高考英语阅读理解C篇 科普说明文 （十八）-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高三一轮复习专项｜阅读理解C篇 科普说明文 Passage1 话题：科学家捕捉迄今最古老快速射电暴信号 Passage2 话题：南京农大研究：草莓香气物质兼具防虫作用 Passage3 话题：适度间伐森林，有利于提升森林固碳能力 passage4 话题：新型光驱动材料，可在常温下实现分解水制氢 Passage 1 话题：科学家捕捉迄今最古老快速射电暴信号 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Astronomers have detected the oldest known fast radio burst (FRB), a powerful but short-lived radio signal from deep space. Published in October in the journal Science, the discovery was made with the MeerKAT radio telescope array in South Africa. The signal began its journey roughly 10 billion years ago, at a time when the universe was only about one-third of its present age. Surprisingly, neither the Sun nor the Earth had formed yet when this burst was sent out. An FRB lasts only several milliseconds. In that tiny period, it can release as much energy as the Sun produces over many days. Exactly what causes these bursts remains a mystery to scientists. One valuable point is that FRBs can act as cosmic probes. As they travel across space, they pass through thin gas between galaxies. The information carried in the signals helps researchers map the distribution of invisible matter across the universe. Many earlier FRBs were found closer to our galaxy. This older one pushes back the record and gives new clues about conditions in the early universe. Researchers say more ancient FRBs are likely to be found if they keep upgrading radio telescopes. Such future findings may finally explain what creates these amazing cosmic “flashes”. 1. What is special about the newly discovered FRB? A. It is the first FRB found inside our galaxy. B. It is the oldest FRB humans have ever detected. C. It lasts much longer than any other radio signal. D. It carries visible light that can reach the Earth. 2. Why can FRBs serve as cosmic probes? A. They can change the gas between galaxies. B. They can create new stars during travelling. C. They bring information about intergalactic gas. D. They can measure the age of the Sun directly. 3. What does the underlined word “probes” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Explorers B. Guards C. Signs D. Limits 4. What can we infer from the text? A. Scientists have known the cause of FRBs clearly. B. No older FRBs will be discovered in the future. C. Better radio telescopes may help find more ancient FRBs. D. The burst happened after the Earth was formed. Passage 2 话题：南京农大研究：草莓香气物质兼具防虫作用 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Most people connect the sweet smell of fresh strawberries with delicious taste. A recent study from Nanjing Agricultural University, published in early October, offers a new explanation: the fragrant chemicals that give strawberries their smell also work as a natural defence against certain insect pests. The research team focused on methyl benzoate, a key compound responsible for strawberry’s attractive smell. In lab tests, female fruit flies avoided strawberry samples with higher levels of methyl benzoate. The scientists also located a gene named FvJMT2. This gene controls how much methyl benzoate the fruit produces. When the gene is active, more scent molecules are made, and the fruit becomes less appealing to the pests. Farmers usually use chemical pesticides to keep fruit flies away. Such chemicals work well, yet they may influence beneficial insects and leave residues. The team hopes their finding can support greener farming. By adjusting this gene or using the natural scent, growers may reduce pesticide use. It shows that a fruit’s pleasant smell is not just for drawing pollinators. For strawberries, the sweet aroma is also a protective weapon shaped by long natural selection. 1. What is the new finding of the study? A. Strawberries produce more scent in warm weather. B. Strawberry’s fragrant substance can keep some pests away. C. Fruit flies prefer ripe strawberries for their taste. D. Chemical pesticides can change strawberry’s smell. 2. What is the function of the gene FvJMT2? A. It helps strawberries grow bigger. B. It speeds up the ripening process. C. It controls the production of methyl benzoate. D. It attracts helpful pollinators. 3. What is one disadvantage of traditional chemical pesticides? A. They may affect helpful insects. B. They slow down fruit production. C. They change the colour of strawberries. D. They stop genes from working normally. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. Natural scents can replace all pesticides in farming. B. Strawberry’s sweet smell serves more than one purpose. C. Natural selection helps fruit grow sweeter. D. Lab tests are widely used in plant research. Passage 3 话题：适度间伐森林，有利于提升森林固碳能力 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Many people believe that cutting any trees will weaken a forest’s ability to take in carbon dioxide. A long-term forest experiment, whose new results came out this October, challenges this simple idea. It suggests that careful, moderate thinning can improve a forest’s carbon storage, as long as the thinning strength is properly controlled. In a crowded forest, trees compete strongly for sunlight, water and minerals. Many trees grow slowly under such stress. When researchers remove some weaker or crowded trees, the remaining ones get more resources. They grow faster and pull more carbon from the air through photosynthesis. However, the result depends heavily on the degree of thinning. Heavy thinning removes too much plant biomass and leads to lower total carbon storage. The study stresses that “moderate” is the key. It does not support unlimited tree cutting. Good forest management balances carbon storage, timber production and biological diversity. Instead of simply keeping every tree, managers should consider competition inside the forest. The research provides practical guidance: right thinning can make forests healthier and turn them into more powerful carbon sinks. 1. What common view does the new experiment challenge? A. Forests are the most important natural carbon sinks. B. Any tree cutting reduces forests’ carbon storage. C. Crowded forests have richer biological diversity. D. Slow-growing trees take in less carbon dioxide. 2. Why can proper thinning help carbon storage? A. It allows the remaining trees to get more resources and grow faster. B. It makes soil release more carbon into the atmosphere. C. It encourages new kinds of plants to grow quickly. D. It reduces water loss in dry seasons. 3. What will happen if the thinning is too heavy? A. The forest’s total carbon storage will fall. B. The remaining trees will grow at top speed. C. More sunlight will increase biodiversity greatly. D. Less carbon dioxide will be produced by insects. 4. Which statement matches the study’s conclusion? A. We should cut as many trees as possible. B. Forest management needs balance among different goals. C. Timber production should come before carbon storage. D. Crowded forests always work better as carbon sinks. Passage 4 话题：新型光驱动材料，可在常温下实现分解水制氢 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Hydrogen is considered a promising clean fuel, because it produces no carbon waste when burned. The trouble is that most present methods to make hydrogen require high temperature and plenty of energy, which lowers its environmental value. A new photocatalytic material, reported in October, offers a possible way out: it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature, using ordinary visible light. This special material acts as a photocatalyst. When light hits its surface, it creates active charges. These charges drive the chemical reaction that breaks water molecules apart. Unlike traditional catalysts, the new material works without heating. It also avoids expensive rare metals, which are a big barrier for large‑scale use. The technology is still in the lab stage. Scientists warn that many real-world challenges remain, such as stability and production cost. It cannot replace traditional hydrogen production right now. Even so, the result excites energy researchers. If later tests succeed, sunlight could turn plain water into clean fuel cheaply. It may provide a new path toward zero‑carbon energy in the future. 1. What is the advantage of the new photocatalytic material? A. It can produce hydrogen at room temperature with light. B. It can store hydrogen safely for a very long time. C. It can turn any kind of fuel into water. D. It works better in complete darkness. 2. What does the new material serve as in the reaction? A. A container B. A catalyst C. A fuel D. A heat supplier 3. Why can’t the technology be widely used right now? A. It depends too much on high temperature. B. It produces carbon waste during the reaction. C. Some practical problems are unsolved. D. It requires huge amounts of rare metals. 4. What is the attitude of the researchers toward the new material? A. Doubtful B. Cautiously hopeful C. Uninterested D. Completely confident 参考答案与详细解析 Passage1：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C Passage2：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B Passage3：1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B Passage4：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage 1 1.【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。定位原文首段“Astronomers have detected the oldest known fast radio burst (FRB)”，本次新发现的快速射电暴是人类迄今为止探测到的最古老的一例，对应B。A错误，它不属于银河系内；C错误，FRB持续时间极短；D错误，它属于射电信号，不是可见光。 2.【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。定位原文第二段“FRBs can act as cosmic probes… The information carried in the signals helps researchers map the distribution of invisible matter across the universe.”，快速射电暴在传播时会携带星系间气体的相关信息，帮助科学家研究宇宙物质分布，故选C。其余选项在文中没有依据。 3.【答案】A 解析：词义猜测题。probe本义为“探测器、探索工具”，在本文语境指FRB可以用来探测宇宙，和explorers（探测物）含义最贴近。B（守卫）、C（标记）、D（限制）代入后语义不通。 4.【答案】C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“if they keep upgrading radio telescopes. Such future findings may finally explain what creates these amazing cosmic ‘flashes’”，可推断更好的射电望远镜有助于发现更多古老的快速射电暴，C正确。A与原文“remains a mystery”矛盾；D和原文“neither the Sun nor the Earth had formed yet”矛盾；B表述过于绝对。 Passage 2 1.【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。定位第一段“the fragrant chemicals that give strawberries their smell also work as a natural defence against certain insect pests.”，研究新发现：形成草莓香气的物质，可以抵御部分害虫，选B。A、C原文未提及；D偷换主体，不是农药改变气味。 2.【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“This gene controls how much methyl benzoate the fruit produces.”，FvJMT2这个基因，调控苯甲酸甲酯（香气物质）的生成量，对应C。A（增大果实）、B（加速成熟）、D（吸引传粉者），都不是该基因的功能。 3.【答案】A 解析：细节理解题。定位第三段“Such chemicals work well, yet they may influence beneficial insects and leave residues.”，传统化学农药的弊端之一，就是可能对益虫造成影响，选A。B、C、D文中没有相关表述。 4.【答案】B 解析：主旨大意题。全文说明草莓香甜气味不只是用来吸引传粉昆虫，还可以作为天然防虫手段，也就是这个气味具备多重作用，B概括准确。A表述绝对，不能替代所有农药；C、D只是局部信息，不是全文主旨。 Passage 3 1.【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。定位第一段“Many people believe that cutting any trees will weaken a forest’s ability to take in carbon dioxide. A long-term forest experiment… challenges this simple idea.”，大众普遍观点是：只要砍伐树木，森林固碳能力就会下降，该实验挑战了这个看法，选B。 2.【答案】A 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“When researchers remove some weaker or crowded trees, the remaining ones get more resources. They grow faster and pull more carbon from the air”，适度间伐后，留存树木能获得更多阳光、水分、养分，生长加快，固碳增加，对应A。B是相反表述；C、D文中没有依据。 3.【答案】A 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“However, the result depends heavily on the degree of thinning. Heavy thinning removes too much plant biomass and leads to lower total carbon storage.”，如果间伐强度过大，生物量损失过多，森林总固碳量会下降，选A。 4.【答案】B 解析：推理判断题。定位第三段“It stresses that ‘moderate’ is the key… balances carbon storage, timber production and biological diversity.”，科学的森林经营，需要在固碳、木材产出、生物多样性等多个目标之间寻求平衡，故选B。A、C表述片面；D和原文实验结论相反。 Passage 4 1.【答案】A 解析：细节理解题。定位第一段“it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature, using ordinary visible light.”，这种新型光驱动材料，常温下利用可见光，催化分解水制取氢气，对应A。B、C文中未提到；D和原文“using ordinary visible light”矛盾。 2.【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“This special material acts as a photocatalyst.”，photocatalyst即光催化剂，因此该材料在反应中充当催化剂（catalyst），选B。 3.【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。定位第三段“The technology is still in the lab stage. Scientists warn that many real-world challenges remain, such as stability and production cost.”，该技术还停留在实验室阶段，稳定性、成本等现实难题尚未解决，暂时无法大规模推广，选C。A、D和原文描述不符；B错误，制氢本身无碳排放。 4.【答案】B 解析：观点态度题。一方面，该技术仍有不少现实难题，不能立刻投入使用；另一方面，研究成果令科研人员十分振奋，为零碳能源提供新方向。因此研究者态度是审慎乐观（cautiously hopeful），选B。A（怀疑的）、C（不感兴趣）、D（完全自信）均不符合。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $