【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第21讲Unit 2 Wildlife Protection（语填谓语三步流程与客观表达）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册（教师版+学生版）

学科网周周有招-高中英语同步系列尖子班精品讲义 学科网周周有招 · 新教材同步尖子班讲义　2026 秋 · 人教版必修第二册 · 高一上学期 Unit 2　Wildlife Protection （学生版） 第 21 讲　语法写作整合：语填谓语三步流程与客观表达 目录 一、 课时安排与学习目标 1 二、 导入：同一个空，换个主语，答案就翻盘（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 1 三、 先过闸门：这到底是不是谓语空 2 四、 三步流程与一空五问 2 五、 被动三件，写完点数 3 六、 半独立练习：真实报道里的主语自判（四选一） 4 七、 客观表达三件套与 to 的身份 4 八、 接不接 by：动作被动与状态被动 5 九、 used to 的三向分岔与 by 的去留 5 十、 语域三问：被动不是越多越高级 6 十一、 题型突破：语填两篇（谓语判定全流程） 7 十二、 分层实战 7 十三、 写作任务：客观陈述倡议书（应用文） 8 十四、 批改示范与写作自检量表 9 十五、 收束与自检 9 十六、 课后巩固（独立完成，约 30 分钟） 10 1、 课时安排与学习目标 【课时安排】本讲 2 课时连排，共 120 分钟。第 1 课时：换主语翻盘导入 → 谓语空闸门 → 三步流程与一空五问 → 被动点数。第 2 课时：客观表达三件套与 to 的身份 → 语域三问 → 题型突破（语填两篇）→ 分层实战 → 收束自检。课后巩固独立完成，约 30 分钟，不计入课时。 【学习目标】学完本讲，你能：① 用定主干 → 判语态 → 定时态与数三步完成语填谓语题，落笔前先过“分句缺不缺谓语”这道闸门；② 把主语核心名词从 of 短语、定语从句里拎出来，be 的单复数不再被修饰语带偏；③ 写全被动结构 be + (being / been) + 过去分词，用“点数三下”自查漏件；④ 正确使用 It is reported that ...、Measures are being taken to ...、be faced with / be exposed to / be located in 三类客观表达，并按文体判断主被动。 2、 导入：同一个空，换个主语，答案就翻盘（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 先别急着看答案，自己把三步走一遍： Measures ______ (take) to stop illegal hunting now. 定主干：Measures 是主语，空在谓语位置。判语态：measures 自身不会“采取”，它是被采取的对象，走被动。定时态与数：now 表正在进行，measures 复数 → 你填什么？为什么不是 is being taken？再把主语换掉： The number of rare birds ______ (protect) by the reserve now. 主语核心词是 number（不是 birds），the number of ... 作主语视为单数，now 提示进行。该填 is being protected 还是 are being protected？被 birds 这个词带跑的同学会填错。 同一个空，换一个主语形态，答案立刻翻盘。三步里最容易省掉的就是第三步的“数”——主语一旦被长修饰语盖住，be 的形式就会写错，而这一错，前面两步全白做。 语填谓语题是动词考点的常客。三步流程的价值在“多一步”之外：它把凭语感的模糊判断，拆成三次能逐项检查的动作。语感在简单句里够用，遇上主语带修饰语、时间状语后置的句子就失灵——而高考偏爱后者。 3、 先过闸门：这到底是不是谓语空 动手前花三秒判断空所在的分句缺什么：分句已有谓语动词、又没有并列连词，这个空多半是非谓语；分句缺谓语，才填谓语形式。三步流程只对谓语空生效。 例一：The reserve, ______ (set) up in 2020, is home to many birds. 例二：The reserve ______ (set) up in 2020 and is now home to many birds. 例一句里已有谓语 is，空处作定语，与 reserve 是被动关系，填什么？例二句里空与 is 由 and 并列，缺谓语，时间是过去，填什么？ 同样是 set up，一个填过去分词、一个填谓语，差别只在分句缺不缺谓语。这道闸门拦住的是“用谓语形式填非谓语空”的整类错误。边界反例：从句引导词本身不提供谓语，是否走非谓语要看引导词后是否省略了主语和 be——若省略了，才走非谓语，如 When (it was) set up, the project ...；若引导完整从句，仍需谓语。别被引导词骗去填谓语形式。 4、 三步流程与一空五问 三步流程 第1步 定主干：确认空在谓语位置，再找主语核心名词——把 of 后面的修饰成分圈掉。 第2步 判语态：把主语和动词摆在一起，问“主语是去做还是被做”；被做就走被动。 第3步 定时态与数：时间标志词定进行 / 过去 / 完成 / 将来，主语单复数定 be 的形式。 三个常见陷阱，各自对应某一步没走完：主语被长修饰掩盖、误判单复数（第一步）；把谓语空当非谓语做，填了 -ing 或 to do（闸门没守住）；漏掉 being / been（第三步）。 把错句大声念一遍：“稀有鸟类的数量正在被保护区保护着。”念到“数量”两个字通常会自己停住——数量是单数，are 站不住。这个停顿比把规则讲三遍都管用。 一空五问：把三步拆得更细 问 查什么 口令 一问 这是谓语空吗？ 分句缺谓语才走三步 二问 主语核心词是谁？ 圈掉 of 后、定语从句、并列结构里的杂音 三问 主语单数还是复数？ the number of 单、a number of 复、不可数单、就近原则 四问 主动还是被动？ 主语做事还是被做 五问 时间点落在哪儿？ now 进行；yesterday / in 年份 过去；since / so far 完成；next 将来；every day 一般现在 The trees, which were planted last year, ______ (water) now. 一问：缺谓语，是谓语空。二问：主语是 trees。三问：复数。四问：树被浇水，被动。五问：now 走进行。五问过完，答案顺理成章，which 从句成了纯粹的干扰项。 五问里最容易跳的是第一问——看见括号里的动词就先填，不做分句成分分析。把它抬到最前，等于给三步流程加了第一道闸门。边界反例：括号里给的是 be 动词本身（The wetland ______ (be) protected since 2018），第一问已经替你答了一半——be 就是谓语核心，直接进第三步定时态。 5、 被动三件，写完点数 写完被动，用手指点着结构数三下：be 在不在？being / been 该不该有？过去分词对不对？三下点完，漏件错误基本清零。它把抽象的“完整”变成了能数出来的三件。 时态/结构 构成 漏件长什么样 点数动作 一般现在 is / are done The wetland protected by law. 点 be 现在进行 is / are being done The road is widened now. 点 being 现在完成 has / have been done The lake has cleaned. 点 been 一般过去 was / were done The reserve set up in 2018. 点 be + 数 一般将来 will be done A new report will published soon. 点 be 情态动词 must / can + be done Illegal hunting must stopped. 点 be 表里六行漏件，错全落在同两个位置：该有的 be 丢了，该有的 being / been 丢了。考试时默念“三件”，比默念“完整”有效——能数的东西才查得出来。边界反例：完成进行被动（has been being done）几乎不进高考题，遇到“完成 + 进行”双标志同现（since ... / at present），考试通常避免双叠结构，倾向把两个标志拆进两句，别硬造双叠结构。 6、 半独立练习：真实报道里的主语自判（四选一） 下面三句取自 2026 年春季候鸟迁徙的真实报道。先按线索自判：每句只给定位线索（主语核心词、时间词），不给判定类型——第几步会绊住你，自己撞一下才知道。判完再核对答案。 线索卡：① 句 1 主语是复数的鸟，时间是 every spring；② 句 2 先圈主语核心词——the number of 还是 a number of；③ 句 3 主语是 count（计数），别被 of 后面的复数名词带走。 1. Every spring, oriental white storks ______ (watch) round the clock by remote cameras at the Yellow River Delta. A. watch　B. are watching　C. are watched　D. watched 2. The number of northbound birds at Xingkai Lake ______ (report) to reach nearly 50,000 this spring. A. have reported　B. has been reported　C. have been reported　D. is reporting 3. The daily count of migratory birds at Horqin ______ (break) 160,000 this year — twice last season's figure. A. is breaking　B. are breaking　C. has broken　D. have broken 7、 客观表达三件套与 to 的身份 三件套（应用文客观表达的加分项）： It is reported that many marine species are in danger of dying out.（客观引入，报道式开头） Measures are being taken to save the whales.（陈述正在采取的措施） The reserve is faced with pressure. / Many birds are exposed to pollution. / The wetland is located in the west.（面临 / 暴露于 / 位于） 写报告、倡议、说明时用三件套，比通篇主动句更正式，更像在陈述事实。It is reported / said / believed / thought that ... 四者结构相同，可轮换避免重复；也可改成“主语 + is reported to do”，如 The number is reported to be rising。 三处高频误用，作文里几乎年年出现： 第一，be exposed to 的 to 是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不接动词原形。are exposed to polluted water 对，are exposed to breathe 错。 错句：These birds are exposed to lose their home. 正句：These birds are exposed to losing their home. 第二，Measures are being taken to ... 是本讲惯用复数形式，谓语用 are；要写 Much is being done to ...，主语就得是不可数的 much，两者不能混搭。 第三，be faced with、be located in、be dressed in 这类固定搭配，be 一个都不能省。它们属状态被动——“面临、位于”的过程感已经消失，只剩状态。The reserve located in the city 是错的，得写 is located in。边界反例：face 作及物动词表“面临、面对”时主动也成立，如 We are facing a serious challenge、The reserve faces serious pressure；本讲固定练 be faced with，两个 face 各走各的，只是文体与搭配不同。 “动词 + 介词 to”归类记一组：be exposed to（暴露于）、be used to doing（习惯于，to 为介词）、be used to do（被用来做，to 为不定式）、be devoted to（投身于）、look forward to（盼望）——to 后接名词或动名词；只有不定式 to do 才接动词原形。 抓一句口令：“to 后面得有个被暴露的东西”——被暴露的是 losing their home 这件事，不是 lose 这个动作本身。念通这一句，are exposed to lose 这类句子多半自己就能察觉。 8、 接不接 by：动作被动与状态被动 动作被动：The road is being widened now.（正在被加宽，有过程，可接 by） 状态描述：The road is closed to traffic today.（closed 描述现状，不接 by） 状态被动：The reserve is located in the east.（located 表“位于”，通常不接 by） 判断口令：还有没有“被做”的过程感？还在发生 → 动作被动，可以接 by；早已完成、在描述现状 → 状态表达，通常不接 by（但 by 表示工具、伴随或包围时仍可出现，如 The house is surrounded by trees）。这一问顺手解决了“被动要不要带 by”的困惑。 把状态句硬改成动作被动、硬加 by 短语，就写出 the reserve is located in the east by people 这样的病句。病根在把“位于”当成了“被放置”。 顺带划清一条线：happen、occur、rise、die、appear 没有被动，都是不及物动词，不需要“被谁做”，被动无从谈起；look 作系动词“看起来”（= seem）时无被动，但 look after、look at 等短语动词可变被动，如 The baby is being looked after。 错句：Many fish are died because the water is polluted. 正句：Many fish have died because the water is polluted. 再补一类：take care of、pay attention to、listen to 这类短语动词变被动时，介词不能丢。The baby is taken good care of 里 care 后面的 of 不能省。 9、 used to 的三向分岔与 by 的去留 什么时候省略 by：施动者无关紧要、不言自明或不便说明时就省。Measures have been taken 不问谁采取的；The problem is being solved 不必说谁在解决。只有施动者是新信息、需要强调时才带 by——The lake was cleaned by the volunteers last week。删掉 by 短语句意还清楚，就删。 used to 的三向分岔——本讲最容易被讲成“一条规则”的地方。三句并排，to 的三种身份一目了然： 结构 语义 被动可能 例句 used to do 过去常常（现在不） 后接动词原形；逻辑主语为承受者可用 be done The reserve used to be farmland. / These birds used to be hunted. be used to do 被用来做 被动，to 为不定式 The camera is used to record birds. be used to doing 习惯于 系表，to 为介词 The ranger is used to living alone. 命题人考的就是“to 后面接什么”：第一、二向接动词原形（do），第三向接动名词（doing）。 错句：The camera is used to recording birds. 正句：The camera is used to record birds. 边界反例：把主语换成“人”（The ranger ...），be used to 后面就切换到动名词——同一个 used to，主语是物是“被用来做”，主语是人“习惯于”，判定先看主语再看 to。 10、 语域三问：被动不是越多越高级 被动弱化施动者，显得客观中立（Measures have been taken 不问是谁采取的）；被动突出结果与对象（The problem is being solved 强调的是问题）。 动笔前过三问：① 重点在“谁做的”还是“被做的”？② 文体是报告、说明、倡议吗？③ 主语是对象还是施动者？——任一指向被动，就走被动。 口语说 We are fixing the problem now；正式文体说 The problem is being fixed now。同一件事，先想文体再定主被动，不要通篇统一替换。 最常见的误解是“被动越多越高级”。通篇被动其实显得生硬、回避责任。判断只有一条：看这句话的主角是动作的承受者还是发出者。报告、倡议、说明类文体，承受者（动物、湿地、措施）通常是主角，用被动；叙事、演讲稿讲个人经历时，施动者（我们、我）是主角，用主动。 即时练一练 给朋友发消息报平安，写 The bird was saved by me. 得体吗？ 11、 题型突破：语填两篇（谓语判定全流程） 第1篇 （10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It 1.______ (report) that large numbers of migratory birds 2.______ (see) arriving at the Sanhuanpao National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang these days. The reserve 3.______ (locate) on one of the world's major bird routes, where nearly 60 red-crowned cranes 4.______ (observe) recently — the largest group that 5.______ (record) there in the past five years. To keep the birds safe, patrol work 6.______ (carry) out on foot and by drone at present, and illegal hunting 7.______ (stop) strictly. In recent years, large areas of farmland 8.______ (turn) back into wetland, and the number of birds passing through 9.______ (grow) year by year. So far, the wetland 10.______ (become) an important “service station” on their long journey. 第2篇 （10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1981, only seven crested ibises 1.______ (find) in the wild in Yangxian, Shaanxi Province. For years, their nests 2.______ (protect) by local villagers, and pesticides 3.______ (ban) across the birds' entire range so that the ibises can feed safely. Thanks to decades of work, the species 4.______ (save) from the edge of extinction. By 2023, the global population 5.______ (pass) ten thousand, and by 2026 the number 6.______ (reach) more than 12,000. Today, young ibises 7.______ (raise) both in the wild and in breeding centres, where they learn to live independently before 8.______ (release) into nature. It 9.______ (believe) that the “oriental gem” is now flying safely over the Qinling Mountains, and more protected areas 10.______ (set) up to enlarge their home next year. 12、 分层实战 引导练习：补全被动结构（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 给谓语形式补全结构，写完点数三下： 1. The tree ______ (blow) down by the wind last night. 2. The new road ______ (widen) now. 3. The wounded bird ______ (look) after by a volunteer at present. 4. A lot of work ______ (do) since the project started. 5. The wetland ______ (face) with serious pollution now. 6. Many trees ______ (plant) along the river every spring. 7. The number of rare birds ______ (record) by volunteers every spring. 8. A lot of money ______ (spend) on the project at the moment. 引导练习：主被动转换与语域判断（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 1. Scientists are studying the rare birds these days.（改为被动） 2. The local people have cleaned the river.（改为被动） 3. 写倡议书时，用 We must stop hunting 还是 Hunting must be stopped 更得体？ 4. 给朋友发消息说 The bird was saved by me. 是否自然？如不自然，请改写。 能力提升：语篇语境选择（8 题，四选一） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。 The old watchtower 1.______ by the villagers for over a century. Right now, it 2.______ carefully. Many rare birds 3.______ in this area every spring, and their number 4.______ by local people these days. 1. A. has been protected　B. was protected　C. is being protected　D. had been protected 2. A. is restored　B. has been restored　C. is being restored　D. was restored 3. A. have been seen　B. are seen　C. were seen　D. will be seen 4. A. are being watched　B. has been watched　C. was watched　D. is being watched Measures 5.______ to save them at present, and much 6.______ so far. The wetland 7.______ in the west of the province, where many fish 8.______ to dirty water. 5. A. is being taken　B. are being taken　C. were taken　D. have been taken 6. A. was done　B. is done　C. has been done　D. will be done 7. A. is located　B. locates　C. is locating　D. located 8. A. are exposing　B. expose　C. were exposed　D. are exposed 挑战层：段落写作（课后选做） 写一段含 3 处被动的动物保护段落，并给每处被动补一句语域理由。 三件套进倡议书，只需换个尾巴（知识示例，非答案）： It is reported that more than half of the wetland birds are endangered. Measures are being taken to protect them, but we still need your help. 写作升格（知识示例，非答案）：把“措施 + 成效”写成被动对仗——While measures are being taken to clean the river, the habitat of many birds has been restored gradually. 前句进行被动表“正在做”，后句完成被动表“已有成效”，一在途一落定，比两句并列平推更有层次。 13、 写作任务：客观陈述倡议书（应用文） 任务：以校英语社团名义，就“保护城市湿地鸟类”写一份 80 词左右的倡议书，至少 3 处被动表达（含 1 处进行被动、1 处完成被动）。 14、 批改示范与写作自检量表 学生初稿： The river is polluted. Many fish are died. We take some measures. We hope the water can become clean. 批改分三层走： 第一层 结构：Many fish are died 错，die 无被动，应作 have died。 第二层 客观性：We take some measures 主动、口语化，应改为 Measures are being taken。 第三层 三件套落地：加 It is reported that ... 作客观开头。 改写示范： It is reported that the river has been seriously polluted. Many fish have died, and their habitat is being lost. Measures are being taken to clean the water, and it is hoped that the river will recover soon. 逐处比对：has been polluted 用完成被动表“污染已发生且影响现在”；have died 用完成主动，因为 die 无被动；is being lost 用进行被动表“正在失去”；Measures are being taken 是客观被动；it is hoped that 用被动式作礼貌期待。同一段里被动与主动交替、时态各归其位，客观而不生硬。 维度 分值 扣分点 结构完整 3 缺称呼 / 身份 / 落款，各扣 1 分 三件套 3 未用 It is reported that / Measures are being taken / be faced with 中任一项，扣 1 分 语域得体 2 私人信里用被动显得刻意，或正式报告里用主动显得随便，扣 2 分 时态语态准确 2 漏 being / been，或 die 误用被动，各扣 1 分 15、 收束与自检 带走一句话：先过闸门判谓语空，一空五问走到底；被动三件点数三下，to 的身份看搭配，语域三问定主被动。 收束清单：三步（定主干、判语态、定时态与数）；被动三件（be + being / been + 过去分词）；三件套（It is reported that ...、Measures are being taken to ...、be faced with / be exposed to / be located in）。 自检标准：随机抽 3 题，能口述三步流程为过关。判定那句话是“先定主语核心词，再看主语是做事还是被做，最后定时间与数”。三步说全，流程才算真正长在身上。 典型错因四条：① 被动结构不完整——漏 being / been；② 语域误判——该客观却用主动，或通篇被动显得生硬；③ 主语单复数看错——被 of 后的名词带偏；④ 把 be exposed to、be used to 的 to 当不定式，后面接了动词原形。 我的错题记录（左抄错句，右写漏的是三件中的哪一件）：______ 16、 课后巩固（独立完成，约 30 分钟） 语法填空（10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As temperatures rise, the first migration peak 1.______ (arrive) at Xingkai Lake in Heilongjiang, where nearly 50,000 northbound birds 2.______ (gather) over the water so far this spring. At the Momoge reserve in Jilin, spoonbills 3.______ (build) their nests already, and at Liaohekou seventeen red-crowned cranes 4.______ (raise) by humans have just gone back to the wild. In Inner Mongolia, the daily bird count at Horqin 5.______ (break) 160,000 this year — twice last season's figure. Twenty-eight monitoring towers 6.______ (add) to the reserve by the end of the year, so that the birds 7.______ (can watch) over a wider area. At the Yellow River Delta, artificial nests 8.______ (place) in tall trees for oriental white storks, whose breeding season 9.______ (film) by remote cameras around the clock at present. It 10.______ (hope) that with such networks, more birds will complete their long journey safely. 阅读理解（4 题） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 作答次序：先读题干圈定位词，再回语篇找对应句；推断题的依据永远锚在原文表述上。 Golden autumn has painted the Sanjiang Plain, and the southward journey of migratory birds has quietly begun. In recent weeks, large groups of birds have arrived at the Sanhuanpao National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang to rest and refuel. Lying on the East Asian–Australasian flyway, the wetland serves as an important “service station” on one of the world's busiest bird routes. During recent monitoring, rangers observed nearly sixty red-crowned cranes near Luomahu Station — the largest group recorded there in five years. Rare species such as oriental white storks and white-naped cranes have also appeared among the reeds. To guard the travelers, the reserve has strengthened its patrols on the ground and in the air: drones now fly over the wetland regularly, and hunting or disturbing the birds is strictly forbidden. Local villagers have also been invited to join the protection work. Thanks to years of returning farmland to wetland, the ecological carrying capacity of the reserve keeps improving, and both the variety and the number of passing birds have been growing year by year. “More birds are choosing to stay longer,” a staff member said. “The wetland is becoming a name card of the region.” 1. Why is Sanhuanpao important for migratory birds? A. Because it lies on one of the world's major bird routes. B. Because it has a warm winter climate. C. Because it runs large breeding centres. D. Because it holds busy fish markets. 2. What do the numbers about the red-crowned cranes show? A. They no longer migrate south. B. They are the rarest birds in the world. C. A group larger than any in five years has appeared there. D. They have adapted to city life. 3. How does the reserve protect the birds? A. By closing the wetland to all visitors. B. By patrolling both on the ground and by drone. C. By moving the birds to zoos. D. By feeding them through the whole winter. 4. What can be inferred about the reserve's future? A. Farmland around it will expand. B. Fewer birds will pass through. C. Drones will replace all the rangers. D. Its ecological condition will keep improving. 微写作：倡议书片段（应用文） 请把下列中文倡议要点写成一段英文（80 词左右），留意时态、语态与语域。 要点：① 据报道，许多海洋物种正面临灭绝的危险；② 目前正在采取措施来拯救这些鲸类；③ 这座保护区位于我市西部，许多珍稀鸟类在此栖息；④ 需要每个人的支持。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $学科网周周有招-高中英语同步系列尖子班精品讲义 学科网周周有招 · 新教材同步尖子班讲义　2026 秋 · 人教版必修第二册 · 高一上学期 Unit 2　Wildlife Protection （教师版） 第 21 讲　语法写作整合：语填谓语三步流程与客观表达 目录 一、 课时安排与学习目标 1 二、 导入：同一个空，换个主语，答案就翻盘（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 2 三、 先过闸门：这到底是不是谓语空 2 四、 三步流程与一空五问 3 五、 被动三件，写完点数 3 六、 半独立练习：真实报道里的主语自判（四选一） 4 七、 客观表达三件套与 to 的身份 5 八、 接不接 by：动作被动与状态被动 5 九、 used to 的三向分岔与 by 的去留 6 十、 语域三问：被动不是越多越高级 7 十一、 题型突破：语填两篇（谓语判定全流程） 7 十二、 分层实战 9 十三、 写作任务：客观陈述倡议书（应用文） 11 十四、 批改示范与写作自检量表 11 十五、 收束与自检 12 十六、 课后巩固（独立完成，约 30 分钟） 12 1、 课时安排与学习目标 【课时安排】本讲 2 课时连排，共 120 分钟。第 1 课时：换主语翻盘导入 → 谓语空闸门 → 三步流程与一空五问 → 被动点数。第 2 课时：客观表达三件套与 to 的身份 → 语域三问 → 题型突破（语填两篇）→ 分层实战 → 收束自检。课后巩固独立完成，约 30 分钟，不计入课时。 【学习目标】学完本讲，你能：① 用定主干 → 判语态 → 定时态与数三步完成语填谓语题，落笔前先过“分句缺不缺谓语”这道闸门；② 把主语核心名词从 of 短语、定语从句里拎出来，be 的单复数不再被修饰语带偏；③ 写全被动结构 be + (being / been) + 过去分词，用“点数三下”自查漏件；④ 正确使用 It is reported that ...、Measures are being taken to ...、be faced with / be exposed to / be located in 三类客观表达，并按文体判断主被动。 2、 导入：同一个空，换个主语，答案就翻盘（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 先别急着看答案，自己把三步走一遍： Measures ______ (take) to stop illegal hunting now. 【答案】are being taken 定主干：Measures 是主语，空在谓语位置。判语态：measures 自身不会“采取”，它是被采取的对象，走被动。定时态与数：now 表正在进行，measures 复数 → are being taken。追问一句：为什么不是 is being taken？measures 是复数。再把主语换掉： The number of rare birds ______ (protect) by the reserve now. 【答案】is being protected 主语核心词是 number（不是 birds），the number of ... 作主语视为单数，now 提示进行 → is being protected。填 are being protected 的，都是被 birds 这个词带跑了。 同一个空，换一个主语形态，答案立刻翻盘。三步里最容易省掉的就是第三步的“数”——主语一旦被长修饰语盖住，be 的形式就会写错，而这一错，前面两步全白做。 语填谓语题是动词考点的常客。三步流程的价值在“多一步”之外：它把凭语感的模糊判断，拆成三次能逐项检查的动作。语感在简单句里够用，遇上主语带修饰语、时间状语后置的句子就失灵——而高考偏爱后者。 3、 先过闸门：这到底是不是谓语空 动手前花三秒判断空所在的分句缺什么：分句已有谓语动词、又没有并列连词，这个空多半是非谓语；分句缺谓语，才填谓语形式。三步流程只对谓语空生效。 例一：The reserve, ______ (set) up in 2020, is home to many birds. 例二：The reserve ______ (set) up in 2020 and is now home to many birds. 【答案】例一 set up（过去分词作定语）　例二 was set 例一句里已有谓语 is，空处作定语，与 reserve 是被动关系，填过去分词 set up。例二句里空与 is 由 and 并列，缺谓语，时间是过去，填 was set。 同样是 set up，一个填过去分词、一个填谓语，差别只在分句缺不缺谓语。这道闸门拦住的是“用谓语形式填非谓语空”的整类错误。边界反例：从句引导词本身不提供谓语，是否走非谓语要看引导词后是否省略了主语和 be——若省略了，才走非谓语，如 When (it was) set up, the project ...；若引导完整从句，仍需谓语。别被引导词骗去填谓语形式。 4、 三步流程与一空五问 三步流程 第1步 定主干：确认空在谓语位置，再找主语核心名词——把 of 后面的修饰成分圈掉。 第2步 判语态：把主语和动词摆在一起，问“主语是去做还是被做”；被做就走被动。 第3步 定时态与数：时间标志词定进行 / 过去 / 完成 / 将来，主语单复数定 be 的形式。 三个常见陷阱，各自对应某一步没走完：主语被长修饰掩盖、误判单复数（第一步）；把谓语空当非谓语做，填了 -ing 或 to do（闸门没守住）；漏掉 being / been（第三步）。 把错句大声念一遍：“稀有鸟类的数量正在被保护区保护着。”念到“数量”两个字通常会自己停住——数量是单数，are 站不住。这个停顿比把规则讲三遍都管用。 一空五问：把三步拆得更细 问 查什么 口令 一问 这是谓语空吗？ 分句缺谓语才走三步 二问 主语核心词是谁？ 圈掉 of 后、定语从句、并列结构里的杂音 三问 主语单数还是复数？ the number of 单、a number of 复、不可数单、就近原则 四问 主动还是被动？ 主语做事还是被做 五问 时间点落在哪儿？ now 进行；yesterday / in 年份 过去；since / so far 完成；next 将来；every day 一般现在 The trees, which were planted last year, ______ (water) now. 一问：缺谓语，是谓语空。二问：主语是 trees。三问：复数。四问：树被浇水，被动。五问：now 走进行。五问过完，are being watered 顺理成章，which 从句成了纯粹的干扰项。 五问里最容易跳的是第一问——看见括号里的动词就先填，不做分句成分分析。把它抬到最前，等于给三步流程加了第一道闸门。边界反例：括号里给的是 be 动词本身（The wetland ______ (be) protected since 2018），第一问已经替你答了一半——be 就是谓语核心，直接进第三步定时态。 5、 被动三件，写完点数 写完被动，用手指点着结构数三下：be 在不在？being / been 该不该有？过去分词对不对？三下点完，漏件错误基本清零。它把抽象的“完整”变成了能数出来的三件。 时态/结构 构成 漏件长什么样 点数动作 一般现在 is / are done The wetland protected by law. 点 be 现在进行 is / are being done The road is widened now. 点 being 现在完成 has / have been done The lake has cleaned. 点 been 一般过去 was / were done The reserve set up in 2018. 点 be + 数 一般将来 will be done A new report will published soon. 点 be 情态动词 must / can + be done Illegal hunting must stopped. 点 be 表里六行漏件，错全落在同两个位置：该有的 be 丢了，该有的 being / been 丢了。考试时默念“三件”，比默念“完整”有效——能数的东西才查得出来。边界反例：完成进行被动（has been being done）几乎不进高考题，遇到“完成 + 进行”双标志同现（since ... / at present），考试通常避免双叠结构，倾向把两个标志拆进两句，别硬造双叠结构。 6、 半独立练习：真实报道里的主语自判（四选一） 下面三句取自 2026 年春季候鸟迁徙的真实报道。先按线索自判：每句只给定位线索（主语核心词、时间词），不给判定类型——第几步会绊住你，自己撞一下才知道。判完再到教师版对照栏核对。 线索卡：① 句 1 主语是复数的鸟，时间是 every spring；② 句 2 先圈主语核心词——the number of 还是 a number of；③ 句 3 主语是 count（计数），别被 of 后面的复数名词带走。 1. Every spring, oriental white storks ______ (watch) round the clock by remote cameras at the Yellow River Delta. A. watch　B. are watching　C. are watched　D. watched 2. The number of northbound birds at Xingkai Lake ______ (report) to reach nearly 50,000 this spring. A. have reported　B. has been reported　C. have been reported　D. is reporting 3. The daily count of migratory birds at Horqin ______ (break) 160,000 this year — twice last season's figure. A. is breaking　B. are breaking　C. has broken　D. have broken 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C 【解析】句 1 every spring 常态、鹳被监测 → are watched，选 C；B 的进行误把常态当此刻。句 2 主语核心词 number 单数、birds 与 report 是被动关系、this spring 表至今 → has been reported，选 B；A 丢掉被动，D 丢掉被动与完成义（更常见表达为 is reported to have reached，但本题选项限制下 has been reported 可接受）。句 3 count 是主语核心词（单数），break 与 count 是主动关系、this year 表至今 → has broken，选 C；D 被 birds 带偏。先自判后对照，错在哪一问，回第四节对应行补。 命题说明：三句据央视网 2026 年 4 月 2 日报道教学化改编（黄河三角洲东方白鹳人工鸟巢与全天候观测、兴凯湖近 5 万只北归候鸟、科尔沁单日监测候鸟突破 16 万只且较去年成倍增长）。 7、 客观表达三件套与 to 的身份 三件套（应用文客观表达的加分项）： It is reported that many marine species are in danger of dying out.（客观引入，报道式开头） Measures are being taken to save the whales.（陈述正在采取的措施） The reserve is faced with pressure. / Many birds are exposed to pollution. / The wetland is located in the west.（面临 / 暴露于 / 位于） 写报告、倡议、说明时用三件套，比通篇主动句更正式，更像在陈述事实。It is reported / said / believed / thought that ... 四者结构相同，可轮换避免重复；也可改成“主语 + is reported to do”，如 The number is reported to be rising。 三处高频误用，作文里几乎年年出现： 第一，be exposed to 的 to 是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不接动词原形。are exposed to polluted water 对，are exposed to breathe 错。 错句：These birds are exposed to lose their home. 正句：These birds are exposed to losing their home. 第二，Measures are being taken to ... 是本讲惯用复数形式，谓语用 are；要写 Much is being done to ...，主语就得是不可数的 much，两者不能混搭。 第三，be faced with、be located in、be dressed in 这类固定搭配，be 一个都不能省。它们属状态被动——“面临、位于”的过程感已经消失，只剩状态。The reserve located in the city 是错的，得写 is located in。边界反例：face 作及物动词表“面临、面对”时主动也成立，如 We are facing a serious challenge、The reserve faces serious pressure；本讲固定练 be faced with，两个 face 各走各的，只是文体与搭配不同。 “动词 + 介词 to”归类记一组：be exposed to（暴露于）、be used to doing（习惯于，to 为介词）、be used to do（被用来做，to 为不定式）、be devoted to（投身于）、look forward to（盼望）——to 后接名词或动名词；只有不定式 to do 才接动词原形。 抓一句口令：“to 后面得有个被暴露的东西”——被暴露的是 losing their home 这件事，不是 lose 这个动作本身。念通这一句，are exposed to lose 这类句子多半自己就能察觉。 8、 接不接 by：动作被动与状态被动 动作被动：The road is being widened now.（正在被加宽，有过程，可接 by） 状态描述：The road is closed to traffic today.（closed 描述现状，不接 by） 状态被动：The reserve is located in the east.（located 表“位于”，通常不接 by） 判断口令：还有没有“被做”的过程感？还在发生 → 动作被动，可以接 by；早已完成、在描述现状 → 状态表达，通常不接 by（但 by 表示工具、伴随或包围时仍可出现，如 The house is surrounded by trees）。这一问顺手解决了“被动要不要带 by”的困惑。 把状态句硬改成动作被动、硬加 by 短语，就写出 the reserve is located in the east by people 这样的病句。病根在把“位于”当成了“被放置”。 顺带划清一条线：happen、occur、rise、die、appear 没有被动，都是不及物动词，不需要“被谁做”，被动无从谈起；look 作系动词“看起来”（= seem）时无被动，但 look after、look at 等短语动词可变被动，如 The baby is being looked after。中文里“被发生”“被增长”的说法最容易把人带沟里。 错句：Many fish are died because the water is polluted. 正句：Many fish have died because the water is polluted. 再补一类：take care of、pay attention to、listen to 这类短语动词变被动时，介词不能丢。The baby is taken good care of 里 care 后面的 of 不能省。 9、 used to 的三向分岔与 by 的去留 什么时候省略 by：施动者无关紧要、不言自明或不便说明时就省。Measures have been taken 不问谁采取的；The problem is being solved 不必说谁在解决。只有施动者是新信息、需要强调时才带 by——The lake was cleaned by the volunteers last week。删掉 by 短语句意还清楚，就删。 used to 的三向分岔——本讲最容易被讲成“一条规则”的地方。三句并排，to 的三种身份一目了然： 结构 语义 被动可能 例句 used to do 过去常常（现在不） 后接动词原形；逻辑主语为承受者可用 be done The reserve used to be farmland. / These birds used to be hunted. be used to do 被用来做 被动，to 为不定式 The camera is used to record birds. be used to doing 习惯于 系表，to 为介词 The ranger is used to living alone. 命题人考的就是“to 后面接什么”：第一、二向接动词原形（do），第三向接动名词（doing）。 错句：The camera is used to recording birds. 正句：The camera is used to record birds. 边界反例：把主语换成“人”（The ranger ...），be used to 后面就切换到动名词——同一个 used to，主语是物是“被用来做”，主语是人“习惯于”，判定先看主语再看 to。 10、 语域三问：被动不是越多越高级 被动弱化施动者，显得客观中立（Measures have been taken 不问是谁采取的）；被动突出结果与对象（The problem is being solved 强调的是问题）。 动笔前过三问：① 重点在“谁做的”还是“被做的”？② 文体是报告、说明、倡议吗？③ 主语是对象还是施动者？——任一指向被动，就走被动。 口语说 We are fixing the problem now；正式文体说 The problem is being fixed now。同一件事，先想文体再定主被动，不要通篇统一替换。 最常见的误解是“被动越多越高级”。通篇被动其实显得生硬、回避责任。判断只有一条：看这句话的主角是动作的承受者还是发出者。报告、倡议、说明类文体，承受者（动物、湿地、措施）通常是主角，用被动；叙事、演讲稿讲个人经历时，施动者（我们、我）是主角，用主动。 即时练一练 给朋友发消息报平安，写 The bird was saved by me. 得体吗？ 【答案】不得体。口语的场合里“我”是主角，应说 I saved the bird. 被动适合报告与说明，不适合私人消息的随意语境。 【解析】先问这句话像不像人在这个场合会说的话，再谈语法对错。动笔之前先定场合，比纠结语法形式更要紧。边界反例：同一个人在同一周写观鸟社团的活动简报，The bird was saved by our team member 反而合适——简报的主角是“事”与“鸟”，不是“我”。 11、 题型突破：语填两篇（谓语判定全流程） 第1篇 （10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It 1.______ (report) that large numbers of migratory birds 2.______ (see) arriving at the Sanhuanpao National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang these days. The reserve 3.______ (locate) on one of the world's major bird routes, where nearly 60 red-crowned cranes 4.______ (observe) recently — the largest group that 5.______ (record) there in the past five years. To keep the birds safe, patrol work 6.______ (carry) out on foot and by drone at present, and illegal hunting 7.______ (stop) strictly. In recent years, large areas of farmland 8.______ (turn) back into wetland, and the number of birds passing through 9.______ (grow) year by year. So far, the wetland 10.______ (become) an important “service station” on their long journey. 【答案】1. is reported　2. are being seen　3. is located　4. have been observed　5. has been recorded　6. is being carried　7. is stopped　8. has been turned　9. is growing　10. has become 【解析】第 1 空 It is reported that ... 固定句式。第 2 空 these days 走进行，birds 复数、被动 → are being seen。第 3 空 be located in 属状态被动，reserve 单数。第 4 空 recently 走完成，cranes 复数、被动 → have been observed。第 5 空 that 从句缺谓语，in the past five years 走完成，group 单数 → has been recorded。第 6 空 at present 走进行，work 不可数、被动 → is being carried。第 7 空 strictly 表常态，hunting 不可数、被动 → is stopped。第 8 空 in recent years 走完成，farmland 不可数、被动 → has been turned。第 9 空 year by year 走渐进，the number 单数 → is growing。第 10 空是全篇收口陷阱：so far 提示完成，但 become 不及物、没有被动 → has become，此处最容易因被动惯性误填。 第2篇 （10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1981, only seven crested ibises 1.______ (find) in the wild in Yangxian, Shaanxi Province. For years, their nests 2.______ (protect) by local villagers, and pesticides 3.______ (ban) across the birds' entire range so that the ibises can feed safely. Thanks to decades of work, the species 4.______ (save) from the edge of extinction. By 2023, the global population 5.______ (pass) ten thousand, and by 2026 the number 6.______ (reach) more than 12,000. Today, young ibises 7.______ (raise) both in the wild and in breeding centres, where they learn to live independently before 8.______ (release) into nature. It 9.______ (believe) that the “oriental gem” is now flying safely over the Qinling Mountains, and more protected areas 10.______ (set) up to enlarge their home next year. 【答案】1. were found　2. have been protected　3. are banned　4. has been saved　5. had passed　6. has reached　7. are raised　8. being released　9. is believed　10. will be set 【解析】第 1 空 in 1981 过去时间点，ibises 复数、被动 → were found。第 2 空 for years 走完成 → have been protected。第 3 空 are banned 表禁令常态， pesticides 复数、被动。第 4 空 species 单数（the species 作整体）、被动、影响至今 → has been saved。第 5 空 by 2023 是过去锚点，到那时前已完成 → had passed 主动（population 与 pass 是主动关系）。第 6 空 by 2026 即“到今年已”，影响现在 → has reached。第 7 空 are raised 常态被动。第 8 空 before 介词后接动名词，release 与 they 是被动关系 → being released。第 9 空 It is believed that ... 固定句式。第 10 空 next year 走将来 → will be set。第 5、6 空并排是本篇的判断眼：同为 by + 年份，锚在 2023 这个过去时点、动作已完成 → 过去完成时 had passed；锚在“已到现在” → 现在完成时 has reached——判定依据是“这件事与现在还有没有牵涉”。 命题说明：两篇分别据新华网 2026 年 10 月 9 日报道（三环泡候鸟迁徙，丹顶鹤集群、无人机巡护、退耕还湿）与新华网 2026 年 6 月 4 日报道（朱鹮种群：1981 年 7 只、2023 年破万、截至 2026 年全球突破 1.2 万只、全活动区域农药化肥禁施）教学化改编，数据与事实均以报道原文为准。 12、 分层实战 引导练习：补全被动结构（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 给谓语形式补全结构，写完点数三下： 1. The tree ______ (blow) down by the wind last night. 2. The new road ______ (widen) now. 3. The wounded bird ______ (look) after by a volunteer at present. 4. A lot of work ______ (do) since the project started. 5. The wetland ______ (face) with serious pollution now. 6. Many trees ______ (plant) along the river every spring. 7. The number of rare birds ______ (record) by volunteers every spring. 8. A lot of money ______ (spend) on the project at the moment. 【答案】1. was blown　2. is being widened　3. is being looked after　4. has been done　5. is faced　6. are planted　7. is recorded　8. is being spent 【解析】第 1 题 blow 的过去分词是 blown。第 3 题 look after 变被动时介词 after 不能丢。第 5 题 be faced with 属状态被动（也可说 face the problem 主动表“面临”，本讲固定练 be faced with）。第 7 题主语核心词是 number，the number of ... 视为单数，every spring 表常态 → is recorded。第 8 题 spend 的过去分词是 spent。 引导练习：主被动转换与语域判断（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 1. Scientists are studying the rare birds these days.（改为被动） 2. The local people have cleaned the river.（改为被动） 3. 写倡议书时，用 We must stop hunting 还是 Hunting must be stopped 更得体？ 4. 给朋友发消息说 The bird was saved by me. 是否自然？如不自然，请改写。 【答案】1. The rare birds are being studied by scientists these days.　2. The river has been cleaned by the local people.　3. 倡议书宜用被动 Hunting must be stopped，语气更客观、更有号召力；若要拉近与听众的距离，则用 We must stop hunting。　4. 不自然；口语中应说 I saved the bird. 【解析】第 4 题最能说明语域判断的本质：先看这句话像不像人在这个场合会说的话，再谈对错。动笔之前先想场合，比纠结语法更要紧。 能力提升：语篇语境选择（8 题，四选一） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。 The old watchtower 1.______ by the villagers for over a century. Right now, it 2.______ carefully. Many rare birds 3.______ in this area every spring, and their number 4.______ by local people these days. 1. A. has been protected　B. was protected　C. is being protected　D. had been protected 2. A. is restored　B. has been restored　C. is being restored　D. was restored 3. A. have been seen　B. are seen　C. were seen　D. will be seen 4. A. are being watched　B. has been watched　C. was watched　D. is being watched Measures 5.______ to save them at present, and much 6.______ so far. The wetland 7.______ in the west of the province, where many fish 8.______ to dirty water. 5. A. is being taken　B. are being taken　C. were taken　D. have been taken 6. A. was done　B. is done　C. has been done　D. will be done 7. A. is located　B. locates　C. is locating　D. located 8. A. are exposing　B. expose　C. were exposed　D. are exposed 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D　5. B　6. C　7. A　8. D 【解析】第 1 题 for over a century 提示“一个世纪以来一直受保护”，走完成被动 → has been protected。第 2 题 right now 走进行被动 → is being restored。第 3 题 every spring 表常态、被动，用 are seen；要用完成被动得有 since / over 之类的提示，这里没有。第 4 题 their number 作主语视为单数，these days 提示进行 → is being watched。第 5 题 measures 复数、at present 进行 → are being taken。第 6 题 much 不可数、so far 完成 → has been done。第 7 题 be located in 表“位于”，locate 用过去分词，不可用 -ing → is located。第 8 题 be exposed to 中 to 是介词，fish 复数、常态 → are exposed。 挑战层：段落写作（课后选做） 写一段含 3 处被动的动物保护段落，并给每处被动补一句语域理由。 参考框架（先自己写完再看） It is reported that the wetland is faced with serious pollution. Many rare birds are exposed to the danger of losing their home. Measures are being taken to restore the habitat, and more reserves are being built in the area. The wetland is located in the west of our province. 逐句看：It is reported that ... 客观开头；is faced with 陈述面临的威胁；are exposed to 说明暴露的风险；Measures are being taken / are being built 强调正在解决。全段被动贯穿，读起来是“客观陈述”，没有主观抱怨的腔调。 三件套进倡议书，只需换个尾巴（知识示例，非答案）： It is reported that more than half of the wetland birds are endangered. Measures are being taken to protect them, but we still need your help. 写作升格：把“措施 + 成效”写成被动对仗——While measures are being taken to clean the river, the habitat of many birds has been restored gradually. 前句进行被动表“正在做”，后句完成被动表“已有成效”，一在途一落定，比两句并列平推更有层次。 13、 写作任务：客观陈述倡议书（应用文） 任务：以校英语社团名义，就“保护城市湿地鸟类”写一份 80 词左右的倡议书，至少 3 处被动表达（含 1 处进行被动、1 处完成被动）。 参考范文（先自己写完再看） Dear fellow students, It is reported that the wetland birds in our city are facing a shrinking home. Many of them have been driven away by the loss of their habitat, and some are exposed to the danger of dying out. Measures are being taken to clean the river and build a bird-watching tower. Three new feeding stations have been set up since last month, and the number of visitors is being controlled during the breeding season. Your support is needed. The wetland is located in the west of our city — it is our duty to protect it. Yours sincerely,　Li Hua 【解析】完成被动 have been driven away / have been set up 表“已发生且影响现在”；进行被动 are being taken / is being controlled 表“正在做”；is located in 属状态被动，不接 by。主动句 Your support is needed、it is our duty 与被动交替，避免通篇被动显得生硬。缺称呼、身份、落款任一项，功能就不完整。 14、 批改示范与写作自检量表 学生初稿： The river is polluted. Many fish are died. We take some measures. We hope the water can become clean. 批改分三层走： 第一层 结构：Many fish are died 错，die 无被动，应作 have died。 第二层 客观性：We take some measures 主动、口语化，应改为 Measures are being taken。 第三层 三件套落地：加 It is reported that ... 作客观开头。 改写示范： It is reported that the river has been seriously polluted. Many fish have died, and their habitat is being lost. Measures are being taken to clean the water, and it is hoped that the river will recover soon. 逐处比对：has been polluted 用完成被动表“污染已发生且影响现在”；have died 用完成主动，因为 die 无被动；is being lost 用进行被动表“正在失去”；Measures are being taken 是客观被动；it is hoped that 用被动式作礼貌期待。同一段里被动与主动交替、时态各归其位，客观而不生硬。 维度 分值 扣分点 结构完整 3 缺称呼 / 身份 / 落款，各扣 1 分 三件套 3 未用 It is reported that / Measures are being taken / be faced with 中任一项，扣 1 分 语域得体 2 私人信里用被动显得刻意，或正式报告里用主动显得随便，扣 2 分 时态语态准确 2 漏 being / been，或 die 误用被动，各扣 1 分 15、 收束与自检 带走一句话：先过闸门判谓语空，一空五问走到底；被动三件点数三下，to 的身份看搭配，语域三问定主被动。 收束清单：三步（定主干、判语态、定时态与数）；被动三件（be + being / been + 过去分词）；三件套（It is reported that ...、Measures are being taken to ...、be faced with / be exposed to / be located in）。 自检标准：随机抽 3 题，能口述三步流程为过关。判定那句话是“先定主语核心词，再看主语是做事还是被做，最后定时间与数”。三步说全，流程才算真正长在身上。 典型错因四条：① 被动结构不完整——漏 being / been；② 语域误判——该客观却用主动，或通篇被动显得生硬；③ 主语单复数看错——被 of 后的名词带偏；④ 把 be exposed to、be used to 的 to 当不定式，后面接了动词原形。 我的错题记录（左抄错句，右写漏的是三件中的哪一件）：______ 16、 课后巩固（独立完成，约 30 分钟） 语法填空（10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As temperatures rise, the first migration peak 1.______ (arrive) at Xingkai Lake in Heilongjiang, where nearly 50,000 northbound birds 2.______ (gather) over the water so far this spring. At the Momoge reserve in Jilin, spoonbills 3.______ (build) their nests already, and at Liaohekou seventeen red-crowned cranes 4.______ (raise) by humans have just gone back to the wild. In Inner Mongolia, the daily bird count at Horqin 5.______ (break) 160,000 this year — twice last season's figure. Twenty-eight monitoring towers 6.______ (add) to the reserve by the end of the year, so that the birds 7.______ (can watch) over a wider area. At the Yellow River Delta, artificial nests 8.______ (place) in tall trees for oriental white storks, whose breeding season 9.______ (film) by remote cameras around the clock at present. It 10.______ (hope) that with such networks, more birds will complete their long journey safely. 【答案】1. has arrived　2. have gathered　3. have built　4. raised　5. has broken　6. will be added　7. can be watched　8. have been placed　9. is being filmed　10. is hoped 【解析】固定搭配与状态被动：第 10 空 It is hoped that ...；第 7 空 can be watched 情态被动。时间线从第 1 空起拉开：第 1 空 this spring 表至今 → has arrived；第 2 空 so far 走完成，birds 复数 → have gathered；第 3 空 already 提示动作已完成，spoonbills 自己筑巢为主动关系 → have built（白琵鹭已筑巢产卵，不能再写进行）；第 4 空 raised by humans 作后置定语，cranes 与 raise 是被动关系，非谓语用过去分词；第 5 空 count 单数、this year 表至今 → has broken；第 6 空 by the end of the year 走将来 → will be added；第 8 空 nests 已被放置，影响现在 → have been placed；第 9 空 at present 走进行，season 不可数、被动 → is being filmed。一篇文章里五条时间线各管各的，这正是谓语题的常态。 阅读理解（4 题） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 作答次序：先读题干圈定位词，再回语篇找对应句；推断题的依据永远锚在原文表述上。 语篇背景：本篇据新华网官网 2026年10月9日报道教学化改编，数据与事实以报道原文为准。 Golden autumn has painted the Sanjiang Plain, and the southward journey of migratory birds has quietly begun. In recent weeks, large groups of birds have arrived at the Sanhuanpao National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang to rest and refuel. Lying on the East Asian–Australasian flyway, the wetland serves as an important “service station” on one of the world's busiest bird routes. During recent monitoring, rangers observed nearly sixty red-crowned cranes near Luomahu Station — the largest group recorded there in five years. Rare species such as oriental white storks and white-naped cranes have also appeared among the reeds. To guard the travelers, the reserve has strengthened its patrols on the ground and in the air: drones now fly over the wetland regularly, and hunting or disturbing the birds is strictly forbidden. Local villagers have also been invited to join the protection work. Thanks to years of returning farmland to wetland, the ecological carrying capacity of the reserve keeps improving, and both the variety and the number of passing birds have been growing year by year. “More birds are choosing to stay longer,” a staff member said. “The wetland is becoming a name card of the region.” 1. Why is Sanhuanpao important for migratory birds? A. Because it lies on one of the world's major bird routes. B. Because it has a warm winter climate. C. Because it runs large breeding centres. D. Because it holds busy fish markets. 2. What do the numbers about the red-crowned cranes show? A. They no longer migrate south. B. They are the rarest birds in the world. C. A group larger than any in five years has appeared there. D. They have adapted to city life. 3. How does the reserve protect the birds? A. By closing the wetland to all visitors. B. By patrolling both on the ground and by drone. C. By moving the birds to zoos. D. By feeding them through the whole winter. 4. What can be inferred about the reserve's future? A. Farmland around it will expand. B. Fewer birds will pass through. C. Drones will replace all the rangers. D. Its ecological condition will keep improving. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】第 1 题定位首段 Lying on the East Asian–Australasian flyway — a “service station” on one of the world's busiest bird routes，A 完整对应；B、C、D 原文无据。第 2 题定位 the largest group recorded there in five years，C 同义转述“五年来规模最大”；A、D 与迁徙、野外的事实相反，B 比较无据。第 3 题定位 patrols on the ground and in the air: drones now fly over the wetland regularly，B 为地面加空中巡护的同义转述；A 绝对化，C、D 无据。第 4 题定位 the ecological carrying capacity of the reserve keeps improving ... growing year by year，推断生态条件将持续向好，D 成立；A 与退耕还湿方向相反，B 与数量递增相反，C 把“无人机巡查”曲解为全面替代人工。边界反例：第 4 题若把 keeps improving 换成 has stopped improving，D 就不再成立——推断题的依据永远锚在原文表述上。 命题说明：课后阅读语篇据新华网 2026 年 10 月 9 日报道教学化改编（与题型突破第一篇同源不同篇，事实数据不重叠设题：题型突破取无人机巡护与丹顶鹤数据设谓语空，本篇取迁徙通道定位与生态修复设理解题）。 微写作：倡议书片段（应用文） 请把下列中文倡议要点写成一段英文（80 词左右），留意时态、语态与语域。 要点：① 据报道，许多海洋物种正面临灭绝的危险；② 目前正在采取措施来拯救这些鲸类；③ 这座保护区位于我市西部，许多珍稀鸟类在此栖息；④ 需要每个人的支持。 参考译文（先自己写完再看） It is reported that many marine species are in danger of dying out. Measures are being taken to save the whales, yet much remains to be done. The reserve is located in the west of our city, where many rare birds live. Your support is needed to protect this last shelter. 【解析】第 ① 句 It is reported that ... 后接陈述语序从句；in danger of dying out 是核心词块。第 ② 句 being 不可省。第 ③ 句 be located in 后接地点，where 引导非限制性定语从句。第 ④ 句用被动 is needed 把读者拉进来，比 We need you 更有号召力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $