考前押题05 完形填空题（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题05 完形填空题 话题1 家庭生活 话题2 个人成长（常考点） 话题3 人与社会（常考点） 话题4 运动与健康 话题5 研究发现（难点） 话题6 环境保护（难点） 1.每一个选项的选择，是否可以在原文找到线索（逻辑词、前后复现、语境情绪） 2.整篇故事情绪是否连贯，but,however处是否语义反转 3.近义词辨析，区分单词真实用法，而不是单纯中文意思 4.全部答案代入通读一遍，有没有逻辑冲突 话题1 家庭生活（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）A father and his daughter were dramatically rescued from the ocean after an accidental fall from a cruise ship while taking pictures. The incident, 1 by many passengers, initially triggered panic but ended in collective 2 . It occurred aboard the Disney Dream as it sailed on a round trip voyage between Florida and the Bahamas. Passenger Gar Frantz, who was on deck, witnessed the child, who had been sitting on the railing for a 3 , suddenly lose her 4 and fall. “It was horrific,” he recalled. The father, demonstrating incredible instinct, jumped in without 5 to save her. The ship’s crew (全体船员), whose training quickly paid off, acted 6 . The cruise ship turned sharply to the 7 spot, while a rescue boat was launched. 8 , both individuals were located and 9 within minutes. Passenger James Tackett felt the ship lurch (突然倾斜) before hearing what had happened, “When it was officially 10 that they were safe, everyone cheered,” he said. His mother Brenda 11 the crew’s skill, noting that the entire 12 from fall to rescue was over in about fifteen minutes, a testament to their 13 . This event, which could have ended in tragedy, highlights the 14 of safety drills. The father’s selfless love and the crew’s competence served as a powerful 15 that courage and preparation make all the difference. 1. A. caused B. spotted C. ignored D. reported 2. A. relief B. silence C. despair D. excitement 3. A. view B. rest C. photo D. game 4. A. memory B. balance C. way D. patience 5. A. warning B. reason C. doubt D. hesitation 6. A. nervously B. carefully C. bravely D. instantly 7. A. original B. specific C. safe D. central 8. A. Thankfully B. Surprisingly C. Obviously D. Gradually 9.A. put to use B. taken under control C. pulled to safety D. brought into question 10. A. found B. evaluated C. announced D. comforted 11. A. observed B. directed C. questioned D. praised 12. A. process B. action C. show D. wait 13. A. kindness B. effect C. luck D. preparation 14. A. cost B. importance C. tradition D. method 15. A. reminder B. rule C. story D. suggestion 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. D　6. D　7. B　8. A　9. C　10. C　11. D　12. A　13. D　14. B　15. A 【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一对父女从迪士尼梦幻号游轮上落水，最终被戏剧性救援的经历。 (1)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一事件被许多乘客发现，起初引发了恐慌，但最终以集体的安心结束。A. caused导致；B. spotted发现；C. ignored忽视；D. reported报道。根据下文“by many passengers, initially triggered panic”可知，事件引起恐慌，说明是被乘客看到、发现了。故选B。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一事件被许多乘客发现，起初引发了恐慌，但最终以集体宽慰结束。A. relief宽慰；B. silence沉默；C. despair绝望；D. excitement兴奋。根据下文“both individuals were located and ____ within minutes”可知，最终救援成功，大家是宽慰的。故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乘客Gar Frantz在甲板上看到了这个孩子，她为了拍照坐在栏杆上，突然失去平衡掉了下去。A. view视野；B. rest休息；C. photo照片；D. game游戏。根据上文“who had been sitting on the railing for”可知，女孩坐在栏杆上是为了坐在高处，方便拍张照片。故选C。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乘客Gar Frantz在甲板上看到了这个孩子，她为了拍照坐在栏杆上，突然失去平衡掉了下去。A. memory记忆；B. balance平衡；C. way道路；D. patience耐心。根据上文“sitting on the railing”可知，坐在栏杆上容易失去平衡。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位父亲表现出惊人的本能，毫不犹豫地跳下去救她。A. warning警告；B. reason原因；C. doubt怀疑；D. hesitation犹豫。根据上文“incredible instinct”以及“jumped in without”可知，此处应是固定短语without hesitation，表示“毫不犹豫”，符合父亲救女儿的急切。故选D。 (6)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：游轮的船员，他们的训练很快见效了，迅速地采取行动。A. nervously紧张地；B. carefully仔细地；C. bravely勇敢地；D. instantly立即，迅速地。根据上文“training quickly paid off”可知，船员行动迅速。故选D。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：游轮急转弯到确切的地点，同时启动了救援船。A. original原始的；B. specific具体的，确切的；C. safe安全的；D. central中心的。根据上文“The cruise ship turned sharply to the”以及下文“rescue boat”可知，救援船要救援必须到准确的地点，specific spot表示“确切的地点”，符合语境。故选B。 (8)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：庆幸的是，两人在几分钟内就被找到并被拉到安全地带。A. Thankfully庆幸地，感激地；B. Surprisingly惊讶地；C. Obviously明显地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据下文“both individuals were located and ____ within minutes”可知，救援成功是值得庆幸的事。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：庆幸的是，两人在几分钟内就被找到并被拉到安全地带。A. put to use投入使用；B. taken under control被控制；C. pulled to safety拉到安全地带；D. brought into question受到质疑。根据上文“both individuals were located”以及下文“they were safe”可知，救援的目的是把人拉到安全处。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当官方宣布他们安全时，每个人都欢呼起来。A. found发现；B. evaluated评估；C. announced宣布；D. comforted安慰。根据上文“it was officially”以及下文“they were safe”可知，此处应表示官方宣布他们安全了。故选C。 (11)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲Brenda赞扬了船员的技能，指出从坠落到救援的整个过程在大约15分钟内就结束了，这证明了他们的准备充分。A. observed观察；B. directed指导；C. questioned质疑；D. praised赞扬。根据下文“the crew’s skill”以及“from fall to rescue was over in about fifteen minutes”可知，此处是指赞扬船员的救援行动很好。故选D。 (12)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲Brenda赞扬了船员的技能，指出从坠落到救援的整个过程在大约15分钟内就结束了，这证明了他们的准备充分。A. process过程；B. action行动；C. show展示；D. wait等待。根据下文“from fall to rescue”可知，此处是指一个过程。故选A。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲Brenda赞扬了船员的技能，指出从坠落到救援的整个过程在大约15分钟内就结束了，这证明了他们的准备充分。A. kindness善良；B. effect效果；C. luck运气；D. preparation准备。根据上文“the crew’s skill”以及下文“courage and preparation make all the difference”可知，船员训练有素，是准备充分的体现。故选D。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这起本可能以悲剧收场的事件，凸显了安全演练的重要性。A. cost成本；B. importance重要性；C. tradition传统；D. method方法。根据上文“This event, which could have ended in tragedy, highlights ”以及下文“of safety drills”可知，此处是指安全演练在救援中发挥了作用，体现了其重要性。故选B。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲的无私之爱和船员的能力是一个强有力的提醒，说明勇气和准备至关重要。A. reminder提醒，提示；B. rule规则；C. story故事；D. suggestion建议。根据上文“The father’s selfless love and the crew’s competence served as a powerfulserved as a powerful”以及下文“ courage and preparation”可知，此处指这件事提醒人们勇气和准备的重要性。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆第十一中学校教育集团·期中）“There is no way I can live out of a suitcase!” I thought as we 1 our home in Venice, Italy. At fourteen years old, I couldn’t imagine 2 my friends, school, and all my “stuff” behind to 3 the world full-time with my family. At the time, we were all going in different 4 — my sister and I focused on school and were rarely home and my parents focused on work. It felt like my family never saw each other even though we lived under the same 5 . That was when my mom 6 dropping everything to travel the world. At that time, it seemed so 7 . Although I absolutely loved the idea of traveling the world 8 , I couldn’t picture giving up a home full of stuff. That was over two years, thirty-eight countries, and four continents ago! During that time, we have 9 how little we really need to be happy. As we travel now, we barely carry anything with us except essential things. After buying new clothes, we give some of our old ones away to people 10 and it makes us so happy to be able to 11 wherever we can. Without all the distractions that we used to have, we have become 12 as a family! We now know that 13 and memories are the most valuable things in life and that they can only be 14 when we let go of our need for possessions and focus on what really 15 in life — enjoying our lives with the people we love. 1. A. cleaned up B. took up C. used up D. packed up 2. A. visiting B. finding C. leaving D. missing 3. A. escape B. unite C. travel D. change 4. A. property B. directions C. cultures D. topics 5. A. roof B. rules C. sky D. pressures 6. A. fancied B. proposed C. admitted D. denied 7. A. crazy B. funny C. serious D. awkward 8. A. safely B. freely C. leisurely D. hurriedly 9. A. forgotten B. wondered C. realized D. believed 10. A. by chance B. on purpose C. as usual D. in need 11. A. give back B. explore C. set out D. relax 12. A. happier B. closer C. colder D. further 13. A. friendships B. health C. courage D. experiences 14. A. obtained B. noticed C. offered D. developed 15. A. works B. happens C. matters D. helps 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. B　5. A　6. B　7. A　8. B　9. C　10. D　11. A　12. B　13. D　14. A　15. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家原本生活忙碌，彼此疏离，后来母亲提议放下一切去环球旅行，作者起初觉得疯狂，但两年的旅行经历让他们意识到幸福所需的很少，家人关系也变得更亲密，还明白了经历和回忆才是生活中最宝贵的东西。 (1)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我不可能一直提着行李箱过日子！”当我们收拾好意大利威尼斯的家时，我心里这样想。A. cleaned up打扫；B. took up占据；C. used up用完；D. packed up收拾行李。根据上文“live out of a suitcase”和下文“dropping everything to travel the world.”可知，作者一家正在收拾意大利威尼斯的家，准备出发旅行。故选D。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：14岁的我无法想象，抛下朋友、学校以及所有“家当”，和家人一起全职环游世界。A. visiting参观；B. finding找到；C. leaving离开；D. missing错过。根据下文“my friends, school, and all my “stuff” behind”以及作者要环游世界可知，作者无法想象把朋友、学校和所有东西都抛在脑后去旅行，即离开这些东西。故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. escape逃跑；B. unite团结；C. travel旅行；D. change改变。根据下文“That was when my mom ____6____ dropping everything to travel the world.”可知，此处指和家人一起全职环游世界。故选C。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候，我们一家人都朝着不同的方向忙碌——我和妹妹一心扑在学业上，很少待在家里，父母则专注于工作。A. property财产；B. directions方向；C. cultures文化；D. topics话题。根据下文“my sister and I focused on school and were rarely home and my parents focused on work”可知，作者一家人的生活走向不同的方向。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们同住一个屋檐下，却仿佛彼此总也见不到面。A. roof屋顶；B. rules规则；C. sky天空；D. pressures压力。根据上文“It felt like my family never saw each other even though”可知，作者和家人虽然住在同一个屋檐下，却总是见不到面。故选A。 (6)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，母亲提议放下一切去环游世界。A. fancied喜欢；B. proposed提议；C. admitted承认；D. denied否认。根据下文“Although I absolutely loved the idea of traveling the world ____8____, I couldn’t picture giving up a home full of stuff.”可知，母亲提议放下一切去环游世界。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在当时，这个想法看起来简直太疯狂了。A. crazy疯狂的；B. funny有趣的；C. serious严肃的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据后文“Although I absolutely loved the idea of traveling the world”以及作者一开始无法想象离开朋友、学校和所有东西去旅行可知，作者一开始觉得母亲的这个提议很疯狂。故选A。 (8)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然我确实喜欢可以自由环游世界的这个念头，但实在想象不出放弃一个满是物品的家会是什么样子。A. safely安全地；B. freely自由地；C. leisurely悠闲地；D. hurriedly匆忙地。根据上文“traveling the world”可知，环游世界的核心是摆脱日常束缚、自由出行，此处指作者虽然喜欢自由环游世界的想法，但不愿放弃满是物品的家。故选B。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，我们意识到，想要获得幸福，我们真正需要的东西其实少之又少。A. forgotten忘记；B. wondered想知道；C. realized意识到；D. believed相信。根据下文“how little we really need to be happy”可知，经过两年的旅行，作者一家意识到幸福真正需要的其实很少。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意：买了新衣服后，我们会把一些旧衣服送给有需要的人，能尽我们所能去回馈他人，这让我们感到无比快乐。A. by chance偶然；B. on purpose故意；C. as usual像往常一样；D. in need在困难中，需要帮助。根据上文“we give some of our old ones away to people”可知，作者他们把旧衣服送给有需要的人。故选D。 (11)题解析： 考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. give back回馈；B. explore探索；C. set out出发；D. relax放松。根据上文“we give some of our old ones away to people”可知，把旧衣服送给有需要的人是一种回馈社会的行为。故选A。 (12)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有了过去那些纷扰的事物，我们一家人变得更加亲密了！A. happier更快乐的；B. closer更亲密的；C. colder更冷的；D. further更远的。根据上文“Without all the distractions that we used to have,”可知，没有了以往的干扰，一家人相处的时间变多，关系变得更亲密。故选B。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们现在明白了，经历和回忆是人生中最宝贵的东西，而只有当我们放下对物质的渴求，专注于生命中真正重要的事——和爱的人一起享受生活时，才能获得这些宝贵的东西。A. friendships友谊；B. health健康；C. courage勇气；D. experiences经历。根据上文“we have traveled now, we barely carry anything with us except essential things”以及作者一家去旅行可知，旅行带来的核心财富是各地的经历和回忆，这是比物质更珍贵的东西。故选D。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obtained获得；B. noticed注意到；C. offered提供；D. developed发展。根据上文“are the most valuable things in life”可知，经历和回忆是生命中最宝贵的东西，所以此处指它们只能被获得。故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. works工作；B. happens发生；C. matters要紧；D. helps帮助。根据下文“enjoying our lives with the people we love”可知，此处指专注于生活中真正重要的东西，即和所爱的人一起享受生活。matter意为“要紧”，符合语境。故选C。 话题2 个人成长（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆九校联盟·期中）When I was fourteen, I was going through one of the lowest points in my life. 1 with anxiety, loneliness, and a lack of self-worth, I often hid my 2 , convinced that no one would truly appreciate them. Those were the years when I 3 myself most and avoided 4 at all costs. In Sweden, where I live, woodworking is part of our school curriculum. I had put much 5 into making a wooden box, shaping every edge with care and patience. When the project was finally complete, I felt quietly 6 , but also nervous for others to see it. 7 , I would have hidden my work from others, but this time, the box was too large for my bag. Carrying it in my hands made me feel 8 , and I worried that others would 9 me in a negative way. As I was putting on my jacket, I heard a girl whisper to her friend, “That box looks really 10 .” Her voice was calm, genuine, and kind. Those few words felt like sunlight 11 clouds. Consequently, that simple comment 12 me. From then on, I decided to not try to hide my project and I just felt so good about myself. I began to share my art with 13 instead of fear. That girl probably never knew how much her words 14 to me. Her simple, kind word truly helped me believe in myself. Never underestimate (低估) the power of a kind word — it can 15 someone’s world. 1. A. Annoyed B. Associating C. Struggling D. Bored 2. A. talents B. secrets C. feelings D. thoughts 3. A. ignored B. hated C. criticized D. doubted 4. A. attention B. friends C. mistakes D. school 5. A. love B. effort C. money D. idea 6. A. comfortable B. tired C. joyful D. proud 7. A. Occasionally B. Usually C. Regularly D. Unfortunately 8. A. exposed B. embarrassed C. nervous D. dissatisfied 9. A. admire B. blame C. judge D. praise 10. A. strange B. neat C. expensive D. cool 11. A. coming across B. breaking through C. hiding behind D. setting aside 12. A. reminded B. surprised C. changed D. upset 13. A. confidence B. friends C. excitement D. classmates 14. A. appealed B. meant C. proved D. revealed 15. A. decorate B. assist C. brighten D. determine 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. A　5. B　6. D　7. B　8. A　9. C　10. D　11. B　12. C　13. A　14. B　15. C 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了14岁的作者深陷低谷、自我怀疑，制作木盒后本想隐藏，却因一句夸赞备受鼓舞，从此重拾自信分享作品，也懂得了善意话语的强大力量。 (1)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：饱受焦虑、孤独和自我价值缺失的困扰，我常常隐藏自己的才能，深信没有人会真正欣赏它们。A. Annoyed惹恼；B. Associating联系；C. Struggling挣扎；D. Bored厌倦。根据后文“with anxiety, loneliness, and a lack of self-worth”可知，作者饱受焦虑、孤独和自我价值缺失的困扰，struggle with意为“受…… 困扰”，故选C。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：饱受焦虑、孤独和自我价值缺失的困扰，我常常隐藏自己的才能，深信没有人会真正欣赏它们。A. talents天赋；B. secrets秘密；C. feelings感觉；D. thoughts想法。后文“into making a wooden box, shaping every edge with care and patience”提到制作木盒的手工技艺，以及分享自己的艺术作品，可知作者隐藏的是自己的天赋，故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些年是我最自我怀疑、也竭尽全力避免引起他人注意的时期。A. ignored忽视；B. hated讨厌；C. criticized批评；D. doubted怀疑。根据上文“with anxiety, loneliness, and a lack of self-worth”可知，作者缺乏自我价值感，说明当时是极度怀疑自己，故选D。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些年是我最自我怀疑、也竭尽全力避免引起他人注意的时期。A. attention注意力；B. friends朋友；C. mistakes错误；D. school学校。根据上文“with anxiety, loneliness, and a lack of self-worth”可知，作者因为自我怀疑，避免被人关注，故选A。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我投入了大量的精力来制作一个木制盒子，仔细耐心地打磨着每一个边缘。A. love爱；B. effort努力；C. money金钱；D. idea想法。根据后文“into making a wooden box”可知，作者努力制作木盒子，put effort into表示“付出努力做某事”，故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当项目最终完成时，我内心感到由衷的自豪，但同时又为让别人看到它而感到有些紧张。A. comfortable舒服的；B. tired疲惫的；C. joyful高兴的；D. proud骄傲的。根据上文“When the project was finally complete”可知，作品完成后，作者内心会产生成就感和自豪感，故选D。 (7)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，我会把我的作品藏起来不让别人看到，但这次，这个盒子太大了，放不进我的包里。A. Occasionally偶尔；B. Usually通常；C. Regularly定期地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。后文“but this time, the box was too large for my bag”中用but转折，说明这次情况不同，usually表示“通常情况下”，指以往作者都会把作品藏起来。故选B。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：手里捧着木盒，我感觉自己毫无遮掩，还担心别人会用异样的眼光评判我。A. exposed暴露的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. nervous紧张的；D. dissatisfied不满足的。根据上文“Carrying it in my hands made me feel”可知，盒子太大没法藏，只能拿在手里，这让作者感觉自己的作品和能力暴露在外，故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：手里捧着木盒，我感觉自己毫无遮掩，还担心别人会用异样的眼光评判我。A. admire欣赏；B. blame责备；C. judge评判，判断；D. praise赞美。根据后文“me in a negative way”可知，作者担心别人会负面评价自己，故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我正要穿上外套时，我听到一个女孩小声对她的朋友说：“那个盒子看起来真的很酷。”A. strange奇怪的；B. neat整洁的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. cool酷的，凉爽的。根据后文“Her voice was calm, genuine, and kind.”可知，女孩的评价是善意的，cool在此处意为“很棒的、酷的”，故选D。 (11)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这句话仿佛是阳光穿透乌云般地洒落下来。A. coming across偶遇；B. breaking through突破；C. hiding behind躲在后面；D. setting aside留出。根据上文“Those few words felt like sunlight”可知，这句话像阳光穿透云层，故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，那句简单的评论彻底改变了我。A. reminded提醒；B. surprised使惊奇；C. changed改变；D. upset使沮丧。后文“I began to share my art with”提到作者从此不再隐藏作品、开始分享艺术，说明这句评价改变了他。故选C。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始满怀信心地分享自己的艺术作品，而不再感到恐惧。A. confidence自信；B. friends朋友；C. excitement激动；D. classmates同学。根据后文“Her simple, kind word truly helped me believe in myself.(她那简单而亲切的话语确实让我重新找回了自信)”可知，可知，作者开始带着自信而非恐惧分享作品。故选A。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个女孩或许从未意识到她的言语对我意味着什么。A. appealed吸引；B. meant意味着；C. proved证明；D. revealed揭露。根据后文“Her simple, kind word truly helped me believe in myself.(她那简单而亲切的话语确实让我重新找回了自信)”可知，女孩或许不知道她的话对作者有多重要。故选B。 (15)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：永远不要低估一句善意话语的力量——它能够照亮他人的世界。A. decorate装饰；B. assist帮助；C. brighten点亮；D. determine决定。根据上文“Her simple, kind word truly helped me believe in myself.(她那简单而亲切的话语确实让我重新找回了自信)”可知，善意的话语能照亮一个人的世界，brighten表示“使变得明亮、使快乐”，故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州大学附中·期中）Muniba Mazari, often known as the “Iron Lady of Pakistan”, is a true inspiration for countless people around the world. Muniba’s life took a dramatic turn when she was involved in a car accident which left her paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist down. At the young age of 21, she found herself 1 in a wheelchair, confronting a future that was 2 from the one she had once dreamed of. Then, Muniba made an important decision. She refused to let her disability 3 her identity. 4 , she embraced her new reality with incredible strength. She discovered a passion for art and began to paint using her mouth, 5 remarkable talent. Through her artwork, she found a channel to express her emotions and inspire others. 6 , Muniba’s resilience (回弹力，适应能力) extended far beyond the canvas. She 7 a motivational speaker, sharing her story of victory over adversity with global audiences. She encouraged others to 8 their challenges and pursue their dreams. In addition to her artistic and speaking 9 , Muniba achieved another milestone. She became Pakistan’s first female Goodwill Ambassador (亲善大使) for UN Women, 10 for gender equality and women’s rights. Her work aimed to empower women and girls, urging them to break societal limits. Muniba’s story serves as a beacon (灯塔) of hope. It proves that disability is not a(n) 11 to achieving greatness. Through her journey, she has taught millions the importance of self-love and the 12 power of the human spirit. Her life reminds us that 13 challenges we face, with toughness and a strong will, we can overcome adversity. Muniba doesn’t just talk about 14 ; she lives it every day. Her entire story 15 the core message that our limitations do not have to limit our lives. 1. A. seated B. trapped C. resting D. laid 2. A. separate B. hidden C. distant D. free 3. A. devote B. describe C. define D. disagree 4. A. Consequently B. Besides C. Finally D. Instead 5. A. possessing B. creating C. discovering D. showing 6. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Somehow 7. A. turned into B. looked into C. ran into D. came into 8. A. come across B. spring up C. rise to D. throw in 9. A. pursuit B. exercise C. plans D. movement 10. A. advocating B. searching C. applying D. allowing 11. A. error B. barrier C. career D. debt 12. A. suitable B. realistic C. limitless D. precise 13. A. whatever B. whenever C. however D. wherever 14. A. success B. determination C. freedom D. equality 15. A. ignores B. questions C. employs D. delivers 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D　5. D　6. B　7. A　8. C　9. A　10. A　11. B　12. C　13. A　14. B　15. D 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被称为“巴基斯坦铁娘子”的Muniba Mazari在遭遇车祸瘫痪后，凭借顽强意志在艺术、演讲和公益领域取得成就，激励无数人的故事。 (1)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：21岁时，她发现自己被困在轮椅上，面对的未来与她曾经梦想的截然不同。A. seated使就座；B. trapped困住；C. resting休息；D. laid放置。根据上文“she was involved in a car accident which left her paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist down”和下文“in a wheelchair”可知，她因瘫痪无法离开轮椅，trapped体现“被困”的状态，符合语境。故选B。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. separate分开的；B. hidden隐藏的；C. distant遥远的，截然不同的；D. free自由的。根据下文“from the one she had once dreamed of”可知，车祸导致瘫痪，她的未来与梦想中的状态差异极大。此处表示与她曾经梦想的未来截然不同。故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拒绝让自己的残疾定义自己的身份。A. devote奉献；B. describe描述；C. define定义；D. disagree不同意。根据上文“She refused to let her disability”和下文“her identity”可知，她不愿被残疾标签束缚，即不允许残疾“定义”自己的身份。故选C。 (4)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，她以惊人的力量接受了新的现实。A. Consequently因此；B. Besides此外；C. Finally最终；D. Instead相反。前文“refused to let her disability define her identity”与后文“embraced her new reality”形成转折关系，Instead表转折，符合语境。故选D。 (5)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她发现了对艺术的热情，开始用嘴画画，展现出非凡的才华。A. possessing拥有；B. creating创造；C. discovering发现；D. showing展示。根据下文“remarkable talent”可知，通过画画的行为，她的天赋被他人看到，展现出非凡的才华。故选D。 (6)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Muniba的适应能力远远超出了画布的范围。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Somehow不知怎么地。根据上文“Through her artwork, she found a channel to express her emotions and inspire others.”和下文“Muniba’s resilience (回弹力，适应能力) extended far beyond the canvas. She 7 a motivational speaker, sharing her story of victory over adversity with global audiences. ”可知，上文强调她在艺术上的成就，下文转向她作为励志演说家等其他领域的表现，存在转折关系，However表转折。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她成为了一名励志演讲家，与全球观众分享她战胜逆境的故事。A. turned into变成；B. looked into调查；C. ran into遇到；D. came into进入。根据下文“a motivational speaker”可知，此她从一名残疾人转变为演说家，turned into体现身份的转变。故选A。 (8)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她鼓励其他人勇敢面对挑战，追求梦想。A. come across偶遇；B. spring up涌现；C. rise to勇敢面对；D. throw in扔进。根据下文“their challenges and pursue their dreams”可知，她鼓励他人积极应对挑战，rise to challenges为固定搭配，意为“勇敢面对挑战”。故选C。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了艺术和演讲方面的追求，Muniba还取得了另一个里程碑式的成就。A. pursuit追求；B. exercise锻炼；C. plans计划；D. movement运动。根据下文“her artistic and speaking”可知，艺术和演讲是Muniba所追求的事情。故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成为巴基斯坦首位联合国妇女署女性亲善大使，倡导性别平等和妇女权利。A. advocating倡导；B. searching搜索；C. applying申请；D. allowing允许。根据下文“for gender equality and women’s rights”可知，性别平等和妇女权利是她作为妇女署女性亲善大使所倡导的事情。故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事证明，残疾并不是实现伟大的障碍。A. error错误；B. barrier障碍；C. career职业；D. debt债务。根据上文“It proves that disability is not a(n)”和下文“to achieving greatness”可知，Muniba虽残疾却取得诸多成就，此处表示残疾并不是实现伟大的障碍。故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过她的旅程，她向数百万人传授了自爱的重要性和人类精神的无限力量。A. suitable合适的；B. realistic现实的；C. limitless无限的；D. precise精确的。根据下文“power of the human spirit”可知，Muniba凭借精神力量战胜重重困难，体现了人类精神的“无限”力量。故选C。 (13)题解析： 考查让步状语从句。句意：她的生活提醒我们，无论我们面临什么挑战，只要坚韧不拔，意志坚强，我们就能克服逆境。A. whatever无论什么；B. whenever无论何时；C. however无论如何；D. wherever无论在哪里。根据下文“challenges we face”可知，challenges为名词，需用whatever修饰，此处表示无论我们面临什么挑战。故选A。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Muniba不仅仅是在谈论决心；她每天都身体力行。A. success成功；B. determination决心；C. freedom自由；D. equality平等。根据上文“with toughness and a strong will, we can overcome adversity”、“Muniba doesn’t just talk about”和下文“she lives it every day”可知，她的故事核心是“决心”，且她用行动践行了这一点。故选B。 (15)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的整个故事传达了一个核心信息：我们的局限并不一定限制我们的生活。A. ignores忽视；B. questions询问；C. employs雇佣；D. delivers传达。根据下文“the core message that our limitations do not have to limit our lives”可知，故事向读者“传递”核心信息，此处表示她的整个故事传达了一个核心信息。故选D。 话题3 人与社会（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中）In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress, changing how we work, live, and connect. Today, AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans; it can now act 1 , completing tasks and making decisions. This shift marks the beginning of a “digital labor revolution.” AI agents, powered by machine learning, can generate text, compose music, and design images. These agents can work on their own, 2 with other AI systems, or assist humans. Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks, AI agents have the potential to perform 3 jobs, increasing productivity across industries. AI-driven automation has the power to transform economies. By taking over repetitive and routine tasks, AI allows workers to focus on creative and 4 activities. This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation. In fact, AI-driven productivity increased by 2.2% in the third quarter of 2024. However, the rise of AI also raises 5 . As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality. Historically, though, technological advancements have created more jobs than they have 6 . In 1950, 43 million Americans had jobs; by 2020, that number had risen to 152 million. The key to managing this transition is education — training people to work alongside AI and developing new 7 . AI’s impact goes beyond business. It can be used to expand opportunities for education and career development. For example, the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to 8 students with college applications. This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive 9 . Similarly, AI is improving the job application process. The Adecco Group, a global human resources company, now uses AI to quickly 10 job seekers with employers. This reduces waiting times and helps more people find 11 employment. The future of AI depends on how we use it. If applied responsibly, AI can improve efficiency, create opportunities, and 12 human potential. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility, and 13 . Standing at the edge of this new era, we must embrace AI with 14 . Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide. The key is to balance innovation with 15 , ensuring that AI serves humanity in the best possible way. 1. A. independently B. passively C. randomly D. temporarily 2. A. argue B. compare C. compete D. cooperate 3. A. boring B. complex C. dangerous D. simple 4. A. physical B. repetitive C. daily D. strategic 5. A. benefits B. concerns C. hopes D. difficulties 6. A. created B. eliminated C. ignored D. lost 7. A. challenges B. industries C. problems D. theories 8. A. assist B. confuse C. discourage D. replace 9. A. criticism B. guidance C. pressure D. rejection 10. A. compare B. compete C. match D. separate 11. A. part-time B. temporary C. stressful D. suitable 12. A. develop B. limit C. ignore D. waste 13. A. competition B. cost C. safety D. speed 14. A. confidence B. doubt C. fear D. hesitation 15. A. profit B. benefit C. responsibility D. tradition 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D　5. B　6. B　7. B　8. A　9. B　10. C　11. D　12. A　13. C　14. A　15. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的发展、影响及应对策略。 (1)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，人工智能不仅仅是一种预测或辅助人类的工具；它现在可以独立行动，完成任务并做出决策。A. independently独立地；B. passively被动地；C. randomly随机地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据前文“AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans”以及后文“completing tasks and making decisions”可知，人工智能可以独立行动，完成任务并做出决策。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些代理可以独立工作，与其他人工智能系统合作，或协助人类。A. argue争论；B. compare比较；C. compete竞争；D. cooperate合作。根据后文“with other AI systems”可知，这些代理可以与其他人工智能系统合作。故选D。 (3)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与传统的自动化取代简单任务不同，人工智能代理有潜力执行复杂的工作，提高各行业的生产力。A. boring无聊的；B. complex复杂的；C. dangerous危险的；D. simple简单的。根据前文“Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks”及后文“increasing productivity across industries”可知，人工智能代理有潜力执行复杂的工作，从而提高各行业的生产力。故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过接管重复和例行的工作，人工智能让员工能够专注于创造性和战略性的活动。A. physical身体的；B. repetitive重复的；C. daily日常的；D. strategic战略的。根据前文“focus on creative and”以及后文“This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation.”可知，人工智能接管了重复和例行的工作，让员工能够专注于创造性和战略性的活动。故选D。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人工智能的兴起也引发了担忧。A. benefits利益；B. concerns担忧；C. hopes希望；D. difficulties困难。根据后文“As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality.”可知，人工智能的兴起也引发了担忧。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，从历史上看，技术进步创造的就业机会多于消除的就业机会。A. created创造；B. eliminated消除；C. ignored忽视；D. lost丢失。根据前文“technological advancements have created more jobs than they have”可知，技术进步创造的就业机会多于消除的就业机会，eliminated与created对应。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：管理这一转变的关键是教育——培训人们与人工智能一起工作，并开发新的行业。A. challenges挑战；B. industries行业；C. problems问题；D. theories理论。根据前文“technological advancements have created more jobs”及“training people to work alongside AI”可知，为适配AI时代，需开拓新的就业领域即新行业。故选B。 (8)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，非营利组织College Possible使用一个人工智能驱动的虚拟顾问来协助学生申请大学。A. assist协助；B. confuse使困惑；C. discourage使气馁；D. replace代替。根据后文“This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive ___9___.”可知，虚拟顾问的作用是帮助学生。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术有助于弥合学生与工作过度的人类顾问之间的差距，确保更多的学生得到指导。A. criticism批评；B. guidance指导；C. pressure压力；D. rejection拒绝。根据前文“the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to ___8___ students with college applications”可知，虚拟顾问协助学生做大学申请，其核心是为学生提供申请相关的指导。故选B。 (10)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球人力资源公司德科集团现在使用人工智能快速将求职者与雇主匹配。A. compare比较；B. compete竞争；C. match匹配；D. separate分开。根据后文“job seekers with employers”可知，人力资源公司的核心工作是为求职者和雇主搭建匹配桥梁。故选C。 (11)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这减少了等待时间，帮助更多的人找到合适的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. temporary暂时的；C. stressful有压力的；D. suitable合适的。根据前文“This reduces waiting times and helps more people find”及后文“ employment”可知，人工智能帮助更多的人找到合适的工作。故选D。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果负责任地应用，人工智能可以提高效率，创造机会，开发人类潜力。A. develop开发；B. limit限制；C. ignore忽视；D. waste浪费。根据后文“human potential”可知，人工智能可以开发人类潜力。故选A。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府、企业和研究人员必须共同努力，确保人工智能的道德发展，促进公平、责任和安全。A. competition竞争；B. cost成本；C. safety安全；D. speed速度。根据前文“to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility”及“However, the rise of AI also raises ___5___”可知，对于利用人工智能，有一定的担忧，故而政府、企业和研究人员必须共同努力，促进公平、责任和安全。故选C。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：站在这个新时代的边缘，我们必须满怀信心地拥抱人工智能。A. confidence信心；B. doubt怀疑；C. fear害怕；D. hesitation犹豫。根据后文“Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide.”可知，对待AI应持积极接纳的态度，所以我们必须满怀信心地拥抱人工智能。故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键是在创新与责任之间取得平衡，确保人工智能以最佳方式为人类服务。A. profit利润；B. benefit利益；C. responsibility责任；D. tradition传统。根据前文“The key is to balance innovation with”以及“to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility”可知，AI发展需兼顾创新和责任，确保人工智能以最佳方式为人类服务，responsibility为原词复现。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆渝东九校·期中）“You’ve lost 60% of your 1 in your right ear and it’s permanent.” “What?!” I 2 at the doctor. So he repeated himself, louder this time. He thought I couldn’t hear him, but I had. I was just in 3 . How had this happened? How am I supposed to live my life with one ear? I 4 crying. Right before Thanksgiving, I thought that I 5 a minor head cold. No pain, No cough. It just made my right ear feel as if it was underwater. I told people to “talk to my 6 ear.” I figured it would recover on its own 7 . It didn’t. One month went 8 , then two, and I still couldn’t hear well, but I didn’t get it 9 . It wasn’t until the end of January, when I went to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor for an unrelated 10 , that I thought to mention it. As soon as I did, the doctor looked at me in alarm and told me to make an 11 for a hearing test the next day. After much 12 , I was diagnosed with SSHL, a medical term for “I suddenly lost my hearing for no apparent reason.” A month later, I was 13 with my new hearing aid. I hadn’t realized how much I was 14 with my damaged hearing until the moment it was given back to me. I burst into happy tears. I was so 15 for all the medical professionals and technology that gave me back my hearing. 1. A. sight B. taste C. hearing D. smell 2. A. smiled B. stared C. laughed D. glanced 3. A. shock B. danger C. style D. detail 4. A. break out B. give out C. burst out D. run out 5. A. came B. left C. gave D. got 6. A. bad B. good C. rich D. poor 7. A. gradually B. generally C. sincerely D. approximately 8. A. over B. through C. on D. by 9. A. checked out B. lifted up C. looked into D. brought about 10. A. routine B. issue C. route D. initiative 11. A. adjustment B. improvement C. announcement D. appointment 12. A. testing B. crying C. texting D. shouting 13. A. associated B. decorated C. equipped D. loaded 14. A. enjoying B. struggling C. interacting D. settling 15. A. responsible B. appropriate C. anxious D. grateful 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C　5. D　6. B　7. A　8. D　9. A　10. B　11. D　12. A　13. C　14. B　15. D 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者疑因小感冒致右耳听力受损，未及时检查，后确诊突聋，佩戴助听器重获听力，对医护人员和技术满怀感激。 (1)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你的右耳失去了60%的听力，这是永久性的。”A. sight视野；B. taste味道；C. hearing听力；D. smell气味，嗅觉。根据下文“One month went ____8____, then two, and I still couldn’t hear well”可知，后文反复提及耳朵听力问题，且医生让做听力测试，所以此处指右耳听力丧失 60%。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我盯着医生。A. smiled微笑；B. stared盯着；C. laughed大笑；D. glanced瞥一眼。根据上文““You’ve lost 60% of your ____1____ in your right ear and it’s permanent.” “What?!””可知，听到听力永久受损的消息，反应应该是震惊地盯着医生。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是很震惊。A. shock震惊；B. danger危险；C. style风格；D. detail细节。根据下文“How had this happened?”可知，此处为听到消息后的错愕反应，in shock 是固定搭配，意为“处于震惊之中”。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我突然大哭起来。A. break out爆发；B. give out分发，耗尽；C. burst out突然开始（做某事）；D. run out用完。根据上文“How am I supposed to live my life with one ear?”可知，作者得知坏消息后情绪爆发，突然大哭起来。burst out crying是固定短语，意为“突然大哭起来”。故选C项。 (5)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在感恩节前，我以为我得了轻微的感冒。A. came带来；B. left离开；C. gave给；D. got得到。根据下文“a minor head cold”可知，此处指作者以为自己得了轻微的头伤风。get a cold 是固定搭配，意为“感冒”。故选D项。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉人们“跟我的好耳朵说”。A. bad坏的；B. good好的；C. rich富有的；D. poor穷的。根据上文“It just made my right ear feel as if it was underwater.”可知，右耳听不清，所以会让别人对着好的那只耳朵说话。故选B项。 (7)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想它会逐渐恢复的。A. gradually逐渐地；B. generally通常；C. sincerely真诚地；D. approximately大约。根据句意以及上文“I figured it would recover on its own”可知，作者以为耳朵的问题会逐渐自行好转，gradually 表示“逐渐地”，符合常理。故选A项。 (8)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个月过去了，两个月过去了，我还是听不太清楚，但我没有去检查。A. (went) over仔细检查；B. (went) through经历；C. (went) on继续；D. (went) by流逝。根据该句中的“One month …, then two”可知，此处指一个月、两个月过去了。go by是固定短语，意为“（时间）流逝”。故选D项。 (9)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个月过去了，两个月过去了，我还是听不太清楚，但我没有去检查。A. checked out检查；B. lifted up举起；C. looked into调查；D. brought about导致。根据下文“It wasn’t until the end of January, when I went to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor”可知，作者听力一直没好，却没有去检查。故选A项。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到一月底，当我因为一个无关的问题去看耳鼻喉科医生时，我才想到要提起这件事。A. routine日常；B. issue问题；C. route路线；D. initiative倡议。 根据上文“when I went to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor”可知，作者去看耳鼻喉科是因为另一个健康问题，issue 在此处表示“（健康方面的）问题”。故选B项。 (11)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我刚一开口，医生就惊恐地看着我，告诉我第二天预约做听力测试。A. adjustment调整；B. improvement改进；C. announcement宣告；D. appointment约定。根据下文“for a hearing test the next day”可知，医生让作者预约第二天的听力测试。make an appointment 是固定搭配，意为“预约”。故选D项。 (12)题解析： 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：经过多次测试，我被诊断出患有SSHL，这是一个医学术语，意思是“我突然莫名其妙地失去了听力”。A. testing测试；B. crying哭泣；C. texting发短信；D. shouting大叫。根据下文“I was diagnosed with SSHL”可知，经过大量的检测后，作者被诊断出患有突发性听力损失。故选A项。 (13)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个月后，我戴上了新的助听器。A. associated联系；B. decorated装饰；C. equipped配备；D. loaded装载。根据句意以及下文“with my new hearing aid”可知，此处指作者戴上了新的助听器。be equipped with为固定短语，意为“配备、佩戴”。故选C项。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到听力恢复的那一刻，我才意识到自己在与受损的听力作多大的斗争。A. enjoying享受；B. struggling挣扎；C. interacting互动；D. settling解决。根据句意以及下文“until the moment it was given back to me”可知，戴上助听器后，作者才意识到之前听力受损时，自己一直有多煎熬。故选B项。 (15)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常感谢所有的医疗专家和技术，让我恢复了听力。A. responsible负责的；B. appropriate合适的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. grateful感激的。根据句意以及下文“for all the medical professionals”可知，重获听力后，作者对医护人员和相关技术充满感激。故选D项。 话题4 运动与健康（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江苏海门中学·期中）The sun shone brightly over the playground as our school’s annual sports meeting kicked off. All students were excited—especially Jack. He had trained for months for the 1500-meter race, 1 to win the first prize and break the school 2 . When the starting gun 3 Jack rushed forward and soon took the lead. But halfway through the race, his left shoe lace suddenly came loose. He had to slow down to avoid 4 . “Just keep going—don’t stop” he 5 to himself. At that moment, Jack noticed Tim, his closest 6 , right behind him. Jack 7 , expecting Tim to speed past him and take the lead. Instead, Tim 8 stopped and shouted, “Jack, fix your shoe first! We should race fair and square!” Hearing that, Jack quickly knelt down, tied his lace, and got back on his 9 . With new energy, both boys dashed forward. In the end, Tim 10 the finish line first. Jack came in second, but he didn’t feel 11 at all. After the race, Jack walked up to Tim. “Thank you,” he said 12 . “You taught me something more important than winning.” Tim smiled. “Winning feels great, but 13 is what makes sports truly meaningful.” Indeed, the true 14 of sports isn’t just about being the fastest or the strongest. It’s about respecting others, 15 the rules, and choosing fair play. 1. A. frustrated B. determined C. thrilled D. shocked 2. A. convention B. rule C. record D. routine 3. A. fired B. exploded C. burst D. opened 4. A. pacing B. tripping C. sliding D. stamping 5. A. replied B. responded C. promised D. whispered 6. A. opponent B. partner C. teammate D. associate 7. A. cheered up B. slowed down C. tensed up D. calmed down 8. A. cautiously B. heartily C. unwillingly D. completely 9. A. lungs B. shoulders C. feet D. knees 10. A. crossed B. caught C. dragged D. escaped 11. A. delighted B. disappointed C. relieved D. panicked 12. A. hesitantly B. quietly C. sincerely D. secretly 13. A. courage B. modesty C. efficiency D. fairness 14. A. belief B. concept C. lesson D. spirit 15. A. following B. breaking C. learning D. adjusting 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. B　5. D　6. A　7. C　8. D　9. C　10. A　11. B　12. C　13. D　14. D　15. A 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。校运会上杰克参加1500米赛跑中途鞋带松开，好友蒂姆未趁机超越反而提醒他系鞋带，最终蒂姆夺冠，杰克虽获第二却领悟了体育公平竞争的真正意义。 (1)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他为这场1500米比赛进行了数月的训练，决心要赢得第一名，并打破学校的纪录。A. frustrated沮丧的；B. determined坚定的；C. thrilled激动的；D. shocked震惊的。根据后文“to win the first prize”可知，他决心赢得第一名，故选B。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为这场1500米比赛进行了数月的训练，决心要赢得第一名，并打破学校的纪录。A. convention传统；B. rule规则；C. record记录；D. routine常规。根据上文“to win the first prize and break the school”可知，他想要赢得第一名和打破学校的记录。故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：发令枪响时，杰克迅速冲了出去，很快就占据了领先位置。A. fired开火，点燃；B. exploded爆炸；C. burst爆发；D. opened打开。根据上文“the starting gun”以及后文“Jack rushed forward and soon took the lead”可知，杰克出发说明发令枪响起了，fire表示“开火”符合语境。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不得不放慢速度，以免绊倒。A. pacing踱步；B. tripping绊倒；C. sliding滑动；D. stamping踩踏。根据上文“But halfway through the race, his left shoe lace suddenly came loose.”可知，放慢速度是为了不被鞋带绊倒。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“继续前进——别停下”他轻声对自己说道。A. replied回答；B. responded反应；C. promised承诺；D. whispered低语。根据后文“to himself”可知，上文是他对自己低语说的话。故选D。 (6)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刻，杰克发现蒂姆——他最强劲的对手，正在他身后。A. opponent对手；B. partner伙伴；C. teammate队友；D. associate同事、伙伴。根据后文“expecting Tim to speed past him and take the lead”可知，蒂姆是杰克的比赛对手。故选A。 (7)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：杰克紧绷着神经，心里想着蒂姆会超越他取得领先。A. cheered up使高兴；B. slowed down减速；C. tensed up紧张；D. calmed down平静。根据后文“expecting Tim to speed past him and take the lead”可知，心里想着蒂姆会超越他取得领先，杰克紧张起来。故选C。 (8)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，蒂姆完全停了下来，大喊道：“杰克，先系好鞋带！我们应该公平竞争！”A. cautiously谨慎地；B. heartily衷心地；C. unwillingly不愿意地；D. completely完全地。根据后文“stopped and shouted”可知，蒂姆完全停了下来，开始喊话。故选D。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听到这话，杰克迅速弯下腰，系好鞋带，然后重新站了起来。A. lungs肺；B. shoulders肩膀；C. feet脚；D. knees膝盖。根据上文“Jack quickly knelt down, tied his lace, and got back on his”可知，杰克先是弯腰，然后系鞋带，最后重新站了起来。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，蒂姆率先冲过了终点线。A. crossed越过，交叉；B. caught抓住；C. dragged拖拉；D. escaped逃走。根据后文“the finish line first”可知，蒂姆率先冲过了终点线。故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰克获得了第二名，但他一点也不感到失望。A. delighted高兴的；B. disappointed失望的；C. relieved安慰的；D. panicked恐慌。根据上文“Jack came in second”以及常识，可知获得第二名应该是感到失望的心情，故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你，”他真诚地说道。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. quietly安静地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“You taught me something more important than winning.”可知，他真诚地感谢对方。故选C。 (13)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“获胜的感觉很棒，但公平性才是让体育运动真正具有意义的关键所在。”A. courage勇气；B. modesty谦虚；C. efficiency效率；D. fairness公平。根据上文“We should race fair and square!”可知，此处想强调体育运动的公平性。故选D。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，体育运动的真正精髓并不仅仅在于谁跑得最快或谁力量最强。A. belief信念；B. concept概念；C. lesson课程；D. spirit精神。根据上文“what makes sports truly meaningful”以及后文“of sports isn’t just about being the fastest or the strongest”可知，体育运动的真正精髓并不仅仅在于谁跑得最快或谁力量最强。故选D。 (15)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这关乎尊重他人、遵守规则以及选择公平竞争。A. following遵守，跟随；B. breaking打破；C. learning学习；D. adjusting调整。根据后文“the rules”指体育运动中遵守比赛规则，用follow。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰八校教联体学校·期中）This summer vacation, some of my best friends and I climbed Wudang Mountain, situated in Shiyan City of northwest Hubei Province. It was extremely challenging for me. My legs were 1 . Every muscle screamed in protest, and sweat 2 down my face. Every step felt like needles piercing my 3 . I had three blisters (水泡) on each foot. After two hours of hard climb, the trail grew steeper, making it even harder for me to 4 an inch. However, most classmates were already at the 5 , laughing and taking photos. My friends above cheered, “Come on!” I yelled, “I can’t go 6 !” They laughed. I was making my way slowly up the mountain. Suddenly, my feet 7 something. I thought it was a rock, but whatever. It slipped from under my boot and went tumbling down the mountain. I lost my 8 and fell on the ground. “Are you okay?”I heard a voice behind me. “Just tired, I’m taking a break,” I 9 , not wanting to embarrass myself. Only eight hikers were behind me now. I determined to speed up. Yana stood at the peak, waving. The sun was behind her, so I could 10 see her face, but I could feel her huge smile. “I won’t stop again,” I told myself. Yet I felt my legs 11 , and I fell once more. My lips were dry, and my lungs 12 . Still, I stood up. The mountain seemed to 13 me, but my friends’ cheers kept me going. A cool breeze 14 me, and I rushed upward. Finally, I reached the top of the mountain. The view was breathtaking. At the same time, the sense of achievement was 15 . Yana ran to hug me and said, “You made it!” The exhaustion was worth it. Wudang Mountain no longer seemed so terrible, and I felt a newfound strength in myself. 1. A. shaking B. posing C. bleeding D. freezing 2. A. expanded B. poured C. steamed D. disappeared 3. A. arms B. face C. head D. skin 4. A. resist B. move C. cast D. transform 5. A. foundation B. summit C. setting D. perspective 6. A. higher B. better C. faster D. quieter 7. A. leapt over B. bent over C. fought against D. stepped on 8. A. contrast B. signpost C. balance D. courage 9. A. lied B. ordered C. acknowledged D. persuaded 10. A. barely B. accurately C. steadily D. objectively 11. A. strengthened B. relaxed C. weakened D. stretched 12. A. healed B. recovered C. burned D. opened 13. A. side with B. leave out C. interact with D. laugh at 14. A. frightened B. refreshed C. depressed D. confused 15. A. indescribable B. undeniable C. unavailable D. inseparable 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. B　5. B　6. C　7. D　8. C　9. A　10. A　11. C　12. C　13. D　14. B　15. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和朋友们爬武当山的经历，虽然过程中困难重重，但作者最终到达山顶，感受到了成就感和新生的力量。 (1)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的双腿在颤抖。A. shaking颤抖；B. posing摆姿势；C. bleeding流血；D. freezing冷冻。根据下文“Every muscle screamed in protest”可知，作者爬山时肌肉抗议，说明双腿应是颤抖的，故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一块肌肉都在抗议，汗水顺着我的脸流了下来。A. expanded扩大；B. poured倾泻；C. steamed蒸；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“Every muscle screamed in protest”以及语境可知，此处在描述作者的汗水流下的状态，用“poured”表示汗水像水一样倾泻下来，符合语境，故选B。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一步都感觉像针在刺我的皮肤。A. arms手臂；B. face脸；C. head头；D. skin皮肤。根据上文“Every step felt like needles piercing”可知，此处描述的是针刺的感觉，结合常识，针刺应是刺在皮肤上，故选D。 (4)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过两个小时的艰难攀登，小路变得更陡峭了，这让我更难移动一英寸。A. resist抵抗；B. move移动；C. cast投掷；D. transform转变。根据上文“the trail grew steeper”可知，小路变得更陡峭，所以作者会更难移动，故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数同学已经在山顶了，笑着拍照。A. foundation基础；B. summit山顶；C. setting环境；D. perspective观点。根据下文“laughing and taking photos”以及“Yana stood at the peak, waving.”可知，同学们已经在山顶了，故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我喊道，“我不能爬得更快了！”A. higher更高的；B. better更好的；C. faster更快的；D. quieter更安静的。根据下文“I was making my way slowly up the mountain”可知，作者爬得很慢，所以此处表示作者说自己不能爬得更快了，故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：突然，我的脚踩到了什么东西。A. leapt over跳过；B. bent over弯腰；C. fought against与……作斗争；D. stepped on踩到。根据下文“It slipped from under my boot”可知，有东西从作者的靴子下滑落，说明作者踩到了什么东西，故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我失去了平衡，摔倒在地上。A. contrast对比；B. signpost路标；C. balance平衡；D. courage勇气。根据下文“fell on the ground”可知，作者摔倒了，应是失去了平衡，故选C。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我只是累了，我在休息，”我撒谎道，不想让自己难堪。A. lied撒谎；B. ordered命令；C. acknowledged承认；D. persuaded说服。根据上文“I lost my ___8___ and fell on the ground.”以及下文“not wanting to embarrass myself”可知，作者不想让自己难堪，所以撒谎说自己只是累了，故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：太阳在她身后，所以我几乎看不清她的脸，但我能感觉到她灿烂的笑容。A. barely几乎不；B. accurately准确地；C. steadily稳定地；D. objectively客观地。根据上文“The sun was behind her”以及下文“but I could feel her huge smile.”可知，太阳在她身后，所以作者几乎看不清她的脸，只能感受到她的笑容。故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我感觉我的双腿虚弱无力，我又摔倒了。A. strengthened被加强；B. relaxed放松；C. weakened被削弱；D. stretched被伸展。根据下文“I fell once more”可知，作者又摔倒了，所以此处表示作者感觉自己双腿虚弱无力，故选C。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的嘴唇干燥，肺部灼热。A. healed愈合；B. recovered恢复；C. burned灼热；D. opened打开。根据上文“After two hours of hard climb, the trail grew steeper, making it even harder for me to ___4___ an inch.”以及“My lips were dry, and my lungs”可知，作者爬山很艰难，此处表示作者体力不支，肺部灼热，故选C。 (13)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这座山似乎在嘲笑我，但我朋友们的欢呼声让我继续前进。A. side with支持；B. leave out遗漏；C. interact with互动；D. laugh at嘲笑。根据上文“After two hours of hard climb, the trail grew steeper, making it even harder for me to ___4___ an inch.”以及下文“but my friends’ cheers kept me going”可知，作者爬山艰难，此处形成转折，山似乎在嘲笑作者，但朋友们的欢呼声让作者继续前进，故选D。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一阵凉风使我恢复精力，我向上冲去。A. frightened使害怕；B. refreshed使恢复精力；C. depressed使沮丧；D. confused使困惑。根据上文“A cool breeze”以及下文“I rushed upward”可知，一阵凉风吹来，让作者恢复了精力，向上冲去，故选B。 (15)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，成就感是无法形容的。A. indescribable无法形容的；B. undeniable不可否认的；C. unavailable难以获得的；D. inseparable不可分离的。根据下文“The exhaustion was worth it”以及语境可知，虽然经历艰辛，但是作者到达山顶后，成就感应是无法形容的，故选A。 话题5 研究发现（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 1 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 2 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 3 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 4 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 5 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 6 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 7 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 8 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 9 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 10 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 11 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 12 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 13 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 14 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 15 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 1. A. instead B. therefore C. meanwhile D. besides 2. A. guides B. conclusions C. rewards D. theories 3. A. predicted B. interpreted C. encountered D. ignored 4. A. improved B. confirmed C. frustrated D. simplified 5. A. Especially B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover 6. A. success B. approach C. failure D. achievement 7. A. prediction B. observation C. intuition D. imagination 8. A. invitation B. obligation C. limitation D. repetition 9. A. policy B. education C. funding D. publication 10. A. accuracy B. curiosity C. frame D. agreement 11. A. avoid B. fear C. embrace D. document 12. A. discipline B. flexibility C. stability D. certainty 13. A. temporarily B. accidentally C. fundamentally D. typically 14. A. conceptual B. physical C. emotional D. creative 15. A. optional B. essential C. terminal D. symbolic 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. C　6. C　7. B　8. A　9. B　10. B　11. C　12. B　13. C　14. A　15. B 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文指出科学进步并非一帆风顺，失败实则是指引研究的重要向导，以相关发现为例论证观点，并强调其对科学教育的深刻启示。 (1)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：真正的科学进步往往并非一帆风顺；相反，它会沿着一条曲折的路径前行，途中会遭遇意想不到的阻碍和彻底的失败。A. instead反而；B. therefore因此；C. meanwhile同时；D. besides此外。前半句说“真正的科学进步很少是一帆风顺的”，后半句说“它沿着布满意外障碍和明确失败的曲折道路前进”，前后是转折对比关系。instead表示“反而、取而代之”，符合语境。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些看似暂时的挫折并非仅仅是简单的阻碍，它们往往能起到重要的引导作用，促使研究朝着更有前景的方向发展，并促进更深入的理解。A. guides指导；B. conclusions结论；C. rewards奖励；D. theories理论。定语从句“that re-orient research toward more promising directions(将研究重新导向更有前景的方向)”是对空格词的解释，说明这些挫折是指引方向的事物。故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当无线电天文学家阿诺·彭齐亚斯和罗伯特·威尔逊在他们的测量中首次发现持续存在的干扰信号时，他们自然而然地将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。A. predicted预测；B. interpreted解释；C. encountered遇见；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem”可知，科学家将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。短语interpret...as...意为“将…… 理解为/解释为”，故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该信号一直阻碍着他们获取纯净天文数据的努力，因此他们展开了全面的调查，以寻找可能的技术原因。A. improved改进；B. confirmed确认；C. frustrated阻碍，使沮丧；D. simplified简化。根据上文“as evidence of equipment problem”以及后文“their attempts to collect clean astronomical data”可知，这个干扰信号会阻碍他们收集清晰的天文数据，故选C。 (5)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，正是这种（干扰信号的）持续存在却促使他们开始考虑更为奇特的解释。A. Especially特别；B. Furthermore此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Moreover此外。前文说“他们尽了最大努力，干扰仍然存在”，后文说“正是这种持续存在促使他们考虑更特别的解释”，前后是转折关系，nevertheless（然而）表转折，符合语境。故选C。 (6)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初只是一个小的技术故障，最终却演变成了现代科学史上最为重大的宇宙学发现之一。A. success成功；B. approach方法；C. failure失败；D. achievement成就。根据上文“After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts.(在彻底排除了所有可能的干扰因素之后，他们面对的却是无法回避的现实：尽管他们竭尽全力，干扰现象依然持续存在)”可知，这件事最初是被当作设备故障的技术问题，属于科学研究中的失败，最终却成为重大发现。故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一历史事件揭示了科学方法中一个至关重要的原则：一项研究的真正价值往往不在于能否证实预期的结果，而在于研究人员如何应对理论与观察结果之间的差异。A. prediction预测；B. observation观察；C. intuition直觉力；D. imagination想象力。根据上文“differences between theory and”可知，科学研究中，需要对比的是理论（theory）和观测结果（observation），故选B。 (8)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当实验数据与理论预测结果完全不符时，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。A. invitation机会，契机；B. obligation义务；C. limitation限制；D. repetition重复。根据上文“the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity”可知，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些见解对于科学教育有着深远的意义。A. policy政策；B. education教育；C. funding资助；D. publication出版。后文“Traditional teaching approaches”提到“传统教学方法”，可知本段讨论的是这些洞见对科学教育的启示。故选B。 (10)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统的教学方法往往强调预先设定的目标和迅速取得成功，这种做法可能会无意中阻碍学生对科学的真正好奇心的培养。A. accuracy准确性；B. curiosity好奇心；C. frame框架；D. agreement同意。根据上文“predetermined outcomes and rapid success”可知，强调既定结果和快速成功的传统教学，可能会抑制真正的科学好奇心，而好奇心是科学探索的核心动力。故选B。 (11)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种更具哲学内涵的方法应当能够营造出这样的学习环境：它不仅能够容忍那些在真正探究过程中自然出现的失败，而且还能够积极地接纳这些失败所带来的成果。A. avoid避免；B. fear恐惧；C. embrace接受；D. document记录。根据上文“not only tolerate but actively”以及后文“the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation”可知，前文说“不仅容忍(tolerate)”，后文用but递进，应是“积极接纳有价值的失败”。故选C。 (12)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过深入思考那些出乎意料的结果，学生们能够形成系统性的理解，并具备必要的思维灵活性，从而为创新性研究打下基础。A. discipline纪律；B. flexibility灵活性；C. stability稳定性；D. certainty确实。根据上文“By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results”可知，面对意外结果时，学生需要培养的是有条理的认知和思维的灵活性，这样才能适应科学研究中的变数。故选B。 (13)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，认识到失败所具有的不可或缺的作用，从根本上改变了我们对科学进步本身的理解。A. temporarily暂时；B. accidentally意外地；C. fundamentally基础地；D. typically典型地。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”以及后文“changes our understanding of scientific progress itself”可知，承认失败的不可或缺作用，会从根本上改变我们对科学进步的理解。故选C。 (14)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最具开创性的突破往往并非源于成功，而是源于其中所揭示的思维上的矛盾冲突。A. conceptual概念的；B. physical身体的；C. emotional情感的；D. creative创造性的。根据上文“differences between theory and”以及“The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the”可知，最重大的进步往往不是不顾失败，而是因为失败揭示的概念性矛盾——即理论与观测的认知冲突。故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，对科学方法论的深刻理解要求我们不能将失败视为探究的终结，而应将其视为科学研究中一个不可或缺且具有创造性的方面。A. optional可选择的；B. essential重要的；C. terminal致命的；D. symbolic有象征意义的。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”可知，essential(必不可少的)与前文“indispensable role(不可或缺的作用)”呼应。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏盐城一中·期中）A message caught me by surprise. It came from my Ph.D. adviser as I was sitting in the lab 1 my latest experiment. He asked if I’d apply for a fellowship from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). My 2 flooded back. Two years before, I’d written a mock proposal (模拟提案) for my department’s Ph.D. qualifying exam. The result was a practical but not creative proposal, which didn’t 3 the reviewers. I failed the exam. The next day, in my adviser’s office, I tried to stay calm as we went over the 4 . They said my proposal lacked 5 . I’d heard a Ph.D. was about creating new knowledge, and I was off to a bad 6 . In the following years, I focused on my experiments, 7 new lab techniques and skills. I tried to 8 problems when experiments went wrong. I also submitted (提交) applications and got one funded. My 9 grew. So, when my adviser suggested the NIH fellowship again, I decided not to play it safe. I stopped my work and prepared a 10 proposal I’d be proud of. The past criticisms did 11 my self-doubt. But I pushed them aside and came up with a plan based on my previous work with fresh ideas. I submitted, 12 the worst. Five months later, I logged (登录) in 13 . This time, I’d made it. Though I wasn’t a(n) 14 of NIH proposals, but it showed my progress. I realized I shouldn’t just avoid negative remarks. New and exciting 15 are what move science forward. 1. A. missing out B. working on C. giving up D. putting aside 2. A. chances B. achievements C. ambitions D. memories 3. A. impress B. relax C. bother D. discourage 4. A. promises B. decisions C. challenges D. comments 5. A. liberation B. innovation C. combination D. prediction 6. A. start B. situation C. search D. traffic 7. A. rewarding B. arranging C. avoiding D. learning 8. A. face B. solve C. record D. skip 9. A. anxiety B. curiosity C. confidence D. trouble 10. A. daring B. traditional C. caring D. practical 11. A. reflect B. worsen C. question D. ease 12. A. perceiving B. witnessing C. expecting D. opposing 13. A. distantly B. gratefully C. bitterly D. nervously 14. A. master B. addict C. advocate D. failure 15. A. fellows B. works C. ideas D. exams 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. D　5. B　6. A　7. D　8. B　9. C　10. A　11. B　12. C　13. D　14. A　15. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了身为博士生的作者因早期研究提案缺乏创新而失败，但通过持续改进实验技能并勇敢提交大胆的新提案，最终成功获得NIH奖学金，战胜了自我怀疑。 (1)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它来自我的博士导师，当时我正坐在实验室里做我最新的实验。A. missing out错过；B. working on从事；C. giving up放弃；D. putting aside搁置。根据上文“I was sitting in the lab”和下文“my latest experiment”可知，作者当时正坐在实验室里从事最新实验的工作，即做自己最新的实验。故选B。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的回忆涌上心头。A. chances机会；B. achievements成就；C. ambitions抱负；D. memories回忆。根据下文“Two years before, I’d written a mock proposal (模拟提案) for my department’s Ph.D. qualifying exam.”可知，作者回想起两年前写模拟提案的经历，因此是指回忆涌上心头。故选D。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果是一个实用但没有创意的提案，没有给评论者留下深刻印象。A. impress给……留下深刻印象；B. relax放松；C. bother打扰；D. discourage使气馁。根据上文“The result was a practical but not creative proposal”可知，作者的提案实用但没有创意，因此没有给评论者留下深刻印象。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，在导师的办公室里，我们在讨论这些评论时，我试图保持冷静。A. promises承诺；B. decisions决定；C. challenges挑战；D. comments评论。根据下文“They said my proposal lacked ____5____.”可知，作者和导师在讨论资格考试的评论者给出的评论，下文的“negative remarks”也是提示。故选D。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说我的提案缺乏创新。A. liberation解放；B. innovation创新；C. combination组合；D. prediction预测。根据下文“I’d heard a Ph.D. was about creating new knowledge”可知，作者了解到读博士意味着要创造新知识，表明评论者认为作者的提案缺乏创新。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听到读博士就是要创造新知识，而我的开始很糟糕。A. start开始；B. situation情况；C. search搜索；D. traffic交通。根据上文“Two years before, I’d written a mock proposal (模拟提案) for my department’s Ph.D. qualifying exam.”和“I failed the exam.”可知，作者当时没能通过系里的博士资格考试，这是读博士经历的一个糟糕开始。故选A。 (7)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我专注于我的实验，学习新的实验技术和技能。A. rewarding奖励；B. arranging安排；C. avoiding避免；D. learning学习。根据上文“I focused on my experiments”和下文“new lab techniques and skills”可知，作者专注于实验，意味着他学习新的实验技术和技能。故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当实验出错时，我试图解决问题。A. face面对；B. solve解决；C. record记录；D. skip跳过。根据下文“when experiments went wrong”可知，身为在读博士生的作者面对实验出错，会试图解决问题。故选B。 (9)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的信心增强了。A. anxiety焦虑；B. curiosity好奇；C. confidence信心；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文“I also submitted (提交) applications and got one funded.”可知，作者提交的申请中有一项成功获得资助，因此他的信心增强了。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我停下手头的工作，准备了一个让我引以为豪的大胆提案。A. daring大胆的；B. traditional传统的；C. caring关心的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“So, when my adviser suggested the NIH fellowship again, I decided not to play it safe.”可知，这次作者决定不再谨慎行事，因此是准备了一个大胆的提案。故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去的批评确实加重了我的自我怀疑。A. reflect反映；B. worsen使变得更糟；C. question质疑；D. ease缓解。根据上文“The past criticisms”和下文“my self-doubt”可知，过去的批评会让作者的自我怀疑变得更糟，即加重了自我怀疑。故选B。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我提交了，期待着最坏的结果。A. perceiving察觉；B. witnessing目睹；C. expecting期待；D. opposing反对。根据上文“I submitted”和下文“Five months later”可知，提交提案后需要等五个月结果才出来，作者在提交时是抱着最坏的打算，即期待着最坏的结果。故选C。 (13)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：五个月后，我紧张地登录了。A. distantly遥远地；B. gratefully感激地；C. bitterly痛苦地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上文“Five months later, I logged (登录) in”可知，登录查看结果时作者的心情是紧张的。故选D。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我不是NIH提案的大师，但它显示了我的进步。A. master大师；B. addict上瘾者；C. advocate提倡者；D. failure失败。根据上文表示让步关系的“Though”和下文“but it showed my progress”可知，在提交提案申请项目的过程中，作者有所进步，前面应该指虽然他不是提案的大师。故选A。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的和令人兴奋的想法是推动科学前进的动力。A. fellows同伴；B. works作品；C. ideas想法；D. exams考试。根据上文“came up with a plan based on my previous work with fresh ideas”可知，这次作者的提案中有新想法，因此是肯定新的和令人兴奋的想法的重要性，指这是推动科学前进的动力。故选C。 话题6 环境保护（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex 1 not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is 2 worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us. “If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the 3 and we do not exist without it.” Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to 4 course. “The two greatest 5 of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently 6 more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values. That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the 7 also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, 8 the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems. The campaign also recognizes the importance of 9 local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it 10 for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies. 11 , protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would 12 catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.” “Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants 13 much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) 14 ,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are 15 protecting it.” 1. A. argument B. term C. structure D. problem 2. A. altering B. developing C. stabilizing D. worsening 3. A. ecosystem B. threat C. cycle D. procedure 4. A. affect B. change C. reverse D. continue 5. A. aspects B. causes C. consequences D. occasions 6. A. acquiring B. protecting C. exploiting D. possessing 7. A. management B. announcement C. campaign D. competition 8. A. consume B. destroy C. lose D. contain 9. A. denying B. enjoying C. ignoring D. respecting 10. A. essential B. simple C. temporary D. profitable 11. A. Besides B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise 12. A. witness B. detect C. confirm D. avoid 13. A. measure B. absorb C. survive D. prevent 14. A. mission B. decision C. option D. exploration 15. A. worried about B. confident in C. responsible for D. good at 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C　5. B　6. B　7. C　8. D　9. D　10. A　11. A　12. D　13. B　14. C　15. C 【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，号召人们采取行动保护我们赖以生存的地球。 (1)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个复杂的术语不仅指地球上令人难以置信的生命多样性，还指从基因到整个生态系统如何相互作用，从而使地球适于居住。A. argument论点；B. term术语；C. structure结构；D. problem问题。根据上一句可知，生物多样性这个概念经常被引用，但也经常被误解。这是个复杂的“术语”，故选B。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：坏消息:科学表明，全球生物多样性正在以比人类历史上任何时候都要快的速度恶化。A. altering改变；B. developing发展；C. stabilizing安定；D. worsening恶化。根据“The bad news”可知，这是一个坏消息，因此排除其他选项，选项D. worsening(恶化)符合语境，故选D。 (3)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是生态系统的一部分，没有它我们就不能生存。A. ecosystem生态系统；B. threat威胁；C. cycle循环；D. procedure程序，步骤。上文讲到，如果生物多样性消失，人类也会消失，可知，我们是生态系统(ecosystem)的一部分。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，要防止这样的灾难，首先要了解生物多样性为什么在下降，然后采取行动扭转局面。A. affect影响；B. change改变；C. reverse反转，扭转；D. continue继续。根据语境可知，我们要了解生物多样性下降的原因，并且采取措施扭转这一过程，故选C。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：生物多样性丧失的两大原因是栖息地的丧失，主要是在陆地上，以及过度开发，主要是在海洋中。A. aspects方面；B. causes原因；C. consequences结果；D. occasions场合，机会。根据句意可知，栖息地的丧失是生物多样性衰退的原因（cause）之一，故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，我们可以通过永久地保护更多的土地和海洋，并根据它们的保护价值管理它们来解决这些问题。A. acquiring获得；B. protecting保护；C. exploiting开发；D. possessing占有。根据句意，我们要“保护（protect）”土地和海洋，故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项运动并不是简单地保护地球的30%，而是鼓励各国与当地社区通力合作，关注正确的30%。A. management管理；B. announcement公告；C. campaign战役，活动；D. competition竞争，比赛。这里指“the global Campaign for Nature（全球保护自然运动）”，故选C。 (8)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，这些地区拥有最重要的生物多样性，如濒危物种和生态系统以及稀有物种和生态系统。A. consume消耗；B. destroy毁坏；C. lose丢失；D. contain包含。全球自然运动的使命是保护这些地区，是因为这些地区拥有（contain）最重要的生物多样性，故选D。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动也认识到尊重地方权利的重要性。A. denying否认；B. enjoying喜欢；C. ignoring忽略；D. respecting尊重。根据下文可知，当地人民管理或拥有土地的使用权，因此该运动认识到尊重他们的重要性，故选D。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地人民管理或拥有土地使用权，这些土地支撑着世界上约80%的生物多样性，使这些社区成为制定和执行战略的全面伙伴至关重要。A. essential必要的，必不可少的；B. simple简单的；C. temporary临时的；D. profitable有益的。根据上文，当地人民在保护生物多样性方面十分重要，全球自然运动有必要与当地社区联合行动保护多样性，选项A符合语境，故选A。 (11)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，国家地理常驻探险家Enric Sala博士说，保护关键生物多样性地区的健康对于应对气候变化至关重要。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，该句讲“保护生物多样性对于应对气候变化至关重要”，这与上文是并列关系，故选A。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sala的论文认为，与国际巴黎协定结合起来对抗气候变化，将避免灾难性的气候变化，保护物种，并确保基本的生态系统服务。A. witness目击；B. detect察觉；C. confirm确认，证实；D. avoid避免。根据句意，对抗气候变化会“避免（avoid）”灾难性的气候变化，故选D。 (13)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木、湿地、草原、泥炭沼泽、盐沼、健康的海洋生态系统、红树林和植物吸收了人类排放到大气中的大部分碳污染。A. measure衡量；B. absorb吸收；C. survive存活；D. prevent阻止。根据常识，树木“吸收（absorb）”大气中的碳，故选B。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“移居火星不是一个选择。” Sala补充说，“我们的生活和人类社会繁荣的唯一条件是在地球上。”A. mission使命；B. decision决定；C. option选项，选择；D. exploration探索。根据下文，Sala认为人类唯一得以生存和繁荣的地方就是地球，因此认为移居火星不是一个（正确的）选择。故选C。 (15)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：我们有责任保护它。A. (be) worried about担心；B. (be) confident in自信；C. (be) responsible for对…负责；D. (be) good at擅长。根据上文可知，我们有责任保护我们赖以生存的地球，故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆西南大学附中·期中）When the three women spotted an abandoned property used as a trash dumping site in Providence, USA, they agreed this ignored and 1 piece of land actually held promise. It was where their dream of a 2 farm came true. Holland and her cofounders, Doggett and Purviance 3 the 2.7-acre property, cleaned up the pollution and then created an inner-city oasis. Its name? What Cheer Flower Farm. Its mission? To 4 all the flowers they grow to people in need. “We offer products to people who deserve flowers but don’t have 5 , ” explains Purviance, “Flowers are not just for the select few who can afford them. They are a(n) 6 symbol of hope. Receiving flowers energizes everyone.” Although the three got off to a 7 start in the first growing season — planting started in May rather than in Spring — they worked around the clock and 8 to donate roughly 10,000 flowers altogether in the end. “We want to 9 the city with flowers in the future, and we are very 10 to make it work,” said Doggett. Now the farm regularly brings 11 to people at local hospitals, senior centers and more. Holland 12 remembers the first bouquet (花束) she delivered to a home-bound elderly woman. “Her face just 13 . It was as if a beacon (灯塔) of light was coming from the top of Federal Hill.” Another woman who was broke 14 them afterwards. “In the tough times of my life, even one flower could lift me up.” And that is the true 15 of a flower. 1. A. conserved B. occupied C. polluted D. cultivated 2. A. dairy B. fruit C. vegetable D. flower 3. A. purchased B. advertised C. abandoned D. inherited 4. A. give back B. give up C. give away D. give off 5. A. time B. access C. interest D. passion 6. A. luxurious B. personal C. everlasting D. universal 7. A. early B. late C. fresh D. smooth 8. A. managed B. attempted C. chanced D. intended 9. A. wrap B. surround C. spread D. cover 10. A. surprised B. thrilled C. motivated D. determined 11. A. trust B. joy C. relief D. sympathy 12. A. vividly B. faintly C. gratefully D. vaguely 13. A. hardened B. soothed C. brightened D. reddened 14. A. thanked B. comforted C. approached D. admired 15. A. beauty B. power C. mystery D. signature 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C　5. B　6. D　7. B　8. A　9. D　10. D　11. B　12. A　13. C　14. A　15. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三位女性将废弃污染土地改造成花农场，免费送花给有需要的人的故事。 (1)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这三名妇女在美国普罗维登斯发现一处被用作垃圾场的废弃土地时，她们一致认为这片被忽视和污染的土地实际上是有希望的。A. conserved保存下来的；B. occupied被占用的；C. polluted受污染的；D. cultivated栽培的。根据上文“an abandoned property used as a trash dumping site”和下文“Holland and her cofounders, Doggett and Purviance ____ the 2.7-acre property, cleaned up the pollution and then created an inner-city oasis.”可知，土地被用作垃圾场，且需要清理，应是受污染的。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她们的花农场梦想成真了。A. dairy乳制品；B. fruit水果；C. vegetable蔬菜；D. flower花。根据下文“What Cheer Flower Farm”可知，她们的梦想是开办花农场。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Holland和她的联合创始人Doggett和Purviance购买了这块2.7英亩的土地，清理了污染，然后创建了一个城市绿洲。A. purchased购买；B. advertised登广告；C. abandoned抛弃；D. inherited继承。根据下文“the 2.7-acre property, cleaned up the pollution”可知，她们应是先购买了土地，然后进行了清理和改造。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她们的使命是将他们种植的所有鲜花免费送给有需要的人。A. give back归还；B. give up放弃；C. give away赠送；D. give off发出。根据下文“We offer products to people who deserve flowers but don’t have ____ ”可知，农场要把鲜花免费送给有需要的人。故选C项。 (5)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们为那些值得拥有鲜花但却没有机会拥有它们的人提供产品。A. time时间；B. access获得……的机会；C. interest兴趣；D. passion激情。根据下文“Flowers are not just for the select few who can afford them.”和上文“people in need”可知，此处指部分人没有获取鲜花的渠道。故选B项。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们是希望的普遍象征。A. luxurious奢侈的；B. personal个人的；C. everlasting永恒的；D. universal普遍的。根据下文“Receiving flowers energizes everyone.”可知，鲜花能给每个人带来活力，所以是希望的普遍象征。故选D项。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管这三位女性在第一个生长季节起步较晚——种植从5月开始，而不是在春天——但她们夜以继日地工作，最终总共设法捐赠了大约1万朵花。A. early早的；B. late晚的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. smooth顺利的。根据破折号后“planting started in May rather than in Spring”可知，种植从5月开始，而不是在春天，所以是起步较晚。故选B项。 (8)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. managed设法做到；B. attempted尝试；C. chanced碰巧；D. intended打算。根据下文“donate roughly 10,000 flowers altogether in the end”可知，她们最终设法捐赠了大约1万朵花，managed to do“设法成功做某事”表示克服困难后成功完成。故选A项。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Doggett说：“我们希望未来用鲜花覆盖这座城市，我们非常坚定地要让这件事成功。”A. wrap包裹；B. surround围绕；C. spread传播；D. cover覆盖。根据上文“donate roughly 10,000 flowers altogether in the end”可知，她们捐赠了很多鲜花，所以是希望未来用鲜花覆盖这座城市。故选D项。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprised惊讶的；B. thrilled激动的；C. motivated有动机的；D. determined坚定的。根据上文“they worked around the clock”可知，她们夜以继日地工作，所以应是非常坚定地要让这件事成功。故选D项。 (11)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，农场经常给当地医院、老年中心等地的人们带来欢乐。A. trust信任；B. joy欢乐；C. relief宽慰；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“Receiving flowers energizes everyone.”可知，收到鲜花能给人带来活力，所以是给人们带来欢乐。故选B项。 (12)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Holland生动地记得她送给一位居家老年妇女的第一束花。A. vividly生动地；B. faintly微弱地；C. gratefully感激地；D. vaguely含糊地。根据下文“Her face just ____ . It was as if a beacon (灯塔) of light was coming from the top of Federal Hill.”可知，她对这件事记忆深刻，所以是生动地记得。故选A项。 (13)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的脸亮了起来。A. hardened变硬；B. soothed安慰；C. brightened变亮；D. reddened变红。根据下文“It was as if a beacon (灯塔) of light was coming from the top of Federal Hill.”可知，老年妇女的脸亮了起来，就像灯塔的光一样。故选C项。 (14)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一位身无分文的女人后来感谢了她们。A. thanked感谢；B. comforted安慰；C. approached接近；D. admired钦佩。根据下文“In the tough times of my life, even one flower could lift me up.”可知，这位女人在困难时期收到了鲜花，所以应是感谢她们。故选A项。 (15)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是鲜花真正的力量。A. beauty美丽；B. power力量；C. mystery神秘；D. signature签名。根据上文“In the tough times of my life, even one flower could lift me up.”可知，鲜花能在困难时期给人带来力量，所以是鲜花真正的力量。故选B项。 文章围绕“科技乐观主义的消退与对科技的悲观情绪”这一主题展开，通过对比过去与现在的科技发展及其影响，提出了对科技发展的担忧与反思，并进一步探讨了应对科技相关问题的策略。 【25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中】Faster, cheaper, better — technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, 1 is in short supply. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together. Today they are better known for 2 privacy, spreading propaganda and undermining democracy. E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy may be convenient, but they are 3 with underpaying workers, exacerbating inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies. The New York Times 4 the spreading gloom. “A mood of pessimism”, it writes, has 5 “the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.” Today’s gloomy mood is centred on smartphones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that humanity has taken a 6 wrong turn have arisen before. In the 1970s the gloom was prompted by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage and the prospect of nuclear killing. The 1920s witnessed a backlash against cars, which had earlier been seen as a miraculous 7 to the suffering of horse-drawn vehicles. Stand back, and in each of these historical cases disappointment arose from a mix of unrealized hopes and unforeseen consequences. Technology releases the forces of creative destruction, so it is only 8 that it leads to anxiety; for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes seem to 9 its benefits. When this happens with several technologies at once, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism. 10 , that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. A further danger is that Luddite (厌恶技术的人) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up 11 access to its long-term benefit — something Carl Benedict Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may prompt politicians to tax them, for example, to 12 their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer. That points to another lesson, which is that the remedy to technology-related problems very often 13 more technology. Airbags and other improvements in safety features, for example, mean that in America deaths in car accidents per billion miles travelled have fallen from around 240 in the 1920s to around 12 today. AI is being applied as part of the effort to stem the flow of extreme material on social media. Technology itself has no 14 : it is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Thus the techlash is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society comes to terms with innovations and imposes rules and policies that limit their 15 potential, accommodate change or strike a trade-off. Healthy scepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a coterie of technologists. 1. A. acceptance B. optimism C. assurance D. certainty 2. A. sharing B. protecting C. invading D. seeking 3. A. charged B. filled C. credited D. confronted 4. A. looks for B. works out C. brings about D. sums up 5. A. reinforced B. defended C. displaced D. clarified 6. A. technological B. economical C. industrial D. historical 7. A. threat B. answer C. obstacle D. challenge 8. A. abnormal B. natural C. certain D. typical 9. A. promote B. balance C. unseat D. outweigh 10. A. However B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Moreover 11. A. expanding B. denying C. securing D. criticizing 12. A. encourage B. regulate C. discourage D. accelerate 13. A. facilitates B. involves C. overlooks D. complicates 14. A. autonomy B. responsibility C. direction D. virtue 15. A. revolutionary B. innovative C. beneficial D. destructive 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D　5. C　6. A　7. B　8. B　9. D　10. A　11. B　12. C　13. B　14. A　15. D 【解析】 (1)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在21世纪20年代即将来临之际，乐观情绪却少之又少。A. acceptance接受；B. optimism乐观；C. assurance保证；D. certainty确定性。根据后文“The New York Times ____4____ the spreading gloom.”可知，《纽约时报》总结了正在蔓延的悲观情绪，所以是乐观情绪少之又少。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，他们却因为侵犯隐私、传播宣传信息和破坏民主而声名鹊起。A. sharing分享；B. protecting保护；C. invading入侵，侵犯；D. seeking寻求。根据后文“spreading propaganda and undermining democracy”可知，空处应是和“传播宣传信息”以及“破坏民主”并列，所以应是“侵犯隐私”符合语境。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：电子商务、网约车和零工经济可能很方便，但它们因向工人支付低薪、加剧不平等以及造成交通拥堵而被指责。A. charged指控，指责；B. filled充满；C. credited归因于；D. confronted面对。根据后文“underpaying workers, exacerbating inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles”可知，此处指因少付工资，加剧不平等和交通拥堵，电子商务、网约车和零工经济受到指责。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：《纽约时报》总结了正在蔓延的悲观情绪。A. looks for寻找；B. works out算出；C. brings about带来；D. sums up总结。根据后文““A mood of pessimism”, it writes, has____5____ “the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.””可知，《纽约时报》对这种悲观情绪作了总结。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：文章写道，“悲观情绪”已经取代了“科学和工业革命必然带来进步的观念”。A. reinforced加强；B. defended防御；C. displaced取代；D. clarified澄清。根据后文“the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions”可知，此处应是“悲观情绪”取代了科学进步的观念。故选C项。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，关于人类在技术上走错了路的担忧以前就出现过。A. technological科技的；B. economical经济的；C. industrial工业的；D. historical历史的。根据前文““A mood of pessimism”, it writes, has ____5____ “the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.””可知，人们担忧的是在技术上走错了路。故选A项。 (7)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：20世纪20 年代见证了对汽车的强烈抵制，在此之前，汽车被视为解决马车带来的诸多弊端的神奇良方。A. threat威胁；B. answer答案，解决办法；C. obstacle障碍；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“the suffering of horse-drawn vehicles”可知，汽车被认为是解决马车带来的问题的良好应对措施。answer“（问题的）解决办法”符合语境。故选B项。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：技术释放了创造性破坏的力量，因此它导致焦虑是很自然的；对于任何给定的技术，它的缺点有时似乎超过了它的好处。A. abnormal不正常的；B. natural自然的；C. certain确定的；D. typical典型的。根据前文“Technology releases the forces of creative destruction”可知，技术释放了创造性破坏的力量，所以导致焦虑是很自然的。故选B项。 (9)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：技术释放了创造性破坏的力量，因此它导致焦虑是很自然的；对于任何给定的技术，它的缺点有时似乎超过了它的好处。A. promote促进；B. balance平衡；C. unseat罢免；D. outweigh超过，大于。根据前文“Technology releases the forces of creative destruction”可知，技术释放了创造性破坏的力量，所以它的缺点有时似乎超过了它的好处。故选D项。 (10)题解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种悲观情绪可能有些过头了。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Moreover而且，此外。空后“that pessimism can be overdone”与上文“When this happens with several technologies at once, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism.”构成转折关系，副词however符合语境。故选A项。 (11)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个更大的危险在于，那些“卢德分子”（厌恶新技术的人）为规避新技术带来的短期成本所做的努力，最终会剥夺人们获取其长期益处的机会——牛津大学学者卡尔•本尼迪克特•弗雷称之为“技术陷阱”。A. expanding扩大；B. denying否认；C. securing保护；D. criticizing批评。根据后文“Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may prompt politicians to tax them, for example, to ____12____ their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.”可知，为避免新技术带来的短期成本，最终将剥夺其长期效益。故选B项。 (12)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们担心机器人会抢走人们的工作，这可能会促使政客们对机器人征税，以阻止它们的使用。A. encourage鼓励；B. regulate控制；C. discourage使气馁，阻止；D. accelerate加速。根据前文“Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may prompt politicians to tax them”可知，政客们对机器人征税，会阻止它们的使用。故选C项。 (13)题解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这指出了另一个教训，即解决与技术相关的问题往往需要更多的技术。A. facilitates促进；B. involves涉及，需要；C. overlooks忽视；D. complicates使复杂化。根据后文“Airbags and other improvements in safety features, for example, mean that in America deaths in car accidents per billion miles travelled have fallen from around 240 in the 1920s to around 12 today.”可知，解决与技术相关的问题往往需要更多的技术。故选B项。 (14)题解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术本身没有自主权：是人们对它做出的选择塑造了世界。A. autonomy自主，自主权；B. responsibility责任；C. direction方向；D. virtue美德。根据后文“it is the choices people make about it that shape the world.”可知，是人们选择了技术，所以技术本身没有自主权。故选A项。 (15)题解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最好的情况下，它有助于构建社会如何接受创新，并施加限制其破坏性潜力、适应变化或达成折衷的规则和政策。A. revolutionary革命性的；B. innovative创新的；C. beneficial有益的；D. destructive破坏性的。根据前文“Technology releases the forces of creative destruction”可知，是限制其破坏性潜力。故选D项。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题05 完形填空题 话题1 家庭生活 话题2 个人成长（常考点） 话题3 人与社会（常考点） 话题4 运动与健康 话题5 研究发现（难点） 话题6 环境保护（难点） 1.每一个选项的选择，是否可以在原文找到线索（逻辑词、前后复现、语境情绪） 2.整篇故事情绪是否连贯，but,however处是否语义反转 3.近义词辨析，区分单词真实用法，而不是单纯中文意思 4.全部答案代入通读一遍，有没有逻辑冲突 话题1 家庭生活（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）A father and his daughter were dramatically rescued from the ocean after an accidental fall from a cruise ship while taking pictures. The incident, 1 by many passengers, initially triggered panic but ended in collective 2 . It occurred aboard the Disney Dream as it sailed on a round trip voyage between Florida and the Bahamas. Passenger Gar Frantz, who was on deck, witnessed the child, who had been sitting on the railing for a 3 , suddenly lose her 4 and fall. “It was horrific,” he recalled. The father, demonstrating incredible instinct, jumped in without 5 to save her. The ship’s crew (全体船员), whose training quickly paid off, acted 6 . The cruise ship turned sharply to the 7 spot, while a rescue boat was launched. 8 , both individuals were located and 9 within minutes. Passenger James Tackett felt the ship lurch (突然倾斜) before hearing what had happened, “When it was officially 10 that they were safe, everyone cheered,” he said. His mother Brenda 11 the crew’s skill, noting that the entire 12 from fall to rescue was over in about fifteen minutes, a testament to their 13 . This event, which could have ended in tragedy, highlights the 14 of safety drills. The father’s selfless love and the crew’s competence served as a powerful 15 that courage and preparation make all the difference. 1. A. caused B. spotted C. ignored D. reported 2. A. relief B. silence C. despair D. excitement 3. A. view B. rest C. photo D. game 4. A. memory B. balance C. way D. patience 5. A. warning B. reason C. doubt D. hesitation 6. A. nervously B. carefully C. bravely D. instantly 7. A. original B. specific C. safe D. central 8. A. Thankfully B. Surprisingly C. Obviously D. Gradually 9.A. put to use B. taken under control C. pulled to safety D. brought into question 10. A. found B. evaluated C. announced D. comforted 11. A. observed B. directed C. questioned D. praised 12. A. process B. action C. show D. wait 13. A. kindness B. effect C. luck D. preparation 14. A. cost B. importance C. tradition D. method 15. A. reminder B. rule C. story D. suggestion Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆第十一中学校教育集团·期中）“There is no way I can live out of a suitcase!” I thought as we 1 our home in Venice, Italy. At fourteen years old, I couldn’t imagine 2 my friends, school, and all my “stuff” behind to 3 the world full-time with my family. At the time, we were all going in different 4 — my sister and I focused on school and were rarely home and my parents focused on work. It felt like my family never saw each other even though we lived under the same 5 . That was when my mom 6 dropping everything to travel the world. At that time, it seemed so 7 . Although I absolutely loved the idea of traveling the world 8 , I couldn’t picture giving up a home full of stuff. That was over two years, thirty-eight countries, and four continents ago! During that time, we have 9 how little we really need to be happy. As we travel now, we barely carry anything with us except essential things. After buying new clothes, we give some of our old ones away to people 10 and it makes us so happy to be able to 11 wherever we can. Without all the distractions that we used to have, we have become 12 as a family! We now know that 13 and memories are the most valuable things in life and that they can only be 14 when we let go of our need for possessions and focus on what really 15 in life — enjoying our lives with the people we love. 1. A. cleaned up B. took up C. used up D. packed up 2. A. visiting B. finding C. leaving D. missing 3. A. escape B. unite C. travel D. change 4. A. property B. directions C. cultures D. topics 5. A. roof B. rules C. sky D. pressures 6. A. fancied B. proposed C. admitted D. denied 7. A. crazy B. funny C. serious D. awkward 8. A. safely B. freely C. leisurely D. hurriedly 9. A. forgotten B. wondered C. realized D. believed 10. A. by chance B. on purpose C. as usual D. in need 11. A. give back B. explore C. set out D. relax 12. A. happier B. closer C. colder D. further 13. A. friendships B. health C. courage D. experiences 14. A. obtained B. noticed C. offered D. developed 15. A. works B. happens C. matters D. helps 话题2 个人成长（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆九校联盟·期中）When I was fourteen, I was going through one of the lowest points in my life. 1 with anxiety, loneliness, and a lack of self-worth, I often hid my 2 , convinced that no one would truly appreciate them. Those were the years when I 3 myself most and avoided 4 at all costs. In Sweden, where I live, woodworking is part of our school curriculum. I had put much 5 into making a wooden box, shaping every edge with care and patience. When the project was finally complete, I felt quietly 6 , but also nervous for others to see it. 7 , I would have hidden my work from others, but this time, the box was too large for my bag. Carrying it in my hands made me feel 8 , and I worried that others would 9 me in a negative way. As I was putting on my jacket, I heard a girl whisper to her friend, “That box looks really 10 .” Her voice was calm, genuine, and kind. Those few words felt like sunlight 11 clouds. Consequently, that simple comment 12 me. From then on, I decided to not try to hide my project and I just felt so good about myself. I began to share my art with 13 instead of fear. That girl probably never knew how much her words 14 to me. Her simple, kind word truly helped me believe in myself. Never underestimate (低估) the power of a kind word — it can 15 someone’s world. 1. A. Annoyed B. Associating C. Struggling D. Bored 2. A. talents B. secrets C. feelings D. thoughts 3. A. ignored B. hated C. criticized D. doubted 4. A. attention B. friends C. mistakes D. school 5. A. love B. effort C. money D. idea 6. A. comfortable B. tired C. joyful D. proud 7. A. Occasionally B. Usually C. Regularly D. Unfortunately 8. A. exposed B. embarrassed C. nervous D. dissatisfied 9. A. admire B. blame C. judge D. praise 10. A. strange B. neat C. expensive D. cool 11. A. coming across B. breaking through C. hiding behind D. setting aside 12. A. reminded B. surprised C. changed D. upset 13. A. confidence B. friends C. excitement D. classmates 14. A. appealed B. meant C. proved D. revealed 15. A. decorate B. assist C. brighten D. determine Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州大学附中·期中）Muniba Mazari, often known as the “Iron Lady of Pakistan”, is a true inspiration for countless people around the world. Muniba’s life took a dramatic turn when she was involved in a car accident which left her paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist down. At the young age of 21, she found herself 1 in a wheelchair, confronting a future that was 2 from the one she had once dreamed of. Then, Muniba made an important decision. She refused to let her disability 3 her identity. 4 , she embraced her new reality with incredible strength. She discovered a passion for art and began to paint using her mouth, 5 remarkable talent. Through her artwork, she found a channel to express her emotions and inspire others. 6 , Muniba’s resilience (回弹力，适应能力) extended far beyond the canvas. She 7 a motivational speaker, sharing her story of victory over adversity with global audiences. She encouraged others to 8 their challenges and pursue their dreams. In addition to her artistic and speaking 9 , Muniba achieved another milestone. She became Pakistan’s first female Goodwill Ambassador (亲善大使) for UN Women, 10 for gender equality and women’s rights. Her work aimed to empower women and girls, urging them to break societal limits. Muniba’s story serves as a beacon (灯塔) of hope. It proves that disability is not a(n) 11 to achieving greatness. Through her journey, she has taught millions the importance of self-love and the 12 power of the human spirit. Her life reminds us that 13 challenges we face, with toughness and a strong will, we can overcome adversity. Muniba doesn’t just talk about 14 ; she lives it every day. Her entire story 15 the core message that our limitations do not have to limit our lives. 1. A. seated B. trapped C. resting D. laid 2. A. separate B. hidden C. distant D. free 3. A. devote B. describe C. define D. disagree 4. A. Consequently B. Besides C. Finally D. Instead 5. A. possessing B. creating C. discovering D. showing 6. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Somehow 7. A. turned into B. looked into C. ran into D. came into 8. A. come across B. spring up C. rise to D. throw in 9. A. pursuit B. exercise C. plans D. movement 10. A. advocating B. searching C. applying D. allowing 11. A. error B. barrier C. career D. debt 12. A. suitable B. realistic C. limitless D. precise 13. A. whatever B. whenever C. however D. wherever 14. A. success B. determination C. freedom D. equality 15. A. ignores B. questions C. employs D. delivers 话题3 人与社会（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中）In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress, changing how we work, live, and connect. Today, AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans; it can now act 1 , completing tasks and making decisions. This shift marks the beginning of a “digital labor revolution.” AI agents, powered by machine learning, can generate text, compose music, and design images. These agents can work on their own, 2 with other AI systems, or assist humans. Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks, AI agents have the potential to perform 3 jobs, increasing productivity across industries. AI-driven automation has the power to transform economies. By taking over repetitive and routine tasks, AI allows workers to focus on creative and 4 activities. This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation. In fact, AI-driven productivity increased by 2.2% in the third quarter of 2024. However, the rise of AI also raises 5 . As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality. Historically, though, technological advancements have created more jobs than they have 6 . In 1950, 43 million Americans had jobs; by 2020, that number had risen to 152 million. The key to managing this transition is education — training people to work alongside AI and developing new 7 . AI’s impact goes beyond business. It can be used to expand opportunities for education and career development. For example, the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to 8 students with college applications. This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive 9 . Similarly, AI is improving the job application process. The Adecco Group, a global human resources company, now uses AI to quickly 10 job seekers with employers. This reduces waiting times and helps more people find 11 employment. The future of AI depends on how we use it. If applied responsibly, AI can improve efficiency, create opportunities, and 12 human potential. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility, and 13 . Standing at the edge of this new era, we must embrace AI with 14 . Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide. The key is to balance innovation with 15 , ensuring that AI serves humanity in the best possible way. 1. A. independently B. passively C. randomly D. temporarily 2. A. argue B. compare C. compete D. cooperate 3. A. boring B. complex C. dangerous D. simple 4. A. physical B. repetitive C. daily D. strategic 5. A. benefits B. concerns C. hopes D. difficulties 6. A. created B. eliminated C. ignored D. lost 7. A. challenges B. industries C. problems D. theories 8. A. assist B. confuse C. discourage D. replace 9. A. criticism B. guidance C. pressure D. rejection 10. A. compare B. compete C. match D. separate 11. A. part-time B. temporary C. stressful D. suitable 12. A. develop B. limit C. ignore D. waste 13. A. competition B. cost C. safety D. speed 14. A. confidence B. doubt C. fear D. hesitation 15. A. profit B. benefit C. responsibility D. tradition Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆渝东九校·期中）“You’ve lost 60% of your 1 in your right ear and it’s permanent.” “What?!” I 2 at the doctor. So he repeated himself, louder this time. He thought I couldn’t hear him, but I had. I was just in 3 . How had this happened? How am I supposed to live my life with one ear? I 4 crying. Right before Thanksgiving, I thought that I 5 a minor head cold. No pain, No cough. It just made my right ear feel as if it was underwater. I told people to “talk to my 6 ear.” I figured it would recover on its own 7 . It didn’t. One month went 8 , then two, and I still couldn’t hear well, but I didn’t get it 9 . It wasn’t until the end of January, when I went to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor for an unrelated 10 , that I thought to mention it. As soon as I did, the doctor looked at me in alarm and told me to make an 11 for a hearing test the next day. After much 12 , I was diagnosed with SSHL, a medical term for “I suddenly lost my hearing for no apparent reason.” A month later, I was 13 with my new hearing aid. I hadn’t realized how much I was 14 with my damaged hearing until the moment it was given back to me. I burst into happy tears. I was so 15 for all the medical professionals and technology that gave me back my hearing. 1. A. sight B. taste C. hearing D. smell 2. A. smiled B. stared C. laughed D. glanced 3. A. shock B. danger C. style D. detail 4. A. break out B. give out C. burst out D. run out 5. A. came B. left C. gave D. got 6. A. bad B. good C. rich D. poor 7. A. gradually B. generally C. sincerely D. approximately 8. A. over B. through C. on D. by 9. A. checked out B. lifted up C. looked into D. brought about 10. A. routine B. issue C. route D. initiative 11. A. adjustment B. improvement C. announcement D. appointment 12. A. testing B. crying C. texting D. shouting 13. A. associated B. decorated C. equipped D. loaded 14. A. enjoying B. struggling C. interacting D. settling 15. A. responsible B. appropriate C. anxious D. grateful 话题4 运动与健康（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江苏海门中学·期中）The sun shone brightly over the playground as our school’s annual sports meeting kicked off. All students were excited—especially Jack. He had trained for months for the 1500-meter race, 1 to win the first prize and break the school 2 . When the starting gun 3 Jack rushed forward and soon took the lead. But halfway through the race, his left shoe lace suddenly came loose. He had to slow down to avoid 4 . “Just keep going—don’t stop” he 5 to himself. At that moment, Jack noticed Tim, his closest 6 , right behind him. Jack 7 , expecting Tim to speed past him and take the lead. Instead, Tim 8 stopped and shouted, “Jack, fix your shoe first! We should race fair and square!” Hearing that, Jack quickly knelt down, tied his lace, and got back on his 9 . With new energy, both boys dashed forward. In the end, Tim 10 the finish line first. Jack came in second, but he didn’t feel 11 at all. After the race, Jack walked up to Tim. “Thank you,” he said 12 . “You taught me something more important than winning.” Tim smiled. “Winning feels great, but 13 is what makes sports truly meaningful.” Indeed, the true 14 of sports isn’t just about being the fastest or the strongest. It’s about respecting others, 15 the rules, and choosing fair play. 1. A. frustrated B. determined C. thrilled D. shocked 2. A. convention B. rule C. record D. routine 3. A. fired B. exploded C. burst D. opened 4. A. pacing B. tripping C. sliding D. stamping 5. A. replied B. responded C. promised D. whispered 6. A. opponent B. partner C. teammate D. associate 7. A. cheered up B. slowed down C. tensed up D. calmed down 8. A. cautiously B. heartily C. unwillingly D. completely 9. A. lungs B. shoulders C. feet D. knees 10. A. crossed B. caught C. dragged D. escaped 11. A. delighted B. disappointed C. relieved D. panicked 12. A. hesitantly B. quietly C. sincerely D. secretly 13. A. courage B. modesty C. efficiency D. fairness 14. A. belief B. concept C. lesson D. spirit 15. A. following B. breaking C. learning D. adjusting Passage 2 （25-26高二上·湖北十堰八校教联体学校·期中）This summer vacation, some of my best friends and I climbed Wudang Mountain, situated in Shiyan City of northwest Hubei Province. It was extremely challenging for me. My legs were 1 . Every muscle screamed in protest, and sweat 2 down my face. Every step felt like needles piercing my 3 . I had three blisters (水泡) on each foot. After two hours of hard climb, the trail grew steeper, making it even harder for me to 4 an inch. However, most classmates were already at the 5 , laughing and taking photos. My friends above cheered, “Come on!” I yelled, “I can’t go 6 !” They laughed. I was making my way slowly up the mountain. Suddenly, my feet 7 something. I thought it was a rock, but whatever. It slipped from under my boot and went tumbling down the mountain. I lost my 8 and fell on the ground. “Are you okay?”I heard a voice behind me. “Just tired, I’m taking a break,” I 9 , not wanting to embarrass myself. Only eight hikers were behind me now. I determined to speed up. Yana stood at the peak, waving. The sun was behind her, so I could 10 see her face, but I could feel her huge smile. “I won’t stop again,” I told myself. Yet I felt my legs 11 , and I fell once more. My lips were dry, and my lungs 12 . Still, I stood up. The mountain seemed to 13 me, but my friends’ cheers kept me going. A cool breeze 14 me, and I rushed upward. Finally, I reached the top of the mountain. The view was breathtaking. At the same time, the sense of achievement was 15 . Yana ran to hug me and said, “You made it!” The exhaustion was worth it. Wudang Mountain no longer seemed so terrible, and I felt a newfound strength in myself. 1. A. shaking B. posing C. bleeding D. freezing 2. A. expanded B. poured C. steamed D. disappeared 3. A. arms B. face C. head D. skin 4. A. resist B. move C. cast D. transform 5. A. foundation B. summit C. setting D. perspective 6. A. higher B. better C. faster D. quieter 7. A. leapt over B. bent over C. fought against D. stepped on 8. A. contrast B. signpost C. balance D. courage 9. A. lied B. ordered C. acknowledged D. persuaded 10. A. barely B. accurately C. steadily D. objectively 11. A. strengthened B. relaxed C. weakened D. stretched 12. A. healed B. recovered C. burned D. opened 13. A. side with B. leave out C. interact with D. laugh at 14. A. frightened B. refreshed C. depressed D. confused 15. A. indescribable B. undeniable C. unavailable D. inseparable 话题5 研究发现（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 1 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 2 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 3 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 4 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 5 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 6 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 7 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 8 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 9 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 10 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 11 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 12 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 13 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 14 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 15 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 1. A. instead B. therefore C. meanwhile D. besides 2. A. guides B. conclusions C. rewards D. theories 3. A. predicted B. interpreted C. encountered D. ignored 4. A. improved B. confirmed C. frustrated D. simplified 5. A. Especially B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover 6. A. success B. approach C. failure D. achievement 7. A. prediction B. observation C. intuition D. imagination 8. A. invitation B. obligation C. limitation D. repetition 9. A. policy B. education C. funding D. publication 10. A. accuracy B. curiosity C. frame D. agreement 11. A. avoid B. fear C. embrace D. document 12. A. discipline B. flexibility C. stability D. certainty 13. A. temporarily B. accidentally C. fundamentally D. typically 14. A. conceptual B. physical C. emotional D. creative 15. A. optional B. essential C. terminal D. symbolic Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏盐城一中·期中）A message caught me by surprise. It came from my Ph.D. adviser as I was sitting in the lab 1 my latest experiment. He asked if I’d apply for a fellowship from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). My 2 flooded back. Two years before, I’d written a mock proposal (模拟提案) for my department’s Ph.D. qualifying exam. The result was a practical but not creative proposal, which didn’t 3 the reviewers. I failed the exam. The next day, in my adviser’s office, I tried to stay calm as we went over the 4 . They said my proposal lacked 5 . I’d heard a Ph.D. was about creating new knowledge, and I was off to a bad 6 . In the following years, I focused on my experiments, 7 new lab techniques and skills. I tried to 8 problems when experiments went wrong. I also submitted (提交) applications and got one funded. My 9 grew. So, when my adviser suggested the NIH fellowship again, I decided not to play it safe. I stopped my work and prepared a 10 proposal I’d be proud of. The past criticisms did 11 my self-doubt. But I pushed them aside and came up with a plan based on my previous work with fresh ideas. I submitted, 12 the worst. Five months later, I logged (登录) in 13 . This time, I’d made it. Though I wasn’t a(n) 14 of NIH proposals, but it showed my progress. I realized I shouldn’t just avoid negative remarks. New and exciting 15 are what move science forward. 1. A. missing out B. working on C. giving up D. putting aside 2. A. chances B. achievements C. ambitions D. memories 3. A. impress B. relax C. bother D. discourage 4. A. promises B. decisions C. challenges D. comments 5. A. liberation B. innovation C. combination D. prediction 6. A. start B. situation C. search D. traffic 7. A. rewarding B. arranging C. avoiding D. learning 8. A. face B. solve C. record D. skip 9. A. anxiety B. curiosity C. confidence D. trouble 10. A. daring B. traditional C. caring D. practical 11. A. reflect B. worsen C. question D. ease 12. A. perceiving B. witnessing C. expecting D. opposing 13. A. distantly B. gratefully C. bitterly D. nervously 14. A. master B. addict C. advocate D. failure 15. A. fellows B. works C. ideas D. exams 话题6 环境保护（共2篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex 1 not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is 2 worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us. “If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the 3 and we do not exist without it.” Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to 4 course. “The two greatest 5 of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently 6 more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values. That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the 7 also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, 8 the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems. The campaign also recognizes the importance of 9 local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it 10 for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies. 11 , protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would 12 catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.” “Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants 13 much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) 14 ,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are 15 protecting it.” 1. A. argument B. term C. structure D. problem 2. A. altering B. developing C. stabilizing D. worsening 3. A. ecosystem B. threat C. cycle D. procedure 4. A. affect B. change C. reverse D. continue 5. A. aspects B. causes C. consequences D. occasions 6. A. acquiring B. protecting C. exploiting D. possessing 7. A. management B. announcement C. campaign D. competition 8. A. consume B. destroy C. lose D. contain 9. A. denying B. enjoying C. ignoring D. respecting 10. A. essential B. simple C. temporary D. profitable 11. A. Besides B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise 12. A. witness B. detect C. confirm D. avoid 13. A. measure B. absorb C. survive D. prevent 14. A. mission B. decision C. option D. exploration 15. A. worried about B. confident in C. responsible for D. good at Passage 2 （25-26高二上·重庆西南大学附中·期中）When the three women spotted an abandoned property used as a trash dumping site in Providence, USA, they agreed this ignored and 1 piece of land actually held promise. It was where their dream of a 2 farm came true. Holland and her cofounders, Doggett and Purviance 3 the 2.7-acre property, cleaned up the pollution and then created an inner-city oasis. Its name? What Cheer Flower Farm. Its mission? To 4 all the flowers they grow to people in need. “We offer products to people who deserve flowers but don’t have 5 , ” explains Purviance, “Flowers are not just for the select few who can afford them. They are a(n) 6 symbol of hope. Receiving flowers energizes everyone.” Although the three got off to a 7 start in the first growing season — planting started in May rather than in Spring — they worked around the clock and 8 to donate roughly 10,000 flowers altogether in the end. “We want to 9 the city with flowers in the future, and we are very 10 to make it work,” said Doggett. Now the farm regularly brings 11 to people at local hospitals, senior centers and more. Holland 12 remembers the first bouquet (花束) she delivered to a home-bound elderly woman. “Her face just 13 . It was as if a beacon (灯塔) of light was coming from the top of Federal Hill.” Another woman who was broke 14 them afterwards. “In the tough times of my life, even one flower could lift me up.” And that is the true 15 of a flower. 1. A. conserved B. occupied C. polluted D. cultivated 2. A. dairy B. fruit C. vegetable D. flower 3. A. purchased B. advertised C. abandoned D. inherited 4. A. give back B. give up C. give away D. give off 5. A. time B. access C. interest D. passion 6. A. luxurious B. personal C. everlasting D. universal 7. A. early B. late C. fresh D. smooth 8. A. managed B. attempted C. chanced D. intended 9. A. wrap B. surround C. spread D. cover 10. A. surprised B. thrilled C. motivated D. determined 11. A. trust B. joy C. relief D. sympathy 12. A. vividly B. faintly C. gratefully D. vaguely 13. A. hardened B. soothed C. brightened D. reddened 14. A. thanked B. comforted C. approached D. admired 15. A. beauty B. power C. mystery D. signature 文章围绕“科技乐观主义的消退与对科技的悲观情绪”这一主题展开，通过对比过去与现在的科技发展及其影响，提出了对科技发展的担忧与反思，并进一步探讨了应对科技相关问题的策略。 【25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中】Faster, cheaper, better — technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, 1 is in short supply. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together. Today they are better known for 2 privacy, spreading propaganda and undermining democracy. E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy may be convenient, but they are 3 with underpaying workers, exacerbating inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies. The New York Times 4 the spreading gloom. “A mood of pessimism”, it writes, has 5 “the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.” Today’s gloomy mood is centred on smartphones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that humanity has taken a 6 wrong turn have arisen before. In the 1970s the gloom was prompted by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage and the prospect of nuclear killing. The 1920s witnessed a backlash against cars, which had earlier been seen as a miraculous 7 to the suffering of horse-drawn vehicles. Stand back, and in each of these historical cases disappointment arose from a mix of unrealized hopes and unforeseen consequences. Technology releases the forces of creative destruction, so it is only 8 that it leads to anxiety; for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes seem to 9 its benefits. When this happens with several technologies at once, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism. 10 , that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. A further danger is that Luddite (厌恶技术的人) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up 11 access to its long-term benefit — something Carl Benedict Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may prompt politicians to tax them, for example, to 12 their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer. That points to another lesson, which is that the remedy to technology-related problems very often 13 more technology. Airbags and other improvements in safety features, for example, mean that in America deaths in car accidents per billion miles travelled have fallen from around 240 in the 1920s to around 12 today. AI is being applied as part of the effort to stem the flow of extreme material on social media. Technology itself has no 14 : it is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Thus the techlash is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society comes to terms with innovations and imposes rules and policies that limit their 15 potential, accommodate change or strike a trade-off. Healthy scepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a coterie of technologists. 1. A. acceptance B. optimism C. assurance D. certainty 2. A. sharing B. protecting C. invading D. seeking 3. A. charged B. filled C. credited D. confronted 4. A. looks for B. works out C. brings about D. sums up 5. A. reinforced B. defended C. displaced D. clarified 6. A. technological B. economical C. industrial D. historical 7. A. threat B. answer C. obstacle D. challenge 8. A. abnormal B. natural C. certain D. typical 9. A. promote B. balance C. unseat D. outweigh 10. A. However B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Moreover 11. A. expanding B. denying C. securing D. criticizing 12. A. encourage B. regulate C. discourage D. accelerate 13. A. facilitates B. involves C. overlooks D. complicates 14. A. autonomy B. responsibility C. direction D. virtue 15. A. revolutionary B. innovative C. beneficial D. destructive 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $