考前押题02 语法选择（期中专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材沪教版

考前押题02 语法选择 话题1 百科 话题2 数字与寓言（常考点） 话题3 智能与科技 话题4 发明（难点） ① 通读全文，把握大意； ② 逐句分析，结合语境与语法； ③ 代入验证，连贯通读。 话题1 百科（共1篇） Passage 1 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever been to Egypt (埃及)? If you visit the country, you will find many big attractions like pyramids (金字塔). They are one of 1 buildings in the world. Today, people look at them and ask, “Who built 2 ? Why? When? What is inside?” 3 years ago, some kings of Egypt wanted something to make people remember them, so they ordered their men 4 the pyramids. The idea worked and pyramids 5 . Some pyramids are old. 6 are large. For example, the Pyramid of Khufu is over 146 metres high and is made 7 2,300,000 stones. 8 of the stones are much taller than a person. Over 10,000 workers spent about 20 years 9 the pyramid. As one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Pyramid of Khufu has become 10 famous place of interest. Every year, visitors from all over the world 11 to visit it and they 12 look at the view from its bottom. How did ancient people build the pyramids? How did they carry and lift up the large stones? The stones fit (吻合) one another so well, 13 the people at that time didn’t have modern machines at all! Now scientists 14 hard to study the pyramids. However, 15 knows how ancient people built them. 1．A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 2．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 3．A．Thousands B．Thousand C．Thousands of D．Thousand of 4．A．built B．to build C．building D．build 5．A．appear B．appears C．appeared D．will appear 6．A．Another B．Other C．The other D．Others 7．A．on B．by C．of D．in 8．A．Little B．Less C．Most D．Much 9．A．complete B．completed C．to complete D．completing 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 11．A．came B．come C．comes D．are coming 12．A．can B．need C．should D．must 13．A．so B．if C．but D．because 14．A．are working B．works C．worked D．have worked 15．A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了埃及金字塔的历史以及科学家们对它的研究。 【详解】1．句意：它们是世界上最大的建筑之一。 big大的；bigger较大的；biggest最大的；the biggest；最大的。根据“one of...”可知，表示“最…之一”，需用最高级且加定冠词the。故选D。 2．句意：它们是谁建造的？ they他/她/它们，人称代词主格；them他/她/它们，人称代词宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。本句中的“built”是动词，其后接代词的宾格形式“them”作宾语，指代前文提到的金字塔。故选B。 3．句意：数千年前，埃及的一些国王想要（留下）一些东西让人们记住他们，于是他们命令手下的人建造金字塔。 Thousands千，复数形式；Thousand千；Thousands of数以千计的；Thousand of搭配错误。根据“...years ago”可知，是数千年前。故选C。 4．句意：数千年前，埃及的一些国王想要（留下）一些东西让人们记住他们，于是他们命令手下的人建造金字塔。 built建造，过去式或过去分词；to build去建造，动词不定式；building建造，现在分词或动名词；build建造，动词原形。order sb to do sth“命令某人做某事”，固定用法，因此用不定式形式。故选B。 5．句意：这个想法奏效了，金字塔出现了。 appear出现，动词原形；appears出现，三单形式；appeared出现，过去式；will appear将会出现，一般将来时。根据“worked”可知，前后时态保持一致，应用过去式。故选C。 6．句意：另外一些是大的。 Another三者及以上中的另一个；Other其他的；The other两者中的另一个；Others其他人/物。some...others...是固定搭配，意为“一些……另一些……”，others是代词，可单独作主语。故选D。 7．句意：比如，胡夫金字塔高逾146米，由230万块石头建成。 on在……上面；by通过；of……的；in在……里面。be made of是固定短语，意为“由……制成”，此处表示金字塔由石头制成。故选C。 8．句意：大多数石头比一个人还要高很多。 Little少量的；Less更少的；Most大多数的；Much许多。most of + 可数名词复数“表示“大多数的……”，此处修饰stones。故选C。 9．句意：一万多名工人花了约20年才建成这座金字塔。 complete完成，动词原形；completed完成，过去式或过去分词；to complete去完成，动词不定式；completing完成，动名词或现在分词。spend some time (in)doing sth“花时间做某事，固定用法，因此用动名词形式。故选D。 10．句意：作为古代世界七大奇迹之一，胡夫金字塔成了著名景点。 a是不定冠词，泛指，常用在辅音音素开头的单词之前；an是不定冠词，泛指，常用在元音音素开头的单词之前；the是定冠词，特指； /零冠词。根据“famous”可知，是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填不定冠词a。故选A。 11．句意：每年有来自全球的游客前来参观。他们能从金字塔的底部欣赏美景。 came来，过去式；come来，动词原形；comes来，三单形式；are coming正在来，现在进行时。根据“Every year”可知时态是一般现在时，主语visitors表示复数，动词要用原形。故选B。 12．句意：每年有来自全球的游客前来参观。他们能从金字塔的底部欣赏美景。 can可以；need需要；should应该；must一定。根据“they.. look at the view from its bottom.”可知，是可以看见。故选A。 13．句意：这些石头彼此契合得非常好，可当时的人们根本没有现代机械啊！ so因此；if如果；but但是；because因为。根据“The stones fit (吻合) one another so well... the people at that time didn’t have modern machines at all!”可知，前后两句具有转折的意思。故选C。 14．句意：现在科学家们正努力研究金字塔。 are working现在进行时；works动词三单；worked过去式；have worked现在完成时。根据“Now”可知，此处时态为现在进行时。故选A。 15．句意：然而，没有人知道古人是如何建立起它们的。 somebody某人；anybody任何人；everybody每个人；nobody没有人。根据上文提到现在科学家们正在努力研究金字塔，以及全文的描述，可知设空处填“没有人”符合句意。故选D。 第1小题，看到 one of 就要条件反射找最高级，且最高级前必须加 the。很多同学只选了 C (biggest) 而漏选 D (the biggest)，切记“最高级前加 the”是铁律。 话题2数字与寓言（共4篇） Passage 1 There once lived in China a very foolish king and queen. One day the queen had 1 baby daughter. When they 2 their baby, they both cried out, “My goodness! 3 it is! It’s hairless and toothless! It’s a monster (怪兽)!” They sent for (请) all the doctors in the country and ordered them to prepare some medicine for her. “When she 4 your medicine, she must grow to the right size and have hair and teeth,” the king said to the doctors, “If you don’t do this, I’ll kill you.” The doctors thought it impossible, but they couldn’t say 5 against the king’s order. Just then, one of 6 came up with an idea. “Oh, we shall certainly follow your advice,” he said, “but it takes time. We have to dig for something to make 7 medicine from the Kunlun Mountains when the snow melts (融化) for the second time. The snow melts on those mountains only once in six years. So we need twelve years.” At last the king agreed and the doctors took away the little princess. On her 8 birthday, they brought her back to her parents 9 long black hair and beautiful teeth. The king and queen were very 10 and gave the doctors many expensive presents. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．see B．sees C．saw D．is seeing 3．A．What small B．How small C．What a small D．How a small 4．A．drink B．will drink C．drank D．drinks 5．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 6．A．older doctor B．the oldest doctor C．the older doctors D．the oldest doctors 7．A．a few B．a little C．few D．little 8．A．twelve B．twelfth C．the twelve D．the twelfth 9．A．for B．to C．with D．of 10．A．happier B．happiest C．happily D．happy 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个愚蠢的国王和王后嫌弃刚出生的公主，医生们用智慧拖延时间，最终让公主健康成长的故事。 【详解】1．句意：一天，王后生了一个小女儿。 根据“baby daughter”可知，此处泛指一个女儿，且baby以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2．句意：当他们看到他们的孩子时，他们都哭喊道。 根据语境可知，故事发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式saw。 3．句意：我的天哪！它多么小啊！ 根据“it is”并结合选项可知，中心词为形容词small，应用How引导感叹句，结构为“How+adj+主谓”。 4．句意：当她喝了你们的药，她必须长到合适的大小并且有头发和牙齿。 when引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语动词用drinks。 5．句意：医生们觉得这不可能，但是他们不能说任何违背国王命令的话。 根据“couldn’t”可知，否定句中表示“任何事”应用anything。something用于肯定句；nothing“没有事”；everything“一切”，均不符合。 6．句意：就在这时，其中一位最年长的医生想出了一个主意。 根据“one of”可知，其后接“the+最高级+名词复数”，故选the oldest doctors。 7．句意：当雪第二次融化时，我们必须从昆仑山上挖些东西来做一点药。 medicine为不可数名词，且表示肯定含义“一点”，应用a little。little 表否定，a few/few修饰可数名词复数。 8．句意：在她十二岁生日那天，他们把她带回了父母身边，她长着长长的黑发和漂亮的牙齿。 根据“birthday”可知，应用序数词表示顺序，空格前有物主代词her，不再加定冠词 the，应填twelfth。 9．句意：在她十二岁生日那天，他们把她带回了父母身边，她长着长长的黑发和漂亮的牙齿。 根据“long black hair and beautiful teeth”可知，此处表示伴随状态，应用介词with表示“带有”。 10．句意：国王和王后非常高兴，给了医生们许多昂贵的礼物。 根据“were very”可知，系动词后接形容词原级happy作表语，无比较含义。 Passage 2 Once upon a time, in a small village, there was a young girl named Lila. Lila was known (出名的) 1 her very bad temper, and she often lost control of her anger. One day, Lila and her best friend Maya 2 a game when Lila suddenly fell down. Maya laughed, thinking Lila was just playful and that it didn’t hurt at all, but Lila thought Maya laughed at her. She felt embarrassed. Without thinking, she rudely called her names and 3 her away. Maya was hurt and didn’t understand why. She ran off crying. That night, Lila couldn’t sleep. She kept 4 about what she did to Maya. She knew she had to make things right, but she didn’t know how. The next day, Lila went into the forest and hoped to find a way 5 she could make up with Maya. She saw 6 wise old owl (猫头鹰) in a tree. “Hello, young girl,” the owl said. “What brings you here?” Lila explained (解释) her situation to him 7 . The owl said, “Anger can be helpful in encouraging us to take action, but it can also make us hurt 8 and others. The key is to control it.” The owl then gave Lila a small stone and asked her to carry it with her. He said, “When you feel angry, you 9 hold the stone and take three deep breaths.” It wasn’t easy at first, but with practice, Lila learned how to control her anger. She also said sorry to Maya and promised she would never let her anger hurt Maya again. Maya forgave her, and they became even 10 than before. 1．A．on B．for C．in D．with 2．A．were playing B．played C．are playing D．play 3．A．push B．to push C．pushed D．pushing 4．A．think B．to think C．thought D．thinking 5．A．until B．although C．so that D．if 6．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．A．sad B．thankful C．sadly D．thankfully 8．A．ours B．ourselves C．us D．we 9．A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．could 10．A．closer B．closest C．lonelier D．loneliest 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了女孩Lila因坏脾气伤害朋友，后在猫头鹰帮助下学会控制情绪、修复友谊的故事。 【详解】1．句意：Lila因她的坏脾气而出名，她经常控制不住自己的怒火。 固定搭配be known for，意为“因……而出名”，表示“因她的坏脾气而出名”，符合固定搭配与语境。 2．句意：一天，Lila和她最好的朋友Maya正在玩游戏，这时Lila突然摔倒了。 结合后文“when Lila suddenly fell down”可知，此处表示“过去某一时刻发生的动作”，主句需用过去进行时，应选用were playing，表示“Lila和Maya当时正在玩游戏”。 3．句意：她不假思索，粗鲁地骂了她，还把她推开了。 and连接两个并列的过去式动词，前半句为called，后半句也需用过去式，应选用pushed构成过去时的动作链，符合句子的时间线和语法结构。 4．句意：她一直想着自己对Maya做的事。 固定搭配keep doing sth，意为“持续做某事”，应选用thinking，表示“她一直想着自己对Maya做的事”，符合固定搭配。 5．句意：第二天，Lila走进森林，希望找到一个办法，能和Maya和好。 前半句“找办法”是后半句“和Maya和好”的目的，应选用so that，引导目的状语从句，符合逻辑关系。 6．句意：她看见树上有一只聪明的老猫头鹰。 第一次提到“一只聪明的老猫头鹰”，用不定冠词，且wise以辅音音素开头，应选用a。 7．句意：Lila难过地向他解释了自己的情况。 此处使用副词修饰动词；结合语境，Lila此时心情难过，应选用sadly，表示“她难过地向猫头鹰解释了自己的情况”。 8．句意：愤怒可以激励我们采取行动，但它也会让我们伤害自己和他人。 主语为us，对应的反身代词为ourselves，表示“伤害我们自己”。 9．句意：当你生气时，你可以握住石头，深呼吸三次。 此处表示猫头鹰给Lila的建议，表示“可以做某事”，应选用could，表示“当你生气时，你可以握住石头，深呼吸三次”，语气委婉，符合建议的语境。 10．句意：Maya原谅了她，她们变得比以前更亲密了。 even修饰比较级，结合语境，两人和好后关系比之前更亲密，应选用closer，符合比较级用法和语境。 Passage 3 What do you often do when you wait for a bus or a train at the station? Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would leave at five to 1 . At that time, there 2 many people waiting in the station. Tom looked around but there was no place for him 3 . Tom liked 4 coffee. So he walked into 5 coffee shop in the station. He looked up at that clock there. 6 was only twenty to twelve. He found a place and sat down before a large mirror (镜子) 7 the wall. Just then, Mike, one of Tom’s friends, came in and sat with Tom. “ 8 time is your bus?” asked Mike. “There’s plenty of time yet.” answered Tom. “Well, I 9 you more coffee then,” said Mike. They talked a lot 10 they drank coffee. Some time 11 , Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh! It’s going back!” he cried. “ 12 minutes ago, it was twenty to twelve and now it’s half past eleven.” “You’re looking 13 the clock in the mirror,” said Mike. Tom was so sad. He had to 14 for the next bus for another hour. 15 from then on, Tom didn’t like mirrors any more. 1．A．twelfth B．twelve C．the twelfth D．the twelve 2．A．are B．be C．were D．was 3．A．sit B．sitting C．to sitting D．to sit 4．A．drinking B．drank C．drunk D．drink 5．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 6．A．That B．This C．It D．These 7．A．on B．at C．to D．with 8．A．Which B．When C．How D．What 9．A．will get B．am getting C．got D．gets 10．A．where B．when C．who D．what 11．A．lately B．late C．later D．latest 12．A．Few B．A few C．A little D．Little 13．A．at B．in C．for D．by 14．A．wait B．waiting C．waited D．waits 15．A．But B．Because C．So D．If 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文讲述汤姆在车站等车时因看错镜子里的时间而错过巴士的故事。 【详解】1．句意：去巴黎的那班公交车将在十一点五十五分发车。 twelfth第十二；twelve十二；the twelfth第十二；the twelve错误表达。根据“five to...”可知，此处表示时间，应用基数词。故选B。 2．句意：当时，车站里有很多人正在等候。 are是；be动词原形；were是，过去式；was是，过去式。根据“At that time”可知，该句为一般过去时，主语是many people，be动词用were。故选C。 3．句意：汤姆环顾四周，却找不到可以坐下的地方。 sit坐，原形；sitting现在分词/动名词；to sitting介词+动名词；to sit动词不定式。no place for sb to do sth是常用结构，此处用动词不定式作定语。故选D。 4．句意：汤姆喜欢喝咖啡。 drinking喝，现在分词/动名词；drank动词过去式；drunk动词过去分词；drink动词原形。like doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，用于习惯性动作。故选A。 5．句意：于是他走进车站的一家咖啡店。 an用在元音音素开头的单词前；a用在辅音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；/零冠词。此处表示泛指，且coffee以辅音音素开头。故选B。 6．句意：当时还差二十分钟就十二点了。 That那；This这；It它；These这些。此处用“It”指代时间。故选C。 7．句意：他找了个位置坐下，面对着墙上的一面大镜子。 on在……上；at在（某地）；to朝；with有。此处表示镜子在墙上用介词on。故选A。 8．句意：迈克问：“你的公交车几点发车？” Which哪个；When何时；How如何；What什么。询问时间，应用疑问词组What time。故选D。 9．句意：迈克说：“那我再给你拿些咖啡。” will get一般将来时；are getting现在进行时表将来；got动词过去式；gets动词三单形式。根据“Well, I...you more coffee then,”可知，动作还未发生，此处应用一般将来时。故选A。 10．句意：他们一边喝咖啡一边聊得很起劲。 where在哪里；when当……时；who谁；what什么。此处表示两个动作同时发生，用when引导时间状语从句。故选B。 11．句意：过了一会儿，汤姆又看了看钟。 lately最近；late迟的；later之后；latest最新的。some time later表示“一段时间后”。故选C。 12．句意：几分钟前还是11:40，现在却是11:30。 Few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；A few一些，修饰可数名词复数；A little一点，修饰不可数名词；Little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。minutes为可数名词复数，且表示肯定。故选B。 13．句意：迈克说：“你看到的其实是镜子里的时钟。” at看；in在……里；for为了；by通过。根据“You’re looking...the clock in the mirror,”可知，此处是指看镜子里的钟，look at表示“看”，符合语境。故选A。 14．句意：他不得不再等一个小时才能等到下一班公交车。 wait等待，动词原形；waiting现在分词/动名词；waited动词过去式；waits动词三单形式。此处had to是have to的过去式，后接动词原形。故选A。 15．句意：所以从那以后，汤姆就再也不喜欢镜子了。 But但是；Because因为；So所以；If如果。前文“错过公交车”和后文“不喜欢镜子”是因果关系，应用So。故选C。 Passage 4 Chess is one of the oldest and most popular games in the world. It 1 by millions of people across the globe. The game 2 in India over 1,500 years ago and has changed greatly since then. What makes chess so special? One reason is that it 3 a deep connection with mathematics. A chessboard has 64 squares, and the number of possible games is 4 than the number of atoms in the universe! This is why chess is often 5 as a mathematical puzzle. In chess, each piece moves in a different 6 . The knight (马), for example, always moves in an “L” shape. This creates interesting patterns on the board. Scientists 7 that studying these patterns can help develop logical thinking. Today, computers play chess better 8 most humans. In 2024, the best chess AI won 9 every game against top human players. However, many people still prefer 10 chess the traditional way—face to face with a friend. 1．A．plays B．is played C．played D．was played 2．A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 3．A．has B．had C．is having D．have 4．A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest 5．A．described B．describing C．describes D．to describe 6．A．way B．road C．street D．path 7．A．believe B．believed C．are believing D．believes 8．A．as B．than C．to D．from 9．A．near B．nearly C．nearer D．nearest 10．A．play B．playing C．plays D．played 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了国际象棋的历史、与数学的联系、棋子走法及人工智能与人类对弈的现状。 【详解】1．句意：它被全球数百万人玩。 根据“by millions of people”，可知应用被动语态，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，is played符合语境；plays、played为主动语态，was played为一般过去时，均不符合。 2．句意：这款游戏在1500多年前于印度被发明，从那以后发生了很大的变化。 根据时间状语“over 1,500 years ago”可知，事情发生在过去，且游戏和invent之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动形式was invented；invents、invented是主动形式，is invented为一般现在时被动，均不符合。 3．句意：一个原因是它和数学有着很深的联系。 根据主语it指代chess，是第三人称单数，本句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，has符合语境；had为过去式，is having不能用于此处，have适用于复数主语，均不符合。 4．句意：一盘棋可能出现的对局数量比宇宙当中原子的数目还要多！ 根据提示词“than”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级larger；large是形容词原级，largest、the largest是形容词最高级，均不符合。 5．句意：这就是为什么象棋常被描述为数学谜题。 固定搭配“be described as”表示“被描述为”，此处需用过去分词described；describing是现在分词，describes是主动谓语，to describe是动词不定式，均不符合。 6．句意：在国际象棋中，每个棋子以不同的方式移动。 固定短语“in a different way”表示“以不同的方式”，way符合语境；road、street、path均表示实体的道路，均不符合。 7．句意：科学家相信研究这些模式有助于发展逻辑思维。 主语“Scientists”是复数，陈述客观看法用一般现在时，believe符合语境；believed是过去式，are believing时态用法错误，believes适用于单数主语，均不符合。 8．句意：如今，电脑下棋比大多数人类更好。 提示词“better”是比较级，后面需要用than引出比较对象；as、to、from不能用于比较结构，均不符合。 9．句意：2024年，最好的象棋AI 赢了几乎每一场对抗顶级人类选手的比赛。 根据“every game”，可知需用副词修饰表示程度，nearly表示“几乎，差不多”符合语境；near是方位形容词，nearer、nearest是比较级、最高级，均不符合。 10．句意：然而，许多人仍然更喜欢传统方式下棋。 固定搭配“prefer doing sth.”表示长期的爱好更喜欢做某事，动名词playing符合语境；play是动词原形，plays三单形式，played是过去式，均不符合。 话题3 智能与科技（共3篇） Passage 1 （24-25初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 We sometimes see robots in the movies about the future. They are usually like human servants. They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places. Today there are already robots working in factories. Some can help to build cars, and they do simple jobs over and over again. Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are 1 , but robots will never get bored. Now, scientists 2 to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do. Some robots in Japan can even walk and dance. They are fun to watch. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult 3 them really think like a human. For example, 4 scientist named James White thinks that robots will never 5 able to wake up and know where they are. But many scientists disagree with him. They think that robots can even talk like 6 in 25 to 50 years. Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future. However, they agree it may take 7 years. These new robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others 8 look like snakes. In India, for example, scientists made robots that look like snakes. 9 buildings fall down with people inside, these snake robots can help look for people under the buildings. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets 10 seemed impossible 100 years ago. We never know what will happen in the future! 1．A．bored B．boring C．more boring D．most boring 2．A．try B．will try C．are trying D．tried 3．A．make B．made C．making D．to make 4．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．A．about B．are C．is D．be 6．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 7．A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of 8．A．may B．should C．must D．need 9．A．Because B．If C．Before D．So 10．A．too B．either C．also D．neither 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了现在已经出现的机器人，以及未来机器人可能的样子。 【详解】1．句意：未来越来越少的人会做这样的工作，因为它们很无聊，但机器人永远不会感到无聊。 bored无聊的，修饰人；boring无聊的，修饰物；more boring更无聊的；most boring最无聊的。根据“Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are…,”可知，此处是指工作很无聊，应用boring修饰。故选B。 2．句意：现在，科学家们正试图让机器人看起来像人类，并做与我们相同的事情。 try努力，动词原形；will try努力，一般将来时；are trying努力，现在进行时；tried努力，过去式。根据“Now, scientists…to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do.”可知，此处为现在进行时。故选C。 3．句意：然而，一些科学家认为，虽然我们可以让机器人像人一样移动，但很难让它们真正像人一样思考。 make做，动词原形；made做，动词过去式；making做，动词现在分词；to make做，动词不定式。根据“it will be difficult…them really think like a human.”可知，此处为it的固定句型it’s difficult to do sth.“很难做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选D。 4．句意：例如，一位名叫詹姆斯·怀特的科学家认为机器人永远无法醒来并知道自己在哪里。 a一个，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的词前；an一个，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的词前；the这个/那个，特指；/零冠词。根据“For example,…scientist named James White”可知，此处泛指一名科学家，且scientist以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。 5．句意：例如，一位名叫詹姆斯·怀特的科学家认为机器人永远无法醒来并知道自己在哪里。 about关于；are是，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时；is是，主语为单数，时态为一般现在时；be是，动词原形。根据“James White thinks that robots will never…able to wake up and know where they are.”可知，此处为固定短语be able to“能够”，空前为will，应用动词原形。故选D。 6．句意：他们认为25到50年内机器人甚至可以像我们一样说话。 we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。根据“They think that robots can even talk like…in 25 to 50 years.”可知，空前为介词like，此处应用人称代词宾格us“我们”。故选B。 7．句意：然而，他们一致认为这可能需要数百年的时间。 hundred一百；hundreds复数形式；hundred of错误搭配；hundreds of数百以上的。根据“However, they agree it may take…years.”可知，此处是指需要数百年的时间，应用短语hundreds of表示。故选D。 8．句意：有些看起来像人类，有些可能看起来像蛇。 may可能；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“Some will look like humans, and others…look like snakes.”可知，此处是指可能像蛇。故选A。 9．句意：如果建筑物倒塌，里面有人，这些蛇机器人可以帮助寻找建筑物下的人。 Because因为；If如果；Before在……之前；So因此。根据“…buildings fall down with people inside,”可知，此处是指如果某种情况发生，用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 10．句意：这在20年前是不可能的，但计算机和火箭在100年前看起来也是不可能的。 too太；either任何一个；also也；neither两者都不。根据“but computers and rockets…seemed impossible 100 years ago.”可知，此处是指计算机和火箭在100年前看起来也是不可能的，表示强调。故选C。 Passage 2 Nowadays, students from different grades have a lot of subjects to learn in school. It is difficult for students to carry their schoolbags 1 because there are too many books in it. You can’t find a book quickly if all the books in your schoolbag are in a 2 . Don’t worry about that! It is lucky that now 3 e-textbook can help you. A lot of e-textbooks will be used in middle schools in China. E-textbooks are small computers for students to read. It is much 4 than a usual schoolbag and easy to carry. It is so small 5 it just looks like a book. But it 6 hold all the materials for students to study. More and more students prefer to read the text page by page on the screen, take notes 7 the pointer(屏幕笔), or even “hand in” homework to 8 teachers by sending e-mails. All they have to do is to press a button. People show different ideas about the usage of the e-textbooks. Some people say e-textbooks are good while 9 think they may be harmful to the students’ eyesight if students spend too much time 10 at the screen. What do you think of them? 1．A．easy B．easiest C．easier D．easily 2．A．messy B．mess C．messes D．messily 3．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 4．A．light B．lighter C．lightest D．lightly 5．A．if B．when C．that D．while 6．A．must B．should C．shall D．can 7．A．on B．of C．in D．with 8．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 9．A．other B．the other C．the others D．others 10．A．looking B．to look C．look D．looks 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了一种新型的课本——电子课本。 【详解】1．句意：学生们很难轻松地携带他们的书包，因为里面有太多的书。 easy形容词原级；easiest形容词最高级；easier形容词比较级；easily副词。此处在句中修饰动词carry，用副词形式，故选D。 2．句意：如果你书包里的书都乱成一团，你就不能很快找到一本书。 messy形容词；mess名词；messes名词复数；messily副词。in a mess“乱成一团”，固定短语，故选B。 3．句意：幸运的是，现在一本电子教科书可以帮助你。 an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指；/零冠词。此处泛指电子教科书，“e-textbook”首字母发元音音素，故选A。 4．句意：它比普通的书包要轻得多，便于携带。 light形容词原级；lighter形容词比较级；lightest形容词最高级；lightly副词。根据“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级，故选B。 5．句意：它太小了，看起来就像一本书。 if如果；when当……时；that以至于；while当……时。根据“It is so small...it just looks like a book.”可知，此处是so...that...结构，意为“如此……以致于……”，引导结果状语从句，故选C。 6．句意：但它可以容纳学生学习的所有材料。 must必须；should应该；shall将；can可以。此处强调能力，故选D。 7．句意：越来越多的学生喜欢在屏幕上一页页地阅读课文，用屏幕笔做笔记，甚至通过发电子邮件把作业“交给”老师。 on在上面；of……的；in在里面；with用。根据“take notes...the pointer”可知，用屏幕笔做笔记，with“用”符合语境，故选D。 8．句意：越来越多的学生喜欢在屏幕上一页页地阅读课文，用屏幕笔做笔记，甚至通过发电子邮件把作业“交给”老师。 they主格；them宾格；their形容词性物主代词；themselves反身代词。此处作定语修饰“teachers”，用形容词性物主代词，故选C。 9．句意：一些人认为电子书很好，而另一些人则认为如果学生花太多时间看屏幕，电子书可能会损害学生的视力。 other其他的；the other两者中的另一个；the others其余的；others其他人/物。此处在句中作主语，其后无需要修饰的名词，用others，故选D。 10．句意：一些人认为电子书很好，而另一些人则认为如果学生花太多时间看屏幕，电子书可能会损害学生的视力。 looking动名词/现在分词；to look动词不定式；look动词原形；looks动词三单。spend+时间+doing sth“花费时间做某事”，故选A。 Passage 3 Nowadays, smart learning is becoming more and more popular among students. It changes traditional learning ways and brings new chances for us 1 better. In the past, students could only learn knowledge from books and teachers in classrooms. It was hard for them 2 enough learning materials. But now, technology makes learning much 3 . There are many useful online platforms and videos. We can choose different learning resources 4 our study needs. Smart learning also helps us make personalized learning plans. Everyone has different learning problems. Through online tests, we can know 5 subjects we are weak in. Then we can spend more time 6 them. This method is much more effective 7 blind learning. However, smart learning has shortcomings. If we spend too much time 8 electronic devices, it will be bad for our eyes. Also, some students can’t control 9 and play games instead of studying. In short, we should make good use 10 smart learning tools and develop good learning habits. 1．A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 2．A．get B．getting C．to get D．got 3．A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 4．A．to match B．match C．matching D．matched 5．A．what B．how C．where D．when 6．A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved 7．A．then B．than C．as D．from 8．A．on B．in C．at D．for 9．A．them B．their C．themselves D．theirs 10．A．for B．of C．with D．to 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了智能学习的优势，如资源丰富、个性化计划，也指出其缺点，建议合理使用工具，养成学习习惯。 【详解】1．句意：它改变了传统的学习方式，为我们带来了更好的学习的新机会。 bring chances for sb. to do sth.是常用表达，意为“给某人带来做某事的机会”，此处需要用不定式to learn作后置定语。learn“学习”是动词原形；learning是动名词或动词的现在分词；learned是动词的过去式或过去分词。 2．句意：对他们来说获取足够的学习资料很难。 句子是固定句型“It is/was+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.”，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正主语用动词不定式充当。因此，此处用动词不定式to get。get“获得；得到”是动词原形；getting是动名词或动词的现在分词；got是动词的过去式。 3．句意：但现在，科技使学习变得容易得多。 much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，easier“更容易的”是比较级。easy“容易的”，是形容词原级；easiest“最容易的”，是最高级；the easiest是定冠词the加形容词最高级。 4．句意：我们可以选择不同的学习资源来匹配我们的学习需求。 根据句意“匹配我们的学习需求”在句中作目的状语，动词不定式作目的状语，to match“匹配”是不定式；match“匹配”是动词原形；matching是动名词或动词的现在分词；matched是动词的过去式或过去分词。 5．句意：通过在线测试，我们可以知道我们薄弱的是哪些科目。 此处用疑问代词what引导宾语从句，并充当介词in的宾语。排除疑问副词how“如何；怎么样”；where“哪里”和when“什么时候”。 6．句意：然后我们可以花更多时间改进它们。 spend time (in) doing sth.的固定结构，意为“花费多少时间做某事”，此处需要用动名词形式improving。improve“改进；提高”是动词原形；to improve是动词不定式；improved是动词的过去式或过去分词。 7．句意：这种方法比盲目学习有效得多。 根据“more effective”可知，句子是比较级，此处应用比较连词than构成比较结构。排除then“然后；那时”；as“作为”和from“来自”。 8．句意：如果我们花太多时间在电子设备上，对眼睛有害。 spend time on sth.是固定短语，意为“在某物/某事上花费多少时间”，因此，此处用介词on。排除in“在……里”；at“在……处”和for“为了”。 9．句意：有些学生无法控制自己，反而玩游戏。A 他们（宾格）；B 他们的（形容词性物主代词）；C 他们自己（反身代词）；D 他们的（名词性物主代词）。 control oneself意为“控制某人自己”，结合主语“some students”可知，此处需要用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。排除人称代词宾格them“他们”；形容词性物主代词their“他们的”和名词性物主代词theirs“他们的”。 10．句意：总之，我们应该好好利用智能学习工具。 make good use of…是固定短语，意为“好好利用……”，因此，此处需要用介词 of。排除for“为了”；with“和”以及to“到；朝着”。 话题4 发明（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 The history of human progress is full of wonderful inventions. Among all of them, paper is one of 1 most important inventions. Without it, knowledge 2 spread so widely around the world in ancient times. In ancient China, people used to write on bamboo or silk. However, these materials were either too heavy 3 too expensive. Then, about two 4 years ago, a man named Cai Lun 5 improved the way of making paper from tree bark and old cloth. His invention was much lighter than any earlier writing material. Since then, paper 6 an important part of our lives. We use it for books, newspapers, and art. But does 7 know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year? The number is huge and it keeps growing. 8 we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day. That’s why scientists are now looking for new materials. Some say that electronic (电子的) paper will become even 9 in the future because it can be reused. Last week, our class visited a science museum. We saw a model of Cai Lun’s workshop there. It helped us understand how hard people worked in the past to bring us such a useful invention. 10 amazing invention paper is! It shows how human wisdom can change the world. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．A．or B．and C．but D．so 4．A．thousands B．thousand C．thousands of D．thousand of 5．A．successful B．more successful C．successfully D．more successfully 6．A．was B．is C．had been D．has been 7．A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 8．A．If B．Because C．Though D．Unless 9．A．popular B．more popular C．popularly D．more popularly 10．A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸作为人类最重要发明之一的历史，从蔡伦改进造纸术到纸在现代生活中的广泛应用，并指出过度用纸对森林的威胁以及电子纸等替代材料的未来。 【详解】1．句意：其中，纸是最重要的发明之一。 a一个，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指，用于最高级前；/零冠词。根据“most important”可知，最高级前需加定冠词“the”，“the”符合语境，故选C。 2．句意：没有它，古代的知识不可能在全世界广泛传播。 needn’t不必；couldn’t不可能；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止。根据“Without it, knowledge…spread so widely around the world in ancient times”可知，此处是虚拟语气，指没有纸的情况下知识“不可能”广泛传播，“couldn’t”符合语境，故选B。 3．句意：然而，这些材料要么太重，要么太贵。 or或者；and和；but但是；so所以。根据“either too heavy…too expensive”可知，“either…or…”是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，“or”符合语境，故选A。 4．句意：大约两千年前，一个叫蔡伦的人成功地改进了用树皮和旧布造纸的方法。 thousands千，复数形式；thousand千，单数形式；thousands of成千上万的；thousand of表述错误。根据“two”可知，此处指具体数字“两千”，“thousand”用单数，“thousand”符合语境，故选B。 5．句意：大约两千年前，一个叫蔡伦的人成功地改进了用树皮和旧布造纸的方法。 successful成功的，形容词；more successful更成功的，形容词比较级；successfully成功地，副词；more successfully更成功地，副词比较级。根据“improved the way”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词“improved”，“successfully”符合语境，故选C。 6．句意：从那以后，纸一直是我们生活中重要的一部分。 was一般过去时；is一般现在时；had been过去完成时；has been现在完成时。根据“Since then”可知，since常与现在完成时连用，此处用现在完成时，“has been”符合语境，故选D。 7．句意：但是有人确切知道我们每年用多少树造纸吗？ anybody任何人，常用于疑问句或否定句；nobody没有人；somebody某人，常用于肯定句；everybody每个人。根据“But does…know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year?”可知，这是疑问句，此处用“anybody”，故选A。 8．句意：除非我们开始更明智地用纸，否则有一天我们的森林可能会消失。 If如果；Because因为；Though尽管；Unless除非。根据“…we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day”可知，此处指“除非”明智用纸，否则森林会消失，“Unless”符合语境，故选D。 9．句意：有人说电子纸在未来会更受欢迎，因为它可以重复使用。 popular受欢迎的，形容词；more popular更受欢迎的，形容词比较级；popularly受欢迎地，副词；more popularly更受欢迎地，副词比较级。根据“become even…”可知，此处需用形容词作表语，且“even”常修饰比较级，“more popular”符合语境，故选B。 10．句意：纸是多么了不起的发明啊！ What引导感叹句，修饰名词；What a修饰单数可数名词，辅音音素开头；What an修饰单数可数名词，元音音素开头；How引导感叹句，修饰形容词或副词。根据“amazing invention”可知，amazing是元音音素开头的形容词，invention是单数可数名词，此处用“What an”修饰，故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Over 100,000 years ago, humans decided to leave their homes to search for new places to live and better food. They walked on foot across the world until about 6,000 years ago when important changes 1 place. For instance, in Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. 2 this meant people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed 3 the invention of the wheel. Who first invented the wheel? We will never know for sure, but people probably first used wheels 4 pottery. Later, they realized they could also 5 their goods to markets far away by 6 the wheels to the horse-pulled vehicles. This invention increased trade. But this change wasn’t perfect. The old paths became much 7 to use in wet weather. As a result, 8 first stone roads appeared after the wheel was invented. Then new roads were built, and we still use some of 9 today. The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also helped us build all types of machines. It was 10 important that we still use wheels in devices today. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 1．A．were taken B．take C．are taking D．took 2．A．Although B．Because C．If D．Unless 3．A．in B．with C．from D．of 4．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 5．A．to transport B．transported C．transporting D．transport 6．A．to attach B．attached C．attaching D．attach 7．A．difficult B．more difficult C．most difficult D．the most difficult 8．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 10．A．so B．such C．very D．too 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了人类从徒步迁徙到发明轮子的历程，以及轮子对人类交通、贸易和机械发展的重大影响。 【详解】1．句意：他们徒步穿越世界，直到大约6000年前发生了重大变化。 were taken place发生，一般过去时的被动语态结构；take place发生，动词原形；are taking place正在发生，现在进行时结构；took place发生，动词过去式。根据“about 6,000 years ago”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，空处填动词过去式作谓语。故选D。 2．句意：尽管这意味着人们可以走得更远更快，但运输大量货物仍然是一项艰巨的工作。 Although虽然；Because因为；If如果；Unless除非。前后句为让步关系，尽管人们可以走得更远更快，但是运输大量货物是问题。需用Although引导让步状语从句。故选A。 3．句意：这一切随着轮子的发明而改变。 in在……里；with随着；from从……来；of……的。根据“the invention of the wheel”可知，此处指随着轮子的出现而产生变化。此处引出导致某种变化或情况发生的原因或伴随条件，用with。故选B。 4．句意：我们永远无法确定，但人们可能首先使用轮子来制作陶器。 make制作，动词原形；making制作，动词现在分词；to make制作，动词不定式；made制作，动词过去式。use sth to do sth“使用某物做某事”，空处填动词不定式。故选C。 5．句意：后来，他们意识到，只要把轮子装在马拉的车上，他们也可以把货物运到很远的市场。 to transport运输，动词不定式；transported运输，动词过去式；transporting运输，动词现在分词；transport运输，动词原形。空处位于情态动词“could”后，填动词原形。故选D。 6．句意：后来，他们意识到，只要把轮子装在马拉的车上，他们也可以把货物运到很远的市场。 to attach安装，动词不定式；attached安装，动词过去式；attaching安装，动名词；attach安装，动词原形。空处位于介词“by” 后，填动名词作宾语。故选C。 7．句意：在潮湿的天气里，旧小路变得更难走了。 difficult困难的，形容词原级；more difficult更困难的，形容词比较级；most difficult最困难的，形容词最高级；the most difficult最困难的，the+形容词最高级。“much”修饰比较级，空处填形容词比较级。故选B。 8．句意：结果，车轮发明后，第一条石路出现了。 a一个，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the这个表示特指；/零冠词。空处位于序数词“first”前，填定冠词the。故选C。 9．句意：后来修建了新的道路，我们今天还在使用其中一些道路。 they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。空后无名词，且空处位于“of”后，填代词宾格作宾语，表示我们使用道路。故选B。 10．句意：轮子是如此重要，以至于我们今天仍然在设备中使用它。 so如此，修饰形容词或副词；such如此，修饰名词；very非常；too太。根据“that we still use wheels in devices today”可知，此处指因为轮子重要，所以今天仍然被使用。且“important”为形容词，此句为“so…that”引导的结果状语从句。故选A。 文章主要介绍中国古代科学家张衡，讲述他发明地动仪的故事，告诉我们好奇心与坚持不懈对于科学发现的重要意义。 【新素材·张衡与地动仪】Zhang Heng was a great scientist and inventor in ancient China. He lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty and spent his whole life 1 the world. He is most famous for inventing the seismograph (地动仪), which could detect earthquakes from a distance. One day, Zhang Heng was studying the stars when he felt a slight shake. He was 2 that something unusual was happening underground. He decided to create a tool to measure such movements. After months of hard work, he 3 to build the first seismograph in history. The device looked like a large bronze jar with eight dragon heads around it, each 4 a bronze ball in its mouth. When an earthquake occurred, the ball would fall from the dragon’s mouth into the mouth of a bronze toad below, showing 5 direction of the quake. People at that time were amazed by his invention. Some even doubted 6 it really worked. However, Zhang Heng proved its accuracy through many tests. His work showed 7 important curiosity and persistence are for scientific discovery. Today, Zhang Heng is still remembered as a pioneer in seismology. His story encourages us 8 problems with an open mind. We should never give up 9 we face difficulties in our studies. Great achievements always come from continuous effort, not just sudden 10 . 1．A．understand B．understood C．understanding D．understands 2．A．convince B．convinced C．convincing D．to convince 3．A．manage B．manages C．managed D．managing 4．A．hold B．holds C．held D．holding 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．where B．whether C．that D．what 7．A．how B．what C．why D．when 8．A．approach B．to approach C．approaching D．approached 9．A．when B．unless C．although D．until 10．A．inspire B．inspiration C．inspiring D．inspired 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文介绍中国古代科学家张衡，讲述他发明地动仪的故事，告诉我们好奇心与坚持不懈对于科学发现的重要意义。 【详解】1．句意：他生活在东汉，毕生致力于了解世界。 固定搭配“spend one’s whole life doing sth.”，表示“花费一生时间做某事”，后面要用动名词。根据语境，此处表示花费一生去做理解世界这件事，应用understanding。 2．句意：他确信地下正在发生不寻常的事情。 “be convinced that…”是固定短语，意为“确信⋯⋯”，用形容词convinced作表语。 3．句意：经过几个月的努力，他设法建成了历史上第一个地动仪。 根据全文叙述过去发生的事情，可知时态为一般过去时。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，manage用过去式managed。 4．句意：这个装置像一个大铜罐，周围有八个龙头，每个龙头嘴里含着一颗铜球。 根据“each holding…”构成独立主格结构，根据语境，龙头与含球之间是主动关系，应用holding。 5．句意：当地震发生时，铜球会从龙嘴落入下方铜蟾蜍口中，显示地震的方向。 根据“direction of the quake”可知方向是特指地震的方向。根据语境，特指名词前需用定冠词the。 6．句意：甚至有人怀疑它是否真的能起作用。 根据“doubt”在肯定句中后接宾语从句，常表示不确定。根据语境，需用whether表示“是否”，where表地点，语义不符。 7．句意：他的作品表明好奇心和毅力对科学发现有多么重要。 根据“how+adj.+主语+谓语”结构为感叹句式作宾语从句，可知修饰形容词important，应用how。 8．句意：他的故事鼓励我们用开放的心态去处理问题。 根据“encourage sb. to do sth.”固定搭配，可知需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，应用to approach。 9．句意：当我们在学习中面对困难时，绝不应放弃。 根据句意，表示面对困难的时间情境。根据语境，when引导时间状语从句，符合“在困难时不放弃”的逻辑。 10．句意：伟大的成就总是源于持续的努力，而不仅仅是突然的灵感。 sudden是形容词，后面接名词，应用inspiration意为“灵感”。inspire是动词，inspiring是形容词，inspired是形容词，都不合适。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 语法选择 话题1 百科 话题2 数字与寓言（常考点） 话题3 智能与科技 话题4 发明（难点） ① 通读全文，把握大意； ② 逐句分析，结合语境与语法； ③ 代入验证，连贯通读。 话题1 百科（共1篇） Passage 1 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever been to Egypt (埃及)? If you visit the country, you will find many big attractions like pyramids (金字塔). They are one of 1 buildings in the world. Today, people look at them and ask, “Who built 2 ? Why? When? What is inside?” 3 years ago, some kings of Egypt wanted something to make people remember them, so they ordered their men 4 the pyramids. The idea worked and pyramids 5 . Some pyramids are old. 6 are large. For example, the Pyramid of Khufu is over 146 metres high and is made 7 2,300,000 stones. 8 of the stones are much taller than a person. Over 10,000 workers spent about 20 years 9 the pyramid. As one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Pyramid of Khufu has become 10 famous place of interest. Every year, visitors from all over the world 11 to visit it and they 12 look at the view from its bottom. How did ancient people build the pyramids? How did they carry and lift up the large stones? The stones fit (吻合) one another so well, 13 the people at that time didn’t have modern machines at all! Now scientists 14 hard to study the pyramids. However, 15 knows how ancient people built them. 1．A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 2．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 3．A．Thousands B．Thousand C．Thousands of D．Thousand of 4．A．built B．to build C．building D．build 5．A．appear B．appears C．appeared D．will appear 6．A．Another B．Other C．The other D．Others 7．A．on B．by C．of D．in 8．A．Little B．Less C．Most D．Much 9．A．complete B．completed C．to complete D．completing 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 11．A．came B．come C．comes D．are coming 12．A．can B．need C．should D．must 13．A．so B．if C．but D．because 14．A．are working B．works C．worked D．have worked 15．A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody 话题2数字与寓言（共4篇） Passage 1 There once lived in China a very foolish king and queen. One day the queen had 1 baby daughter. When they 2 their baby, they both cried out, “My goodness! 3 it is! It’s hairless and toothless! It’s a monster (怪兽)!” They sent for (请) all the doctors in the country and ordered them to prepare some medicine for her. “When she 4 your medicine, she must grow to the right size and have hair and teeth,” the king said to the doctors, “If you don’t do this, I’ll kill you.” The doctors thought it impossible, but they couldn’t say 5 against the king’s order. Just then, one of 6 came up with an idea. “Oh, we shall certainly follow your advice,” he said, “but it takes time. We have to dig for something to make 7 medicine from the Kunlun Mountains when the snow melts (融化) for the second time. The snow melts on those mountains only once in six years. So we need twelve years.” At last the king agreed and the doctors took away the little princess. On her 8 birthday, they brought her back to her parents 9 long black hair and beautiful teeth. The king and queen were very 10 and gave the doctors many expensive presents. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．see B．sees C．saw D．is seeing 3．A．What small B．How small C．What a small D．How a small 4．A．drink B．will drink C．drank D．drinks 5．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 6．A．older doctor B．the oldest doctor C．the older doctors D．the oldest doctors 7．A．a few B．a little C．few D．little 8．A．twelve B．twelfth C．the twelve D．the twelfth 9．A．for B．to C．with D．of 10．A．happier B．happiest C．happily D．happy Passage 2 Once upon a time, in a small village, there was a young girl named Lila. Lila was known (出名的) 1 her very bad temper, and she often lost control of her anger. One day, Lila and her best friend Maya 2 a game when Lila suddenly fell down. Maya laughed, thinking Lila was just playful and that it didn’t hurt at all, but Lila thought Maya laughed at her. She felt embarrassed. Without thinking, she rudely called her names and 3 her away. Maya was hurt and didn’t understand why. She ran off crying. That night, Lila couldn’t sleep. She kept 4 about what she did to Maya. She knew she had to make things right, but she didn’t know how. The next day, Lila went into the forest and hoped to find a way 5 she could make up with Maya. She saw 6 wise old owl (猫头鹰) in a tree. “Hello, young girl,” the owl said. “What brings you here?” Lila explained (解释) her situation to him 7 . The owl said, “Anger can be helpful in encouraging us to take action, but it can also make us hurt 8 and others. The key is to control it.” The owl then gave Lila a small stone and asked her to carry it with her. He said, “When you feel angry, you 9 hold the stone and take three deep breaths.” It wasn’t easy at first, but with practice, Lila learned how to control her anger. She also said sorry to Maya and promised she would never let her anger hurt Maya again. Maya forgave her, and they became even 10 than before. 1．A．on B．for C．in D．with 2．A．were playing B．played C．are playing D．play 3．A．push B．to push C．pushed D．pushing 4．A．think B．to think C．thought D．thinking 5．A．until B．although C．so that D．if 6．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．A．sad B．thankful C．sadly D．thankfully 8．A．ours B．ourselves C．us D．we 9．A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．could 10．A．closer B．closest C．lonelier D．loneliest Passage 3 What do you often do when you wait for a bus or a train at the station? Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would leave at five to 1 . At that time, there 2 many people waiting in the station. Tom looked around but there was no place for him 3 . Tom liked 4 coffee. So he walked into 5 coffee shop in the station. He looked up at that clock there. 6 was only twenty to twelve. He found a place and sat down before a large mirror (镜子) 7 the wall. Just then, Mike, one of Tom’s friends, came in and sat with Tom. “ 8 time is your bus?” asked Mike. “There’s plenty of time yet.” answered Tom. “Well, I 9 you more coffee then,” said Mike. They talked a lot 10 they drank coffee. Some time 11 , Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh! It’s going back!” he cried. “ 12 minutes ago, it was twenty to twelve and now it’s half past eleven.” “You’re looking 13 the clock in the mirror,” said Mike. Tom was so sad. He had to 14 for the next bus for another hour. 15 from then on, Tom didn’t like mirrors any more. 1．A．twelfth B．twelve C．the twelfth D．the twelve 2．A．are B．be C．were D．was 3．A．sit B．sitting C．to sitting D．to sit 4．A．drinking B．drank C．drunk D．drink 5．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 6．A．That B．This C．It D．These 7．A．on B．at C．to D．with 8．A．Which B．When C．How D．What 9．A．will get B．am getting C．got D．gets 10．A．where B．when C．who D．what 11．A．lately B．late C．later D．latest 12．A．Few B．A few C．A little D．Little 13．A．at B．in C．for D．by 14．A．wait B．waiting C．waited D．waits 15．A．But B．Because C．So D．If Passage 4 Chess is one of the oldest and most popular games in the world. It 1 by millions of people across the globe. The game 2 in India over 1,500 years ago and has changed greatly since then. What makes chess so special? One reason is that it 3 a deep connection with mathematics. A chessboard has 64 squares, and the number of possible games is 4 than the number of atoms in the universe! This is why chess is often 5 as a mathematical puzzle. In chess, each piece moves in a different 6 . The knight (马), for example, always moves in an “L” shape. This creates interesting patterns on the board. Scientists 7 that studying these patterns can help develop logical thinking. Today, computers play chess better 8 most humans. In 2024, the best chess AI won 9 every game against top human players. However, many people still prefer 10 chess the traditional way—face to face with a friend. 1．A．plays B．is played C．played D．was played 2．A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 3．A．has B．had C．is having D．have 4．A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest 5．A．described B．describing C．describes D．to describe 6．A．way B．road C．street D．path 7．A．believe B．believed C．are believing D．believes 8．A．as B．than C．to D．from 9．A．near B．nearly C．nearer D．nearest 10．A．play B．playing C．plays D．played 话题3 智能与科技（共3篇） Passage 1 （24-25初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 We sometimes see robots in the movies about the future. They are usually like human servants. They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places. Today there are already robots working in factories. Some can help to build cars, and they do simple jobs over and over again. Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are 1 , but robots will never get bored. Now, scientists 2 to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do. Some robots in Japan can even walk and dance. They are fun to watch. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult 3 them really think like a human. For example, 4 scientist named James White thinks that robots will never 5 able to wake up and know where they are. But many scientists disagree with him. They think that robots can even talk like 6 in 25 to 50 years. Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future. However, they agree it may take 7 years. These new robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others 8 look like snakes. In India, for example, scientists made robots that look like snakes. 9 buildings fall down with people inside, these snake robots can help look for people under the buildings. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets 10 seemed impossible 100 years ago. We never know what will happen in the future! 1．A．bored B．boring C．more boring D．most boring 2．A．try B．will try C．are trying D．tried 3．A．make B．made C．making D．to make 4．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．A．about B．are C．is D．be 6．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 7．A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of 8．A．may B．should C．must D．need 9．A．Because B．If C．Before D．So 10．A．too B．either C．also D．neither Passage 2 Nowadays, students from different grades have a lot of subjects to learn in school. It is difficult for students to carry their schoolbags 1 because there are too many books in it. You can’t find a book quickly if all the books in your schoolbag are in a 2 . Don’t worry about that! It is lucky that now 3 e-textbook can help you. A lot of e-textbooks will be used in middle schools in China. E-textbooks are small computers for students to read. It is much 4 than a usual schoolbag and easy to carry. It is so small 5 it just looks like a book. But it 6 hold all the materials for students to study. More and more students prefer to read the text page by page on the screen, take notes 7 the pointer(屏幕笔), or even “hand in” homework to 8 teachers by sending e-mails. All they have to do is to press a button. People show different ideas about the usage of the e-textbooks. Some people say e-textbooks are good while 9 think they may be harmful to the students’ eyesight if students spend too much time 10 at the screen. What do you think of them? 1．A．easy B．easiest C．easier D．easily 2．A．messy B．mess C．messes D．messily 3．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 4．A．light B．lighter C．lightest D．lightly 5．A．if B．when C．that D．while 6．A．must B．should C．shall D．can 7．A．on B．of C．in D．with 8．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 9．A．other B．the other C．the others D．others 10．A．looking B．to look C．look D．looks Passage 3 Nowadays, smart learning is becoming more and more popular among students. It changes traditional learning ways and brings new chances for us 1 better. In the past, students could only learn knowledge from books and teachers in classrooms. It was hard for them 2 enough learning materials. But now, technology makes learning much 3 . There are many useful online platforms and videos. We can choose different learning resources 4 our study needs. Smart learning also helps us make personalized learning plans. Everyone has different learning problems. Through online tests, we can know 5 subjects we are weak in. Then we can spend more time 6 them. This method is much more effective 7 blind learning. However, smart learning has shortcomings. If we spend too much time 8 electronic devices, it will be bad for our eyes. Also, some students can’t control 9 and play games instead of studying. In short, we should make good use 10 smart learning tools and develop good learning habits. 1．A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 2．A．get B．getting C．to get D．got 3．A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 4．A．to match B．match C．matching D．matched 5．A．what B．how C．where D．when 6．A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved 7．A．then B．than C．as D．from 8．A．on B．in C．at D．for 9．A．them B．their C．themselves D．theirs 10．A．for B．of C．with D．to 话题4 发明（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 The history of human progress is full of wonderful inventions. Among all of them, paper is one of 1 most important inventions. Without it, knowledge 2 spread so widely around the world in ancient times. In ancient China, people used to write on bamboo or silk. However, these materials were either too heavy 3 too expensive. Then, about two 4 years ago, a man named Cai Lun 5 improved the way of making paper from tree bark and old cloth. His invention was much lighter than any earlier writing material. Since then, paper 6 an important part of our lives. We use it for books, newspapers, and art. But does 7 know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year? The number is huge and it keeps growing. 8 we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day. That’s why scientists are now looking for new materials. Some say that electronic (电子的) paper will become even 9 in the future because it can be reused. Last week, our class visited a science museum. We saw a model of Cai Lun’s workshop there. It helped us understand how hard people worked in the past to bring us such a useful invention. 10 amazing invention paper is! It shows how human wisdom can change the world. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．A．or B．and C．but D．so 4．A．thousands B．thousand C．thousands of D．thousand of 5．A．successful B．more successful C．successfully D．more successfully 6．A．was B．is C．had been D．has been 7．A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 8．A．If B．Because C．Though D．Unless 9．A．popular B．more popular C．popularly D．more popularly 10．A．What B．What a C．What an D．How Passage 2 （25-26初二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Over 100,000 years ago, humans decided to leave their homes to search for new places to live and better food. They walked on foot across the world until about 6,000 years ago when important changes 1 place. For instance, in Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. 2 this meant people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed 3 the invention of the wheel. Who first invented the wheel? We will never know for sure, but people probably first used wheels 4 pottery. Later, they realized they could also 5 their goods to markets far away by 6 the wheels to the horse-pulled vehicles. This invention increased trade. But this change wasn’t perfect. The old paths became much 7 to use in wet weather. As a result, 8 first stone roads appeared after the wheel was invented. Then new roads were built, and we still use some of 9 today. The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also helped us build all types of machines. It was 10 important that we still use wheels in devices today. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 1．A．were taken B．take C．are taking D．took 2．A．Although B．Because C．If D．Unless 3．A．in B．with C．from D．of 4．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 5．A．to transport B．transported C．transporting D．transport 6．A．to attach B．attached C．attaching D．attach 7．A．difficult B．more difficult C．most difficult D．the most difficult 8．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 10．A．so B．such C．very D．too 文章主要介绍中国古代科学家张衡，讲述他发明地动仪的故事，告诉我们好奇心与坚持不懈对于科学发现的重要意义。 【新素材·张衡与地动仪】Zhang Heng was a great scientist and inventor in ancient China. He lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty and spent his whole life 1 the world. He is most famous for inventing the seismograph (地动仪), which could detect earthquakes from a distance. One day, Zhang Heng was studying the stars when he felt a slight shake. He was 2 that something unusual was happening underground. He decided to create a tool to measure such movements. After months of hard work, he 3 to build the first seismograph in history. The device looked like a large bronze jar with eight dragon heads around it, each 4 a bronze ball in its mouth. When an earthquake occurred, the ball would fall from the dragon’s mouth into the mouth of a bronze toad below, showing 5 direction of the quake. People at that time were amazed by his invention. Some even doubted 6 it really worked. However, Zhang Heng proved its accuracy through many tests. His work showed 7 important curiosity and persistence are for scientific discovery. Today, Zhang Heng is still remembered as a pioneer in seismology. His story encourages us 8 problems with an open mind. We should never give up 9 we face difficulties in our studies. Great achievements always come from continuous effort, not just sudden 10 . 1．A．understand B．understood C．understanding D．understands 2．A．convince B．convinced C．convincing D．to convince 3．A．manage B．manages C．managed D．managing 4．A．hold B．holds C．held D．holding 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．where B．whether C．that D．what 7．A．how B．what C．why D．when 8．A．approach B．to approach C．approaching D．approached 9．A．when B．unless C．although D．until 10．A．inspire B．inspiration C．inspiring D．inspired 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $