Unit 3 Period 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（知识清单）高中英语人教版必修第一册

Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 一、重点单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 健康；健壮；适合 fitness 2. 足球；足球运动 soccer 3. 体育场；运动场 stadium 4. 拳击（运动） boxing 5. 羽毛球运动 badminton 6. 马拉松赛跑 marathon 7. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动 event 8. adj.滑雪的；vi.滑雪 ski 9. vt.主办；主持；n.主人；东道主；节目主持人 host 10. n.跑道；足迹；铁路轨道；vt.&vi.追踪；跟踪 track 11. 健身房；体育馆 gym 12. 体操（训练） gymnastics 13. vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿；vi.出汗；流汗；n.汗水；出汗 sweat 14. 传奇故事（或人物）；传说 legend 15. 运动员；运动健儿 athlete 16. n.高手；主人；vt.精通；掌握 master 17. n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 honour 18. n.荣誉；光荣；赞美 glory 19. 奖章；勋章 medal 20. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号 championship 21. 冠军；优胜者 champion 22. 分离；分开；成碎片 apart 23. vt.使受伤；损害 injure 24.（运动队）队长；船长；机长 captain 24. adj.优美的；优雅的 graceful 25. 力量；体力 strength 26. 失败；失败的人（或事物） failure 二、重点单词变形 1. determine v. 决定 → n. 决心；决定 determination；adj. 坚定的；有决心的 determined 2. injure vt. 使受伤 → adj. 受伤的；有伤的 injured；n. 伤害；损伤 injury 3. grace n. 优雅 → adj. 优美的；优雅的 graceful 4. honour n. 荣誉 → adj. 光荣的；可敬的 honourable 5. glory n. 光荣 → adj. 辉煌的；光荣的 glorious 6. athlete n. 运动员 → adj. 运动的；健壮的 athletic 三、必备词块 1. 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 come along 2. 田径 track and field 3. 锻炼；计算出；解决 work out 4. 获得成功；准时到达 make it 5. 树立榜样 set an example 6. 破裂；破碎；崩溃 fall apart 7. 丧失信心；泄气 lose heart 8. 放弃；投降 give up 四、必会考点 1. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 决定；确定 词形变化：determination(n.) 决心；决定；determined(adj.) 坚定的；有决心的 【固定搭配】 (1) determine to do sth 决心做某事 (2) be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 (3) determine on sth 决定某事 写作佳句： She is determined to devote herself to athletic training and strive for the championship. 她决心投身竞技训练，向冠军发起冲击。 【即学即练】 ① Her ______(determine) to overcome difficulties impressed all her teammates. ② He ______（决心去坚持训练）despite the constant pain in his knee. ③ 句式仿写：他下定决心永不丧失信心，无论遇到什么挑战。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案】① determination ② determines to keep training ③ He is determined never to lose heart, whatever challenges he meets. 2. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害 词形变化：injured(adj.) 受伤的；有伤的；injury(n.) 伤害；损伤 【固定搭配】 (1) get injured 受伤 (2) serious injury 重伤 (3) injure one’s confidence 打击某人的自信心 写作佳句： The athlete was badly injured in the match, which forced him to withdraw from the competition. 这名运动员在比赛中严重受伤，被迫退出赛事。 【即学即练】 ① The ______(injure) ankle prevented him from taking part in the track event. ② Some players ______（受伤）due to insufficient warm-up before training. ③ 句式仿写：他在高强度田径训练中意外受伤。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案】① injured ② get injured ③ He got injured accidentally in high-intensity track and field training. 3. honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 v. 尊重；给予荣誉 词形变化：honourable(adj.) 光荣的；可敬的；honourably(adv.) 光荣地 【固定搭配】 (1) It’s an honour to do sth 很荣幸做某事 (2) win honour 赢得荣誉 (3) honour sb 尊重某人 写作佳句： It is a great honour for every athlete to stand on the podium and receive the medal. 站上领奖台接受奖牌，对每一位运动员来说都是莫大的荣誉。 【即学即练】 ① It is my great ______(honourable) to deliver a speech on behalf of all athletes. ② It ______（是一份荣幸）to compete alongside these world-class athletes. ③ 句式仿写：能代表国家队参赛是一份至高荣誉。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案】① honour ② is an honour ③ It is a great honour to compete for the national team. 4. strength /streŋθ/ n. 力量；体力；长处 词形变化：strong(adj.) 强壮的；strengthen(v.) 增强；加强 【固定搭配】 (1) build up strength 增强体力 (2) strengths and weaknesses 优缺点 (3) with all one’s strength 用尽全力 写作佳句： Long-term systematic training can build up athletes’ physical strength and improve their endurance. 长期系统的训练能够增强运动员的体力，提升耐力。 【即学即练】 ① Only those with ______(strength) willpower can stick to tough training schedules. ② Regular workouts help ______（增强体力）for competitive sports. ③ 句式仿写：持续的体能训练有助于增强你的身体耐力与力量。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案】① strong ② build up strength ③ Constant physical training helps build up your endurance and strength. 5. master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/ vt. 精通；掌握 n. 高手；主人 词形变化：mastery(n.) 精通；熟练掌握 【固定搭配】 (1) master skills 掌握技能 (2) a master of ……大师 (3) master a sport 精通一项运动 写作佳句： It requires years of continuous practice to master the complex techniques of competitive sports. 想要掌握竞技运动的复杂技巧，需要长年不断的练习。 【即学即练】 ① It takes years of practice to gain ______(master) of professional sports skills. ② You need repeated practice to ______（掌握这项核心技巧）. ③ 句式仿写：只有坚持不懈，你才能熟练掌握这项运动技能。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案】① mastery ② master this core skill ③ Only by persisting can you master this sport skill. 6. fail /feɪl/ v. 失败；未能（做到） 词形变化：failure(n.) 失败；失败的人（或事物） 【固定搭配】 (1) fail to do sth 未能做某事 (2) fail in sth 在……方面失败 (3) a failure 一件失败的事 写作佳句： Even if you fail in the competition, what matters most is the progress you have made. 即便你在比赛失利，最重要的是你收获的成长。 【即学即练】 ① ______(fail) is a necessary part of the road to success for every athlete. ② Never ______（未能抓住）any chance to improve yourself during training. ③ 句式仿写：一次失利并不代表你应该放弃长期坚持的目标。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案】① Failure ② fail to seize ③ One failure does not mean you should give up your long-term goals. 7. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康；健壮；适合 词形变化：fit(adj.) 健康的；适合的；fit(v.) 适合 【固定搭配】 (1) fitness training 体能训练 (2) keep fit 保持健康 (3) be fit for 适合 写作佳句： Good fitness serves as the foundation for athletes to achieve excellent results in competitions. 良好的体能是运动员在赛事中取得优异成绩的基础。 【即学即练】 ① Regular exercise can improve our ______(fit). ② The player is ______（适合）the national team selection. ③ 句式仿写：保持良好的体能有助于运动员应对高强度比赛。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案】① fitness ② fit for ③ Keeping good fitness helps athletes deal with high-intensity matches. 一、词汇易混辨析（6组） 1. injure / hurt / wound injure：vt.（意外事故）使受伤，损害；多指在事故中身体受伤 hurt：v. 疼痛；伤害；可指肉体疼痛，也可指情感受伤 wound：vt.（刀、枪等）使受伤；多指战争、打斗造成的伤口 易错点：语境混淆，事故受伤用injure；战争刀伤用wound；情感伤害用hurt 例：✅ He got injured in the boxing match. ❌ He got wounded in the boxing match. 2. determine / decide determine：v. 下定决心，强调坚定不移的决心；侧重长期目标 decide：v. 决定，侧重经过思考做出选择，普通用词 易错点：搭配混淆，be determined to do（表状态，有决心）；decide to do（表动作，决定去做） 例：✅ She is determined to win the championship. ❌ She is decided to win the championship. 3. strength / force / power strength：n. 体力，力量；长处，指人身体内在的力量 force：n. 武力，外力；强迫的力量 power：n. 权力，动力；能源 易错点：词义混淆，表达身体体能用strength，不用power 例：✅ He built up his strength through daily training. ❌ He built up his power through daily training. 4. honour / praise honour：n./v. 荣誉；给予敬意，侧重崇高的尊重、荣耀 praise：n./v. 表扬，夸奖，侧重口头赞美 易错点：语境混淆，获得重大荣誉用honour；日常夸奖用praise 例：✅ It is a great honour to set an example for others. ❌ It is great praise to set an example for others. 5. master / learn master：vt. 精通，熟练掌握；强调完全学会、熟练运用 learn：v. 学习；侧重学习的过程，学会基础内容 易错点：程度混淆，master强调熟练精通，不能简单替换learn 例：✅ It takes years to master this sport skill. ❌ It takes years to learn this sport skill. 6. athlete / player athlete：n. 运动员，尤指田径等竞技项目选手 player：n. 选手，球员；多指球类游戏选手 易错点：范围混淆，田径马拉松选手常用athlete；球类用player 例：✅ The athlete took part in the marathon. ❌ The player took part in the marathon. 2、 短语搭配易错（6组） 1. be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 易错点：determined是形容词，不能写成determine；to后接动词原形 例：✅ He is determined never to lose heart. ❌ He is determine never to lose heart. 2. get injured 受伤 易错点：injured为形容词，不能写成injure；get在这里是系动词 例：✅ Many players got injured during training. ❌ Many players got injure during training. 3. build up strength 增强体力 易错点：strength名词，不能用形容词strong；build up是固定短语，不能漏掉up 例：✅ Exercise helps build up strength. ❌ Exercise helps build strong. 4. lose heart 丧失信心 易错点：不加冠词，不能写成lose the heart；heart此处抽象含义，表信心 例：✅ Don’t lose heart when you meet difficulties. ❌ Don’t lose the heart when you meet difficulties. 5. set an example 树立榜样 易错点：an不能丢；example是可数名词 例：✅ The champion sets an example for young students. ❌ The champion sets example for young students. 6. give up 放弃 易错点：代词放中间 give it up；名词可放后面give up the plan 例：✅ Don’t give it up when facing failure. ❌ Don’t give up it when facing failure. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 一、重点单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 健康；健壮；适合 ____________ 2. 足球；足球运动 ____________ 3. 体育场；运动场 ____________ 4. 拳击（运动） ____________ 5. 羽毛球运动 ____________ 6. 马拉松赛跑 ____________ 7. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动 ____________ 8. adj.滑雪的；vi.滑雪 ____________ 9. vt.主办；主持；n.主人；东道主；节目主持人 ____________ 10. n.跑道；足迹；铁路轨道；vt.&vi.追踪；跟踪 ____________ 11. 健身房；体育馆 ____________ 12. 体操（训练） ____________ 13. vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿；vi.出汗；流汗；n.汗水；出汗 ____________ 14. 传奇故事（或人物）；传说 ____________ 15. 运动员；运动健儿 ____________ 16. n.高手；主人；vt.精通；掌握 ____________ 17. n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 ____________ 18. n.荣誉；光荣；赞美 ____________ 19. 奖章；勋章 ____________ 20. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号 ____________ 21. 冠军；优胜者 ____________ 22. 分离；分开；成碎片 ____________ 23. vt.使受伤；损害 ____________ 24.（运动队）队长；船长；机长 ____________ 24. adj.优美的；优雅的 ____________ 25. 力量；体力 ____________ 26. 失败；失败的人（或事物） ____________ 二、重点单词变形 1. determine v. 决定 → n. 决心；决定 ____________；adj. 坚定的；有决心的 ____________ 2. injure vt. 使受伤 → adj. 受伤的；有伤的 ____________；n. 伤害；损伤 ____________ 3. grace n. 优雅 → adj. 优美的；优雅的 ____________ 4. honour n. 荣誉 → adj. 光荣的；可敬的 ____________ 5. glory n. 光荣 → adj. 辉煌的；光荣的 ____________ 6. athlete n. 运动员 → adj. 运动的；健壮的 ____________ 三、必备词块 1. 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 ____________ 2. 田径 ____________ 3. 锻炼；计算出；解决 ____________ 4. 获得成功；准时到达 ____________ 5. 树立榜样 ____________ 6. 破裂；破碎；崩溃 ____________ 7. 丧失信心；泄气 ____________ 8. 放弃；投降 ____________ 四、必会考点 1. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 决定；确定 词形变化：determination(n.) 决心；决定；determined(adj.) 坚定的；有决心的 【固定搭配】 (1) determine to do sth 决心做某事 (2) be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 (3) determine on sth 决定某事 写作佳句： She is determined to devote herself to athletic training and strive for the championship. 她决心投身竞技训练，向冠军发起冲击。 【即学即练】 ① Her ______(determine) to overcome difficulties impressed all her teammates. ② He ______（决心去坚持训练）despite the constant pain in his knee. ③ 句式仿写：他下定决心永不丧失信心，无论遇到什么挑战。 ____________________________________________________ 2. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害 词形变化：injured(adj.) 受伤的；有伤的；injury(n.) 伤害；损伤 【固定搭配】 (1) get injured 受伤 (2) serious injury 重伤 (3) injure one’s confidence 打击某人的自信心 写作佳句： The athlete was badly injured in the match, which forced him to withdraw from the competition. 这名运动员在比赛中严重受伤，被迫退出赛事。 【即学即练】 ① The ______(injure) ankle prevented him from taking part in the track event. ② Some players ______（受伤）due to insufficient warm-up before training. ③ 句式仿写：他在高强度田径训练中意外受伤。 ____________________________________________________ 3. honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 v. 尊重；给予荣誉 词形变化：honourable(adj.) 光荣的；可敬的；honourably(adv.) 光荣地 【固定搭配】 (1) It’s an honour to do sth 很荣幸做某事 (2) win honour 赢得荣誉 (3) honour sb 尊重某人 写作佳句： It is a great honour for every athlete to stand on the podium and receive the medal. 站上领奖台接受奖牌，对每一位运动员来说都是莫大的荣誉。 【即学即练】 ① It is my great ______(honourable) to deliver a speech on behalf of all athletes. ② It ______（是一份荣幸）to compete alongside these world-class athletes. ③ 句式仿写：能代表国家队参赛是一份至高荣誉。 ____________________________________________________ 4. strength /streŋθ/ n. 力量；体力；长处 词形变化：strong(adj.) 强壮的；strengthen(v.) 增强；加强 【固定搭配】 (1) build up strength 增强体力 (2) strengths and weaknesses 优缺点 (3) with all one’s strength 用尽全力 写作佳句： Long-term systematic training can build up athletes’ physical strength and improve their endurance. 长期系统的训练能够增强运动员的体力，提升耐力。 【即学即练】 ① Only those with ______(strength) willpower can stick to tough training schedules. ② Regular workouts help ______（增强体力）for competitive sports. ③ 句式仿写：持续的体能训练有助于增强你的身体耐力与力量。 ____________________________________________________ 5. master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/ vt. 精通；掌握 n. 高手；主人 词形变化：mastery(n.) 精通；熟练掌握 【固定搭配】 (1) master skills 掌握技能 (2) a master of ……大师 (3) master a sport 精通一项运动 写作佳句： It requires years of continuous practice to master the complex techniques of competitive sports. 想要掌握竞技运动的复杂技巧，需要长年不断的练习。 【即学即练】 ① It takes years of practice to gain ______(master) of professional sports skills. ② You need repeated practice to ______（掌握这项核心技巧）. ③ 句式仿写：只有坚持不懈，你才能熟练掌握这项运动技能。 ____________________________________________________ 6. fail /feɪl/ v. 失败；未能（做到） 词形变化：failure(n.) 失败；失败的人（或事物） 【固定搭配】 (1) fail to do sth 未能做某事 (2) fail in sth 在……方面失败 (3) a failure 一件失败的事 写作佳句： Even if you fail in the competition, what matters most is the progress you have made. 即便你在比赛失利，最重要的是你收获的成长。 【即学即练】 ① ______(fail) is a necessary part of the road to success for every athlete. ② Never ______（未能抓住）any chance to improve yourself during training. ③ 句式仿写：一次失利并不代表你应该放弃长期坚持的目标。 ____________________________________________________ 7. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康；健壮；适合 词形变化：fit(adj.) 健康的；适合的；fit(v.) 适合 【固定搭配】 (1) fitness training 体能训练 (2) keep fit 保持健康 (3) be fit for 适合 写作佳句： Good fitness serves as the foundation for athletes to achieve excellent results in competitions. 良好的体能是运动员在赛事中取得优异成绩的基础。 【即学即练】 ① Regular exercise can improve our ______(fit). ② The player is ______（适合）the national team selection. ③ 句式仿写：保持良好的体能有助于运动员应对高强度比赛。 ____________________________________________________ 一、词汇易混辨析（6组） 1. injure / hurt / wound injure：vt.（意外事故）使受伤，损害；多指在事故中身体受伤 hurt：v. 疼痛；伤害；可指肉体疼痛，也可指情感受伤 wound：vt.（刀、枪等）使受伤；多指战争、打斗造成的伤口 易错点：语境混淆，事故受伤用injure；战争刀伤用wound；情感伤害用hurt 例：✅ He got injured in the boxing match. ❌ He got wounded in the boxing match. 2. determine / decide determine：v. 下定决心，强调坚定不移的决心；侧重长期目标 decide：v. 决定，侧重经过思考做出选择，普通用词 易错点：搭配混淆，be determined to do（表状态，有决心）；decide to do（表动作，决定去做） 例：✅ She is determined to win the championship. ❌ She is decided to win the championship. 3. strength / force / power strength：n. 体力，力量；长处，指人身体内在的力量 force：n. 武力，外力；强迫的力量 power：n. 权力，动力；能源 易错点：词义混淆，表达身体体能用strength，不用power 例：✅ He built up his strength through daily training. ❌ He built up his power through daily training. 4. honour / praise honour：n./v. 荣誉；给予敬意，侧重崇高的尊重、荣耀 praise：n./v. 表扬，夸奖，侧重口头赞美 易错点：语境混淆，获得重大荣誉用honour；日常夸奖用praise 例：✅ It is a great honour to set an example for others. ❌ It is great praise to set an example for others. 5. master / learn master：vt. 精通，熟练掌握；强调完全学会、熟练运用 learn：v. 学习；侧重学习的过程，学会基础内容 易错点：程度混淆，master强调熟练精通，不能简单替换learn 例：✅ It takes years to master this sport skill. ❌ It takes years to learn this sport skill. 6. athlete / player athlete：n. 运动员，尤指田径等竞技项目选手 player：n. 选手，球员；多指球类游戏选手 易错点：范围混淆，田径马拉松选手常用athlete；球类用player 例：✅ The athlete took part in the marathon. ❌ The player took part in the marathon. 2、 短语搭配易错（6组） 1. be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 易错点：determined是形容词，不能写成determine；to后接动词原形 例：✅ He is determined never to lose heart. ❌ He is determine never to lose heart. 2. get injured 受伤 易错点：injured为形容词，不能写成injure；get在这里是系动词 例：✅ Many players got injured during training. ❌ Many players got injure during training. 3. build up strength 增强体力 易错点：strength名词，不能用形容词strong；build up是固定短语，不能漏掉up 例：✅ Exercise helps build up strength. ❌ Exercise helps build strong. 4. lose heart 丧失信心 易错点：不加冠词，不能写成lose the heart；heart此处抽象含义，表信心 例：✅ Don’t lose heart when you meet difficulties. ❌ Don’t lose the heart when you meet difficulties. 5. set an example 树立榜样 易错点：an不能丢；example是可数名词 例：✅ The champion sets an example for young students. ❌ The champion sets example for young students. 6. give up 放弃 易错点：代词放中间 give it up；名词可放后面give up the plan 例：✅ Don’t give it up when facing failure. ❌ Don’t give up it when facing failure. $