考前押题05 阅读理解（期中专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材沪教版

考前押题05 阅读理解 话题1 百科 话题2 数字与寓言（常考点） 话题3 智能与科技（难点） 话题4 发明 ① 先读题干，圈关键词； ② 扫读文章，定位答案句； ③ 比对选项，排除干扰。 话题1 百科（共3篇） Passage 1 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. Passage 2 Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900. Scientific Work After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921. Later Life Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer. Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 1．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告). C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary. 2．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________. A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics 3．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese? A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的 4．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience? a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things. b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics. c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany. d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world. e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office. A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b 5．What can we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein. B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart. C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain. D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life. Passage 3 （24-25初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 2．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rocks melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 3．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off. 5．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. 话题2数字与寓言（共6篇） Passage 1 （26-27初二上·广东广州·月考）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the European number system. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20. This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes. 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable. Besides 20, the other important number is 5, which had a connection with the number of fingers and toes on one hand or foot. The Mayan system used two symbols: a dot (.) meant the units (one to four) and a dash (—) meant five. The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of zero. The most common symbol was a shell. It was the Mayan Indians who first came up with the symbol zero, although there were great experts in ancient Greece and Rome. From further study, people found that the 360-day calendar also came from the Mayans. They used base 18 when making the calendar. Each month had 20 days with 18 months in a year. This left five days at the end of the year, which was a month full of danger and bad luck. In this way, the Mayans invented the 365-day calendar. 1．What does the underlined “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The European number system. B．The Mayan number system. C．The Arabic number system. D．The Mayan symbol system. 2．Why could the Mayan system be used at that time? A．People lived in such a warm area that they didn't need to count numbers. B．People believed that they hardly used their fingers or toes to count numbers. C．People thought the number of fingers and toes was enough to count numbers. D．People found that they could use the days in a year of a calendar to count numbers. 3．Which of the following symbols means sixteen?（圆点=1，横线=5） A． B． C． D． 4．What can we learn from the article? A．The Mayan number system had a base 10. B．All number systems had the same symbols. C．There were only 360 days in the Mayan calendar. D．The symbol of zero first appeared in the Mayan number system. 5．Where can you probably find the article? A．A diary. B．An encyclopedia. C．A travel guide. D．A geography magazine. Passage 2 In the dry rural areas of Northwest China, drought (干旱) has long been a serious problem. It causes poor crop growth and low grain output (粮食产量) , which makes local farmers face heavy economic (经济的) losses every year. Facing this tough problem, Zhang Wei, a young mathematician, decided to use the power of numbers to help farmers. Zhang Wei spent months collecting and recording data on rainfall, temperature and crop growth. He counted (计算) the exact amount of water each crop needed at different growing stages. By carefully analyzing (分析) these numbers, he worked out the best time for planting and watering. He also used data to find out which crop varieties (品种) could produce the highest yields (产量) with less water. At the beginning, many farmers doubted his method. They thought farming depended only on experience, not on numbers. But Zhang Wei did not give up. He held a firm belief that numbers could bring real change. He showed the farmers his data tables and explained how the numbers could help them make better decisions. Without hesitation, he promised to stay with them until they saw the results. After one year of practice, the farmers were surprised to find that their grain output had risen sharply (急剧地) by over 30 per cent. The numbers had not lied. More villages began to follow Zhang Wei’s advice. Zhang Wei says that numbers are amazing because they tell us the truth. His story shows that mathematics is not just about numbers on paper—it can change people’s lives. 1．What was Zhang Wei’s main achievement? A．He invented new farming machines. B．He used data to help farmers increase grain output. C．He built modern farms for poor villages. D．He wrote several books about mathematics. 2．Why did Zhang Wei start his research? A．He wanted to win professional awards. B．He wanted to become a famous mathematician. C．Drought caused low grain output and farmers’ losses. D．He was asked by the government to do so. 3．What did Zhang Wei collect and record in his research? A．The number of farmers in each village. B．Data on rainfall, temperature and crop growth. C．The prices of different crops in the market. D．The names of all the crop varieties. 4． What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce Zhang Wei’s educational background. B．To show how Zhang Wei turned data into practical solutions. C．To explain why farmers doubted his method. D．To show the difficulties he faced. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Numbers are only useful in math classes. B．Zhang Wei’s method helped farmers increase production. C．Most farmers supported Zhang Wei at the very beginning. D．Farming depends only on experience, not on numbers. Passage 3 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期末）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Ever feel lost with numbers? The right graph can help! It makes data clear. Let’s look at the four most common graph types: Pie Chart It’s good for showing a certain part of a whole and the proportion (比例) of each part. A pie chart enables you to plan your pocket money wisely:for snacks, books, and savings. Line Graph An excellent choice if you want to describe how something changes over time. It is also good for showing big differences. Many teachers prefer using a line graph to track students’ grades. Bar Graph A bar graph can also show changes over time. However, it’s more direct to make comparisons (对比) between two or more things. That’s why we can use it to compare the popularity of different school clubs among your classmates. Venn Diagram (维恩图) A Venn Diagram features two overlapping circles. It’s perfect for sorting (分类) information. You can use a Venn Diagram to sort plants. For example, plants with green leaves go on the left; plants with flowers go on the right; plants with both go in the middle where the circles overlap. 1．Where can we probably find the passage? A．In a historical novel. B．In a tour guide. C．In a sports newspaper. D．In a maths textbook. 2．How many kinds of data display graphs are mentioned in the passage? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 3．If you want to show big differences and how something changes over time, which graph would be a good choice? A．Pie Chart. B．Bar Graph. C．Line Graph. D．Venn Diagram. 4．The underlined phrase “overlapping circles” means a circle ________. A．that covers part of another circle. B．that is inside another circle. C．that is far away from another circle. D．that is drawn under another circle. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To help people create a project. B．To tell people about the use of data. C．To introduce some helpful data display methods. D．To show how Venn Diagrams are different from other ways. Passage 4 Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you’re paying by sharing your personal data (数据). Then businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you targeted ads (定向广告). What happens to personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses that want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Companies called “data brokers” collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow, and then sell it to other brokers and businesses. __________ The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services. What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws to protect personal information. For example, a law in the United States says companies must get parents’ permission to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, we should try to protect our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it. 1．According to the passage, how can people use some apps for free? A．By sharing their personal data. B．By buying and using the data. C．By showing the targeted ads. D．By talking with friends. 2．According to the passage, which picture can describe how businesses show their targeted ads? A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, why do “data brokers” collect personal information? A．To use the apps for free. B．To sell the information to businesses. C．To protect users’ personal data. D．To make new laws about privacy. 4．Which of the following can be put in the “________”? A．What are people interested in? B．Why do businesses show their ads? C．Why do businesses want the data? D．What are the new products? 5．Who’s the passage written for? A．Businessmen. B．App users. C．Lawyers. D．Data brokers. Passage 5 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·月考）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 ①Numbers are everywhere in our world. They do much more than just count things. They help us understand life and solve difficult problems. Science & Health ②Numbers keep us safe and healthy. Builders use special numbers like 3.14 (π) to make strong bridges that won’t fall down. Doctors use numbers like 37℃ (normal body temperature) and 60-100 beats per minute (normal heartbeat) to check health. ▲ ③Numbers tell us about people. Did you know that Asia has around 4.8 billion people? That’s more than half of all people on Earth! Leaders use these numbers to decide how many schools to build. In bad times, numbers help decide how much food or medicine is needed. Stores even use numbers to know which products sell well. Everyday Uses ④We see numbers every day. When baking a cake, you need twice as much flour as sugar. At stores, a 20% discount means you can pay less money to buy the clothes. On the road, signs like “60 km/h tell drivers” the maximum speed. Dates also use numbers, like “June 26th”. ⑤There are also some fun facts about numbers. People think differently about some numbers. In China, people believe that the number 8 means good fortune. Meanwhile, in some Western countries, people think 13 is unlucky. ⑥Numbers help us describe everything—from small things to huge stars. They are the world’s special language. 1．Which of the following is best for “ ▲ ” ? A．Numbers in Art. B．Numbers for Fun. C．Numbers and Cultures. D．Numbers for Decisions. 2．Why do stores use numbers according to the passage? A．To find out popular products easily. B．To count how many products they have. C．To check if people pay the right money. D．To make the prices of their products higher. 3．What can we know according to Paragraph 4? A．We don’t need numbers when baking a cake. B．Clothes will be cheaper if there is a 20% discount. C．The number of people can decide how many schools to build. D．Numbers are useless for the drivers on the road. 4．Why do people like the number “8” in China? A．Because they believe that it is easy to write. B．Because they believe that it can help people make money. C．Because they believe that it can bring good luck. D．Because they believe that it can help people remember dates. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Numbers play important roles in different parts of life. B．Numbers help doctors and builders do their jobs well. C．Numbers have different meanings in different cultures. D．People use numbers to solve difficult scientific problems. Passage 6 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·月考）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2,500 years ago, people in Rome used their hands to count. In Roman numerals, one finger means 1, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, four fingers means 4. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are “I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X”. Also, “L” means fifty, “C” means one hundred. “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. 1．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? A．L. B．M. C．V. D．X. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. 3．What do we know about Arabic numerals? A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. 4．Why are there few people using Roman numerals today? A．Because they are not easy to write and count. B．Because there are no Romans anymore. C．Because the numbers look stupid. D．Because they are hard to remember. 5．In what order did the following things happen? a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe. d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b—c—a—d B．b—a—c—d C．d—b—a—c D．d—c—b—a 话题3 智能与科技（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Technology can be a great way to learn. Apps, games, and websites make learning fun, which provides us with different methods to use when we study new things. But it’s easy to spend too much time looking at screens. So, it’s important for students of all ages to know how to use technology in a right way. Our brain works differently when we read on a screen compared to reading a book. Screens have things that can take our attention away. Reading a book helps us understand better and remember things more easily. Writing by hand is also better for our brain than typing (打字). When we write, we think more about what we’re writing, which is harder than just typing. Spending too much time on screens can be bad for kids. It can make it harder to focus (集中), do well in school, sleep, and exercise. In addition, too much time with technology can also make it harder for kids to make friends in real life, which can make them feel lonely. It’s not always clear if technology helps us learn better. Technology can be great for learning, but it can also be dangerous. Parents and teachers can’t stop kids from using technology, but they can help them know when and how to use it the right way. The important thing is that we use it for ourselves instead of being controlled by it. 1．What does the writer think of apps and websites? A．They are simple. B．They are necessary. C．They are useless. D．They are interesting. 2．Why does the writer think writing is better than typing? A．Because writing is easier for us. B．Because writing takes us less time. C．Because writing makes us think more. D．Because writing is good for our hands. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Kids shouldn’t surf the internet because it’s hard to control. B．Spending time on screens before going to bed can help kids sleep well. C．Too much time on technology may make it difficult for kids to make friends in real life. D．Technology will become a great danger for kids in the future. 4．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in the passage? A．Kids. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Friends. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Everyone should use technology to learn. B．Kids should use technology in a right way. C．Reading books is better than reading on screens. D．Parents should not ask their children to use technology. Passage 2 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 ①Social media has had a big influence on people’s lives. Social media platforms (平台) allow users to share their thoughts, pictures, and videos with others anytime and anywhere. They are so popular. Every day, a large number of people use social media for both work and personal life. ②Social media has many good points. It helps people not only stay connected to their loved ones, but also make new friends. Sam is in the eighth grade. He said,“My best friend moved to another city a year ago, because his father got a new job as a doctor. But thanks to social media, we’re still able to stay in touch every day. I can see what he is doing and share fun moments with him. Social media also lets me meet new people. Recently, I’ve made a friend from the UK, and we’ve learnt something about each other’s culture.” ③However, there are also some downsides. Sometimes, people compare their lives to the perfect-looking lives in posts and feel sad about their own lives. This can lead to low self-esteem and even depression (抑郁). What’s more, spending too much time on social media can make people less active in real life. They might miss out on playing outside or talking to people face-to-face. ④In short, social media can be a great tool if we use it in the right way. It can help us stay connected and learn new things, but we need to be careful not to let it control our lives. 1．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The great thoughts. B．The social media users. C．The social media platforms. D．The pictures and videos shared online. 2．Why does Sam think social media is good? A．It helps him build and keep relationships. B．It helps him get through sad times and stay happy. C．It allows him to share his life with more people. D．It allows him to compare his life with others’. 3．Which saying best shows the writer’s opinion about social media? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Think twice before you act. C．Every coin has two sides. D．Easy come, easy go. 4．How is the text organized? A．①/②③④ B．①②③/④ C．①/②③/④ D．①②/③/④ 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Why is social media popular? B．The influence of social media C．How should we build relationships? D．The best way to use social media Passage 3 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 During the eight-day National Day holiday, more foreign visitors came to China. They enjoyed using Chinese mobile payment tools like Alipay and WeChat Pay. To make travel easier, China also made it easier to get visas (签证) and tax refunds (退税). Experts said China’s digital payment technologies helped tourism and the economy (经济). Data from Alipay showed that foreign tourists spent nearly 40% more than last year. Many visitors used Alipay’s “Tap to Pay” for quick payments without touching the machine. The number of this kind of payment grew very fast. Popular spending areas included dining, tourism, shopping, and transportation. With the help of the government, Alipay worked with tax refund organizations to offer easy tax refund services in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, making tourists more willing to spend. In Beijing, the sales in the duty-free (免税) shops went over 22 million yuan during the holiday. This number was double last year’s. China is also making it easier for foreigners to pay. They can now use their international bank cards on Alipay and WeChat Pay. Hong Yang, an expert, said that digital payments and easier visa attracted more foreign tourists. He also said, “Mobile payment makes paying easier and faster, and gives people a better experience.” The holiday spending showed the strong vitality (活力) of China’s consumer market. It not only helps business but also makes the country more connected and open to the world. 1．What happened during the National Day holiday? A．More foreigners visited China. B．Using new payment tools. C．Getting a visa became harder. D．There were no tax refunds. 2．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．What tourists bought during the holiday. B．Digital payment hurt the economy. C．The reasons why foreign visitors use Alipay. D．Tourists spent more and used new payment methods. 3．What was the sales of the duty-free shops in Beijing last National Day holiday? A．44 million. B．22 million. C．11 million. D．5.5 million. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned? A．Foreigners can use Alipay with their bank cards. B．China will create new payment apps for tourists. C．Mobile payment improved the shopping experience. D．The holiday spending helped business growth in China. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A science fiction novel. C．A book review. D．A news report. Passage 4 Do you know how smartphones (智能手机) answer questions or robots play games? It’s so cool to see your phone give quick answers to your questions or watch a robot win a video game! AI (人工智能) and AI trainers (训练师) help make these things happen! AI trainers are like teachers for computers. Their job is to teach AI to think and learn, just like your teachers help you learn math and English. AI trainers work hard to make AI smarter day by day, and this smart AI makes people’s lives easier, such as when your phone helps you find a way home or a robot cleans your room. Let’s learn about how AI trainers do their work. First, they collect lots of information for AI. For example, if AI trainers want AI to learn about animals, they will collect thousands of animal pictures — from cute cats and playful dogs to colorful birds and big elephants. Then, they teach AI the differences between these animals, so it can recognize (识别) different animals quickly and accurately (准确地). After that, AI trainers test AI to see if it learns correctly. If AI makes a mistake, AI trainers will go back and teach it again. If you’re interested in becoming an AI trainer in the future, you need to study math and science hard in school. These help you understand how machines work and “think”! You can also try fun coding (编程) games to learn how to “talk” to machines. Maybe you can become an AI trainer to do more amazing new things one day! 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using numbers. B．By asking a question. C．By telling a story. D．By showing a picture. 2．What are AI trainers like? A．They are like teachers for computers. B．They are like parents for children. C．They are like classmates for students. D．They are like friends for animals. 3．Which is the correct order of AI trainers’ work according to Paragraph 3? ①testing AI    ②collecting information    ③teaching AI the differences A．③②① B．①②③ C．①③② D．②③① 4．What does the underlined word “These” refer to? A．Math and science. B．Math and English. C．Animal pictures. D．Code games. 5．Why did the writer write the text? A．To show people the history of AI trainers. B．To tell people the future of AI trainers. C．To introduce a new job to people. D．To teach people how to ask AI trainers for help. Passage 5 Have you ever thought about life without the Internet? For most teenagers today, it is hard to imagine. The Internet has changed the way we learn, communicate, and entertain ourselves. But is it really a good thing? On the positive side, the Internet makes learning much easier than before. Students can find information for their homework in seconds. Online courses allow people to learn new skills at home. Social media helps us stay connected with friends and family who live far away. Mobile payment, online shopping, and smart city services have made our daily lives more convenient than ever. However, the Internet also brings negative effects. Many teenagers spend too much time on social media and online games. This can lead to poor grades and health problems. Cyberbullying is another serious issue—some people use the Internet to hurt others with hurtful words. Moreover, not all information online is true. Fake news can spread quickly and mislead people. The key is to use the Internet wisely. Set a time limit for screen time, think critically about what you read online, and always be kind to others on the Internet. The Internet is a powerful tool, but only if we use it properly. 1．What makes learning easier according to the passage? A．Teachers. B．The Internet. C．Libraries. D．Textbooks. 2．What does the underlined word “cyberbullying” mean? A．网络购物 B．网络霸凌 C．网络安全 D．网络课程 3．Which is NOT mentioned as a negative effect of the Internet? A．Poor grades. B．Health problems. C．High cost. D．Fake news. 4．What does the writer suggest about screen time? A．No limit is needed. B．Set a time limit. C．Use the Internet all day. D．Only use it for homework. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The Internet is always harmful. B．The Internet is only beneficial. C．The Internet has both pros and cons. D．We should stop using the Internet. Passage 6 Everyone is talking about artificial intelligence (AI) these days. Have you ever dreamed of using AI to help with your studies? Well, don’t just dream about it. The “AI-powered study rooms” that are popping up all over the country promise to do just that. Once you sign up, you’ll get a tablet (平板电脑) with “AI apps”. These apps will “create personalised study plans” and “tailor exercises based on your progress” to help you learn more effectively. These study rooms also claim (声称) that their services are more affordable (价格合理的) than traditional tutors (家教). The tablet, along with the first month of tutoring, usually costs 5,000 yuan. After that, it’s about 2,000 yuan per month. Don’t these promises sound tempting? But hold your horses! You’d better finish reading this article before asking your parents to pay the money. Many parents who have signed their children up for these “AI-powered study rooms” are far from impressed. The “AI apps” don’t live up to their promises. They just spot mistakes and offer repetitive exercises. On top of that, students basically follow pre-recorded lessons. “These so-called ‘AI-powered study rooms’ are more of a scam than a real display of new technologies,” some parents complain. Don’t feel discouraged, though. Your dream of learning with AI is still alive. There is just no need for you to spend a fortune on a paid “study room” to jump on the AI bandwagon. From Moonshot AI to DeepSeek, many companies offer their AI chatbots for free. You can use them to help with your studies right at home. The key is to learn how to use them wisely. Asking AI to do all the exercises in the school assignments for you simply isn’t the way to go! Instead, you could ask for clearer and more detailed explanations if you’re confused about something in class. You could also share some English sentences or compositions with an AI chatbot and ask it to point out any mistakes. It could even give you some exercises to help you improve. It will take some time and practice to become a smart AI user, but that effort will serve you better than just sitting in an “AI-powered study room”. 1．“AI-powered study rooms” promise to ________. A．replace schoolteachers B．offer free online courses C．help students learn better D．show students how to use AI 2．Mr. Yang would like to sign his son up for an “AI-powered study room”. He should prepare ________ yuan for the first six months of service. A．12,000 B．13,000 C．15,000 D．17,000 3．Why do some parents complain about “AI-powered study rooms”? A．Because their services are too expensive. B．Because they don’t really offer personalised tutoring. C．Because students are actually taught by human teachers. D．Because their “AI apps” provide only very basic lessons. 4．The author suggests students ________. A．study using their own tablets B．hire a traditional human tutor C．study with free AI chatbots at home D．forget about their dream of studying with AI 5．Students should avoid asking AI chatbots to ________. A．explain difficult topics B．correct their compositions C．offer targeted exercises D．complete their homework 话题4 发明（共4篇） Passage 1 Recently, Cassie, a bipedal (双足行走的) robot, ran 100 metres with no falls in 24.73 seconds. It set a Guinness World Record for the fastest 100-metre run by a bipedal robot. That’s much slower than a human, but it is a big step in the development of robotics and engineering. What’s more, Cassie ran the challenge with no cameras or external sensors (外部传感器). It means the robot was blind to its environment. Cassie was developed by engineers at Oregon State University (OSU). Since its introduction in 2017, Cassie has continued to make progress. In 2021, it completed a 5-kilometre run in just over 53 minutes. Cassie’s creators said that running wasn’t actually the hardest part of the challenge, but getting the robot to start and stop. “Starting and stopping in a standing position is more difficult than the running part, similar to how taking off and landing are harder than actually flying a plane,” said Alan Fern from OSU. Cassie is not the fastest legged robot. WildCat, a four-legged robot, can run at a speed of 16 miles an hour. And another four-legged robot, Mini Cheetah, can run at a speed of 9 miles an hour. “Cassie may be the first bipedal robot to learn to run, but it won’t be the last,” said Jonathan Hurst from OSU. “I think the progress is going to accelerate from here.” 1．Alan Fern explained the hardest part of Cassie’s challenging run by ________. A．telling a story B．asking a question C．making a comparison D．giving a suggestion 2．What do Cassie, WildCat, and Mini Cheetah have in common? A．All of them can run. B．All of them have two legs. C．All of them can do the same job. D．All of them have external sensors. 3．The underlined word “accelerate” probably means“________”. A．go more slowly B．go faster C．come to an end D．come to a stop 4．What can we infer from Jonathan Hurst’s words in the last paragraph? A．Cassie needs to be improved. B．He plans to help Cassie run faster. C．It was not easy for Cassie to learn to run. D．There will be more bipedal robots in the future. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．A Bipedal Robot B．A Challenging Run C．The Future of Robots D．Legged Robots in History Passage 2 The Four Great Inventions of ancient China—the compass, gunpowder, paper-making, and printing—are among the most valuable inventions in human history. These great creations not only changed people’s lives inside China, but also greatly influenced the development of the whole world. Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before paper appeared, ancient Chinese wrote words on heavy bamboo strips or expensive silk. Such materials were difficult to carry and too costly for common people. Cai Lun found a new way to make paper with tree bark, waste cloth and fishing nets. This method cut costs greatly. The technology spread to Arab regions in the 8th century and finally reached Europe in the 12th century. Printing was another amazing breakthrough. Bi Sheng created movable type printing in the Song Dynasty. Unlike block printing, which carved a whole page onto one wooden board, movable type used separate character blocks that people could rearrange freely. This way made printing faster and more flexible. Centuries later, Gutenberg from Europe improved printing technology and invented the modern printing press, which accelerated the spread of knowledge across Europe. These technologies travelled to other continents through ancient trade and cultural communication. They helped knowledge spread widely, improved global communication and connected different ancient civilisations. Without these inventions, the progress of human society would be much slower. 1．Which of the following belongs to the Four Great Inventions of ancient China? A．Compass, telescope, paper, pen B．Compass, gunpowder, paper-making, printing C．Compass, electricity, paper, wheel D．Compass, telephone, paper-making, printing 2．What disadvantages did bamboo strips and silk have before paper was invented? A．They were light and cheap. B．They were heavy or expensive. C．They were easy to produce. D．They could be used everywhere. 3．What advantage did Bi Sheng’s movable type printing have compared with block printing? A．It needed bigger wooden boards. B．It used separate characters which could be rearranged. C．It could print more colourful pictures. D．It was invented by a European. 4．What does the underlined word “flexible” mean in the passage? A．expensive B．changeable and convenient (灵活的) C．difficult D．beautiful 5．What can we infer from the whole passage? A．Chinese ancient inventions only influenced Asia. B．The Four Great Inventions pushed global development. C．Paper-making first spread to Europe in the 8th century. D．Gutenberg invented movable type printing. Passage 3 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is changing the way we make things. Unlike traditional manufacturing that cuts or moulds materials into shapes, a 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from a digital design. This technique makes it possible to create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot produce. A 3D printer works by heating material—usually plastic or metal—and pressing it through a small nozzle. The printer follows a digital design and adds material one layer at a time. Large amounts of materials can be saved because 3D printing only uses what is needed. This is much better than traditional methods that often waste a lot of material. 3D printing is becoming more and more popular in many fields. In medicine, 3D printers can create custom prosthetics (假肢) that fit each patient perfectly. In construction, some companies are using large 3D printers to build houses in just a few days. In education, students can design and print their own models, which helps them understand invention and design better. Although 3D printers are not as cheap as regular printers yet, they are improving quickly. Some experts predict that every home will have a 3D printer in the future, just as most homes have a regular printer today. Without doubt, 3D printing is one of the best new technologies for manufacturing, and its benefits are far greater than we can imagine. 1．How does a 3D printer build objects? A．By cutting materials. B．By moulding materials. C．By adding material layer by layer. D．By pressing materials into shapes. 2．What materials can a 3D printer use? A．Only plastic. B．Only metal. C．Plastic and metal. D．Only paper. 3．Why is 3D printing better than traditional manufacturing in saving material? A．It uses cheaper materials. B．It only uses what is needed. C．It produces more objects. D．It works faster. 4．What can 3D printers create in medicine? A．Regular books. B．Custom prosthetics. C．Houses. D．Cars. 5．What do experts predict about the future of 3D printing? A．No one will use it. B．Only factories will have 3D printers. C．Every home will have a 3D printer. D．3D printers will replace all machines. Passage 4 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Sharks are fast hunters, and their skin is a big reason why. Scientists often learn from nature. By studying shark skin, they turned careful observations (观察) into useful inventions. Shark skin has a special design. It is covered with millions of tiny, hard skin pieces. These pieces look like small teeth and line up from head to tail. Such tiny lines guide water, allowing it to move more smoothly. The same pattern also keeps tiny sea animals from sticking, so the skin stays cleaner. Thanks to this design, sharks can swim faster and use less energy. People used this idea to make better swimsuits. In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers such as Dietrich closely studied shark skin. Years later, they worked with the company Speedo and made the Fastskin swimsuit. The suit’s cloth (布料) has tiny, tooth-shaped lines that successfully copy shark skin. At the 2000 Sydney Olympics, swimmers wearing Fastskin won about 83% of the medals. Engineers used the same idea on ships. Sea life can build up on the bottom of ships, slowing them down and wasting fuel (燃料). To fix this, they put special coatings (涂层) with tiny patterns like shark skin on the bottom. With fewer sea creatures sticking there, ships need less cleaning and use less fuel. That saves money and cuts pollution. From a fast fish to faster humans, shark skin shows that nature is a great teacher. When we keep exploring, watch closely, and test our ideas, we can turn wild clues into real inventions. 1．What can we learn about shark skin from paragraph 2? A．It has a common design. B．It slows the shark down. C．It makes water flow faster. D．It is covered by tiny sea animals. 2．Why does the writer mention (提及) the 2000 Sydney Olympics in paragraph 3? A．To report the event’s results. B．To praise the swimmers’ performance. C．To show the success of the Fastskin swimsuit. D．To compare swimmers from different countries. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．It explains why ships pollute the sea. B．It describes problems ships face at sea. C．It explains why engineers study shark skin. D．It shows how a shark-skin design improves the ships. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Shark Skin Makes Swimmers Faster B．Shark Skin Brings Better Swimsuits C．Shark Skin Inspires Great Inventions D．Shark Skin Solves Environmental Problems 文章主要介绍了2026年《大英百科全书》对OpenAI提起版权诉讼的事件，讨论了AI训练数据使用中的版权问题和这一案件对未来AI发展的潜在影响。 【新素材·版权诉讼】In 2026, Encyclopedia Britannica took legal action against OpenAI, filing a copyright lawsuit in New York federal court. The lawsuit claims that OpenAI copied nearly 100,000 articles and dictionary entries from Britannica to train ChatGPT without permission. Britannica argues that ChatGPT frequently reproduces its content with striking similarity. The lawsuit goes beyond simple copying claims. Britannica also raises trademark concerns, saying that when ChatGPT references the Britannica name while generating questionable information, it damages their century-old reputation for accuracy. “When AI systems cite our name while generating wrong information, it harms our reputation,” a Britannica spokesperson explained. Legal outcomes have been mixed around the world. In 2025, a German court ruled that OpenAI had violated copyright by reproducing song lyrics in its output. However, courts in some other countries have been more cautious, saying that AI training on publicly available data may fall under “fair use” rules. This case is being closely watched because it could set an important precedent for how copyright law applies to AI. As more content creators take AI companies to court, the balance between technological innovation and intellectual property protection remains a key challenge for the future. 1．What is the main reason Britannica is suing OpenAI? A．OpenAI stole Britannica’s physical books. B．OpenAI used Britannica's content to train ChatGPT without permission. C．OpenAI copied Britannica's website design. D．Britannica wants to buy OpenAI. 2．What additional concern does Britannica raise besides copying? A．OpenAI is too expensive. B．AI-generated content referencing Britannica may damage its reputation. C．Britannica wants to create its own AI. D．ChatGPT is more popular than Britannica. 3．What was the result of the German court case mentioned in the passage? A．OpenAI was found guilty of copyright violation. B．The court supported OpenAI completely. C．The case was dismissed. D．OpenAI was fined but allowed to continue. 4．What does the underlined phrase “fair use” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．Using others’ work for any purpose without limits. B．Using copyrighted material in a way that is considered reasonable and legal. C．Only using free content on the Internet. D．Paying for all content before using it. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards the conflict between AI and copyright? A．AI companies are completely wrong. B．Copyright holders are being unreasonable. C．The balance between innovation and intellectual property protection is a key challenge. D．Copyright law should not apply to AI. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题05 阅读理解 话题1 百科 话题2 数字与寓言（常考点） 话题3 智能与科技（难点） 话题4 发明 ① 先读题干，圈关键词； ② 扫读文章，定位答案句； ③ 比对选项，排除干扰。 话题1 百科（共3篇） Passage 1 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史、定义、现代特征及其价值。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book… to help people learn.”可知，百科全书的主要目的是总结人类知识以供学习。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，与现代百科全书相比，早期版本常缺少插图。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“an index to help find information”可知，“index”的功能帮助查找信息，所以index意为“索引”。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books.”可知，第一段介绍百科全书的定义，②排第一；根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ comes from ancient Greek words meaning ‘all-round education’.”可知，第二段介绍百科全书的历史，⑤排第二；根据“Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information.”可知，第三段介绍现代百科全书的特征，①排第三；根据“However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，第四段介绍过去百科全书的特征，④排第四；根据“Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times.”可知，最后一段介绍百科全书的价值，③排第五。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了百科全书的相关内容，包括其历史、定义、特征及其价值，所以文章有可能出自一本关于知识工具的教育杂志。故选D。 Passage 2 Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900. Scientific Work After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921. Later Life Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer. Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 1．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告). C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary. 2．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________. A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics 3．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese? A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的 4．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience? a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things. b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics. c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany. d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world. e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office. A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b 5．What can we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein. B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart. C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain. D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的生平。 【详解】1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，可能在百科全书中出现。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，爱因斯坦在物理方面有很大的成就。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.”可知，爱因斯坦总是对周围的事情感兴趣，并且充满了想象力。他喜欢认真地观看事物并且问许多有关的问题。他的问题对于老师来说经常很难回答。由此可知，爱因斯坦是一个不同寻常的人，因此画线单词的意思是“非凡的”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them.”，“Einstein started school in 1885.”，“After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office.”，“By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist.”和“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，正确的顺序是a-c-e-d-b。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it.”可知，科学家们对爱因斯坦的大脑很感兴趣。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago. This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater. The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing. In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs. Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth. B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out. C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico. 2．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth? A．A big hole appeared in North America. B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second. C．The hit made lots of rocks melt. D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico. 3．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs? A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit. 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground. B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases. C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils. D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off. 5．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In a storybook about dinosaurs. B．In a science book about space. C．In an encyclopaedia of animals. D．In a travel magazine about Mexico. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文围绕墨西哥湾的希克苏鲁伯陨石坑展开，介绍了小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的假说，包括撞击后的一系列灾难及恐龙灭绝的原因，最后指出恐龙灭绝之谜尚未完全解开。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据“Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.”及“This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true.”可知，“it”指代前文提到的“小行星撞击导致恐龙灭绝”这一观点。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks.”可知，小行星撞击地球时导致大量岩石熔化。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs.”可知，几乎所有恐龙灭绝的原因是食物短缺。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically.”可知，恐龙灭绝尚无科学定论。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的科学假说展开，涉及太空（小行星）与科学知识，因此可能出现在关于太空的科学书中。故选B。 话题2数字与寓言（共6篇） Passage 1 （26-27初二上·广东广州·月考）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the European number system. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20. This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes. 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable. Besides 20, the other important number is 5, which had a connection with the number of fingers and toes on one hand or foot. The Mayan system used two symbols: a dot (.) meant the units (one to four) and a dash (—) meant five. The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of zero. The most common symbol was a shell. It was the Mayan Indians who first came up with the symbol zero, although there were great experts in ancient Greece and Rome. From further study, people found that the 360-day calendar also came from the Mayans. They used base 18 when making the calendar. Each month had 20 days with 18 months in a year. This left five days at the end of the year, which was a month full of danger and bad luck. In this way, the Mayans invented the 365-day calendar. 1．What does the underlined “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The European number system. B．The Mayan number system. C．The Arabic number system. D．The Mayan symbol system. 2．Why could the Mayan system be used at that time? A．People lived in such a warm area that they didn't need to count numbers. B．People believed that they hardly used their fingers or toes to count numbers. C．People thought the number of fingers and toes was enough to count numbers. D．People found that they could use the days in a year of a calendar to count numbers. 3．Which of the following symbols means sixteen?（圆点=1，横线=5） A． B． C． D． 4．What can we learn from the article? A．The Mayan number system had a base 10. B．All number systems had the same symbols. C．There were only 360 days in the Mayan calendar. D．The symbol of zero first appeared in the Mayan number system. 5．Where can you probably find the article? A．A diary. B．An encyclopedia. C．A travel guide. D．A geography magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了玛雅数字系统的出现时间、20进制的由来、使用的符号（含零的符号），同时说明了玛雅人发明的365天历法的相关规则与由来。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the European number system. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10.”可知，代词it指代前文提到的玛雅数字系统。 2．根据文章第1段“This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes. 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable.”可知，玛雅人手指和脚趾的总数为20，该数量足以支撑计数，因此玛雅数字系统在当时可以使用。 3．根据文章第1段“The Mayan system used two symbols: a dot (.) meant the units (one to four) and a dash (—) meant five.”，结合题干给出的“圆点=1，横线=5”的规则，计算可得16=3×5+1，即表示16需要3条横线和1个圆点，对应选项A的符号。 4．根据文章第1段“The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of zero. The most common symbol was a shell. It was the Mayan Indians who first came up with the symbol zero, although there were great experts in ancient Greece and Rome.”可知，零的符号最早由玛雅人创造，最早出现在玛雅数字系统中。 5．本文是介绍玛雅数字系统与历法的科普类文章，这类普及各领域知识的内容通常收录在百科全书中。 Passage 2 In the dry rural areas of Northwest China, drought (干旱) has long been a serious problem. It causes poor crop growth and low grain output (粮食产量) , which makes local farmers face heavy economic (经济的) losses every year. Facing this tough problem, Zhang Wei, a young mathematician, decided to use the power of numbers to help farmers. Zhang Wei spent months collecting and recording data on rainfall, temperature and crop growth. He counted (计算) the exact amount of water each crop needed at different growing stages. By carefully analyzing (分析) these numbers, he worked out the best time for planting and watering. He also used data to find out which crop varieties (品种) could produce the highest yields (产量) with less water. At the beginning, many farmers doubted his method. They thought farming depended only on experience, not on numbers. But Zhang Wei did not give up. He held a firm belief that numbers could bring real change. He showed the farmers his data tables and explained how the numbers could help them make better decisions. Without hesitation, he promised to stay with them until they saw the results. After one year of practice, the farmers were surprised to find that their grain output had risen sharply (急剧地) by over 30 per cent. The numbers had not lied. More villages began to follow Zhang Wei’s advice. Zhang Wei says that numbers are amazing because they tell us the truth. His story shows that mathematics is not just about numbers on paper—it can change people’s lives. 1．What was Zhang Wei’s main achievement? A．He invented new farming machines. B．He used data to help farmers increase grain output. C．He built modern farms for poor villages. D．He wrote several books about mathematics. 2．Why did Zhang Wei start his research? A．He wanted to win professional awards. B．He wanted to become a famous mathematician. C．Drought caused low grain output and farmers’ losses. D．He was asked by the government to do so. 3．What did Zhang Wei collect and record in his research? A．The number of farmers in each village. B．Data on rainfall, temperature and crop growth. C．The prices of different crops in the market. D．The names of all the crop varieties. 4． What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce Zhang Wei’s educational background. B．To show how Zhang Wei turned data into practical solutions. C．To explain why farmers doubted his method. D．To show the difficulties he faced. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Numbers are only useful in math classes. B．Zhang Wei’s method helped farmers increase production. C．Most farmers supported Zhang Wei at the very beginning. D．Farming depends only on experience, not on numbers. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了数学家张伟借助数据分析，为西北干旱地区农民找到科学种植办法，成功提高粮食产量，用数学改善了农民的生活。 【详解】1．根据第一段“decided to use the power of numbers to help farmers.”及最后一段“After one year of practice, the farmers were surprised to find that their grain output had risen sharply by over 30 percent”以及全文可知，张伟的主要成就是用数据帮助农民提高了粮食产量。 2．根据第一段“It causes poor crop growth and low grain output, which makes local farmers face heavy economic losses every year”可知，干旱导致粮食减产和农民损失，这是张伟开始研究的原因。 3．根据第二段“Zhang Wei spent months collecting and recording data on rainfall, temperature and crop growth”可知，他收集的数据是降雨量、温度和作物生长情况。 4．根据第二段内容可知，张伟收集各类数据、计算作物需水量，分析得出最佳种植浇水时间，挑选节水高产品种，展示他如何把数据变成实用方案。 5．根据最后一段“After one year of practice, the farmers were surprised to find that their grain output had risen sharply (急剧地) by over 30 per cent. ”可知，张伟的方法帮助农民提高了产量。 Passage 3 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期末）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Ever feel lost with numbers? The right graph can help! It makes data clear. Let’s look at the four most common graph types: Pie Chart It’s good for showing a certain part of a whole and the proportion (比例) of each part. A pie chart enables you to plan your pocket money wisely:for snacks, books, and savings. Line Graph An excellent choice if you want to describe how something changes over time. It is also good for showing big differences. Many teachers prefer using a line graph to track students’ grades. Bar Graph A bar graph can also show changes over time. However, it’s more direct to make comparisons (对比) between two or more things. That’s why we can use it to compare the popularity of different school clubs among your classmates. Venn Diagram (维恩图) A Venn Diagram features two overlapping circles. It’s perfect for sorting (分类) information. You can use a Venn Diagram to sort plants. For example, plants with green leaves go on the left; plants with flowers go on the right; plants with both go in the middle where the circles overlap. 1．Where can we probably find the passage? A．In a historical novel. B．In a tour guide. C．In a sports newspaper. D．In a maths textbook. 2．How many kinds of data display graphs are mentioned in the passage? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 3．If you want to show big differences and how something changes over time, which graph would be a good choice? A．Pie Chart. B．Bar Graph. C．Line Graph. D．Venn Diagram. 4．The underlined phrase “overlapping circles” means a circle ________. A．that covers part of another circle. B．that is inside another circle. C．that is far away from another circle. D．that is drawn under another circle. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To help people create a project. B．To tell people about the use of data. C．To introduce some helpful data display methods. D．To show how Venn Diagrams are different from other ways. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饼状图、折线图、条形图和维恩图这四种最常见图表的特点、适用场景及具体示例，以指导如何选择合适的图表来清晰展示数据。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据“Let’s look at the four most common graph types”可知，文章介绍常见图表类型，与数学学习相关，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Pie Chart、Line Graph、Bar Graph、Venn Diagram”可知，共提到4种图表，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Line Graph: An excellent choice if you want to describe how something changes over time. It is also good for showing big differences”可知，折线图是展示随时间变化和巨大差异的绝佳选择，故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“plants with both go in the middle where the circles overlap”可知，圆圈是部分重叠的，重叠区域就是中间共同的部分，故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“The right graph can help! It makes data clear. Let’s look at the four most common graph types”可知，文章旨在介绍实用的数据展示方法，故选C。 Passage 4 Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you’re paying by sharing your personal data (数据). Then businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you targeted ads (定向广告). What happens to personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses that want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Companies called “data brokers” collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow, and then sell it to other brokers and businesses. __________ The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services. What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws to protect personal information. For example, a law in the United States says companies must get parents’ permission to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, we should try to protect our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it. 1．According to the passage, how can people use some apps for free? A．By sharing their personal data. B．By buying and using the data. C．By showing the targeted ads. D．By talking with friends. 2．According to the passage, which picture can describe how businesses show their targeted ads? A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, why do “data brokers” collect personal information? A．To use the apps for free. B．To sell the information to businesses. C．To protect users’ personal data. D．To make new laws about privacy. 4．Which of the following can be put in the “________”? A．What are people interested in? B．Why do businesses show their ads? C．Why do businesses want the data? D．What are the new products? 5．Who’s the passage written for? A．Businessmen. B．App users. C．Lawyers. D．Data brokers. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文由APP上呈现的广告引出我们的个人信息被企业收集和贩卖，进而提出我们应该高度重视和保护个人信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Well, instead of paying with money, you’re paying by sharing your personal data (数据).”可知，说明用户通过“分享个人数据”来换取免费使用。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Companies called ‘data  brokers’ collect your data—everything from your name, ... and then sell it to other brokers and businesses.”以及“The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads.”可知，用户使用那些应用软件，数据经纪人收集你的所有数据，然后把它们卖给企业，企业再定向投放广告。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Companies called ‘data brokers’ collect your data … and then sell it to other brokers and businesses.”可知，数据经纪人收集信息是为了“卖给企业”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services.”可知，企业用数据来定位广告，意味着他们将把广告展示给最有可能对他们的产品或服务感兴趣的人；由此推知本段回答了为什么企业想要数据。故选C。 5．推理判断题。文章结尾提醒读者应学会保护个人信息，根据“If an app asks for ... consider saying ‘No’ first.”可知，是写给“App用户”的安全提示。故选B。 Passage 5 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·月考）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 ①Numbers are everywhere in our world. They do much more than just count things. They help us understand life and solve difficult problems. Science & Health ②Numbers keep us safe and healthy. Builders use special numbers like 3.14 (π) to make strong bridges that won’t fall down. Doctors use numbers like 37℃ (normal body temperature) and 60-100 beats per minute (normal heartbeat) to check health. ▲ ③Numbers tell us about people. Did you know that Asia has around 4.8 billion people? That’s more than half of all people on Earth! Leaders use these numbers to decide how many schools to build. In bad times, numbers help decide how much food or medicine is needed. Stores even use numbers to know which products sell well. Everyday Uses ④We see numbers every day. When baking a cake, you need twice as much flour as sugar. At stores, a 20% discount means you can pay less money to buy the clothes. On the road, signs like “60 km/h tell drivers” the maximum speed. Dates also use numbers, like “June 26th”. ⑤There are also some fun facts about numbers. People think differently about some numbers. In China, people believe that the number 8 means good fortune. Meanwhile, in some Western countries, people think 13 is unlucky. ⑥Numbers help us describe everything—from small things to huge stars. They are the world’s special language. 1．Which of the following is best for “ ▲ ” ? A．Numbers in Art. B．Numbers for Fun. C．Numbers and Cultures. D．Numbers for Decisions. 2．Why do stores use numbers according to the passage? A．To find out popular products easily. B．To count how many products they have. C．To check if people pay the right money. D．To make the prices of their products higher. 3．What can we know according to Paragraph 4? A．We don’t need numbers when baking a cake. B．Clothes will be cheaper if there is a 20% discount. C．The number of people can decide how many schools to build. D．Numbers are useless for the drivers on the road. 4．Why do people like the number “8” in China? A．Because they believe that it is easy to write. B．Because they believe that it can help people make money. C．Because they believe that it can bring good luck. D．Because they believe that it can help people remember dates. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Numbers play important roles in different parts of life. B．Numbers help doctors and builders do their jobs well. C．Numbers have different meanings in different cultures. D．People use numbers to solve difficult scientific problems. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字在生活中的多方面应用，包括科学与健康、决策制定、日常用途以及文化中的意义等，强调了数字是世界的特殊语言，帮助我们描述一切。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Numbers tell us about people...Leaders use these numbers to decide how many schools to build. In bad times, numbers help decide how much food or medicine is needed. stores even use numbers to know which products sell well.”可知，本段主要讲述了数字在决策制定方面的作用，如领导者根据人口数字决定建多少学校，在困难时期根据数字决定所需食物和药品数量，商店根据数字了解哪些产品畅销等。所以“Numbers for Decisions”最适合放在“ ▲ ”处。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“stores even use numbers to know which products sell well.”可知，商店使用数字是为了轻松找出受欢迎的产品。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“At stores, a 20% discount means you can pay less money to buy the clothes.”可知，如果有20%的折扣，衣服会更便宜。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“In China, people believe that the number 8 means good fortune.”可知，在中国人们喜欢数字“8”是因为他们认为它能带来好运。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Numbers are everywhere in our world. They do much more than just count things. They help us understand life and solve difficult problems.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了数字在生活的不同方面都发挥着重要作用，包括科学与健康、决策制定、日常用途以及文化意义等。故选A。 Passage 6 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·月考）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2,500 years ago, people in Rome used their hands to count. In Roman numerals, one finger means 1, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, four fingers means 4. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are “I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X”. Also, “L” means fifty, “C” means one hundred. “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. 1．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? A．L. B．M. C．V. D．X. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. 3．What do we know about Arabic numerals? A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. 4．Why are there few people using Roman numerals today? A．Because they are not easy to write and count. B．Because there are no Romans anymore. C．Because the numbers look stupid. D．Because they are hard to remember. 5．In what order did the following things happen? a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe. d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b—c—a—d B．b—a—c—d C．d—b—a—c D．d—c—b—a 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了罗马数字和阿拉伯数字的相关信息，包括罗马数字的计数方式、阿拉伯数字的起源与传播等。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, II, III, IV, V...’”可知，罗马数字中“V”表示5。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks.”可知，them指代前文提到的“Roman numerals (罗马数字)”，因为罗马数字没有零，且难以书写和计数，所以现在很少有人使用。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are Arabic numerals.”以及“But there is no zero in Roman numerals.”可知，阿拉伯数字中包含“0”，而罗马数字中没有。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count.”可知，如今很少有人使用罗马数字是因为它们难以书写和计数。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot.”可知，印度人首创阿拉伯数字，阿拉伯人后来了解了它们，并将其带入欧洲，最后全世界都在使用阿拉伯数字。因此，正确顺序为b—a—c—d。故选B。 话题3 智能与科技（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Technology can be a great way to learn. Apps, games, and websites make learning fun, which provides us with different methods to use when we study new things. But it’s easy to spend too much time looking at screens. So, it’s important for students of all ages to know how to use technology in a right way. Our brain works differently when we read on a screen compared to reading a book. Screens have things that can take our attention away. Reading a book helps us understand better and remember things more easily. Writing by hand is also better for our brain than typing (打字). When we write, we think more about what we’re writing, which is harder than just typing. Spending too much time on screens can be bad for kids. It can make it harder to focus (集中), do well in school, sleep, and exercise. In addition, too much time with technology can also make it harder for kids to make friends in real life, which can make them feel lonely. It’s not always clear if technology helps us learn better. Technology can be great for learning, but it can also be dangerous. Parents and teachers can’t stop kids from using technology, but they can help them know when and how to use it the right way. The important thing is that we use it for ourselves instead of being controlled by it. 1．What does the writer think of apps and websites? A．They are simple. B．They are necessary. C．They are useless. D．They are interesting. 2．Why does the writer think writing is better than typing? A．Because writing is easier for us. B．Because writing takes us less time. C．Because writing makes us think more. D．Because writing is good for our hands. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Kids shouldn’t surf the internet because it’s hard to control. B．Spending time on screens before going to bed can help kids sleep well. C．Too much time on technology may make it difficult for kids to make friends in real life. D．Technology will become a great danger for kids in the future. 4．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in the passage? A．Kids. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Friends. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Everyone should use technology to learn. B．Kids should use technology in a right way. C．Reading books is better than reading on screens. D．Parents should not ask their children to use technology. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文探讨了科技对学习的影响，对比了屏幕阅读与书本阅读的区别，指出了过度使用科技产品的危害，并强调家长和老师应引导孩子正确使用科技。 【详解】1．根据第一段“Apps, games, and websites make learning fun”可推知，作者认为应用程序和网站让学习变得有趣，fun与interesting意思相近。 2．根据第二段“When we write, we think more about what we’re writing, which is harder than just typing.”可推知，作者认为手写比打字好是因为手写让我们思考更多。 3．根据第三段“too much time with technology can also make it harder for kids to make friends in real life”可推知，花太多时间在科技上可能让孩子难以在现实生活中交朋友。 4．根据第四段“Parents and teachers can’t stop kids from using technology, but they can help them know...”可推知，家长和老师帮助孩子，此处them指代前文提到的kids。 5．根据第一段“it’s important for students of all ages to know how to use technology in a right way”及全文内容可推知，文章主要讲述孩子应该正确使用科技。 Passage 2 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 ①Social media has had a big influence on people’s lives. Social media platforms (平台) allow users to share their thoughts, pictures, and videos with others anytime and anywhere. They are so popular. Every day, a large number of people use social media for both work and personal life. ②Social media has many good points. It helps people not only stay connected to their loved ones, but also make new friends. Sam is in the eighth grade. He said,“My best friend moved to another city a year ago, because his father got a new job as a doctor. But thanks to social media, we’re still able to stay in touch every day. I can see what he is doing and share fun moments with him. Social media also lets me meet new people. Recently, I’ve made a friend from the UK, and we’ve learnt something about each other’s culture.” ③However, there are also some downsides. Sometimes, people compare their lives to the perfect-looking lives in posts and feel sad about their own lives. This can lead to low self-esteem and even depression (抑郁). What’s more, spending too much time on social media can make people less active in real life. They might miss out on playing outside or talking to people face-to-face. ④In short, social media can be a great tool if we use it in the right way. It can help us stay connected and learn new things, but we need to be careful not to let it control our lives. 1．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The great thoughts. B．The social media users. C．The social media platforms. D．The pictures and videos shared online. 2．Why does Sam think social media is good? A．It helps him build and keep relationships. B．It helps him get through sad times and stay happy. C．It allows him to share his life with more people. D．It allows him to compare his life with others’. 3．Which saying best shows the writer’s opinion about social media? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Think twice before you act. C．Every coin has two sides. D．Easy come, easy go. 4．How is the text organized? A．①/②③④ B．①②③/④ C．①/②③/④ D．①②/③/④ 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Why is social media popular? B．The influence of social media C．How should we build relationships? D．The best way to use social media 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍社交媒体对人们生活的影响，既阐述它便于维系交友的优势，也说明了容易让人自卑、脱离现实生活等弊端，提出只要合理使用，它就能成为好用的工具。 【详解】1．根据第一段“Social media platforms (平台) allow users to share their thoughts, pictures, and videos with others anytime and anywhere. They are so popular.”They就近指代前面复数名词social media platforms。 2．根据第二段“It helps people not only stay connected to their loved ones, but also make…we’re still able to stay in touch every day…Social media also lets me meet new people.” 可知Sam的例子包含两点：①和老朋友保持联系 ②认识新朋友，核心是维系、建立人际关系。 3．②段讲优点、③段讲弊端、④段总结合理使用就是好工具。文章既讲社交媒体好处，又讲坏处，对应选项C的谚语“事物都有两面”。 4．结构为总-分-总，①段总起引入社交媒体相关话题，②段阐述其优势，③段阐述其弊端，④段总结观点，划分方式为①/②③/④。 5．全文围绕社交媒体给人们生活带来的正面、负面影响展开。 Passage 3 （25-26初二上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 During the eight-day National Day holiday, more foreign visitors came to China. They enjoyed using Chinese mobile payment tools like Alipay and WeChat Pay. To make travel easier, China also made it easier to get visas (签证) and tax refunds (退税). Experts said China’s digital payment technologies helped tourism and the economy (经济). Data from Alipay showed that foreign tourists spent nearly 40% more than last year. Many visitors used Alipay’s “Tap to Pay” for quick payments without touching the machine. The number of this kind of payment grew very fast. Popular spending areas included dining, tourism, shopping, and transportation. With the help of the government, Alipay worked with tax refund organizations to offer easy tax refund services in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, making tourists more willing to spend. In Beijing, the sales in the duty-free (免税) shops went over 22 million yuan during the holiday. This number was double last year’s. China is also making it easier for foreigners to pay. They can now use their international bank cards on Alipay and WeChat Pay. Hong Yang, an expert, said that digital payments and easier visa attracted more foreign tourists. He also said, “Mobile payment makes paying easier and faster, and gives people a better experience.” The holiday spending showed the strong vitality (活力) of China’s consumer market. It not only helps business but also makes the country more connected and open to the world. 1．What happened during the National Day holiday? A．More foreigners visited China. B．Using new payment tools. C．Getting a visa became harder. D．There were no tax refunds. 2．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．What tourists bought during the holiday. B．Digital payment hurt the economy. C．The reasons why foreign visitors use Alipay. D．Tourists spent more and used new payment methods. 3．What was the sales of the duty-free shops in Beijing last National Day holiday? A．44 million. B．22 million. C．11 million. D．5.5 million. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned? A．Foreigners can use Alipay with their bank cards. B．China will create new payment apps for tourists. C．Mobile payment improved the shopping experience. D．The holiday spending helped business growth in China. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A science fiction novel. C．A book review. D．A news report. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了国庆假期期间中国通过优化签证、退税和移动支付服务吸引更多外国游客，带动旅游消费和经济活力，并展示了数字支付在提升游客体验方面的作用。 【详解】1．第一段开头明确指出：“During the eight-day National Day holiday, more foreign visitors came to China.”，说明国庆期间有更多外国游客来访。 2．第二段主要围绕外国游客的消费增长和新支付方式的使用展开，首句提到“foreign tourists spent nearly 40% more than last year”，后文又提到“many visitors used Alipay’s ‘Tap to Pay’”，综合可知本段讲的是游客消费更多并使用了新的支付方式。 3．第三段提到：“In Beijing, the sales in the duty-free shops went over 22 million yuan during the holiday. This number was double last year’s.”，即今年销售额超2200万，是去年的两倍，因此去年为1100万。 4．第四段提到“They can now use their international bank cards on Alipay and WeChat Pay”（A项）、第四段提到“Mobile payment makes paying easier and faster, and gives people a better experience”（C项）、最后一段提到“It not only helps business”（D项）。文中并未提到“中国将为游客创建新的支付应用”，因此B项未提及。 5．全文围绕国庆期间外国游客、支付政策、消费数据等时事内容展开，语言客观、数据具体，属于新闻报道风格，因此最可能出自“a news report”。 Passage 4 Do you know how smartphones (智能手机) answer questions or robots play games? It’s so cool to see your phone give quick answers to your questions or watch a robot win a video game! AI (人工智能) and AI trainers (训练师) help make these things happen! AI trainers are like teachers for computers. Their job is to teach AI to think and learn, just like your teachers help you learn math and English. AI trainers work hard to make AI smarter day by day, and this smart AI makes people’s lives easier, such as when your phone helps you find a way home or a robot cleans your room. Let’s learn about how AI trainers do their work. First, they collect lots of information for AI. For example, if AI trainers want AI to learn about animals, they will collect thousands of animal pictures — from cute cats and playful dogs to colorful birds and big elephants. Then, they teach AI the differences between these animals, so it can recognize (识别) different animals quickly and accurately (准确地). After that, AI trainers test AI to see if it learns correctly. If AI makes a mistake, AI trainers will go back and teach it again. If you’re interested in becoming an AI trainer in the future, you need to study math and science hard in school. These help you understand how machines work and “think”! You can also try fun coding (编程) games to learn how to “talk” to machines. Maybe you can become an AI trainer to do more amazing new things one day! 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using numbers. B．By asking a question. C．By telling a story. D．By showing a picture. 2．What are AI trainers like? A．They are like teachers for computers. B．They are like parents for children. C．They are like classmates for students. D．They are like friends for animals. 3．Which is the correct order of AI trainers’ work according to Paragraph 3? ①testing AI    ②collecting information    ③teaching AI the differences A．③②① B．①②③ C．①③② D．②③① 4．What does the underlined word “These” refer to? A．Math and science. B．Math and English. C．Animal pictures. D．Code games. 5．Why did the writer write the text? A．To show people the history of AI trainers. B．To tell people the future of AI trainers. C．To introduce a new job to people. D．To teach people how to ask AI trainers for help. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍AI训练师这一新职业，包括他们的工作内容、工作方式以及如何成为AI训练师。 【详解】1．根据第一段开头“Do you know how smartphones answer questions or robots play games?”可知，作者以提问的方式开始全文，引出AI训练师的话题。 2．根据第二段“AI trainers are like teachers for computers.”可知，AI训练师就像电脑的老师。 3．根据第三段“First, they collect lots of information for AI.”“Then, they teach AI the differences between these animals...”“After that, AI trainers test AI to see if it learns correctly.”可知，工作顺序依次是收集信息、教AI区别、测试AI，即②③①。 4．根据第四段“you need to study math and science hard in school. These help you understand how machines work and ‘think’!”可知，These指代前一句中的math and science。 5．根据全文内容，第一段引出AI训练师，第二段介绍其工作性质，第三段介绍工作步骤，第四段建议如何成为AI训练师，整体目的是向读者介绍这一新职业。 Passage 5 Have you ever thought about life without the Internet? For most teenagers today, it is hard to imagine. The Internet has changed the way we learn, communicate, and entertain ourselves. But is it really a good thing? On the positive side, the Internet makes learning much easier than before. Students can find information for their homework in seconds. Online courses allow people to learn new skills at home. Social media helps us stay connected with friends and family who live far away. Mobile payment, online shopping, and smart city services have made our daily lives more convenient than ever. However, the Internet also brings negative effects. Many teenagers spend too much time on social media and online games. This can lead to poor grades and health problems. Cyberbullying is another serious issue—some people use the Internet to hurt others with hurtful words. Moreover, not all information online is true. Fake news can spread quickly and mislead people. The key is to use the Internet wisely. Set a time limit for screen time, think critically about what you read online, and always be kind to others on the Internet. The Internet is a powerful tool, but only if we use it properly. 1．What makes learning easier according to the passage? A．Teachers. B．The Internet. C．Libraries. D．Textbooks. 2．What does the underlined word “cyberbullying” mean? A．网络购物 B．网络霸凌 C．网络安全 D．网络课程 3．Which is NOT mentioned as a negative effect of the Internet? A．Poor grades. B．Health problems. C．High cost. D．Fake news. 4．What does the writer suggest about screen time? A．No limit is needed. B．Set a time limit. C．Use the Internet all day. D．Only use it for homework. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The Internet is always harmful. B．The Internet is only beneficial. C．The Internet has both pros and cons. D．We should stop using the Internet. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文探讨了互联网对青少年的影响，包含便利学习与生活等益处，也涉及成绩下降、健康问题及网络霸凌等弊端，最后提出明智使用互联网的建议。 【详解】1．根据第二段中“On the positive side, the Internet makes learning much easier than before.”可知，互联网使学习变得更容易。 2．根据第三段中“Cyberbullying is another serious issue — some people use the Internet to hurt others with hurtful words.”可知，“Cyberbullying”指有人通过互联网用伤人的言语伤害他人，对应含义为网络霸凌。 3．根据第三段中“This can lead to poor grades and health problems.”及“Fake news can spread quickly and mislead people.”可知，互联网的负面影响包括成绩差、健康问题、虚假消息等，并未提到高成本这一内容。 4．根据第四段中“Set a time limit for screen time”可知，作者建议设定屏幕使用时间限制。 5．文章分别阐述了互联网的积极作用与负面影响，说明互联网同时存在优缺点。 Passage 6 Everyone is talking about artificial intelligence (AI) these days. Have you ever dreamed of using AI to help with your studies? Well, don’t just dream about it. The “AI-powered study rooms” that are popping up all over the country promise to do just that. Once you sign up, you’ll get a tablet (平板电脑) with “AI apps”. These apps will “create personalised study plans” and “tailor exercises based on your progress” to help you learn more effectively. These study rooms also claim (声称) that their services are more affordable (价格合理的) than traditional tutors (家教). The tablet, along with the first month of tutoring, usually costs 5,000 yuan. After that, it’s about 2,000 yuan per month. Don’t these promises sound tempting? But hold your horses! You’d better finish reading this article before asking your parents to pay the money. Many parents who have signed their children up for these “AI-powered study rooms” are far from impressed. The “AI apps” don’t live up to their promises. They just spot mistakes and offer repetitive exercises. On top of that, students basically follow pre-recorded lessons. “These so-called ‘AI-powered study rooms’ are more of a scam than a real display of new technologies,” some parents complain. Don’t feel discouraged, though. Your dream of learning with AI is still alive. There is just no need for you to spend a fortune on a paid “study room” to jump on the AI bandwagon. From Moonshot AI to DeepSeek, many companies offer their AI chatbots for free. You can use them to help with your studies right at home. The key is to learn how to use them wisely. Asking AI to do all the exercises in the school assignments for you simply isn’t the way to go! Instead, you could ask for clearer and more detailed explanations if you’re confused about something in class. You could also share some English sentences or compositions with an AI chatbot and ask it to point out any mistakes. It could even give you some exercises to help you improve. It will take some time and practice to become a smart AI user, but that effort will serve you better than just sitting in an “AI-powered study room”. 1．“AI-powered study rooms” promise to ________. A．replace schoolteachers B．offer free online courses C．help students learn better D．show students how to use AI 2．Mr. Yang would like to sign his son up for an “AI-powered study room”. He should prepare ________ yuan for the first six months of service. A．12,000 B．13,000 C．15,000 D．17,000 3．Why do some parents complain about “AI-powered study rooms”? A．Because their services are too expensive. B．Because they don’t really offer personalised tutoring. C．Because students are actually taught by human teachers. D．Because their “AI apps” provide only very basic lessons. 4．The author suggests students ________. A．study using their own tablets B．hire a traditional human tutor C．study with free AI chatbots at home D．forget about their dream of studying with AI 5．Students should avoid asking AI chatbots to ________. A．explain difficult topics B．correct their compositions C．offer targeted exercises D．complete their homework 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍AI学习机房的宣传、存在的弊端以及作者建议学生免费在家使用AI聊天工具学习。 【详解】1．根据第三段中“These apps will ‘create personalised study plans’ and ‘tailor exercises based on your progress’ to help you learn more effectively.”可知，AI学习机房承诺帮助学生学得更好。 2．根据第三段中“The tablet, along with the first month of tutoring, usually costs 5,000 yuan. After that, it’s about 2,000 yuan per month.”可知，首月5000元，后面每个月2000元，6个月总费用：5000+2000×5=15000元。 3．根据第五段中“The ‘AI apps’ don’t live up to their promises. They just spot mistakes and offer repetitive exercises…students basically follow pre‑recorded lessons.”可知，家长抱怨的原因是它并没有真正提供个性化辅导。 4．根据第七段中“many companies offer their AI chatbots for free. You can use them to help with your studies right at home.”可知，作者建议学生在家使用免费的AI聊天机器人学习。 5．根据第七段中“Asking AI to do all the exercises in the school assignments for you simply isn’t the way to go!”可知，学生应当避免让AI聊天机器人完成家庭作业。 话题4 发明（共4篇） Passage 1 Recently, Cassie, a bipedal (双足行走的) robot, ran 100 metres with no falls in 24.73 seconds. It set a Guinness World Record for the fastest 100-metre run by a bipedal robot. That’s much slower than a human, but it is a big step in the development of robotics and engineering. What’s more, Cassie ran the challenge with no cameras or external sensors (外部传感器). It means the robot was blind to its environment. Cassie was developed by engineers at Oregon State University (OSU). Since its introduction in 2017, Cassie has continued to make progress. In 2021, it completed a 5-kilometre run in just over 53 minutes. Cassie’s creators said that running wasn’t actually the hardest part of the challenge, but getting the robot to start and stop. “Starting and stopping in a standing position is more difficult than the running part, similar to how taking off and landing are harder than actually flying a plane,” said Alan Fern from OSU. Cassie is not the fastest legged robot. WildCat, a four-legged robot, can run at a speed of 16 miles an hour. And another four-legged robot, Mini Cheetah, can run at a speed of 9 miles an hour. “Cassie may be the first bipedal robot to learn to run, but it won’t be the last,” said Jonathan Hurst from OSU. “I think the progress is going to accelerate from here.” 1．Alan Fern explained the hardest part of Cassie’s challenging run by ________. A．telling a story B．asking a question C．making a comparison D．giving a suggestion 2．What do Cassie, WildCat, and Mini Cheetah have in common? A．All of them can run. B．All of them have two legs. C．All of them can do the same job. D．All of them have external sensors. 3．The underlined word “accelerate” probably means“________”. A．go more slowly B．go faster C．come to an end D．come to a stop 4．What can we infer from Jonathan Hurst’s words in the last paragraph? A．Cassie needs to be improved. B．He plans to help Cassie run faster. C．It was not easy for Cassie to learn to run. D．There will be more bipedal robots in the future. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．A Bipedal Robot B．A Challenging Run C．The Future of Robots D．Legged Robots in History 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了双足机器人Cassie百米奔跑创下吉尼斯世界纪录，讲解其技术难点，对比其他足式机器人，并展望双足机器人未来的发展前景。 【详解】1．第三段明确指出：“Starting and stopping in a standing position is more difficult than the running part, similar to how taking off and landing are harder than actually flying a plane”，说明是把机器人启停和飞机起降进行类比，使用了作对比的说明方法。 2．第一段指出：“Cassie, a bipedal robot, ran 100 metres with no falls in 24.73 seconds”；第四段指出：“WildCat, a four-legged robot, can run at a speed of 16 miles an hour. And another four-legged robot, Mini Cheetah, can run at a speed of 9 miles an hour”，文中介绍这三个机器人都具备奔跑能力。Wild Cat与Mini Cheetah是四足机器人；文中没有提到它们做相同工作；Cassie没有外部传感器。 3．最后一段指出：“Cassie may be the first bipedal robot to learn to run, but it won’t be the last”，Cassie只是第一个，不会是最后一个，说明后续机器人技术的进步会加速、变得更快，因此accelerate意为“加速”，对应go faster。 4．最后一段指出：“Cassie may be the first bipedal robot to learn to run, but it won’t be the last”，说明未来将会出现更多能奔跑的双足机器人。 5．全文围绕双足机器人Cassie展开。第一段介绍了Cassie创造百米吉尼斯世界纪录；第二段介绍Cassie的研发团队以及它此前取得的成绩；第三段介绍本次跑步挑战的技术难点；第四段将Cassie与其他足式机器人进行对比；文末展望双足机器人的发展前景。 Passage 2 The Four Great Inventions of ancient China—the compass, gunpowder, paper-making, and printing—are among the most valuable inventions in human history. These great creations not only changed people’s lives inside China, but also greatly influenced the development of the whole world. Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before paper appeared, ancient Chinese wrote words on heavy bamboo strips or expensive silk. Such materials were difficult to carry and too costly for common people. Cai Lun found a new way to make paper with tree bark, waste cloth and fishing nets. This method cut costs greatly. The technology spread to Arab regions in the 8th century and finally reached Europe in the 12th century. Printing was another amazing breakthrough. Bi Sheng created movable type printing in the Song Dynasty. Unlike block printing, which carved a whole page onto one wooden board, movable type used separate character blocks that people could rearrange freely. This way made printing faster and more flexible. Centuries later, Gutenberg from Europe improved printing technology and invented the modern printing press, which accelerated the spread of knowledge across Europe. These technologies travelled to other continents through ancient trade and cultural communication. They helped knowledge spread widely, improved global communication and connected different ancient civilisations. Without these inventions, the progress of human society would be much slower. 1．Which of the following belongs to the Four Great Inventions of ancient China? A．Compass, telescope, paper, pen B．Compass, gunpowder, paper-making, printing C．Compass, electricity, paper, wheel D．Compass, telephone, paper-making, printing 2．What disadvantages did bamboo strips and silk have before paper was invented? A．They were light and cheap. B．They were heavy or expensive. C．They were easy to produce. D．They could be used everywhere. 3．What advantage did Bi Sheng’s movable type printing have compared with block printing? A．It needed bigger wooden boards. B．It used separate characters which could be rearranged. C．It could print more colourful pictures. D．It was invented by a European. 4．What does the underlined word “flexible” mean in the passage? A．expensive B．changeable and convenient (灵活的) C．difficult D．beautiful 5．What can we infer from the whole passage? A．Chinese ancient inventions only influenced Asia. B．The Four Great Inventions pushed global development. C．Paper-making first spread to Europe in the 8th century. D．Gutenberg invented movable type printing. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国古代四大发明——指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，重点讲述了造纸术和印刷术的改进与传播，以及它们对世界文明发展的重大影响。 【详解】1．原文第1段第1句“The Four Great Inventions of ancient China—the compass, gunpowder, paper-making, and printing...”直接列出四大发明分别是指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术，对应选项B。 2．原文第2段第2句“Before paper appeared, ancient Chinese wrote words on heavy bamboo strips or expensive silk.”直接指出，竹简重和丝绸昂贵的缺点，对应选项B。 3．原文第3段第3句“Unlike block printing… movable type used separate character blocks that people could rearrange freely. ”说明活字印刷使用独立字块，可以自由重新排列，对应选项B。选项A和C原文未提及；选项D错误，毕昇是中国人。 4．原文第3段第4句 “This way made printing faster and more flexible”，前文提到活字可以自由重组，所以印刷方式更加灵活，“flexible” 含义为“可改变、方便灵活”，对应选项B。A“昂贵的”；C“困难的”；D“美丽的”，均不符合原文内容。 5．原文“These great creations not only changed people’s lives inside China, but also greatly influenced the development of the whole world.”“Without these inventions, the progress of human society would be much slower.”可推知，四大发明推动了全球发展，对应选项B。A错，不只影响亚洲，影响全世界；C错，8世纪传到阿拉伯地区，12世纪才到欧洲；D错，古腾堡改进印刷技术，不是发明活字印刷。 Passage 3 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is changing the way we make things. Unlike traditional manufacturing that cuts or moulds materials into shapes, a 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from a digital design. This technique makes it possible to create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot produce. A 3D printer works by heating material—usually plastic or metal—and pressing it through a small nozzle. The printer follows a digital design and adds material one layer at a time. Large amounts of materials can be saved because 3D printing only uses what is needed. This is much better than traditional methods that often waste a lot of material. 3D printing is becoming more and more popular in many fields. In medicine, 3D printers can create custom prosthetics (假肢) that fit each patient perfectly. In construction, some companies are using large 3D printers to build houses in just a few days. In education, students can design and print their own models, which helps them understand invention and design better. Although 3D printers are not as cheap as regular printers yet, they are improving quickly. Some experts predict that every home will have a 3D printer in the future, just as most homes have a regular printer today. Without doubt, 3D printing is one of the best new technologies for manufacturing, and its benefits are far greater than we can imagine. 1．How does a 3D printer build objects? A．By cutting materials. B．By moulding materials. C．By adding material layer by layer. D．By pressing materials into shapes. 2．What materials can a 3D printer use? A．Only plastic. B．Only metal. C．Plastic and metal. D．Only paper. 3．Why is 3D printing better than traditional manufacturing in saving material? A．It uses cheaper materials. B．It only uses what is needed. C．It produces more objects. D．It works faster. 4．What can 3D printers create in medicine? A．Regular books. B．Custom prosthetics. C．Houses. D．Cars. 5．What do experts predict about the future of 3D printing? A．No one will use it. B．Only factories will have 3D printers. C．Every home will have a 3D printer. D．3D printers will replace all machines. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍3D打印技术，包括它的工作原理、使用材料、节约材料的优势、在多个领域的应用以及专家对它未来的预测。 【详解】1．第一段“a 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from a digital design.”明确3D打印机是通过逐层叠加材料制作物品的。 2．第二段“A 3D printer works by heating material—usually plastic or metal—and pressing it through a small nozzle.”指出3D打印机通常使用的材料是塑料和金属。 3．第二段“Large amounts of materials can be saved because 3D printing only uses what is needed.”直接点明3D打印更省材料的原因是仅使用实际需要的材料。 4．第三段“In medicine, 3D printers can create custom prosthetics (假肢) that fit each patient perfectly.”指出3D打印在医疗领域可制作定制假肢。 5．最后一段“Some experts predict that every home will have a 3D printer in the future, just as most homes have a regular printer today.”指出专家预测未来每个家庭都会配备3D打印机。 Passage 4 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Sharks are fast hunters, and their skin is a big reason why. Scientists often learn from nature. By studying shark skin, they turned careful observations (观察) into useful inventions. Shark skin has a special design. It is covered with millions of tiny, hard skin pieces. These pieces look like small teeth and line up from head to tail. Such tiny lines guide water, allowing it to move more smoothly. The same pattern also keeps tiny sea animals from sticking, so the skin stays cleaner. Thanks to this design, sharks can swim faster and use less energy. People used this idea to make better swimsuits. In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers such as Dietrich closely studied shark skin. Years later, they worked with the company Speedo and made the Fastskin swimsuit. The suit’s cloth (布料) has tiny, tooth-shaped lines that successfully copy shark skin. At the 2000 Sydney Olympics, swimmers wearing Fastskin won about 83% of the medals. Engineers used the same idea on ships. Sea life can build up on the bottom of ships, slowing them down and wasting fuel (燃料). To fix this, they put special coatings (涂层) with tiny patterns like shark skin on the bottom. With fewer sea creatures sticking there, ships need less cleaning and use less fuel. That saves money and cuts pollution. From a fast fish to faster humans, shark skin shows that nature is a great teacher. When we keep exploring, watch closely, and test our ideas, we can turn wild clues into real inventions. 1．What can we learn about shark skin from paragraph 2? A．It has a common design. B．It slows the shark down. C．It makes water flow faster. D．It is covered by tiny sea animals. 2．Why does the writer mention (提及) the 2000 Sydney Olympics in paragraph 3? A．To report the event’s results. B．To praise the swimmers’ performance. C．To show the success of the Fastskin swimsuit. D．To compare swimmers from different countries. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．It explains why ships pollute the sea. B．It describes problems ships face at sea. C．It explains why engineers study shark skin. D．It shows how a shark-skin design improves the ships. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Shark Skin Makes Swimmers Faster B．Shark Skin Brings Better Swimsuits C．Shark Skin Inspires Great Inventions D．Shark Skin Solves Environmental Problems 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍鲨鱼皮肤独特的结构特点，人类从中获得灵感，研发出快皮泳衣与船舶特殊涂层，说明大自然能够启发人类发明创造。 【详解】1．原文第二段“Such tiny lines guide water, allowing it to move more smoothly.”，这句话说明鲨鱼皮肤的细小纹路引导水流，让水流动更顺畅。 2．原文第三段“At the 2000 Sydney Olympics, swimmers wearing Fastskin won about 83% of the medals.”，作者举悉尼奥运会的例子，用来证明Fastskin泳衣的成功。 3．原文第四段“Engineers used the same idea on ships.”，本段介绍工程师把鲨鱼皮的设计用在船底，改善船舶性能。 4．文章第一段总起，点明研究鲨鱼皮可以催生实用发明；第二段介绍鲨鱼皮的特殊结构与作用原理，第三、四段分别介绍鲨鱼皮结构在泳衣、船舶领域的应用，二者同属仿生应用部分，为并列关系；第五段总结全文，点明自然是人类的老师，观察与探索能带来发明。整体为总-分-总结构，分述部分分为两大板块，第二板块包含三、四两个段落，对应选项B的结构。 5．全文围绕鲨鱼皮的仿生应用展开，介绍了鲨鱼皮的结构启发了多个领域的实用发明，核心是鲨鱼皮为人类带来了诸多发明灵感，因此“Shark Skin Inspires Great Inventions”最适合作为文章标题。 文章主要介绍了2026年《大英百科全书》对OpenAI提起版权诉讼的事件，讨论了AI训练数据使用中的版权问题和这一案件对未来AI发展的潜在影响。 【新素材·版权诉讼】In 2026, Encyclopedia Britannica took legal action against OpenAI, filing a copyright lawsuit in New York federal court. The lawsuit claims that OpenAI copied nearly 100,000 articles and dictionary entries from Britannica to train ChatGPT without permission. Britannica argues that ChatGPT frequently reproduces its content with striking similarity. The lawsuit goes beyond simple copying claims. Britannica also raises trademark concerns, saying that when ChatGPT references the Britannica name while generating questionable information, it damages their century-old reputation for accuracy. “When AI systems cite our name while generating wrong information, it harms our reputation,” a Britannica spokesperson explained. Legal outcomes have been mixed around the world. In 2025, a German court ruled that OpenAI had violated copyright by reproducing song lyrics in its output. However, courts in some other countries have been more cautious, saying that AI training on publicly available data may fall under “fair use” rules. This case is being closely watched because it could set an important precedent for how copyright law applies to AI. As more content creators take AI companies to court, the balance between technological innovation and intellectual property protection remains a key challenge for the future. 1．What is the main reason Britannica is suing OpenAI? A．OpenAI stole Britannica’s physical books. B．OpenAI used Britannica's content to train ChatGPT without permission. C．OpenAI copied Britannica's website design. D．Britannica wants to buy OpenAI. 2．What additional concern does Britannica raise besides copying? A．OpenAI is too expensive. B．AI-generated content referencing Britannica may damage its reputation. C．Britannica wants to create its own AI. D．ChatGPT is more popular than Britannica. 3．What was the result of the German court case mentioned in the passage? A．OpenAI was found guilty of copyright violation. B．The court supported OpenAI completely. C．The case was dismissed. D．OpenAI was fined but allowed to continue. 4．What does the underlined phrase “fair use” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．Using others’ work for any purpose without limits. B．Using copyrighted material in a way that is considered reasonable and legal. C．Only using free content on the Internet. D．Paying for all content before using it. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards the conflict between AI and copyright? A．AI companies are completely wrong. B．Copyright holders are being unreasonable. C．The balance between innovation and intellectual property protection is a key challenge. D．Copyright law should not apply to AI. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2026年《大英百科全书》对OpenAI提起版权诉讼的事件，讨论了AI训练数据使用中的版权问题和这一案件对未来AI发展的潜在影响。 【详解】1．第一段“The lawsuit claims that OpenAI copied nearly 100,000 articles and dictionary entries from Britannica to train ChatGPT without permission.”，明确说明起诉的主要原因是OpenAI未经许可使用其内容训练ChatGPT。 2．第二段“Britannica also raises trademark concerns, saying that when ChatGPT references the Britannica name while generating questionable information, it damages their century-old reputation for accuracy.”，明确说明除复制外，大英百科全书还担心ChatGPT引用其名称生成错误信息会损害其声誉。 3．第三段“In 2025, a German court ruled that OpenAI had violated copyright by reproducing song lyrics in its output.”，明确说明德国法院裁定OpenAI侵犯了版权。 4．第三段“AI training on publicly available data may fall under ‘fair use’ rules.”，结合法律语境，“fair use”意为“合理使用”，指在合理且合法的范围内使用受版权保护的材料。 5．最后一段“the balance between technological innovation and intellectual property protection remains a key challenge for the future.”，明确说明作者认为平衡技术创新与知识产权保护是一个关键挑战。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $