精品解析：上海华东师范大学第三附属中学2026-2027学年第一学期第一次阶段测试高三英语试题

华东师大三附中2026学年第一学期第一次阶段测试 高三英语试题 时间：105分钟 满分： 115分 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Several years ago, a co-worker invited me over for a classic social tradition: a game night. I don’t like board games. When I’m hanging out with others, I much prefer the free flow of conversation _____1_____ the structure of competition. _____2_____ someone starts explaining the game rules, my brain tends to involuntarily tune out, a defense mechanism against unwanted and useless information. So obviously, eager to make new friends. I told my co-work I was in. The evening was disappointing. An alarmingly complex game was first explained and then repeated, upon my request. I _____3_____ (assure) that I’d “get it after a couple of rounds,” which never happened. I was so bad that I was ruining everyone eles’s experience with my unpredictable plays and constant need _____4_____ (remind) of what was happening. _____5_____ these people kindly became my friends anyway, I was never invited back to another game night. “We just know you’re not really a game person, ” one of them later told me, eyes _____6_____ (slide) sideward. Not being a game person nowadays can make one feel like an exception. Board games, which in 2021 were a $13. 4 billion global market, are surging in popularity. There are people who love socializing through games in every town, _____7_____ makes my resistance to them feel unacceptable. Maybe, I thought, I was missing _____8_____ about the social value of games. Games can reveal people’s core qualities: how they react when they’re stressed, how they cooperate in a team, or how they behave when they win or lose. However, I still have a general sense _____9_____ they’re a silly way to pass time. When I think about the leisure activities I “indulge” in, such as cycling, they tend to have bonus benefits. Through cycling, my friends and I can share experiences that simulate the variable conditions of life: joy and pain, uncertainty and achievement. We can all reap rewards from bonding through playful activities: ______10______ we see as play just varies. I get that now. But to be clear, there’s still no need to invite me to your game night. Section B (10’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. approaching B. desperately C. extensively D. gains E. impact F. launched G. revolutionary H. sandwiched I. securing J. shaved K. wear Do better shoes help you run faster? Modern competitive running entered a new era in 2016, when Nike began distributing a prototype trainer to elite runners. The new shoes were designed to look like Nike’s top publicly available model, the Zoom Streak 6, but the soles featured a(n) ___11___ new design. And regular runners were able to get their hands on them in 2017 when the company ____12____ the Zoom Vaporfly 4%, the first true super shoe. “Most super shoes follow the same pattern,” explains Jens Jakob Andersen, founder of RunRepeat. They typically have curved soles made of a hard carbon plate ____13____ between layers of specially engineered springy foam. The carbon plate is often very thick — up to 40mm tall at the heel. These features make running easier. Platformed soles encourage a slightly longer stride, which means fewer steps per kilometre. And a soft base, which absorbs ___14___ before bouncing back up, eases the pressure on leg muscles. The results speak for themselves. Studies estimate that the high-tech trainers have ____15____ between one and four minutes off elite marathon times. Regular runners benefit too. In 2019 the New York Times analyzed real-world marathon data to measure the speed ____16____ owed to Nike’s Vaporfly. They found that runners wearing super shoes completed races 4-5% faster than those in average trainers. However, ___17___ this extra speed demands a substantial expenditure. Adidas’s top model, the Pro Evo 1 — worn by Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa during her record-breaking Berlin marathon in 2023 — cost $500. And, as the miles add up, most super shoes quickly lose grip and the foam in the sole wears out, dampening their signature springiness. So, with a big race ____18____, runners may wonder about the best sneaker strategy. In Mr. Andersen’s opinion, super shoes should be broken in a little: he suggests around 20-50km of pre-race use, to improve race-day performance since some foams get bouncier after a small amount of ___19___. Buying a new pair of shoes for every race makes an expensive habit, but it could be worth it for those ____20____ chasing a personal best. III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A/B/C /D. Fi ll in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go? In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology, a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the ____21____ of our world around them. The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us to grasp not only the ____22____ of Earth, but also the significance of human beings in the universe. Moreover, as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment, a science-based education seems to be well ____23____ to humanity’s inquisitive nature. ____24____, it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world. Certainly, it equips us with the knowledge of ____25____ which is necessary for us to make sense of the world. By laying the foundation of the skills in students, they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as ____26____ by science today. A classic example is Gregor Mendel’s famous pea plant experiment. Without this, we would not have understood the ____27____ of our genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents. Additionally, the scientific method highlights the importance of ____28____, which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge. In a typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles. Besides, a science-based education empowers us to ____29____ preconceived(预想的) concepts instead of merely accepting “facts” at face value. Despite its ____30____, a science-based education does not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can’t be rationalized through the scientific method. Though it explains how the world works, it is lacking as it does not ____31____ much about why things happen. For example, science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery, but it can’t explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it. Thus, to ____32____, the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large. Moreover, science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great ____33____to the world. A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well ____34____ the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events. For instance, it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable. In conclusion, a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics, values and the humanities would ____35____ students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world. 21. A. mechanics B. inventions C. truths D. objectives 22. A. significance B. evolution C. composition D. prospect 23. A. subjected B. reduced C. entitled D. tailored 24. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore 25. A. doubt B. suspicion C. inquiry D. consultation 26. A. framed B. explained C. assessed D. justified 27. A. dependence B. burst C. consciousness D. function 28. A. objectivity B. illustration C. curiosity D. inquiry 29. A. deny B. challenge C. dismiss D. highlight 30. A. margins B. expenses C. initiatives D. virtues 31. A. worry B. care C. reveal D. enclose 32. A. draw a parallel B. make ends meet C. strike a balance D. make a comparison 33. A. cost B. advantage C. discount D. angle 34. A. underline B. prioritize C. further D. neglect 35. A. assist B. furnish C. occupy D. engage Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Every questions are provided with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson, he explained. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year. The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism—as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people—we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth. I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail.（I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.） Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely—everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable; this isn't a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected—"sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying—but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us. 36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found ________. A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against B. there was a shortage of good quality columns C. writers could hardly find a place to share their likes D. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership 37. The word "ode"（in paragraph 2）is closest in meaning to ________. A. praise B. blame C. hesitation D. determination 38. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To give an example of the writerly tone. B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers. C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works. D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column. 39. The writer hopes that in the column, ________. A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readers B. the recommended items should follow the latest trend C. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendations D. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation B Lily Studying abroad is an area that is becoming increasingly interesting for researchers, as more students are choosing to do a semester, a year or even a degree in another country. In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home country, Using a comparative study of 50 Canadian undergraduates, half of whom studied abroad for varying lengths of time, there were shown to be considering gains in global awareness and these were not only noted by the students themselves but also their tutors. Thomas My research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences. Having begun the diary a month before leaving home they continued it for a month after they returned. The primary reason for studying abroad in all cases was to polish their language skill. The students were allowed to write as freely as they wished by were asked to include comments on their language learning experience as well as on the strategies they used to cope with living in a new culture. Analysing the diaries, we found remarkably similar patterns. All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience. Jasmine This paper reports on some research carried out last year into why students choose a period of study abroad, their reasons for selecting a specific destination, their behaviour when abroad and the extent to which the experience matches their expectations. Having administered a questionnaire to 1,000 international students studying at a number of universities in Australia, we got 696 responses. An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual's personality and study interests. Country of origin and 'gender proved less significant than expected. Jimmy This research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad. Concerned about the lack of cultural awareness of their staff, a group of US business corporations proposed the research. The results are less conclusive than expected, but they do suggest that a period of study in a foreign country may help students to develop the cross-cultural awareness that US employers currently seek. 40. The passage is mainly about four researchers' findings on ________. A. the reasons for young students to study abroad B. the impact and effects of studying in another country C. the trend of more students furthering their study abroad D. the interest of students who once studied in another country 41. ________used the subjects' personal account as the research material. A. Lily B. Thomas C. Jasmine D. Jimmy 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Most of the researchers found the students global awareness increased. B. All of the researchers took a reserved attitude towards studying abroad. C. None of the researchers thought gender played a role in students' choice. D. Only one of the researchers did research on the subjects' career development. C What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions? Go vegetarian? Replant the Amazon? Cycle to work? None of the above. The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that. Air-conditioning is one of the world’s great overlooked industries. Automobiles and air-conditioners were invented at roughly the same time, and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work. Unlike cars, though, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact, emissions or energy efficiency. Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use. Yet air-conditioning has done quite a lot things to benefit humankind. It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world. In Europe, its spread has pushed down heat-related deaths ten times less than what it was in 2003, when 70,000 people, most of them elderly, died in a heatwave. For children, air-conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school. Environmentalists who call air-conditioning “a luxury we cannot afford” have half a point, however. In the next ten years, as many air-conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902 (when air-conditioning was invented) and 2005. Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions, these extra machines will warm the world. At the moment, therefore, air-conditioners create a vicious cycle. The more the earth warms, the more people need them. But the more there are, the warmer the world will be. Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things (beyond turning up the thermostat(温度调节器) to make rooms less Arctic). First, air-conditioners must become much more efficient. The most energy-efficient models on the market today consume only about one-third as much electricity as average ones. Minimum energy-performance standards need to be raised, or introduced in countries that lack them altogether, to push the average unit’s performance closer to the standard of the best. Next, manufacturers should stop using damaging refrigerants. One category of these, hydrofluorocarbons, is over 1,000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere. An international deal to phase out these pollutants, called the Kigali amendment, will come into force in 2019. Foot-draggers should approve and implement it; America is one country that has not done so. Last, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade, or with natural air-circulation. Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down. Better machines are necessary. But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air-conditioning is to fulfil its promise to make people healthier, wealthier and wiser, without too high an environmental cost. Providing indoor sanctuaries of air-conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world. 43. Why does the author think air-conditioning is an overlooked industry？ A. Because many hot countries haven’t put the energy-controlling rules into force. B. Because it has caused the same impact on people’s life and work as automobiles have. C. Because it has brought great economic, physical, and educational benefits to humans. D. Because it doesn’t get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do. 44. What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. The price of air-conditioning will go up due to the large demand for it. B. A high environmental cost will come along with the air-conditioning service. C. Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world. D. Governments partially agree that air-conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford. 45. With regard to the measures to cut the impact of cooling, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons. B. People should avoid turning up the air-conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days. C. People should adopt more environmentally-friendly materials when designing buildings. D. Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants. 46. The author writes this passage to _______. A. arouse people’s attention to the global warming. B. appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warming. C. give credit to air-conditioning for its great contributions to humans D. offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions Section C Directions: Read the following passage and then choose the most suitable sentences from the list below for the passage. Note that there are two extra sentences. Directions: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A- AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps. Usually when you hear the word trilogy in the film world you think about summer blockbusters with massive explosions, aliens or machines destroying earth and morons with enhanced muscles quickly driving expensive cars, but somehow Richard Linklater’s wonderfully touching Before series (Before sunrise, Before Sunset & Before Midnight) has found a way to slip though the cracks. Just like what he did with the first two films, Linklater brings us back into lesse & Celine’s evolving love story an astonishing nine years after the last chapter. ____47____. And Linklater himself also quickly answers the question to those in the audience wondering if there is still a story left to tell. As is the case with the first two films, Before Midnight feels incredibly real. ____48____. The three have found a way to write dialogue that is related to every human on the planet. the script is hilarious, but dramatically turns on a dime all while continuing to break the normal rules of Hollywood by being a “talkie” with extremely long scenes and minimal camera angles. Most filmmakers couldn’t even dream of accomplishing what Linklater and the two actors have perfected for the third straight time. Hawke and Delpy are brilliant and a revelation to watch. They embody Jesse & Celine with a realistic persona not found in many other films today. Whether it’s because the two actors helped write their story, or if they’ve just lived inside these characters for so long is hard to say. ____49____. By showcasing the flaws we all have, Before Midnight isn’t always easy to watch, but its pure honesty makes it one of the best movies to date. ____50____ . But loyal fans of Jesse & Celine are sure to be pleased by this latest chapter and cannot wait to see what happens in the next 9 years. A. Whatever the case, Jesse & Celine may be the most realistic believable characters in the history of American cinema. B. The script, which Linklater co-wrote with the two lead stars Ethan Hawke & Julie Delpy, is nothing short of perfect. C. The idea the three films intend to express is that what truly connects two souls is not love or attachment, but understanding. D. Those looking for a sappy Hollywood love story may not appreciate this honest reflection of life that the film provides. E. It is no exaggeration to say that Linkerlater’s Before series have shaped many people’s concept of love or how they perceive love. F. For those of us ‘Before’ fans sitting on the edge of our seats the past near decade wondering whether they make it happen or not, now we finally have our answer. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Blowing a Few Tops Ever stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions? It’s not all death, destruction and hot liquid rock—scientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one such eruption. Solar geoengineering involves simulating a volcano by spraying aerosols(气溶胶) into the atmosphere. When they combine with oxygen, droplets of sulfuric acid (硫酸) form. These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth, cooling the planet. All good in theory, but the consequences are largely unknown and a few could be disastrous. In a study recently published in Nature Communications, researchers led by Anthony Jones, a climate scientist from the University of Exeter, found that using this technology in the Northern Hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical winds hitting the U.S. and Caribbean. But there's an annoying exchange: more winds in the Southern Hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa. That’s because the entire climate system is linked—disrupting one region will invariably affect another. How would a nation react if another was causing its weather to get much worse? Would that be an act of war? There is, however, a case for using solar geoengineering on a global scale. Jones says it could be used to “take the edge off” the temperature increases scientists are predicting. It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies. The study also highlights a far bigger problem with solar geoengineering: its complete lack of regulation. “There’s nothing that could stop one country just doing it,” Jones says. “You only need about 100 aircraft with three flights per day. It would cost $1 billion to $10 billion per year.” He adds, “It’s deeply disturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence on the climate, yet there’s just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it.” Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand, as well as far more work that will need to be done before solar geoengineering is considered safe—or too dangerous to even discuss. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他用水壶烧了些水，为我泡了一杯茶。(boil)（汉译英） 53. 这个村庄位于山间，这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里。(inaccessible)(汉译英) 54. 用机器人来给病人动手术听上去像是天方夜谭，但这家高科技公司正在努力使它成为现实。（operate）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 55. 鉴于这个计划风险太大，虽然设计者的分析听上去很合理，政府最终没有采纳。(risky) VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报正在举行主题为“幸福的源泉”的征文活动，你有意参加。写一篇短文，内容须包括： 1.简单阐述你对幸福的理解； 2.详细说明你认为什么可以给你带来幸福，并说明你的理由。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 华东师大三附中2026学年第一学期第一次阶段测试 高三英语试题 时间：105分钟 满分： 115分 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Several years ago, a co-worker invited me over for a classic social tradition: a game night. I don’t like board games. When I’m hanging out with others, I much prefer the free flow of conversation _____1_____ the structure of competition. _____2_____ someone starts explaining the game rules, my brain tends to involuntarily tune out, a defense mechanism against unwanted and useless information. So obviously, eager to make new friends. I told my co-work I was in. The evening was disappointing. An alarmingly complex game was first explained and then repeated, upon my request. I _____3_____ (assure) that I’d “get it after a couple of rounds,” which never happened. I was so bad that I was ruining everyone eles’s experience with my unpredictable plays and constant need _____4_____ (remind) of what was happening. _____5_____ these people kindly became my friends anyway, I was never invited back to another game night. “We just know you’re not really a game person, ” one of them later told me, eyes _____6_____ (slide) sideward. Not being a game person nowadays can make one feel like an exception. Board games, which in 2021 were a $13. 4 billion global market, are surging in popularity. There are people who love socializing through games in every town, _____7_____ makes my resistance to them feel unacceptable. Maybe, I thought, I was missing _____8_____ about the social value of games. Games can reveal people’s core qualities: how they react when they’re stressed, how they cooperate in a team, or how they behave when they win or lose. However, I still have a general sense _____9_____ they’re a silly way to pass time. When I think about the leisure activities I “indulge” in, such as cycling, they tend to have bonus benefits. Through cycling, my friends and I can share experiences that simulate the variable conditions of life: joy and pain, uncertainty and achievement. We can all reap rewards from bonding through playful activities: ______10______ we see as play just varies. I get that now. But to be clear, there’s still no need to invite me to your game night. 【答案】1. to 2. The moment 3. was assured 4. to be reminded 5. Although 6. sliding 7. which 8. something 9. that 10. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了几年前，一位同事邀请作者参加一个经典的社交传统：“游戏之夜”的故事。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：当我和别人出去玩的时候，我更喜欢自由的对话，而不是竞争的结构。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语prefer sth to sth“喜欢某事胜过某事”，所以此处为介词to的填入。故填to。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：当有人开始解释游戏规则时，我的大脑往往会不由自主地关闭，这是一种防御机制，可以抵御不必要和无用的信息。分析句子可知，此处为连词The moment表示“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故填The moment。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：有人向我保证，我“几轮之后就会得到它”，但这从未发生过。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语I和动词assure为被动关系，表示“我被使确信”，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was assured。 【4题详解】 考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：我太糟糕了，因为我的不可预测的表演和不断需要被提醒发生了什么，我破坏了其他人的体验。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词短语unpredictable plays and constant need，表示“将要做的事情”，unpredictable plays and constant need和动词remind为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构。故填to be reminded。 【5题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管这些人友善地成为了我的朋友，但我再也没有被邀请参加另一个游戏之夜。分析句子可知，此处为连词Although表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Although。 【6题详解】 考查独立主格结构。句意：我们只知道你不是一个真正的游戏爱好者，其中一人后来告诉我，眼睛移向一边。分析句子可知，此处为独立主格结构，此处动词应为非谓语形式，eyes和slide为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填sliding。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：每个城镇都有喜欢通过游戏进行社交的人，这让我觉得无法接受他们的抵制。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分。故填which。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意：我想，也许我忽略了游戏的社交价值。根据句意以及空后about介词可知，此处为代词something表示“一些事情”，构成something about“一些关于”，满足句意要求。故填something。 【9题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：然而，我仍然觉得它们是一种消磨时间的愚蠢方式。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的同位语从句，对先行词sense的解释和说明。故填that。 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：我们所看到的游戏只是不同的。分析句子可知，we see as play是主语从句，该主语从句缺少宾语，所以应该用连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“……的事物”。故填what。 Section B (10’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. approaching B. desperately C. extensively D. gains E. impact F. launched G. revolutionary H. sandwiched I. securing J. shaved K. wear Do better shoes help you run faster? Modern competitive running entered a new era in 2016, when Nike began distributing a prototype trainer to elite runners. The new shoes were designed to look like Nike’s top publicly available model, the Zoom Streak 6, but the soles featured a(n) ___11___ new design. And regular runners were able to get their hands on them in 2017 when the company ____12____ the Zoom Vaporfly 4%, the first true super shoe. “Most super shoes follow the same pattern,” explains Jens Jakob Andersen, founder of RunRepeat. They typically have curved soles made of a hard carbon plate ____13____ between layers of specially engineered springy foam. The carbon plate is often very thick — up to 40mm tall at the heel. These features make running easier. Platformed soles encourage a slightly longer stride, which means fewer steps per kilometre. And a soft base, which absorbs ___14___ before bouncing back up, eases the pressure on leg muscles. The results speak for themselves. Studies estimate that the high-tech trainers have ____15____ between one and four minutes off elite marathon times. Regular runners benefit too. In 2019 the New York Times analyzed real-world marathon data to measure the speed ____16____ owed to Nike’s Vaporfly. They found that runners wearing super shoes completed races 4-5% faster than those in average trainers. However, ___17___ this extra speed demands a substantial expenditure. Adidas’s top model, the Pro Evo 1 — worn by Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa during her record-breaking Berlin marathon in 2023 — cost $500. And, as the miles add up, most super shoes quickly lose grip and the foam in the sole wears out, dampening their signature springiness. So, with a big race ____18____, runners may wonder about the best sneaker strategy. In Mr. Andersen’s opinion, super shoes should be broken in a little: he suggests around 20-50km of pre-race use, to improve race-day performance since some foams get bouncier after a small amount of ___19___. Buying a new pair of shoes for every race makes an expensive habit, but it could be worth it for those ____20____ chasing a personal best. 【答案】11. G 12. F 13. H 14. E 15. J 16. D 17. I 18. A 19. K 20. B 【解析】 【导语】文章围绕超级跑鞋展开，介绍了其设计原理、对跑步成绩的提升效果、高昂成本与损耗问题，以及赛前磨合的使用建议。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：新鞋的外观设计模仿了耐克公开出售的顶级型号Zoom Streak 6，但鞋底采用了一种革命性的新设计。空处修饰名词design，需填形容词；根据“Modern competitive running entered a new era in 2016”可推知，这款鞋开启了竞技跑步的新时代，其鞋底设计具有颠覆性；用形容词revolutionary作定语，意为“革命性的”。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：2017年，当该公司推出Zoom Vaporfly 4%时，普通跑者也能买到这双鞋了，这是第一双真正的超级跑鞋。空处所在从句缺少谓语，需填动词；根据“regular runners were able to get their hands on them in 2017”可推知，公司在这一年将产品推向市场；用动词launch作谓语，意为“推出，发布”，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态launched。 【13题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：它们通常有弯曲的鞋底，由一块坚硬的碳板夹在特殊设计的弹性泡沫层之间构成。根据“between layers of specially engineered springy foam”可推知，碳板被夹在两层泡沫之间；用动词sandwich的过去分词sandwiched作后置定语，意为“被夹在……之间”。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：柔软的鞋底能吸收冲击力，然后回弹，从而减轻腿部肌肉的压力。根据“eases the pressure on leg muscles”可推知，鞋底先吸收跑步落地时的冲击，再回弹以减轻肌肉负担；用名词impact作宾语，意为“冲击力”。 【15题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：研究估计，这些高科技训练鞋将精英马拉松成绩缩短了一到四分钟。空处前有have，需填过去分词构成现在完成时；根据“between one and four minutes off elite marathon times”可推知，超级跑鞋让完赛时间被削减；用动词shave作谓语，意为“削减”，用过去分词构成现在完成时态have shaved。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：2019年，《纽约时报》分析了真实的马拉松数据，以衡量耐克Vaporfly所带来的速度提升。根据“runners wearing super shoes completed races 4-5% faster”可推知，此处指超级跑鞋带来的速度增益；用名词gains作宾语，意为“提升，增益”。 【17题详解】 考查动名词。句意：然而，要获得这种额外的速度，需要付出高昂的代价。根据“this extra speed demands a substantial expenditure”可推知，想要获得速度提升就必须付出高昂费用；用动词secure的动名词形式securing作主语，意为“获得”。 【18题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：因此，当一场大型比赛即将到来时，跑者们可能会思考最佳的跑鞋策略。根据“runners may wonder about the best sneaker strategy”可推知，此处指比赛临近时的情况；用动词approach作with复合结构中宾语补足语，意为“靠近，临近”，与其逻辑主语a big race之间是主动关系，用现在分词approaching表主动。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：他建议赛前使用约20至50公里，以提升比赛日的表现，因为有些泡沫在少量磨损后会变得更有弹性。根据“super shoes should be broken in a little”可推知，此处指鞋子经过少量穿着磨损后泡沫性能反而更好；用名词wear作介词宾语，意为“磨损”。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：每场比赛都买一双新鞋是个昂贵的习惯，但对于那些拼命追求个人最好成绩的人来说，这可能是值得的。根据“chasing a personal best”可推知，这类跑者为了突破个人纪录会不惜代价；用副词desperately修饰chasing，意为“拼命地”，作状语。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A/B/C /D. Fi ll in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go? In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology, a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the ____21____ of our world around them. The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us to grasp not only the ____22____ of Earth, but also the significance of human beings in the universe. Moreover, as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment, a science-based education seems to be well ____23____ to humanity’s inquisitive nature. ____24____, it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world. Certainly, it equips us with the knowledge of ____25____ which is necessary for us to make sense of the world. By laying the foundation of the skills in students, they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as ____26____ by science today. A classic example is Gregor Mendel’s famous pea plant experiment. Without this, we would not have understood the ____27____ of our genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents. Additionally, the scientific method highlights the importance of ____28____, which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge. In a typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles. Besides, a science-based education empowers us to ____29____ preconceived(预想的) concepts instead of merely accepting “facts” at face value. Despite its ____30____, a science-based education does not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can’t be rationalized through the scientific method. Though it explains how the world works, it is lacking as it does not ____31____ much about why things happen. For example, science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery, but it can’t explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it. Thus, to ____32____, the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large. Moreover, science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great ____33____to the world. A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well ____34____ the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events. For instance, it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable. In conclusion, a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics, values and the humanities would ____35____ students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world. 21. A. mechanics B. inventions C. truths D. objectives 22. A. significance B. evolution C. composition D. prospect 23. A. subjected B. reduced C. entitled D. tailored 24. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore 25. A. doubt B. suspicion C. inquiry D. consultation 26. A. framed B. explained C. assessed D. justified 27. A. dependence B. burst C. consciousness D. function 28. A. objectivity B. illustration C. curiosity D. inquiry 29. A. deny B. challenge C. dismiss D. highlight 30. A. margins B. expenses C. initiatives D. virtues 31. A. worry B. care C. reveal D. enclose 32. A. draw a parallel B. make ends meet C. strike a balance D. make a comparison 33. A. cost B. advantage C. discount D. angle 34. A. underline B. prioritize C. further D. neglect 35. A. assist B. furnish C. occupy D. engage 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了以科学为基础的教育是否正确的问题，解释了以科学为基础的教育的优缺点。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们严重依赖科学技术的当今时代，以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。A. mechanics机械学；B. inventions发明；C. truths真理；D. objectives目标。根据后文“The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy”可知，此处指以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学的各个学科，如生物学和天文学，当然不仅帮助我们掌握地球的进化，而且还帮助我们掌握人类在宇宙中的意义。A. significance重要性；B. evolution进化；C. composition作品；D. prospect预期。根据上文“The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us to grasp not only the”指这些学科帮助学生掌握地球的进化。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性。A. subjected使遭受；B. reduced减少；C. entitled使享受权利；D. tailored定制，迎合。根据上文“people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment”可知，人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性，tailor此处表示“迎合”符合语境。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，以科学为基础的教育是否能够描绘出世界的完整图景仍然值得怀疑。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Instead反而；D. Therefore因此。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，它使我们具备探究的知识，这是我们理解世界所必需的。A. doubt怀疑；B. suspicion猜想；C. inquiry探究，询问；D. consultation商讨。后文“A classic example is Gregor Mendel’s famous pea plant experiment.”提出了孟德尔著名的豌豆植物实验，说明以科学为基础的教育让学生学会探究，从而理解世界。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能。A. framed制订；B. explained解释；C. assessed评估；D. justified证明。根据上文“discover the world as”此处指当今科学所解释的世界，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。A. dependence依赖；B. burst爆发；C. consciousness知觉；D. function功能。根据后文“of our genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents”可知，通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能，如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学方法强调客观性的重要性，这是获取知识的工具。A. objectivity客观性；B. illustration插图；C. curiosity好奇心；D. inquiry询问。根据后文“In a typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.(在典型的以科学为基础的教育体系中，学生被教导客观地分析经验数据并得出科学原理)”可知，科学方法强调了客观性。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。A. deny否认；B. challenge挑战；C. dismiss解散；D. highlight突出。根据后文“instead of merely accepting “facts” at face value.”指以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有其优点，但以科学为基础的教育并不总能让我们了解无法通过科学方法合理化的世界的某些方面。A. margins利润；B. expenses花费；C. initiatives积极性；D. virtues优点。上文主要说明了以科学为基础的教育帮助学生理解世界，发展自身能力，即优点。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然它解释了世界是如何运作的，但它并没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，因此存在不足。A. worry担心；B. care关心；C. reveal揭露；D. enclose包围。根据后文“much about why things happen”指这种教育没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，存在不足。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，为了达到平衡，艺术为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。A. draw a parallel作比较；B. make ends meet收支平衡；C. strike a balance达到平衡；D. make a comparison进行比较。根据后文“the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large”可知，艺术是为了平衡科学的不足，为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。A. cost花费；B. advantage优势；C. discount打折；D. angle角度。根据后文提到以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究，说明科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。A. underline强调；B. prioritize优先考虑；C. further促进；D. neglect忽视。根据上文“A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs”可知，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。A. assist帮助；B. furnish提供，配备家具；C. occupy占据；D. engage参与。根据后文“students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world”此处指以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。furnish with表示“为……提供”。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Every questions are provided with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson, he explained. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year. The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism—as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people—we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth. I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail.（I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.） Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely—everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable; this isn't a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected—"sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying—but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us. 36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found ________. A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against B. there was a shortage of good quality columns C. writers could hardly find a place to share their likes D. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership 37. The word "ode"（in paragraph 2）is closest in meaning to ________. A. praise B. blame C. hesitation D. determination 38. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To give an example of the writerly tone. B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers. C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works. D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column. 39. The writer hopes that in the column, ________. A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readers B. the recommended items should follow the latest trend C. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendations D. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文讲述了山姆安德森提出要创办一个名为“推荐信”的专栏，让作家讨论自己喜欢的东西。作者对此专栏提出了自己的一些看法。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love.”可知，萨姆发现，虽然有很多地方可以发现作家们讨厌什么，但作家们却很少有地方可以谈论他们喜欢什么。由此可知，山姆·安德森提出了一个名为“推荐信”的专栏，因为他发现作家们几乎找不到一个地方来分享他们的喜好。故选C项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't.”可知，即使你不同意，批评也容易引起人们的兴趣，但ode却不同。but前后为转折关系，前半句是批评，由此判断出，ode指的是赞扬,故选A项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people—we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject.”可知，同时，喜欢与我们的个性是分不开的，因为我们喜欢某些东西往往是出于奇怪的原因。当这个专栏真正起作用的时候，它既能揭示作者，也能揭示主题。由此判断出这位30多岁的作家就是一个例子来说明作家是如何在专栏中展现自己的。故选D项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected”可知，建议本身应该是出人意料的。由此可知，作者希望在专栏中，读者会发现这些建议超出了他们的预料。故选D项。 B Lily Studying abroad is an area that is becoming increasingly interesting for researchers, as more students are choosing to do a semester, a year or even a degree in another country. In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home country, Using a comparative study of 50 Canadian undergraduates, half of whom studied abroad for varying lengths of time, there were shown to be considering gains in global awareness and these were not only noted by the students themselves but also their tutors. Thomas My research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences. Having begun the diary a month before leaving home they continued it for a month after they returned. The primary reason for studying abroad in all cases was to polish their language skill. The students were allowed to write as freely as they wished by were asked to include comments on their language learning experience as well as on the strategies they used to cope with living in a new culture. Analysing the diaries, we found remarkably similar patterns. All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience. Jasmine This paper reports on some research carried out last year into why students choose a period of study abroad, their reasons for selecting a specific destination, their behaviour when abroad and the extent to which the experience matches their expectations. Having administered a questionnaire to 1,000 international students studying at a number of universities in Australia, we got 696 responses. An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual's personality and study interests. Country of origin and 'gender proved less significant than expected. Jimmy This research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad. Concerned about the lack of cultural awareness of their staff, a group of US business corporations proposed the research. The results are less conclusive than expected, but they do suggest that a period of study in a foreign country may help students to develop the cross-cultural awareness that US employers currently seek. 40. The passage is mainly about four researchers' findings on ________. A. the reasons for young students to study abroad B. the impact and effects of studying in another country C. the trend of more students furthering their study abroad D. the interest of students who once studied in another country 41. ________used the subjects' personal account as the research material. A. Lily B. Thomas C. Jasmine D. Jimmy 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Most of the researchers found the students global awareness increased. B. All of the researchers took a reserved attitude towards studying abroad. C. None of the researchers thought gender played a role in students' choice. D. Only one of the researchers did research on the subjects' career development. 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要是关于四位研究人员关于“在外国学习的影响和作用”的发现。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据Lily“In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home country（在我的研究中，我着手确定在国外上课的年轻人是否比在本国上同类课程的学生获得更多的全球意识。）”中的more global awareness可知，Lily主要研究留学生是否有更多“全球意识”；根据Thomas“All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience.（所有参与者都表现出对其他文化差异的逐渐认识和接受，以及由于他们的经验而对自己的文化有了新的客观性。）”中的a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures可知，Thomas主要研究留学生的“文化差异的接受度”；根据Jasmine “An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual's personality and study interests.（对这些回答的初步分析揭示了一些有趣的数据，这些数据表明，影响我们所调查的所有领域的关键因素是个人的个性和学习兴趣。）”中的individual's personality and study interests.可知，Jasmine研究的是“个人个性和兴趣”对学习的影响；根据Jimmy “in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad.（以确定这些人是否通过他们的海外学习经历获得了更多的跨文化视角。）”中的greater cross-cultural perspectives可知，Jimmy主要研究国外学习是否获得更多的跨文化视角。综上，杂志刊登的是四位研究者关于在外国学习的影响和作用的发现。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Thomas中的“My research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences.（我的研究项目要求十个开始一年国外学习的学生每天记录他们的经历。）”中的“keep a daily record”可知，Thomas将研究对象的“个人描述（personal account）”作为研究材料。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据Jimmy中的“This research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad.（这项研究调查了35名在外国教育机构上过部分大学课程的年轻商业人士的职业道路，以确定这些人是否通过他们的海外学习经历获得了更多的跨文化视角。）”中的career paths可知，只有Jimmy对受试者的职业发展（career development）进行了研究。其他选项不符合题意。故选D项。 C What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions? Go vegetarian? Replant the Amazon? Cycle to work? None of the above. The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that. Air-conditioning is one of the world’s great overlooked industries. Automobiles and air-conditioners were invented at roughly the same time, and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work. Unlike cars, though, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact, emissions or energy efficiency. Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use. Yet air-conditioning has done quite a lot things to benefit humankind. It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world. In Europe, its spread has pushed down heat-related deaths ten times less than what it was in 2003, when 70,000 people, most of them elderly, died in a heatwave. For children, air-conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school. Environmentalists who call air-conditioning “a luxury we cannot afford” have half a point, however. In the next ten years, as many air-conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902 (when air-conditioning was invented) and 2005. Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions, these extra machines will warm the world. At the moment, therefore, air-conditioners create a vicious cycle. The more the earth warms, the more people need them. But the more there are, the warmer the world will be. Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things (beyond turning up the thermostat(温度调节器) to make rooms less Arctic). First, air-conditioners must become much more efficient. The most energy-efficient models on the market today consume only about one-third as much electricity as average ones. Minimum energy-performance standards need to be raised, or introduced in countries that lack them altogether, to push the average unit’s performance closer to the standard of the best. Next, manufacturers should stop using damaging refrigerants. One category of these, hydrofluorocarbons, is over 1,000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere. An international deal to phase out these pollutants, called the Kigali amendment, will come into force in 2019. Foot-draggers should approve and implement it; America is one country that has not done so. Last, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade, or with natural air-circulation. Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down. Better machines are necessary. But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air-conditioning is to fulfil its promise to make people healthier, wealthier and wiser, without too high an environmental cost. Providing indoor sanctuaries of air-conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world. 43. Why does the author think air-conditioning is an overlooked industry？ A. Because many hot countries haven’t put the energy-controlling rules into force. B. Because it has caused the same impact on people’s life and work as automobiles have. C. Because it has brought great economic, physical, and educational benefits to humans. D. Because it doesn’t get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do. 44. What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. The price of air-conditioning will go up due to the large demand for it. B. A high environmental cost will come along with the air-conditioning service. C. Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world. D. Governments partially agree that air-conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford. 45. With regard to the measures to cut the impact of cooling, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons. B. People should avoid turning up the air-conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days. C. People should adopt more environmentally-friendly materials when designing buildings. D. Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants. 46. The author writes this passage to _______. A. arouse people’s attention to the global warming. B. appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warming. C. give credit to air-conditioning for its great contributions to humans D. offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者写这篇文章对如何减少温室气体排放提供一个新的视角。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中Air-conditioning is one of the world’s great overlooked industries. Automobiles and air-conditioners were invented at roughly the same time, and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work. Unlike cars, though, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact, emissions or energy efficiency.可知，作者认为空调是一个被忽视的行业是因为它不像汽车那样受到应有的环境影响的批评。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中The more the earth warms, the more people need them. But the more there are, the warmer the world will be.可知，我们可以从第四段了解到空调服务将带来很高的环境成本。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段中More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade, or with natural air-circulation. Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down.可知，人们在设计建筑时应该采用更环保的材料。故选C。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段中The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that.可知，作者写这篇文章主要内容是对如何减少温室气体排放提供一个新的视角。故选D。 【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。根据第一段中The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that.可知，作者写这篇文章是为了对如何减少温室气体排放提供一个新的视角。故选D。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage and then choose the most suitable sentences from the list below for the passage. Note that there are two extra sentences. Directions: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A- AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps. Usually when you hear the word trilogy in the film world you think about summer blockbusters with massive explosions, aliens or machines destroying earth and morons with enhanced muscles quickly driving expensive cars, but somehow Richard Linklater’s wonderfully touching Before series (Before sunrise, Before Sunset & Before Midnight) has found a way to slip though the cracks. Just like what he did with the first two films, Linklater brings us back into lesse & Celine’s evolving love story an astonishing nine years after the last chapter. ____47____. And Linklater himself also quickly answers the question to those in the audience wondering if there is still a story left to tell. As is the case with the first two films, Before Midnight feels incredibly real. ____48____. The three have found a way to write dialogue that is related to every human on the planet. the script is hilarious, but dramatically turns on a dime all while continuing to break the normal rules of Hollywood by being a “talkie” with extremely long scenes and minimal camera angles. Most filmmakers couldn’t even dream of accomplishing what Linklater and the two actors have perfected for the third straight time. Hawke and Delpy are brilliant and a revelation to watch. They embody Jesse & Celine with a realistic persona not found in many other films today. Whether it’s because the two actors helped write their story, or if they’ve just lived inside these characters for so long is hard to say. ____49____. By showcasing the flaws we all have, Before Midnight isn’t always easy to watch, but its pure honesty makes it one of the best movies to date. ____50____ . But loyal fans of Jesse & Celine are sure to be pleased by this latest chapter and cannot wait to see what happens in the next 9 years. A. Whatever the case, Jesse & Celine may be the most realistic believable characters in the history of American cinema. B. The script, which Linklater co-wrote with the two lead stars Ethan Hawke & Julie Delpy, is nothing short of perfect. C. The idea the three films intend to express is that what truly connects two souls is not love or attachment, but understanding. D. Those looking for a sappy Hollywood love story may not appreciate this honest reflection of life that the film provides. E. It is no exaggeration to say that Linkerlater’s Before series have shaped many people’s concept of love or how they perceive love. F. For those of us ‘Before’ fans sitting on the edge of our seats the past near decade wondering whether they make it happen or not, now we finally have our answer. 【答案】47. AC 48. B 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Before Midnight这部电影的相关信息。 【47题详解】 前一句提到：就像他在前两部电影中所做的一样，林克莱特将我们带回到lesse & Celine的爱情故事中。后一句提到：林克莱特自己也很快地回答了那些想知道是否还有故事可讲的观众的问题。根据下一句中的“also answers the question”，结合选项，AC选项“在过去十年里，我们，我们一直想知道他们是否能做到这一点，现在我们终于有了答案”与之联系最密切。故选AC。 【48题详解】 前一句提到：就像前两部电影一样，Before Midnight给人的感觉非常真实。后一句提到：他们三人找到了一种方式，写出了与地球上每一个人都相关的对话。这个剧本很搞笑，但是情节的转折很戏剧化，同时又打破了好莱坞的常规，用超长的镜头和最少的镜头角度来“说话”。该空承上启下，B选项“林克莱特与两位主演伊桑·霍克和朱莉·德尔比共同撰写的剧本堪称完美。”与上下文衔接最密切。故选B。 【49题详解】 前一句提到：究竟是因为这两位演员参与了故事的编写，还是因为他们只是在这些角色中生活了太久，这很难说。该空承接上文，A选项“无论如何，Jesse和Celine可能是美国电影史上最真实可信的角色。”与上文承接最密切。故选A。 【50题详解】 前一句提到：通过展示我们所有人的缺点，Before Midnight观看起来并不总是那么容易，但它纯粹的诚实使它成为迄今为止最好的电影之一。下一句提到：但是杰西和赛琳的忠实粉丝们一定会为这一最新篇章感到高兴，迫不及待地想看看接下来的9年里会发生什么。该空承上启下，D选项“那些寻找好莱坞爱情故事的人可能不会欣赏这部电影对生活的真实反映。”与前后联系最密切。故选D。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Blowing a Few Tops Ever stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions? It’s not all death, destruction and hot liquid rock—scientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one such eruption. Solar geoengineering involves simulating a volcano by spraying aerosols(气溶胶) into the atmosphere. When they combine with oxygen, droplets of sulfuric acid (硫酸) form. These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth, cooling the planet. All good in theory, but the consequences are largely unknown and a few could be disastrous. In a study recently published in Nature Communications, researchers led by Anthony Jones, a climate scientist from the University of Exeter, found that using this technology in the Northern Hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical winds hitting the U.S. and Caribbean. But there's an annoying exchange: more winds in the Southern Hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa. That’s because the entire climate system is linked—disrupting one region will invariably affect another. How would a nation react if another was causing its weather to get much worse? Would that be an act of war? There is, however, a case for using solar geoengineering on a global scale. Jones says it could be used to “take the edge off” the temperature increases scientists are predicting. It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies. The study also highlights a far bigger problem with solar geoengineering: its complete lack of regulation. “There’s nothing that could stop one country just doing it,” Jones says. “You only need about 100 aircraft with three flights per day. It would cost $1 billion to $10 billion per year.” He adds, “It’s deeply disturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence on the climate, yet there’s just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it.” Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand, as well as far more work that will need to be done before solar geoengineering is considered safe—or too dangerous to even discuss. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The planet could be cooled by using solar geoengineering, if scientists simulate an erupting volcano. The method would probably work, but it could have devastating side-effects. The fact that there is no law to stop any country or company from using this technology worries scientists. The technology requires further study before being put into use. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文说明了如果科学家们模拟一个喷发的火山，地球可以通过太阳地球工程学来冷却。这种方法可能会奏效，但可能会产生毁灭性的副作用。没有法律阻止任何国家或公司使用这项技术，这一事实让科学家们感到担忧。这项技术在投入使用前需要进一步研究。 【详解】第一步：阅读 1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。 第二步：写作步骤 1.浏览课文，找出主题：如果科学家们模拟一个喷发的火山，地球可以通过太阳地球工程学来冷却。这种方法可能会奏效，但可能会产生毁灭性的副作用。没有法律阻止任何国家或公司使用这项技术，这一事实让科学家们感到担忧。这项技术在投入使用前需要进一步研究。 2.分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为三部分。第一部分：The planet could be cooled by using solar geoengineering, if scientists simulate an erupting volcano .第二部分：The method would probably work, but it could have devastating side-effects.第三部分：The fact that there is no law to stop any country or company from using this technology worries scientists. The technology requires further study before being put into use。 3.按照逻辑顺序组织主要和相关的支持点， 使用最短的连接词进行连接：but, then, thus, yet, though。 第三步：修改成文 草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。 首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。 其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。 最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。 V．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他用水壶烧了些水，为我泡了一杯茶。(boil)（汉译英） 【答案】He boiled some water with a/the kettle and made a cup of tea for me. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。根据句意可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“用水壶”是with a/the kettle，“烧了些水”是boil some water，boil用过去式，“为我”是for me，“泡一杯茶”是make a cup of tea，make用过去式，用and连接两个动作。故答案为He boiled some water with a/the kettle and made a cup of tea for me. 53. 这个村庄位于山间，这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里。(inaccessible)(汉译英) 【答案】The village is located among hills, which makes it inaccessible to ordinary cars. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和定语从句。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“这个村庄”是the village，“位于山间”是is located among hills，“这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，“使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”是make it inaccessible to ordinary cars，which指代整个主句的内容，make用第三人称单数，因此整句话翻译为“The village is located among hills, which makes it inaccessible to ordinary cars”。故答案为The village is located among hills, which makes it inaccessible to ordinary cars. 54. 用机器人来给病人动手术听上去像是天方夜谭，但这家高科技公司正在努力使它成为现实。（operate）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】It sounds impossible to have a robot operate on patients, but this high-tech company is working hard to make it happen. 【解析】 【详解】第一个分句“用机器人来给病人动手术听上去像是天方夜谭”陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，用句型“It sounds+形容词+to do sth.”，表示“做某事听起来……”；“听上去像是天方夜谭”译为sounds impossible，“用机器人来给病人动手术”用固定结构have sth. do翻译，“机器人”译为a robot，“给病人动手术”译为operate on patients，该分句整合为It sounds impossible to have a robot operate on patients，其后用逗号与but分句隔开。翻译第二个分句“但这家高科技公司正在努力使它成为现实”，时态用现在进行时，“这家高科技公司”译为this high-tech company，“正在努力”译为is working hard，“使它成为现实”作目的状语，译为动词不定式短语to make it happen，整合为but this high-tech company is working hard to make it happen。 55. 鉴于这个计划风险太大，虽然设计者的分析听上去很合理，政府最终没有采纳。(risky) 【答案】Considering that the plan was too risky, the government eventually didn’t adopt it although the designer’s analysis sounded sensible. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和时态。此处是considering that“考虑到，就…而论”引导的原因状语从句；although引导让步状语从句；risky“冒险的”，adopt“采纳”；句子为一般过去时。再根据所给汉语故翻译为：Considering that the plan was too risky, the government eventually didn’t adopt it although the designer’s analysis sounded sensible. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报正在举行主题为“幸福的源泉”的征文活动，你有意参加。写一篇短文，内容须包括： 1.简单阐述你对幸福的理解； 2.详细说明你认为什么可以给你带来幸福，并说明你的理由。 【答案】Along with the improvement of living standards, people are no longer content with being fed and clothed adequately. They are more concerned about their sense of happiness. So, what is happiness? Different people may have different opinions towards the definition of happiness. Some people, for example, derive a sense of satisfaction from material basis, without which they can’t live comfortably and happily. For others, they believe that happiness has something to do with health and wealth. Happiness, in my judgment, proves an attitude. It lies in the struggle to be happy. People sometimes go to extremes and crazily pursue money, power and social status, which are all symbols of success but never of happiness. Happiness is a state of mind. It starts with accepting yourself, knowing where you are going and enjoying every moment along the way. If we live a life with right attitudes, we will be happy. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生写一篇关于对幸福的理解的短文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 满意的：content→satisfied 快乐地：happily →cheerfully 成功：success→prosperity 在某人看来：in one’s judgment→in one’s opinion 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Happiness is a state of mind. 拓展句：Happiness is a state of mind that we choose. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Some people, for example, derive a sense of satisfaction from material basis, without which they can’t live comfortably and happily.（运用了介词+关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 If we live a life with right attitudes, we will be happy.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $