真题重组卷（上海专用）高二英语上学期期中模拟卷

2026-2027学年高二上学期期中真题重组卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A （25-26高二上·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Robotaxi Revolution In San Francisco and Shenzhen, the future is already here. Between April and June Waymo, an American firm, conducted 2. 2m robotaxi trips in California — five times as many as in the same period in 2024. Over the same three months Baidu, a Chinese tech giant, provided 2. 2m trips across 16 mostly Chinese cities. That is exciting for residents of those places. 1 private cars, robotaxis can be in near-continuous use; the more popular they become, the more they will free up space and make urban life more comfortable. 2 (have) fewer accidents than human drivers, they are almost certainly saving lives. Yet in many places 3 regulation is a roadblock to self-driving taxis, city residents have less to celebrate. In New York, the use of autonomous vehicles in paid for-hire services is prohibited. City councilors in Boston have proposed a law that would require a “human-safety operator” in each car. In Germany robocabs must be monitored by a human at all times. Some policy makers worry robotaxis could crash into pedestrians or oncoming traffic and 4 they will displace human workers, who must be protected. However, 5 of these justifications holds water. Consider safety first. Regulators are right to require that new technology 6 (test) . But the evidence so far is encouraging. A study by Waymo and Swiss Re, a insurer, finds that Waymo robotaxis 7 (involve) in 88% fewer property-damage claims and 92% fewer injury claims per mile than humans. Other firms may struggle 8 (match) those numbers, and the vehicles have so far been let loose in “easy” cities. Still, the figures suggest that robotaxis will make roads safer. Regulators in the West could follow China and make it easier to run pilot projects. What about the job-killing effects? In San Francisco robotaxis are replacing private cars rather than manned taxis. Although robotaxis have sprung up, demand for ordinary cabs has held up, perhaps because they are sometimes more available. Human drivers are most useful at peak demand, 9 fares are highest. Even with skillful regulation, robotaxis would not be everywhere. The challenge of making them commercially sustainable would remain. Each Waymo car, with all its sensors and the latest software, is said to cost around $150, 000; mapping and testing 10 be expensive. Remove regulatory roadblocks and firms could at least have the chance to expand their operations, improve the technology and bring down costs — while more consumers enjoy the ride. 【答案】 1．Unlike 2．Having 3．where 4．that 5．neither 6．should be tested/be tested 7．are involved 8．to match 9．when 10．can 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了无人驾驶出租车的发展现状、面临的监管挑战以及对其安全性和就业影响的评估。 【详解】1．考查介词。句意：与私家车不同，无人驾驶出租车几乎可以连续使用；它们越受欢迎，就越能释放空间，让城市生活更加舒适。根据“robotaxis can be in near-continuous use; the more popular they become, the more they will free up space”可知，无人驾驶出租车与私家车在空间占用和使用方式上形成对比，无人驾驶出租车与私家车不同，应用介词unlike，意为“与……不同”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unlike。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们发生的事故比人类司机少，几乎肯定能拯救生命。“(have) fewer accidents than human drivers”作原因状语，have(有)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Having。 3．考查定语从句。句意：然而，在许多监管成为自动驾驶出租车障碍的地方，城市居民没什么可庆祝的。“__3__ regulation is a roadblock to self-driving taxis”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词many places，关系词将其代入定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：一些政策制定者担心机器人出租车会撞上行人或迎面而来的车辆，还担心它们会取代人类工人，必须保护人类工人。“__4__ they will displace human workers, who must be protected”是并列宾语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，用连词that引导该从句，且不能省略。故填that。 5．考查代词。句意：然而，这些理由都站不住脚。根据后文“Consider safety first.”和“What about the job-killing effects?”可知，作者将分别驳斥上文提到的“安全问题”和“就业问题”这两个理由，即“没有哪一个理由是站得住脚的”，应用否定词neither(两者都不)。故填neither。 6．考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：监管机构要求对新技术进行测试是正确的。require意为“要求”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”，test(测试)是从句谓语动词，与主语new technology之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即(should) be tested。故填(should) be tested。 7．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：Waymo和瑞士再保险公司的一项研究发现，Waymo无人驾驶出租车每英里的财产损失索赔比人类少88%，人身伤害索赔少92%。find后的宾语从句描述研究发现的事实，应用一般现在时态，谓语动词involve(牵涉，涉及)与主语Waymo robotaxis之间是被动关系(车辆被牵涉进事故中)，故谓语用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是复数名词，谓语用复数形式are involved。故填are involved。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：其他公司可能很难达到这些数字，而且这些车辆迄今为止只在“容易”的城市中行驶。struggle to do sth.是固定短语，意为“努力做某事，挣扎着做某事”。故填to match。 9．考查定语从句。句意：人类司机在需求高峰时最有用，此时票价最高。“__9__ fares are highest”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词peak demand，关系词将其代入定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 10．考查情态动词。句意：每辆Waymo汽车，包括所有传感器和最新软件，据说成本约为15万美元；绘图和测试可能很昂贵。根据上文“Each Waymo car, with all its sensors and the latest software, is said to cost around $150, 000”描述当前高成本的事实，由此推知，绘图和测试“可能”也很昂贵，应用情态动词can表示“可能”。故填can。 Section B （25-26高二上·上海静安·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．revealed   B．consumption   C． complexities   D．sought-after   E. priced   F. lottery G. performance   H. adorable   I. functional   J. unchecked   K. necessities Beijing-based Pop Mart estimated that its third-quarter revenue increased by 120 to 125 percent in a business update. Analysts said the 11 of China’s leading blind box toy retailer had “far exceeded market expectations”. Pop Mart has millions of young fans who may not earn a lot but seem generous spenders on small toys that offer them emotional and social value. Products like blind box toys, odd accessories and decorative items have become highly 12 , especially among young people. Such items, often not necessarily 13 , serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression. The blind box economy is based on the sale of products in packaging that hides the item’s appearance or specific design, creating a sense of mystery that is only 14 on opening. There is also a 15 element of possibly acquiring a rare item with a higher potential resale value. A small Pop Mart blind box is normally 16 between 69 and 79 yuan (US$9.70 to US$11) and larger ones can sell for several thousand yuan. Cao Zuo, a university student in Shanghai who is a fan of Pop Mart’s toys, said that people who continue to buy blind boxes are “paying for love” as they contain “ 17 ” products that “provide a kind of mental satisfaction”. In this sense, China’s Gen Z are seeking solace through “emotional consumption”. “Young people also tend to be impulse buyers with 18 spending habits and dare to take unknown risks,” she said. Mo Daiqing, a senior analyst at the China E-Commerce Research Centre, said despite their relatively high prices, such items are still affordable to most people because they are not frequently consumed daily 19 . “People are also focusing more on the shopping experience, which some of the brands, such as Jellycat, do quite well, making consumers feel happy and relaxed,” she added. In fact, such toys sold in blind boxes are not only targeted at children, but adults as well. Maybe Labubu can offer a retreat into an illusion of childhood simplicity, to escape the 20 that overwhelm our adult world. In a moment of global markets and mass production, maybe the fantasy of limited availability substitutes for creativity or specialness. 【答案】 11．G 12．D 13．I 14．A 15．F 16．E 17．H 18．J 19．K 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文分析中国盲盒玩具市场。Pop Mart营收增长，盲盒因其情感价值受欢迎。文章探讨其消费特点、心理满足及对成人的吸引力，认为其提供情感寄托，有别于日常消费。 【详解】11．考查名词。句意：分析人士表示，中国领先的盲盒玩具零售商的表现“远远超出了市场预期”。根据前文“Beijing-based Pop Mart estimated that its third-quarter revenue increased by 120 to 125 percent in a business update.(总部位于北京的泡泡玛特估计，其第三季度收入在业务更新中增长了120%至125%。)”可知，泡泡玛特第三季度的收入增长幅度很大，所以此处表示分析人士认为泡泡玛特的表现“远远超出了市场预期”，设空处使用名词作主语，performance意为“表现”，为不可数名词。故选G。 12．考查形容词。句意：盲盒玩具、奇形怪状的配饰和装饰品等产品变得非常受欢迎，尤其是在年轻人中。根据后文“Such items, often not necessarily  ____3____ , serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression. (这类物品通常不一定具有实用性，但可以作为安慰、娱乐或自我表达的来源。)”以及常识可知，盲盒玩具、奇形怪状的配饰和装饰品等产品很受年轻人欢迎，设空处使用形容词作表语，sought-after意为“受欢迎的”，符合句意。故选D。 13．考查形容词。句意：这类物品通常不一定具有实用性，但可以作为安慰、娱乐或自我表达的来源。根据后文“serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression(可以作为安慰、娱乐或自我表达的来源)”可知，这类物品不一定具有实用性，设空处使用形容词修饰前文的“物品”，functional意为“实用的”，符合句意。故选I。 14．考查动词时态和语态。句意：盲盒经济是基于销售包装隐藏物品外观或特定设计的产品，创造了一种只有在打开时才能揭开的神秘感。根据前文“creating a sense of mystery(创造了一种神秘感)”以及后文“on opening(在打开时)”可知，这种神秘感在打开包装时才会被揭开，设空处使用动词过去分词与前文的is作that引导定语从句的谓语，reveal意为“揭开，揭露”，此处使用过去分词，与前文构成一般现在时的被动语态，符合句意。故选A。 15．考查名词。句意：还有一种可能获得具有更高潜在转售价值的稀有物品的彩票元素。根据后文“possibly acquiring a rare item with a higher potential resale value(可能获得具有更高潜在转售价值的稀有物品)”可知，购买盲盒还有一种类似彩票中奖的元素，设空处使用名词作定语，lottery意为“彩票”，符合句意。故选F。 16．考查动词时态和语态。句意：一个小型的泡泡玛特盲盒通常定价在69元到79元(9.70美元到11美元)之间，大型的盲盒可以卖到几千元。根据后文“between 69 and 79 yuan(69元到79元之间)”可知，此处表示小型泡泡玛特盲盒的定价，设空处使用动词过去分词与前文的is构成一般现在时的被动语态，作谓语，priced意为“定价”，符合句意。故选E。 17．考查形容词。句意：上海大学生曹佐是泡泡玛特玩具的粉丝，她说，继续购买盲盒的人是在“为爱买单”，因为盲盒里装着“可爱”的产品，“提供了一种精神上的满足”。根据后文“provide a kind of mental satisfaction(提供了一种精神上的满足)”可知，盲盒里的产品很可爱，设空处使用形容词作定语，adorable意为“可爱的”，符合句意。故选H。 18．考查形容词。句意：她说：“年轻人也倾向于冲动购物，消费习惯不受约束，敢于承担未知的风险。”根据后文“dare to take unknown risks(敢于承担未知的风险)”可知，年轻人的消费习惯不受约束，设空处使用形容词作定语，unchecked意为“不受约束的”，符合句意。故选J。 19．考查名词。句意：中国电子商务研究中心高级分析师莫岱青表示，尽管这些商品的价格相对较高，但由于它们不是日常必需品，大多数人仍然买得起。根据前文“such items are still affordable to most people(大多数人仍然买得起这些商品)”以及后文“not frequently consumed(不经常被消费)”可知，这些商品不是日常必需品，所以大多数人仍然买得起，设空处使用名词作宾语，necessities意为“必需品”，符合句意。故选K。 20．考查名词。句意：也许拉布布可以提供一个退回到童年简单幻想的避难所，以逃避成年世界的复杂性。根据前文“an illusion of childhood simplicity(童年简单的幻想)”以及后文“overwhelm our adult world(压倒我们的成人世界)”可知，此处表示逃避成年世界的复杂性，设空处使用名词作宾语，complexities意为“复杂性”，符合句意。故选C。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A （25-26高二上·上海徐汇·期中）The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 21 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 22 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 23 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 24 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 25 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 26 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 27 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 28 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 29 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 30 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 31 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 32 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 33 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 34 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 35 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 21．A．instead B．therefore C．meanwhile D．besides 22．A．guides B．conclusions C．rewards D．theories 23．A．predicted B．interpreted C．encountered D．ignored 24．A．improved B．confirmed C．frustrated D．simplified 25．A．Especially B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Moreover 26．A．success B．approach C．failure D．achievement 27．A．prediction B．observation C．intuition D．imagination 28．A．invitation B．obligation C．limitation D．repetition 29．A．policy B．education C．funding D．publication 30．A．accuracy B．curiosity C．frame D．agreement 31．A．avoid B．fear C．embrace D．document 32．A．discipline B．flexibility C．stability D．certainty 33．A．temporarily B．accidentally C．fundamentally D．typically 34．A．conceptual B．physical C．emotional D．creative 35．A．optional B．essential C．terminal D．symbolic 【答案】 21．A 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文指出科学进步并非一帆风顺，失败实则是指引研究的重要向导，以相关发现为例论证观点，并强调其对科学教育的深刻启示。 【详解】21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：真正的科学进步往往并非一帆风顺；相反，它会沿着一条曲折的路径前行，途中会遭遇意想不到的阻碍和彻底的失败。A. instead反而；B. therefore因此；C. meanwhile同时；D. besides此外。前半句说“真正的科学进步很少是一帆风顺的”，后半句说“它沿着布满意外障碍和明确失败的曲折道路前进”，前后是转折对比关系。instead表示“反而、取而代之”，符合语境。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些看似暂时的挫折并非仅仅是简单的阻碍，它们往往能起到重要的引导作用，促使研究朝着更有前景的方向发展，并促进更深入的理解。A. guides指导；B. conclusions结论；C. rewards奖励；D. theories理论。定语从句“that re-orient research toward more promising directions(将研究重新导向更有前景的方向)”是对空格词的解释，说明这些挫折是指引方向的事物。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当无线电天文学家阿诺·彭齐亚斯和罗伯特·威尔逊在他们的测量中首次发现持续存在的干扰信号时，他们自然而然地将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。A. predicted预测；B. interpreted解释；C. encountered遇见；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem”可知，科学家将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。短语interpret...as...意为“将…… 理解为/解释为”，故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该信号一直阻碍着他们获取纯净天文数据的努力，因此他们展开了全面的调查，以寻找可能的技术原因。A. improved改进；B. confirmed确认；C. frustrated阻碍，使沮丧；D. simplified简化。根据上文“as evidence of equipment problem”以及后文“their attempts to collect clean astronomical data”可知，这个干扰信号会阻碍他们收集清晰的天文数据，故选C。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，正是这种（干扰信号的）持续存在却促使他们开始考虑更为奇特的解释。A. Especially特别；B. Furthermore此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Moreover此外。前文说“他们尽了最大努力，干扰仍然存在”，后文说“正是这种持续存在促使他们考虑更特别的解释”，前后是转折关系，nevertheless（然而）表转折，符合语境。故选C。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初只是一个小的技术故障，最终却演变成了现代科学史上最为重大的宇宙学发现之一。A. success成功；B. approach方法；C. failure失败；D. achievement成就。根据上文“After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts.(在彻底排除了所有可能的干扰因素之后，他们面对的却是无法回避的现实：尽管他们竭尽全力，干扰现象依然持续存在)”可知，这件事最初是被当作设备故障的技术问题，属于科学研究中的失败，最终却成为重大发现。故选C。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一历史事件揭示了科学方法中一个至关重要的原则：一项研究的真正价值往往不在于能否证实预期的结果，而在于研究人员如何应对理论与观察结果之间的差异。A. prediction预测；B. observation观察；C. intuition直觉力；D. imagination想象力。根据上文“differences between theory and”可知，科学研究中，需要对比的是理论（theory）和观测结果（observation），故选B。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当实验数据与理论预测结果完全不符时，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。A. invitation机会，契机；B. obligation义务；C. limitation限制；D. repetition重复。根据上文“the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity”可知，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。故选A。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些见解对于科学教育有着深远的意义。A. policy政策；B. education教育；C. funding资助；D. publication出版。后文“Traditional teaching approaches”提到“传统教学方法”，可知本段讨论的是这些洞见对科学教育的启示。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统的教学方法往往强调预先设定的目标和迅速取得成功，这种做法可能会无意中阻碍学生对科学的真正好奇心的培养。A. accuracy准确性；B. curiosity好奇心；C. frame框架；D. agreement同意。根据上文“predetermined outcomes and rapid success”可知，强调既定结果和快速成功的传统教学，可能会抑制真正的科学好奇心，而好奇心是科学探索的核心动力。故选B。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种更具哲学内涵的方法应当能够营造出这样的学习环境：它不仅能够容忍那些在真正探究过程中自然出现的失败，而且还能够积极地接纳这些失败所带来的成果。A. avoid避免；B. fear恐惧；C. embrace接受；D. document记录。根据上文“not only tolerate but actively”以及后文“the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation”可知，前文说“不仅容忍(tolerate)”，后文用but递进，应是“积极接纳有价值的失败”。故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过深入思考那些出乎意料的结果，学生们能够形成系统性的理解，并具备必要的思维灵活性，从而为创新性研究打下基础。A. discipline纪律；B. flexibility灵活性；C. stability稳定性；D. certainty确实。根据上文“By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results”可知，面对意外结果时，学生需要培养的是有条理的认知和思维的灵活性，这样才能适应科学研究中的变数。故选B。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，认识到失败所具有的不可或缺的作用，从根本上改变了我们对科学进步本身的理解。A. temporarily暂时；B. accidentally意外地；C. fundamentally基础地；D. typically典型地。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”以及后文“changes our understanding of scientific progress itself”可知，承认失败的不可或缺作用，会从根本上改变我们对科学进步的理解。故选C。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最具开创性的突破往往并非源于成功，而是源于其中所揭示的思维上的矛盾冲突。A. conceptual概念的；B. physical身体的；C. emotional情感的；D. creative创造性的。根据上文“differences between theory and”以及“The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the”可知，最重大的进步往往不是不顾失败，而是因为失败揭示的概念性矛盾——即理论与观测的认知冲突。故选A。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，对科学方法论的深刻理解要求我们不能将失败视为探究的终结，而应将其视为科学研究中一个不可或缺且具有创造性的方面。A. optional可选择的；B. essential重要的；C. terminal致命的；D. symbolic有象征意义的。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”可知，essential(必不可少的)与前文“indispensable role(不可或缺的作用)”呼应。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A （25-26高二上·上海静安·期中）As a little girl, a significant part of my childhood was spent in my grandma’s country kitchen. An old stove anchored one side of the room, and her sparkling counter tops (台板) were always tidy, topped only by a simple bread box. Yet, the most treasured possession in that entire space was her recipe box. A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive (倾斜的花体字). Her small dinner table provided the perfect stage for her glorious fresh-fruit pies — strawberry, blueberry, apple, cherry. Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty “S” for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. I remember asking her once why she went through the extra trouble of making the “S”. She smiled gently and said, “When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love.” That tiny, warm kitchen was the undeniable heart of our family, the gathering place for every Sunday dinner and holiday celebration. But it was far more than just a place for preparing meals. It was the sacred space where she connected our family’s past to the present, teaching me about my roots and heritage through the stories behind each dish she lovingly prepared. The kitchen was also where I shared my secrets with her. After the baking was done and the scent of warm pastry hung in the air, she would sit with me, and over a glass of milk, I would pour out my heart about school, friends, and my dreams for the future. Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. I pull out the treasured recipe box and bake the same desserts. And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual: I cut two slices of pie, pour a cup of black coffee for her and a glass of milk for myself. Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance. 36．Which of the following statements is true about the recipes in the grandmother’s box? A．They were written by different family members. B．They were mainly for everyday meals. C．They were organized into different categories. D．They were copied from a famous cookbook. 37．The word “demonstrable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．obvious B．hidden C．proud D．unusual 38．What can be inferred about the grandma’s character from the passage? A．She was ambitious and sought public recognition for her baking. B．She was traditional and believed in strict family rules. C．She expressed her love and pride through actions rather than words. D．She was resistant to change and held onto past traditions stubbornly. 39．What is the main purpose of the author’s “little ritual” at Thanksgiving now? A．To prove that she is as good a baker as her grandma. B．To keep her grandma’s kitchen traditions a secret. C．To teach her own children about family recipes. D．To remember and feel connected to her grandma. 【答案】36．C 37．A 38．C 39．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过回忆祖母的食谱盒和厨房时光，讲述了祖母通过烘焙和陪伴传递关爱与家庭传统的故事，以及作者如何延续这份爱与记忆。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive. (我的祖母是一位出色的烘焙师，她珍视这个朴素的木盒，里面装满了备受喜爱且秘不外传的家庭食谱。 它们被分成不同的类别——馅饼、蛋糕、饼干、面包——全部用她独特的倾斜花体字书写。)”可知，祖母盒子里的食谱是分门别类整理的。故选C。 37．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. (这是我那位安静而自信的祖母曾经展现出的唯一一个……骄傲的标志。)”，结合上文“Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty ‘S’ for her last name, Shipman. (每个金色的馅饼酥皮上都装饰着一个漂亮的‘S’，代表她的姓，希普曼。)”可知，祖母在每个馅饼酥皮上都装饰上代表她姓氏的字母“S”，这是她唯一外在的、可见的展示自豪感的行为。因此可推知“demonstrable”意为“明显的，显而易见的”。A选项“obvious(明显的)”与之意思最接近。故选A。 38．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty ‘S’ for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. (每个金色的馅饼酥皮上都装饰着一个漂亮的‘S’，代表她的姓，希普曼。这是我那位安静而自信的祖母曾经展现出的唯一一个明显的骄傲的标志。)”及祖母说的“When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love .(当你把自己的名字放在某样东西上时，我亲爱的，你就是在承诺它是用心和爱制作的。)”可以推断， 祖母性格沉稳，不轻易用语言表达情感，而是通过制作美食、刻名字等行动传递爱与骄傲 。C选项“她通过行动而非言语来表达她的爱和自豪”符合题意。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. (现在，每到感恩节，我都会延续这个传统。)”，“And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual (做完之后，我还会进行我们的小仪式)”及“Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance.(然后，我在自己的厨房餐桌旁坐下，告诉祖母我生活中的一切，让这种联系跨越时间和距离依然保持活力。)”可知，作者在感恩节延续这个“小仪式”的目的是为了纪念祖母，并感觉与她保持着联系。D选项“为了回忆和感受和她祖母的联系”符合题意。故选D。 B （25-26高二上·上海徐汇·期中）The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek is a charming adventure that showcases the breathtaking beauty of the Annapurna region in Nepal. This trek combines the renowned circuit with a visit to Tilicho Lake, one of the highest lakes in the world, offering an adventure through stunning landscapes and cultural treasures. Major Attractions of Annapurna Tilicho Lake Trek A major highlight is the climb to Tilicho Lake (4,919 meters), a pure alpine oasis situated among towering peaks. The trail also leads to the sacred Muktinath Temple (3,710 meters), a site of deep significance for both Hindus and Buddhists. The journey peaks in the exciting crossing of Thorong La Pass (5,416 meters), the highest pass in the world. Along the way, trekkers are treated to stunning views of snow-capped peaks, glacial lakes, and diverse terrain. Trekking Difficulty and Fitness Requirement The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty. You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily. Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness. The trail includes steep ascents and descents, and crossing glacial streams. While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary. Best Time for Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The trek is best experienced during either the spring (March to May) or the autumn (September to November). Both seasons offer favorable weather, clear skies, and stunning views. Spring features vibrant rhododendron (杜鹃花) blooms, while autumn boasts stable weather and golden leaves. Despite its challenges, the rewards are immeasurable. From the warmth of Nepalese hospitality in teahouses to the profound sense of achievement, this trek offers an unforgettable journey of adventure and discovery in the heart of the Himalayas. We offer opportunities to customize your trip! Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour, other adventure activities, or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek. Feel free to contact us. (Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays, weather conditions, or natural disasters. In such cases, we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek. Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.) 40．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of the trek? A．Crossing glacial streams. B．Adapting to high altitudes. C．Technical climbing requirements. D．Long daily walking hours. 41．What can be concluded about the Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek from the passage? A．It is a suitable trek for people of all fitness levels. B．It focuses more on scenery than cultural experiences. C．It requires both physical preparedness and mental flexibility. D．It is most dangerous during the cold winter seasons. 42．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote and celebrate the unique culture of Nepal. B．To attract tourists to join a trek in the Annapurna region. C．To analyze the geography and ecosystems of Tilicho Lake. D．To warn about the safety risks of high-altitude trekking. 【答案】40．C 41．C 42．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍尼泊尔安纳布尔纳环线徒步旅行的景点、难度、最佳时间等，兼具介绍与推广目的。 【详解】40．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty. You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily. Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness. The trail includes steep ascents and descents, and crossing glacial streams. While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.(这段徒步旅行的难度为中等至具挑战性。你必须具备良好的体能耐力，才能每天在崎岖的地形中行走5到8小时。适应高海拔对于减少高原反应至关重要。路线包括陡峭的上坡和下坡，以及穿越冰川溪流。虽然不需要专业的攀岩技能，但先前的徒步旅行经验和足够的体能是必要的)”可知，徒步旅行的挑战包括每天长时间行走、适应高海拔、穿越冰川溪流，未提及需要专业攀岩技能。故选C项。 41．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary.(虽然不需要专业的攀岩技能，但先前的徒步旅行经验和足够的体能是必要的)”及最后一段中的“Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays, weather conditions, or natural disasters. In such cases, we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek. Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.(请理解，由于航班延误、天气状况或自然灾害等不可预见的情况，我们的旅行计划可能需要调整。在这种情况下，我们将努力寻找最佳的替代解决方案，以确保您有一个安全和愉快的徒步旅行。在这段时间里，我们非常感谢你的合作和灵活性)”可推断，该徒步旅行既需要身体上的准备，也需要游客在计划调整时保持心态灵活。故选C项。 42．推理判断题。根据第一段介绍徒步旅行的魅力、中间段落介绍景点、难度、最佳时间，以及最后一段中的“We offer opportunities to customize your trip! Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour, other adventure activities, or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek. Feel free to contact us.(我们提供定制旅行的机会！考虑在徒步旅行前后增加加德满都观光游、其他冒险活动或尼泊尔周边的一日游。欢迎随时与我们联系)”可知，文章核心目的是吸引游客参加安纳布尔纳地区的徒步旅行。故选B项。 C （25-26高二上·上海·期中）On holiday, many will find themselves in places where they do not speak the language. Once upon a time, they might have carried a phrasebook. The rise of English has made that less necessary. But most people — at least seven of the world’s eight billion — still do not speak English. That leaves options like pantomime, a willingness to be surprised by what arrives at dinner — or, increasingly, technology. More and more people are using simple, free tools, not only to decode text but also to speak. With these apps’ conversation mode, you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard moments later; the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours. You may still get a surprise or two. Google Translate may be the best-known name in machine translation, but it often blunders. Take“my wife is gluten-free,” the kind of thing you might say at a restaurant abroad. In French or Italian, Google Translate renders this as“my wife is without gluten”—true to the words rather than the meaning. DeepL, a rival, does better, offering various options, most of them along the correct lines. The best tool may not be a translation app at all. Though not marketed for the purpose, ChatGPT, a generative AI system that churns out prose according to users’ prompts, is multilingual. Rather than entering an exact text to translate, users can tell ChatGPT to “write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu, but that she is gluten-free, so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.” And out pops a perfect paragraph, including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say “my wife is gluten-free”: mi esposa es celíaca. It is a paraphrase rather than a translation, more like having a native-speaking dinner companion than an automated interpreter. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a polyglot (通晓多门语言的人), has argued that something profound will vanish when people talk through machines. He describes giving a halting, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end. Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbonara without incident (and sometimes without gluten). As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool, people will split into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement, as they might with extreme endurance sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” 43．According to the passage, what is a key advantage of ChatGPT over dedicated translation apps like Google Translate? A．It can process and translate spoken dialogue in real-time. B．It is specifically marketed and designed for travel purposes. C．It supports a significantly wider array of languages than its competitors. D．It understands and conveys the intent behind a request, not just the words. 44．What can be inferred from Douglas Hofstadter’s analogy of “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest”? A．The goal of language learning, like climbing a mountain, should be the practical outcome rather than the process itself. B．People who use AI for communication will eventually develop a dependency on it, similar to relying on transportation. C．The core meaning of a difficult achievement lies in the personal struggle and effort, which is devalued by using AI tools. D．AI translation, like a helicopter, is a technological marvel that makes challenging goals achievable for a wider range of people. 45．Which of the following best describes the author’s likely view on the future impact of AI translation? A．It will transform language acquisition from a practical skill into an intellectual exercise. B．It will create a divide in the language learners for practical needs and for deeper engagement. C．It will ensure that cross-cultural communication is perfectly accurate and free of surprises. D．It will eventually make the professions of human interpreters and translators redundant. 46．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Translator: The Promise and Limitations of AI Translation B．Beyond Phrasebooks: How Technology is Reshaping Global Communication C．The Polyglot’s Dilemma: Preserving Linguistic Depth in an Age of Automation D．The Price of Convenience: AI and the Changing Motivation for Language Learning 【答案】43．D 44．C 45．B 46．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了AI翻译技术的发展及其对人们语言学习动机、跨文化交流方式带来的影响，分析了不同人群对AI翻译的态度和未来可能出现的人群分化。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Rather than entering an exact text to translate, users can tell ChatGPT to “write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu, but that she is gluten-free, so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.” And out pops a perfect paragraph, including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say “my wife is gluten-free”: mi esposa es celíaca.(用户无需输入确切文本进行翻译，只需告诉 ChatGPT‘用西班牙语给服务员写一条信息，说明我和妻子想要品鉴菜单，但她谷蛋白不耐受，所以希望替换掉任何含谷蛋白的食物’。随后就会生成一段完美的文字，其中包含了西班牙语使用者实际表达‘我妻子谷蛋白不耐受’的说法：mi esposa es celíaca。)” 可知，ChatGPT 能够理解用户请求背后的意图，而非仅仅直译文字，这是它相较于谷歌翻译等专门翻译应用的关键优势，故选D。 44．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“He describes giving a halting, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end. Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? (他描述了自己用普通话进行一场结结巴巴、颇具难度的演讲的经历，这需要付出大量努力，但最终带来了成就感。谁会吹嘘自己乘直升机登上珠穆朗玛峰之巅呢？)” 可知，Douglas Hofstadter认为语言学习的核心价值在于付出努力的过程和最终的成就感，而AI工具会让这种努力和成就感贬值，就像乘直升机登顶珠峰无法体现登山的真正意义一样，故选C。 45．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool, people will split into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement(随着 AI 翻译成为更受欢迎的省力工具，人们将分为两类。一类人想要拓展思维、沉浸于其他文化或迫使自己的思维进入新的领域，他们仍会进行语言学习，且常常借助技术的帮助。另一类人则会带着钦佩和困惑的复杂心情看待学习新语言这件事)”可知，作者认为AI翻译未来会导致语言学习者出现分化：一类为深度参与文化等目的学习，另一类为实用需求依赖AI，故选B。 46．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第五段“Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit.(长期以来，旅行一直是学习的动力——除非人们开始觉得AI工具提供了足够好的服务。一些人担心这些应用正在让语言学习成为一项日渐式微的追求。)” 和最后一段对人群分化的分析，可知文章核心围绕AI翻译带来的便利性及其对人们语言学习动机的改变展开，探讨了不同人群的态度，D项“便利的代价：人工智能和语言学习动机的变化”可概括文章主旨。故选D。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. （25-26高二上·上海·期中）Who Stole our Sleep? A balanced diet, moderate exercise and adequate sleep are three major health standards recognized by the international community. About one-third of a person’s life (about eight hours per night) should be spent on sleep. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer defined circadian disruption as a probable carcinogenic factor. Research shows that people who go without sleep for a long time risk memory loss, anxiety, depression, anger, hair loss, weight gain, high blood pressure and cardiovascular damage. 47 A Chinese economist proposed an interesting concept based on the theoretical model of economics. The secret of productivity is a time balance between work and sleep. Seeking this optimal equilibrium point and improving the efficiency of deep sleep will bring significant driving forces to the productivity and civilization of a society. However, people today have been imperceptibly deprived of sleep as an essential physiological requirement and a necessary condition for maintaining health. The 2023 Chinese Sleep Research Report shows that the average sleep duration of Chinese people per night was 7.40 hours. 48 According to the report, conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Science in 2023, the middle-income group has the shortest sleep duration. A typical example is that of workers in mega-cities who usually work overtime and have long commutes, which take away their sleep time to a degree; in other words, sleep deprivation. In addition, various sources of stress are related to sleep quality, such as rising prices, housing, transportation, medical care, children’s education, employment, income, personal or family health, relationships, marriage, and so on. The appraisal-anxiety-avoidance theory states that when faced with stress, people evaluate the stressors and wonder whether they can handle the stress. 49 They may experience negative emotions such as anxiety. At this time, a self-defense mechanism called procrastination will drive people to avoid this pressure. Under these circumstances, sleep procrastination becomes an issue. 50 Entering the era of short videos, not only young people but also middle-aged and even elderly people have formed implicit dependencies on cellphones, excessively watching videos, browsing micro-blogs, or playing mobile games as a form of relaxation before going to bed. This status, also known as “social sleep,” refers to not entering a state of sleep physiologically but simply falling asleep socially, which means they are in “do not disturb” mode and usher in internet solitude time. A．So why do people sleep less than eight hours? B．Why do they choose social sleep instead of shutting their eyes? C．Sleep is closely associated with not only our health but also social welfare. D．If they judge they cannot do it well, they will develop a perception of stress. E．Do you remember what you did before going to bed when you didn’t have a phone? F．Besides this, addiction to smartphones has become the most considerable factor disturbing sleep. 【答案】47．C 48．A 49．D 50．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是睡眠的重要性以及睡眠不足带来的危害，如今人们睡眠被剥夺的现状和导致睡眠不足的多种因素。 47．前文“A balanced diet, moderate exercise and adequate sleep are three major health standards recognized by the international community.(均衡饮食、适度运动和充足睡眠是国际社会公认的三大健康标准)”说明均衡饮食、适度运动和充足睡眠是国际公认的三大健康标准，“Research shows that people who go without sleep for a long time risk memory loss, anxiety, depression, anger, hair loss, weight gain, high blood pressure and cardiovascular damage.(研究表明，长期不睡觉的人有记忆力减退、焦虑、抑郁、愤怒、脱发、体重增加、高血压和心血管损伤的风险)”说明了睡眠不足会带来诸多健康风险，强调了睡眠的重要性。C选项“Sleep is closely associated with not only our health but also social welfare.(睡眠不仅与我们的健康密切相关，而且与社会福利密切相关)”进一步阐述了睡眠的重要性，不仅涉及个人健康，还上升到社会福利层面，与前文对睡眠重要性的论述相呼应，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 48．前文“The 2023 Chinese Sleep Research Report shows that the average sleep duration of Chinese people per night was 7.40 hours.(《2023年中国睡眠研究报告》显示，中国人每晚平均睡眠时间为7.40小时)”指出人们睡眠不足8小时的现状。A选项“So why do people sleep less than eight hours?(那么为什么人们的睡眠时间少于8小时呢？)”提出人们为什么睡不够8个小时的问题，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。 49．前文“In addition, various sources of stress are related to sleep quality, such as rising prices, housing, transportation, medical care, children’s education, employment, income, personal or family health, relationships, marriage, and so on, The appraisal-anxiety-avoidance theory states that when faced with stress, people evaluate the stressors and wonder whether they can handle the stress.(此外，各种压力来源都与睡眠质量有关，如物价上涨、住房、交通、医疗、子女教育、就业、收入、个人或家庭健康、人际关系、婚姻等。评估—焦虑—回避理论指出，当面临压力时，人们会评估压力源，并怀疑自己是否能应对压力)”提到各种压力源与睡眠质量有关，还介绍了评估—焦虑—回避理论，D选项“If they judge they cannot do it well, they will develop a perception of stress.(如果他们认为自己做不好，他们就会产生一种压力感)”承接前文理论，具体说明了当人们认为自己无法应对压力时会产生压力感，进而可能导致后续的负面情绪和睡眠问题，逻辑连贯，故选D。 50．前文“They may experience negative emotions such as anxiety. At this time, a self-defense mechanism called procrastination will drive people to avoid this pressure. Under these circumstances, sleep procrastination becomes an issue.(他们可能会经历焦虑等负面情绪。这时，一种叫做拖延症的自我防卫机制会驱使人们避免这种压力。在这种情况下，睡眠拖延症就成了一个问题)”讲述了人们在面对压力时会产生负面情绪，进而出现拖延这一自我防御机制，导致睡眠拖延问题。F选项“Besides this, addiction to smartphones has become the most considerable factor disturbing sleep.(除此之外，对智能手机的沉迷已经成为影响睡眠的最重要因素)”通过“Besides this”承接上文，引出另一个影响睡眠的重要因素——手机沉迷，与后文进入短视频时代人们睡前过度依赖手机的内容相呼应，故选F。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．（25-26高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. British are having less children With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. Why aren’t British people having as many children as they used to? Well, there are many reasons. One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they often go to university after high school after years of study at university, they then need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want. So it’s not until they are about 30 years old that they can start to think about settling down and having children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Usually both parents need to work to pay for their home and living expenses. They need to pay someone to look after their child during the day, which is expensive. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. For example, when times are tough and there is an economic downturn, it becomes difficult to find a job or keep the existing one. This kind of uncertainty discourages people from having larger families. So what is Britain doing to try and save British families? First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】British people are having fewer children than before. The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline. The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国人的生育数量比以往减少了。推迟生育年龄、养育孩子的高昂费用以及不稳定的经济形势都导致了人口下降。政府采取了诸如增加对儿童的补贴以及减少父母工作时间等措施，以鼓励人们多生育孩子。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. ②One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. ③First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3两个要点进行分论。 3.遣词造句 British people are having fewer children than before. The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline. The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline.(运用动名词作宾语对第二段、第三段和第四段进行总结。) [高分句型2] The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children.(用动名词作宾语、动词不定式短语作目的状语、动词不定式短语作宾语补足语，对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。) IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）由于缺钱，那对夫妇不得不放弃购买奢侈品。(lack n.)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Due to a lack of money, the couple had to give up buying luxury goods. 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“由于”短语为due to；表示“缺钱”为a lack of money；主语“夫妇”为the couple；表示“不得不”为have to do；表示“放弃”短语为give up doing sth.；表示“购买奢侈品”为buying luxury goods。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为Due to a lack of money, the couple had to give up buying luxury goods. 53．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）父母总是尽力给予他们的孩子最好的生活条件和教育。(commit) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Parents are always committed to providing their children with the best living conditions and education. 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语“父母”为parents；表示“尽力做某事”短语为be committed to doing sth.，由always修饰；表示“给予他们的孩子最好的生活条件和教育”翻译为动名词短语，表示“给予某人某物”短语为provide sb. with sth.；表示“孩子”用复数名词children；表示“最好的生活条件和教育”为the best living conditions and education。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Parents are always committed to providing their children with the best living conditions and education. 54．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）随着社会的进步，如今中学生有越来越多社会实践的机会。(access n.) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the progress of society, nowadays middle school students have increasing access to social practice. 【详解】考查名词短语和时态。表示“随着社会的进步”用with the progress of society，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“如今”用nowadays，作时间状语；表示“中学生”用middle school students，作主语；表示“有越来越多……的机会”用have increasing access to...，句子描述一般是事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用动词原形have；表示“社会实践”用social practice，作介词to的比宾语。故翻译为With the progress of society, nowadays middle school students have increasing access to social practice. 55．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）纷繁复杂的信息可在因特网上任意获取，因此我们要学会选择正确的东西而不是牢骚满腹。(available) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Diverse information is available arbitrarily on the Internet, so we need to learn to choose the right things rather than complain endlessly. 【详解】考查形容词、固定搭配。表示“纷繁复杂的信息”用diverse information，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is；表示“可获取”用形容词available，作表语，“在因特网上任意获取”用available arbitrarily on the Internet；前半句与后半句为因果关系，用so连接两个并列句；第二个句子主语用we；表示“需要”用need，作谓语；表示“学会选择”用learn to choose，用不定式短语，作宾语；“正确的东西”用the right things，作choose的宾语；“而不是”用rather than，后接动词原形，“牢骚满腹”用complain endlessly。故翻译为Diverse information is available arbitrarily on the Internet, so we need to learn to choose the right things rather than complain endlessly. V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．（25-26高二上·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华。学校计划组织一次秋游活动，提出三个备选方案，去上海野生动物园(Shanghai Wildlife Park)、上海科技馆(Shanghai Science and Technology Museum)和“行走上海(City Walk)”，现正在征求同学们的意见，你很感兴趣，决定写邮件给负责的王老师，表达你的看法。请根据以下要求写一封电子邮件。 1. 你建议去哪个地方（三选一）； 2. 说明你选择的理由（可从活动内容、学习价值、趣味性等方面进行表述）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Wang, I’m Li Hua, a student from Mingqi Middle School. Knowing that our school is asking for ideas about the autumn trip, I’m writing to suggest going to Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. There are several reasons for my choice. First, the museum is full of amazing exhibitions about space, robots, biology and modern technology. We can not only watch interesting shows but also do some small experiments by ourselves. Besides, compared with the other two choices, this trip is more educational. We can learn useful science knowledge that we can’t get from textbooks. What’s more, it’s suitable for all students and easy for teachers to organize. We can enjoy the fun of exploration while gaining knowledge. I believe this trip will be both interesting and meaningful. I hope you will consider my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给负责的王老师，说明对于秋游活动的选择以及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choice → option 充满：be full of → be filled with 适合：be suitable for → be fit for 考虑：consider → take ... into account 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：I believe this trip will be both interesting and meaningful. 拓展句：I hold the belief that this trip will be both interesting and meaningful. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We can learn useful science knowledge that we can’t get from textbooks.（运用了that引导定语从句） 【高分句型2】I believe this trip will be both interesting and meaningful.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中真题重组卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A （25-26高二上·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Robotaxi Revolution In San Francisco and Shenzhen, the future is already here. Between April and June Waymo, an American firm, conducted 2. 2m robotaxi trips in California — five times as many as in the same period in 2024. Over the same three months Baidu, a Chinese tech giant, provided 2. 2m trips across 16 mostly Chinese cities. That is exciting for residents of those places. 1 private cars, robotaxis can be in near-continuous use; the more popular they become, the more they will free up space and make urban life more comfortable. 2 (have) fewer accidents than human drivers, they are almost certainly saving lives. Yet in many places 3 regulation is a roadblock to self-driving taxis, city residents have less to celebrate. In New York, the use of autonomous vehicles in paid for-hire services is prohibited. City councilors in Boston have proposed a law that would require a “human-safety operator” in each car. In Germany robocabs must be monitored by a human at all times. Some policy makers worry robotaxis could crash into pedestrians or oncoming traffic and 4 they will displace human workers, who must be protected. However, 5 of these justifications holds water. Consider safety first. Regulators are right to require that new technology 6 (test) . But the evidence so far is encouraging. A study by Waymo and Swiss Re, a insurer, finds that Waymo robotaxis 7 (involve) in 88% fewer property-damage claims and 92% fewer injury claims per mile than humans. Other firms may struggle 8 (match) those numbers, and the vehicles have so far been let loose in “easy” cities. Still, the figures suggest that robotaxis will make roads safer. Regulators in the West could follow China and make it easier to run pilot projects. What about the job-killing effects? In San Francisco robotaxis are replacing private cars rather than manned taxis. Although robotaxis have sprung up, demand for ordinary cabs has held up, perhaps because they are sometimes more available. Human drivers are most useful at peak demand, 9 fares are highest. Even with skillful regulation, robotaxis would not be everywhere. The challenge of making them commercially sustainable would remain. Each Waymo car, with all its sensors and the latest software, is said to cost around $150, 000; mapping and testing 10 be expensive. Remove regulatory roadblocks and firms could at least have the chance to expand their operations, improve the technology and bring down costs — while more consumers enjoy the ride. Section B （25-26高二上·上海静安·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．revealed   B．consumption   C． complexities   D．sought-after   E. priced   F. lottery G. performance   H. adorable   I. functional   J. unchecked   K. necessities Beijing-based Pop Mart estimated that its third-quarter revenue increased by 120 to 125 percent in a business update. Analysts said the 11 of China’s leading blind box toy retailer had “far exceeded market expectations”. Pop Mart has millions of young fans who may not earn a lot but seem generous spenders on small toys that offer them emotional and social value. Products like blind box toys, odd accessories and decorative items have become highly 12 , especially among young people. Such items, often not necessarily 13 , serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression. The blind box economy is based on the sale of products in packaging that hides the item’s appearance or specific design, creating a sense of mystery that is only 14 on opening. There is also a 15 element of possibly acquiring a rare item with a higher potential resale value. A small Pop Mart blind box is normally 16 between 69 and 79 yuan (US$9.70 to US$11) and larger ones can sell for several thousand yuan. Cao Zuo, a university student in Shanghai who is a fan of Pop Mart’s toys, said that people who continue to buy blind boxes are “paying for love” as they contain “ 17 ” products that “provide a kind of mental satisfaction”. In this sense, China’s Gen Z are seeking solace through “emotional consumption”. “Young people also tend to be impulse buyers with 18 spending habits and dare to take unknown risks,” she said. Mo Daiqing, a senior analyst at the China E-Commerce Research Centre, said despite their relatively high prices, such items are still affordable to most people because they are not frequently consumed daily 19 . “People are also focusing more on the shopping experience, which some of the brands, such as Jellycat, do quite well, making consumers feel happy and relaxed,” she added. In fact, such toys sold in blind boxes are not only targeted at children, but adults as well. Maybe Labubu can offer a retreat into an illusion of childhood simplicity, to escape the 20 that overwhelm our adult world. In a moment of global markets and mass production, maybe the fantasy of limited availability substitutes for creativity or specialness. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A （25-26高二上·上海徐汇·期中）The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 21 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 22 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 23 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 24 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 25 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 26 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 27 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 28 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 29 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 30 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 31 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 32 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 33 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 34 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 35 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 21．A．instead B．therefore C．meanwhile D．besides 22．A．guides B．conclusions C．rewards D．theories 23．A．predicted B．interpreted C．encountered D．ignored 24．A．improved B．confirmed C．frustrated D．simplified 25．A．Especially B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Moreover 26．A．success B．approach C．failure D．achievement 27．A．prediction B．observation C．intuition D．imagination 28．A．invitation B．obligation C．limitation D．repetition 29．A．policy B．education C．funding D．publication 30．A．accuracy B．curiosity C．frame D．agreement 31．A．avoid B．fear C．embrace D．document 32．A．discipline B．flexibility C．stability D．certainty 33．A．temporarily B．accidentally C．fundamentally D．typically 34．A．conceptual B．physical C．emotional D．creative 35．A．optional B．essential C．terminal D．symbolic Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A （25-26高二上·上海静安·期中）As a little girl, a significant part of my childhood was spent in my grandma’s country kitchen. An old stove anchored one side of the room, and her sparkling counter tops (台板) were always tidy, topped only by a simple bread box. Yet, the most treasured possession in that entire space was her recipe box. A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive (倾斜的花体字). Her small dinner table provided the perfect stage for her glorious fresh-fruit pies — strawberry, blueberry, apple, cherry. Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty “S” for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. I remember asking her once why she went through the extra trouble of making the “S”. She smiled gently and said, “When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love.” That tiny, warm kitchen was the undeniable heart of our family, the gathering place for every Sunday dinner and holiday celebration. But it was far more than just a place for preparing meals. It was the sacred space where she connected our family’s past to the present, teaching me about my roots and heritage through the stories behind each dish she lovingly prepared. The kitchen was also where I shared my secrets with her. After the baking was done and the scent of warm pastry hung in the air, she would sit with me, and over a glass of milk, I would pour out my heart about school, friends, and my dreams for the future. Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. I pull out the treasured recipe box and bake the same desserts. And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual: I cut two slices of pie, pour a cup of black coffee for her and a glass of milk for myself. Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance. 36．Which of the following statements is true about the recipes in the grandmother’s box? A．They were written by different family members. B．They were mainly for everyday meals. C．They were organized into different categories. D．They were copied from a famous cookbook. 37．The word “demonstrable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．obvious B．hidden C．proud D．unusual 38．What can be inferred about the grandma’s character from the passage? A．She was ambitious and sought public recognition for her baking. B．She was traditional and believed in strict family rules. C．She expressed her love and pride through actions rather than words. D．She was resistant to change and held onto past traditions stubbornly. 39．What is the main purpose of the author’s “little ritual” at Thanksgiving now? A．To prove that she is as good a baker as her grandma. B．To keep her grandma’s kitchen traditions a secret. C．To teach her own children about family recipes. D．To remember and feel connected to her grandma. B （25-26高二上·上海徐汇·期中）The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek is a charming adventure that showcases the breathtaking beauty of the Annapurna region in Nepal. This trek combines the renowned circuit with a visit to Tilicho Lake, one of the highest lakes in the world, offering an adventure through stunning landscapes and cultural treasures. Major Attractions of Annapurna Tilicho Lake Trek A major highlight is the climb to Tilicho Lake (4,919 meters), a pure alpine oasis situated among towering peaks. The trail also leads to the sacred Muktinath Temple (3,710 meters), a site of deep significance for both Hindus and Buddhists. The journey peaks in the exciting crossing of Thorong La Pass (5,416 meters), the highest pass in the world. Along the way, trekkers are treated to stunning views of snow-capped peaks, glacial lakes, and diverse terrain. Trekking Difficulty and Fitness Requirement The trek presents a moderate to challenging level of difficulty. You must possess good physical endurance to navigate rugged terrain for 5 to 8 hours daily. Getting accustomed to high altitude is crucial to minimize sickness. The trail includes steep ascents and descents, and crossing glacial streams. While technical climbing skills are not required, prior hiking experience and adequate fitness are necessary. Best Time for Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek The trek is best experienced during either the spring (March to May) or the autumn (September to November). Both seasons offer favorable weather, clear skies, and stunning views. Spring features vibrant rhododendron (杜鹃花) blooms, while autumn boasts stable weather and golden leaves. Despite its challenges, the rewards are immeasurable. From the warmth of Nepalese hospitality in teahouses to the profound sense of achievement, this trek offers an unforgettable journey of adventure and discovery in the heart of the Himalayas. We offer opportunities to customize your trip! Consider adding a Kathmandu sightseeing tour, other adventure activities, or day trips around Nepal before or after your trek. Feel free to contact us. (Please understand that our travel plan might need adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances like flight delays, weather conditions, or natural disasters. In such cases, we’ll work diligently to find the best alternative solutions to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trek. Your cooperation and flexibility are highly appreciated during these times.) 40．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of the trek? A．Crossing glacial streams. B．Adapting to high altitudes. C．Technical climbing requirements. D．Long daily walking hours. 41．What can be concluded about the Annapurna Circuit with Tilicho Lake Trek from the passage? A．It is a suitable trek for people of all fitness levels. B．It focuses more on scenery than cultural experiences. C．It requires both physical preparedness and mental flexibility. D．It is most dangerous during the cold winter seasons. 42．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote and celebrate the unique culture of Nepal. B．To attract tourists to join a trek in the Annapurna region. C．To analyze the geography and ecosystems of Tilicho Lake. D．To warn about the safety risks of high-altitude trekking. C （25-26高二上·上海·期中）On holiday, many will find themselves in places where they do not speak the language. Once upon a time, they might have carried a phrasebook. The rise of English has made that less necessary. But most people — at least seven of the world’s eight billion — still do not speak English. That leaves options like pantomime, a willingness to be surprised by what arrives at dinner — or, increasingly, technology. More and more people are using simple, free tools, not only to decode text but also to speak. With these apps’ conversation mode, you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard moments later; the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours. You may still get a surprise or two. Google Translate may be the best-known name in machine translation, but it often blunders. Take“my wife is gluten-free,” the kind of thing you might say at a restaurant abroad. In French or Italian, Google Translate renders this as“my wife is without gluten”—true to the words rather than the meaning. DeepL, a rival, does better, offering various options, most of them along the correct lines. The best tool may not be a translation app at all. Though not marketed for the purpose, ChatGPT, a generative AI system that churns out prose according to users’ prompts, is multilingual. Rather than entering an exact text to translate, users can tell ChatGPT to “write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu, but that she is gluten-free, so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.” And out pops a perfect paragraph, including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say “my wife is gluten-free”: mi esposa es celíaca. It is a paraphrase rather than a translation, more like having a native-speaking dinner companion than an automated interpreter. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a polyglot (通晓多门语言的人), has argued that something profound will vanish when people talk through machines. He describes giving a halting, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end. Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbonara without incident (and sometimes without gluten). As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool, people will split into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement, as they might with extreme endurance sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” 43．According to the passage, what is a key advantage of ChatGPT over dedicated translation apps like Google Translate? A．It can process and translate spoken dialogue in real-time. B．It is specifically marketed and designed for travel purposes. C．It supports a significantly wider array of languages than its competitors. D．It understands and conveys the intent behind a request, not just the words. 44．What can be inferred from Douglas Hofstadter’s analogy of “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest”? A．The goal of language learning, like climbing a mountain, should be the practical outcome rather than the process itself. B．People who use AI for communication will eventually develop a dependency on it, similar to relying on transportation. C．The core meaning of a difficult achievement lies in the personal struggle and effort, which is devalued by using AI tools. D．AI translation, like a helicopter, is a technological marvel that makes challenging goals achievable for a wider range of people. 45．Which of the following best describes the author’s likely view on the future impact of AI translation? A．It will transform language acquisition from a practical skill into an intellectual exercise. B．It will create a divide in the language learners for practical needs and for deeper engagement. C．It will ensure that cross-cultural communication is perfectly accurate and free of surprises. D．It will eventually make the professions of human interpreters and translators redundant. 46．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Translator: The Promise and Limitations of AI Translation B．Beyond Phrasebooks: How Technology is Reshaping Global Communication C．The Polyglot’s Dilemma: Preserving Linguistic Depth in an Age of Automation D．The Price of Convenience: AI and the Changing Motivation for Language Learning Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. （25-26高二上·上海·期中）Who Stole our Sleep? A balanced diet, moderate exercise and adequate sleep are three major health standards recognized by the international community. About one-third of a person’s life (about eight hours per night) should be spent on sleep. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer defined circadian disruption as a probable carcinogenic factor. Research shows that people who go without sleep for a long time risk memory loss, anxiety, depression, anger, hair loss, weight gain, high blood pressure and cardiovascular damage. 47 A Chinese economist proposed an interesting concept based on the theoretical model of economics. The secret of productivity is a time balance between work and sleep. Seeking this optimal equilibrium point and improving the efficiency of deep sleep will bring significant driving forces to the productivity and civilization of a society. However, people today have been imperceptibly deprived of sleep as an essential physiological requirement and a necessary condition for maintaining health. The 2023 Chinese Sleep Research Report shows that the average sleep duration of Chinese people per night was 7.40 hours. 48 According to the report, conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Science in 2023, the middle-income group has the shortest sleep duration. A typical example is that of workers in mega-cities who usually work overtime and have long commutes, which take away their sleep time to a degree; in other words, sleep deprivation. In addition, various sources of stress are related to sleep quality, such as rising prices, housing, transportation, medical care, children’s education, employment, income, personal or family health, relationships, marriage, and so on. The appraisal-anxiety-avoidance theory states that when faced with stress, people evaluate the stressors and wonder whether they can handle the stress. 49 They may experience negative emotions such as anxiety. At this time, a self-defense mechanism called procrastination will drive people to avoid this pressure. Under these circumstances, sleep procrastination becomes an issue. 50 Entering the era of short videos, not only young people but also middle-aged and even elderly people have formed implicit dependencies on cellphones, excessively watching videos, browsing micro-blogs, or playing mobile games as a form of relaxation before going to bed. This status, also known as “social sleep,” refers to not entering a state of sleep physiologically but simply falling asleep socially, which means they are in “do not disturb” mode and usher in internet solitude time. A．So why do people sleep less than eight hours? B．Why do they choose social sleep instead of shutting their eyes? C．Sleep is closely associated with not only our health but also social welfare. D．If they judge they cannot do it well, they will develop a perception of stress. E．Do you remember what you did before going to bed when you didn’t have a phone? F．Besides this, addiction to smartphones has become the most considerable factor disturbing sleep. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．（25-26高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. British are having less children With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. Why aren’t British people having as many children as they used to? Well, there are many reasons. One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they often go to university after high school after years of study at university, they then need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want. So it’s not until they are about 30 years old that they can start to think about settling down and having children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Usually both parents need to work to pay for their home and living expenses. They need to pay someone to look after their child during the day, which is expensive. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. For example, when times are tough and there is an economic downturn, it becomes difficult to find a job or keep the existing one. This kind of uncertainty discourages people from having larger families. So what is Britain doing to try and save British families? First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）由于缺钱，那对夫妇不得不放弃购买奢侈品。(lack n.)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 53．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）父母总是尽力给予他们的孩子最好的生活条件和教育。(commit) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 54．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）随着社会的进步，如今中学生有越来越多社会实践的机会。(access n.) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．（25-26高二上·上海浦东新·期中）纷繁复杂的信息可在因特网上任意获取，因此我们要学会选择正确的东西而不是牢骚满腹。(available) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．（25-26高二上·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华。学校计划组织一次秋游活动，提出三个备选方案，去上海野生动物园(Shanghai Wildlife Park)、上海科技馆(Shanghai Science and Technology Museum)和“行走上海(City Walk)”，现正在征求同学们的意见，你很感兴趣，决定写邮件给负责的王老师，表达你的看法。请根据以下要求写一封电子邮件。 1. 你建议去哪个地方（三选一）； 2. 说明你选择的理由（可从活动内容、学习价值、趣味性等方面进行表述）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中真题重组卷（上海专用） 英 语·参考答案 1．Unlike 2．Having 3．where 4．that 5．neither 6．should be tested/be tested 7．are involved 8．to match 9．when 10．can 11．G 12．D 13．I 14．A 15．F 16．E 17．H 18．J 19．K 20．C 21．A 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．C 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．C 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．B 46．D 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．F 51．British people are having fewer children than before. The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline. The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children. 52．Due to a lack of money, the couple had to give up buying luxury goods. 53．Parents are always committed to providing their children with the best living conditions and education. 54．With the progress of society, nowadays middle school students have increasing access to social practice. 55．Diverse information is available arbitrarily on the Internet, so we need to learn to choose the right things rather than complain endlessly. 56．Dear Mr. Wang, I’m Li Hua, a student from Mingqi Middle School. Knowing that our school is asking for ideas about the autumn trip, I’m writing to suggest going to Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. There are several reasons for my choice. First, the museum is full of amazing exhibitions about space, robots, biology and modern technology. We can not only watch interesting shows but also do some small experiments by ourselves. Besides, compared with the other two choices, this trip is more educational. We can learn useful science knowledge that we can’t get from textbooks. What’s more, it’s suitable for all students and easy for teachers to organize. We can enjoy the fun of exploration while gaining knowledge. I believe this trip will be both interesting and meaningful. I hope you will consider my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $