Unit 5 Starting out & Understanding ideas-【通成学典·拔尖特训】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语（外研版·新教材）

Unit 5 Play by the rules? Starting out Understanding ideas 强基础 “答案与解析”见D20 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。 1.There is a small library (在…的对面)our classroom,and we often read books there after school. 2.We should save water and paper every day to (减少)waste and protect our environment. 3.易错题The bus driver always cares about the (乘客)safety and drives carefully on the road. 4.You can see a big (on the wall,and it tells us not to run in the classroom. 5.Good (will help you leave a good impression on teachers. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.-I bought several (packet)of cookies for our trip.They are cheap and delicious. That's nice.I'm sure we will enjoy them on the way. 2.The rubbish makes the room (smell).Let's take it out right now. 3.-Is there (something)I can do for you before the exam? No,thanks.I have prepared well and I feel confident. 4.It's our (responsible)to protect the environment and help others. 5. (honest)is a good quality.We should always tell the truth. -I agree.Being honest helps us win trust from friends and teachers. 三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，有一个多余。 noisy foolish station spread kick picnic seat messy flowerpot cheese clear sb.'s throat 1.We plan to have a in the park this weekend and enjoy the sunshine together. 2.Please don't make too much in the library so that others can read quietly. 3.It's dangerous to the desk when you are in the classroom. 4.We should give our to the old or disabled people on the bus to show our kindness. 5.Don't laugh at others or call them a because everyone should be respected. 6.Before you speak in class,you can to make your voice clear. 7.My mother will meet me at the bus after I finish my school trip tomorrow. 8.Be careful not to knock over the or the flowers and soil will fall down. 9.We should clean our room in time and not leave it in a every day. 10.The news of the victory quickly throughout the city,and people were very excited. 73 拔尖特训·英语（外研版）八年级上 四、单项选择 1.-Be careful when you get on the bus.Don't forget to take care of your things. OK,I will.And I will also help the other A.passengers B.workers C.drivers D.teachers 2.Don't make so much The baby is sleeping. A.noise B.voice C.sound D.shout 3.We should wash our hands often to stop the of germs(细菌).Germs can make us sick if they get into our bodies. A.seed B.speed C.stage D.spread 4.-The government is encouraging people to use public transportation more often. -That's a good idea.If more people take buses or subways,there will be fewer cars on the road,and it can really pollution. A.receive B.reduce C.record D.remain 5.-My parents have taught me the value of since I was young. -Your parents are very wise.It is the foundation()of a good relationship. A.heat B.housework C.honesty D.instruction 五、阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Usually schools and teachers set the class rules for students.But a school in Wuhan recently tried 1. different way.This year,the rules of Class 12,Grade 7 in the school have been made by the students 2. (they). On the 3. (one)day of the new term,the teacher allowed his students to make their own classroom rules,and asked each student to give a list of rules to help make their class a good learning environment.The whole class 4. (share)and discussed the lists.Later they added or took out some rules.The rule-making activity lasted about a month.5. (final), the class had 30 rules. Then,rule-makers were asked to sign (the rule list-they promised 6. (follow)the rules.A poster with all the rules was put up beside the blackboard. Most of the rules are about what students should do."No cellphone calls or text messages in class."and "Don't be 7.(noise)in the classroom."are two examples.But there are also some for teachers.“No lessons should overrun(超时).”is one rule..Also some rules are strict 8. the students who break the rules.If a person is late for class more than three 9. (time),he or she will lose the chance to be an honor student. Students say the rules work well in the classroom."We are the rule-makers,10. we have to obey the rules that we agree to,"said one of the students. 74 Unit 5 Play by the rules? 过语法 “答案与解析”见D20 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Scientists have great responsibility to use their knowledge (make)the world a better place. 2.We put up signs in the park so as (ask)people to keep the environment clean. 3.-The dog hasn't eaten anything since yesterday Maybe it's not feeling well.Let's take it to the vet (see)what's wrong. 4.We clean our classroom carefully every day in order (create)a good learning environment. 二、单项选择。 1.-Why do you get up so early every day? more time for reading. A.Get B.To get C.Getting D.Got 2.My brother practises basketball hard a basketball star. A.become B.to become C.becomes D.became 3.We students always do morning exercises every day at school healthy. A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.keeps 4. our students healthy,military training()has become a tradition in China. A.Making B.Makes C.Make D.To make 三、阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 The influence of parents is very important to the growth of children.Something I learnt from both my parents was the 1. (important)of having respect for other people.I remember one day when we were travelling on a bus and I sat down while other people were 2. (stand).My mother told me 3. (get)up."You have young legs and you don't need to sit down,"she said.At the time I felt embarrassed about being told off 4. public,but now I understand.And it really makes me angry if I see children don't offer their 5. (seat)to people who need help on a bus. In my family my father often told us to pay much attention to table manners.For example,we couldn't start our meal 6. the oldest person had started.We had to say "thank you" when our food was served,and eat everything on our plates before we could leave the table.We weren't allowed to make any 7. (noise)when eating. 8 my upbringing(was perhaps a bit strict,I'm very 9. (thank)to my parents for giving me a clear direction in life.Even though I was sometimes punished,I think it has made me a better person.In my view,children need clear rules 10. (learn)how to get on with other people.And they should know they are not the center of the world. 75 拔尖特训·英语（外研版）八年级上 刷语篇 “答案与解析”见D20 一、补全对话（有两项多余）。 主题群：历史、社会与文化 子主题：规则意义 语篇类型：对话 词数：126 难度：★★☆ A:Hi,Tom.Everywhere we go,there are rules.Have you ever thought about why rules are important? B:1. Like traffic rules,they help prevent accidents on the road.What about you? A:You're right!Rules also help keep order in society.For example,school rules make sure everyone can study in a good environment.2. B:Yes,many rules have changed a lot.3. A:True.Take environmental rules as an example.To reduce the environmental problems,more and more strict rules are made to protect our planet. B:Rules change to fit the development of society. A:Yeah.4. And they keep changing to meet the needs of different times. B:I agree.5. A:Certainly!Rules guide us to a better future. A.I'm not sure about that. B.Well,I think rules keep us safe. C.Rules can't keep up with the times.D.And new problems need new rules. E.Have you noticed the changes of rules? F.Rules are really important for our life and society. G.We should follow the rules and also understand why they change. 二、阅读理解 主题群：历史、社会与文化 子主题：规侧作用 语篇类型：说明文 词数：217 难度：★★★ When you want to ask your teacher a question during class,what do you do?Do you simply shout out your question as soon as it enters your mind?Or do you raise your hand and wait until the teacher calls your name? If you politely raise your hand first,it's probably because your teacher has a rule that regulates (what you are allowed to do when you have a question.Can you imagine what it would be like if everyone could simply talk whenever they wanted during class?Instead of a peaceful learning environment,.a classroom without rules would be chaotic(混乱的)！ When you learn to drive,you'll realize how many rules you have to follow.The rules for driving share a common purpose with many rules you must follow in your daily life to keep you safe.As an ancient Chinese saying goes,"No rules,no standards.If you make a list of the rules you follow each day,you will quickly realize how many of them can keep you safe and make your life more enjoyable. Although sometimes you feel like the rule is unjust(不公平的)，don't break it.Instead,decide what you can do to change the rule.Working within the rules to change the rules is what you need to do. 76 Unit 5 Play by the rules? l.创新考法行文方式How does the writer start the passage? A.By giving examples. B.By describing a situation. C.By asking some questions D.By providing some materials. 2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A吃一堑，长一智。 B.不人虎穴，焉得虎子。 C.有则改之，无则加勉 D.没有规矩，不成方圆。 3.What is the best title of the passage? A.The ways of making rules B.The importance of rules C.Why rules can influence our lives D.How students should act in school 三、任务型阅读。 主题群：生活与学习 子主题：身心健康 语篇类型：说明文 词数：264 难度：★★☆ Playgrounds offer kids fresh air and exercise.However,each year,more than 200,000 kids go to hospital because they are hurt in one way or another when playing in the playgrounds.So what can we do to improve the situation? We should make sure the playground is safe for the children.It should be soft and thick enough,so when the children fall,they won't get hurt too much.Things like water,rocks or broken glass might cause danger to the kids.Cleaners should check the playground from time to time and clear away these dangerous things.In fact,children also need to help keep the playground clean and safe.That means each time after playing they should pick up the rubbish()they've produced.If someone finds there is something wrong with the facilities(),he or she should report it to the keeper of the playground,so people will come to fix it. Teaching kids how to play safely is also very important.If they know the rules of the playground,they won't get hurt easily.For example,they should never push when others are on seesaws or swings.If someone is going to jump off some equipment,he or she should first look down to make sure no other kids are in the way.Of course,maybe it is also helpful to wear the right clothes.Clothes with strings()can get caught on equipment,which may hurt the kid badly. In short,our kids can both enjoy themselves and be safe if we are working together to improve the situation. 使用具有适当含义和语法规则的单词来完成句子（每空一词），并完成最后一小题。 1.Playgrounds fresh air and exercise to kids.However,over thousand kids are hurt every year while playing in the playgrounds. 2.If the playground is and enough,the children won't get hurt too much when they fall. 3.Children should the rubbish they've produced after playing. 4.Teachers should teach children to play in a way in the playground.Wearing the right may also be of some help to keep safe. 5.What can kids do if we work together? 77Unit 5 Play Starting out Understanding ideas 强基础 -1.opposite 2.reduce 3.passengers' 易错分析 (1)passenger错误原因：只想到“乘客”对应的单词，没 注意此处需要表示“乘客的”安全，要用所有格。 (2)passengers错误原因：知道用复数，但忘记加'表示 所属关系，语法不对。 (3)passenger's错误原因：用了单数所有格，但公交车乘 客通常是多人，要用复数所有格。 (4)passengeres'错误原因：复数拼写错误，先把 passenger变复数passengers,再加所有格。 4.sign 5.behaviour 1.packets 2.smelly 3.anything 4.responsibility 5.Honesty 三、1.picnic2.noise3.kick4.seats5.fool 6.clear your throat 7.station 8.flowerpot 9.mess 10.spread 四、1.A根据语境可知，这里说的是在公交车上，“我”还 会帮助其他乘客。 2.A根据后句“The baby is sleeping.”可知，此处是说不 要制造太多噪声。 知识拓展 sound、voice、.noise和shout都和“声音”有关： sound泛指一切声源发出的声音，常考搭配是hear a sound,情感中性； oice专指人说话、唱歌的嗓音，常用搭配是“in a..voice”,情感中性； noise指噪声，强调吵闹，常考搭配是make noise,情 感偏负面 shout是人的喊叫，常用搭配是shout at,/tosb.,情 感多为激动或生气。 3.D根据We should wash our hands often以及“Germs D by the rules? can make us sick if they get into our bodies..”可知，洗手是 为了阻止细菌的传播 4.B根据语境可知，如果更多的人乘坐公共汽车或地铁， 路上的汽车就会减少，它能真正地减少污染。 5.C根据“It is the foundation of a good relationship.”可 知，此处说的是父母从小就教导“我”诚实的价值 1.a 2.themselves 3.first 4.shared 5.Finally 6.to follow 7.noisy 8.with 9.times 10.so 过语法 -1.to make 2.to ask 3.to see 4.to create 二、1.B句意：—你为什么每天起这么早？—为了 得到更多读书的时间。动词不定式todo作目的状语，表 示“为了”。 2.B句意：我哥哥努力练习篮球，为了成为一名篮球明 星。此处用to become作目的状语，表示练习篮球的目的。 3.B分析句子可知，学生们在学校做早操是为了保持健 康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。 4.D句意：为了让我们的学生健康，军训在中国已经成为 传统。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。 三、1.importance2.standing3.to get 4.in 5.seats 6.until 7.noise 8.Although/Though 9.thankful 10.to learn 刷语篇 -、1~5.BEDFG 二、1.C推理判断题。根据第一段“When you want to ask your teacher a question during class,what do you do? Do you simply shout out your question as soon as it enters your mind?Or do you raise your hand and wait until the teacher calls your name?”可知，作者是通过提出一些问题 来开篇的。 2.D推理判断题。根据“When you learn to drive., follow in your daily life to keep you safe.”可知，此处通过 交通规则来说明没有规则就没有安全的保障，再结合画线 句“No rules,no standards..”中的rules可知，这个谚语和 制定规则相关，所以D项符合题意。 20 3.B标题概括题。通篇文章讨论规则的重要性，从各个 方面阐明规则的意义，因此最佳标题为“The importance of rules”。 三、1.ofer;200由第一段中“Playgrounds offer kids fresh air and exercise...more than 200,000 kids..." 答案。 2.soft;thick由第二段中“It should be soft and thick enough,so when the children fall,they won't get hurt too much.”可知答案。 3.pick up由第二段中each time after playing they should pick up the rubbish they've produced可知答案。 4.safe;clothes由第三段中“Teaching kids how to play safely is also very important.it is also helpful to wear the right clothes可知答案。in a safe way以安全的方式。 5.Kids can not only enjoy themselves but also be safe. 由最后一段可知答案 Developing ideas Presenting ideas 强基础 -1.passport 2.click 3.cyberbullying 4.address 5.trusted 二、1.lawyer2.citizen 易错分析 (1)错填：city。错误原因：只看括号内的单词，完全不看 句子意思和逻辑。句子主语是I(人)，不可能是“作为一 个中国城市”。 (2)错填：cities。错误原因：以为是考名词复数，既不懂 词义，也不看前面的单词a(一个)。a后面必须用单数， 意思依然错误，cities表示“多个城市”。 (3)错填：citys(拼写错误)。错误原因：想把city变复 数，但拼写错误，且句意完全不通。 3.personal 4.careless 5.enemies 三、A1.private2.urgent3.law4.limit5.to get in touch with B 1.aware of 2.basic 3.avoid 4.cheat 5.behaving D 易错分析 (1)错填：behave。错因：动词原形不能作主语，且一个 句于不能有两个动词(behave十has). (2)错填：to behave。错因：todo可以作主语，且通常带 有目的性或未实现性，此处表示抽象道理、普遍现象，考 试中更标准、更常用的是doing。 (3)错填：behaved。.错因：过去分词不能作主语，这里没 有被动含义。 四、1.C他经常通过讲一些编造的故事骗走他妹妹的糖 果。cheat sb.out of sth.骗取某人某物。 2.A未经允许看别人的私人信件是不礼貌的。后面举例 说不应该打开妹妹的私人信件。private意为“私人的”。 3.B不要在作业上如此粗心。你应该仔细检查它。 careless意为“粗心的”。 4.C固定搭配be aware of表示“意识到”。 5.C avoid后只能接doing,即avoid doing sth.避免做 某事。 1.are the basic rules you need to know to 2.don't tell others your address,phone number or school name 3.don't tell them to anyone 4.meet online friends alone without your parents'5.be careful with;Think twice 六、1.more2.f3.first4.wrong 5.break 6.worst 7.trousers 8.to wear 9.message 10.mean 刷语篇 一、1.A上文提到“Every school has rules for students to foow.”可知，这里说的是一些学生把规则看作是老师控 制他们的一种方式。 2.B根据they're unhappy and even可知，这里是更强烈 的负面情绪，angry符合语境。 3.D根据下文“For some of them,life was really hard.” 以及对古代学生情况的描述可知，这里是说想想古代的 学生。 4.C根据and had the right to punish the students以及 "Often,the stricter a teacher was,the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher.”可知，在过去，人们 认为老师必须非常严格。 21