高考英语阅读理解C篇 科普说明文 （九）-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高三 一轮复习专项｜阅读理解C篇 科普说明文 Passage 1 话题：宇宙探索｜中国天眼发现迄今最轻双中子星系统 Passage 2 话题：海洋新能源｜250千瓦海水直接制氢系统 Passage 3 话题：微观科研｜高能同步辐射光源 Passage 4 话题：生物生态｜鸿雁迁徙改道之谜 Passage 1 话题：宇宙探索｜中国天眼发现迄今最轻双中子星系统 Five‑hundred‑meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), commonly known as China’s Sky‑Eye, has long served as a powerful tool for human beings to explore deep space. Recently, Chinese astronomers relying on FAST’s extraordinary sensitivity have spotted the lightest‑known binary neutron‑star system within the Milky Way, a major breakthrough in modern astrophysics. A neutron star comes into being when a huge star ends its life and collapses under its own gravity. Binary neutron stars refer to two such stars moving around each other. For decades, theoretical physicists had supposed that lightweight binary neutron stars should exist in space. However, due to their weak radio signals, no direct observational evidence had been gained until this discovery. The newly‑found pair circles each other within merely dozens of minutes, keeping an extremely short orbital period. Such a special binary system acts as a natural laboratory for testing general relativity put forward by Albert Einstein. As the two compact stars spin fast, they send out gravitational waves into outer space. By analyzing the signals collected by FAST, scientists can check whether real‑world phenomena agree with theoretical predictions. Besides, the data will help researchers figure out exactly how massive stars die and evolve in the universe. Astronomers point out that the discovery would not have been achieved without FAST’s unique advantages. Most radio telescopes fail to catch such faint signals. Thanks to its large collecting area, FAST can pick up radio waves that escape other equipment, opening a new window for studying the hidden objects in our galaxy. 28. What do we know about the newly‑found binary neutron‑star system? A. It was predicted by scientists long before it was observed. B. It is the first binary neutron star discovered in the universe. C. Its two stars stay far away from one another in space. D. Its signals can be easily received by ordinary telescopes. 29. What does the underlined word “compact” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. huge B. dense C. distant D. bright 30. What can we infer from the text? A. Gravitational waves are produced when single stars stand still in space. B. General relativity has already been fully proved by previous experiments. C. FAST’s large size contributes to its ability to detect weak space signals. D. Human beings have learned everything about star evolution from the discovery. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. How neutron stars are formed after huge stars die. B. FAST makes a new discovery about binary neutron stars. C. The working principle of China’s Sky‑Eye radio telescope. D. Different kinds of stars existing inside the Milky Way. Passage 2 话题：海洋新能源｜250千瓦海水直接制氢系统 Hydrogen produced from clean energy, widely called green hydrogen, is regarded as one of the most promising zero‑carbon energy sources for the future. Traditionally, producing green hydrogen through electrolysis requires fresh water. As fresh‑water resources are limited on land, scientists have been seeking practical ways to make hydrogen directly from seawater for years. Recently, a 250‑kilowatt system that carries out direct seawater electrolysis has completed long‑term trial operation along the coast in China. In the past, seawater could not be used directly for electrolysis. Chloride ions contained in seawater would rapidly corrode common electrodes and break down the whole equipment. Before electrolysis, seawater had to go through complex desalination treatment, which raised costs greatly. Chinese researchers solved the major difficulty by developing specially‑modified electrode materials. The new material can effectively stop chloride ions from damaging the equipment. Without the desalination step, the machine can draw seawater directly and separate it into hydrogen and oxygen. The technology is of great practical value. Off‑shore wind farms produce plenty of clean electricity far away from land. In the future, such seawater‑to‑hydrogen devices can be built at sea together with wind‑power equipment. Rich seawater resources will support large‑scale green‑hydrogen production, easing the pressure on land fresh‑water supply and accelerating the shift toward carbon‑neutral energy. 28. What is the major barrier to traditional seawater electrolysis? A. The lack of enough wind power along the coastline. B. Chloride ions in seawater will damage ordinary electrodes. C. There is not enough seawater near coastal areas. D. Hydrogen produced from seawater cannot be stored safely. 29. What does the underlined word “electrolysis” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. breaking‑down by electricity B. collecting by pressure C. filtering by sand D. cooling by seawater 30. What can we learn from the passage? A. The new system still needs desalination before using seawater. B. The 250‑kilowatt system is still under laboratory tests. C. Off‑shore wind power may provide power for future seawater‑hydrogen equipment. D. Green hydrogen has already replaced all traditional fossil fuels. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The importance of protecting global fresh‑water resources. B. A new Chinese technology for direct seawater hydrogen production. C. Different ways of developing off‑shore wind‑power resources. D. The worldwide history of green‑hydrogen development. Passage 3 话题：微观科研｜高能同步辐射光源 When we want to observe tiny objects, people normally turn to common optical microscopes. Yet such microscopes can only reach the micrometer level. They are unable to show how atoms are arranged inside solid materials. To see the world at atomic scale, human beings need much more powerful observation equipment. China’s High‑Energy Photon Source (HEPS), also known as the fourth‑generation synchrotron radiation facility in Asia, has recently finished its test run. This huge scientific device can produce extremely bright X‑rays. Unlike ordinary X‑ray machines used in hospitals, its X‑ray beam is hundreds of millions of times brighter. The high‑brightness X‑rays can go deep inside samples and record the position of each atom. This “super X‑ray microscope” serves many research fields. When scientists develop new battery materials, they can watch real‑time atomic changes inside batteries while the battery is being charged or discharged. Researchers can also analyze the molecular structure of new medicine, find out hidden tiny faults inside aviation alloys, and study the inner structure of new environmental‑friendly materials. Before such a facility became available, researchers often spent months or even years doing repeated experiments, because they could not observe atomic‑level changes directly. With HEPS, a large number of experiments can be completed within a far shorter period. Experts believe the facility will greatly speed up material innovation across the country. 28. What is the shortcoming of common optical microscopes? A. They cannot observe objects at the atomic level. B. They produce harmful X‑rays during operation. C. They are too large to be placed in ordinary labs. D. They fail to catch pictures of large‑sized objects. 29. What does the underlined word “facility” in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to? A. laboratory rule B. scientific equipment C. research paper D. experimental sample 30. What can be inferred about HEPS? A. Its X‑rays have the same brightness as hospital X‑ray machines. B. It helps researchers watch atomic‑level changes of materials. C. It has already solved all difficult problems in medical research. D. It can replace common microscopes completely in daily labs. 31. What is the main theme of the article? A. Different kinds of microscopes used in modern labs. B. How X‑rays are applied in hospital medical treatment. C. China’s new large‑scale scientific observation device HEPS. D. The development history of Asian synchrotron technology. Passage 4 话题：生物生态｜鸿雁迁徙改道之谜 For thousands of years, wild swans called swan geese used to make a long‑distance migration every autumn. They would fly from northern breeding grounds all the way to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to spend cold winter months. Over the past ten years, however, a surprising change has taken place: groups of swan geese choose to stay around lakes in Beijing instead of completing their long south‑bound trip. Chinese scientists from the Institute of Zoology carried out a multi‑year research project to figure out the causes. They fitted small satellite trackers on dozens of swan geese, collected weather records and surveyed local wetland conditions. Three major factors account for this migration change. First, global warming makes Beijing’s winters milder than before. Many city wetlands no longer freeze completely in winter, so open water can be found all through the cold season. Second, lots of water plants and grain leftovers can supply enough food for the birds. Third, local wildlife protection work has reduced human disturbance around urban wetlands. Still, researchers offer a warning. Migration is a vital habit shaped by millions of years of biological evolution. If more and more swan geese depend entirely on city wetlands for winter living, the ancient migration instinct may gradually weaken. Therefore, long‑term monitoring is necessary to keep track of how urban development influences wild animal behaviour. 28. Where did swan geese traditionally spend their winter? A. Around lakes in Beijing. B. In the middle‑lower Yangtze River areas. C. On northern high‑latitude grasslands. D. On remote Pacific islands. 29. What does the underlined phrase “account for” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. explain B. replace C. ignore D. predict 30. What can we infer from the warning given by researchers? A. City wetlands should be closed completely to wild birds. B. Swan geese will disappear from Beijing in the near future. C. Too much dependence on city wetlands may affect swan geese’s migration habit. D. Global warming is totally good for all kinds of migratory birds. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The wonderful migration route of various wild water birds in China. B. Reasons why some swan geese stop their long‑distance south migration. C. Effective measures taken by Beijing to protect all kinds of wildlife. D. Millions‑year‑long evolutionary history of swan geese. 参考答案与详细解析 Passage 1 28. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For decades, theoretical physicists had supposed that lightweight binary neutron stars should exist in space. However, due to their weak radio signals, no direct observational evidence had been gained until this discovery.”，几十年前理论物理学家就已经推测该类天体存在，只是一直没有观测证据，因此A正确。B错误，这只是已知最轻的双中子星系统，并非人类发现的第一对；C错误，原文表明二者轨道周期极短，彼此距离很近；D错误，普通望远镜捕捉不到微弱信号。 29. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。compact此处修饰中子星。中子星是大质量恒星坍缩之后形成的星体，体积很小、物质密度极大。huge巨大的；dense密度大的；distant遥远的；bright明亮的。故选B。 30. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Thanks to its large collecting area, FAST can pick up radio waves that escape other equipment”可以推断，FAST巨大的接收面积使其能够捕捉微弱的宇宙信号，C正确。A错误，双星高速旋转才会产生引力波，并非静止的单颗星体；B错误，该系统用来检验广义相对论，并非该理论已经被完全证实；D表述过于绝对，此次发现只是提供新的数据，远不足以弄懂恒星演化的全部内容。 31. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。全文围绕核心事件：中国天眼FAST发现迄今最轻双中子星系统展开，介绍该天体特征以及科学价值。A只是段落局部信息；C文章没有重点讲解望远镜工作原理；D范围过大。故选B。 Passage 2 28. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Chloride ions contained in seawater would rapidly corrode common electrodes and break down the whole equipment.”，海水中的氯离子会腐蚀普通电极，这是直接电解海水的主要障碍。A、C、D在原文均无依据。 29. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。electrolysis词根‑lysis表示分解，electro‑代表电；结合原文“separate it into hydrogen and oxygen”，即依靠电力把水分解成氢气和氧气，因此词义为“电解，依靠电力分解”，选A。 30. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, such seawater‑to‑hydrogen devices can be built at sea together with wind‑power equipment.”，海上风电将来可以为这套制氢设备提供电能，C正确。A错误，新技术省去淡化环节；B错误，已经完成海边长时间试运行，不只是实验室阶段；D表述绝对，绿氢尚未取代化石燃料。 31. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍我国250千瓦海水直接制氢新技术，攻克了氯离子腐蚀难题以及这项技术的应用前景。A、C只是次要信息，D范围过大。故选B。 Passage 3 28. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet such microscopes can only reach the micrometer level. They are unable to show how atoms are arranged inside solid materials.”普通光学显微镜看不到原子层面，A正确。B、C、D原文没有信息支持。 29. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。facility在此处指代高能同步辐射光源HEPS，它是一套大型科学装置、科研设备。laboratory rule实验室规章；scientific equipment科研设备；research paper科研论文；experimental sample实验样品。故选B。 30. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。第二段、第三段说明HEPS的强光X射线可以看清样品内部原子排布，能够观察材料原子层面的变化，B正确。A错误，亮度远超医院X光机；C、D两个选项用词“all”“completely”过于绝对，原文并无此意。 31. 答案：C 解析：主旨大意题。全文介绍我国第四代大科学装置高能同步辐射光源HEPS，讲它的原理以及在各类新材料研发中的重大价值。A、B只是局部引子信息；D文章没有介绍整个亚洲同步辐射发展历史。故选C。 Passage 4 28. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“They would fly from northern breeding grounds all the way to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to spend cold winter months.”，传统上鸿雁在长江中下游越冬，故选B。北京只是近十几年部分种群新的越冬地。 29. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。上下文：科学家找到三个主要因素，解释鸿雁迁徙习性发生改变的原因。explain解释；replace取代；ignore忽视；predict预测。故选A。 30. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“If more and more swan geese depend entirely on city wetlands for winter living, the ancient migration instinct may gradually weaken.”，如果鸿雁过度依赖城市湿地，它们世代形成的迁徙本能有可能衰退，C正确。A完全关闭湿地、B很快消失、D完全有益，均属于绝对化表述，与原文不符。 31. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕现象：一部分鸿雁不再完成向南长途迁徙；分析背后三大原因，同时给出科学家的提醒。A范围过大，文章只讲鸿雁；C“all kinds of wildlife”范围过大；D并未讲解鸿雁数百万年完整进化史。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $