【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第17讲Unit 2 Wildlife Protection(词汇巩固_词族树与熟词生义)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册(教师版+学生版)

2026-10-11
| 2份
| 25页
| 31人阅读
| 0人下载
普通
周周有招学科驿站
进店逛逛

内容正文:

学科网周周有招-高中英语同步系列尖子班精品讲义 学科网周周有招 · 新教材同步尖子班讲义 2026 秋 · 人教版必修第二册 · 高一上学期 ·Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 第 17 讲 词汇巩固:词族树与熟词生义(教师版) 目录 一、课时安排 1 二、导入:这个词我认识,可句子读不懂 2 三、五棵词族树 2 四、派生三规则与四个拼写变化 3 四个高频拼写变化 3 后缀与空位信号对照表 4 逆推:从已知词形到目标词性 4 完形里的派生陷阱 4 叠加陷阱 4 五、词性转换判定:错误路径演示 5 三类典型错判 5 六、熟词生义 5 生义判断三步 6 短语生义 6 多义消歧的“试穿法” 6 半独立:给线索,不给答案 7 七、题型突破 7 语法填空 · 词族转换 7 熟词生义选择(共 4 小题) 8 八、分层实战 9 基础层(课堂完成)词形转换 9 提高层(课堂完成)语境生义 10 挑战层(课后选做)词族扩充 11 九、课堂自检与错题留白 11 十、课后巩固 11 语篇型语法填空(共 10 空) 11 完形填空(共 15 空) 12 应用文写作(1 篇,约 100 词) 14 一、课时安排 本讲 2 课时连排,共 120 分钟。 时段 模块 时长 落点 第 1 课时 导入(make out 冲突)→ 五棵词族树 → 派生三规则与拼写变化 53 分钟 根—动—名—形链条 + 四个高频拼写 第 2 课时 词性转换判定(错误路径演示)→ 熟词生义 → 题型突破 → 分层实战 67 分钟 成分→词性→变形 + 生义三步 学习目标 维度 本讲目标 语言能力 串起 danger、extinct、survive、threat、protect 五棵词族树,做到“给根词能逆推派生形式,给派生形式能回指根词”。 学习能力 掌握三条派生规则与四个高频拼写变化(pollution、loss、recovery、extinction),能按“成分 → 词性 → 变形”三步完成语法填空。 思维品质 掌握熟词生义判断三步(代入熟义 → 结合上下文猜新义 → 回读验证),能识别 make out、strike、plain、shelter 等词的语境义。 重点 词族树的根—动—名—形链条;词性转换的判定顺序;熟词生义的“试穿法”。 难点 派生与主谓一致/单复数的叠加;endangered(受害者)与 dangerous(施害者)的区分。 二、导入:这个词我认识,可句子读不懂 On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. make out 的常见义项是“理解、看懂”和“填写(表格)”。句中 just(仅仅、勉强)与 a herd of graceful animals(远处模糊的一群)共同把义项挤到了“勉强辨认出”。 把 make out 换成 understand,句子变成“我们能理解一群动物”——语法成立,语义错置。这个“错置”,就是生义题的入口。 三、五棵词族树 孤立背单词的最大浪费,是一个意思一个意思地背:danger 一个、endanger 一个、dangerous 一个。串成一棵树,等于同时备好名词、动词、形容词、副词四种位置的答案。语法填空给的是根词,答案往往是派生形式——别人在考场上现想“这里该填什么词性”,你是从树上摘一个现成的词。 词族根 动词 名词 形容词/副词 最容易错的地方 danger endanger(使濒危) danger endangered(濒危的);dangerous(危险的) endangered species 是“濒危物种”;dangerous animal 是“危险的动物”(会伤人)。一个是受害者,一个是施害者。 extinct — extinction(灭绝) extinct(灭绝的) 动词形式极不常用,派生只记名词 extinction;go extinct / become extinct 表“走向灭绝”。 survive survive(幸存) survival(幸存);survivor(幸存者) surviving(仍存活的) survival 指抽象事实,survivor 指具体的人;填哪个看空位是概念还是人。 threat threaten(威胁) threat threatening(威胁的) a threat to…;threaten to do / threaten sb with。 protect protect(保护) protection protective(保护性的);protected(受保护的) protective 接 of(be protective of rare birds);protected 修饰 area(a protected area)。一个表功能,一个表状态。 记词族按“根 → 动 → 名 → 形”的链条背 语法填空给的是根词,答案往往是派生形式。以 survive 树为例:题干给 survival,可能考动词 survived(and 并列谓语),也可能考名词 survival(the survival of the species)。同一个根词,考点可以落在“动词过去式”或“名词”两个不同位置。看到生存类词族,先默背整棵树(survive / survival / survivor / surviving),再看空位要哪个。 兼类词:不变形,靠位置定身份 不是所有词都要“变形”,有些词本来就是名词又是动词,靠句中的位置判断身份。 measure:在 The measures were effective 里是名词“措施”(作主语);在 How do we measure the danger? 里是动词“测量、衡量”(作谓语)。判断只看位置:在冠词 the / a 或形容词之后是名词,在主语之后作谓语是动词。 balance:名词“平衡”(the balance of nature 生态平衡)与动词“使平衡”(We should balance development and protection)兼有。生态类语篇里 balance 几乎都作名词,但作动词时不再加词尾。 ecology:名词“生态”,派生形容词 ecological(生态的)、名词 ecologist(生态学家)。拼写上,ecology 直接加 -cal 得 ecological;ecologicly 无此结构。 判读口诀:看到这类词,先看它在句中是“被描述的对象”(名词)还是“发出的动作”(动词),词形不变,身份靠位置定。 四、派生三规则与四个拼写变化 词族树的枝干,靠三条派生规则。记规则不是背术语,是给考场上的“逆推”备好零件——看到根词,知道该往哪个方向变。 规则一:动词 → 名词,常加 -tion / -sion:protect → protection,pollute → pollution。 规则二:名词 → 动词,常加 en- 前缀或 -en 后缀:danger → endanger,threat → threaten。 规则三:动词 → 名词(结果/人),加 -al / -or / -er:survive → survival,survive → survivor。 词性判定是第一步:看空在句中的位置。主语/宾语位置填名词;谓语位置填动词;修饰名词填形容词;修饰动词或形容词填副词。 四个高频拼写变化 pollute → pollution(去 e 加 -ion) lose → loss(去 e 加 -s,词性由动词转为名词) recover → recovery(词尾 -er 变 -ery;recoverment 无此结构) extinct → extinction(直接加 -ion;extinctation 无此结构) 这四个词在语法填空里反复出现,错因几乎全是“规则记对了、拼写写错了”。这四个词各默写两遍,成本极低,收益极高。 后缀与空位信号对照表 目标词性 常用后缀 例词 空位信号 名词 -tion / -sion / -ment / -ness / -th protect → protection;move → movement;lose → loss the / a / 形容词 / of 前 动词 en- / -en / -ize / -ify danger → endanger;wide → widen 主语后作谓语 形容词 -al / -ive / -ous / -ful / -ed / -ing ecology → ecological;protect → protective 名词前;be 后 副词 -ly fortunate → fortunately;rapid → rapidly 修饰动词/形容词/整句 逆推:从已知词形到目标词性 题目:The ______ (extinct) of the dodo bird is a famous case. 解析:第一步定成分——空前有 the、空后有 of,the + ___ + of 结构,明显是名词位置。第二步查规则——形容词 → 名词加 -ion,得 extinction。第三步查拼写——词尾已有 t,写 extinction,不是 extinctation。 顺着背(danger → endanger → endangered)容易,逆着找(给 endangered 要名词 danger)才是考场真实动作。把表格倒着练一遍,比正着抄十遍有效。 完形里的派生陷阱 派生不只在语法填空里考,完形里同样埋着陷阱:完形给四个词性不同的选项(如 ecological / ecology / ecologist / ecologically),表面考辨义,实则考词性与语境匹配。此时“成分 → 词性 → 变形”的顺序同样适用:先看空在句中修饰谁,锁定词性,再在同一词性的两个选项中比语义。学生要做的不是“认识四个词”,而是用词性先砍掉一半。 叠加陷阱 有时候空位既要派生、又要考虑单复数或时态,两个动作要一起做。如 The ______ (survive) of the shipwreck were rescued.:survivor 作主语,还需加复数 survivors(were 提示复数)。只做派生(survivor)却漏了复数是常见错法。 派生完成后,一定回头再检查一遍:这个名词要不要复数、这个动词要不要变形。 五、词性转换判定:错误路径演示 先演示最常见的错误路径,再给出正确判定流程。 三类典型错判 错句一:The ______ (protect) of pandas is our duty. 学生误填 protecting。 错因:看到 of 就想到动名词。此处空在主语位置(of 前),需名词;protect 的名词形式为 protection;此处填 protecting 不成立。 正:The protection of pandas is our duty. 错句二:The dangerous species needs our help.(想表达“濒危物种”) 错因:dangerous 指“会给他人带来危险的”;endangered 指“自身面临消失危险的”。藏羚羊并不伤人,它只是有灭绝风险。 正:The endangered species needs our help. 错句三:The number of the birds are growing quickly.(想表达“数量在增长”) 错因:number 作主语表“数量”时为单数概念,谓语用单数 is;受 birds 复数影响误用 are,此处必错。词形转换常与主谓一致同考,词性对了、单复数错了,同样失分。 正:The number of the birds is growing quickly. 判定顺序 判定顺序不可颠倒——先定“空在句中的成分”,再定“需要什么词性”,最后才想“怎么变形”。先想变形再定词性,是最常见的失分路径。 草稿纸上把判定顺序写成三行:成分 → 词性 → 变形,各占一行。 the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时谓语用单数——跟着 of 后面的复数名词走就反了;a number of 才表示“许多”,谓语用复数。这两个结构常与词性转换题目在同一篇里出现。 空位—词性—变形对照表 空在句中的位置 所需词性 常见变形 示例 主语/宾语(含 of 前) 名词 -tion / -sion / -al / -ment The protection of pandas is our duty. 谓语位置 动词 时态、三单、语态变化 Pollution threatens their health. 名词前(定语) 形容词 -ed / -ive / -ous / -al This is a protected area. 修饰动词/形容词/整句 副词 -ly Fortunately, the number is growing. the / a / 形容词之后 名词 盯紧单复数 He is the only survivor. 六、熟词生义 熟词生义考的不是你认不认识这个词,是你能不能发现“背过的那个意思在这里放不进去”。 词 常见义 语境义 语境例证 make out 理解;填写 (勉强)辨认出 we can just make out a herd of graceful animals strike 罢工;打击 打动;给……深刻印象 I'm struck by their beauty plain 简单的;朴素的 平原 On the plain in front of us shelter (动词)遮蔽 (名词)庇护所 The reserve is a shelter for the animals watch 观看 守护(watch over) volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night intend — 打算;意图 the government does not intend to stop the programmes delete from list 移走 从名单中移除 was taken off the endangered species list measure 测量 措施 The measures were effective profit 利润 (make profits)获利 Hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits sacred — 神圣的 To Zhaxi, the land is sacred 生义判断三步 ① 把“背过的意思”代入,看通不通;② 不通就结合上下文猜新义;③ 回读验证。 第三步最容易被跳过,而它恰恰是防止猜错的关键。猜完之后一定要把新义代回原句读一遍——读不通就换一个义项,不要将就。 短语生义 还有一组极易在完形里设陷阱的短语生义,它们不是单词多义,是短语在不同语境里的身份迁移: turn out:动词“外出、关灯”;语境义“结果是、证明是”(It turned out that the animal was a fox)。 set up:动词“设立”(set up a reserve 建立保护区);语境义“造成”(set up a problem 招致麻烦)。 put up:动词“举起、张贴”;语境义“搭建”(put up a tent)、“容忍”(put up with)。 短语生义的判断与单词生义同源:先看短语后面接什么(接 a problem 可能是“造成”,接 a reserve 是“建立”),再看上下文逻辑。 多义消歧的“试穿法” 把多个义项放回原句逐一“试穿”。比如 strike 有“打击、罢工、打动、钟响”等多个义项,考场上靠的不是背全义项,而是把句子里的限定成分当“衣架”——主语是人还是物、有没有情感动词、修饰词是什么。I'm struck by their beauty 里,主语是人、by their beauty 表“被……打动”,“打击”义放进去,语义错置。 多义词的答案,是限定成分帮你“挤”出来的,不是你想出来的。 生义题的选项里,最常见义项往往就是干扰项——正因为它最常见,学生看到熟词会直接选。选项放回原句,与句中的限定词(just、hardly、in the fog、still)冲突的义项直接排除。 半独立:给线索,不给答案 下面四句只给定位线索,不给答案形式。先自己走完“成分 → 词性 → 变形”三步,再对照参考判定。 1. The milu has made a remarkable ______ (recover) in the wetland.(线索:a 后接名词,recover 的派生拼写是考点) 2. Scientists ______ (success) in breeding the endangered cranes last year.(线索:主语后谓语位置,last year) 3. It is ______ (extreme) difficult to photograph wild snow leopards.(线索:修饰形容词 difficult) 4. The ______ (lose) of wetland is the biggest threat to water birds.(线索:the + ___ + of,以及 lose 的名词拼写) 参考判定(先自判,再逐条对照): (1)recovery——a 后接名词;此处填 recovering 不成立。 (2)succeeded——谓语位置用动词;success 是名词,放谓语位置必错。 (3)extremely——修饰形容词用副词。 (4)loss——lose 的名词是 loss(去 e 加 -s);loseing 无此结构,填 lost 则词性就反了。 四句走完再对照:如果第 2 句填了 success,回到“派生三规则”重走一遍规则二——名词与动词的互相派生,是本讲最容易滑倒的地方。 七、题型突破 语法填空 · 词族转换 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。 Tibetan antelopes were once in great 1. ______ (dangerous) because they were hunted 2. ______ (illegal) for their valuable fur. The population dropped sharply, and the species faced 3. ______ (extinct). Thanks to the 4. ______ (protect) of the government and the work of volunteers, the animals 5. ______ (survival) and their number has grown again. In 2026, researchers announced that the national population 6. ______ (pass) 300,000. Scientists 7. ______ (fly) drones over the calving grounds this summer and 8. ______ (count) groups of more than 10,000 animals. 9. ______ is clear that the hard work of patrolling and habitat protection is paying off. The recovery of the Tibetan antelope proves 10. ______ a species can come back when humans decide to protect it. 【答案】1. danger 2. illegally 3. extinction 4. protection 5. survived 6. had passed 7. flew 8. counted 9. It 10. that 【解析】 第 1 题:in great 后接名词,dangerous 的名词形式为 danger,空在介词短语末尾,是名词位置。 第 2 题:修饰动词 hunted 须用副词 illegally。 第 3 题:faced 后接名词,extinct 的名词为 extinction;词尾已有 t,extinctation 无此结构。 第 4 题:the 后接名词 protection。 第 5 题:and 连接并列分句,主语 the animals 后须接谓语,故用动词过去式 survived——提示词 survival 是名词,若直接照抄则词性不符,这正是设题点:给你一个“长得像答案”的词,逼你先定成分再定词性。 第 6 题:announced 为过去动作,宾语从句中“种群突破 30 万”发生在 announced 之前,属“过去的过去”,用过去完成时 had passed。 第 7 题:this summer 与科考报道时间一致,谓语与后文 counted 并列,用过去式 flew。 第 8 题:与 flew 并列谓语,用过去式 counted。 第 9 题:主语从句后置,句首用形式主语 It。 第 10 题:proves 后接宾语从句,从句成分完整、不缺疑问义,用 that。 这一篇检验的是“成分 → 词性 → 变形”三步顺序。先变形再定词性的学生,第 5 题必错。 熟词生义选择(共 4 小题) 1. The guide told us that the reserve is a shelter for wild animals. A. a covering from rain B. a place giving protection C. a large tent D. the act of hiding 【答案】B 【解析】shelter 在 reserve 语境中指“庇护所”,即可提供保护的处所——B。A、C、D 是 shelter 的常见义或字面义,与“保护区—野生动物”语境冲突,直接排除。 2. We could hardly make out the animals in the thick fog. A. to understand B. to manage to see C. to fill in D. to make up 【答案】B 【解析】hardly 与 in the thick fog 把义项挤到“勉强辨认出”——B。A、C 是 make out 的高频义项,恰是干扰,代人原句语义错置,直接排除。 3. The government does not intend to stop the programmes. A. to tend to B. to refuse to C. to plan to do D. to insist on 【答案】C 【解析】intend to do 意为“打算做”——C。A 项的 intend on 无此结构;B、D 与 does not intend 组合后与 programmes 仍在推进的语境矛盾,直接排除。 4. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting wildlife is a way of life. A. poor and barren B. far away C. empty and bare D. holy and deserving respect 【答案】D 【解析】sacred 与 a way of life 呼应,表“神圣的、受敬畏的”——D。B、C、D 同属负面环境义场,与“守护是生活方式”的敬重态度冲突,直接排除。 语法填空考“形态”——给根词,靠成分和派生规则变形;生义选择考“义项”——给熟词,靠语境挤出生义。一个考“词怎么变”,一个考“义怎么定”。学生单词全认识,阅读还是读不通,多数情况不是不认识单词,是把熟词的熟义硬套进句子。一个词的意义不是固定的,是被它所在的句子“临时指定”的。读不懂时,优先怀疑词义。 八、分层实战 基础层(课堂完成)词形转换 根据括号内单词的提示,在空白处填入适当形式。 The milu, also 1. ______ (call) Père David’s deer, is a rare animal native to China. It once lived only in royal hunting grounds and disappeared from the wild over a century ago. In the early 1990s, sixty-four milu 2. ______ (return) from Britain to Shishou, Hubei Province. Thanks to decades of 3. ______ (protect), the population there has grown 4. ______ more than 4,500, 5. ______ makes Shishou the world’s largest wild milu home. 6. ______ (they) wetland provides water plants and safe shelter, so the animals show no sign of 7. ______ (disappear) again. Volunteers patrol the area 8. ______ (regular) to keep poachers away. The milu’s story is a 9. ______ (power) reminder that species can come back, and it shows wetland protection 10. ______ wildlife recovery go hand in hand. If we keep giving nature enough space, more endangered animals will follow the milu’s path. 【答案】1. called 2. were returned 3. protection 4. to 5. which 6. Their 7. disappearing 8. regularly 9. powerful 10. and 【解析】 第 1 题:also called 意为“也被称为”,过去分词作后置定语。 第 2 题:过去时间点,milu 与 return 是被动(被运回),用 were returned。 第 3 题:decades of 后接名词,protect 的名词为 protection。 第 4 题:grow to 意为“增长到”,介词 to 表达到的终点。 第 5 题:空后 makes 缺主语且为非限制性,用 which 指代前面整个主句。 第 6 题:修饰名词 wetland 用形容词性物主代词 Their。 第 7 题:介词 of 后接动名词 disappearing。 第 8 题:修饰动词 patrol 用副词 regularly。 第 9 题:修饰名词 reminder 用形容词 powerful。 第 10 题:protection 与 recovery 并列作宾语从句内并列主语,用 and。 提高层(课堂完成)语境生义 1. The hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits. A. create B. obtain C. donate D. count 【答案】B 【解析】make profits 意为“获取利润”,点明猎杀动机——B。A、C、D 与 profit 的搭配在猎杀语境中均不成立,直接排除。 2. The measures were effective, and the population has recovered. A. expensive B. temporary C. effective D. complicated 【答案】C 【解析】population has recovered 反证措施“有效”——C。A、B、D 与“种群回升”这一事实矛盾,直接排除。 3. The guide told us to keep off the grass, because the ground was soft. A. keep on B. stay away from C. protect D. continue 【答案】B 【解析】because the ground was soft 提示“不要踩”,keep off the grass 意为“远离、不踏入”——B。A、C、D 都以 keep 开头,是典型的形近干扰,代入原句直接排除。 4. The expedition spent weeks measuring the depth of the lake. A. finding the size of B. taking measures C. weighing D. guessing 【答案】A 【解析】measuring the depth 意为“测量深度”——A。B 是 measure 的名词熟义,正是设题点;C、D 代入后与 the depth 语义错置,直接排除。 5. It took years for the ecosystem to recover from the pollution. A. discover again B. regain C. cover again D. get back to health 【答案】D 【解析】recover from 意为“从……中恢复”——D。A、B、C 均为 recover 的字面拆分干扰,与 the ecosystem 的语境不符,直接排除。 挑战层(课后选做)词族扩充 自选 5 组本讲词,按“根 → 动词 → 名词 → 形容词”链条整理,并标注每组的前后缀功能。不设标准答案;评价重点为派生关系是否成立、词性是否标注准确。 九、课堂自检与错题留白 默写五棵词族树的根词:danger、extinct、survive、threat、protect;并说出三个熟词生义词:make out(辨认出)、strike(打动)、plain(平原)。 自检标准:随机抽 5 个词,能说出“词性变化 + 一个例句”为过关。说不出词性变化的,回到“五棵词族树”一节重新过树。 错因 典型表现 订正要点 词性未定先变形 看到 of 就填 -ing 先定空位成分,再定词性,最后变形 拼写习惯性出错 extinct → extinctation 词尾已有 t,直接加 -ion,不重复 t 单复数漏做 survivor 忘了加 s 变形后再回看谓语与限定词 endangered / dangerous 混用 把“濒危”写成 dangerous 问一句:它是受害者还是施害者? 生义代入不回读 选了“理解” 把选项代回原句,与 just / hardly 等限定词冲突即排除 十、课后巩固 语篇型语法填空(共 10 空) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。 The crested ibis was once among the 1. ______ (rare) birds in the world. In 1981, scientists found only seven of 2. ______ (they) in a mountain village in Shaanxi Province. Since then, a special reserve 3. ______ (build) to protect them, and the global population 4. ______ (rise) year by year. Farmers nearby 5. ______ (ask) not to use chemicals in the fields, 6. ______ keeps the water clean for the birds. Young ibises 7. ______ (care) for by trained keepers before being set free. By 2026, the number 8. ______ (pass) 11,000, and the species 9. ______ (remove) from the endangered list in recent years. This recovery proves 10. ______ patient protection truly works. 【答案】1. rarest 2. them 3. has been built 4. has risen 5. are asked 6. which 7. are cared 8. had passed 9. has been removed 10. that 【解析】 第 1 题:among the ___ birds 表“最……之一”,用最高级 rarest。 第 2 题:介词 of 后接人称代词宾格 them。 第 3 题:Since then 表从过去持续至今,reserve 与 build 是被动,用 has been built。 第 4 题:year by year 表持续,主语 the global population 单数,用 has risen。 第 5 题:farmers 与 ask 是被动(被要求),用 are asked。 第 6 题:非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句,用 which。 第 7 题:ibises 与 care for 是被动,常态表述,用 are cared。 第 8 题:By 2026 表到过去某时为止,用过去完成时 had passed。 第 9 题:in recent years 提示现在完成,species 与 remove 是被动,用 has been removed。 第 10 题:proves 后宾语从句成分完整,用 that。 完形填空(共 15 空) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last summer, I joined a volunteer team watching the Yangtze finless porpoise, an animal people call the “smiling angel” of the river. Our job was to 1. ______ how many porpoises appeared near the bank. Every morning, we scanned the water for small grey backs that briefly 2. ______ from the surface. In the past, the porpoises were often 3. ______ by passing ships, and overfishing took away much of their food. By 2017, only 1,012 were 4. ______ in the whole river, and people began to 5. ______ that the Yangtze might lose this lovely creature forever. Then came the ten-year fishing ban, and factories along the river were 6. ______ to treat their waste before releasing it. Slowly, fish returned, and so 7. ______ the porpoises. A survey in 2022 counted 1,249 — 177 more than five years 8. ______. The latest count has reached 1,426, the highest since records began. An old fisherman told me he had seen groups of porpoises playing near his boat, something he had not 9. ______ for years. “The river is 10. ______ again,” he said. His words 11. ______ me deeply: protecting nature is never a one-way street. Whenever we give the river a 12. ______, it gives life back to us. I used to think one person’s effort was too 13. ______ to matter. Now I know every watchful eye 14. ______. If each of us does our part, the smile of the Yangtze will never 15. ______. 1. A. feed B. count C. follow D. photograph 2. A. appeared B. sank C. escaped D. stayed 3. A. protected B. attracted C. hurt D. watched 4. A. lost B. forgotten C. sold D. recorded 5. A. forget B. realize C. deny D. doubt 6. A. required B. allowed C. warned D. forbidden 7. A. were B. would C. did D. had 8. A. earlier B. ago C. later D. before 9. A. expected B. imagined C. heard D. witnessed 10. A. quiet B. alive C. deep D. cold 11. A. confused B. worried C. touched D. tired 12. A. chance B. name C. hand D. call 13. A. strong B. slow C. far D. small 14. A. waits B. watches C. counts D. helps 15. A. return B. fade C. repeat D. stop 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 第 1 题:our job was to ___ how many 表清点数量——count,B。feed/follow/photograph 与统计目的冲突,直接排除。 第 2 题:grey backs 短暂露出水面,appeared,A。sank 方向就反了。 第 3 题:were often ___ by passing ships 呼应过去船运的伤害,hurt,C。protected/watched 与伤害背景矛盾,直接排除。 第 4 题:only 1,012 were ___ in the whole river,数字被记录,recorded,D。 第 5 题:people began to ___ that…might lose 表“开始意识到”,realize,B。forget/deny/doubt 与“担心失去”语境相反,直接排除。 第 6 题:were ___ to treat their waste 表“被要求治理污水”,required,A。forbidden 与治理逻辑就反了。 第 7 题:so 后倒装,主语 the porpoises 复数,前句 returned 为过去式,助动词用 did,C。had 无对应完成语境,无此结构。 第 8 题:以 2022 年为基点向前推五年,earlier,A。ago 需以现在为基点,此处语义错置。 第 9 题:something he had not ___ for years,多年没再见到,witnessed,D。 第 10 题:江豚归来,河流重现生机,alive,B。quiet/deep/cold 与“生机”无关,直接排除。 第 11 题:His words ___ me deeply,老渔民的话深深触动我,touched,C。 第 12 题:give the river a ___,给河流一次机会,chance,A。 第 13 题:too ___ to matter,一个人的力量太小,small,D。strong 与 too…to 连用后语义就反了。 第 14 题:every watchful eye ___,每一双守望的眼睛都有分量,counts(起作用),C。 第 15 题:the smile…will never ___,微笑不会褪去,fade,B。return 与 never 连用后与江豚已回归的语境矛盾,直接排除。 应用文写作(1 篇,约 100 词) 假定你是李华,为校英文报“Wildlife Club”栏目写一篇短文,呼吁同学参与周末的湿地护鸟志愿活动。内容包括:活动目的、具体行动(如观鸟记录、清理垃圾、设立警示牌)、参与方式。词数 100 左右。 参考范文 Want to do something real for the birds outside our window? Join the Wetland Bird Watch this Saturday. We will count the birds stopping here on their way south, pick up litter along the bank, and put up signs to keep visitors off the grass. The crested ibis was once down to just seven birds in 1981; today there are more than 11,000 — protection works when people show up. Meet at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. Bring binoculars if you have them. Write to wildlife@school.com to sign up. 点评要点 ① 身份与对象明确(校英文报读者/同学);② 行动具体可核查(count、pick up、put up signs);③ 用数据支撑呼吁(七只 → 11,000),避免空喊;④ 渠道与落款齐全;⑤ 复杂结构控制在 2 处以内(We will count… and put up…;Small actions, but the cranes notice.)。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $学科网周周有招-高中英语同步系列尖子班精品讲义 学科网周周有招 · 新教材同步尖子班讲义 2026 秋 · 人教版必修第二册 · 高一上学期 ·Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 第 17 讲 词汇巩固:词族树与熟词生义(学生版) 目录 一、课时安排 1 二、导入:这个词我认识,可句子读不懂 2 三、五棵词族树 2 四、派生三规则与四个拼写变化 3 四个高频拼写变化 3 后缀与空位信号对照表 4 逆推:从已知词形到目标词性 4 完形里的派生陷阱 4 叠加陷阱 4 五、词性转换判定:错误路径演示 4 三类典型错判 4 六、熟词生义 5 生义判断三步 6 短语生义 6 多义消歧的“试穿法” 6 半独立:给线索,不给答案 6 七、题型突破 7 语法填空 · 词族转换 7 熟词生义选择(共 4 小题) 7 八、分层实战 8 基础层(课堂完成)词形转换 8 提高层(课堂完成)语境生义 8 挑战层(课后选做)词族扩充 8 九、课堂自检与错题留白 9 十、课后巩固 9 语篇型语法填空(共 10 空) 9 完形填空(共 15 空) 9 应用文写作(1 篇,约 100 词) 10 一、课时安排 本讲 2 课时连排,共 120 分钟。 时段 模块 时长 落点 第 1 课时 导入(make out 冲突)→ 五棵词族树 → 派生三规则与拼写变化 53 分钟 根—动—名—形链条 + 四个高频拼写 第 2 课时 词性转换判定(错误路径演示)→ 熟词生义 → 题型突破 → 分层实战 67 分钟 成分→词性→变形 + 生义三步 学习目标 二、导入:这个词我认识,可句子读不懂 On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. make out 的常见义项是“理解、看懂”和“填写(表格)”。句中 just(仅仅、勉强)与 a herd of graceful animals(远处模糊的一群)共同把义项挤到了“勉强辨认出”。 把 make out 换成 understand,句子变成“我们能理解一群动物”——语法成立,语义错置。这个“错置”,就是生义题的入口。 三、五棵词族树 孤立背单词的最大浪费,是一个意思一个意思地背:danger 一个、endanger 一个、dangerous 一个。串成一棵树,等于同时备好名词、动词、形容词、副词四种位置的答案。语法填空给的是根词,答案往往是派生形式——别人在考场上现想“这里该填什么词性”,你是从树上摘一个现成的词。 词族根 动词 名词 形容词/副词 最容易错的地方 danger endanger(使濒危) danger endangered(濒危的);dangerous(危险的) endangered species 是“濒危物种”;dangerous animal 是“危险的动物”(会伤人)。一个是受害者,一个是施害者。 extinct — extinction(灭绝) extinct(灭绝的) 动词形式极不常用,派生只记名词 extinction;go extinct / become extinct 表“走向灭绝”。 survive survive(幸存) survival(幸存);survivor(幸存者) surviving(仍存活的) survival 指抽象事实,survivor 指具体的人;填哪个看空位是概念还是人。 threat threaten(威胁) threat threatening(威胁的) a threat to…;threaten to do / threaten sb with。 protect protect(保护) protection protective(保护性的);protected(受保护的) protective 接 of(be protective of rare birds);protected 修饰 area(a protected area)。一个表功能,一个表状态。 记词族按“根 → 动 → 名 → 形”的链条背 语法填空给的是根词,答案往往是派生形式。以 survive 树为例:题干给 survival,可能考动词 survived(and 并列谓语),也可能考名词 survival(the survival of the species)。同一个根词,考点可以落在“动词过去式”或“名词”两个不同位置。看到生存类词族,先默背整棵树(survive / survival / survivor / surviving),再看空位要哪个。 兼类词:不变形,靠位置定身份 不是所有词都要“变形”,有些词本来就是名词又是动词,靠句中的位置判断身份。 measure:在 The measures were effective 里是名词“措施”(作主语);在 How do we measure the danger? 里是动词“测量、衡量”(作谓语)。判断只看位置:在冠词 the / a 或形容词之后是名词,在主语之后作谓语是动词。 balance:名词“平衡”(the balance of nature 生态平衡)与动词“使平衡”(We should balance development and protection)兼有。生态类语篇里 balance 几乎都作名词,但作动词时不再加词尾。 ecology:名词“生态”,派生形容词 ecological(生态的)、名词 ecologist(生态学家)。拼写上,ecology 直接加 -cal 得 ecological;ecologicly 无此结构。 判读口诀:看到这类词,先看它在句中是“被描述的对象”(名词)还是“发出的动作”(动词),词形不变,身份靠位置定。 四、派生三规则与四个拼写变化 词族树的枝干,靠三条派生规则。记规则不是背术语,是给考场上的“逆推”备好零件——看到根词,知道该往哪个方向变。 规则一:动词 → 名词,常加 -tion / -sion:protect → protection,pollute → pollution。 规则二:名词 → 动词,常加 en- 前缀或 -en 后缀:danger → endanger,threat → threaten。 规则三:动词 → 名词(结果/人),加 -al / -or / -er:survive → survival,survive → survivor。 词性判定是第一步:看空在句中的位置。主语/宾语位置填名词;谓语位置填动词;修饰名词填形容词;修饰动词或形容词填副词。 四个高频拼写变化 pollute → pollution(去 e 加 -ion) lose → loss(去 e 加 -s,词性由动词转为名词) recover → recovery(词尾 -er 变 -ery;recoverment 无此结构) extinct → extinction(直接加 -ion;extinctation 无此结构) 这四个词在语法填空里反复出现,错因几乎全是“规则记对了、拼写写错了”。这四个词各默写两遍,成本极低,收益极高。 后缀与空位信号对照表 目标词性 常用后缀 例词 空位信号 名词 -tion / -sion / -ment / -ness / -th protect → protection;move → movement;lose → loss the / a / 形容词 / of 前 动词 en- / -en / -ize / -ify danger → endanger;wide → widen 主语后作谓语 形容词 -al / -ive / -ous / -ful / -ed / -ing ecology → ecological;protect → protective 名词前;be 后 副词 -ly fortunate → fortunately;rapid → rapidly 修饰动词/形容词/整句 逆推:从已知词形到目标词性 题目:The ______ (extinct) of the dodo bird is a famous case. 解析:第一步定成分——空前有 the、空后有 of,the + ___ + of 结构,明显是名词位置。第二步查规则——形容词 → 名词加 -ion,得 extinction。第三步查拼写——词尾已有 t,写 extinction,不是 extinctation。 顺着背(danger → endanger → endangered)容易,逆着找(给 endangered 要名词 danger)才是考场真实动作。把表格倒着练一遍,比正着抄十遍有效。 完形里的派生陷阱 派生不只在语法填空里考,完形里同样埋着陷阱:完形给四个词性不同的选项(如 ecological / ecology / ecologist / ecologically),表面考辨义,实则考词性与语境匹配。此时“成分 → 词性 → 变形”的顺序同样适用:先看空在句中修饰谁,锁定词性,再在同一词性的两个选项中比语义。学生要做的不是“认识四个词”,而是用词性先砍掉一半。 叠加陷阱 有时候空位既要派生、又要考虑单复数或时态,两个动作要一起做。如 The ______ (survive) of the shipwreck were rescued.:survivor 作主语,还需加复数 survivors(were 提示复数)。只做派生(survivor)却漏了复数是常见错法。 派生完成后,一定回头再检查一遍:这个名词要不要复数、这个动词要不要变形。 五、词性转换判定:错误路径演示 先演示最常见的错误路径,再给出正确判定流程。 三类典型错判 错句一:The ______ (protect) of pandas is our duty. 学生误填 protecting。 错因:看到 of 就想到动名词。此处空在主语位置(of 前),需名词;protect 的名词形式为 protection;此处填 protecting 不成立。 正:The protection of pandas is our duty. 错句二:The dangerous species needs our help.(想表达“濒危物种”) 错因:dangerous 指“会给他人带来危险的”;endangered 指“自身面临消失危险的”。藏羚羊并不伤人,它只是有灭绝风险。 正:The endangered species needs our help. 错句三:The number of the birds are growing quickly.(想表达“数量在增长”) 错因:number 作主语表“数量”时为单数概念,谓语用单数 is;受 birds 复数影响误用 are,此处必错。词形转换常与主谓一致同考,词性对了、单复数错了,同样失分。 正:The number of the birds is growing quickly. 判定顺序 判定顺序不可颠倒——先定“空在句中的成分”,再定“需要什么词性”,最后才想“怎么变形”。先想变形再定词性,是最常见的失分路径。 草稿纸上把判定顺序写成三行:成分 → 词性 → 变形,各占一行。 the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时谓语用单数——跟着 of 后面的复数名词走就反了;a number of 才表示“许多”,谓语用复数。这两个结构常与词性转换题目在同一篇里出现。 空位—词性—变形对照表 空在句中的位置 所需词性 常见变形 示例 主语/宾语(含 of 前) 名词 -tion / -sion / -al / -ment The protection of pandas is our duty. 谓语位置 动词 时态、三单、语态变化 Pollution threatens their health. 名词前(定语) 形容词 -ed / -ive / -ous / -al This is a protected area. 修饰动词/形容词/整句 副词 -ly Fortunately, the number is growing. the / a / 形容词之后 名词 盯紧单复数 He is the only survivor. 六、熟词生义 熟词生义考的不是你认不认识这个词,是你能不能发现“背过的那个意思在这里放不进去”。 词 常见义 语境义 语境例证 make out 理解;填写 (勉强)辨认出 we can just make out a herd of graceful animals strike 罢工;打击 打动;给……深刻印象 I'm struck by their beauty plain 简单的;朴素的 平原 On the plain in front of us shelter (动词)遮蔽 (名词)庇护所 The reserve is a shelter for the animals watch 观看 守护(watch over) volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night intend — 打算;意图 the government does not intend to stop the programmes delete from list 移走 从名单中移除 was taken off the endangered species list measure 测量 措施 The measures were effective profit 利润 (make profits)获利 Hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits sacred — 神圣的 To Zhaxi, the land is sacred 生义判断三步 ① 把“背过的意思”代入,看通不通;② 不通就结合上下文猜新义;③ 回读验证。 第三步最容易被跳过,而它恰恰是防止猜错的关键。猜完之后一定要把新义代回原句读一遍——读不通就换一个义项,不要将就。 短语生义 还有一组极易在完形里设陷阱的短语生义,它们不是单词多义,是短语在不同语境里的身份迁移: turn out:动词“外出、关灯”;语境义“结果是、证明是”(It turned out that the animal was a fox)。 set up:动词“设立”(set up a reserve 建立保护区);语境义“造成”(set up a problem 招致麻烦)。 put up:动词“举起、张贴”;语境义“搭建”(put up a tent)、“容忍”(put up with)。 短语生义的判断与单词生义同源:先看短语后面接什么(接 a problem 可能是“造成”,接 a reserve 是“建立”),再看上下文逻辑。 多义消歧的“试穿法” 把多个义项放回原句逐一“试穿”。比如 strike 有“打击、罢工、打动、钟响”等多个义项,考场上靠的不是背全义项,而是把句子里的限定成分当“衣架”——主语是人还是物、有没有情感动词、修饰词是什么。I'm struck by their beauty 里,主语是人、by their beauty 表“被……打动”,“打击”义放进去,语义错置。 多义词的答案,是限定成分帮你“挤”出来的,不是你想出来的。 生义题的选项里,最常见义项往往就是干扰项——正因为它最常见,学生看到熟词会直接选。选项放回原句,与句中的限定词(just、hardly、in the fog、still)冲突的义项直接排除。 半独立:给线索,不给答案 下面四句只给定位线索。先自己走完“成分 → 词性 → 变形”三步,把答案写在横线上,再与同学核对。 1. The milu has made a remarkable ______ (recover) in the wetland.(线索:a 后接名词,recover 的派生拼写是考点) 2. Scientists ______ (success) in breeding the endangered cranes last year.(线索:主语后谓语位置,last year) 3. It is ______ (extreme) difficult to photograph wild snow leopards.(线索:修饰形容词 difficult) 4. The ______ (lose) of wetland is the biggest threat to water birds.(线索:the + ___ + of,以及 lose 的名词拼写) 七、题型突破 语法填空 · 词族转换 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。 Tibetan antelopes were once in great 1. ______ (dangerous) because they were hunted 2. ______ (illegal) for their valuable fur. The population dropped sharply, and the species faced 3. ______ (extinct). Thanks to the 4. ______ (protect) of the government and the work of volunteers, the animals 5. ______ (survival) and their number has grown again. In 2026, researchers announced that the national population 6. ______ (pass) 300,000. Scientists 7. ______ (fly) drones over the calving grounds this summer and 8. ______ (count) groups of more than 10,000 animals. 9. ______ is clear that the hard work of patrolling and habitat protection is paying off. The recovery of the Tibetan antelope proves 10. ______ a species can come back when humans decide to protect it. 这一篇检验的是“成分 → 词性 → 变形”三步顺序。先变形再定词性的学生,第 5 题必错。 熟词生义选择(共 4 小题) 1. The guide told us that the reserve is a shelter for wild animals. A. a covering from rain B. a place giving protection C. a large tent D. the act of hiding 2. We could hardly make out the animals in the thick fog. A. to understand B. to manage to see C. to fill in D. to make up 3. The government does not intend to stop the programmes. A. to tend to B. to refuse to C. to plan to do D. to insist on 4. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting wildlife is a way of life. A. poor and barren B. far away C. empty and bare D. holy and deserving respect 语法填空考“形态”——给根词,靠成分和派生规则变形;生义选择考“义项”——给熟词,靠语境挤出生义。一个考“词怎么变”,一个考“义怎么定”。学生单词全认识,阅读还是读不通,多数情况不是不认识单词,是把熟词的熟义硬套进句子。一个词的意义不是固定的,是被它所在的句子“临时指定”的。读不懂时,优先怀疑词义。 八、分层实战 基础层(课堂完成)词形转换 根据括号内单词的提示,在空白处填入适当形式。 The milu, also 1. ______ (call) Père David’s deer, is a rare animal native to China. It once lived only in royal hunting grounds and disappeared from the wild over a century ago. In the early 1990s, sixty-four milu 2. ______ (return) from Britain to Shishou, Hubei Province. Thanks to decades of 3. ______ (protect), the population there has grown 4. ______ more than 4,500, 5. ______ makes Shishou the world’s largest wild milu home. 6. ______ (they) wetland provides water plants and safe shelter, so the animals show no sign of 7. ______ (disappear) again. Volunteers patrol the area 8. ______ (regular) to keep poachers away. The milu’s story is a 9. ______ (power) reminder that species can come back, and it shows wetland protection 10. ______ wildlife recovery go hand in hand. If we keep giving nature enough space, more endangered animals will follow the milu’s path. 提高层(课堂完成)语境生义 1. The hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits. A. create B. obtain C. donate D. count 2. The measures were effective, and the population has recovered. A. expensive B. temporary C. effective D. complicated 3. The guide told us to keep off the grass, because the ground was soft. A. keep on B. stay away from C. protect D. continue 4. The expedition spent weeks measuring the depth of the lake. A. finding the size of B. taking measures C. weighing D. guessing 5. It took years for the ecosystem to recover from the pollution. A. discover again B. regain C. cover again D. get back to health 挑战层(课后选做)词族扩充 自选 5 组本讲词,按“根 → 动词 → 名词 → 形容词”链条整理,并标注每组的前后缀功能。不设标准答案;评价重点为派生关系是否成立、词性是否标注准确。 九、课堂自检与错题留白 默写五棵词族树的根词:danger、extinct、survive、threat、protect;并说出三个熟词生义词:make out(辨认出)、strike(打动)、plain(平原)。 自检标准:随机抽 5 个词,能说出“词性变化 + 一个例句”为过关。说不出词性变化的,回到“五棵词族树”一节重新过树。 错因 典型表现 订正要点 词性未定先变形 看到 of 就填 -ing 先定空位成分,再定词性,最后变形 拼写习惯性出错 extinct → extinctation 词尾已有 t,直接加 -ion,不重复 t 单复数漏做 survivor 忘了加 s 变形后再回看谓语与限定词 endangered / dangerous 混用 把“濒危”写成 dangerous 问一句:它是受害者还是施害者? 生义代入不回读 选了“理解” 把选项代回原句,与 just / hardly 等限定词冲突即排除 十、课后巩固 语篇型语法填空(共 10 空) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。 The crested ibis was once among the 1. ______ (rare) birds in the world. In 1981, scientists found only seven of 2. ______ (they) in a mountain village in Shaanxi Province. Since then, a special reserve 3. ______ (build) to protect them, and the global population 4. ______ (rise) year by year. Farmers nearby 5. ______ (ask) not to use chemicals in the fields, 6. ______ keeps the water clean for the birds. Young ibises 7. ______ (care) for by trained keepers before being set free. By 2026, the number 8. ______ (pass) 11,000, and the species 9. ______ (remove) from the endangered list in recent years. This recovery proves 10. ______ patient protection truly works. 完形填空(共 15 空) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last summer, I joined a volunteer team watching the Yangtze finless porpoise, an animal people call the “smiling angel” of the river. Our job was to 1. ______ how many porpoises appeared near the bank. Every morning, we scanned the water for small grey backs that briefly 2. ______ from the surface. In the past, the porpoises were often 3. ______ by passing ships, and overfishing took away much of their food. By 2017, only 1,012 were 4. ______ in the whole river, and people began to 5. ______ that the Yangtze might lose this lovely creature forever. Then came the ten-year fishing ban, and factories along the river were 6. ______ to treat their waste before releasing it. Slowly, fish returned, and so 7. ______ the porpoises. A survey in 2022 counted 1,249 — 177 more than five years 8. ______. The latest count has reached 1,426, the highest since records began. An old fisherman told me he had seen groups of porpoises playing near his boat, something he had not 9. ______ for years. “The river is 10. ______ again,” he said. His words 11. ______ me deeply: protecting nature is never a one-way street. Whenever we give the river a 12. ______, it gives life back to us. I used to think one person’s effort was too 13. ______ to matter. Now I know every watchful eye 14. ______. If each of us does our part, the smile of the Yangtze will never 15. ______. 1. A. feed B. count C. follow D. photograph 2. A. appeared B. sank C. escaped D. stayed 3. A. protected B. attracted C. hurt D. watched 4. A. lost B. forgotten C. sold D. recorded 5. A. forget B. realize C. deny D. doubt 6. A. required B. allowed C. warned D. forbidden 7. A. were B. would C. did D. had 8. A. earlier B. ago C. later D. before 9. A. expected B. imagined C. heard D. witnessed 10. A. quiet B. alive C. deep D. cold 11. A. confused B. worried C. touched D. tired 12. A. chance B. name C. hand D. call 13. A. strong B. slow C. far D. small 14. A. waits B. watches C. counts D. helps 15. A. return B. fade C. repeat D. stop 应用文写作(1 篇,约 100 词) 假定你是李华,为校英文报“Wildlife Club”栏目写一篇短文,呼吁同学参与周末的湿地护鸟志愿活动。内容包括:活动目的、具体行动(如观鸟记录、清理垃圾、设立警示牌)、参与方式。词数 100 左右。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第17讲Unit 2 Wildlife Protection(词汇巩固_词族树与熟词生义)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册(教师版+学生版)
1
【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第17讲Unit 2 Wildlife Protection(词汇巩固_词族树与熟词生义)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册(教师版+学生版)
2
【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第17讲Unit 2 Wildlife Protection(词汇巩固_词族树与熟词生义)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册(教师版+学生版)
3
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。