Unit 2 Save the earth!（重难词汇精练）英语新教材冀教版九年级下册

Unit 2 Save the earth! 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 adj. 色彩…… 的 adj. 情感的；感情的 v. 把…… 分类；妥善处理 adj. 互相联系的 n. 类别；种类 n. 洗涤池；洗碗槽 adj. 可回收利用的 n. 一小口（饮料） n. 资源；财力；资料 n. 化学制品 adj. 有机的；有机物的 n. 泄露（量）；溢出（量） v. 把…… 制成堆肥 n. 处理；对待；治疗 n. 堆肥n. 肥料 adv. 安全地；无危害地 adj. 意识到 n. 用法；使用 n. 垃圾填埋地 n. 水龙头 v. 埋藏；埋葬；遮盖 n. 博客；网志 n. 摇篮；发源地 pron. 任何人 adv. 在头上方 n. 容器 v. （使）摇摆；说服 n. 资金；基金 v. & n. 联系 v. 增强；提高 n. 网络；网 v. 数数；计算总数 n. 例子；事例 n. 出生；诞生；起源 n. 氧气；氧 n. 年轻人；青春 v. 吸收；使全神贯注 adv. 否则；除此以外 n. 污染物质；污染物 n. 缺少；不足 n. 碳 n. 种，物种 n. 二氧化物 n. 联系；连接 短语 听说，得知 另一方面 被归类 短缺 被制成 对…… 有影响 习惯于；曾经 到…… 程度；在…… 范围 用…… 装满…… 或者…… 或者…… 喝一大口 最终 使用（见到）…… 机会（权利） 扔掉 尽自己的一份力量 比如 另一方面 【答案】 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 coloured adj. 色彩…… 的 emotional adj. 情感的；感情的 sort v. 把…… 分类；妥善处理 interconnected adj. 互相联系的 category n. 类别；种类 sink n. 洗涤池；洗碗槽 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 sip n. 一小口（饮料） resource n. 资源；财力；资料 chemical n. 化学制品 organic adj. 有机的；有机物的 spill n. 泄露（量）；溢出（量） compost v. 把…… 制成堆肥 treatment n. 处理；对待；治疗 fertilizer n. 堆肥n. 肥料 safely adv. 安全地；无危害地 aware adj. 意识到 usage n. 用法；使用 landfill n. 垃圾填埋地 tap n. 水龙头 bury v. 埋藏；埋葬；遮盖 blog n. 博客；网志 cradle n. 摇篮；发源地 anybody pron. 任何人 overhead adv. 在头上方 container n. 容器 sway v. （使）摇摆；说服 fund n. 资金；基金 link v. & n. 联系 enhance v. 增强；提高 web n. 网络；网 count v. 数数；计算总数 instance n. 例子；事例 birth n. 出生；诞生；起源 oxygen n. 氧气；氧 youth n. 年轻人；青春 absorb v. 吸收；使全神贯注 otherwise adv. 否则；除此以外 pollutant n. 污染物质；污染物 shortage n. 缺少；不足 carbon n. 碳 species n. 种，物种 dioxide n. 二氧化物 connection n. 联系；连接 短语 hear about 听说，得知 on the other hand 另一方面 be sorted into 被归类 a shortage of 短缺 be made into 被制成 have an impact on 对…… 有影响 习惯于；曾经 as far as… 到…… 程度；在…… 范围 fill… with… 用…… 装满…… either… or… 或者…… 或者…… take a big sip 喝一大口 end up with 最终 have access to 使用（见到）…… 机会（权利） throw away 扔掉 do one’s part 尽自己的一份力量 for instance 比如 on the other hand 另一方面 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. colour→__________ (adj.) 色彩…… 的 2. sort→__________ (n.) 分类 3. recycle→__________ (adj.) 可回收利用的 4. organ→__________ (adj.) 有机的；有机物的 5. aware→__________ (n.) 意识；认识 6. bury→__________ (n.) 埋葬 7. connect→__________ (n.) 联系；连接 8. emotion→__________ (adj.) 情感的；感情的 9. interconnect→__________ (adj.) 互相联系的 10. treat→__________ (n.) 处理；对待；治疗 11. safe→__________ (adv.) 安全地；无危害地 12. use→__________ (n.) 用法；使用 13. enhance→__________ (n.) 增强；提高 14. pollute→__________ (n.) 污染物质；污染物 15. absorb→__________ (n.) 吸收 16. organic→__________ (n.) 有机物 17. fertilize→__________ (n.) 肥料 18. link→__________ (n.) 联系 19. instance→__________ (adj.) 立即的 20. oxygen→__________ (adj.) 氧气的 21. carbon→__________ (adj.) 碳的 22. short→__________ (n.) 缺少；不足 23. chemical→__________ (n.) 化学（学科） 24. spill→__________ (adj.) 溢出的 25. fund→__________ (v.) 资助 26. birth→__________ (v.) 出生；诞生 27. young→__________ (n.) 年轻人；青春 【答案】 1. coloured 2. sorting 3. recyclable 4. organic 5. awareness 6. burial 7. connection 8. emotional 9. interconnected 10. treatment11. safely 12. usage 13. enhancement 14. pollutant 15. absorption 16. organism 17. fertilizer 18. link 19. instant 20. oxygenous21. carbonic 22. shortage 23. chemistry 24. spilt 25. fund26. bear 27. youth 一、单词拼写，用所给单词的正确形式进行填空。 1．I need a piece of ________ paper to make a frame. (colour) 2．He was ________ (aware) of the small mistake he made in his composition because of his carelessness just now. 3．Plants clean the air by ________ (absorb) carbon dioxide. 4．Too many ________ (chemical) are bad for the soil. 5．Astronauts need to learn how to land ________ (safe) on the moon. 6．________(anybody) is waiting for you at the school gate, Bill. 7．He also wants to buy a ________ (birth) cake. 8．Fun also keeps us feeling ________ (youth). 9．The ________ (youth) of today are very hard-working. 10．Never eat too much fast food， ____________(otherwise) you'll get sick easily. 11．You shouldn’t waste water ________ (resource) because they will run out soon. 12．When I entered the room, my brother ________ (bury) himself in a science fiction novel. 13．The ________ (pollute) of the ocean is a serious problem. 14．Can you ________ the computer ________ (connect...to) the Internet? 15．The rainforest is home to many unique plant and animal ________ (species). 【答案】 1．coloured 【详解】句意：我需要一张彩色纸来做一个框架。colour“颜色”，名词。根据“I need a piece of ...paper”可知，此处是指彩色的纸。coloured“彩色的”，形容词，作定语修饰paper。故填coloured。 2．unaware 【详解】句意：由于粗心，他没有意识到自己刚才在作文中犯的那个小错误。句中“because of his carelessness”提示他没有注意到自己犯的错误，应用aware的否定形式unaware，be unaware of为固定搭配，表示“没有意识到……”。故填unaware。 3．absorbing 【详解】句意：植物通过吸收二氧化碳来净化空气。根据“Plants clean the air by…(absorb) carbon dioxide.”可知，此处需要用动词absorb的适当形式。by是介词，其后接动名词作宾语，absorb的动名词形式是absorbing。故填absorbing。 4．chemicals 【详解】句意：太多的化学物质对土壤有害。所给单词 chemical意为“化学物质”，是可数名词；句首的“Too many”意为“太多”，用来修饰可数名词的复数形式，因此，chemical需要变为复数形式。故填chemicals。 5．safely 【详解】句意：宇航员需要学习如何在月球上安全着陆。land在这里是动词，意为“着陆，降落”。 动词要用副词来修饰。safe的副词形式是safely“安全地”。 6．Somebody 【详解】句意：有人在校门口等你，比尔。anybody“某人，任何人”，常用于否定句和疑问句中；分析句子结构可知，此句为肯定句，somebody“某人”，常用于肯定句中，句首首字母要大写。故填Somebody。 7．birthday 【详解】句意：他也想买个生日蛋糕。根据“buy a…cake”可知买的应该是“生日蛋糕”，birthday cake。birth“出生”，birthday“生日”。故填birthday。 8．youthful/young 【详解】句意：乐趣也让我们保持年轻的感觉。此处用形容词作表语，youthful/young意为“年轻的”。故填youthful/young。 9．youth 【详解】句意：当今的年轻人非常勤奋。“youth”既可以作不可数名词，意为“青春；青年时期”；也可以作可数名词，单复数同形，意为“青年人；年轻人”。根据谓语动词“are”可知，主语应该是复数概念，the youth泛指青年群体，此处指当今的年轻人群体。 10．otherwise 【详解】句意：不要吃太多快餐，否则你将很容易生病。根据句意可知，是否则……，横线上应该是，结合英文释义，故填otherwise。 11．resources 【详解】句意：你不应该浪费水资源，因为它们很快将会耗光。resource“资源”，是可数名词，后半句中的主语“they”，为复数形式，指代前半句中的名词resource，所以此处应用其复数形式 resources。 12．was burying 【详解】句意：当我走进房间时，我哥哥正沉浸在一本科幻小说里。根据“When I entered the room, my brother...himself in a science fiction novel.”及提示词可知，when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，说明动作发生在过去，而主句描述的是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”；主语my brother为第三人称单数，be动词用was，bury的现在分词为burying。故填was burying。 13．pollution 【详解】句意：海洋污染是一个严重的问题。根据“The”及“of the ocean”可知，需填名词作主语。pollute的名词形式是pollution“污染”，为不可数名词。 14． connect to 【详解】句意：你能把这台电脑连接到互联网上吗？“can”后接动词原形，“connect...to...”为固定搭配，意为“把……和……”连接起来。 15．species 【详解】句意：雨林是许多独特动植物物种的家园。根据“many”提示，后接可数名词复数形式。species单复数同形，仍用species。 二、单词拼写，根据汉语提示填空。 1. This kind of ____________ (有机的) vegetables sell well in the market. 2. We should be ____________ (意识到) of the importance of recycling. 3. The dead leaves can be made into ____________ (堆肥). 4. Rubbish will ____________ (埋藏) under the ground in the landfill. 5. Trees can ____________ (吸收) carbon dioxide from the air. 6. Too much ____________ (污染物) will harm our environment. 7. There is a ____________ (缺少) of clean water in some poor areas. 8. The two things have a close ____________ (联系). 9. He has strong ____________ (情感的) support from his family. 10. The waste water needs special ____________ (处理) before pouring into rivers. 11. We must keep children ____________ (安全地) away from dangerous chemicals. 12. The new policy can ____________ (增强) people’s environmental awareness. 13. The ____________ (出生) of the baby brought great joy to the family. 14. The ____________ (年轻人) should take action to protect our earth. 15. Please ____________ (分类) the waste into different groups. 16. These ____________ (容器) can be reused many times. 17. The river was ____________ (溢出) with waste liquid last year. 18. The ____________ (肥料) helps plants grow faster. 19. The ____________ (网络) of trees can protect the soil. 20. For ____________ (例子), paper can be recycled. 【答案】 1. organic 2. aware 3. compost 4. be buried 5. absorb 6. pollutant 7. shortage 8. connection 9. emotional 10. treatment 11. safely 12. enhance 13. birth 14. youth 15. sort 16. containers 17. spilled/spilt 18. fertilizer 19. web 20. instance 三、完成句子，根据要求改写句子。 1. 我们都不想听说这个消息。 We don’t want to the news. 2. 这些垃圾将会被分成不同种类。 The rubbish will different groups. 3. 这些树叶可以被制成堆肥。 The leaves can compost. 4. 就我所知，回收很重要。 I know, recycling is very important. 5. 你可以回收塑料或者玻璃。 You can recycle _______________ plastic _______________ glass. 6. 如果我们不保护环境，我们最终会面临资源短缺。 If we don’t protect the environment, we will a shortage of resources. 7. 不要扔掉那些可回收的瓶子。 Don’t those recyclable bottles. 8. 很多东西可以回收利用，比如纸张。 Many things can be recycled, , paper. 9. 一方面垃圾污染土地，另一方面它也污染水源。 On one hand, waste pollutes land. , it pollutes water. 10. 这个地区水资源短缺。 There is water in this area. 11. 空气污染会对我们的健康产生影响。 Air pollution will our health. 12. 请用泥土把这个盒子装满。 Please _______________ the box _______________ soil. 13. 他拿起杯子喝了一大口。 He picked up the cup and . 14. 在这个小镇，并不是所有人都有机会使用干净的水。 Not all people in this small town clean water. 15. 保护环境，我们每个人都应该尽自己的一份力量。 We should to protect the environment. 【答案】 1. hear about 2. be sorted into 3. be made into 4. As far as 5. either; or 6. end up with 7. throw away 8. for instance 9. On the other hand 10. a shortage of 11. have an impact on 12. fill; with 13. took a big sip 14. have access to 15. do our part 四、单项选择 1．—How many ________ of books do you have? —Sorry, I didn’t ________ them. A．sort; sort B．sorts; sorts C．sorts; sort D．sort; sorts 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你有多少种类的书？——对不起，我没给它们分类。 sort作名词意为“种类”，作动词意为“分类”。“How many”后接可数名词复数，第一空填sorts；“didn’t”为助动词，其后接动词原形，第二空填sort。 2．As an ________, he writes many articles about education for the ________. A．educator; youth B．educator; wealthy C．excerpt; nation D．performer; blood 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为一名教育家，他为青少年撰写许多教育类文章。 educator教育家；youth青年，年轻人；wealthy富有的；excerpt摘录，选段；nation国家，民族；performer表演者；blood血液。后半句“writes many articles about education”（写很多教育类文章），只有“educator”（教育家）符合人物身份；介词“for”后需接名词作宾语，“the youth”是固定搭配，语法、语义均符合。 3．John’s date of ____ is November the first. A．birth B．born C．birthday D．bear 【答案】C 【详解】句意：John的生日日期在11月1号。birth出生，名词；born是过去分词形式；birthday生日；bear动词原形，出生。空前of是一个介词，这里应填名词形式，再根据句意可知，这里说的是John的生日，故应选C。 4．You won’t be able to make a wise ________ of a word until you know all the ________ of it. A．use; uses B．usage; usages C．use; usages D．usage; uses 【答案】C 【详解】句意：直到你知道一个单词的所有用法，你才能明智地使用它。 考查名词。use指具体的运用；usage指使用方法。根据“make a wise”可知第一空用动词短语“make a wise use of”表示“明智地使用某物”。根据“all the ... of it”可知表达单词的使用方法，第二空用复数名词usages。故选C。 5．The speaker ________ the close ________ between confidence and success. A．points out; connection B．points to; lecture C．passes on; behaviour D．pays off; position 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位演讲者指出了自信与成功之间的紧密联系。 points out指出；points to指向；passes on传递；pays off取得成功。connection联系；lecture讲座；behaviour行为；position位置。根据语境“自信与成功之间的紧密关联”可知，此处第一空表示演讲者“指出”相关内容，第二空表示二者间的“联系”，应选points out；connection。 6．—Ya’an is ________ the City of Tea, right? —Yes, and you know, besides drinks, tea can ________ different kinds of food. A．famous for; be made of B．famous as; be made into C．famous for; be made from D．famous as; be made in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——雅安作为茶都而闻名，对吗？——是的，而且你知道，除了饮料，茶可以被制成不同种类的食物。 famous as作为……而闻名，后接身份或称号；famous for因……而闻名，后接原因。be made into被制成……，主语为原材料；be made of/from由……制成，主语为成品；be made in在……制造。根据“the City of Tea”可知是称号，第一空用famous as；根据句意茶是原材料被转化为食物，第二空用be made into。应填famous as；be made into。 7．Either Linda or her cousins ________ going to take part in the competition. A．is B．are C．was D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：琳达或者她的堂兄弟们将要参加这场比赛。 either…or…遵循就近原则，靠近be动词的主语是her cousins为复数，可知应用are。 8．In spring, the whole park ________ colorful flowers. A．is filled with B．is covered by C．is full with D．is filled in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：春天，整个公园开满了五颜六色的花朵。 is filled with充满/装满（固定搭配）；is covered by被……覆盖；is full with语法错误（应为is full of）；is filled in填写/填入。根据语境，此处表示公园里到处都是花，应用固定短语“be filled with”或“be full of”。选项中只有is filled with符合语法和语境要求。 9．These pens are ________, so my mum decides to ________. A．useful; throw them away B．useless; throw away them C．useful; throw away them D．useless; throw them away 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些钢笔没用了，所以我妈妈决定把它们扔掉。 useful有用的；throw them away把它们扔掉；useless无用的。根据后半句“决定扔掉”可知钢笔是“无用的”，第一空应填useless；throw away是“动词+副词”构成的短语，代词作宾语时需放在中间，即throw them away。故填useless; throw them away。 10．________ you are happy, that’s all that matters. A．As long as B．As well as C．As soon as D．As far as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：只要你是快乐的，那就最重要了。 As long as只要；As well as也；和……一样好；As soon as一……就……；As far as就……而言；远至。根据“… you are happy, that’s all that matters.”的语境可知，此处表示条件关系，强调只要满足快乐这个条件即可，as long as符合题意。 一、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。 The Journey of a Plastic Bottle I am a plastic (塑料的) bottle. A week ago, I was 1 a supermarket shelf. I had a normal life, the same as all my brothers and sisters — other bottles full of water. I felt really happy. Then a tall woman 2 me up and put me in her basket! The woman took me home and put me in the fridge. It was cold, but I soon made friends with the cans and bottles in it. 3 , only a few hours later, she took me out of the fridge and drank the water inside me. Then she threw me into a dustbin. I had never felt so empty and 4 in my life. Early the next morning, a man took me out of the dustbin. He threw me and other rubbish into the back of a truck. There were so many horrible smells. Then I was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish. Soon I was completely 5 . I could not believe how thin I became. I slept for a while. When I woke up, I found 6 in a terrible place. Everything around me was 7 and had horrible smells. I felt afraid. I kept hoping that I would be moved somewhere else. Then several huge trucks came and covered us with a layer of 8 . I asked another bottle what would happen to us. He said we would have to stay here for thousands of years. “Why can’t they reuse or 9 us?” I cried. “I wish someone would save me and give me a 10 life. But who and when?” I asked. 1．A．in B．on C．for D．to 2．A．picked B．threw C．hid D．broke 3．A．Unless B．If C．Therefore D．However 4．A．asleep B．alone C．alive D．awake 5．A．flat B．empty C．clean D．light 6．A．myself B．himself C．herself D．itself 7．A．ugly B．beautiful C．noisy D．clean 8．A．mud B．soil C．water D．sand 9．A．recycle B．reborn C．rethink D．reduce 10．A．first B．second C．third D．last 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文以塑料瓶的第一人称视角，讲述其从超市到垃圾填埋场的经历，揭示塑料污染现状，呼吁人们重视环保与回收。 【详解】1．句意：一周前，我在超市货架上。 根据“supermarket shelf”，在货架上习惯用介词on。固定搭配on the shelf，表示物体放置在架子表面，符合商品陈列场景。in指物体内部；for表目的；to表方向，均无法搭配货架。 2．句意：然后一个高个女人把我拿起来放进她的篮子里。 根据“put me in her basket”，顾客购物是拿起商品，pick up为固定搭配。其他选项动作不符合购物场景。 3．句意：然而，仅几小时后，她就把我拿出来喝掉了水。 根据前文“交了朋友”与后文“被拿走”，前后语意转折。However表示然而，用于句首表转折关系。 4．句意：我从未感到如此空虚和孤独。 根据“thrown me into a dustbin”，瓶子被喝空后扔进垃圾桶，孤身无依靠。alone意为孤单的，贴合被丢弃后的落寞情绪。asleep睡着的、alive活着的，无法体现孤独感。 5．句意：不久我完全变扁了。 根据“how thin I became”，垃圾车压缩垃圾使其变薄变扁。flat意为扁平的，对应塑料瓶受挤压变形的形态。empty空的、light轻的，不能描述挤压后的外形变化。 6．句意：当我醒来，我发现自己在一个糟糕的地方。 句子主语为I，需匹配第一人称反身代词。myself表示我自己，和主语人称保持一致。 7．句意：周围一切都很丑陋且有难闻气味。 根据“terrible place”和“horrible smells”，说明环境恶劣。 ugly意为丑陋、难看的，符合脏乱垃圾场环境。beautiful、clean语义与恶劣环境相反；noisy文中无噪音线索。 8．句意：几辆大卡车来用一层土覆盖我们。 垃圾填埋场处理垃圾的常识。soil意为土壤，是填埋垃圾的标准覆盖物。 9．句意：为什么他们不能重复使用或回收我们？ 全文环保主题，and并列两个处理塑料瓶的动词。 recycle意为回收利用，属于塑料废品处理方式，为动词可与reuse并列。 10．句意：我希望有人救我并给我第二次生命。 塑料瓶已度过一生，希望被回收再利用即获得新生。second life指第二次生命，对应回收重生的含义。first第一次、last最后的，不符合循环利用主题。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We produce a lot of rubbish every day. Where does all the rubbish go? Scientists have made an upside-down pyramid of the different ways 1 (deal) with rubbish. In cities, you seldom see rubbish in open areas 2 people usually collect rubbish and send it to landfills. In some landfills, waste is treated to make it less harmful before it’s 3 (bury). Once a landfill is full, people cover it with soil 4 (safe). A park or playground can be built on top of it then. Another way to deal with rubbish is to burn it. This produces not only energy but also 5 (harm) gases. In some places, these gases are cleaned before they are let off. In the middle of the pyramid is 6 (recycle). This means using rubbish to make new products. For example, people break up waste paper and mix it with water to make new paper. 7 (reuse) is another effective way to deal with rubbish. This means using “waste” in another way. Buying or selling second-hand things online is 8 good example. Waste prevention is at the top 9 the pyramid. It means not producing rubbish in the first place. For example, say no to throwaway plastic cups at the 10 (begin). Choose a glass instead! You can use it over and over again. 【答案】 1．to deal 2．because 3．buried 4．safely 5．harmful 6．recycling 7．Reusing 8．a 9．of 10．beginning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍垃圾处理倒金字塔模型，依次讲解填埋、焚烧、回收、重复利用、源头减废五种垃圾处理方式及其操作与特点。 【详解】1．句意：科学家制作了一个倒金字塔，展示处理垃圾的不同方法。ways是名词，后面需要不定式作后置定语修饰ways，固定搭配the way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”，deal为动词原形，需变为不定式to deal。 2．句意：在城市里你很少在露天看到垃圾，因为人们通常会收集垃圾并送往垃圾填埋场。前半句“很少见到露天垃圾”是结果，后半句解释原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 3．句意：在一些填埋场，垃圾在被填埋前会经过处理，降低危害性。主语waste和bury是被动关系，被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”，bury的过去分词是buried。 4．句意：一旦填埋场填满，人们会用泥土将它安全覆盖。动词cover需要副词修饰，safe是形容词，副词形式为safely，表示“安全地”。 5．句意：这种方式不仅产生能源，还会产生有害气体。名词gases前需要形容词修饰，harm是名词/动词，形容词形式为harmful，意为“有害的”。 6．句意：金字塔中间一层是回收利用。本句为倒装句，正常语序为“Recycling is in the middle of the pyramid”，动名词recycling指代“回收”这件事。 7．句意：重复利用是另一种有效的垃圾处理方式。空格在句首作主语，动词reuse需变为动名词reusing，句首字母大写。 8．句意：线上买卖二手物品就是一个很好的例子。example是可数名词单数，good以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表“一个”。 9．句意：源头减废位于金字塔最顶端。固定搭配at the top of...意为“在……的顶部”，用介词of表所属关系。 10．句意：例如，一开始就拒绝一次性塑料杯。固定短语at the beginning意为“起初、一开始”，begin 是动词，名词形式为beginning。 三、任务型阅读 阅读下面文本，完成下面小题。 Changing Coastlines Coastlines are places where land meets sea, and they are always changing. Every few seconds, waves hit the shore (海岸), wearing the land away or shaping it into new forms. Also, human activities have made Earth warmer. As temperatures rise, ice caps and glaciers melt (冰川融化), adding more water to the oceans. This causes sea levels to rise, bringing greater changes to coastlines. Sliding away (滑坡) Cliffs (悬崖) may look strong, but huge parts sometimes slide into the sea. Rain is taken in by soil and rock at the top, making the ground heavier. Waves hit the cliff, making it weaker. Over time, the cliff becomes weaker still, until finally it falls down. Caves, arches, and stacks A headland is rocky land sticking out into the sea. Wind and water work together to slowly shape it. Caves form when waves wear away (磨损) cracks in the cliff face. A cave might break through the rock and form an arch. Some arches keep growing until they cannot support themselves. They then fall down, creating a stack. Beach on the move Wind pushes waves to break onto the shore at an angle (角度). The waves carry sand and small stones onto the beach. As the waves move back, they pull sand back too. Over time, the sand is moved along the beach and spread further. This is called longshore drift. Land under water Every year, the sea level rises by about 4.5mm. Even a small rise can cause large areas of land to be covered with water. Over time, more and more people are forced to move further inland because their homes are flooded. Keeping the water back Sea walls are built along the shore to protect land from strong waves. However, they are expensive to build and may stop local wildlife from moving freely along the natural coast. As a coastal city, Qingdao has been building a stronger coastal protection system to protect both human beings and nature. 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 1? 2．根据图文内容补全信息。（每空不超过5个词） (1) (2) 3．How does sea-level rise influence people living along the coast? 4．根据文本内容填空。（每空一词） Coastlines are always changing. Rain and waves can huge cliffs to slide away. The headland is shaped into different over a long period. and lead to sand movement which is called longshore drift. People near the sea are facing big challenges because of strong waves. They are making to protect their homes like building sea walls. 【答案】1．Coastlines are always changing. 2． break through the rock fall down 3．More and more people are forced to move further inland because their homes are flooded. 4． cause forms Wind waves efforts 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海岸线在海浪、风、气候变暖等因素影响下不断发生变化的过程和原因，以及人类为保护海岸线所采取的防护措施。 【详解】1．根据第一段“Coastlines are places where land meets sea, and they are always changing.”可知，第一段的主旨是海岸线总是在不断变化，因此可填Coastlines are always changing. 2．①根据图中内容可知，(1)处表示从cave（洞穴）演变为arch（拱门）的过程。根据第三段“A cave might break through the rock and form an arch.”可知，洞穴冲破岩石变成拱门，故填break through the rock；②根据图中内容可知，(2)处表示从arch（拱门）演变为stack（海蚀柱）的过程。根据第三段“Some arches keep growing until they cannot support themselves. They then fall down, creating a stack.”可知，拱门倒塌变成海蚀柱，故填fall down。 3．根据第五段“Over time, more and more people are forced to move further inland because their homes are flooded.”可知，海平面上升导致人们的家园被淹，迫使他们向内陆迁移，故填More and more people are forced to move further inland because their homes are flooded. 4．第1空，根据句意“雨水和海浪能……巨大的悬崖滑落”，结合第二段“Rain is taken in by soil and rock at the top...Waves hit the cliff...until finally it falls down.”可知，雨水和海浪导致悬崖滑落，此处考查cause sth. to do sth.（导致……做某事）的用法，故填cause。第2空，根据第一段“Every few seconds, waves hit the shore, wearing the land away or shaping it into new forms.”可知，岬角在很长一段时间内被塑造成了不同的形态，故填forms。第3、4空，根据第四段“Wind pushes waves to break onto the shore at an angle. The waves carry sand and small stones onto the beach... This is called longshore drift.”可知，风和海浪导致了沙子的移动，位于句首的首字母需大写。故分别填Wind；waves。第5空，根据第六段“Sea walls are built along the shore to protect land from strong waves.”结合句意“他们正在……保护自己的家园，比如建造海堤”可知，人们正在做出努力保护家园，此处考查make efforts to do sth.（努力做某事）的固定搭配，故填efforts。 $ Unit 2 Save the earth! 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 adj. 色彩…… 的 adj. 情感的；感情的 v. 把…… 分类；妥善处理 adj. 互相联系的 n. 类别；种类 n. 洗涤池；洗碗槽 adj. 可回收利用的 n. 一小口（饮料） n. 资源；财力；资料 n. 化学制品 adj. 有机的；有机物的 n. 泄露（量）；溢出（量） v. 把…… 制成堆肥 n. 处理；对待；治疗 n. 堆肥n. 肥料 adv. 安全地；无危害地 adj. 意识到 n. 用法；使用 n. 垃圾填埋地 n. 水龙头 v. 埋藏；埋葬；遮盖 n. 博客；网志 n. 摇篮；发源地 pron. 任何人 adv. 在头上方 n. 容器 v. （使）摇摆；说服 n. 资金；基金 v. & n. 联系 v. 增强；提高 n. 网络；网 v. 数数；计算总数 n. 例子；事例 n. 出生；诞生；起源 n. 氧气；氧 n. 年轻人；青春 v. 吸收；使全神贯注 adv. 否则；除此以外 n. 污染物质；污染物 n. 缺少；不足 n. 碳 n. 种，物种 n. 二氧化物 n. 联系；连接 短语 听说，得知 另一方面 被归类 短缺 被制成 对…… 有影响 习惯于；曾经 到…… 程度；在…… 范围 用…… 装满…… 或者…… 或者…… 喝一大口 最终 使用（见到）…… 机会（权利） 扔掉 尽自己的一份力量 比如 另一方面 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. colour→__________ (adj.) 色彩…… 的 2. sort→__________ (n.) 分类 3. recycle→__________ (adj.) 可回收利用的 4. organ→__________ (adj.) 有机的；有机物的 5. aware→__________ (n.) 意识；认识 6. bury→__________ (n.) 埋葬 7. connect→__________ (n.) 联系；连接 8. emotion→__________ (adj.) 情感的；感情的 9. interconnect→__________ (adj.) 互相联系的 10. treat→__________ (n.) 处理；对待；治疗 11. safe→__________ (adv.) 安全地；无危害地 12. use→__________ (n.) 用法；使用 13. enhance→__________ (n.) 增强；提高 14. pollute→__________ (n.) 污染物质；污染物 15. absorb→__________ (n.) 吸收 16. organic→__________ (n.) 有机物 17. fertilize→__________ (n.) 肥料 18. link→__________ (n.) 联系 19. instance→__________ (adj.) 立即的 20. oxygen→__________ (adj.) 氧气的 21. carbon→__________ (adj.) 碳的 22. short→__________ (n.) 缺少；不足 23. chemical→__________ (n.) 化学（学科） 24. spill→__________ (adj.) 溢出的 25. fund→__________ (v.) 资助 26. birth→__________ (v.) 出生；诞生 27. young→__________ (n.) 年轻人；青春 一、单词拼写，用所给单词的正确形式进行填空。 1．I need a piece of ________ paper to make a frame. (colour) 2．He was ________ (aware) of the small mistake he made in his composition because of his carelessness just now. 3．Plants clean the air by ________ (absorb) carbon dioxide. 4．Too many ________ (chemical) are bad for the soil. 5．Astronauts need to learn how to land ________ (safe) on the moon. 6．________(anybody) is waiting for you at the school gate, Bill. 7．He also wants to buy a ________ (birth) cake. 8．Fun also keeps us feeling ________ (youth). 9．The ________ (youth) of today are very hard-working. 10．Never eat too much fast food， ____________(otherwise) you'll get sick easily. 11．You shouldn’t waste water ________ (resource) because they will run out soon. 12．When I entered the room, my brother ________ (bury) himself in a science fiction novel. 13．The ________ (pollute) of the ocean is a serious problem. 14．Can you ________ the computer ________ (connect...to) the Internet? 15．The rainforest is home to many unique plant and animal ________ (species). 二、单词拼写，根据汉语提示填空。 1. This kind of ____________ (有机的) vegetables sell well in the market. 2. We should be ____________ (意识到) of the importance of recycling. 3. The dead leaves can be made into ____________ (堆肥). 4. Rubbish will ____________ (埋藏) under the ground in the landfill. 5. Trees can ____________ (吸收) carbon dioxide from the air. 6. Too much ____________ (污染物) will harm our environment. 7. There is a ____________ (缺少) of clean water in some poor areas. 8. The two things have a close ____________ (联系). 9. He has strong ____________ (情感的) support from his family. 10. The waste water needs special ____________ (处理) before pouring into rivers. 11. We must keep children ____________ (安全地) away from dangerous chemicals. 12. The new policy can ____________ (增强) people’s environmental awareness. 13. The ____________ (出生) of the baby brought great joy to the family. 14. The ____________ (年轻人) should take action to protect our earth. 15. Please ____________ (分类) the waste into different groups. 16. These ____________ (容器) can be reused many times. 17. The river was ____________ (溢出) with waste liquid last year. 18. The ____________ (肥料) helps plants grow faster. 19. The ____________ (网络) of trees can protect the soil. 20. For ____________ (例子), paper can be recycled. 三、完成句子，根据要求改写句子。 1. 我们都不想听说这个消息。 We don’t want to the news. 2. 这些垃圾将会被分成不同种类。 The rubbish will different groups. 3. 这些树叶可以被制成堆肥。 The leaves can compost. 4. 就我所知，回收很重要。 I know, recycling is very important. 5. 你可以回收塑料或者玻璃。 You can recycle _______________ plastic _______________ glass. 6. 如果我们不保护环境，我们最终会面临资源短缺。 If we don’t protect the environment, we will a shortage of resources. 7. 不要扔掉那些可回收的瓶子。 Don’t those recyclable bottles. 8. 很多东西可以回收利用，比如纸张。 Many things can be recycled, , paper. 9. 一方面垃圾污染土地，另一方面它也污染水源。 On one hand, waste pollutes land. , it pollutes water. 10. 这个地区水资源短缺。 There is water in this area. 11. 空气污染会对我们的健康产生影响。 Air pollution will our health. 12. 请用泥土把这个盒子装满。 Please _______________ the box _______________ soil. 13. 他拿起杯子喝了一大口。 He picked up the cup and . 14. 在这个小镇，并不是所有人都有机会使用干净的水。 Not all people in this small town clean water. 15. 保护环境，我们每个人都应该尽自己的一份力量。 We should to protect the environment. 四、单项选择 1．—How many ________ of books do you have? —Sorry, I didn’t ________ them. A．sort; sort B．sorts; sorts C．sorts; sort D．sort; sorts 2．As an ________, he writes many articles about education for the ________. A．educator; youth B．educator; wealthy C．excerpt; nation D．performer; blood 3．John’s date of ____ is November the first. A．birth B．born C．birthday D．bear 4．You won’t be able to make a wise ________ of a word until you know all the ________ of it. A．use; uses B．usage; usages C．use; usages D．usage; uses 5．The speaker ________ the close ________ between confidence and success. A．points out; connection B．points to; lecture C．passes on; behaviour D．pays off; position 6．—Ya’an is ________ the City of Tea, right? —Yes, and you know, besides drinks, tea can ________ different kinds of food. A．famous for; be made of B．famous as; be made into C．famous for; be made from D．famous as; be made in 7．Either Linda or her cousins ________ going to take part in the competition. A．is B．are C．was D．am 8．In spring, the whole park ________ colorful flowers. A．is filled with B．is covered by C．is full with D．is filled in 9．These pens are ________, so my mum decides to ________. A．useful; throw them away B．useless; throw away them C．useful; throw away them D．useless; throw them away 10．________ you are happy, that’s all that matters. A．As long as B．As well as C．As soon as D．As far as 一、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。 The Journey of a Plastic Bottle I am a plastic (塑料的) bottle. A week ago, I was 1 a supermarket shelf. I had a normal life, the same as all my brothers and sisters — other bottles full of water. I felt really happy. Then a tall woman 2 me up and put me in her basket! The woman took me home and put me in the fridge. It was cold, but I soon made friends with the cans and bottles in it. 3 , only a few hours later, she took me out of the fridge and drank the water inside me. Then she threw me into a dustbin. I had never felt so empty and 4 in my life. Early the next morning, a man took me out of the dustbin. He threw me and other rubbish into the back of a truck. There were so many horrible smells. Then I was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish. Soon I was completely 5 . I could not believe how thin I became. I slept for a while. When I woke up, I found 6 in a terrible place. Everything around me was 7 and had horrible smells. I felt afraid. I kept hoping that I would be moved somewhere else. Then several huge trucks came and covered us with a layer of 8 . I asked another bottle what would happen to us. He said we would have to stay here for thousands of years. “Why can’t they reuse or 9 us?” I cried. “I wish someone would save me and give me a 10 life. But who and when?” I asked. 1．A．in B．on C．for D．to 2．A．picked B．threw C．hid D．broke 3．A．Unless B．If C．Therefore D．However 4．A．asleep B．alone C．alive D．awake 5．A．flat B．empty C．clean D．light 6．A．myself B．himself C．herself D．itself 7．A．ugly B．beautiful C．noisy D．clean 8．A．mud B．soil C．water D．sand 9．A．recycle B．reborn C．rethink D．reduce 10．A．first B．second C．third D．last 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We produce a lot of rubbish every day. Where does all the rubbish go? Scientists have made an upside-down pyramid of the different ways 1 (deal) with rubbish. In cities, you seldom see rubbish in open areas 2 people usually collect rubbish and send it to landfills. In some landfills, waste is treated to make it less harmful before it’s 3 (bury). Once a landfill is full, people cover it with soil 4 (safe). A park or playground can be built on top of it then. Another way to deal with rubbish is to burn it. This produces not only energy but also 5 (harm) gases. In some places, these gases are cleaned before they are let off. In the middle of the pyramid is 6 (recycle). This means using rubbish to make new products. For example, people break up waste paper and mix it with water to make new paper. 7 (reuse) is another effective way to deal with rubbish. This means using “waste” in another way. Buying or selling second-hand things online is 8 good example. Waste prevention is at the top 9 the pyramid. It means not producing rubbish in the first place. For example, say no to throwaway plastic cups at the 10 (begin). Choose a glass instead! You can use it over and over again. 三、任务型阅读 阅读下面文本，完成下面小题。 Changing Coastlines Coastlines are places where land meets sea, and they are always changing. Every few seconds, waves hit the shore (海岸), wearing the land away or shaping it into new forms. Also, human activities have made Earth warmer. As temperatures rise, ice caps and glaciers melt (冰川融化), adding more water to the oceans. This causes sea levels to rise, bringing greater changes to coastlines. Sliding away (滑坡) Cliffs (悬崖) may look strong, but huge parts sometimes slide into the sea. Rain is taken in by soil and rock at the top, making the ground heavier. Waves hit the cliff, making it weaker. Over time, the cliff becomes weaker still, until finally it falls down. Caves, arches, and stacks A headland is rocky land sticking out into the sea. Wind and water work together to slowly shape it. Caves form when waves wear away (磨损) cracks in the cliff face. A cave might break through the rock and form an arch. Some arches keep growing until they cannot support themselves. They then fall down, creating a stack. Beach on the move Wind pushes waves to break onto the shore at an angle (角度). The waves carry sand and small stones onto the beach. As the waves move back, they pull sand back too. Over time, the sand is moved along the beach and spread further. This is called longshore drift. Land under water Every year, the sea level rises by about 4.5mm. Even a small rise can cause large areas of land to be covered with water. Over time, more and more people are forced to move further inland because their homes are flooded. Keeping the water back Sea walls are built along the shore to protect land from strong waves. However, they are expensive to build and may stop local wildlife from moving freely along the natural coast. As a coastal city, Qingdao has been building a stronger coastal protection system to protect both human beings and nature. 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 1? 2．根据图文内容补全信息。（每空不超过5个词） (1) (2) 3．How does sea-level rise influence people living along the coast? 4．根据文本内容填空。（每空一词） Coastlines are always changing. Rain and waves can huge cliffs to slide away. The headland is shaped into different over a long period. and lead to sand movement which is called longshore drift. People near the sea are facing big challenges because of strong waves. They are making to protect their homes like building sea walls. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $