【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第18讲Unit 2 Wildlife Protection（语篇精读 A Day in the Clouds）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册（教师版+学生版）

学科网周周有招 · 新教材同步尖子班讲义　2026 秋 · 人教版必修第二册 · 高一上学期 Unit 2　Wildlife Protection 第 18 讲　语篇精读：A Day in the Clouds（学生版） 目录 一、 课时安排与学习目标 1 二、 导入：一个介词，两种结果（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 1 三、 通读与段落功能划分 2 四、 四个阅读动作 3 动作一：段落功能——观察、威胁、措施、成效 3 动作二：数据句四步读法 3 动作三：长难句拆解 4 动作四：事实与观点 5 五、 主旨链：从“救动物”到“救自己” 5 六、 高频易错速查表（判据自足） 6 七、 半独立练习：阅读数据自判（共 3 小题） 6 八、 题型突破：语篇阅读（共 6 小题） 7 九、 分层实战（课堂完成） 7 基础层：信息定位（非高考题型·仅供诊断，共 5 小题） 7 提高层：阅读推断与数据句（共 7 小题） 8 挑战层（课后选做）：四词摘要 8 十、 课堂小结（带走） 9 十一、 课后巩固（30 分钟独立完成） 9 1、 课时安排与学习目标 【课时安排】本讲 2 课时连排，共 120 分钟。语篇为人教版必修二 Unit 2 阅读课文 A Day in the Clouds（藏羚羊保护）。本讲不做逐句翻译，只解决一件事：生态类说明文怎么读、这类题怎么判。 【学习目标】学完本讲，你能：① 用“功能信号词”给生态类说明文的每个段落贴标签，两遍之内定位任何一道题的依据句；② 用“数值—单位—方向—时间”四步核验数据句，识破时间偏移型干扰项；③ 从末段升华句读出主旨，把“救动物就是救自己”这条因果链装进自己的答题里。 【重点】段落功能标签与数据句四步读法。Only 倒装、分词作状语、强调句三类长难句。【难点】时间偏移型干扰项的识别；末段升华与中段事实的层级区分。 2、 导入：一个介词，两种结果（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 先看课文第 4 段的一句话，凭第一感觉选出它的意思： “The population dropped by more than 50 percent.” A. The number fell to 50 percent.　B. The number fell by over half.　C. The number stands at 50 percent.　D. The number fell by half and then rose again. 阅读铁律：读研究报告类材料，每个数据都读三处——数值、单位、方向。三处都准，才算读懂。 3、 通读与段落功能划分 先通读全文，再对照下表的段落功能划分。这篇文章共7 段，信息密、数据典型、长难句集中，是练“结构定位”的好材料。 The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we are here — to observe Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I am struck by their beauty. I am also reminded of the danger they were in. They were hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We are not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we are trying to save ourselves.” The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was taken off the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. In the evening, we return to camp. I am again struck by the beauty of the plain and deeply impressed by the great efforts made by Zhaxi and other volunteers. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 段落 功能 关键句 信息落点 第 1 段 观察 This is why we are here — to observe Tibetan antelopes. 交代观察对象与地点 第 2–3 段 威胁／态度 They were hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. 猎杀动机：取绒获利 第 4 段 威胁（数据） The population dropped by more than 50 percent. 数值＋方向＋时间 第 5 段 措施 placed it under national protection; watched over… day and night 主体：政府、志愿者 第 6 段 成效＋转折 The measures were effective… taken off the endangered species list. 成效与未消除的威胁 第 7 段 升华 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we… 主题句、作者态度 生态类说明文的段落有一条清晰的逻辑链：先观察、再写威胁、后写措施、最后写成效与升华。把这条链装进脑子，读这类文章就不再有“读完一遍脑子空白”的慌张。 贴标签靠的是功能信号词，不用读完全篇：出现数据、年份、数字、机构名，多半是“威胁／成效”类事实段；出现 should、must、we、呼吁类动词，多半是“升华”类观点段；出现“政府做……、志愿者……”，多半是“措施”段。抓到信号词，一段话扫前两句就能定标签。 直接落到做题上：题目问数据就找第 4 段，问措施就找第 5 段，不必通读第二遍。 4、 四个阅读动作 动作一：段落功能——观察、威胁、措施、成效 具体到这篇文章：第 1 段“观察”（为什么来、看什么）；第 2–3 段“威胁与态度”（被猎杀、护林员的信念）；第 4 段“威胁的数据化”（种群下降五成以上）；第 5 段“措施”（政府立法、志愿者守护、建桥）；第 6 段“成效＋转折”（种群恢复、移出名单，但威胁未消）；第 7 段“升华”（人与自然和谐）。 定位口令只有一句：先定段落，再找句子。题干里的关键词先换成段落号，再到段落里找原句，两步走完，答案句已经在眼前。 动作二：数据句四步读法 数据句是生态类阅读命题的重灾区。四步全走，一步不省： 一看数值：数字是否被偷换（50 percent 换成 15 percent）。 二看单位：percent 与具体数量、thousand 与 million 是否错位。 三看方向：by（差额）还是 to（结果值），increase 还是 decrease。 四看时间：1980s and 1990s、in June 2015、since then 等时间框是否偏移。 干扰项三大类型：数值偷换（50% → 15%）、单位错位（percent → 具体只数）、时间偏移（把“20 世纪八九十年代”说成“近十年”）。排除时优先核对“数值＋单位＋时间”，任一不符直接排除。 最隐蔽的是时间偏移：它既不改数值也不改单位，只把时间轴往前挪一格——把 2015 年的“移出濒危名单”说成“目前仍处于濒危状态”，就是这一手。四步里数值、单位都对得上而答案仍可疑时，先查时间。 多数据联动的文章要边读边在数据旁标年份。举一个 2026 年的真实监测：全国越冬水鸟同步监测记录 632.4 万只，较 2024 年增加 126.5 万只、增长 25%，创历史最高纪录。命题人最爱把“哪年多少只”“增了多少”“趋势是升是降”拆成多道题——年份标在旁边，“哪年多少只”直接对表查，不凭印象。 动作三：长难句拆解 长难句不是用来吓人的，是用来考的。拆解思路只有一个：先找主干，再看修饰。 句一 Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I am struck by their beauty. 拆解：Watching them move… 为现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是主句的 I；主句为 I am struck by their beauty（be struck by 意为“被……打动”）。 考点：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致；若不一致即为垂悬结构，必错。判读时把逻辑主语补回分词前，看与主句主语是否同一人。 句二 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 拆解：Only＋时间状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装，助动词 can 提到主语 we 之前；还原为正常语序即 we can stop being a threat…。 考点：Only 提前引起部分倒装；exist in harmony with nature 为核心词块。边界反例：Only 修饰主语时不倒装——Only he knows the answer，主语位置无此结构。 句三 Bridges and gates were added to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. 拆解：were added 为一般过去时被动；to let… and keep… 为不定式作目的状语；keep… safe from 为固定结构。 考点：let sb do 中 do 为不带 to 的不定式；and 连接两个不定式，第二个 to通常省略。 句四（强调句变式） It was in the 1980s and 1990s that the population dropped most sharply. 拆解：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that 的强调句型，强调时间状语 in the 1980s and 1990s。去掉 It was…that 骨架，还原为 The population dropped most sharply in the 1980s and 1990s，主谓宾一目了然。 考点：强调句的标志是“去掉 It is/was…that 后句子仍完整”——这是它与主语从句最本质的区别。 圈主干三步：第一步圈出谓语动词，这是句子的心脏；第二步找出主语，看谓语是主动还是被动；第三步把剩下的部分按“修饰谁”归类，是定语（修饰名词）还是状语（修饰动词或整句）。考场上看长难句，第一反应不是逐词翻译，是先找动词、划主干。四类结构的考点各只有一个：分词作状语考“逻辑主语一致”，Only 倒装考“助动词提前”，强调句考“删骨架验真身”，被动＋不定式考“to do 表目的、let 后接原形”。 动作四：事实与观点 事实：可验证的数据、时间、机构与行为——dropped by more than 50 percent、in June 2015、was taken off the list、bridges and gates were added。 观点：判断、情感与呼吁——the land is sacred、we are trying to save ourselves、Only when… can we…。 判断技巧：含数字、年份、机构名的多为事实；含 should、must、in my opinion 与评价性形容词的多为观点。问“哪项是事实”找数据句，问“作者态度”找观点句。 判断时只问一句话：这一句能不能用“查证”两个字衡量？能查证的，是事实；只能靠评价的，是观点。边界反例：含有数字的句子未必都是事实——“the best year on record”虽带比较与数据感，落点却是评价，数字在这里只是观点的装饰。 快速判断一组：The population dropped by more than 50 percent（有数字，可查证，事实）；Protecting wildlife is a way of life（含评价，无法查证，观点）；The reserve was set up in 2015（有时间、有机构，事实）；We should protect the species（含 should，观点）。 5、 主旨链：从“救动物”到“救自己” 第 3 段 Zhaxi 说 “We are not trying to save the animals. Actually, we are trying to save ourselves.”，第 7 段作者说 “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”。两句话合起来才是全文的主旨：保护动物是人类的自救。 这条链为什么成立？生态是一张网：藏羚羊的消失会牵动草原、食物链，最终反噬人类自己。作者把道理交给护林员的一句引语，再用末段的倒装句收束——引语给判断，倒装给分量。 主旨题破题三步：① 看开头——观察引入，交代话题；② 看中段——威胁、措施、成效，交代过程；③ 看末段——升华与呼吁，交代目的。答案的落脚点几乎总在末段的升华上。边界反例：纯研究报告类文章若末段只补数据、无呼吁无态度句，主旨退回首段话题句——落点跟着“最后一句在干什么”走，不机械套“末段必是答案”。 四个动作是联动的：先靠段落功能定位（结构），在定位到的段落里用四步读法破数据（数据句），数据句中嵌套长难句时先判结构（拆解），最后回到末段辨明事实与观点、锁定主旨（辨别）。 6、 高频易错速查表（判据自足） 易错点 判定信号 正判 边界反例 by / to 方向 动词 drop/increase＋by 或 to by 接差额（降了多少），to 接终点（降到哪） increase to 30 percent 要求原值低于三成，方向感随动词变 时间偏移 四个选项数值、单位全一致 逐项核对年份与“当时状态” 若数值已错，先排数值，时间核对只在数值单位都对时启用 事实 vs 观点 句中有无可查证的时间/数字/机构 可查证为事实，纯评价为观点 the best year on record 带数字仍是评价 主旨落点 末段有升华句/呼吁句 主旨落在末段升华 纯研究报告末段只补数据，主旨回首段话题句 Only 倒装 句首 Only＋状语（从句/介词短语） 主句助动词提前 Only 修饰主语不倒装：Only he knows 分词状语 句首 doing/done 短语 逻辑主语＝主句主语 主句换主语即垂悬，必错 用速查表的姿势：按“判定信号”一列检索，两秒内拿到判断；每条判据自足，不需要回到前文找定义。 7、 半独立练习：阅读数据自判（共 3 小题） 下面这篇短文来自2026 年的官方监测发布。给定定位线索：数据句集中在第 1–2 句，态度句在末句。先自己判定，再听讲评核对。 The Baer’s pochard, a rare diving duck, is swimming back from the edge of extinction. In the national wintering waterbird survey completed in early 2026, researchers recorded 2,555 of the ducks — double the 2012 number. The bird is now listed among the 19 key protected species whose populations are growing steadily. Nationwide, the same survey counted 6.32 million wintering waterbirds, the highest since the count began. “The recovery is real, but the wetlands they depend on are still shrinking,” said one researcher after the release. 1. The number of Baer’s pochards recorded in 2026 was ______. A. about half of the 2012 number　B. about 2,555　C. about 6.32 million　D. still falling 2. Which reading of the data is correct? A. The ducks increased by 2,555 since 2012.　B. The ducks increased to double the 2012 number.　C. The ducks first fell and then rose after 2012.　D. The 2012 number was about 5,110. 3. Which sentence from the passage is an OPINION? A. Researchers recorded 2,555 of the ducks.　B. The survey counted 6.32 million wintering waterbirds.　C. The recovery is real, but the wetlands are still shrinking.　D. The ducks are listed among 19 key protected species. 8、 题型突破：语篇阅读（共 6 小题） 下面 6 题全部取自课文语篇，按高考阅读设问方式编排。每题先用两个动作定位，再看解析。 1. What does the phrase “dropped by more than 50 percent” mean? A. The number fell to 50 percent.　B. The number fell by over half.　C. The number fell by 15 percent.　D. The number fell to 15 percent. 2. Why were the antelopes hunted? A. For their valuable fur.　B. For their meat.　C. For their horns.　D. For their bones. 3. Which of the following is a FACT? A. Protecting the wildlife is a way of life.　B. We are trying to save ourselves.　C. The land is sacred.　D. In June 2015, the antelope was taken off the endangered species list. 4. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A. To introduce the beauty of the Changtang Plain.　B. To warn travellers not to visit the reserve.　C. To report the protection of Tibetan antelopes and call for harmony with nature.　D. To introduce Zhaxi’s daily work. 5. Which of the following best explains “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife”? A. We should treat animals as our equals.　B. Living in harmony with nature helps protect both wildlife and ourselves.　C. Wildlife will disappear if we keep hunting.　D. Humans should leave nature alone. 6. The sentence “Bridges and gates were added to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains” in Paragraph 5 shows that the measures ______. A. aim to reduce human interference with the antelopes.　B. were taken only to beautify the reserve.　C. failed to work.　D. cost too much money. 9、 分层实战（课堂完成） 基础层：信息定位（非高考题型·仅供诊断，共 5 小题） 说出每道题的定位段与定位句，把依据句指给同桌看。此组为定位操练，不计入答案分布。 1. Where does the writer observe the antelopes? 2. Who is Zhaxi, and what does he do? 3. What did volunteers do to protect the antelopes? 4. When was the antelope taken off the endangered species list? 5. What happened after the measures were taken? 提高层：阅读推断与数据句（共 7 小题） 1. How much did the antelope population drop in the 1980s and 1990s? A. To 50 percent.　B. By more than 50 percent.　C. By more than 15 percent.　D. To 15 percent. 2. Why does the government continue the protection programmes? A. Because the antelopes are still on the list.　B. Because volunteers ask them to.　C. Because the laws require it.　D. Because the threats have not yet disappeared. 3. What can we learn from Zhaxi’s words “We are trying to save ourselves”? A. Humans and wildlife share the same future.　B. Humans are in greater danger than animals.　C. Saving animals is a waste of time.　D. Animals are more important than humans. 4. The word “sacred” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______. A. distant and unknown　B. dangerous and wild　C. precious and respected　D. poor and dry 5. What does “This” refer to in “This is why we are here”? A. The snow-covered mountains.　B. The short hike from camp.　C. The thin air on the plain.　D. Observing the Tibetan antelopes. 6. The word “struck” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. hit hard　B. deeply impressed　C. badly hurt　D. suddenly caught 7. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The population recovered but the threats remain.　B. The antelope was never endangered.　C. The government stopped the programmes in 2015.　D. The antelope was taken off the list in 2020. 挑战层（课后选做）：四词摘要 用“观察—威胁—措施—成效”四词开头，写一段 60 词左右的摘要，写完用数据句四步读法逐个核对摘要里的每一个数据。 作答区： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 自检要点：四个功能词是否全部落到内容上；摘要中每个数据能否在原文找到“数值＋方向＋时间”三处对应。 10、 课堂小结（带走） 下课前默写三件事：数据句四步读法（数值、单位、方向、时间）；两条长难句结构（分词作状语、Only 提前倒装）；事实与观点的区分依据（能否查证）。 自检标准：能不看原文口述完整的因果链——观察藏羚羊 → 因绒毛被猎杀、种群下降五成以上 → 政府列为国家保护、志愿者守护、修建桥梁通道 → 种群恢复并于 2015 年移出濒危名单 → 人与自然和谐共处。 带走一句话：读生态类说明文，结构定段落，数据核四步，主旨看末段升什么。【/Y] 11、 课后巩固（30 分钟独立完成） 阅读理解：Hainan Gibbons Keep Climbing Back（共 4 小题） Last year, three newborn infants were spotted in the rainforests of Hainan, taking the world’s rarest ape — the Hainan gibbon — to 7 groups and 44 individuals. It remains the only gibbon population on Earth that keeps growing. The infants are growing strong in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, where rangers have built 38 rope corridors to link forest patches cut off from each other, restored more than 5,000 mu of habitat and planted over 300,000 native trees the gibbons feed on. “They are still on the edge,” a ranger said. “One bad winter or one broken corridor could undo years of work, so every rope gets checked month after month.” 1. After the three infants were born, the Hainan gibbon population reached ______. A. 3 groups and 19 individuals　B. 38 groups and 300 individuals　C. 7 groups and 30 individuals　D. 7 groups and 44 individuals 2. Why were the rope corridors built? A. To attract more tourists to the park.　B. To link forest patches cut off from each other.　C. To stop the gibbons from leaving the park.　D. To make monthly checks easier for rangers. 3. What can we infer from the ranger’s words? A. The gibbons no longer need human help.　B. The park will remove the corridors soon.　C. The recovery still depends on careful, continuing work.　D. Cold winters have already destroyed the population. 4. Which of the following best describes the passage? A. A report on the steady recovery of the Hainan gibbon.　B. A travel guide to the tropical rainforest.　C. An argument against building corridors.　D. A story about a baby gibbon’s growth. 语法填空：Wintering Waterbirds Hit a Record High（共 10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s latest national survey of wintering waterbirds 1. ______ (record) 6.32 million birds across the country, the highest number since the count 2. ______ (begin). That is an increase of about 25 percent 3. ______ (compare) with the 2024 figure. Behind the rise 4. ______ (be) years of joint work: since September 2025, seventeen government departments 5. ______ (join) hands in a three-year action to protect birds along their flyways. Nineteen key species, 6. ______ (include) the Baer’s pochard, are now growing steadily. “The wetlands 7. ______ (restore) over the past years are paying off,” said one official. Still, experts warn that the task is far from 8. ______ (finish), because habitats outside nature reserves keep 9. ______ (shrink). The numbers will keep 10. ______ (tell) the story, year after year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学科网周周有招 · 新教材同步尖子班讲义　2026 秋 · 人教版必修第二册 · 高一上学期 Unit 2　Wildlife Protection 第 18 讲　语篇精读：A Day in the Clouds（教师版） 目录 一、 课时安排与学习目标 1 二、 导入：一个介词，两种结果（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 2 三、 通读与段落功能划分 2 四、 四个阅读动作 3 动作一：段落功能——观察、威胁、措施、成效 3 动作二：数据句四步读法 4 动作三：长难句拆解 4 动作四：事实与观点 5 五、 主旨链：从“救动物”到“救自己” 6 六、 高频易错速查表（判据自足） 6 七、 半独立练习：阅读数据自判（共 3 小题） 6 八、 题型突破：语篇阅读（共 6 小题） 7 九、 分层实战（课堂完成） 8 基础层：信息定位（非高考题型·仅供诊断，共 5 小题） 9 提高层：阅读推断与数据句（共 7 小题） 9 十、 课堂小结（带走） 11 十一、 课后巩固（30 分钟独立完成） 11 1、 课时安排与学习目标 【课时安排】本讲 2 课时连排，共 120 分钟。语篇为人教版必修二 Unit 2 阅读课文 A Day in the Clouds（藏羚羊保护）。本讲不做逐句翻译，只解决一件事：生态类说明文怎么读、这类题怎么判。 【学习目标】学完本讲，你能：① 用“功能信号词”给生态类说明文的每个段落贴标签，两遍之内定位任何一道题的依据句；② 用“数值—单位—方向—时间”四步核验数据句，识破时间偏移型干扰项；③ 从末段升华句读出主旨，把“救动物就是救自己”这条因果链装进自己的答题里。 【重点】段落功能标签与数据句四步读法。Only 倒装、分词作状语、强调句三类长难句。【难点】时间偏移型干扰项的识别；末段升华与中段事实的层级区分。 2、 导入：一个介词，两种结果（非高考题型·仅供诊断） 先看课文第 4 段的一句话，凭第一感觉选出它的意思： “The population dropped by more than 50 percent.” A. The number fell to 50 percent.　B. The number fell by over half.　C. The number stands at 50 percent.　D. The number fell by half and then rose again. 【答案】B 【解析】by 后接差额，表下降了多少；to 后接结果值，表下降到多少。dropped by 50 percent 意为“减少了五成”，剩五成；dropped to 50 percent 意为“减少到五成”。两者在数学上恰好相同，可换成 dropped by 30 percent 与 dropped to 30 percent，剩余量一个是 70%、一个是 30%，相差一倍多——介词不同，命运不同。边界反例：若动词是 increase，by 30 percent 是“涨了三成”，to 30 percent 则要求原先低于三成，方向感完全两样。 阅读铁律：读研究报告类材料，每个数据都读三处——数值、单位、方向。三处都准，才算读懂。 3、 通读与段落功能划分 先通读全文，再对照下表的段落功能划分。这篇文章共7 段，信息密、数据典型、长难句集中，是练“结构定位”的好材料。 The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we are here — to observe Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I am struck by their beauty. I am also reminded of the danger they were in. They were hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We are not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we are trying to save ourselves.” The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was taken off the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. In the evening, we return to camp. I am again struck by the beauty of the plain and deeply impressed by the great efforts made by Zhaxi and other volunteers. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 段落 功能 关键句 信息落点 第 1 段 观察 This is why we are here — to observe Tibetan antelopes. 交代观察对象与地点 第 2–3 段 威胁／态度 They were hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. 猎杀动机：取绒获利 第 4 段 威胁（数据） The population dropped by more than 50 percent. 数值＋方向＋时间 第 5 段 措施 placed it under national protection; watched over… day and night 主体：政府、志愿者 第 6 段 成效＋转折 The measures were effective… taken off the endangered species list. 成效与未消除的威胁 第 7 段 升华 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we… 主题句、作者态度 生态类说明文的段落有一条清晰的逻辑链：先观察、再写威胁、后写措施、最后写成效与升华。把这条链装进脑子，读这类文章就不再有“读完一遍脑子空白”的慌张。 贴标签靠的是功能信号词，不用读完全篇：出现数据、年份、数字、机构名，多半是“威胁／成效”类事实段；出现 should、must、we、呼吁类动词，多半是“升华”类观点段；出现“政府做……、志愿者……”，多半是“措施”段。抓到信号词，一段话扫前两句就能定标签。 直接落到做题上：题目问数据就找第 4 段，问措施就找第 5 段，不必通读第二遍。 4、 四个阅读动作 动作一：段落功能——观察、威胁、措施、成效 具体到这篇文章：第 1 段“观察”（为什么来、看什么）；第 2–3 段“威胁与态度”（被猎杀、护林员的信念）；第 4 段“威胁的数据化”（种群下降五成以上）；第 5 段“措施”（政府立法、志愿者守护、建桥）；第 6 段“成效＋转折”（种群恢复、移出名单，但威胁未消）；第 7 段“升华”（人与自然和谐）。 定位口令只有一句：先定段落，再找句子。题干里的关键词先换成段落号，再到段落里找原句，两步走完，答案句已经在眼前。 动作二：数据句四步读法 数据句是生态类阅读命题的重灾区。四步全走，一步不省： 一看数值：数字是否被偷换（50 percent 换成 15 percent）。 二看单位：percent 与具体数量、thousand 与 million 是否错位。 三看方向：by（差额）还是 to（结果值），increase 还是 decrease。 四看时间：1980s and 1990s、in June 2015、since then 等时间框是否偏移。 干扰项三大类型：数值偷换（50% → 15%）、单位错位（percent → 具体只数）、时间偏移（把“20 世纪八九十年代”说成“近十年”）。排除时优先核对“数值＋单位＋时间”，任一不符直接排除。 最隐蔽的是时间偏移：它既不改数值也不改单位，只把时间轴往前挪一格——把 2015 年的“移出濒危名单”说成“目前仍处于濒危状态”，就是这一手。四步里数值、单位都对得上而答案仍可疑时，先查时间。 多数据联动的文章要边读边在数据旁标年份。举一个 2026 年的真实监测：全国越冬水鸟同步监测记录 632.4 万只，较 2024 年增加 126.5 万只、增长 25%，创历史最高纪录。命题人最爱把“哪年多少只”“增了多少”“趋势是升是降”拆成多道题——年份标在旁边，“哪年多少只”直接对表查，不凭印象。 动作三：长难句拆解 长难句不是用来吓人的，是用来考的。拆解思路只有一个：先找主干，再看修饰。 句一 Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I am struck by their beauty. 拆解：Watching them move… 为现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是主句的 I；主句为 I am struck by their beauty（be struck by 意为“被……打动”）。 考点：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致；若不一致即为垂悬结构，必错。判读时把逻辑主语补回分词前，看与主句主语是否同一人。 句二 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 拆解：Only＋时间状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装，助动词 can 提到主语 we 之前；还原为正常语序即 we can stop being a threat…。 考点：Only 提前引起部分倒装；exist in harmony with nature 为核心词块。边界反例：Only 修饰主语时不倒装——Only he knows the answer，主语位置无此结构。 句三 Bridges and gates were added to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. 拆解：were added 为一般过去时被动；to let… and keep… 为不定式作目的状语；keep… safe from 为固定结构。 考点：let sb do 中 do 为不带 to 的不定式；and 连接两个不定式，第二个 to通常省略。 句四（强调句变式） It was in the 1980s and 1990s that the population dropped most sharply. 拆解：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that 的强调句型，强调时间状语 in the 1980s and 1990s。去掉 It was…that 骨架，还原为 The population dropped most sharply in the 1980s and 1990s，主谓宾一目了然。 考点：强调句的标志是“去掉 It is/was…that 后句子仍完整”——这是它与主语从句最本质的区别。 圈主干三步：第一步圈出谓语动词，这是句子的心脏；第二步找出主语，看谓语是主动还是被动；第三步把剩下的部分按“修饰谁”归类，是定语（修饰名词）还是状语（修饰动词或整句）。考场上看长难句，第一反应不是逐词翻译，是先找动词、划主干。四类结构的考点各只有一个：分词作状语考“逻辑主语一致”，Only 倒装考“助动词提前”，强调句考“删骨架验真身”，被动＋不定式考“to do 表目的、let 后接原形”。 动作四：事实与观点 事实：可验证的数据、时间、机构与行为——dropped by more than 50 percent、in June 2015、was taken off the list、bridges and gates were added。 观点：判断、情感与呼吁——the land is sacred、we are trying to save ourselves、Only when… can we…。 判断技巧：含数字、年份、机构名的多为事实；含 should、must、in my opinion 与评价性形容词的多为观点。问“哪项是事实”找数据句，问“作者态度”找观点句。 判断时只问一句话：这一句能不能用“查证”两个字衡量？能查证的，是事实；只能靠评价的，是观点。边界反例：含有数字的句子未必都是事实——“the best year on record”虽带比较与数据感，落点却是评价，数字在这里只是观点的装饰。 快速判断一组：The population dropped by more than 50 percent（有数字，可查证，事实）；Protecting wildlife is a way of life（含评价，无法查证，观点）；The reserve was set up in 2015（有时间、有机构，事实）；We should protect the species（含 should，观点）。 5、 主旨链：从“救动物”到“救自己” 第 3 段 Zhaxi 说 “We are not trying to save the animals. Actually, we are trying to save ourselves.”，第 7 段作者说 “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”。两句话合起来才是全文的主旨：保护动物是人类的自救。 这条链为什么成立？生态是一张网：藏羚羊的消失会牵动草原、食物链，最终反噬人类自己。作者把道理交给护林员的一句引语，再用末段的倒装句收束——引语给判断，倒装给分量。 主旨题破题三步：① 看开头——观察引入，交代话题；② 看中段——威胁、措施、成效，交代过程；③ 看末段——升华与呼吁，交代目的。答案的落脚点几乎总在末段的升华上。边界反例：纯研究报告类文章若末段只补数据、无呼吁无态度句，主旨退回首段话题句——落点跟着“最后一句在干什么”走，不机械套“末段必是答案”。 四个动作是联动的：先靠段落功能定位（结构），在定位到的段落里用四步读法破数据（数据句），数据句中嵌套长难句时先判结构（拆解），最后回到末段辨明事实与观点、锁定主旨（辨别）。 6、 高频易错速查表（判据自足） 易错点 判定信号 正判 边界反例 by / to 方向 动词 drop/increase＋by 或 to by 接差额（降了多少），to 接终点（降到哪） increase to 30 percent 要求原值低于三成，方向感随动词变 时间偏移 四个选项数值、单位全一致 逐项核对年份与“当时状态” 若数值已错，先排数值，时间核对只在数值单位都对时启用 事实 vs 观点 句中有无可查证的时间/数字/机构 可查证为事实，纯评价为观点 the best year on record 带数字仍是评价 主旨落点 末段有升华句/呼吁句 主旨落在末段升华 纯研究报告末段只补数据，主旨回首段话题句 Only 倒装 句首 Only＋状语（从句/介词短语） 主句助动词提前 Only 修饰主语不倒装：Only he knows 分词状语 句首 doing/done 短语 逻辑主语＝主句主语 主句换主语即垂悬，必错 用速查表的姿势：按“判定信号”一列检索，两秒内拿到判断；每条判据自足，不需要回到前文找定义。 7、 半独立练习：阅读数据自判（共 3 小题） 下面这篇短文来自2026 年的官方监测发布。给定定位线索：数据句集中在第 1–2 句，态度句在末句。先自己判定，再听讲评核对。 The Baer’s pochard, a rare diving duck, is swimming back from the edge of extinction. In the national wintering waterbird survey completed in early 2026, researchers recorded 2,555 of the ducks — double the 2012 number. The bird is now listed among the 19 key protected species whose populations are growing steadily. Nationwide, the same survey counted 6.32 million wintering waterbirds, the highest since the count began. “The recovery is real, but the wetlands they depend on are still shrinking,” said one researcher after the release. 1. The number of Baer’s pochards recorded in 2026 was ______. A. about half of the 2012 number　B. about 2,555　C. about 6.32 million　D. still falling 2. Which reading of the data is correct? A. The ducks increased by 2,555 since 2012.　B. The ducks increased to double the 2012 number.　C. The ducks first fell and then rose after 2012.　D. The 2012 number was about 5,110. 3. Which sentence from the passage is an OPINION? A. Researchers recorded 2,555 of the ducks.　B. The survey counted 6.32 million wintering waterbirds.　C. The recovery is real, but the wetlands are still shrinking.　D. The ducks are listed among 19 key protected species. 对照判定（先自判，再看此栏） 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C 【解析】第 1 题数值直接对应 recorded 2,555，6.32 million 是水鸟总数，属单位与对象错位，直接排除 A、C、D。第 2 题考方向：2012 年约为一半，2026 年翻番，是“增到两倍”（increased to double），A 把终点值当成增量，D 把倍数方向倒过来。第 3 题引语中 “The recovery is real, but…” 是研究者的评价与担忧，无法查证，是观点；A、B、D 均为监测数据，可查证。边界反例：若第 2 题问的是“比 2012 年多多少”，材料未给 2012 精确值，“多 2,555 只”就既不能证实也不能证伪——材料没给的数，不判。 8、 题型突破：语篇阅读（共 6 小题） 下面 6 题全部取自课文语篇，按高考阅读设问方式编排。每题先用两个动作定位，再看解析。 1. What does the phrase “dropped by more than 50 percent” mean? A. The number fell to 50 percent.　B. The number fell by over half.　C. The number fell by 15 percent.　D. The number fell to 15 percent. 【答案】B 【解析】by 后接差额，意为“下降了超过一半”。A、D 把 by 偷换为 to；C 把 50% 偷换为 15%，数值不符直接排除。 2. Why were the antelopes hunted? A. For their valuable fur.　B. For their meat.　C. For their horns.　D. For their bones. 【答案】A 【解析】原文 hunted… for their valuable fur，因绒毛被猎杀。B、C、D 均为“动物身体部位”义场干扰，文中无据。 3. Which of the following is a FACT? A. Protecting the wildlife is a way of life.　B. We are trying to save ourselves.　C. The land is sacred.　D. In June 2015, the antelope was taken off the endangered species list. 【答案】D 【解析】D 项含具体时间与事件，可查证，是事实；A、B、C 均为观点、引语或评价，无法查证。含 should、评价性形容词的句子直接排除在“事实”门外。 4. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A. To introduce the beauty of the Changtang Plain.　B. To warn travellers not to visit the reserve.　C. To report the protection of Tibetan antelopes and call for harmony with nature.　D. To introduce Zhaxi’s daily work. 【答案】C 【解析】全文由观察引入，写威胁、措施、成效，末段升华到“与自然和谐共处”，写作目的为报道保护成效并发出呼吁。A 项只覆盖首尾的风景描写，以偏概全；B 项与原文态度相反；D 项只覆盖第 3 段。 5. Which of the following best explains “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife”? A. We should treat animals as our equals.　B. Living in harmony with nature helps protect both wildlife and ourselves.　C. Wildlife will disappear if we keep hunting.　D. Humans should leave nature alone. 【答案】B 【解析】Only＋状语从句提前构成部分倒装，句意为“只有学会与自然和谐共处，我们才能不再威胁野生动植物、不再威胁地球”，B 项点明人与自然的共生关系。A 项过度拔高“平等”；C 项偷换为“继续猎杀就会灭绝”，条件夸大；D 项 “leave…alone” 与“和谐共处”的积极介入义冲突。 6. The sentence “Bridges and gates were added to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains” in Paragraph 5 shows that the measures ______. A. aim to reduce human interference with the antelopes.　B. were taken only to beautify the reserve.　C. failed to work.　D. cost too much money. 【答案】A 【解析】建桥修路让藏羚羊安全通行，落点是“减少人类活动对它们的干扰”。B、C 与第 6 段“措施有效”矛盾；D 无中生有，金额信息全篇无一处。 9、 分层实战（课堂完成） 基础层：信息定位（非高考题型·仅供诊断，共 5 小题） 说出每道题的定位段与定位句，把依据句指给同桌看。此组为定位操练，不计入答案分布。 1. Where does the writer observe the antelopes? 2. Who is Zhaxi, and what does he do? 3. What did volunteers do to protect the antelopes? 4. When was the antelope taken off the endangered species list? 5. What happened after the measures were taken? 【答案】1. On the plain (the Changtang Plain / the plains of Xizang).　2. He is a villager from Changtang and works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve.　3. They watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks.　4. In June 2015.　5. The population recovered. 【解析】第 1 题对应首段 On the plain in front of us；第 2 题对应第 3 段 My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang；第 3 题对应第 5 段 watched over… day and night；第 4 题对应第 6 段 in June 2015；第 5 题对应第 6 段 The antelope population has recovered。基础层巩固“题干关键词 → 原文定位句”的一一对应，要求答题时把定位句抄在答案旁。 提高层：阅读推断与数据句（共 7 小题） 1. How much did the antelope population drop in the 1980s and 1990s? A. To 50 percent.　B. By more than 50 percent.　C. By more than 15 percent.　D. To 15 percent. 【答案】B 【解析】原文 dropped by more than 50 percent，by 后接差额。A、D 偷换为 to；C 偷换数值，单位一致而数字不符，直接排除。 2. Why does the government continue the protection programmes? A. Because the antelopes are still on the list.　B. Because volunteers ask them to.　C. Because the laws require it.　D. Because the threats have not yet disappeared. 【答案】D 【解析】since 从句给出原因——威胁尚未消失。A 项与 taken off the list 矛盾，必错；B、C 无中生有。 3. What can we learn from Zhaxi’s words “We are trying to save ourselves”? A. Humans and wildlife share the same future.　B. Humans are in greater danger than animals.　C. Saving animals is a waste of time.　D. Animals are more important than humans. 【答案】A 【解析】Zhaxi 的话把“救动物”等同于“救人类自己”，人与自然命运相连。B 项“更危险”属比较无据；C 与全文态度相反；D 属价值排序，文中未立。 4. The word “sacred” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______. A. distant and unknown　B. dangerous and wild　C. precious and respected　D. poor and dry 【答案】C 【解析】sacred 与“保护是生活方式”呼应，意为“神圣的、珍贵的”。A、B、D 均属“负面自然环境”义场，与敬重态度冲突，直接排除。 5. What does “This” refer to in “This is why we are here”? A. The snow-covered mountains.　B. The short hike from camp.　C. The thin air on the plain.　D. Observing the Tibetan antelopes. 【答案】D 【解析】This 指代上一句提到的观察藏羚羊这件事，指代还原须回读前文。A、B、C 均为首段陪衬信息，非 “why we are here” 之因。 6. The word “struck” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. hit hard　B. deeply impressed　C. badly hurt　D. suddenly caught 【答案】B 【解析】I am struck by their beauty 中 struck 意为“被打动、留下深刻印象”。A、C 为 strike 的本义“打击”，与 by their beauty 不搭；D 属“捕捉”义，无据。 7. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The population recovered but the threats remain.　B. The antelope was never endangered.　C. The government stopped the programmes in 2015.　D. The antelope was taken off the list in 2020. 【答案】A 【解析】第 6 段表明种群恢复但威胁未消。B、C 与原文相反；D 项时间偏移，名单移除发生在 2015 年——数值单位全对而年份错一格，正是四步读法的第四步要拦的题。 挑战层（课后选做）：四词摘要 用“观察—威胁—措施—成效”四词开头，写一段 60 词左右的摘要，写完用数据句四步读法逐个核对摘要里的每一个数据。 作答区： 示范摘要（先自己写完再看） We observed Tibetan antelopes on the Changtang Plain. Their population dropped by more than 50 percent because they were hunted illegally for their valuable fur. The government placed the species under national protection and volunteers watched over it day and night. Thanks to these measures, the population has recovered. 自检要点：四个功能词是否全部落到内容上；摘要中每个数据能否在原文找到“数值＋方向＋时间”三处对应。 10、 课堂小结（带走） 下课前默写三件事：数据句四步读法（数值、单位、方向、时间）；两条长难句结构（分词作状语、Only 提前倒装）；事实与观点的区分依据（能否查证）。 自检标准：能不看原文口述完整的因果链——观察藏羚羊 → 因绒毛被猎杀、种群下降五成以上 → 政府列为国家保护、志愿者守护、修建桥梁通道 → 种群恢复并于 2015 年移出濒危名单 → 人与自然和谐共处。 带走一句话：读生态类说明文，结构定段落，数据核四步，主旨看末段升什么。 11、 课后巩固（30 分钟独立完成） 阅读理解：Hainan Gibbons Keep Climbing Back（共 4 小题） Last year, three newborn infants were spotted in the rainforests of Hainan, taking the world’s rarest ape — the Hainan gibbon — to 7 groups and 44 individuals. It remains the only gibbon population on Earth that keeps growing. The infants are growing strong in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, where rangers have built 38 rope corridors to link forest patches cut off from each other, restored more than 5,000 mu of habitat and planted over 300,000 native trees the gibbons feed on. “They are still on the edge,” a ranger said. “One bad winter or one broken corridor could undo years of work, so every rope gets checked month after month.” 1. After the three infants were born, the Hainan gibbon population reached ______. A. 3 groups and 19 individuals　B. 38 groups and 300 individuals　C. 7 groups and 30 individuals　D. 7 groups and 44 individuals 【答案】D 【解析】数值与单位双核对：7 groups and 44 individuals 原文直接给出。A 偷换为新生儿数与保护鸟类种数；B 挪用廊道数与树种数拼凑；C 数值减半，单位错位，直接排除。 2. Why were the rope corridors built? A. To attract more tourists to the park.　B. To link forest patches cut off from each other.　C. To stop the gibbons from leaving the park.　D. To make monthly checks easier for rangers. 【答案】B 【解析】to link forest patches cut off from each other 为目的状语原文复现。A 无中生有；C 曲解为“圈禁”；D 把巡护动作与建廊道的目的混为一谈。 3. What can we infer from the ranger’s words? A. The gibbons no longer need human help.　B. The park will remove the corridors soon.　C. The recovery still depends on careful, continuing work.　D. Cold winters have already destroyed the population. 【答案】C 【解析】“still on the edge”“every rope gets checked month after month”表明恢复成果离不开持续管护，推断有据。A 与 ranger 的担忧相反；B 无据；D 把假设性风险当成了既成事实，条件夸大。 4. Which of the following best describes the passage? A. A report on the steady recovery of the Hainan gibbon.　B. A travel guide to the tropical rainforest.　C. An argument against building corridors.　D. A story about a baby gibbon’s growth. 【答案】A 【解析】全文围绕“种群回升＋管护措施＋仍在边缘”展开，属监测报道。B、D 无中生有；C 与原文态度相反，直接排除。 语法填空：Wintering Waterbirds Hit a Record High（共 10 空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s latest national survey of wintering waterbirds 1. ______ (record) 6.32 million birds across the country, the highest number since the count 2. ______ (begin). That is an increase of about 25 percent 3. ______ (compare) with the 2024 figure. Behind the rise 4. ______ (be) years of joint work: since September 2025, seventeen government departments 5. ______ (join) hands in a three-year action to protect birds along their flyways. Nineteen key species, 6. ______ (include) the Baer’s pochard, are now growing steadily. “The wetlands 7. ______ (restore) over the past years are paying off,” said one official. Still, experts warn that the task is far from 8. ______ (finish), because habitats outside nature reserves keep 9. ______ (shrink). The numbers will keep 10. ______ (tell) the story, year after year. 【答案】1. recorded　2. began　3. compared　4. is　5. have joined　6. including　7. restored　8. finished　9. shrinking　10. telling 【解析】逐空：1. latest survey 与 recorded 主动过去。2. since the count began，从句过去时。3. compared with…固定过去分词。4. behind the rise 倒装后主语为 years of joint work，谓语 is。5. since September 2025 与现在完成时 have joined 搭配。6. including 介词“包括”。7. wetlands 与 restore 为被动完成，the wetlands restored 过去分词作后置定语。8. far from finished，“远未完成”。9. keep doing，shrink 用 -ing。10. keep doing 同理。边界反例：第 4 空若把主语误读为 the rise（单数），会误填 is 之外的形——倒装句先还原语序再定主谓，是此类题的第一动作。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $