精品解析：上海市莘庄中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二期中英语试卷

莘庄中学2024学年第一学期高二英语期中考试卷 I. Listening Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Spend more time working on chemistry problems. B. Talk to his advisor about dropping the course. C. Work on the assignment with a classmate. D. Ask graduate assistants for help. 2. A. Go home to get the washing. B. Send dirty clothes to the laundry. C. Pick up the washing. D. Remind the woman to hurry up. 3. A. The woman could use his calculator. B. He’ll finish the adding up for the woman. C. The woman’s calculator is better than his. D. He’s faster at adding numbers up than the woman. 4. A. The final will begin next week. B. The man should talk with his doctor again. C. She hopes the man will be able to play in the final. D. She wants the man to watch the soccer game with her. 5. A. The advisor will approve of the man’s class schedule. B. The advisor is not easy to make an appointment with. C. The man should work harder next semester. D. The man should go to see his advisor. 6. A. An educational policy. B. An economic issue. C. A heated debate. D. A famous economist. 7. A. The former is more valued than the latter. B. Views on them vary from person to person. C. The former is less valued than the latter. D. Neither of them should be valued so much. 8. A. Disappointed. B. Puzzled. C. Astonished. D. Relieved. 9. A. Why the woman took up this job. B. Why there are ice-cream tasting schools. C. How the man went into the ice-cream business. D. How it feels to work as an ice-cream taster. 10. A. They can go to the theater on foot. B. The theater is on the other side of the town. C. This town is big enough to walk around. D. Everything in the town is worth visiting. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13arebased on the following news. 11. A. A doctor. B. A model. C. A TV host. D. A magazine editor. 12. A. Kirsty is very likely to develop an eating disorder. B. Teen programmes talk a lot about appearance. C. Being thin is a common trend. D. Magazines are informative. 13. A. How to develop a healthy diet. B. Whether the media are a bad influence. C. How to follow famous people’s lifestyles. D. Whether your appearance should matter or not. Questions 14through 16arebased on the following news report. 14. A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explorer. B. He had reached the pole before Peary did. C. Peary had announced his success too late. D. Peary’s exploration wasn’t thoroughly investigated. 15. A. They interviewed Peary himself. B. They examined the tools that Peary used. C. They talked to one of Peary’s companions. D. They conducted a computer analysis of his photographs. 16. A. Exploration of space. B. Doctor Cook’s exploration. C. Exploration of the South Pole. D. The Navigation Foundation’s conclusions. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A biologist. B. A psychologist. C. An artist. D. A reporter. 18. A. Talents play a role in children’s overall development. B. Typical parental involvement is not as important as thought. C. Arts training will improve children’s performance in other subjects. D. Children need to be assigned to different groups according to their ability. 19. A. Its subjects were young children. B. It showed what skill is essential to maths. C. It illustrated why abstract reasoning is important. D. Its results helped explain why parents turn to arts education. 20. A. Possibly by helping activate children’s brains. B. Possibly by helping raise educators’ awareness. C. Possibly by helping children learn how to learn. D. Possibly by helping scientists find a rich environment II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years ____1____ it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow ____2____ (use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food. In western Asia, another extremely important invention ____3____ (bear) — the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed little since. Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians (腓尼基人) used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce ____4____ else without which we would be lost. How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don’t think much about them, ____5____ we? Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II (萨尔贡二世). Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting ____6____ first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. ____7____ (early) examples are knitted socks! Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old. Time flies and we spend a lot of time ____8____ (check) how much time we have left! This would be impossible ____9____ clocks and watches, which are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPods. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch-face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, ____10____ (remain) largely unchanged ever since. 【答案】1. after 2. is used 3. was born 4. something 5. do 6. which##that 7. The earliest 8. checking 9. without 10. has remained 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了弓箭、制陶术、轮子、锁与钥匙、编织技艺、眼镜、钟表等人类历史上的早期重要发明的诞生时间与发展概况。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：已知最早的发明之一是弓箭，在其被发明15000年后的今天，仍然在世界各地使用。此处表示在它被发明15000年之后，空处应用after ，意为“在……以后”，引导时间状语从句。 【2题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：当然，现在弓箭主要被用于体育赛事，但在一些地方它仍然是猎杀动物获取食物的手段。设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语these days以及后半句的时态，此处应用一般现在时态；主语the bow and arrow说的是弓箭这个整体，为单数，与动词use之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，填is used。 【3题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：在西亚，另一项极其重要的发明诞生了——制陶工艺。主语another extremely important invention与bear是被动关系，发明诞生是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was，此空填was born。 【4题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：大约1500年后，腓尼基人使用沙子、石灰石和碳酸钠制造出了另一种我们不可或缺的东西。空处作produce的宾语，指代某种发明物品，用不定代词something，短语something else，意为“别的东西”符合语境。 【5题详解】 考查反意疑问句。句意：我们真的没怎么想过它们，不是吗？此处为反义疑问句，前半句为简单句，句中有don’t，为否定句，后面的附加问句应用肯定形式，助动词应用do。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：另一项令人惊叹的发明，我们现在可能认为是理所当然的，就是编织技术，它首先出现在大约1700年前的罗马帝国。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the skill of knitting，指物，从句缺少主语，用关系代词which或that。 【7题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的例子是针织袜子！空处修饰名词examples，结合语境此处强调现存已知的最早的编织制品，early需变为最高级形式，且句首首字母大写，因此填The earliest。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：时光飞逝，我们花很多时间查看自己还剩下多少时间！固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”，动词check需变为动名词形式checking，作宾语。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：如果没有遍布我们周围的钟表：墙上、手腕上、电脑上，甚至手机和iPod上，我们就不可能做到这一点。结合上文“we spend a lot of time ____ (check) how much time we have left”可知，此处指没有时钟或手表就不可能查看时间，因此设空处应填介词without，表示假设的否定条件，意为“没有”。 【10题详解】 考查时态。句意：330 年前，托马斯・汤皮恩（1639–1714）在英国发明了第一款怀表，他的表盘设计——两根（有时三根）指针在单个表盘上转动，从那以后基本没有变化。remain在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语ever since可知，表示从过去第一款怀表的发明一直到现在的持续状态，用现在完成时，主语his watch-face design是单数，此空填has remained。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. modest B. creative C. confirm D. pace E. increasingly F. emerging G. scoring H. caps I. evenly J. access K. collapse Bathroom Reveals Your Repayment Ability Banks and other lenders typically look at borrowers’ credit histories, tax forms and other financial information to determine whether they will get paid back. In China, ____11____ lenders also look at borrowers’ bathrooms. As the economy slows, the government wants to develop a credit culture to get Chinese families spending instead of saving. While the country is getting wealthier, the financial system has not kept ____12____. Some people have had no ____13____ to credit card or mortgage, so lenders often have little reliable information about potential borrowers. To fill the gaps, one lender, China Rapid Finance, assigns its investigators to check for the number of toothbrushes or towels to determine how many people are living in a house. They look for dirty dishes in the kitchen. They take photos of a potential borrower at work to ____14____ employment status. A growing number of companies are trying to crack the credit code in China. The Internet giants Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu are developing credit ____15____ systems based on users’ online transactions (交易) and search histories. The World Bank estimated that 79 percent of China’s population above the age of 15 have bank accounts, while only 10 percent have ever borrowed from the formal financial system. China’s banks have a(n) ____16____ consumers lending business. Contrarily, online lenders are ____17____ as the pioneers, satisfying China’s rising consumer class. Alibaba’s financial affiliate (隶属机构), Huabei, makes small loans to online shoppers and vendors (小贩) on its e-commerce platforms. Peer-to-peer platforms have proved hugely popular in China, but the industry’s reputation has been ruined by scandal, like the ____18____ of Ezubao (易租宝). After that, regulators have stepped up their supervision of online lenders, which includes setting ____19____ on the amounts that can be borrowed. The regulators’ tightening management is “something like a shepherd herding (放牧) his sheep into a(n) _____20_____ narrowing pen (围栏),” said Mark Natkin, the founder and managing director at Marbridge Consulting, based in Beijing. 【答案】11. B 12. D 13. J 14. C 15. G 16. A 17. F 18. K 19. H 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在中国，创意贷款机构会查看借款人的浴室，文章说明了这一做法的原因及操作过程。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在中国，富有创意的贷款机构也会查看借款人的卫生间。由后文的“look at borrowers’ bathrooms”贷款机构查看借款人的卫生间，这说明这种贷款机构是很有创意的，空格处用形容词修饰名词lenders，“有创意的”的形容词是creative。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管这个国家变得更加富有，金融体系却没有跟上。由上文的“While the country is getting wealthier”可知，句子表示“尽管这个国家变得更加富有，金融体系却没有跟上”，“跟上”是固定短语keep pace，空格处是pace。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些人没有获得信用卡或抵押贷款的渠道，因此贷款人通常没有关于潜在借款人的可靠信息。由后文的“so lenders often have little reliable information about potential borrowers”可知，贷款人通常没有关于潜在借款人的可靠信息，由此可知，这些借款人是没有信用卡，“had no __3__ to”意为“不能使用”，是固定短语have no access to，空格处是access，故选J。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们会拍下潜在借款人工作时的照片，以确认其就业状况。由上文的“They take photos of a potential borrower at work”可知，他们会拍下潜在借款人工作时的照片，这么做是为了确认其就业状况，空格处意为“确认”，是confirm，空格处用不定式表目的，由此空格处用动词原形，故选C。 【15题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：互联网巨头阿里巴巴、腾讯和百度正在开发基于用户在线交易和搜索历史的信用评分系统。由后文的“based on users’ online transactions (交易) and search histories”可知，句子表示“互联网巨头阿里巴巴、腾讯和百度正在开发基于用户在线交易和搜索历史的信用评分系统”，“评分系统”是scoring system，由此空格处是scoring，故选G。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国的银行拥有适度的消费者贷款业务。由上文的“only 10 percent have ever borrowed from the formal financial system”可知，中国的银行拥有适度的消费者贷款业务，空格处意为“适度的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语“consumers lending business”，是modest。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：相反，在线贷款机构正成为先锋，满足了中国日益壮大的消费阶层。由后文的“satisfying China’s rising consumer class”可知，要满足中国日益壮大的消费阶层，就出现了一些在线贷款机构，空格处意为“出现”，是emerge，由are可知，句子时态是现在进行时，空格处用现在分词emerging。故选F。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实证明，P2P平台在中国非常受欢迎，但该行业的声誉已被一些丑闻所毁，比如易租宝的倒闭。由上文的“the industry’s reputation has been ruined by scandal”可知，该行业的声誉已被一些丑闻所毁，所以就有了易租宝的倒闭，空格处是“倒闭”，用名词，是collapse。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：此后，监管机构加强了对网络贷款机构的监管，包括设定贷款额度上限。由上文的“regulators have stepped up their supervision of online lenders”和后文的“The regulators’ tightening management”可知，监管机构加强了对网络贷款机构的监管，其中一个做法就是设定贷款额度上限，空格处意为“上限”，是cap，由后面的amounts可知，空格处用复数，故选H。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：北京Marbridge Consulting公司的创始人兼董事总经理Mark Natkin说，监管机构收紧管理“有点像牧羊人把羊群赶进越来越窄的羊圈”。由上文的“The regulators’ tightening management”可知，监管机构收紧管理有点像牧羊人把羊群赶进越来越窄的羊圈，空格处意为“越来越多地”，空格处用副词修饰形容词narrowing，是increasingly。故选E。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We often see human evolution through a series of technological advances that provided material benefits. ____21____, when our ancestors learned to make weapons, they could hunt more effectively and secure more reliable sources of meat. Softer aspects of life, such as the ways we socialise, might seem less important to the ____22____ of our species. But Christopher Lynn, an anthropologist (人类学家), says we socialise not because we like to, but because we ____23____ to. It all began, he says, when our ancestors learned to control fire. We have known for decades that the use of fire ____24____ life for early humans. It allowed them to cook food, for example, making it easier to digest. But there is another crucial side to fire: its role as a source of light around which people can ____25____ at night. One of the few researchers to consider the ____26____ importance of firelight is anthropologist Polly Wiessner. For decades, she has been visiting the Ju/’ hoansi, hunter-gatherers who live in southern Africa, to study their way of life. After she explored the content of more than 150 Ju/’ hoansi ____27____ she had documented, she made a remarkable discovery. During the day, the talk was relatively ____28____: about one-third of discussions concerned such topics as hunting strategies, for instance, with another third devoted to complaints about group members. Around the campfire at night, however, around 80 percent of discussions were in the form of stories. Some were funny, others exciting — all were ____29____. Yet they often also contained information about social manners and tradition, as well as about geographically distant social contacts who could be visited for help during times of hardship. ____30____, listening to these stories had the potential to make life and survival easier. “In the big picture, stories are probably ____31____ than day talk,” says Weisser. But there is another way fire might have ____32____ us as a social species. The archaeological (考古的) record suggests that campfires appeared perhaps 1.5 million years ago, but humans actually learned to light fires for at least another million years. If so, then fire was, for much of human prehistory, a resource that had to be gathered from the ____33____. That can be difficult, says Lynn, so would have encouraged people to cooperate with one another to keep their campfires burning. He believes that is a big reason why groups containing the most ____34____ humans survived well over time. Throw in the idea that these groups used fireside gatherings to share informative stories at night, and you get a situation where humans ____35____ to find fire comforting, unlike other animals, and to enjoy cooperating, socializing, and storytelling around the flames. 21. A. In addition B. For instance C. On the contrary D. By all means 22. A. distribution B. exchange C. success D. appearance 23. A. learn B. need C. refuse D. happen 24. A. sustained B. experienced C. transformed D. complicated 25. A. gather B. look C. work D. travel 26. A. strategical B. commercial C. environmental D. social 27. A. conversations B. rituals C. behaviours D. schedules 28. A. emotional B. unreal C. cultural D. practical 29. A. entertaining B. traditional C. scaring D. educational 30. A. For instance B. In other words C. What’s more D. By comparison 31. A. less valuable B. less common C. more important D. more surprising 32. A. protected B. challenged C. guided D. bound 33. A. animals B. tribesmen C. awareness D. environment 34. A. intelligent B. hardworking C. cooperative D. courageous 35. A. wished B. evolved C. remembered D. struggled 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了火在人类进化和社会发展中的重要作用，指出火不仅改变了早期人类的生活方式，提供了食物烹饪和夜间照明等功能，还促进了人类的社会交往和合作，推动了人类作为社会物种的进化。 【21题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当我们的祖先学会制造武器时，他们可以更有效地狩猎，并获得更可靠的肉类来源。A. In addition另外；B. For instance例如；C. On the contrary相反；D. By all means当然、无论如何。根据下文“when our ancestors learned to make weapons, they could hunt more effectively and secure more reliable sources of meat”可知，后文是在举例子，说明技术进步对人类进化的影响。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中更软性的方面，比如我们的社交方式，似乎对人类物种的成功没那么重要。A. distribution分配；B. exchange交换；C. success成功；D. appearance出现。根据上文“technological advances that provided material benefits”以及下文“But Christopher Lynn, an anthropologist, says we socialise not because we like to”可知，此处是在对比技术进步和社交方式对人类物种的重要性。技术进步提供了物质利益，对物种的成功有直接影响，而社交方式则看似不那么重要。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但人类学家克里斯托弗・林恩表示，我们社交并非因为喜欢，而是因为我们需要这么做。A. learn学习；B. need需要；C. refuse拒绝；D. happen发生。根据上文“not because we like to”以及下文“It all began, he says, when our ancestors learned to control fire”可知，此处是在解释人类社交的原因。林恩认为，人类社交不是出于喜好，而是出于某种需要。结合下文提到的火对人类社交的影响，可以推断出这种需要与生存或进化有关。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，我们已经知道火的使用改变了早期人类的生活。A. sustained维持；B. experienced经历；C. transformed改变；D. complicated使复杂化。根据下文“It allowed them to cook food, for example, making it easier to digest”可知，火的使用对早期人类的生活产生了显著影响，如烹饪食物使其更易消化。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但火还有另一个关键作用：它能作为光源，人们可在夜间围绕光源聚集。A. gather聚集；B. look看；C. work工作；D. travel旅行。根据上文“its role as a source of light ”以及常识可知，火作为光源，在晚上会吸引人们聚集在其周围。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人类学家波莉・维斯纳是少数关注火光社交重要性的研究者之一。A. strategical战略的；B. commercial商业的；C. environmental环境的；D. social社交的。根据上文“But there is another crucial side to fire”以及下文“she made a remarkable discovery”可知，上文引出火的另一关键作用，下文通过人类学家研究夜间社交展开，需要表示 社交层面的重要性。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她探索了她记录的150多个桑族人的对话内容后，她有了惊人的发现。A. conversations对话；B. rituals仪式；C. behaviours行为；D. schedules时间表。根据后文“she made a remarkable discovery”以及下文提到的对话内容可知，此处是在说维斯纳研究了桑族人的对话。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：白天的谈话相对更务实：例如，约三分之一的讨论围绕狩猎策略展开，另有三分之一是对部落成员的抱怨。A. emotional情感的；B. unreal不真实的；C. cultural文化的；D. practical实际的。根据下文“about one-third of discussions concerned such topics as hunting strategies”可知，白天的谈话内容主要涉及实际的狩猎策略等话题。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些故事很有趣，有些很刺激——所有故事都具有娱乐性。A. entertaining娱乐的；B. traditional传统的；C. scaring吓人的；D. educational有教育意义的。根据上文“Some were funny, others exciting”可知，晚上的谈话内容既有趣又刺激，因此具有娱乐性。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，听这些故事有可能让生活和生存变得更轻松。A. For instance例如；B. In other words换句话说；C. What’s more而且；D. By comparison相比之下。根据上文“Yet they often also contained information about social manners and tradition, as well as about geographically distant social contacts who could be visited for help ”以及下文“listening to these stories had the potential to make life and survival easier”可知，上文说故事 包含社交礼仪、求助信息，下文总结 听故事让生存更易，是对上文的同义转述，需要表示解释说明的连接词。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：维斯纳说：“从宏观来看，故事可能比白天的谈话更重要。”A. less valuable不太有价值的；B. less common不太常见的；C. more important更重要的；D. more surprising更令人惊讶的。根据上文“listening to these stories had the potential to make life and survival easier”可知，听故事对生活和生存有潜在的好处。因此，维斯纳认为故事可能比白天的谈话更重要。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但火还可能以另一种方式将我们联结成具有社交属性的物种。A. protected保护；B. challenged挑战；C. guided引导；D. bound捆绑、使团结。根据下文“so would have encouraged people to cooperate with one another to keep their campfires burning”可知，下文提到 火需要合作获取，说明火联结人类成为社交物种。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：若情况属实，那么在人类史前史的大部分时间里，火都是一种需要从环境中获取的资源。A. animals动物；B. tribesmen部落成员；C. awareness意识；D. environment环境。根据上文“but humans actually learned to light fires for at least another million years”以及下文“That can be difficult”可知，在人类学会自己生火之前的很长一段时间里，火是一种必须从外部获取的资源。这种资源最有可能来自环境。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这正是那些拥有最多合作精神的人类群体能长期存续的重要原因。A. intelligent聪明的；B. hardworking勤奋的；C. cooperative合作的；D. courageous勇敢的。根据上文“so would have encouraged people to cooperate with one another to keep their campfires burning”以及下文“survived well over time”可知，此处是在强调合作对人类生存的重要性。包含最多合作人类的小组能够更好地生存下来。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：再结合这些群体利用夜间围炉聚会分享信息丰富的故事这一行为，就形成了这样一种局面：与其他动物不同，人类演化出了对火的舒适感，并乐于在火焰旁合作、社交和讲故事。A. wished希望；B. evolved进化；C. remembered记得；D. struggled挣扎。根据上文“groups containing the most cooperative humans survived well over time”以及下文“to find fire comforting, unlike other animals, and to enjoy cooperating, socializing, and storytelling around the flames”可知，此处是在描述人类作为社会物种的进化过程。人类进化成喜欢火带来的舒适感、喜欢合作、社交和围着火讲故事。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) No offense to you, but scientists have found that mosquitoes may find your feet as appealing as Limburger cheese. If that’s you, don’t panic-it doesn’t mean you’re not washing them enough. Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA. A research team out of London recently investigated the genetic role in mosquito attraction by testing the bite appeal of 18 identical and 19 fraternal (异卵的) pairs of female twins. In a series of tests, 20 hungry mosquitoes were released into the end of a Y-shaped tube and allowed to choose whether to follow their noses left or right. Down either path was one twin’s hand, releasing its delicious natural odors (气味) but protected from bites behind a screen. After testing all 37 twin pairs, scientists found that the identical twins had consistently more similar attraction scores than the fraternal ones did — specifically, 67 percent of a person’s insect attractiveness had to do with her genes. So what’s the deal: Is DNA smelly? Thankfully, no. But specific DNA does attract unique species of micro-bacteria to your body — and those are what mosquitoes just can’t resist. Each of us, right now, is covered with about 100 trillion microbes (微生物), outnumbering our human DNA ten to one. Maybe stranger still: Scientists believe we share only a small part of these microbial species with one another, making our “microbiome” — the world of bacteria living in and on us — distinct, just like our fingerprints. In addition to producing many of the vitamins and chemicals in our blood, our microbiome is thought to be responsible for most of our distinct odors as well. Different mosquitoes prefer different smells from different parts of the body, and those smells come from chemicals produced by our microbiomes. So the next time a group of hungry mosquitoes flying around your cousin but leaves you bite-free, thank your DNA for the world of microscopic creatures on your skin that produce just the right smell to make the mosquitoes dizzy. 36. What is the main reason why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others? A. They have a specific type of DNA. B. They don’t wash their hands enough. C. They eat too much Limberger cheese. D. They have some especially smelly DNA. 37. What was the primary method used by researchers in London in their study? A. Measuring the amount of sweat produced by twins. B. Comparing the bacteria on the hands of the 37 twins. C. Releasing mosquitoes into a tube to follow their noses. D. Observing mosquitoes’ behavior in a natural environment. 38. Why is our microbiome compared to our fingerprints in paragraph 4? A. They both need vitamins. B. They are both unique to us. C. They both contain the same chemicals. D. They are both responsible for our odors. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why mosquitoes are smelly? B. How mosquito bites harm us? C. Why mosquitoes find you irresistible? D. How mosquito bites are hard to discover? 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现蚊子对某些人的吸引力与基因相关，具体而言是特定DNA吸引的独特微生物产生的气味吸引了蚊子，并解释了微生物组与人体气味及蚊子吸引力的关系。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA.(蚊子只是被特定的 DNA 所吸引)” 和第三段中“But specific DNA does attract unique species of micro-bacteria to your body — and those are what mosquitoes just can’t resist.(但特定的 DNA 确实会吸引独特的微生物种类到你的身体上 —— 而这些正是蚊子无法抗拒的)” 可知，有些人更吸引蚊子的主要原因是他们有特定类型的 DNA。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a series of tests, 20 hungry mosquitoes were released into the end of a Y-shaped tube and allowed to choose whether to follow their noses left or right. Down either path was one twin’s hand, releasing its delicious natural odors but protected from bites behind a screen.(在一系列测试中，20只饥饿的蚊子被放入一个Y形管的末端，让它们选择向左或向右追随气味。每条路径的尽头都是一个双胞胎的手，释放出诱人的自然气味，但被屏风保护着不会被叮咬)” 可知，伦敦研究人员的主要研究方法是将蚊子放入管中让它们追随气味。故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第段段中“Scientists believe we share only a small part of these microbial species with one another, making our ‘microbiome’ — the world of bacteria living in and on us — distinct, just like our fingerprints.（科学家们认为，我们彼此之间共享的这些微生物种类很少，这使得我们的‘微生物组’—— 生活在我们体内和体表的细菌世界 —— 像我们的指纹一样独特)” 可知，微生物组被比作指纹是因为它们对我们而言都是独特的。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合文第一段中“Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA.(蚊子只是被特定的 DNA 所吸引)”可知，文章围绕为什么有些人更吸引蚊子展开，解释了背后的原因 —— 特定DNA吸引的微生物产生的气味吸引蚊子，C 选项 “Why mosquitoes find you irresistible?(为什么蚊子对你无法抗拒)”可以作为本文的最佳标题 。故选C。 (B) A brand is a name, word, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of these, intended to identify the goods or services of a company or a group of companies. Another purpose of a brand is to contrast one company from another. The most important skill of professional marketers is the ability to create, maintain, protect, and enhance the brands of their products and services. Branding has become so important that today hardly any company or product is without one. Therefore, brand management is an increasingly important element in marketing. Brand power refers to the relative strength of a company’s brand in the minds of consumers, and can influence consumers’ choice of products. Brands are powerful to the extent that they give high brand loyalty and strong brand associations, name recognition, perceived quality and other assets to a company. A strong brand can be one of a company’s most important assets. High brand power provides a company with many competitive advantages. A powerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty. Because consumers expect stores to carry the brand, the company has more bargaining power when negotiating with retailers. And because the brand name brings high credibility, a company with a strong brand can more easily launch new products with the same brand name. Many companies use the advantage of a strong brand power strategically to expand their business. When a company introduces an additional item with a new flavour, form, colour or package size in a given product category and under the same brand name, it is called a line extension. Another strategy is called brand extension. This involves the use of a successful brand name to launch new or modified products in a new category, thereby employing brand recognition in order to increase sales of new products. Brand recognition is certainly important. Because consumers often hold long-standing perceptions about brands, high brand power ensure a company continued sales of its products. 40. What does the word “assets” in the 2nd paragraph mean? A. points B. advantages C. aspects D. elements 41. All of the following statements are the advantages of a high brand power EXCEPT that________. A. a high brand wins the loyalty of consumers B. a high brand usually sets a much higher price C. it’s easy for a high brand company to launch new products D. a high brand company is more competitive when doing business with retailers 42. A brand extension ________. A. happens when the company is developing a new product B. means the expansion of a company’s business in its established field C. takes place when the company introduces a similar item but with a new colour D. refers to the use of an established brand name to promote a new product in a new category 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。这篇文章主要讲了商标的力量。拥有知名品牌对于一家公司来说不仅意味着更大的主动权，还代表着更强的用户黏性。在打造出一个成功的品牌后，公司往往会以扩张产品线或增加新产品的方式来谋求进一步的发展。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“Brands are powerful to the extent that they give high brand loyalty and strong brand associations, name recognition, perceived quality”可知，此处一直在讲品牌的重要性，尤其是品牌所能带来的优势：更高的用户忠诚度、品牌联想认知度、认可度等。由此推知，此处assets应该是“优势”的意思。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A powerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty. Because consumers expect stores to carry the brand, the company has more bargaining power when negotiating with retailers. And because the brand name brings high credibility, a company with a strong brand can more easily launch new products with the same brand name.(一个强大的品牌享有较高的消费者品牌意识和忠诚度。由于消费者期望商店拥有品牌，公司在与零售商谈判时具有更大的议价能力。因为品牌名称带来了很高的可信度，一个品牌强大的公司可以更容易地推出相同品牌的新产品)”可知，A、C、D项都是较高品牌能力的优势。B项“一个知名品牌的定价通常会高得多”这一点在文章中并没有提到。故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Another strategy is called brand extension. This involves the use of a successful brand name to launch new or modified products in a new category, thereby employing brand recognition in order to increase sales of new products.(另一种策略称为品牌延伸。这涉及在一个新的类别中使用一个成功的品牌名称推出新的或修改的产品，采用品牌识别，以增加新产品的销售)”可知，a brand extension指的是“利用强有力的已有品牌认可度进行新产品促销”。故选D。 (C) “It’s free and always will be,” Facebook promised on its landing page for nearly a decade. The world’s largest social network still is. But from this week its users and those of its sister app, Instagram, will have the option of paying $11.99 a month for a “verified (经核实的)” account, buying them better customer service and more widely distributed posts. The subscription is the latest example of a growing trend. Last June Snapchat, a messaging app popular among 20-somethings, launched a $3.99 plan called Snapchat+. In December Twitter relaunched Twitter Blue, an $8-per-month service. Like Facebook’s offering, both offer extra services, the most significant being a higher visibility of the user’s posts in others’ feeds. It is hardly surprising that ad-supported networks are looking to diversify their sources of income. After years of non-stop growth the online-advertising business has hit a speed bump. The great one-off shift of ad budgets from online locations, like newspapers, to the web is mostly complete. The results have been painful. Meta, Facebook’s parent company, has reported falling profit in each of the past three quarters. Snap, which owns Snapchat, has lost nearly 90% of its market value in the same period. Subscriptions are no substitute for ads. Snap said that 2.5 million people had signed up to Snapchat+, less than 1% of its app’s 375 million daily users. That implies annual subscription sales of no more than $120 million, or less than 3% of Snap’s total income last year. Though Twitter has not said how many have joined, a recent leak put the figure at below 300,000. To the extent that social networks employ subscription it will mean a windfall for the mobile platforms that host their apps. Google, which runs the Android operating system, and Apple, which runs iOS, make no money from apps’ advertising, but take a cut of consumers’ in-app purchases, including subscriptions. Having blocked the mobile ad business with new privacy rules, Apple and Google stand to profit from the resulting move to subscriptions. There may be a sting in the tail. While Meta’s new service costs $11.99 for those signing up or the web, the price if paying through the app is $14.99. Similarly, Mr Musk, who has called Apple’s fees “a 30% tax on the Internet”, charges $8 for Twitter Blue online and $11 in the app. Such pricing has proved controversial, with Apple blocking apps such as Fortnite, a video game which told users they could pay less in a browser. But as more large companies adopt differential pricing, consumers may learn that they can get a big discount by signing up outside Apple and Google’s ecosystems. 43. What trend is described in the first two paragraphs? A. Social media platforms start to increase their subscription fees. B. Social media platforms are losing their appeal to young people. C. Social media platforms start to offer paid subscription services. D. Social media platforms are making efforts to maintain their users. 44. Why do social networks need to have more sources of income? A. Their market value has just started to rise. B. Ad budgets are returning to offline locations. C. Ad companies are giving up online platforms. D. Their online advertising business is slowing down. 45. The statistics in paragraph 4 are intended to ________. A. suggest a more feasible substitute for online advertising B. show that the contribution from the subscriptions is limited C. criticize social media platforms for their misleading information D. imply that there is no need to provide extra services for paying users 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Consumers can apply for a discount if they subscribe in apps. B. The mobile platforms may well benefit from the subscription plans. C. New privacy rules will impact negatively on the subscription services. D. Differential pricing will become a thing of the past due to consumers’ opposition. 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. B 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讨论了社交媒体平台开始提供付费订阅服务这一趋势。由于在线广告业务增长放缓，像 Facebook、Snapchat和Twitter这样的社交媒体平台纷纷推出付费订阅服务以增加收入来源。同时，文章通过数据表明目前订阅服务的贡献有限，并指出移动平台可能会从这些订阅计划中受益。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The world’s largest social network still is. But from this week its users and those of its sister app, Instagram, will have the option of paying $11.99 a month for a “verified (经核实的)” account, buying them better customer service and more widely distributed posts. (世界上最大的社交网络仍然是如此。但从本周开始，其用户以及其姊妹应用 Instagram 的用户将可以选择每月支付11.99美元获得一个“经核实的”账户，这将为他们带来更好的客户服务以及更广泛传播的帖子。)”及第二段中“Last June Snapchat, a messaging app popular among 20-somethings, launched a $3.99 plan called Snapchat+. In December Twitter relaunched Twitter Blue, an $8-per-month service. (去年六月，在二十几岁人群中很受欢迎的即时通讯应用Snapchat 推出了一项3.99美元的计划，名为Snapchat+。去年十二月，推特重新推出了推特蓝，这是一项每月8美元的服务。)”可知，前两段描述了社交媒体平台开始提供付费订阅服务。故选C项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“After years of non-stop growth the online-advertising business has hit a speed bump. The great one-off shift of ad budgets from online locations, like newspapers, to the web is mostly complete. The results have been painful. Meta, Facebook’s parent company, has reported falling profit in each of the past three quarters. Snap, which owns Snapchat, has lost nearly 90% of its market value in the same period. (经过多年的持续增长，在线广告业务遭遇了减速带。广告预算从报纸等在线平台一次性大规模转移到网络的进程基本完成。结果令人痛苦。Meta（脸书的母公司）在过去三个季度中每个季度都报告利润下降。拥有Snapchat的Snap在同一时期市值缩水近90%。)”可知，社交网络的在线广告业务正在放缓，所以他们需要有更多的收入来源。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Subscriptions are no substitute for ads. Snap said that 2.5 million people had signed up to Snapchat+, less than 1% of its app’s 375 million daily users. That implies annual subscription sales of no more than $120 million, or less than 3% of Snap’s total income last year. Though Twitter has not said how many have joined, a recent leak put the figure at below 300,000. (订阅无法替代广告。Snap表示，有250万人注册了Snapchat+，这还不到其应用程序3.75亿日活跃用户的1%。这意味着年订阅销售额不超过1.2亿美元，还不到Snap去年总收入的3%。尽管推特没有透露有多少人加入，但最近的一次泄密显示这个数字低于30万。)”可知，这些统计数据表明，与公司的总收入相比，订阅服务的贡献是有限的，故选B项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Google, which runs the Android operating system, and Apple, which runs iOS, make no money from apps’ advertising, but take a cut of consumers’ in-app purchases, including subscriptions. Having blocked the mobile ad business with new privacy rules, Apple and Google stand to profit from the resulting move to subscriptions. (运行安卓（Android）操作系统的谷歌（Google）和运行iOS操作系统的苹果（Apple）并不从应用广告中获利，而是从消费者的应用内购买（包括订阅）中抽成。在用新的隐私规则阻止移动广告业务之后，苹果和谷歌将从由此产生的订阅业务中获利。)”可知，移动平台可能会从社交网络的订阅计划中受益，因为他们通过应用内购买收取分成。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Killed the Dinosaurs? Dinosaurs ruled Earth for 160 million years. But, suddenly, about 65 million years ago, they all died. This is very surprising because there were very many different species of dinosaur, all suited to different climates and conditions. The normal causes of extinction, such as natural climate change, may explain why some species of dinosaur died out, but not all of them. ____47____ So, what was this disaster? In the past, scientists thought of many possible explanations, like disease, earthquakes, or volcanoes. Unfortunately, for a long time, there was no strong evidence for any of them. This changed, however, in 1980. Researchers, led by Nobel Prize winner Luis Alvarez, noticed something unusual. ____48____ Alvarez and his team were amazed to find that the layer of rock that matched the time of the dinosaurs’ extinction 65 million years ago had a very large amount of something called iridium. And it was all around the world. Iridium is very unusual; there is very little of it on Earth. ____49____ What amazed the Alvarez team was that this was about the same amount as the percentage of iridium in meteorites (陨石). How could this material spread all around Earth? Scientists can predict what might happen when a large asteroid (小行星) hit Earth, sending dust up into the atmosphere. Winds would spread it around the world. It would stay in the atmosphere for several years, stopping sunlight. This would cause plants and trees to die. Animals that used to eat the plants would starve, as would the meat-eating animals that ate them. ____50____ No large animal can live for years without food. By now, you might be thinking that there should be more physical evidence, such as a crater where the asteroid hit. In 1990 scientists found just a crater. The Chicxulub crater in Mexico is 180 kilometers across, just the size that the Alvarez team estimated. A. This was the only mass extinction in Earth’s history — there were several others long before the dinosaurs. B. To help us explain what this was, we have to know that rock is often in layers, each layer matching a different time in history. C. Dinosaurs, at the top of the food chain, would suffer most. D. As we will see, it seems likely that a major and sudden disaster caused their disappearance. E. Iridium (铱) is widely used by the telecommunications industry for its stability. F. In fact, there was 30 to 130 times more of this material than normal in this layer of rock. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. F 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了关于恐龙灭绝原因的科学探索，特别是Alvarez团队发现铱元素异常，进而提出小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的理论。 【47题详解】 由上文“The normal causes of extinction, such as natural climate change, may explain why some species of dinosaur died out, but not all of them. (正常的灭绝原因，如自然气候变化，可能解释为什么一些恐龙物种灭绝，但不能解释所有恐龙为何灭绝。)”以及下文“So, what was this disaster? (那么，这场灾难是什么？)”可知，本空要说一场重大突发灾难导致了恐龙的全部灭绝，D选项“As we will see, it seems likely that a major and sudden disaster caused their disappearance. (正如我们将看到的，似乎很可能是一场重大而突然的灾难导致了它们的消失。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“a major and sudden disaster”指代上文未能解释全部灭绝的原因，且该选项中的“disaster”与下文的“this disaster”相呼应，表示下文将探讨这场灾难的具体内容。 【48题详解】 由上文“Researchers, led by Nobel Prize winner Luis Alvarez, noticed something unusual. (由诺贝尔奖得主Luis Alvarez领导的研究人员注意到了一些不寻常的事情。)”以及下文“Alvarez and his team were amazed to find that the layer of rock that matched the time of the dinosaurs’ extinction 65 million years ago had a very large amount of something called iridium.（Alvarez和他的团队惊讶地发现，与6500万年前恐龙灭绝时间相匹配的岩层中含有大量被称为铱的物质。)”可知，本空要说关于岩石分层的背景知识，B选项“To help us explain what this was, we have to know that rock is often in layers, each layer matching a different time in history. (为了帮助我们解释这是什么，我们必须知道岩石通常是一层一层的，每一层对应着不同的历史时期。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“rock is often in layers”与下文的“the layer of rock”相呼应，表示为下文发现岩层中的铱元素做铺垫。 【49题详解】 由上文“Iridium is very unusual; there is very little of it on Earth. (铱非常罕见；地球上铱的含量很少。)”以及下文“What amazed the Alvarez team was that this was about the same amount as the percentage of iridium in meteorites (陨石). (让Alvarez团队惊讶的是，这与陨石中铱的百分比大致相同。)”可知，本空要说岩层中铱的含量异常之高，F选项“In fact, there was 30 to 130 times more of this material than normal in this layer of rock. (事实上，这层岩石中这种物质的含量比正常情况高出30到130倍。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“this material”指代上文的“iridium”，且该选项中的“30 to 130 times more than normal”与下文的“about the same amount as the percentage of iridium in meteorites”相呼应，表示铱含量异常高才足以与陨石含量进行对比。 【50题详解】 由上文“This would cause plants and trees to die. Animals that used to eat the plants would starve, as would the meat-eating animals that ate them. (这将导致植物和树木死亡。过去吃植物的动物会挨饿，吃它们的食肉动物也会挨饿。)”以及下文“No large animal can live for years without food. (没有大型动物可以在没有食物的情况下生存多年。)”可知，本空要说恐龙在食物链中的位置使其受最大影响，C选项“Dinosaurs, at the top of the food chain, would suffer most. (处于食物链顶端的恐龙会遭受最大的痛苦。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“at the top of the food chain”与上文的“Animals that used to eat the plants would starve, as would the meat-eating animals that ate them.”形成食物链逻辑，且该选项中的“suffer most”与下文的“No large animal can live for years without food”相呼应，表示恐龙作为大型动物和食物链顶端生物，在食物链崩溃后无法生存。 第II卷 IV. Verb Filling 51. To my surprise, the course named “Introduction to Three Dimensional Design” was not computer-based at all, but ________ (focus) on materials and their properties. 【答案】focused 【解析】 【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是，这门名为“三维设计导论”的课程根本不是基于电脑教学的，而是聚焦于材料及其特性。not...but...表示“不是……而是……”，是固定用法，前后应是平行结构，因此空处应与computer-based结构一致，应用形容词focused。 52. We were later told that the haircut is believed ________ productivity, encourage focus on studies, and promote personal cleanliness. (increase) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to increase 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们后来得知，据信这种发型提高效率、促进学生专注学业，并培养个人卫生习惯。根据空前的is believed可知，此处为固定句型结构“主语+be believed+to do sth.”，意为“（主语）被认为做某事”，空处应填不定式to increase。 53. On 30 August 1916, two years after the expedition began, they returned to Elephant Island in a small boat ________ by the Chilean government. (provide) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】provided 【解析】 【详解】句意：1916年8月30日，探险启程两年后，他们乘坐一艘由智利政府提供的小船返回象岛。分析句子结构可知，空格修饰名词boat，boat和provide之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词provided作后置定语。 54. My friend, who had persuaded me to go away to sea, came up to me so as to make sure that my good resolutions about going back to my father’s house no longer ________. (exist) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】existed 【解析】 【详解】句意：劝我出海的朋友走过来，以便确认我关于回父亲家的美好决心已不复存在。分析句式结构可知，空格处是谓语动词的位置，因为主句谓语came up为一般过去时，宾语从句中对应的动作“存在”也发生在过去，需要和整体过去的语境保持时态一致，所以将所给动词exist变为一般过去式existed。 55. Is ________ on hydroponics (水栽法) a good strategy for feeding people in the future? If so, we should begin today to teach people the principles and benefits of hydroponics. (rely) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】relying 【解析】 【详解】句意：依靠水栽法是未来养活人们的好办法吗？如果是，我们现在就应该开始向人们讲解水栽法的原理和好处。句子缺少主语，要用动名词作主语，表示“依靠水栽法”这一行为，rely的动名词形式为relying。 56. If players need to set their own objectives, ________ sure this is clear. Otherwise, they may spend their time struggling to figure out the supposed end goal rather than enjoying the game.(make) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】make 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果玩家需要设定自己的目标，务必把这点交代清楚。否则，他们可能会费尽心思琢磨预设的最终目标，而无法享受游戏。题干中If引导条件状语从句，空处为主句谓语，此处主句是用于给出建议/指令的祈使句，祈使句需要以动词原形开头。 57. With so many young “buy now, pay later” shoppers already in debt from this short-term financing tool not requiring interest, questions emerge: why do these shoppers use such a tool? And what risks does it pose to their budgets in the months ________(come)? 【答案】to come 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于众多年轻“先买后付”购物者已因这种无需支付利息的短期融资工具背上了债务，问题随之而来：这些购物者为何选择使用此类工具？而在接下来的几个月里，它又会给他们的财务预算带来哪些风险？根据句意，此处指的是在“在未来几个月”，应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词months，表示“即将到来的”。 58. The incredible rock formations have resulted in the park ________ as a World Heritage Site, thanks to its extraordinary size and scientific importance — making it one of only 13 natural US sites with that title. (recognize) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being recognized 【解析】 【详解】句意：得益于其宏大的规模与科研价值，奇特的岩层构造使得这座公园被认定为世界遗产，也让它成为美国仅有的13处获此称号的自然遗址之一。result in意为“导致，造成”，in是介词，the park和动词recognize之间是被动关系，此空填动名词的被动形式being recognized，构成动名词的复合结构“the park being recognized”作resulted in的宾语。 59. The analysis by Friedman and Kern highlighted a significant correlation between conscientiousness (尽责性) and lifespan, ________ that personal traits play a critical role in determining longevity. (suggest) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】suggesting 【解析】 【详解】句意：弗里德曼和克恩的分析强调了尽责性与寿命之间存在显著关联，表明个人特质在决定寿命方面起到关键作用。句子已有谓语动词highlighted，空格处需填入所给动词suggest的非谓语形式作结果状语，表示前面整个主句（分析结果）自然而然带来的结论或推论，二者为主动关系，因此使用现在分词形式suggesting，意为“表明”，符合语境。 60. There are many different ways food ________: farmers only pick the best-looking crops, deliveries aren’t made on time, supermarkets throw out extra products, customers buy more than they need, and so on. (waste) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is wasted 【解析】 【详解】句意：食物被浪费的方式有很多种：农民只挑选品相最好的作物、配送不及时、超市丢弃多余的产品、顾客购买超出需求量的食物等等。food到空格结束为定语从句，修饰先行词ways，表示“食物被浪费的方式”，定语从句中food为主语，从句中缺少谓语；food与waste之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且根据原句用一般现在时，空处也应用一般现在时；主语为food，be动词用is，即is wasted。 V.Translation(3+3+4+5+5=20’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 61. 旅行可以让你接触到不同的文化和视角。(expose) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Travel/Travelling can expose you to different cultures and perspectives. 【解析】 【详解】“旅行”表达为名词travel作主语，或使用动名词形式travelling作主语；“可以”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形形式，“使某人接触……”表达为固定搭配expose sb. to sth.；“不同的文化”表达为different cultures；“视角”表达为perspective，使用复数形式perspectives，与cultures并列，作宾语。 62. 上海车展一直是公众感受全球新品首发的“打卡地”。(launch) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Shanghai Auto Show has always been a “check-in spot” for the public to experience the global launch of new products. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语、不定式和时态。表示“上海车展”应用名词短语The Shanghai Auto Show，作句子主语；表示“一直是”应用 has always been，结合语境可知用现在完成时；表示“打卡地”应用名词短语a “check-in spot”，作表语；表示“公众”应用名词the public；表示“感受”应用动词experience；表示“全球新品首发”结合提示词launch，短语为the global launch of new products，其中launch为名词，作动词experience的宾语；“公众感受全球新品首发的”为不定式短语for the public to experience the global launch of new products，作后置定语修饰a “check-in spot”。故翻译为The Shanghai Auto Show has always been a “check-in spot” for the public to experience the global launch of new products. 63. 由周轶君执导的教育纪录片《他乡的童年》(Childhood Elsewhere)温柔地提醒着身为成年人的我们，不要用单一的标准去评判孩子。(base) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The educational documentary Childhood Elsewhere directed by Zhou Yijun gently reminds us adults that we should not judge children based on a single standard. 【解析】 【详解】表示“由周轶君执导的教育纪录片《他乡的童年》”译为过去分词短语directed by Zhou Yijun，作后置定语修饰主语The educational documentary Childhood Elsewhere；表示“温柔地提醒着”译为gently remind sb. that…，that引导宾语从句；表示“成年人”译为复数名词adults；从句主语为we，表示“评判孩子”译为judge children，为否定句，should not后跟动词原形；表示“用单一的标准”译为based on a single standard。陈述客观事实用一般现在时。 64. 在经历了一系列突如其来、威胁生命的事件之后，他开始意识到，面对紧急情况时，人们只有保持镇静、同心协力才能更快找到应对之法。（Having...）(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Having experienced a series of sudden and life-threatening events, he began to realize that only by staying calm and working together could people find solutions faster when facing emergencies. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述过去的事情，整体用一般过去时；结合提示词Having以及句意可知，“在经历了一系列突如其来、威胁生命的事件之后”用分词完成式作时间状语，“经历”这一动作发生在主句动作“开始意识到”之前，且与逻辑主语“他”为主动关系，用现在分词的完成式having experienced；“一系列”表达为固定短语a series of，修饰名词；“突如其来”表达为形容词sudden，作定语修饰events；“威胁生命的”表达为复合形容词life-threatening，作定语修饰events；“他开始意识到”表达为he began to realize；“面对紧急情况时”表达为when facing emergencies；“人们只有保持镇静、同心协力才能更快找到应对之法”表达为that引导的宾语从句，“只有保持镇静、同心协力”表达为only by staying calm and working together，置于句首引起部分倒装，将情态动词could“能够”提至主语people之前；“更快找到应对之法”表达为find solutions faster。 65. 无需多久，无人驾驶飞机送外卖这个当下鲜为人知的小行业，将迅速发展成为一个年销售额逾千亿美元的大产业，许多人将在这个产业里找到机遇。(before) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 It will not be long before drone delivery, a currently little-known small industry, rapidly develops into a large industry with annual sales of over 100 billion dollars, where many people will find opportunities. 【解析】 【详解】“无需多久”表达为固定句型It will not be long before；“无人驾驶飞机送外卖”表达为drone delivery；“当下鲜为人知的”表达为currently little-known；“发展成”为“develop into”；“一个年销售额逾千亿美元的大产业”为a large industry with annual sales of over 100 billion dollars；“找到机遇”表达为 find opportunities。 before引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”规则；a currently little-known small industry为drone delivery的同位语，起到解释说明作用；with介词短语修饰名词industry；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a large industry。定语从句描述将来的动作，为一般将来时。 VI. Guided Writing (25’) 66. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-200 words according to the information given below. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的学校邀请了在今年巴黎奥运会网球女单赛场上勇夺桂冠的郑钦文（Queen Wen）来校与同学们分享她的冠军之路和人生感悟，由你负责与她联系。她给你发了一封电子邮件（内容如下），请根据她在电子邮件中提出的要求写一封回信。 Dear Li Hua, Thanks for inviting me. For my sharing session, I’d like to know what interests you students most about tennis, the sport that I play, or me. Please give me two questions you’d like me to answer and tell me why you choose those two questions. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Queen Wen ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Queen Wen, Thank you so much for your reply. I’m Li Hua from Mingqi Middle School, who is in charge of preparing for your upcoming sharing session. Hearing that you are available to come to our school, all the students are filled with excitement and eager to listen to the stories behind your Paris Olympic championship. Here are two questions we are most curious about, along with our reasons. First, how do you adjust your state and keep positive when under pressure and facing unexpected defeats in tough tennis matches? Faced with constant exams and setbacks in schoolwork, many of us often become disheartened. We hope your real-life experience can motivate us to face difficulties bravely. Second, what is the most valuable quality for teenagers to stick to their dreams? Lots of us cherish beautiful dreams, yet we may give up easily when meeting obstacles. Your invaluable life wisdom will light our way forward. We would appreciate it if you could answer the above questions during your speech. We are eagerly expecting your visit. Looking forward to your arrival. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学学生李华的身份给在今年巴黎奥运会网球女单赛场上勇夺桂冠的郑钦文写一封回信。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 保持：keep→maintain 面对：face→be confronted with 照亮：light→illuminate 期待：expect→anticipate 2. 句式拓展 同义句 原句：Lots of us cherish beautiful dreams, yet we may give up easily when meeting obstacles.  拓展句：Although lots of us cherish beautiful dreams, we may give up easily when meeting obstacles. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you are available to come to our school, all the students are filled with excitement and eager to listen to the stories behind your Paris Olympic championship. (运用了现在分词Hearing作原因状语以及that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】We would appreciate it if you could answer the above questions during your speech. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 莘庄中学2024学年第一学期高二英语期中考试卷 I. Listening Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Spend more time working on chemistry problems. B. Talk to his advisor about dropping the course. C. Work on the assignment with a classmate. D. Ask graduate assistants for help. 2. A. Go home to get the washing. B. Send dirty clothes to the laundry. C. Pick up the washing. D. Remind the woman to hurry up. 3. A. The woman could use his calculator. B. He’ll finish the adding up for the woman. C. The woman’s calculator is better than his. D. He’s faster at adding numbers up than the woman. 4. A. The final will begin next week. B. The man should talk with his doctor again. C. She hopes the man will be able to play in the final. D. She wants the man to watch the soccer game with her. 5. A. The advisor will approve of the man’s class schedule. B. The advisor is not easy to make an appointment with. C. The man should work harder next semester. D. The man should go to see his advisor. 6. A. An educational policy. B. An economic issue. C. A heated debate. D. A famous economist. 7. A. The former is more valued than the latter. B. Views on them vary from person to person. C. The former is less valued than the latter. D. Neither of them should be valued so much. 8. A. Disappointed. B. Puzzled. C. Astonished. D. Relieved. 9. A. Why the woman took up this job. B. Why there are ice-cream tasting schools. C. How the man went into the ice-cream business. D. How it feels to work as an ice-cream taster. 10. A. They can go to the theater on foot. B. The theater is on the other side of the town. C. This town is big enough to walk around. D. Everything in the town is worth visiting. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13arebased on the following news. 11. A. A doctor. B. A model. C. A TV host. D. A magazine editor. 12. A. Kirsty is very likely to develop an eating disorder. B. Teen programmes talk a lot about appearance. C. Being thin is a common trend. D. Magazines are informative. 13. A. How to develop a healthy diet. B. Whether the media are a bad influence. C. How to follow famous people’s lifestyles. D. Whether your appearance should matter or not. Questions 14through 16arebased on the following news report. 14. A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explorer. B. He had reached the pole before Peary did. C. Peary had announced his success too late. D. Peary’s exploration wasn’t thoroughly investigated. 15. A. They interviewed Peary himself. B. They examined the tools that Peary used. C. They talked to one of Peary’s companions. D. They conducted a computer analysis of his photographs. 16. A. Exploration of space. B. Doctor Cook’s exploration. C. Exploration of the South Pole. D. The Navigation Foundation’s conclusions. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A biologist. B. A psychologist. C. An artist. D. A reporter. 18. A. Talents play a role in children’s overall development. B. Typical parental involvement is not as important as thought. C. Arts training will improve children’s performance in other subjects. D. Children need to be assigned to different groups according to their ability. 19. A. Its subjects were young children. B. It showed what skill is essential to maths. C. It illustrated why abstract reasoning is important. D. Its results helped explain why parents turn to arts education. 20. A. Possibly by helping activate children’s brains. B. Possibly by helping raise educators’ awareness. C. Possibly by helping children learn how to learn. D. Possibly by helping scientists find a rich environment II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years ____1____ it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow ____2____ (use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food. In western Asia, another extremely important invention ____3____ (bear) — the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed little since. Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians (腓尼基人) used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce ____4____ else without which we would be lost. How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don’t think much about them, ____5____ we? Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II (萨尔贡二世). Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting ____6____ first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. ____7____ (early) examples are knitted socks! Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old. Time flies and we spend a lot of time ____8____ (check) how much time we have left! This would be impossible ____9____ clocks and watches, which are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPods. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch-face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, ____10____ (remain) largely unchanged ever since. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. modest B. creative C. confirm D. pace E. increasingly F. emerging G. scoring H. caps I. evenly J. access K. collapse Bathroom Reveals Your Repayment Ability Banks and other lenders typically look at borrowers’ credit histories, tax forms and other financial information to determine whether they will get paid back. In China, ____11____ lenders also look at borrowers’ bathrooms. As the economy slows, the government wants to develop a credit culture to get Chinese families spending instead of saving. While the country is getting wealthier, the financial system has not kept ____12____. Some people have had no ____13____ to credit card or mortgage, so lenders often have little reliable information about potential borrowers. To fill the gaps, one lender, China Rapid Finance, assigns its investigators to check for the number of toothbrushes or towels to determine how many people are living in a house. They look for dirty dishes in the kitchen. They take photos of a potential borrower at work to ____14____ employment status. A growing number of companies are trying to crack the credit code in China. The Internet giants Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu are developing credit ____15____ systems based on users’ online transactions (交易) and search histories. The World Bank estimated that 79 percent of China’s population above the age of 15 have bank accounts, while only 10 percent have ever borrowed from the formal financial system. China’s banks have a(n) ____16____ consumers lending business. Contrarily, online lenders are ____17____ as the pioneers, satisfying China’s rising consumer class. Alibaba’s financial affiliate (隶属机构), Huabei, makes small loans to online shoppers and vendors (小贩) on its e-commerce platforms. Peer-to-peer platforms have proved hugely popular in China, but the industry’s reputation has been ruined by scandal, like the ____18____ of Ezubao (易租宝). After that, regulators have stepped up their supervision of online lenders, which includes setting ____19____ on the amounts that can be borrowed. The regulators’ tightening management is “something like a shepherd herding (放牧) his sheep into a(n) _____20_____ narrowing pen (围栏),” said Mark Natkin, the founder and managing director at Marbridge Consulting, based in Beijing. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We often see human evolution through a series of technological advances that provided material benefits. ____21____, when our ancestors learned to make weapons, they could hunt more effectively and secure more reliable sources of meat. Softer aspects of life, such as the ways we socialise, might seem less important to the ____22____ of our species. But Christopher Lynn, an anthropologist (人类学家), says we socialise not because we like to, but because we ____23____ to. It all began, he says, when our ancestors learned to control fire. We have known for decades that the use of fire ____24____ life for early humans. It allowed them to cook food, for example, making it easier to digest. But there is another crucial side to fire: its role as a source of light around which people can ____25____ at night. One of the few researchers to consider the ____26____ importance of firelight is anthropologist Polly Wiessner. For decades, she has been visiting the Ju/’ hoansi, hunter-gatherers who live in southern Africa, to study their way of life. After she explored the content of more than 150 Ju/’ hoansi ____27____ she had documented, she made a remarkable discovery. During the day, the talk was relatively ____28____: about one-third of discussions concerned such topics as hunting strategies, for instance, with another third devoted to complaints about group members. Around the campfire at night, however, around 80 percent of discussions were in the form of stories. Some were funny, others exciting — all were ____29____. Yet they often also contained information about social manners and tradition, as well as about geographically distant social contacts who could be visited for help during times of hardship. ____30____, listening to these stories had the potential to make life and survival easier. “In the big picture, stories are probably ____31____ than day talk,” says Weisser. But there is another way fire might have ____32____ us as a social species. The archaeological (考古的) record suggests that campfires appeared perhaps 1.5 million years ago, but humans actually learned to light fires for at least another million years. If so, then fire was, for much of human prehistory, a resource that had to be gathered from the ____33____. That can be difficult, says Lynn, so would have encouraged people to cooperate with one another to keep their campfires burning. He believes that is a big reason why groups containing the most ____34____ humans survived well over time. Throw in the idea that these groups used fireside gatherings to share informative stories at night, and you get a situation where humans ____35____ to find fire comforting, unlike other animals, and to enjoy cooperating, socializing, and storytelling around the flames. 21. A. In addition B. For instance C. On the contrary D. By all means 22. A. distribution B. exchange C. success D. appearance 23. A. learn B. need C. refuse D. happen 24. A. sustained B. experienced C. transformed D. complicated 25. A. gather B. look C. work D. travel 26. A. strategical B. commercial C. environmental D. social 27. A. conversations B. rituals C. behaviours D. schedules 28. A. emotional B. unreal C. cultural D. practical 29. A. entertaining B. traditional C. scaring D. educational 30. A. For instance B. In other words C. What’s more D. By comparison 31. A. less valuable B. less common C. more important D. more surprising 32. A. protected B. challenged C. guided D. bound 33. A. animals B. tribesmen C. awareness D. environment 34. A. intelligent B. hardworking C. cooperative D. courageous 35. A. wished B. evolved C. remembered D. struggled Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) No offense to you, but scientists have found that mosquitoes may find your feet as appealing as Limburger cheese. If that’s you, don’t panic-it doesn’t mean you’re not washing them enough. Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA. A research team out of London recently investigated the genetic role in mosquito attraction by testing the bite appeal of 18 identical and 19 fraternal (异卵的) pairs of female twins. In a series of tests, 20 hungry mosquitoes were released into the end of a Y-shaped tube and allowed to choose whether to follow their noses left or right. Down either path was one twin’s hand, releasing its delicious natural odors (气味) but protected from bites behind a screen. After testing all 37 twin pairs, scientists found that the identical twins had consistently more similar attraction scores than the fraternal ones did — specifically, 67 percent of a person’s insect attractiveness had to do with her genes. So what’s the deal: Is DNA smelly? Thankfully, no. But specific DNA does attract unique species of micro-bacteria to your body — and those are what mosquitoes just can’t resist. Each of us, right now, is covered with about 100 trillion microbes (微生物), outnumbering our human DNA ten to one. Maybe stranger still: Scientists believe we share only a small part of these microbial species with one another, making our “microbiome” — the world of bacteria living in and on us — distinct, just like our fingerprints. In addition to producing many of the vitamins and chemicals in our blood, our microbiome is thought to be responsible for most of our distinct odors as well. Different mosquitoes prefer different smells from different parts of the body, and those smells come from chemicals produced by our microbiomes. So the next time a group of hungry mosquitoes flying around your cousin but leaves you bite-free, thank your DNA for the world of microscopic creatures on your skin that produce just the right smell to make the mosquitoes dizzy. 36. What is the main reason why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others? A. They have a specific type of DNA. B. They don’t wash their hands enough. C. They eat too much Limberger cheese. D. They have some especially smelly DNA. 37. What was the primary method used by researchers in London in their study? A. Measuring the amount of sweat produced by twins. B. Comparing the bacteria on the hands of the 37 twins. C. Releasing mosquitoes into a tube to follow their noses. D. Observing mosquitoes’ behavior in a natural environment. 38. Why is our microbiome compared to our fingerprints in paragraph 4? A. They both need vitamins. B. They are both unique to us. C. They both contain the same chemicals. D. They are both responsible for our odors. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why mosquitoes are smelly? B. How mosquito bites harm us? C. Why mosquitoes find you irresistible? D. How mosquito bites are hard to discover? (B) A brand is a name, word, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of these, intended to identify the goods or services of a company or a group of companies. Another purpose of a brand is to contrast one company from another. The most important skill of professional marketers is the ability to create, maintain, protect, and enhance the brands of their products and services. Branding has become so important that today hardly any company or product is without one. Therefore, brand management is an increasingly important element in marketing. Brand power refers to the relative strength of a company’s brand in the minds of consumers, and can influence consumers’ choice of products. Brands are powerful to the extent that they give high brand loyalty and strong brand associations, name recognition, perceived quality and other assets to a company. A strong brand can be one of a company’s most important assets. High brand power provides a company with many competitive advantages. A powerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty. Because consumers expect stores to carry the brand, the company has more bargaining power when negotiating with retailers. And because the brand name brings high credibility, a company with a strong brand can more easily launch new products with the same brand name. Many companies use the advantage of a strong brand power strategically to expand their business. When a company introduces an additional item with a new flavour, form, colour or package size in a given product category and under the same brand name, it is called a line extension. Another strategy is called brand extension. This involves the use of a successful brand name to launch new or modified products in a new category, thereby employing brand recognition in order to increase sales of new products. Brand recognition is certainly important. Because consumers often hold long-standing perceptions about brands, high brand power ensure a company continued sales of its products. 40. What does the word “assets” in the 2nd paragraph mean? A. points B. advantages C. aspects D. elements 41. All of the following statements are the advantages of a high brand power EXCEPT that________. A. a high brand wins the loyalty of consumers B. a high brand usually sets a much higher price C. it’s easy for a high brand company to launch new products D. a high brand company is more competitive when doing business with retailers 42. A brand extension ________. A. happens when the company is developing a new product B. means the expansion of a company’s business in its established field C. takes place when the company introduces a similar item but with a new colour D. refers to the use of an established brand name to promote a new product in a new category (C) “It’s free and always will be,” Facebook promised on its landing page for nearly a decade. The world’s largest social network still is. But from this week its users and those of its sister app, Instagram, will have the option of paying $11.99 a month for a “verified (经核实的)” account, buying them better customer service and more widely distributed posts. The subscription is the latest example of a growing trend. Last June Snapchat, a messaging app popular among 20-somethings, launched a $3.99 plan called Snapchat+. In December Twitter relaunched Twitter Blue, an $8-per-month service. Like Facebook’s offering, both offer extra services, the most significant being a higher visibility of the user’s posts in others’ feeds. It is hardly surprising that ad-supported networks are looking to diversify their sources of income. After years of non-stop growth the online-advertising business has hit a speed bump. The great one-off shift of ad budgets from online locations, like newspapers, to the web is mostly complete. The results have been painful. Meta, Facebook’s parent company, has reported falling profit in each of the past three quarters. Snap, which owns Snapchat, has lost nearly 90% of its market value in the same period. Subscriptions are no substitute for ads. Snap said that 2.5 million people had signed up to Snapchat+, less than 1% of its app’s 375 million daily users. That implies annual subscription sales of no more than $120 million, or less than 3% of Snap’s total income last year. Though Twitter has not said how many have joined, a recent leak put the figure at below 300,000. To the extent that social networks employ subscription it will mean a windfall for the mobile platforms that host their apps. Google, which runs the Android operating system, and Apple, which runs iOS, make no money from apps’ advertising, but take a cut of consumers’ in-app purchases, including subscriptions. Having blocked the mobile ad business with new privacy rules, Apple and Google stand to profit from the resulting move to subscriptions. There may be a sting in the tail. While Meta’s new service costs $11.99 for those signing up or the web, the price if paying through the app is $14.99. Similarly, Mr Musk, who has called Apple’s fees “a 30% tax on the Internet”, charges $8 for Twitter Blue online and $11 in the app. Such pricing has proved controversial, with Apple blocking apps such as Fortnite, a video game which told users they could pay less in a browser. But as more large companies adopt differential pricing, consumers may learn that they can get a big discount by signing up outside Apple and Google’s ecosystems. 43. What trend is described in the first two paragraphs? A. Social media platforms start to increase their subscription fees. B. Social media platforms are losing their appeal to young people. C. Social media platforms start to offer paid subscription services. D. Social media platforms are making efforts to maintain their users. 44. Why do social networks need to have more sources of income? A. Their market value has just started to rise. B. Ad budgets are returning to offline locations. C. Ad companies are giving up online platforms. D. Their online advertising business is slowing down. 45. The statistics in paragraph 4 are intended to ________. A. suggest a more feasible substitute for online advertising B. show that the contribution from the subscriptions is limited C. criticize social media platforms for their misleading information D. imply that there is no need to provide extra services for paying users 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Consumers can apply for a discount if they subscribe in apps. B. The mobile platforms may well benefit from the subscription plans. C. New privacy rules will impact negatively on the subscription services. D. Differential pricing will become a thing of the past due to consumers’ opposition. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Killed the Dinosaurs? Dinosaurs ruled Earth for 160 million years. But, suddenly, about 65 million years ago, they all died. This is very surprising because there were very many different species of dinosaur, all suited to different climates and conditions. The normal causes of extinction, such as natural climate change, may explain why some species of dinosaur died out, but not all of them. ____47____ So, what was this disaster? In the past, scientists thought of many possible explanations, like disease, earthquakes, or volcanoes. Unfortunately, for a long time, there was no strong evidence for any of them. This changed, however, in 1980. Researchers, led by Nobel Prize winner Luis Alvarez, noticed something unusual. ____48____ Alvarez and his team were amazed to find that the layer of rock that matched the time of the dinosaurs’ extinction 65 million years ago had a very large amount of something called iridium. And it was all around the world. Iridium is very unusual; there is very little of it on Earth. ____49____ What amazed the Alvarez team was that this was about the same amount as the percentage of iridium in meteorites (陨石). How could this material spread all around Earth? Scientists can predict what might happen when a large asteroid (小行星) hit Earth, sending dust up into the atmosphere. Winds would spread it around the world. It would stay in the atmosphere for several years, stopping sunlight. This would cause plants and trees to die. Animals that used to eat the plants would starve, as would the meat-eating animals that ate them. ____50____ No large animal can live for years without food. By now, you might be thinking that there should be more physical evidence, such as a crater where the asteroid hit. In 1990 scientists found just a crater. The Chicxulub crater in Mexico is 180 kilometers across, just the size that the Alvarez team estimated. A. This was the only mass extinction in Earth’s history — there were several others long before the dinosaurs. B. To help us explain what this was, we have to know that rock is often in layers, each layer matching a different time in history. C. Dinosaurs, at the top of the food chain, would suffer most. D. As we will see, it seems likely that a major and sudden disaster caused their disappearance. E. Iridium (铱) is widely used by the telecommunications industry for its stability. F. In fact, there was 30 to 130 times more of this material than normal in this layer of rock. 第II卷 IV. Verb Filling 51. To my surprise, the course named “Introduction to Three Dimensional Design” was not computer-based at all, but ________ (focus) on materials and their properties. 52. We were later told that the haircut is believed ________ productivity, encourage focus on studies, and promote personal cleanliness. (increase) (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. On 30 August 1916, two years after the expedition began, they returned to Elephant Island in a small boat ________ by the Chilean government. (provide) (所给词的适当形式填空) 54. My friend, who had persuaded me to go away to sea, came up to me so as to make sure that my good resolutions about going back to my father’s house no longer ________. (exist) (所给词的适当形式填空) 55. Is ________ on hydroponics (水栽法) a good strategy for feeding people in the future? If so, we should begin today to teach people the principles and benefits of hydroponics. (rely) (所给词的适当形式填空) 56. If players need to set their own objectives, ________ sure this is clear. Otherwise, they may spend their time struggling to figure out the supposed end goal rather than enjoying the game.(make) (所给词的适当形式填空) 57. With so many young “buy now, pay later” shoppers already in debt from this short-term financing tool not requiring interest, questions emerge: why do these shoppers use such a tool? And what risks does it pose to their budgets in the months ________(come)? 58. The incredible rock formations have resulted in the park ________ as a World Heritage Site, thanks to its extraordinary size and scientific importance — making it one of only 13 natural US sites with that title. (recognize) (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. The analysis by Friedman and Kern highlighted a significant correlation between conscientiousness (尽责性) and lifespan, ________ that personal traits play a critical role in determining longevity. (suggest) (所给词的适当形式填空) 60. There are many different ways food ________: farmers only pick the best-looking crops, deliveries aren’t made on time, supermarkets throw out extra products, customers buy more than they need, and so on. (waste) (所给词的适当形式填空) V.Translation(3+3+4+5+5=20’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 61. 旅行可以让你接触到不同的文化和视角。(expose) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 62. 上海车展一直是公众感受全球新品首发的“打卡地”。(launch) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 63. 由周轶君执导的教育纪录片《他乡的童年》(Childhood Elsewhere)温柔地提醒着身为成年人的我们，不要用单一的标准去评判孩子。(base) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 64. 在经历了一系列突如其来、威胁生命的事件之后，他开始意识到，面对紧急情况时，人们只有保持镇静、同心协力才能更快找到应对之法。（Having...）(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 65. 无需多久，无人驾驶飞机送外卖这个当下鲜为人知的小行业，将迅速发展成为一个年销售额逾千亿美元的大产业，许多人将在这个产业里找到机遇。(before) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25’) 66. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-200 words according to the information given below. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的学校邀请了在今年巴黎奥运会网球女单赛场上勇夺桂冠的郑钦文（Queen Wen）来校与同学们分享她的冠军之路和人生感悟，由你负责与她联系。她给你发了一封电子邮件（内容如下），请根据她在电子邮件中提出的要求写一封回信。 Dear Li Hua, Thanks for inviting me. For my sharing session, I’d like to know what interests you students most about tennis, the sport that I play, or me. Please give me two questions you’d like me to answer and tell me why you choose those two questions. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Queen Wen ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $