考前押题08 阅读还原（六选五）（期中专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材译林版

考前押题08 阅读还原（六选五） 话题1 校园友谊 话题2 课后活动 话题3 学生在学习时远离无聊、保持专注的技巧 话题4 有效和无效的学习方式 话题5 学习英语的有效建议 话题6 如何通过压花的方法保存鲜花 ① 通读全文，理清框架 快速浏览文章，看懂文体（说明文居多，少量记叙文），抓每段中心； 弄清文章结构：总分、并列、递进； 重点看空格前后句，这两句是解题最关键线索。 ②通读选项，标记关键词 读所给的选项，圈出：代词（it/they/this/that/these/those）、逻辑词、名词。 代词必有指代对象！代词是阅读还原的第一大突破口。 ③瞻前顾后，匹配衔接，先易后难 优先做线索明显的空，不确定的空先跳过，不要死磕。 ④全部选完，回读验证 把选项代入原文通读，检查上下文话题连贯、逻辑通顺；核对多余的干扰项，确认无法填入任何位置。 话题1 校园友谊 （25-26八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）Friendship is one of the most important things in our school life. A good friend can make your days at school happy and full of laughter. When I think about my school life, I always think about my best friend, Lisa. We are in the same class and we sit next to each other. 1 Therefore (因此), we became friends on the first day of middle school. We always share our lunch, our stories, and even our secrets. 2 Last month, I was very worried about the history exam. I couldn’t remember all the dates and facts. Lisa is very good at history. She spent two afternoons after school helping me review history. 3 4 Sometimes we have fights about small things. But we never stay angry for long. Usually, the next day, we forget about it and laugh together again. 5 We plan to go to the same high school. I believe our friendship will last forever, and my school life will always be beautiful because of her. School life is not just about studying from books. It’s also about learning how to be a good friend and understanding the people around you. A．However, not everything is always perfect. B．True friends help each other when they are in trouble. C．We have a lot of common interests and we both love playing basketball. D．Thanks to her help, I did well in the exam. E．She often cheers me up when I am feeling down. F．I hope we can always be friends in the future. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．F 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。围绕校园友谊展开，作者讲述了自己与好朋友莉萨的故事。 1．根据前文“We are in the same class and we sit next to each other.”及后文“Therefore, we became friends on the first day of middle school.”可知，前文说明“两人同班且邻座”，后文指出“开学第一天就成了朋友”，选项C“我们有很多共同兴趣，而且都喜欢打篮球”解释了快速成为朋友的原因，故选C。 2．根据后文“Last month, I was very worried about the history exam... Lisa is very good at history. She spent two afternoons after school helping me review history.”可知，后文讲述“莉萨帮助作者复习历史应对考试”的事例，选项B“真正的朋友在遇到困难时会互相帮助”作为段落主旨句，概括该部分核心，引出后文的具体帮助事例，故选B。 3．根据前文“She spent two afternoons after school helping me review history.”可知，前文说明“莉萨花时间帮助作者复习”，选项D“多亏了她的帮助，我考试考得很好”交代了帮助带来的结果，衔接前文的帮助行为，故选D。 4．根据后文“Sometimes we have fights about small things.”可知，后文提到“两人会因小事吵架”，与前文描述的和睦友谊形成转折，选项A“然而，并非所有事情都总是完美的”起到过渡作用，引出友谊中存在的小矛盾，故选A。 5．根据后文“We plan to go to the same high school. I believe our friendship will last forever”可知，后文表达“希望一起上高中、友谊长存”的愿望，选项F“我希望我们将来能一直是朋友”呼应这一愿望，故选F。 话题2 课后活动 （25-26八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段检测）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Joining after-school activities is not only a great way to relax but also a chance to learn new skills, make friends and stay creative. 6 Be the Scientist Game 7 And as a scientist would do in that situation, you can see animals and note down their appearance and behavior. This activity will develop your sense of questioning things and understanding the basic development of living things. Make Natural Stamps You might have seen postal stamps, but have you thought about making natural stamps? 8 Then you can carefully put them on small pieces of wood or paper to create your own natural stamps. Begin a Cooking Project This is a great chance for those who are interested in baking, cooking, or just having fun with the food. 9 Therefore, you can simply start with sandwiches and go further up to your interest. Be a Player Activity Out of all Middle School Activities, this is special and good for your healthy lifestyle. 10 Practicing these sports will make you energetic and improve your overall health. In sum, these fresh middle school activities will not only keep you active and relaxed after school but also help you develop necessary skills that will benefit you in the long run. A．Get a pen and diary and go outside. B．You can perform running, jumping, racing, etc. C．Let’s explore some fresh middle school activities. D．However, this activity is a little bit challenging for beginners. E．Cooking offers beginners the chance to explore new food tastes. F．You can do it by collecting different kinds of tree leaves and flowers first. 【答案】6．C 7．A 8．F 9．D 10．B 【解析】本文介绍了几项适合中学生的课后活动，参与这些活动既能放松自己，也可以学习新技能。 6．上文阐述参加课后活动的各类益处，下文开始分项介绍四项具体课后活动。C选项“Let’s explore some fresh middle school activities.”承上启下，自然引出下文各个活动介绍。 7．本段主题是科学家游戏，后文讲述观察动物、记录动物外形与行为。A选项“Get a pen and diary and go outside.”，带上笔和日记本去到户外，为后文观察记录动物做好前提铺垫。 8．本段主题为制作自然印章，后文Then意为“然后”，介绍后续操作。F选项“You can do it by collecting different kinds of tree leaves and flowers first.”，其中first和后文Then构成动作先后顺序，介绍制作印章第一步。 9．本段主题是烹饪项目。前句讲烹饪很有意思，后文Therefore得出结论：初学者可以从简单的三明治开始。D选项“However, this activity is a little bit challenging for beginners”，说明烹饪对初学者有一定难度，正是因为存在难度，所以才要从简单食物入手，形成完整因果逻辑。 10．本段主题是运动类活动，后文these sports要指代空格内的运动内容。B选项“You can perform running, jumping, racing, etc.”列举多项体育运动，和下文these sports形成指代对应。 话题3 学生在学习时远离无聊、保持专注的技巧 （25-26八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Studying is not always the most interesting task within your day, but it is a necessary (必要的) one. Even though (即使) you are asked to do so, you have got bored at one time or another while studying. 11 Find a suitable place to study Make sure you are in a place that can help you focus on your study. In this place, there are some things that have nothing to do with studying, such as your mobile phone. 12 You could be doing things other than studying. 13 Plan first. List what you need to finish and how long you need to finish it. If you know when you can go back to play sports or talk to your friends, you will be more likely to fix your attention on studies. Mix up your topics Change up the topics that you are studying. Mix up what you study every half an hour to an hour or so to keep boredom away. For example, study History for 45 minutes, Maths for 45 minutes, and English for 45 minutes. 14 Take notes as you go Take a notebook out and write down important notes while you are reading an article in a textbook. 15 While you are reading, you learn it once. While you are writing, you learn it again. 根据短文内容, 从所给选项中选出能够填入空白处的最佳选项。 (有一项多余) A．Make a time plan B．It is a good way to learn something new. C．Here are some tips for you to keep boredom away. D．Those things will make you feel bored while studying. E．You had better learn different subjects at the same time. F．Make sure you don’t spend all your time on one subject. 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．A 14．F 15．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种帮助学生在学习时远离无聊、保持专注的实用技巧，包括找到合适的学习地点、先做计划、交替学习不同科目以及做笔记等。 11．前文说学习时难免会感到无聊，后文分点给出多个解决办法，C. Here are some tips for you to keep boredom away.（这里有一些帮你摆脱无聊的小技巧）起到总起下文的作用。 12．前文提到要远离手机这类和学习无关的事物，后文说你可能会做和学习无关的事，D. Those things will make you feel bored while studying.（这些东西会让你在学习时感到无聊）承接前文的干扰物品，逻辑通顺。 13．这一段内容是先做计划、罗列任务和时长，A. Make a time plan（制定时间计划）可以作为本段小标题。 14．本段主题是轮换学习科目、避免单一内容带来的无聊，举例轮换史、数、英三科，F. Make sure you don’t spend all your time on one subject.（确保不要把所有时间都花在一门科目上）呼应主题，选F；E选项“同时学不同科目”和原文“每隔半小时到一小时轮换学习”不符，排除。 15．前后文讲边阅读边记笔记能两遍巩固知识，B. It is a good way to learn something new.（这是学习新知识的好方法）承接记笔记这个做法的好处。 话题4 有效和无效的学习方式 （25-26八年级上·江苏南通·阶段检测）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。     There are some things that we don’t often think about, like walking, because there really is no need to. There are other things we don’t often think about, like learning, but we should. 16 However, many of us have no real idea what the best way to learn is. So a group of scientists in the USA interviewed some excellent students to find some answers. 17 Almost all students re-read when they are trying to learn new information. But if you read something again right after you finish learning it, there is almost no use. 18 Self-testing is one of the best ways of remembering new things. 19 You can just answer questions and see the answers at the back of a book, or you can ask and answer questions with a friend. Many students underline (标记) things when they are reading something for the first time or when they don’t really know if it is important or not. But this doesn’t help much with learning. 20 It is much better to try and learn less at one time and study it a few days later. A．Here are their findings. B．All through our lives, we are learning new things. C．The answers are very helpful to improve your reading. D．It’s also not a good way to spend hours learning without stopping. E．The way works best if you re-read something about four days after you first learned it. F．It is quick and easy and works well. 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．E 19．F 20．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，指出人们需重视学习方法，美国科学家通过采访优秀学生得出相关结论，介绍了几种有效和无效的学习方式，帮助人们提升学习效率。 16．根据“There are other things we don’t often think about, like learning, but we should.”及下文“However, many of us have no real idea what the best way to learn is.”可知，此处应衔接“学习的普遍性”与“学习方法的困惑”，选项B“我们一生都在学习新事物。”符合语境，承接前文“应重视学习”，引出下文“学习方法的问题”，故选B。 17．根据“So a group of scientists in the USA interviewed some excellent students to find some answers.”可知，此处应说明科学家调查的结果，选项A“以下是他们的研究结果。”符合语境，作为过渡句引出下文具体建议，故选A。 18．根据“Almost all students re-read when they are trying to learn new information. But if you read something again right after you finish learning it, there is almost no use.”可知，此处应补充“有效重读”的方法，选项E“如果你在初次学习后约四天再重读，这种方法效果最好。”符合语境，承接前文“即时重读无用”，给出有效重读的时间建议，故选E。 19．根据“Self-testing is one of the best ways of remembering new things.”可知，此处应说明“自测”的优点，选项F“它快捷简单且效果好。”符合语境，解释自测成为“最佳方法之一”的原因，故选F。 20．根据“It is much better to try and learn less at one time and study it a few days later.”可知，此处应否定“低效学习方式”，选项D“长时间不间断学习也不是个好方法。”符合语境，承接前文“标记法无用”，引出下文“少量多次学习”的建议，故选D。 话题5 学习英语的有效建议 （25-26八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）阅读下面短文，从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺，结构完整，其中有一项是多余选项。 Do you like English? How do you study English? Most students want to be good at English. 21 Learn English like a baby. Babies learn their language slowly. First they learn to listen. 22 Finally, they can read and write. 23 Listen to English songs, watch English films or use online English lessons. Make an English/ESL friend. Make up dialogues and practice with your friends. You’d better use a beginner’s textbook. Write down new words. Buy a new word notebook. Write words in alphabetical order (A．..B．..C．..). 24 Always use an English-Chinese dictionary first. Keep an English diary. 25 You can choose some easy words to write about your life, like how you feel, how the weather is, and what you do today. Follow the advice above, and you’ll surely learn English better. A．Make some sentences. B．Then they learn to speak. C．Begin with easy sentences. D．Listen to English every day. E．Start with children’s storybooks. F．Here is some advice on learning English faster. 【答案】21．F 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 【解析】本文的主要内容是提供学习英语的有效建议。 21．根据“Most students want to be good at English.” 以及下文分点给出的学习建议可知，此处需引出下文的具体建议，选项F“这里有一些关于更快学习英语的建议。”符合语境。故选F。 22．根据“First they learn to listen.”可知，下文应介绍下一步做什么，选项B“然后他们学会说话。”符合语境。故选B。 23．根据“Listen to English songs, watch English films or use online English lessons.”可知，下文描述的是听英语的具体活动，此处是段落主旨句，统领全段内容， 选项D“每天听英语。”符合语境。故选D。 24．根据“Write words in alphabetical order (A...B...C...).”及“Always use an English-Chinese dictionary first.”可知，前文讲记录新词，后文讲使用词典，此处应是过渡到如何应用这些词，选项A“造一些句子。”符合语境。故选A。 25．根据“Keep an English diary.”及“You can choose some easy words to write about your life,”可知，后文提到用简单词写生活，此处是针对写日记给出建议，选项C“从简单的句子开始。”符合语境。故选C。 话题6 如何通过压花的方法保存鲜花 （25-26八年级上·江苏南通·期中）根据短文内容，从选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项 (选项中有一项为多余选项)。 What will happen after you bring some beautiful flowers home? They’ll soon dry up and die. It is a sad fact. But luckily, there is a good way that can help avoid the problem. You can press them and keep them forever. 26 Anna Zakirova is always interested in doing this for a long time. The Russian artist loved nature when she was a young girl. She liked all kinds of vegetables and flowers. Seven years ago, she began growing flowers in her garden. She was interested in keeping the color and beauty of the flowers. After trying out several different ways, she found that pressing worked best. The artist carefully presses each flower. Once the flowers are dry, she arranges them on a piece of paper. 27 The dried flowers are then put inside glass frames. They can be put up on your wall after it. Then you can enjoy the beauty of springtime all year round. If you want to keep your favorite flowers alive, why not do it yourself? 28 It also makes you feel closer to nature. The process of making dried flowers is very relaxing. “It gives you the joy of talking with nature and creating beauty,” says Zakirova. Besides, pressing flowers is not just a way to save flowers. 29 For example, you can use pressed flowers to decorate cards, notebooks or even phone cases. It turns simple items into unique works full of natural beauty. Some people may worry that pressing flowers is hard to do. 30 You just need a heavy book, some absorbent paper and your patience. Put the flower between two pieces of absorbent paper, place the book on top, and wait. In about a week, you’ll get a beautiful pressed flower. A．In fact, it’s much easier than most people think. B．Pressing flowers is not a new method, and many people have tried it. C．After arranging, she uses special glue to fix the flowers on the paper. D．It also lets you create more interesting things. E．It helps you keep your favorite flowers and calms your mind. F．This process needs a gentle touch to keep the flower petals safe. 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．E 29．D 30．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了如何通过压花的方法保存鲜花，使其能够长期保持美丽。 26．根据“Anna Zakirova is always interested in doing this for a long time...”可知，后文提到Anna长期对此感兴趣，且介绍她开始压花的经历。选项B“压花并非新方法，许多人尝试过。”承接前文保存鲜花的好方法，与之相符。故选B。 27．根据“Once the flowers are dry, she arranges them on a piece of paper.”以及“The dried flowers are then put inside glass frames.”可知，前文说“将干花排列在纸上”，后文说“放入相框”。选项C“排列后她用特殊胶水把花固定在纸上。”补充了操作步骤，与之相符。故选C。 28．根据“If you want to keep your favorite flowers alive, why not do it yourself?”以及“It also makes you feel closer to nature.”可知，前句鼓励读者尝试，后句强调“亲近自然”的优点，故空处会提及尝试保存鲜花的其他益处。选项E“它会帮助你保存鲜花且平静心灵”与之相符。故选E。 29．根据“Besides, pressing flowers is not just a way to save flowers.”以及“For example, you can use pressed flowers to decorate cards, notebooks or even phone cases.”可知，前文说压花不仅是保存方式，后文举例装饰卡片等用途。选项D“它也会让你创造更有趣的东西。”与后文例子完美匹配。故选D。 30．根据“Some people may worry that pressing flowers is hard to do.”及“You just need a heavy book, some absorbent paper and your patience. Put the flower between two pieces of absorbent paper,”可知，前句说“有人担心压花难做”，后文描述简单步骤，故空处会打消顾虑，强调压花不是很难。选项A“实际上，它比大多人想象的容易得多”与之相符。故选A。 阅读还原以完整语篇为载体，考查学生对语篇层面语言知识的运用，不止停留在单词、单句。 识别语篇衔接手段：理解代词（it/they/this）、逻辑连接词（but/because/also）、词汇复现（原词、同义词）的衔接功能； 读懂句子含义，区分句子功能：总起句、过渡句、举例句、总结句； 感知不同语篇结构：总分、并列、递进等篇章框架，看懂段落之间的联系； 理解句式特征，如小标题类文本的平行句式特点。 Passage 1 Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey. 1 , not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading ability in English, the following are just for you. Choose right reading materials. There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. 2 . Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content. Try to read word groups. Reading can both introduce you to new words and teach you how to use them. 3 . Read groups of words, or words that go together. 4 . Don’t try to understand everything. As you’re practicing your reading ability, you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK. Your brain can’t learn so many new things at once. 5 . And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later. A．Many words in English are often used together B．Reading well in English is useful for many reasons C．You can choose some famous English books to read D．Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult E．That will help you better understand how to use new words F．It’s more important to get the picture of what you are reading 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．F 【解析】本文主要介绍了几种提高英语阅读能力的方法。 1．根据“Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey.”以及“not only for taking tests.”可知，此处说的是阅读的实用价值，B项“学好英语阅读是有用的，原因有很多”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content.”可知，此处讲的是选择合适的读物，不要选择太容易或太难的，D项“不要选择太容易或太难的书”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“Reading can both introduce you to new words and teach you how to use them.”可知，此处介绍的是为何要按词组阅读，因为英语中有许多单词是在一起使用的，A项“英语中许多单词经常连在一起使用”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“Read groups of words, or words that go together.”可知，下文应介绍词群阅读带来的好处，E项“这将帮助你更好地理解如何使用新单词”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据“Your brain can’t learn so many new things at once.”可知，此处需强调核心阅读目标，F项“更重要的是对你所读的内容有个大概的了解”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 2 阅读下面的短文，从所给选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (选项中有两项为多余选项) Years ago, I was on a train ride into the city when I noticed a family getting on board. There were two little girls, their mom, and her friend, all of them with big bags. 6 One of the girls sat next to an older gentleman, who started talking with her. As the train ride went on, the little girl said that they were on their way to the children’s hospital in the city, where her sister Hayley was receiving treatment. 7 Towards the end of the ride, the man started writing something on a piece of paper. As the train stopped at his station, he rose and left his seat. 8 Then he got off the train before anyone had a chance to thank him. The mom was puzzled by the check at first. 9 She looked up, hoping to catch the man before he disappeared from view, but he was already gone. The moment left a lasting impression on everyone. 10 It also made many people wonder about the man’s story and what led him to do this for strangers on a train. A．As she looked at it, there was a smile of thankfulness. B．From what it looked like, they were going to be away for several days. C．Their bags took up so much room that some passengers felt uncomfortable. D．He walked over to the girl’s mom and handed her a check, saying, "That’s for Hayley. " E．It reminded us that small acts of kindness can make a big difference in someone’s day. F．Without asking more about it, the man spoke with the girls on and off during the journey. 【答案】6．B 7．F 8．D 9．A 10．E 【解析】本文讲述作者在火车上目睹一位陌生男士主动帮助带孩子看病的一家人，小小善举打动全车人的暖心故事。 6．根据“There were two little girls, their mom, and her friend, all of them with big bags.”可知一家人带着大包行李上车，B选项从行李来看他们要外出好几天，承接携带大包的内容。 7．根据“As the train ride went on, the little girl said that they were on their way to the children’s hospital in the city, where her sister Hayley was receiving treatment.”可知女孩讲述此行是带妹妹就医，F选项写这位男士一路上时不时和女孩聊天，没有过多询问相关事宜，贴合两人相邻而坐交谈的情节。 8．根据“Towards the end of the ride, the man started writing something on a piece of paper. As the train stopped at his station, he rose and left his seat.”可知男士下车前在纸上书写，D选项写他走到女孩妈妈面前递支票，说这是给Hayley的，承接写字的动作。 9．根据“The mom was puzzled by the check at first”可知妈妈拿到支票十分疑惑，A选项写她看着支票，脸上露出感激的笑容，承接妈妈端详支票的动作。 10．根据“The moment left a lasting impression on everyone.”可知这件事给所有人留下深刻印象，E选项点明这件事能给他人的一天带来很大的积极影响，升华全文主旨。 Passage 3 从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项是多余选项。 There are some skills for students to listen to the teacher in class, which means you’re going to have to practice it. Just as you would have to practice playing basketball to be a better player, you also have to practice listening. How to listen in school? 11 One of the things you need to do is to make sure that your mind doesn’t wander (漫游). It’s easy to start thinking about other things, especially when you’re not interested in the subject. 12 Next, listen to the main ideas. If you want to catch every little piece of information, you’ll feel tired and bored. 13 Not only does this show respect to the teacher, it also helps prevent your mind from wandering. 14 Or it could just be someone talking to their neighbors who shouldn’t be. It can even be some birds outside the classroom window, or a group of kids who are talking loudly as they pass the door to your room. Finally, You need to take notes because you will not remember everything the teacher said. You’ll have to take down the notes so that you can study it after class. 15 Listening isn’t always easy, but if you follow these simple steps, you’ll be much more successful in your classes. A．Here are some suggestions. B．You’ll also need to look at the teacher. C．Helping with each other is a good way. D．So make yourself pay attention to what the teacher is saying. E．It might be a friend who is trying to pass you a note. F．Taking notes also makes you pay attention to the class. 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．B 14．E 15．F 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学生在课堂上听讲的一些技巧。 11．根据“How to listen in school?”以及后文介绍的听课建议，可知此处需要一个引出建议的句子。选项A“以下是一些建议。”符合语境。故选A。 12．根据“It’s easy to start thinking about other things, especially when you’re not interested in the subject.”可推知，此处强调集中注意力的重要性。选项D“因此，让自己专注于老师讲的内容。”符合语境。故选D。 13．根据“Not only does this show respect to the teacher, it also helps prevent your mind from wandering.”可推知，“看着老师”能体现对老师的尊重且防止走神。选项B“你还需要看着老师。”符合语境。故选B。 14．根据“Or it could just be someone talking to their neighbors who shouldn’t be.”可推知，此处列举分散注意力的例子。选项E“可能是朋友试图给你递纸条。”符合语境。故选E。 15．根据“Finally, You need to take notes because you will not remember everything the teacher said.”可推知，此处需补充记笔记的作用。选项F“记笔记也能让你专注于课堂。”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 4 Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class? Maybe you would say it is because the teacher’s class is boring. 16 17 Sleep helps our body heal, grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors say sleep is a must, not just advice. How much sleep do we need? Newborn babies sleep 20—22 hours, children need 10—12 hours, teenagers need 8—10 hours, and grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active. 18 That is why old people sleep less than young people. Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. 19 More surprisingly, some may even get up in their dreams and walk around. This is called “sleepwalking”. 20 In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits: bears sleep all through winter, swifts sleep while flying and giraffes sleep standing up. A．It’s not just people that love to snooze (打盹). B．Why do we need sleep? C．Some people talk in their dreams. D．However, the real reason is probably that we don’t have enough sleep. E．The older you get, the less sleep you will need. F．Some people never dream while they sleep. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．E 19．C 20．A 【解析】本文是说明文，主要围绕睡眠展开，介绍了上课犯困的真实原因、睡眠的作用、不同人群所需的睡眠时间、睡眠中的梦境与特殊行为，以及动物的奇特睡眠习惯。 16．根据文中“Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class? Maybe you would say it is because the teacher’s class is boring.”可知，此处需要转折引出真实原因，“However, the real reason is probably that we don’t have enough sleep.”符合语境。 17．根据后文“Sleep helps our body heal, grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors say sleep is a must, not just advice.”可知，该段在解释睡眠的重要性，对应“Why do we need sleep?”。 18．根据文中“Newborn babies sleep 20-22 hours, children need 10-12, teenagers need 8-10, and grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active.”以及“That is why old people sleep less than young people.”可知，此处说明年龄越大所需睡眠越少，对应“The older you get, the less sleep you will need.”。 19．根据文中“Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up.”以及“More surprisingly, some may even get up in their dreams and walk around.”可知，此处列举睡眠中的特殊行为，“Some people talk in their dreams.”符合逻辑。 20．根据后文“In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits: bears sleep all through winter, swifts sleep while flying and giraffes sleep standing up.”可知，此处过渡到动物的睡眠，对应“It’s not just people that love to snooze（打盹）.”。 Passage 5 Friends are the ones who we walk through life together. If we share our ups and downs, and pains and joys with our friends, we will get more happiness and less sadness. 21 Be friendly to others. 22 You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be. That is exactly the first step of making friends. Realize your fear. Some of us see meeting new people as a terrible event. We are worried about making a bad impression (印象), how to let the conversation end and so on. Actually, all these fears are just in our heads. Be yourself. 23 Just be yourself. You can meet real friends when you are who you are. The truest friendship is built with both accepting each other for who they are. 24 This connection between you and the other one can only begin when your heart is open. You can’t form any new connection if you mistrust others. It’ll send the wrong information and cause them to close off their hearts to you, too. Be there for them. A friendship is a union (联盟) that supports two people. 25 When you help your friends, you should help unconditionally (无条件地). The satisfaction you get from helping others is greater than anything you can get in return. A．Don’t change yourself to make new friends. B．Here are some ways to make new friends. C．Open your heart. D．Don’t forget your friends’ birthday. E．Smile at others and you will be sure to get a smile in return. F．Give support to your friends as possible as you can. 【答案】21．B 22．E 23．A 24．C 25．F 【解析】本文介绍了朋友是我们一起走过人生的人。详细地介绍了朋友的重要性和交友的方法。 21．根据“Friends are the ones who we walk through life together. If we share our ups and downs, and pains and joys with our friends, we will get more happiness and less sadness.”及下文的介绍可知说的是朋友的重要性及如何交友，选项B“这里有一些结交新朋友的方法。”符合语境。故选B。 22．根据“Be friendly to others.”可知说的是友好，选项E“对别人微笑，你一定会得到微笑的回报。”符合语境。故选E。 23．根据“Be yourself.”可知说的是做你自己，选项A“不要为了交新朋友而改变自己。”符合语境。故选A。 24．根据“This connection between you and the other one can only begin when your heart is open.”可知说的是敞开心扉，选项C“敞开心扉。”符合语境。故选C。 25．根据“When you help your friends, you should help unconditionally (无条件地).”可知说的是帮助朋友，选项F“尽可能支持你的朋友。”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 6 We all want deep, long friendships with other people. Making friends, however, is as simple as it is difficult. 26 Here is some experts’ (专家的) advice. Accept the awkwardness (尴尬). Heather Havrilesky is an agony aunt (答读者问专栏作者). She points out that believing other people also need friends is important to making friends. “Many people think that everybody already has his or her friends,” she says. “ 27 Nobody already has their friends.” It is uncomfortable to send the first message or play one-on-one for the first time. You have to accept that awkwardness. You can’t have friends without feeling awkward.   Spend time on your hobbies. If you ask people how you can make new friends, many of them will tell you to try picking up a hobby. Havrilesky says that this truly works. “Do the things you like, and you will naturally draw people to you,” she says. “You will meet people with the same hobbies. ” You may start with your favorite hobby. If it doesn’t work out, remind yourself that you have many talents. 28 29 If you want to have deep friendships, you have to take care of them. In her book The Art of Showing Up, Rachel Wilkerson Miller shares two tips on strengthening friendships: (1) Take notes. Your notes will help you remember your conversations with your friends. 30 (2) Remember the names of people in your friends’ lives. You may ask to see pictures of the people they are talking about. They will help you to better remember these people in the future. A．You don’t have to be interested in just one thing. B．Why do you want to make friends? C．They will offer you points of connection later. D．Do you find it hard to make new friends? E．Care about your friends. F．This is a wrong idea. 【答案】26．D 27．F 28．A 29．E 30．C 【解析】本文介绍了如何与他人建立深厚而长久的友谊，并给出了一些专家的建议。 26．根据“Making friends, however, is as simple as it is difficult.”可知，交朋友既简单又困难。D选项“你觉得交新朋友难吗？”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 27．根据“Many people think that everybody already has his or her friends”和“Nobody already has their friends.”可知，下文是对上文观点的否定。F选项“这是一个错误的想法”引起下文，符合语境。故选F。 28．根据“You may start with your favorite hobby. If it doesn’t work out, remind yourself that you have many talents.”可知，你可以从你最喜欢的爱好开始，如果不行，提醒自己你还有很多才能。A选项“你不必只对一件事感兴趣。”进一步说明不必只局限于一个爱好，符合语境。故选A。 29．根据“If you want to have deep friendships, you have to take care of them.”以及全段可知，本段主要讲述的是要关心你的朋友，才能拥有深厚的友谊。E选项“关心你的朋友。”统领全段，符合语境。故选E。 30．根据“Take notes. Your notes will help you remember your conversations with your friends.”可知，记笔记将帮助你记住与朋友的对话。C选项“它们会在以后为你提供联系点。”进一步说明记笔记的好处，符合语境。故选C。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺，结构完整，其中有一项是多余选项。 True friends are very important. 31 But it’s not always easy to be a good friend. Here are some rules that you need to follow. Keep your promises (遵守诺言). If you say you’ll travel with a friend, don’t change your mind. 32 It’s OK to back out of things (收回诺言) sometimes, but your friend won’t trust you anymore if it often happens. 33 Don’t do all the talking. Listen carefully to what your friend wants to say. Let your friend know you care what he or she thinks. Be there when your friend needs you. If your friend is in hospital, you should visit him or her. 34 Let your friend feel that he or she can depend on (依靠) you. If he or she is a true friend, you can depend on him or her, too. Give your friend some space. Your friend won’t always want to be with you. Let your friend be alone sometimes. 35 It doesn’t mean he or she doesn’t care about you. A．Be a good listener. B．They can make you much happier in your life. C．You can share your problems with your friend. D．Don’t worry if your friend has lots of other friends. E．If your friend loses something important, please help find it. F．If you say you’ll invite your friend to a party, be sure to do it. 【答案】31．B 32．F 33．A 34．E 35．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了如何成为真正的朋友以及维系友谊的几条规则。 31．根据前文“True friends are very important.”和后文列举的交友准则可知，此处需强调朋友的重要性，选项B“他们能让你在生活中快乐得多”符合语境。故选B。 32．根据前文“Keep your promises (遵守诺言). If you say you’ll travel with a friend, don’t change your mind.”可知，此处需补充守信行为的例子，选项F“如果你说要邀请朋友参加派对，就一定要做到”符合语境。故选F。 33．根据后文“Don’t do all the talking. Listen carefully to what your friend wants to say.”可知，本段核心是“倾听”，选项A“做一个好的倾听者”符合语境。故选A。 34．根据前文“Be there when your friend needs you. If your friend is in hospital, you should visit him or her.”可知，此处需补充其他支持行为，选项E“如果你的朋友丢了重要的东西，请帮忙找找”符合语境。故选E。 35．根据前文“Give your friend some space. Your friend won’t always want to be with you. Let your friend be alone sometimes.”和后文“It doesn’t mean he or she doesn’t care about you.”可知，此处需呼应“给予空间”的主题，选项D“如果你的朋友有很多其他的朋友，不要担心”符合语境，强调包容朋友的社交圈。故选D。 Passage 8 阅读短文，从短文后A至F六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Xuzhou is a beautiful city in northern Jiangsu. 36 It is the hometown of Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty. Over 2,000 years ago, the Han Dynasty started here, and Xuzhou became an important royal (皇家的) city. 37 Xuzhou is famous for its three great Han cultural treasures: Han royal tombs (汉墓), Han terracotta warriors (汉兵马俑) and Han stone-carvings (汉画像石). 38 The ancient Han tombs look like huge underground palaces. The terracotta warriors show the powerful ancient army. The stone-carvings record people’s life, festivals and stories in the Han Dynasty. 39 Xuzhou Museum is a great place to learn about Han culture. 40 The most famous one is the jade suit sewn with gold thread. Every year, thousands of visitors come to Xuzhou to enjoy its special Han culture. A．They are like wonderful stone history books of the Han time. B．So Xuzhou has a long and great Han culture history. C．People call them the “Three Marvels of the Han Dynasty”. D．You can see lots of precious cultural relics there. E．It mixes ancient history with modern city life today. F．Many foreign students come to study modern science in Xuzhou. 【答案】36．E 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了徐州的位置、历史背景，以及徐州以汉代三绝（汉墓、汉兵马俑、汉画像石）为代表的独特汉代文化，还提到徐州博物馆是了解汉代文化的好去处，每年吸引大量游客来欣赏徐州独特的汉代文化。 36．第一段介绍徐州的概况，前文提到徐州是江苏北部的美丽城市，后文介绍它是汉高祖刘邦的故乡、汉代的发源地，选项E“It mixes ancient history with modern city life today.”承接前文对徐州的整体介绍，起到过渡衔接的作用，符合语境。 37．前文提到徐州是汉代发源地、重要皇家城市，选项B“So Xuzhou has a long and great Han culture history.”是对前文内容的总结，呼应了汉代相关的内容，逻辑连贯。 38．前文提到徐州的三大汉文化瑰宝，选项C“People call them the ‘Three Marvels of Han Dynasty’.”承接前文对这三项瑰宝的介绍，给它们冠名，符合行文逻辑。 39．前文介绍汉画像石的作用是记录汉代生活、节日和故事，选项A“They are like wonderful stone history books of the Han time.”呼应前文对汉画像石的描述，把汉画像石比作记载历史的书籍，语义衔接紧密。 40．前文提到徐州博物馆是了解汉文化的好地方，后文提到最著名的金缕玉衣，选项D“You can see lots of precious cultural relics there.”承接前文的徐州博物馆，引出馆内的珍贵文物，与后文的金缕玉衣对应，符合语境。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题08 阅读还原（六选五） 话题1 校园友谊 话题2 课后活动 话题3 学生在学习时远离无聊、保持专注的技巧 话题4 有效和无效的学习方式 话题5 学习英语的有效建议 话题6 如何通过压花的方法保存鲜花 ① 通读全文，理清框架 快速浏览文章，看懂文体（说明文居多，少量记叙文），抓每段中心； 弄清文章结构：总分、并列、递进； 重点看空格前后句，这两句是解题最关键线索。 ②通读选项，标记关键词 读所给的选项，圈出：代词（it/they/this/that/these/those）、逻辑词、名词。 代词必有指代对象！代词是阅读还原的第一大突破口。 ③瞻前顾后，匹配衔接，先易后难 优先做线索明显的空，不确定的空先跳过，不要死磕。 ④全部选完，回读验证 把选项代入原文通读，检查上下文话题连贯、逻辑通顺；核对多余的干扰项，确认无法填入任何位置。 话题1 校园友谊 （25-26八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）Friendship is one of the most important things in our school life. A good friend can make your days at school happy and full of laughter. When I think about my school life, I always think about my best friend, Lisa. We are in the same class and we sit next to each other. 1 Therefore (因此), we became friends on the first day of middle school. We always share our lunch, our stories, and even our secrets. 2 Last month, I was very worried about the history exam. I couldn’t remember all the dates and facts. Lisa is very good at history. She spent two afternoons after school helping me review history. 3 4 Sometimes we have fights about small things. But we never stay angry for long. Usually, the next day, we forget about it and laugh together again. 5 We plan to go to the same high school. I believe our friendship will last forever, and my school life will always be beautiful because of her. School life is not just about studying from books. It’s also about learning how to be a good friend and understanding the people around you. A．However, not everything is always perfect. B．True friends help each other when they are in trouble. C．We have a lot of common interests and we both love playing basketball. D．Thanks to her help, I did well in the exam. E．She often cheers me up when I am feeling down. F．I hope we can always be friends in the future. 话题2 课后活动 （25-26八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段检测）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Joining after-school activities is not only a great way to relax but also a chance to learn new skills, make friends and stay creative. 6 Be the Scientist Game 7 And as a scientist would do in that situation, you can see animals and note down their appearance and behavior. This activity will develop your sense of questioning things and understanding the basic development of living things. Make Natural Stamps You might have seen postal stamps, but have you thought about making natural stamps? 8 Then you can carefully put them on small pieces of wood or paper to create your own natural stamps. Begin a Cooking Project This is a great chance for those who are interested in baking, cooking, or just having fun with the food. 9 Therefore, you can simply start with sandwiches and go further up to your interest. Be a Player Activity Out of all Middle School Activities, this is special and good for your healthy lifestyle. 10 Practicing these sports will make you energetic and improve your overall health. In sum, these fresh middle school activities will not only keep you active and relaxed after school but also help you develop necessary skills that will benefit you in the long run. A．Get a pen and diary and go outside. B．You can perform running, jumping, racing, etc. C．Let’s explore some fresh middle school activities. D．However, this activity is a little bit challenging for beginners. E．Cooking offers beginners the chance to explore new food tastes. F．You can do it by collecting different kinds of tree leaves and flowers first. 话题3 学生在学习时远离无聊、保持专注的技巧 （25-26八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Studying is not always the most interesting task within your day, but it is a necessary (必要的) one. Even though (即使) you are asked to do so, you have got bored at one time or another while studying. 11 Find a suitable place to study Make sure you are in a place that can help you focus on your study. In this place, there are some things that have nothing to do with studying, such as your mobile phone. 12 You could be doing things other than studying. 13 Plan first. List what you need to finish and how long you need to finish it. If you know when you can go back to play sports or talk to your friends, you will be more likely to fix your attention on studies. Mix up your topics Change up the topics that you are studying. Mix up what you study every half an hour to an hour or so to keep boredom away. For example, study History for 45 minutes, Maths for 45 minutes, and English for 45 minutes. 14 Take notes as you go Take a notebook out and write down important notes while you are reading an article in a textbook. 15 While you are reading, you learn it once. While you are writing, you learn it again. 根据短文内容, 从所给选项中选出能够填入空白处的最佳选项。 (有一项多余) A．Make a time plan B．It is a good way to learn something new. C．Here are some tips for you to keep boredom away. D．Those things will make you feel bored while studying. E．You had better learn different subjects at the same time. F．Make sure you don’t spend all your time on one subject. 话题4 有效和无效的学习方式 （25-26八年级上·江苏南通·阶段检测）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。     There are some things that we don’t often think about, like walking, because there really is no need to. There are other things we don’t often think about, like learning, but we should. 16 However, many of us have no real idea what the best way to learn is. So a group of scientists in the USA interviewed some excellent students to find some answers. 17 Almost all students re-read when they are trying to learn new information. But if you read something again right after you finish learning it, there is almost no use. 18 Self-testing is one of the best ways of remembering new things. 19 You can just answer questions and see the answers at the back of a book, or you can ask and answer questions with a friend. Many students underline (标记) things when they are reading something for the first time or when they don’t really know if it is important or not. But this doesn’t help much with learning. 20 It is much better to try and learn less at one time and study it a few days later. A．Here are their findings. B．All through our lives, we are learning new things. C．The answers are very helpful to improve your reading. D．It’s also not a good way to spend hours learning without stopping. E．The way works best if you re-read something about four days after you first learned it. F．It is quick and easy and works well. 话题5 学习英语的有效建议 （25-26八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）阅读下面短文，从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺，结构完整，其中有一项是多余选项。 Do you like English? How do you study English? Most students want to be good at English. 21 Learn English like a baby. Babies learn their language slowly. First they learn to listen. 22 Finally, they can read and write. 23 Listen to English songs, watch English films or use online English lessons. Make an English/ESL friend. Make up dialogues and practice with your friends. You’d better use a beginner’s textbook. Write down new words. Buy a new word notebook. Write words in alphabetical order (A．..B．..C．..). 24 Always use an English-Chinese dictionary first. Keep an English diary. 25 You can choose some easy words to write about your life, like how you feel, how the weather is, and what you do today. Follow the advice above, and you’ll surely learn English better. A．Make some sentences. B．Then they learn to speak. C．Begin with easy sentences. D．Listen to English every day. E．Start with children’s storybooks. F．Here is some advice on learning English faster. 话题6 如何通过压花的方法保存鲜花 （25-26八年级上·江苏南通·期中）根据短文内容，从选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项 (选项中有一项为多余选项)。 What will happen after you bring some beautiful flowers home? They’ll soon dry up and die. It is a sad fact. But luckily, there is a good way that can help avoid the problem. You can press them and keep them forever. 26 Anna Zakirova is always interested in doing this for a long time. The Russian artist loved nature when she was a young girl. She liked all kinds of vegetables and flowers. Seven years ago, she began growing flowers in her garden. She was interested in keeping the color and beauty of the flowers. After trying out several different ways, she found that pressing worked best. The artist carefully presses each flower. Once the flowers are dry, she arranges them on a piece of paper. 27 The dried flowers are then put inside glass frames. They can be put up on your wall after it. Then you can enjoy the beauty of springtime all year round. If you want to keep your favorite flowers alive, why not do it yourself? 28 It also makes you feel closer to nature. The process of making dried flowers is very relaxing. “It gives you the joy of talking with nature and creating beauty,” says Zakirova. Besides, pressing flowers is not just a way to save flowers. 29 For example, you can use pressed flowers to decorate cards, notebooks or even phone cases. It turns simple items into unique works full of natural beauty. Some people may worry that pressing flowers is hard to do. 30 You just need a heavy book, some absorbent paper and your patience. Put the flower between two pieces of absorbent paper, place the book on top, and wait. In about a week, you’ll get a beautiful pressed flower. A．In fact, it’s much easier than most people think. B．Pressing flowers is not a new method, and many people have tried it. C．After arranging, she uses special glue to fix the flowers on the paper. D．It also lets you create more interesting things. E．It helps you keep your favorite flowers and calms your mind. F．This process needs a gentle touch to keep the flower petals safe. 阅读还原以完整语篇为载体，考查学生对语篇层面语言知识的运用，不止停留在单词、单句。 识别语篇衔接手段：理解代词（it/they/this）、逻辑连接词（but/because/also）、词汇复现（原词、同义词）的衔接功能； 读懂句子含义，区分句子功能：总起句、过渡句、举例句、总结句； 感知不同语篇结构：总分、并列、递进等篇章框架，看懂段落之间的联系； 理解句式特征，如小标题类文本的平行句式特点。 Passage 1 Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey. 1 , not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading ability in English, the following are just for you. Choose right reading materials. There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. 2 . Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content. Try to read word groups. Reading can both introduce you to new words and teach you how to use them. 3 . Read groups of words, or words that go together. 4 . Don’t try to understand everything. As you’re practicing your reading ability, you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK. Your brain can’t learn so many new things at once. 5 . And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later. A．Many words in English are often used together B．Reading well in English is useful for many reasons C．You can choose some famous English books to read D．Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult E．That will help you better understand how to use new words F．It’s more important to get the picture of what you are reading Passage 2 阅读下面的短文，从所给选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (选项中有两项为多余选项) Years ago, I was on a train ride into the city when I noticed a family getting on board. There were two little girls, their mom, and her friend, all of them with big bags. 6 One of the girls sat next to an older gentleman, who started talking with her. As the train ride went on, the little girl said that they were on their way to the children’s hospital in the city, where her sister Hayley was receiving treatment. 7 Towards the end of the ride, the man started writing something on a piece of paper. As the train stopped at his station, he rose and left his seat. 8 Then he got off the train before anyone had a chance to thank him. The mom was puzzled by the check at first. 9 She looked up, hoping to catch the man before he disappeared from view, but he was already gone. The moment left a lasting impression on everyone. 10 It also made many people wonder about the man’s story and what led him to do this for strangers on a train. A．As she looked at it, there was a smile of thankfulness. B．From what it looked like, they were going to be away for several days. C．Their bags took up so much room that some passengers felt uncomfortable. D．He walked over to the girl’s mom and handed her a check, saying, "That’s for Hayley. " E．It reminded us that small acts of kindness can make a big difference in someone’s day. F．Without asking more about it, the man spoke with the girls on and off during the journey. Passage 3 从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项是多余选项。 There are some skills for students to listen to the teacher in class, which means you’re going to have to practice it. Just as you would have to practice playing basketball to be a better player, you also have to practice listening. How to listen in school? 11 One of the things you need to do is to make sure that your mind doesn’t wander (漫游). It’s easy to start thinking about other things, especially when you’re not interested in the subject. 12 Next, listen to the main ideas. If you want to catch every little piece of information, you’ll feel tired and bored. 13 Not only does this show respect to the teacher, it also helps prevent your mind from wandering. 14 Or it could just be someone talking to their neighbors who shouldn’t be. It can even be some birds outside the classroom window, or a group of kids who are talking loudly as they pass the door to your room. Finally, You need to take notes because you will not remember everything the teacher said. You’ll have to take down the notes so that you can study it after class. 15 Listening isn’t always easy, but if you follow these simple steps, you’ll be much more successful in your classes. A．Here are some suggestions. B．You’ll also need to look at the teacher. C．Helping with each other is a good way. D．So make yourself pay attention to what the teacher is saying. E．It might be a friend who is trying to pass you a note. F．Taking notes also makes you pay attention to the class. Passage 4 Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class? Maybe you would say it is because the teacher’s class is boring. 16 17 Sleep helps our body heal, grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors say sleep is a must, not just advice. How much sleep do we need? Newborn babies sleep 20—22 hours, children need 10—12 hours, teenagers need 8—10 hours, and grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active. 18 That is why old people sleep less than young people. Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. 19 More surprisingly, some may even get up in their dreams and walk around. This is called “sleepwalking”. 20 In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits: bears sleep all through winter, swifts sleep while flying and giraffes sleep standing up. A．It’s not just people that love to snooze (打盹). B．Why do we need sleep? C．Some people talk in their dreams. D．However, the real reason is probably that we don’t have enough sleep. E．The older you get, the less sleep you will need. F．Some people never dream while they sleep. Passage 5 Friends are the ones who we walk through life together. If we share our ups and downs, and pains and joys with our friends, we will get more happiness and less sadness. 21 Be friendly to others. 22 You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be. That is exactly the first step of making friends. Realize your fear. Some of us see meeting new people as a terrible event. We are worried about making a bad impression (印象), how to let the conversation end and so on. Actually, all these fears are just in our heads. Be yourself. 23 Just be yourself. You can meet real friends when you are who you are. The truest friendship is built with both accepting each other for who they are. 24 This connection between you and the other one can only begin when your heart is open. You can’t form any new connection if you mistrust others. It’ll send the wrong information and cause them to close off their hearts to you, too. Be there for them. A friendship is a union (联盟) that supports two people. 25 When you help your friends, you should help unconditionally (无条件地). The satisfaction you get from helping others is greater than anything you can get in return. A．Don’t change yourself to make new friends. B．Here are some ways to make new friends. C．Open your heart. D．Don’t forget your friends’ birthday. E．Smile at others and you will be sure to get a smile in return. F．Give support to your friends as possible as you can. Passage 6 We all want deep, long friendships with other people. Making friends, however, is as simple as it is difficult. 26 Here is some experts’ (专家的) advice. Accept the awkwardness (尴尬). Heather Havrilesky is an agony aunt (答读者问专栏作者). She points out that believing other people also need friends is important to making friends. “Many people think that everybody already has his or her friends,” she says. “ 27 Nobody already has their friends.” It is uncomfortable to send the first message or play one-on-one for the first time. You have to accept that awkwardness. You can’t have friends without feeling awkward.   Spend time on your hobbies. If you ask people how you can make new friends, many of them will tell you to try picking up a hobby. Havrilesky says that this truly works. “Do the things you like, and you will naturally draw people to you,” she says. “You will meet people with the same hobbies. ” You may start with your favorite hobby. If it doesn’t work out, remind yourself that you have many talents. 28 29 If you want to have deep friendships, you have to take care of them. In her book The Art of Showing Up, Rachel Wilkerson Miller shares two tips on strengthening friendships: (1) Take notes. Your notes will help you remember your conversations with your friends. 30 (2) Remember the names of people in your friends’ lives. You may ask to see pictures of the people they are talking about. They will help you to better remember these people in the future. A．You don’t have to be interested in just one thing. B．Why do you want to make friends? C．They will offer you points of connection later. D．Do you find it hard to make new friends? E．Care about your friends. F．This is a wrong idea. Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺，结构完整，其中有一项是多余选项。 True friends are very important. 31 But it’s not always easy to be a good friend. Here are some rules that you need to follow. Keep your promises (遵守诺言). If you say you’ll travel with a friend, don’t change your mind. 32 It’s OK to back out of things (收回诺言) sometimes, but your friend won’t trust you anymore if it often happens. 33 Don’t do all the talking. Listen carefully to what your friend wants to say. Let your friend know you care what he or she thinks. Be there when your friend needs you. If your friend is in hospital, you should visit him or her. 34 Let your friend feel that he or she can depend on (依靠) you. If he or she is a true friend, you can depend on him or her, too. Give your friend some space. Your friend won’t always want to be with you. Let your friend be alone sometimes. 35 It doesn’t mean he or she doesn’t care about you. A．Be a good listener. B．They can make you much happier in your life. C．You can share your problems with your friend. D．Don’t worry if your friend has lots of other friends. E．If your friend loses something important, please help find it. F．If you say you’ll invite your friend to a party, be sure to do it. Passage 8 阅读短文，从短文后A至F六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Xuzhou is a beautiful city in northern Jiangsu. 36 It is the hometown of Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty. Over 2,000 years ago, the Han Dynasty started here, and Xuzhou became an important royal (皇家的) city. 37 Xuzhou is famous for its three great Han cultural treasures: Han royal tombs (汉墓), Han terracotta warriors (汉兵马俑) and Han stone-carvings (汉画像石). 38 The ancient Han tombs look like huge underground palaces. The terracotta warriors show the powerful ancient army. The stone-carvings record people’s life, festivals and stories in the Han Dynasty. 39 Xuzhou Museum is a great place to learn about Han culture. 40 The most famous one is the jade suit sewn with gold thread. Every year, thousands of visitors come to Xuzhou to enjoy its special Han culture. A．They are like wonderful stone history books of the Han time. B．So Xuzhou has a long and great Han culture history. C．People call them the “Three Marvels of the Han Dynasty”. D．You can see lots of precious cultural relics there. E．It mixes ancient history with modern city life today. F．Many foreign students come to study modern science in Xuzhou. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $