考前押题06 作文、 概要写作、翻译（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题06 作文、 概要写作题、翻译 话题1 社会发展 话题2 学习生活（常考点） 话题3 人与社会（常考点） 话题4 运动与健康 话题5 科技与生活（难点） 话题6 个人成长（难点） 先读懂原文，找出主旨与各段要点；删掉细节、例子、重复内容；用自己的话转述，保持逻辑连贯，控 制词数，不加入个人观点。 话题1 社会发展（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·期中） British are having less children With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. Why aren’t British people having as many children as they used to? Well, there are many reasons. One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they often go to university after high school after years of study at university, they then need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want. So it’s not until they are about 30 years old that they can start to think about settling down and having children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Usually both parents need to work to pay for their home and living expenses. They need to pay someone to look after their child during the day, which is expensive. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. For example, when times are tough and there is an economic downturn, it becomes difficult to find a job or keep the existing one. This kind of uncertainty discourages people from having larger families. So what is Britain doing to try and save British families? First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 1．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）中国在过去几十年间取得了巨大的经济成就，这是公认的事实。 (acknowledge) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）不可否认的是如果行动快一点，我们是能救出这些渔民的。 (deny) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）这些新出台的举措旨在恢复民众对保险业的信心。 (restore) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）考虑到我的爱好，最后我还是决定放弃物理。(take) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）假定你是李华，你校英语报拟增设一个栏目。外教Brown给出“Historical Figures of Great Achievements”和“Embracing the Development of New Technologies”两个栏目选项供大家选择。请给Brown写一封邮件，内容包括： (1)你的选择; (2)说明理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Brown, I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 话题2 学习生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海闵行中学·期中） According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit? First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.(280 words) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 5．（24-25高二下·上海青浦·期中）社区下周将安排一场慈善演出，呼吁居民们主动帮助身边的弱势群体。(call) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期中）随着肥胖率逐年攀升，我们应该重视体重管理，科学甩肉。（As）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）重要的是要保护我们的文化遗产，以便后代能够欣赏和传承。(preserve) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 8．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）依我看来，争论上海房价是否会持续攀升，这是一件毫无意义的事情。(point) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）假定你是李华，你的外国好友David最近选修了中文课程，他来信向你咨询学好中文的方法。请你写一封回信，内容包括：1. 提出建议；2. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear David, Hope this email finds you well. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 话题3 人与社会（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中） “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 9．（24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期中）她太专心看小说了，以至于没有意识到是时候去幼儿园接女儿了。(absorb) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 10．（24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期中）先进的人工智能工具让我们公司在市场分析上比竞争对手更有优势。(advantage) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 11．（23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的家庭背景。(judge)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．（23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）在毕业仪式上，她向帮助过她的人表达了感激之情。(gratitude) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰普通高中区县联合体·期中）你校正在展开“学生是否应该使用AI辅助学习”的讨论。请你写一篇发言稿 , 在年级交流会上分享。 内容包括： 1.表达看法； 2.说明理由。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80词左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear teachers and my fellow students, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题4 运动与健康（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中） Modern Life Turns America into the Land of Sleepiness Most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to.” says Dr. David F. Dinges, a biological psychologist. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists found the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. But the invention of the light bulb changed everything. By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least needed item on their agenda. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.” said Dr. Cavey, the director of a medical center. Also to blame is the increased shift work, in which people either work at night, or alternate between a day and night schedule. Researchers say that the brain has difficulty adjusting to daytime sleep or varying sleep times, which means that shift workers usually suffer a net loss of sleep. To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 13．（23-24高二下·上海·期中）我从未想过他以惊人的速度完成了急救。(occur) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________ 14．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）传统的课堂教学能否完全被网络教学所取代，还有待观察。(It)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 15．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）你今天下午方便抽空来跟我见个面吗？（convenient）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 16．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）让我惊讶的是，这位老人尽管生活条件一般，却已经给慈善组织捐了很多钱并且定期去参加志愿者活动。（despite）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北黄冈中学·期中）假设你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你的笔友艾米（Amy）给你寄来一封信，说她因发胖而感到非常苦恼。请你根据下列要点给她写一封建议信。内容包括： ①注意饮食合理，营养均衡； ②经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足； ③调整心态。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Amy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 话题5 科技与生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中） Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 17．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）失败很有可能是因为过于安于现状，因此对于毕业生而言，遵守规则和勇于创新一样重要。（Chance）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）焦虑影响了这位建筑师的工作，所以他决定找途径来减轻压力。（relieve）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 19．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）她在面试前总是感觉很紧张。（butterflies）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 20．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）假装完美是没用的因为你的错误最终会促使你反思自己，成为更好的人。(use; prompt) (汉译英) __________________________________________________ Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北随州高中教联体·期中）假定你是李华，你班最近就“Electronic dictionary pens VS Traditional paper dictionaries”展开了热烈讨论，同学们观点不一。请你写一篇发言稿，在英语课上发言，内容包括： 1.你的选择及理由； 2.发出倡议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题6 个人成长（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中） People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that some portion of their self-esteem (自尊心) comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, and the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. Despite the most common associations with the term peer, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends do extremely well in academics may be obliged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence may even get a friend off drugs, or help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups, class projects, and even book clubs are examples of positive peer groups, that encourage people to better themselves. However, for certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction. In order to fit in, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Groups of children may join in bullying (欺凌) newcomers in school. Teens and young adults may feel obliged to use drugs or alcohol, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to resist the temptation to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to keep up with the Joneses. There is no question that some people are more easily affected by peer pressure than others. Being self-aware is at the root of managing this type of pressure. “Going with the flow,” is not always a bad thing, but as each individual is still responsible for the consequences, it is important to be a thinking participant in the decision. Passage 2 21．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）格林一家正安排摄影师给他们拍照，这时天突然黑了下来。(arrange) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 22．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）她搞不清那个为她唱歌的陌生人是好人还是坏人。(confused; who) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 23．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）这位专家的建议在会上遭到大多数人的质疑。(greet) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 24．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）约翰整个周末都在图书馆里埋头写毕业论文。(bury) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰八校教联体学校·期中）假定你是李华，是学校高二年级学生会主席。最近，高二年级正在开展争创“书香寝室”的活动，请你写一封倡议书刊登在学校英文报上，内容包括： 1. 活动的目的； 2. 具体的做法。 参考词汇：书香寝室scholarly dormitory 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 文章介绍说专利在三个方面对创新造成了损害。首先，如果没有专利，思想就能自由传播，但专利的存在却极大地阻碍了创新。其次，专利被视为一种武器。海底专利使专利所有者能够从开发者的成果中获利，而大公司青睐的交叉许可专利通常会阻碍新进入者的进入。最后，专利损害了经济，因为专利流氓会购买具有战略意义的专利，并以合法的方式向创新者收取专利使用费。 【25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中】 What Role Do Patents Play? Patents have been with us since the 17th century. In exchange for disclosing one’s invention, the state grants a limited, legal monopoly over exploitation. In theory, the system encourages more innovation, for the good of society. Recently, however, voices of dissent have been rising. Legal costs are high. Specialists game the system to their advantage. Life-saving innovations are priced beyond the means of the poor. On July 26, at the Euroscience Open Forum, economist David Levine argued that patents were discouraging innovation. “When Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started developing the first Apple computers in a garage, they did not worry much about patents. They shared and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. They had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. If they had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, we would have no email and no smartphones,” he said. We can learn from David’s ideas that innovation thrives when patents are not in the way. Actually, the most important software innovations in the US occurred before the US began allowing software patenting. More recently, the pace of innovation has dramatically slowed. Today, patents are often used as weapons. In the 1950s, an American inventor filed so-called “submarine patents” to claim an early form of machine vision technology. When others, decades later, developed the barcode and other machine readers, he sued to protect his previously unnoticed patents and collected more than $1 billion — even though the real development work had been done by others. In addition, big companies today routinely cross-license patents to avoid blocking one another — but in the process, they also block new entrants that could disrupt the market, improve services and lower costs. That hurts consumers and inventors. In fact, patents actually harm the economy. In the US, the cost of patent trolls — firms that acquire strategic patents and use legal threats to extract steep royalties from real innovators — now amounts to 12 per cent of business R&D spending. It is, in essence, a new tax on innovation. One study of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the world’s first technology fair in London, found that only 10 per cent of the innovations on display had been patented. As you can see, society can be more innovative without patents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题06 作文、 概要写作题、翻译 话题1 社会发展 话题2 学习生活（常考点） 话题3 人与社会（常考点） 话题4 运动与健康 话题5 科技与生活（难点） 话题6 个人成长（难点） 先读懂原文，找出主旨与各段要点；删掉细节、例子、重复内容；用自己的话转述，保持逻辑连贯，控 制词数，不加入个人观点。 话题1 社会发展（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·期中） British are having less children With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. Why aren’t British people having as many children as they used to? Well, there are many reasons. One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they often go to university after high school after years of study at university, they then need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want. So it’s not until they are about 30 years old that they can start to think about settling down and having children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Usually both parents need to work to pay for their home and living expenses. They need to pay someone to look after their child during the day, which is expensive. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. For example, when times are tough and there is an economic downturn, it becomes difficult to find a job or keep the existing one. This kind of uncertainty discourages people from having larger families. So what is Britain doing to try and save British families? First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】British people are having fewer children than before. The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline. The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国人的生育数量比以往减少了。推迟生育年龄、养育孩子的高昂费用以及不稳定的经济形势都导致了人口下降。政府采取了诸如增加对儿童的补贴以及减少父母工作时间等措施，以鼓励人们多生育孩子。 【解析】 1.要点摘录 ①With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. ②One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. ③First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3两个要点进行分论。 3.遣词造句 British people are having fewer children than before. The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline. The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline.(运用动名词作宾语对第二段、第三段和第四段进行总结。) [高分句型2] The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children.(用动名词作宾语、动词不定式短语作目的状语、动词不定式短语作宾语补足语，对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。) Passage 2 1．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）中国在过去几十年间取得了巨大的经济成就，这是公认的事实。 (acknowledge) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is an acknowledged fact that China has made tremendous economic achievements over the past few decades. 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“……是公认的事实”句型为It is an acknowledged fact，后跟同位语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that引导；从句主语为China；表示“取得了巨大的经济成就”短语为make tremendous economic achievements；表示“在过去几十年间”为over the past few decades，表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作用现在完成时。故翻译为It is an acknowledged fact that China has made tremendous economic achievements over the past few decades. 2．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）不可否认的是如果行动快一点，我们是能救出这些渔民的。 (deny) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It cannot be denied that if we had acted faster, we could have saved these fishermen. 【详解】考查固定句型、虚拟语气和条件状语从句。表示“不可否认的是”用固定句型It cannot be denied that...，其中it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句；表示“如果行动快一点”用条件状语从句if we had acted faster，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用过去完成时；表示“我们能救出这些渔民”用we could have saved these fishermen，主句用could have done结构表示“本能够做某事而未做”；表示“渔民”用fishermen。故翻译为It cannot be denied that if we had acted faster, we could have saved these fishermen. 3．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）这些新出台的举措旨在恢复民众对保险业的信心。 (restore) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These newly introduced measures aim to restore the public’s confidence in the insurance industry. 【详解】考查动词和固定搭配。“这些新出台的举措”翻译为these newly introduced measures，名词短语作主语；“旨在”用固定搭配aim to do表示，主语是复数形式，谓语动词aim用复数形式；“恢复”用动词restore表示；“民众对保险业的信心”翻译为the public’s confidence in the insurance industry。故整句翻译为These newly introduced measures aim to restore public confidence in the insurance industry. 4．（24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）考虑到我的爱好，最后我还是决定放弃物理。(take) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Taking/Having taken my hobby into consideration/account, I finally decided to give up physics. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。表示“考虑到”应用take…into consideration/account，表示“我的爱好”应用my hobby；表示“我”应用I，作主语；表示“最终”应用副词finally；表示“决定做某事”应用decide to do，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；表示“放弃”应用give up，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“物理”应用physics；I和take…into consideration/account为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语，或者理解为take…into consideration/account发生在decide之前，使用现在分词的完成式。故翻译成：Taking/Having taken my hobby into consideration/account, I finally decided to give up physics. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）假定你是李华，你校英语报拟增设一个栏目。外教Brown给出“Historical Figures of Great Achievements”和“Embracing the Development of New Technologies”两个栏目选项供大家选择。请给Brown写一封邮件，内容包括： (1)你的选择; (2)说明理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Brown, I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Version 1(选择 “Historical Figures of Great Achievements”) Dear Brown, I truly appreciate the proposal to introduce a new column in our English newspaper. After careful consideration, I strongly support “Historical Figures of Great Achievements” over the technology-focused alternative. History is filled with extraordinary individuals whose contributions shaped our world. Figures like Marie Curie, who revolutionized science with her work on radioactivity, and Tu Youyou, whose discovery of artemisinin saved countless lives, demonstrate how dedication and intelligence drive progress. Their stories are not just about the past—they teach timeless lessons in perseverance, creativity, and ethical responsibility. I believe this column would engage students by blending education with inspiration, fostering a deeper appreciation for the people who changed the course of humanity. Yours, Li Hua Version 2 (选择 “Embracing the Development of New Technologies”) Dear Brown, I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. Between the two options, I strongly support “Embracing the Development of New Technologies”. Technology is transforming our world at an unprecedented pace. Innovations like AI, renewable energy, and space exploration redefine how we live and work. This column could highlight breakthroughs—such as AI-assisted healthcare or sustainable energy solutions—helping students grasp their impact. It would not only satisfy our curiosity about the future but also inspire careers in STEM fields. While historical figures are inspiring, understanding cutting-edge technologies prepares us for tomorrow’s challenges. I believe this topic will resonate with tech-savvy peers. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校英语报拟增设一个新栏目，外教Brown给出“Historical Figures of Great Achievements(杰出的历史人物)”和“Embracing the Development of New Technologies(拥抱新技术的发展)”两个栏目，要求考生写一封邮件对引入新专栏提议，表明自己支持的观点并阐述理由。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 仔细的：careful→meticulous 支持：support→be in favor of 非凡的：extraordinary→remarkable 塑造：shaped→modeled 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I truly appreciate the proposal to introduce a new column in our English newspaper. 拓展句：I truly appreciate the proposal which is to introduce a new column in our English newspaper. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】History is filled with extraordinary individuals whose contributions shaped our world. （运用了whose引导定语从句） 【高分句型2】Figures like Marie Curie, who revolutionized science with her work on radioactivity, and Tu Youyou, whose discovery of artemisinin saved countless lives, demonstrate how dedication and intelligence drive progress.（运用了who引导非限制性定语从句以及whose引导非限制性定语从句） 话题2 学习生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海闵行中学·期中） According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit? First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.(280 words) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Conflict can lead to violence, so students should be taught how to handle it./ Conflict is inevitable and minor insults may cause it./ Staying calm, avoiding aggressive words is the priority./ To promote mutual understanding, they should listen to each other and ask question./ Finally, thinking about what they are hearing can help minimize misunderstanding. 【解析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括冲突可能导致暴力，所以学生应该学会如何处理冲突。冲突是不可避免的，轻微的侮辱可能导致冲突，所以保持冷静，避免攻击性语言是优先考虑的。为了增进相互理解，他们应该互相倾听并提出问题，想想他们听到了什么，可以帮助减少误解。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【解析】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 Passage 2 5．（24-25高二下·上海青浦·期中）社区下周将安排一场慈善演出，呼吁居民们主动帮助身边的弱势群体。(call) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The community will arrange a charity show next week, calling on residents to take the initiative to help the vulnerable groups around them. 【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词和时态。“社区”翻译为The community，在句中作主语；“安排一场慈善演出”翻译为arrange a charity show；“下周”翻译为next week；“呼吁某人做某事”用短语call on sb. to do sth.，在句中作伴随状语，所以用现在分词形式；“主动去做事”用短语take the initiative to do sth.；“帮助身边的弱势群体”翻译为help the vulnerable groups around them。根据句中时间状语next week可知，用一般将来时。故翻译为The community will arrange a charity show next week, calling on residents to take the initiative to help the vulnerable groups around them. 6．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期中）随着肥胖率逐年攀升，我们应该重视体重管理，科学甩肉。（As）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the obesity rate rises year by year, we should pay attention to weight management and lose weight (burn fat/shed pounds) in a scientific way. 【详解】考查短语和状语从句。表示“随着”用as引导时间状语从句，表示“肥胖率”短语为the obesity rate；表示“攀升”用动词rise，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“逐年”为year by year；主句主语为we；表示“重视”短语为pay attention to，且should 后跟动词原形；表示“体重管理”用weight management；and连接并列谓语，表示“科学甩肉”可翻译为lose weight或burn fat或shed pounds in a scientific way。故翻译为As the obesity rate rises year by year, we should pay attention to weight management and lose weight (burn fat/shed pounds) in a scientific way. 7．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）重要的是要保护我们的文化遗产，以便后代能够欣赏和传承。(preserve) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is important to preserve our cultural heritage so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词及短语。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。“做某事是重要的”常用固定句型“It is important to do sth.”，这里“做某事”即“保护我们的文化遗产”，“保护”用动词preserve，“我们的文化遗产”是our cultural heritage，所以“保护我们的文化遗产”翻译为“preserve our cultural heritage”；“以便”常用so that来引导目的状语从句；“后代”常见表达为future generations；“欣赏”用动词appreciate；“传承”常见短语为pass on，这里it指代our cultural heritage，所以“以便后代能够欣赏和传承”翻译为“so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on”。故翻译为It is important to preserve our cultural heritage so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on.。 8．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）依我看来，争论上海房价是否会持续攀升，这是一件毫无意义的事情。(point) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective, there is no point in arguing whether the housing prices in Shanghai will be steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually rising. 【详解】考查短语、句型和宾语从句。表示“依我看来”可用短语In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective，引出个人观点；根据所给提示词point，表示“做某事毫无意义”应用固定句型there is no point in doing sth. ；表示“争论”应用argue的动名词形式arguing，作介词in的宾语；“上海房价是否会持续攀升”为argue的宾语，应用whether引导宾语从句，其中“上海房价”应用短语housing prices in Shanghai，“攀升”应用动词rise，根据句意描述将来持续进行的动作，应用将来进行时will be rising，表示“持续”可用steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually等副词作状语，修饰rising。故翻译为In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective, there is no point in arguing whether the housing prices in Shanghai will be steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually rising. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟·期中）假定你是李华，你的外国好友David最近选修了中文课程，他来信向你咨询学好中文的方法。请你写一封回信，内容包括：1. 提出建议；2. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear David, Hope this email finds you well. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】 Dear David, Hope this email finds you well. Glad to hear that you have signed up for Chinese courses, I’d like to offer you some handy suggestions. Initially, start with the basics like Pinyin, which will build up your confidence and provide a foundation for further learning. Plus, it’s highly recommended to immerse yourself in a Chinese learning atmosphere which involves watching Chinese movies, enjoying Chinese songs etc. Most importantly, engaging in daily conversations with your Chinese friends helps you a lot to speak in a natural and down-to-earth way. I hope that you’ll find my advice informative. Wish you a pleasant journey in learning Chinese. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给外国好友David回信，针对其咨询的学好中文方法给出建议并表达祝愿。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 登记，注册：sign up→ register 建立：build up → establish 基础：foundation → basis 参与：engage in → participate in 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：Glad to hear that you have signed up for Chinese courses, I’d like to offer you some handy suggestions. 拓展句：Hearing that you have signed up for Chinese courses, I feel glad and I’d like to offer you some handy suggestions. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Initially, start with the basics like Pinyin, which will build up your confidence and provide a foundation for further learning.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Plus, it’s highly recommended to immerse yourself in a Chinese learning atmosphere which involves watching Chinese movies, enjoying Chinese songs etc.（运用了which引导的限制性定语从句） 话题3 人与社会（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中） “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gossip is very common and it has three effects. Gossipers hurt people by exposing shameful secrets or lies about the victim. Gossip also gives gossipers satisfaction for gossip makes them feel superior and part of the group. Social pressures resulted from gossip make people watch their behavior and conform to the group. People should consider the effects before gossiping. 【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了说闲话的消极影响。 【解析】第一步：阅读 1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。 第二步：写作步骤 1.浏览课文，找出主题：介绍了说闲话的消极影响。 2.分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为一部分：Gossip is very common and it has three effects 3.写下每个主要思想的支持点，不涉及细节。支持点：1.Gossipers hurt people by exposing shameful secrets or lies about the victim.2. Gossip also gives gossipers satisfaction for gossip makes them feel superior and part of the group. 3.Social pressures resulted from gossip make people watch their behavior and conform to the group. 4.按照逻辑顺序组织主要和相关的支持点， 使用最短的连接词进行连接。如：and，or，before 第三步：修改成文 草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。 首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。 其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。 最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。 Passage 2 9．（24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期中）她太专心看小说了，以至于没有意识到是时候去幼儿园接女儿了。(absorb) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】She was so absorbed in reading the novel that she didn’t realize it was time to pick up her daughter from kindergarten. 【详解】考查时态，固定搭配和状语从句。根据所给中文句子，本句可用so...that引导的结果状语从句，“太专心”根据题干要求，用固定搭配：be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于”，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“看小说”位于介词后，用动名词形式，译为reading the novel，“没有意识到”为状语从句，译为she didn’t realize，“是时候去幼儿园接女儿了”为省略that的宾语从句，“是时候”用固定搭配：it was time to do sth.，“接女儿”用固定短语：pick up。故译为：She was so absorbed in reading the novel that she didn’t realize it was time to pick up her daughter from kindergarten. 10．（24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期中）先进的人工智能工具让我们公司在市场分析上比竞争对手更有优势。(advantage) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Advanced AI tools give our company an advantage over our competitors in market analysis. 【详解】考查名词、固定搭配和时态。表示“先进的”用advanced，作定语修饰“人工智能工具”。表示“人工智能工具”用AI tools，作句子主语。表示“比……有优势”用give...an advantage over，这里描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时，主语tools是复数，所以give用原形。表示“我们公司”用our company，作give的间接宾语。“our competitors”表示“竞争对手”。表示“在市场分析上”用in market analysis，作状语。故翻译为Advanced AI tools give our company an advantage over our competitors in market analysis. 11．（23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的家庭背景。(judge)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When judging from his performance, don’t take his family background into account. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略，祈使句和动词短语。根据所给中文提示词，本句可用when引导的时间状语从句，其中“不必考虑他的家庭背景”为主句，根据句意，句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，带有命令语气，用祈使句句型，根据“不必”可知，用祈使句的否定形式，“考虑”作谓语，用动词短语：take sth. into account意为“考虑到某事”，“他的家庭背景”作宾语，译为“his family background”，即主句为：don’t take his family background into account；“评定他的表现时”为when引导的时间状语从句，“评定”可用动词短语judge from，“他的表现”作宾语，译为“his performance”，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，从句主语和谓语可省略。故译为：When judging from his performance, don’t take his family background into account. 12．（23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）在毕业仪式上，她向帮助过她的人表达了感激之情。(gratitude) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At the graduation ceremony, she expressed her gratitude to those who had helped her. 【详解】考查介词，名词，一般过去时，过去完成时，定语从句。“毕业”为graduation；“仪式”为ceremony；“在毕业仪式上”用介词at；所以状语部分为“at the graduation ceremony”。“表达”为express；动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。“感激”为gratitude，“向……表达感激”用介词to；根据汉语意思可知，“帮助她的人”为定语，所以为那些帮助过她的人；“those”为那些；定语从句中先行词为人，且在从句中作主语，所以用who；“帮助”动作发生在“表达”之前，所以用过去完成时。所以后半句翻译为she expressed her gratitude to those who had helped her。故答案为At the graduation ceremony, she expressed her gratitude to those who had helped her. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰普通高中区县联合体·期中）你校正在展开“学生是否应该使用AI辅助学习”的讨论。请你写一篇发言稿 , 在年级交流会上分享。 内容包括： 1.表达看法； 2.说明理由。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80词左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear teachers and my fellow students, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear teachers and my fellow students, I think that students should use AI for learning but avoid over-reliance. AI serves as a powerful helper indeed. It can quickly sort out learning materials and explain difficult concepts, just like a personalized tutor, which boosts our study efficiency significantly. However, we must stay alert to its drawbacks. Studies show over-reliance on AI reduces brain activity and weakens critical thinking. Many students even directly ask for answers, harming their independent learning ability. In short, treat AI as a tool, not a replacement. Use it wisely to enhance learning, and we’ll benefit most. Thank you! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“学生是否应该使用AI辅助学习”写一篇发言稿，在年级交流会上分享。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 个性化的：personalized→individualized 促进：boost→promote 缺点：drawback→shortcoming/disadvantage 危害：harm→do harm to/be harmful to 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：Many students even directly ask for answers, harming their independent learning ability. 拓展句：Many students even directly ask for answers, which does harm to their independent learning ability. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】 I think that students should use AI for learning but avoid over-reliance. （运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】 It can quickly sort out learning materials and explain difficult concepts, just like a personalized tutor, which boosts our study efficiency significantly.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型3】 Many students even directly ask for answers, harming their independent learning ability.（运用了现在分词作状语） 话题4 运动与健康（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中） Modern Life Turns America into the Land of Sleepiness Most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to.” says Dr. David F. Dinges, a biological psychologist. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists found the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. But the invention of the light bulb changed everything. By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least needed item on their agenda. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.” said Dr. Cavey, the director of a medical center. Also to blame is the increased shift work, in which people either work at night, or alternate between a day and night schedule. Researchers say that the brain has difficulty adjusting to daytime sleep or varying sleep times, which means that shift workers usually suffer a net loss of sleep. To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Most experts agree that Americans are suffering from an epidemic of sleepiness, with average sleep time decreasing from① 9.5 hours in the past to② 7.5-8 hours now due to the light bulb and modern life pressures. Shift work, which worsens this, and sleep deficit, which harms performance, memory, decision-making, and concentration, are the main concerns. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代生活导致美国人普遍睡眠不足的现象，分析了其产生的原因（电灯发明、生活压力增大、倒班工作等），并说明了睡眠不足带来的负面影响（影响表现、记忆力、决策能力和注意力）。 【解析】 1.要点摘录 ①Most experts agree there is an epidemic of sleepiness in America, with Americans getting less sleep than they should. ②Historical records show average sleep time has decreased from 9.5 hours to 7.5-8 hours due to the invention of the light bulb. ③Modern life pressures and shift work are major causes of sleep loss; people consider sleep unimportant, and shift workers struggle with sleep adjustments. ④Sleep deficit leads to poor performance, weakened short-term memory, reduced decision-making ability and concentration problems. 2.缜密构思 将要点①和②整合，概述睡眠不足的现象及历史变化；将要点③单独作为原因分析部分；将要点④作为影响总结部分。 3.遣词造句 Experts confirm an epidemic of sleepiness in America, with average sleep time dropping from 9.5 to 7.5-8 hours due to the light bulb and modern pressures. Shift work worsens this issue, and sleep deficit impairs performance, memory, decision-making and concentration. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Most experts agree that Americans are suffering from an epidemic of sleepiness, with average sleep time decreasing from 9.5 hours in the past to 7.5-8 hours now due to the light bulb and modern life pressures. （运用that引导的宾语从句和with复合结构） [高分句型2] Shift work, which worsens this, and sleep deficit, which harms performance, memory, decision-making, and concentration, are the main concerns.（两个which引导的非限制性定语从句补充修饰并列主语） Passage 2 13．（23-24高二下·上海·期中）我从未想过他以惊人的速度完成了急救。(occur) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It never occurred to me that he finished first aid at an amazing speed. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为固定句型It never occurred to me that…“我从未想过……”；在该句型中，表示“完成了急救”应为动词短语finish first aid；表示“以惊人的速度”应为介词短语at an amazing speed；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：It never occurred to me that he finished first aid at an amazing speed. 14．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）传统的课堂教学能否完全被网络教学所取代，还有待观察。(It)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It remains to be seen whether traditional classroom teaching can be completely replaced by online teaching. 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。表示“有待观察”句型为It remains to be seen…；表示“是否……”应用whether；表示“传统的课堂教学”短语为traditional classroom teaching；表示“被完全取代”应用be completely replaced by，can后跟动词原形；表示“网络教学”短语为online teaching。描述客观事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为It remains to be seen whether traditional classroom teaching can be completely replaced by online teaching. 15．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）你今天下午方便抽空来跟我见个面吗？（convenient）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Would it be convenient for you to meet me this afternoon? 【详解】考查固定句型和形容词。根据句意和提示词，该句应使用固定句型“it be convenient for sb. to do sth.”，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语，convenient意为“方便的”作表语，该句为疑问句，且语气比较委婉，所以谓语动词应为would be，疑问句应将would提至it之前，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“你”应为you作不定式的逻辑主语；表示“跟我见个面”应为meet me，用不定式形式作真正主语；表示“今天下午”应为this afternoon作时间状语。故翻译为Would it be convenient for you to meet me this afternoon? 16．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）让我惊讶的是，这位老人尽管生活条件一般，却已经给慈善组织捐了很多钱并且定期去参加志愿者活动。（despite）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To my surprise, the old man, despite his modest living conditions, has donated a lot of money to charity organizations and participates in volunteer activities regularly. 【详解】考查短语、介词、时态。表示“让我惊讶的是”用to one’s+情感名词结构，表示“惊讶”用surprise；主语为the old man“这位老人”，表示“尽管生活条件一般”用despite+名词短语，表示“他一般的生活条件”用his modest living conditions；表示“捐了很多钱给慈善机构”用donate a lot of money to charity organizations，此处谓语为现在完成时；表示“定期去参加志愿者活动”用participate in volunteer activities regularly，此处谓语为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故翻译为To my surprise, the old man, despite his modest living conditions, has donated a lot of money to charity organizations and participates in volunteer activities regularly. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北黄冈中学·期中）假设你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你的笔友艾米（Amy）给你寄来一封信，说她因发胖而感到非常苦恼。请你根据下列要点给她写一封建议信。内容包括： ①注意饮食合理，营养均衡； ②经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足； ③调整心态。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Amy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Amy， I’m sorry to hear that you are upset because you have put on weight. The following are some tips on how to keep fit. First of all, to keep healthy, you need to have a balanced diet. Don’t eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat, which will make you put on weight easily. Besides, it is important to take regular exercise. Sports like riding and walking are of great benefit to your health, which can help keep you in shape. Enough sleep makes your body relaxed. As a result, for the benefit of your health, it is necessary that you should have enough sleep and rest. Last but not least, there is no need to worry about weight gain and weight loss. As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more important than health. I do hope my tips will be helpful to you. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Amy写一封建议信帮助她解决发胖带来的烦恼。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 关于：on→concerning/regarding 首先：first of all→first and foremost 重要的：important→vital/significant 因此：as a result→as a consequence/consequently 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, it is important to take regular exercise. Sports like riding and walking are of great benefit to your health, which can help keep you in shape. 拓展句：Besides, it is important to take regular exercise, because sports like riding and walking are of great benefit to your health, which can help keep you in shape. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Don’t eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat, which will make you put on weight easily.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】As a result, for the benefit of your health, it is necessary that you should have enough sleep and rest. （运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句） 话题5 科技与生活（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中） Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gen Z is leaving cities for the countryside. The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Z世代离开城市前往农村的原因。农村生活的慢节奏缓解了焦虑；户外活动有益于身体健康，拉近人们与自然的距离；较低的生活成本和较少的就业竞争也吸引了年轻人。互联网连接和社交媒体平台使他们能够远程工作并与他人联系，使生活更加便利和愉快。 【解析】 1 要点摘录 ①In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. ②As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. ③Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. ④Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. ⑤Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. ⑥This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5、6四个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Gen Z is leaving cities and going to the countryside. There are various reasons for Gen Z’s leaving cities for the countryside .For example, the slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, which can make life convenient and enjoyable. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. 运用了几个分句来描述Z世代离开城市去农村的原因，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 用现在分词making 作结果状语，表达非常高级。 Passage 2 17．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）失败很有可能是因为过于安于现状，因此对于毕业生而言，遵守规则和勇于创新一样重要。（Chance）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Chances are that failure results from being content with the status quo, so it is just as important for graduates to follow the rules as to be creative. 【详解】考查固定句型、时态和非谓语动词。表示“很可能是”用固定句型Chances are that…，表示“失败”用failure，表示“因为，产生于”为谓语动词，用result from，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数，表示“安于现状”用be content with the status quo，介词from后用动名词作宾语；“因此”用so连接句子，表示“……与……一样重要”用it is just as important…as句型，表示“遵守规则”用follow the rules，表示“勇于创新”用be creative，用不定式作真正句子的主语，it为形式主语，表示“对于毕业生”用for graduates。故翻译为Chances are that failure results from being content with the status quo, so it is just as important for graduates to follow the rules as to be creative. 18．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）焦虑影响了这位建筑师的工作，所以他决定找途径来减轻压力。（relieve）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Anxiety influenced the architect’s work, so he decided to find a way to relieve his stress. 【详解】考查动词时态、短语。结合句意，此处描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。“焦虑”译为anxiety，为不可数名词；表示“影响”用influence，表示“这位建筑师的工作”用the architect’s work；“所以”用so连接句子，表示“决定做某事”用decide to do，表示“找到……的途径”用find a way to，表示“减轻压力”用relieve his stress。故翻译为Anxiety influenced the architect’s work, so he decided to find a way to relieve his stress. 19．（23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）她在面试前总是感觉很紧张。（butterflies）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She always has butterflies in her stomach before an interview. 【详解】考查动词时态、短语。表示“很紧张”用短语have butterflies in one’s stomach，结合“总是”always可知，句子为一般现在时，主语为she，one’s用her指代，表示“在面试前”用before an interview。故翻译为She always has butterflies in her stomach before an interview. 20．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）假装完美是没用的因为你的错误最终会促使你反思自己，成为更好的人。(use; prompt) (汉译英) __________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s no use pretending to be perfect because your mistakes will ultimately prompt you to reflect on yourself and become a better person. 【详解】考查固定句型、时态、非谓语动词、名词、固定短语。表示“做某事是没有用的”用固定句型it is no use doing sth.；表示“假装做某事”用短语pretend to do sth.，故“假装完美”翻译为pretend to be perfect；根据汉语提示，“因为你的错误最终会促使你反思自己，成为更好的人”用because引导原因状语从句，表示“你的错误”用your mistakes，表示“最终”用副词ultimately，表示“促使某人做某事”用prompt sb. to do sth.，此处表述将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时，表示“反思”用短语reflect on sth.，表示“成为更好的人”用短语become a better person，两个动词短语构成并列关系，使用连词and进行连接。故翻译为It’s no use pretending to be perfect because your mistakes will ultimately prompt you to reflect on yourself and become a better person. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北随州高中教联体·期中）假定你是李华，你班最近就“Electronic dictionary pens VS Traditional paper dictionaries”展开了热烈讨论，同学们观点不一。请你写一篇发言稿，在英语课上发言，内容包括： 1.你的选择及理由； 2.发出倡议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear classmates, Our discussion on dictionary tools was really inspiring. For me, electronic dictionary pens are my top choice. They’re lightweight to carry, and with a quick scan, we get accurate meanings instantly — no more flipping through thick paper dictionaries when reading. Their built-in audio also lets us learn correct pronunciations right away. But paper dictionaries, with detailed examples, help us grasp word usage deeply. I suggest combining both: use pens for speed and paper ones for in-depth learning. Let’s make tools work better for us! Thank you! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对“Electronic dictionary pens VS Traditional paper dictionaries”的讨论写一篇发言稿，在英语课上发言。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 选择：choice→option 准确的：accurate→exact 工具：tool→instrument 鼓舞人心的：inspiring→heartening 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：They’re lightweight to carry, and with a quick scan, we get accurate meanings instantly — no more flipping through thick paper dictionaries when reading. 拓展句：When we use these tools that are lightweight to carry, we can get accurate meanings instantly with a quick scan, and thus we don’t have to flip through thick paper dictionaries during reading. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I suggest combining both: use pens for speed and paper ones for in-depth learning.（运用了动名词作宾语） 【高分句型2】They’re lightweight to carry, and with a quick scan, we get accurate meanings instantly — no more flipping through thick paper dictionaries when reading.（运用了状语从句的省略） 话题6 个人成长（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中） People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that some portion of their self-esteem (自尊心) comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, and the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. Despite the most common associations with the term peer, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends do extremely well in academics may be obliged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence may even get a friend off drugs, or help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups, class projects, and even book clubs are examples of positive peer groups, that encourage people to better themselves. However, for certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction. In order to fit in, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Groups of children may join in bullying (欺凌) newcomers in school. Teens and young adults may feel obliged to use drugs or alcohol, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to resist the temptation to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to keep up with the Joneses. There is no question that some people are more easily affected by peer pressure than others. Being self-aware is at the root of managing this type of pressure. “Going with the flow,” is not always a bad thing, but as each individual is still responsible for the consequences, it is important to be a thinking participant in the decision. 【答案】To seek social approval is the source of peer pressure Positive peer pressure pushes people to do better academically and athletically because peers either set good examples or create uplifting environment. However, peer pressure sometimes makes people lose moral principles and turn to illegal activities like bullying or selling drugs. Raising self-awareness may help fight against negative peer pressure. 【解析】本篇书面表达属于概要写作。用不超过60个单词的篇幅概括短文的大意和要点。 【解析】一、写作步骤： （1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。 （2）弄清要求。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。 （3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 二、在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （3）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 Passage 2 21．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）格林一家正安排摄影师给他们拍照，这时天突然黑了下来。(arrange) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Greens were arranging for a photographer to take photos of them when it suddenly got dark. 【详解】考查现在进行时、固定搭配、时间状语从句以及动词短语。本句描述过去正在发生的动作突然被打断，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。“格林一家”用The Greens表示，作主语时谓语动词用复数。“正安排”用were arranging表示，构成过去进行时。“安排某人做某事”用固定搭配arrange for sb. to do sth.。“摄影师”用a photographer表示，“给他们拍照”用take photos of them表示。“这时天突然黑了下来”用when引导的时间状语从句，句子主语用it，“突然”用suddenly表示，“黑下来”用got dark表示。故整句翻译为：The Greens were arranging for a photographer to take photos of them when it suddenly got dark. 22．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）她搞不清那个为她唱歌的陌生人是好人还是坏人。(confused; who) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She was confused about whether the stranger who sang for her was a good person or a bad one. 【详解】考查形容词、定语从句、宾语从句。表示“她”用she，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“搞不清”用be confused about，句子描述过去状态，用一般过去时，主语为she，be动词用was。“那个陌生人是好人还是坏人”用宾语从句whether the stranger was a good person or a bad one。表示“为她唱歌的”用定语从句，修饰the stranger，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用who引导，表示“为她唱歌”用sing for her，谓语用过去式sang。故翻译为She was confused about whether the stranger who sang for her was a good person or a bad one. 23．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）这位专家的建议在会上遭到大多数人的质疑。(greet) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This expert’s advice was greeted with doubt by most people at the meeting. 【详解】考查一般过去时、被动语态以及固定搭配。本句描述过去发生的动作，整体用一般过去时。“这位专家的建议”是句子主语，“这位专家”用this expert表示，“建议”用advice表示，为不可数名词，故该部分翻译成this expert’s advice。“在会上”用at the meeting表示，作地点状语，可放在句末。“遭到”表示被动含义，用was greeted with表示，此处greet为熟词生义，意为“以某种方式回应”，“遭到质疑”对应固定搭配greet with doubt。“大多数人”可译为“被大多数人”，即by most people表示，“质疑”用doubt表示，为不可数名词。故整句翻译为：This expert’s advice was greeted with doubt by most people at the meeting. 24．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·月考）约翰整个周末都在图书馆里埋头写毕业论文。(bury) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】John was buried in writing his graduation thesis in the library all weekend. 【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词及时态。本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。题目指定词为bury，其固定搭配be buried in doing sth.表示“埋头于做某事”；表示“约翰”为John；表示“埋头写毕业论文”为was buried in writing his graduation thesis，其中in为介词，后接动名词writing作宾语，graduation thesis对应“毕业论文”；表示“在图书馆里”为in the library；表示“整个周末”为all weekend。句首字母大写，故翻译为John was buried in writing his graduation thesis in the library all weekend. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰八校教联体学校·期中）假定你是李华，是学校高二年级学生会主席。最近，高二年级正在开展争创“书香寝室”的活动，请你写一封倡议书刊登在学校英文报上，内容包括： 1. 活动的目的； 2. 具体的做法。 参考词汇：书香寝室scholarly dormitory 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】 Dear fellow students, To develop the spirit of self-discipline and hard-work, our school is launching an initiative entitled Scholarly Dormitory. As the president of the Students’ Union, I appeal to all to take action. First, we have to obey rules. For example, we should return to the dormitory earlier after class. Then, why not make full use of time to review what we learnt. What’s more, the environment is the guarantee of learning, so it’s advocated that everyone do their bit to make the dormitory clean. East or west, dorm is best. Look forward to your action. The Students’ Union 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封倡议书刊登在学校英文报上，介绍高二年级正在开展的争创“书香寝室”活动的目的，及其具体的做法。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 培养：develop → foster 勤奋：hard-work → diligence 遵守：obey → comply with 充分利用：make full use of → take full advantage of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To develop the spirit of self-discipline and hard-work, our school is launching an initiative entitled Scholarly Dormitory. 拓展句：To develop the spirit of self-discipline and hard-work, our school is launching an initiative which is entitled Scholarly Dormitory. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Then, why not make full use of time to review what we learnt? (运用了what引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】What’s more, the environment is the guarantee of learning, so it’s advocated that everyone do their bit to make the dormitory clean. (运用了it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语) 文章介绍说专利在三个方面对创新造成了损害。首先，如果没有专利，思想就能自由传播，但专利的存在却极大地阻碍了创新。其次，专利被视为一种武器。海底专利使专利所有者能够从开发者的成果中获利，而大公司青睐的交叉许可专利通常会阻碍新进入者的进入。最后，专利损害了经济，因为专利流氓会购买具有战略意义的专利，并以合法的方式向创新者收取专利使用费。 【25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中】 What Role Do Patents Play? Patents have been with us since the 17th century. In exchange for disclosing one’s invention, the state grants a limited, legal monopoly over exploitation. In theory, the system encourages more innovation, for the good of society. Recently, however, voices of dissent have been rising. Legal costs are high. Specialists game the system to their advantage. Life-saving innovations are priced beyond the means of the poor. On July 26, at the Euroscience Open Forum, economist David Levine argued that patents were discouraging innovation. “When Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started developing the first Apple computers in a garage, they did not worry much about patents. They shared and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. They had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. If they had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, we would have no email and no smartphones,” he said. We can learn from David’s ideas that innovation thrives when patents are not in the way. Actually, the most important software innovations in the US occurred before the US began allowing software patenting. More recently, the pace of innovation has dramatically slowed. Today, patents are often used as weapons. In the 1950s, an American inventor filed so-called “submarine patents” to claim an early form of machine vision technology. When others, decades later, developed the barcode and other machine readers, he sued to protect his previously unnoticed patents and collected more than $1 billion — even though the real development work had been done by others. In addition, big companies today routinely cross-license patents to avoid blocking one another — but in the process, they also block new entrants that could disrupt the market, improve services and lower costs. That hurts consumers and inventors. In fact, patents actually harm the economy. In the US, the cost of patent trolls — firms that acquire strategic patents and use legal threats to extract steep royalties from real innovators — now amounts to 12 per cent of business R&D spending. It is, in essence, a new tax on innovation. One study of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the world’s first technology fair in London, found that only 10 per cent of the innovations on display had been patented. As you can see, society can be more innovative without patents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Patents harm innovation in three aspects. First, patents, without which ideas can spread freely, greatly hinder innovation. Second, patents are regarded as weapons. Submarine patents allow owners to profit from developers’ work, while cross-license patents favored by big companies commonly block new entrants. Last, patents hurt economy because patent trolls buy strategic patents and charge innovators royalties legally. 【解析】 1.要点摘录 ①On July 26, at the Euroscience Open Forum, economist David Levine argued that patents were discouraging innovation. ②We can learn from David’s ideas that innovation thrives when patents are not in the way. Actually, the most important software innovations in the US occurred before the US began allowing software patenting. More recently, the pace of innovation has dramatically slowed. ③Today, patents are often used as weapons. In addition, big companies today routinely cross-license patents to avoid blocking one another — but in the process, they also block new entrants that could disrupt the market, improve services and lower costs. ④One study of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the world’s first technology fair in London, found that only 10 per cent of the innovations on display had been patented. As you can see, society can be more innovative without patents. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Patents are harmful for innovation in three aspects. First, patents, without which ideas can spread freely, greatly hamper innovation. Second, patents are considered as weapons. Submarine patents allow owners to profit from developers’ work, while cross-license patents favored by big companies commonly block new entrants. Last, patents hurt economy because patent trolls purchase strategic patents and charge innovators royalties legally. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] First, patents, without which ideas can spread freely, greatly hinder innovation.运用介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Last, patents hurt economy because patent trolls buy strategic patents and charge innovators royalties legally.用because引导原因状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $