Unit 4 课时3 Grammar：现在完成时（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制七年级上册

Unit 4 Smart home 课时3 Grammar：现在完成时 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 知识模块 具体内容 含义 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响 / 持续到现在。不强调动作什么时候发生，重点看现在的结果。 结构 主语 + have /has + 过去分词 (done) 基本结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + have /has + 过去分词 I have finished my poster. He has designed a smart lamp. 2. 否定句 主语 + have /has + not + 过去分词 have not = haven’t；has not = hasn’t I haven’t finished my poster. He hasn’t designed a smart lamp. 3. 一般疑问句 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has./ No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. —Have you finished your poster? —Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ > 思路：特殊疑问词（What/Where/Who/How long 等）放在句首，后面照搬一般疑问句语序 What have you made? Where has she visited? 用法 用法 1：过去发生的动作，对现在造成结果 / 影响（最常考） 重点：不关心动作什么时候做的，看现在的状态 I have lost my key. 我丢了钥匙。（结果：我现在没有钥匙，进不去门） He has turned off the smart light. 他关掉了智能灯。（结果：灯现在是关的） 用法 2：动作从过去开始，持续到现在（常搭配 for /since） for + 一段时间：持续多久 since + 时间点：自从…… 起 I have lived here for 5 years. 我住这里 5 年了。 I have lived here since 2021. 自从 2021 年我就住这儿。 ⚠️ 注意：这种用法，动词必须是延续性动词。短暂动词（buy, leave, borrow）不能和 for/since 连用。 短暂动词 → 延续性动词 1. buy（购买）变为 have（拥有） 2. borrow（借入）变为 keep（保管） 3. leave（离开）变为 be away from（远离、不在） 4. arrive /reach/get to（到达）变为 be in /be at（在某地） 5. join（加入）变为 be in /be a member of（成为成员、在团队里） 6. start /begin（开始）变为 be on（正在进行） 7. finish /end（结束）变为 be over（结束的状态） 8. die（死亡）变为 be dead（死亡状态） 9. come（来）变为 be here（在这儿） 10. go（去）变为 be away（离开、不在） 11. open（打开）变为 be open（开着的） 12. close（关闭）变为 be closed（关着的） 标志词 already（已经，肯定句）、yet（还，否定 / 疑问）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、before（以前）、for + 时间段、since + 时间点 1．The smart fridge ________ just ________ temperature. You don’t need to set again. A．has; changed B．will; change C．is; changing D．was; changing 2．Peter ________ the swimming club two years ago. Peter ________ the club for almost two years. A．joined；have joined B．has joined；has joined C．joined；has been in D．has joined；has been in 3．Sam ________ many of his classmates in the competition so far. A．has won B．wins C．has beat D．has beaten 4．China’s high-speed railways ________ from 37,900 to 50,400 kilometers in the past five years. A．grow B．grew C．has grown D．have grown 5．— How do you like the novel Journey to the West? — It's so exciting that I ________ it for three times. A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading 6．Tom ________ never ________ rock climbing before. He is excited to try it this weekend. A．has; tried B．will; try C．did; try D．is; trying 7．Our school life ________ a lot since 2019. We have more activities now. A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed 8．It is true that AI _________ our life a lot in the past few years. A．changes B．has changed C．will change D．is changing 9．Smart devices ________ our lives since they were first invented. A．change B．will change C．have changed D．has changed 10．You are too late! The train ________ the station for ten minutes. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from 11．How many times has Emma ________ France? A．been to B．gone to C．arrived in D．been in 12．The author has written three books ________ last year. A．by B．since C．/ D．in 13．He _______ the book for two weeks, so he must return it to the library now. A．borrowed B．has borrowed C．kept D．has kept 14．I’m sorry. I ________ your iPad and it doesn’t work now. A．drop B．dropped C．have dropped D．will drop 15．Jenny is on a study exchange program in Tokyo. She ________ for a week. A．has gone B．has come C．has been away D．has left 1．I ________ all the tasks. There is no need for you to work on them anymore. A．will finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished 2．He ________ solar energy to power his home since five years ago. A．has used B．had used C．will use D．used 3．I ________ my essay when you called me yesterday. However, I ________ it yet and I will work on it for a few hours more. A．wrote; haven’t finished B．was writing; haven’t finished C．wrote; haven’t been finishing D．was writing; have finished 4．—Mum, I want to watch Chinese Poetry Conference on CCTV-1 tonight. —Oh, dear. It ________ for nearly twenty minutes. Come on. A．will begin B．will be on C．has begun D．has been on 5．Scientists ________ many tests to make solar panels ________ in the past few years. A．did; light B．did; lighter C．have done; light D．have done; lighter 6．How long ________ Kitty ________ Shanghai? A．has; gone to B．has; been in C．has; stayed D．has; been to 7．Lu Yao and Yiming, ________ you already ________ Dr Smith? A．did; interview B．are; interviewing C．will; interview D．have; interviewed 8．The film ________ for five minutes. A．begins B．began C．has begun D．has been on 9．He ________ England, and he ________ London for five months so far. A．has gone to; has been to B．has been to; has been to C．has gone to; has been in D．has been to; has been in 10．—________ you ________ a school club recently?   —Yes, I have. A．Did, join B．Have, joined C．Did, take part in D．Have, taken part in 11．—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 12．Miss Guo teaches maths in a school. She ________ a teacher since 1998. A．is B．has been C．will be D．was 13．Uncle Weiming has been an engineer ________ 2004 and Aunt Betty has worked as an architect ________ 10 years. A．for; since B．for; for C．since; since D．since; for 14．Sophie and her husband ________ in Shanghai since 2018. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．will live 15．Mr. Black _______ in a car factory in Shanghai since 20 years ago. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．have worked 语法选择 People’s sleep habits change over time. One big reason for these changes is the wide use of man-made lights. Many years ago, people usually 1 early. After the sun went down, they had no electric lights at home. But now, man-made lights let people go to bed late. So they sleep 2 than people did 100 years ago. All people need enough good sleep, no matter where they come from. But people around the world actually have very different sleep habits. For example, many people in 3 Brazil like a short sleep after lunch. This helps them work and study better in the afternoon. Good sleep is important for everyone. It helps us stay healthy and allows us 4 a happy life. If we sleep well every night, we can do our daily work and play with more energy during the daytime. 1．A．sleep B．slept C．were sleeping 2．A．little B．less C．the least 3．A．/ B．a C．the 4．A．live B．living C．to live 语法填空 Have you ever thought about how 3D printing is changing our world? This amazing technology allows people to 1 (creative) design and produce objects at home. Many 2 (child) are now learning to use 3D printers in their schools. They find it 3 (excite) to see their ideas come to life. Some inventors have used 3D printing to create useful things. For example, a young student once made a special handle for an umbrella. His grandmother found it 4 (difficulty) to hold an umbrella because of arthritis (关节炎). He designed a handle that was 5 (easy) to hold than a traditional one. This simple invention made his grandmother very happy and made him feel 6 (pride) of his creativity. 3D printing is also used in the medical field. Scientists have printed models of human organs (器官) to help doctors plan operations. These models help doctors understand the patients’ conditions 7 (good). The technology itself is developing rapidly, and 8 (it) possibilities seem endless. Who knows what amazing things we will be able to print in the future? ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Smart home 课时3 Grammar：现在完成时 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 知识模块 具体内容 含义 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响 / 持续到现在。不强调动作什么时候发生，重点看现在的结果。 结构 主语 + have /has + 过去分词 (done) 基本结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + have /has + 过去分词 I have finished my poster. He has designed a smart lamp. 2. 否定句 主语 + have /has + not + 过去分词 have not = haven’t；has not = hasn’t I haven’t finished my poster. He hasn’t designed a smart lamp. 3. 一般疑问句 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has./ No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. —Have you finished your poster? —Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ > 思路：特殊疑问词（What/Where/Who/How long 等）放在句首，后面照搬一般疑问句语序 What have you made? Where has she visited? 用法 用法 1：过去发生的动作，对现在造成结果 / 影响（最常考） 重点：不关心动作什么时候做的，看现在的状态 I have lost my key. 我丢了钥匙。（结果：我现在没有钥匙，进不去门） He has turned off the smart light. 他关掉了智能灯。（结果：灯现在是关的） 用法 2：动作从过去开始，持续到现在（常搭配 for /since） for + 一段时间：持续多久 since + 时间点：自从…… 起 I have lived here for 5 years. 我住这里 5 年了。 I have lived here since 2021. 自从 2021 年我就住这儿。 ⚠️ 注意：这种用法，动词必须是延续性动词。短暂动词（buy, leave, borrow）不能和 for/since 连用。 短暂动词 → 延续性动词 1. buy（购买）变为 have（拥有） 2. borrow（借入）变为 keep（保管） 3. leave（离开）变为 be away from（远离、不在） 4. arrive /reach/get to（到达）变为 be in /be at（在某地） 5. join（加入）变为 be in /be a member of（成为成员、在团队里） 6. start /begin（开始）变为 be on（正在进行） 7. finish /end（结束）变为 be over（结束的状态） 8. die（死亡）变为 be dead（死亡状态） 9. come（来）变为 be here（在这儿） 10. go（去）变为 be away（离开、不在） 11. open（打开）变为 be open（开着的） 12. close（关闭）变为 be closed（关着的） 标志词 already（已经，肯定句）、yet（还，否定 / 疑问）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、before（以前）、for + 时间段、since + 时间点 1．The smart fridge ________ just ________ temperature. You don’t need to set again. A．has; changed B．will; change C．is; changing D．was; changing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：智能冰箱刚刚改变了温度。无需再次设置。 考查现在完成时。根据“just”和“You don’t need to set again.”可知，智能冰箱刚改变了温度，所以现在没有必要再去设置，说明句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。故选A。 2．Peter ________ the swimming club two years ago. Peter ________ the club for almost two years. A．joined；have joined B．has joined；has joined C．joined；has been in D．has joined；has been in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：彼得两年前加入了游泳俱乐部。彼得已经在这个俱乐部待了近两年。 考查动词时态。根据“two years ago”可知，第一个句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式joined，排除BD项；由于“for almost two years”是一段时间，第二个句子描述的是Peter从过去某个时间点一直持续到现在的状态，所以应用现在完成时，谓语动词应用延续性动词，join“加入”是非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用，be in“处于……之中”表示一种状态，可以和一段时间连用，主语Peter 是第三人称单数，因此用has been in。故选C。 3．Sam ________ many of his classmates in the competition so far. A．has won B．wins C．has beat D．has beaten 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到目前为止，Sam在比赛中已经打败了许多同学。 has won已经赢得，win的现在完成时形式，后常接比赛、奖项等名词；wins赢得，win的第三人称单数形式；has beat无此搭配；has beaten已经打败，beat的现在完成时形式，后常接人或团队。根据“so far”可知句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语Sam为第三人称单数，助动词用has；由“many of his classmates”可知此处应用beat的过去分词beaten。 4．China’s high-speed railways ________ from 37,900 to 50,400 kilometers in the past five years. A．grow B．grew C．has grown D．have grown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，中国的高铁运营里程已经从37900公里增加到了50400公里。 grow增长，一般现在式；grew增长，一般过去式；has grown已经增长了，现在完成式，主语需是第三人称单数；have grown已经增长了，现在完成式，主语需是复数。由“in the past five years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语“railways”是复数。故选D。 5．— How do you like the novel Journey to the West? — It's so exciting that I ________ it for three times. A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得《西游记》这部小说怎么样？——它太精彩了，我已经读了三次。 考查现在完成时。read读，一般现在时或过去时；will read将要读，一般将来时；have read已经读过，现在完成时；was reading正在读，过去进行时。根据答语中“for three times”可知，动作发生在过去且对现在有影响（强调已读过多次），应使用现在完成时。故选C。 6．Tom ________ never ________ rock climbing before. He is excited to try it this weekend. A．has; tried B．will; try C．did; try D．is; trying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆以前从未尝试过攀岩。他这个周末很兴奋去尝试一下。 考查现在完成时。根据“before”和“never”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，A项符合。故选A。 7．Our school life ________ a lot since 2019. We have more activities now. A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从2019年以来，我们的学校生活改变了很多。我们现在有更多的活动了。 考查动词的时态。“since 2019”是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Our school life”是第三人称单数，所以用“has changed”。故选D。 8．It is true that AI _________ our life a lot in the past few years. A．changes B．has changed C．will change D．is changing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：AI确实在过去的几年里大大改变了我们的生活。 考查动词时态。changes一般现在时第三人称单数形式； has changed现在完成时；will change一般将来时；is changing正在进行时。根据时间状语“in the past few years”并结合语境可知，句子应用现在完成时。故选B。 9．Smart devices ________ our lives since they were first invented. A．change B．will change C．have changed D．has changed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从智能设备首次被发明以来，它们已经改变了我们的生活。 句中出现“since they were first invented”，“since+一般过去时的从句”是现在完成时的标志，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。句子主语“Smart devices”是复数，所以助动词用have，change的过去分词是changed，因此应该用have changed。 10．You are too late! The train ________ the station for ten minutes. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你太晚了！火车已经离开车站十分钟了。   left离开（一般过去时）；has left现在完成时（短暂性动词）；has been away现在完成时（状态）；has been away from现在完成时（状态，后接地点）。由“for ten minutes”可知，本句应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词。“leave”为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的“for ten minutes”连用，应转换为延续性状态“be away”。表示“离开某地”需加介词from，故has been away from符合语法要求。 11．How many times has Emma ________ France? A．been to B．gone to C．arrived in D．been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：艾玛去过法国几次？ been to去过（已返回，常与次数连用）；gone to去了（未返回，不与次数连用）；arrived in到达（瞬间动词，不与次数连用）；been in待过（表示在某地待了多久，常与时间段连用）。根据题干“How many times”可知，询问的是去过某地的次数，应填been to。 12．The author has written three books ________ last year. A．by B．since C．/ D．in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：作者自去年以来已经写了三本书。 by不迟于；since自从；/不填；in在。句子为现在完成时，since后接过去时间点常与现在完成时连用，符合语境。 13．He _______ the book for two weeks, so he must return it to the library now. A．borrowed B．has borrowed C．kept D．has kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本书他已经借了两周了，所以现在必须还给图书馆。 考查动词时态和延续性动词。borrow（借入）为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；keep（保持，持有）为延续性动词，可与时间段连用。根据时间状语“for two weeks”（两周）可知，应用延续性动词keep，且动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时（has kept）。故选D。 14．I’m sorry. I ________ your iPad and it doesn’t work now. A．drop B．dropped C．have dropped D．will drop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我很抱歉。我把你的iPad弄掉了，现在不能用了。 考查现在完成时。根据“…it doesn’t work now.”可知，此处强调“掉落”动作在过去发生，对现在有影响，因此需用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”。故选C。 15．Jenny is on a study exchange program in Tokyo. She ________ for a week. A．has gone B．has come C．has been away D．has left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：珍妮在东京参加一个交换学习项目。她已经离开一周了。 考查现在完成时。has gone去了某地（还未回来）；has come已经来了（短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用）；has been away已经离开（延续性动词，可与一段时间连用）；has left已经离开（短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用）。根据“for a week”可知，此处需要使用延续性动词，表示珍妮离开的状态持续了一周，所以应该用has been away。故选C。 1．I ________ all the tasks. There is no need for you to work on them anymore. A．will finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我已经完成了所有的任务。你不需要再继续做这些任务了。 考查现在完成时。 根据“There is no need for you to work on them anymore.”可知，此处表达的是任务已经完成，不需要再继续做了，所以应该用现在完成时来表示动作已经完成且对现在有影响。故选C。 2．He ________ solar energy to power his home since five years ago. A．has used B．had used C．will use D．used 【答案】A 【详解】句意：从五年前开始，他就用太阳能给家里供电。 考查现在完成时。根据“since five years ago”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”。故选A。 3．I ________ my essay when you called me yesterday. However, I ________ it yet and I will work on it for a few hours more. A．wrote; haven’t finished B．was writing; haven’t finished C．wrote; haven’t been finishing D．was writing; have finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你昨天给我打电话的时候，我正在写论文。然而，我还没有写完，我会再花几个小时继续写。 考查时态辨析。wrote一般过去时；was writing过去进行时；haven’t finished现在完成时的否定；have finished现在完成时的肯定；haven’t been finishing现在完成进行时的否定。第一空，“when you called me yesterday”是过去的时间点，强调在这个时间点正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，排除选项A和C；第二空，根据“yet”以及“I will work on it for a few hours more”可知，第二空用现在完成时的否定形式“ haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词”，表示 “还未完成论文”，故选B。 4．—Mum, I want to watch Chinese Poetry Conference on CCTV-1 tonight. —Oh, dear. It ________ for nearly twenty minutes. Come on. A．will begin B．will be on C．has begun D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我今晚想看中央一套的《中国诗词大会》。——哦，亲爱的。它已经开了将近二十分钟了。来吧。 考查动词时态和非延续性动词。begin开始，非延续性动词；be on延续性动词。根据“for nearly twenty minutes. Come on.”可知，设空处应该填表示状态的词，表示节目已经上演了20分钟的持续状态，且该句是现在完成时。故选D。 5．Scientists ________ many tests to make solar panels ________ in the past few years. A．did; light B．did; lighter C．have done; light D．have done; lighter 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，科学家们已经做了许多测试来减轻太阳能电池板的重量。 考查时态和形容词比较级。根据“in the past few years.”可知，应使用现在完成时，结合“Scientists ... many tests to make solar panels...”可知，做了许多测试来减轻太阳能电池板的重量，语境暗含比较含义，故选D。 6．How long ________ Kitty ________ Shanghai? A．has; gone to B．has; been in C．has; stayed D．has; been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：基蒂在上海多久了？ 考查现在完成时。has gone to去；has been in在；has stayed停留； has been to去过。“How long”询问持续的时间，因此需要使用持续性动作。“has been in”表示待在某地，符合题意，stayed后需接in Shanghai，故选B。 7．Lu Yao and Yiming, ________ you already ________ Dr Smith? A．did; interview B．are; interviewing C．will; interview D．have; interviewed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：鹿姚和一鸣，你们已经采访过Dr Smith了吗？ 考查时态。因为“already”常与现在完成时搭配，需用结构“have+动词过去分词形式”，疑问句中助动词“have”应放于主语前，故选D。 8．The film ________ for five minutes. A．begins B．began C．has begun D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：电影已经开始五分钟了。 考查动词时态和延续性动词。begins开始，三单形式；began开始，过去式；has begun开始，现在完成时，非延续性动词；has been on开始，现在完成时，延续性动词。由“for five minutes.”可知，应用现在完成时，与延续性动词搭配。故选D。 9．He ________ England, and he ________ London for five months so far. A．has gone to; has been to B．has been to; has been to C．has gone to; has been in D．has been to; has been in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他去了英国，到目前为止他已经在伦敦待了五个月了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地，还没回来；has been to去过某地，已经回来；has been in在某地多久。根据“He…England, and he…London for five months so far.”可知，此处说的是他去了英国还没回来，且已经在伦敦待了五个月了，因此第一个空用has gone to；第二个空填has been in。故选C。 10．—________ you ________ a school club recently?   —Yes, I have. A．Did, join B．Have, joined C．Did, take part in D．Have, taken part in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最近加入学校俱乐部了吗？——是的，我加入了。 考查时态和动词辨析。根据“Yes, I have”可知此处用现在完成时，排除A、C；join加入（俱乐部）；take part in参加（活动）。根据“a school club”可知是加入俱乐部，用join。故选B。 11．—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我已经打扫了客厅。——干得好！现在很整洁。 考查时态。根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。 12．Miss Guo teaches maths in a school. She ________ a teacher since 1998. A．is B．has been C．will be D．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：郭老师在一所学校教数学。自1998年以来她一直是一名教师。 考查现在完成时。根据“since 1998”可知，此处是指郭老师自1998年以来一直是一名教师，句子时态应用现在完成时，其结构为has/have done；主语为She，助动词用has；动词be的过去分词为been。故选B。 13．Uncle Weiming has been an engineer ________ 2004 and Aunt Betty has worked as an architect ________ 10 years. A．for; since B．for; for C．since; since D．since; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自2004年以来，韦明叔叔一直是一名工程师，贝蒂阿姨做了10年的建筑师。 考查介词辨析。for为了；since自从。根据“2004”为时间点可知，第一空应用since；根据“10 years”为时间段可知，第二空用for。故选D。 14．Sophie and her husband ________ in Shanghai since 2018. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．will live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Sophie和她的丈夫自从2018年就住在上海了。 考查动词的时态。根据“since 2018”可知句子时态是现在完成时。故选C。 15．Mr. Black _______ in a car factory in Shanghai since 20 years ago. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．have worked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：布莱克先生从20年前开始就在上海的一家汽车厂工作。 考查动词时态。根据“since 20 years ago”可知，句子时态使用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选C。 语法选择 People’s sleep habits change over time. One big reason for these changes is the wide use of man-made lights. Many years ago, people usually 1 early. After the sun went down, they had no electric lights at home. But now, man-made lights let people go to bed late. So they sleep 2 than people did 100 years ago. All people need enough good sleep, no matter where they come from. But people around the world actually have very different sleep habits. For example, many people in 3 Brazil like a short sleep after lunch. This helps them work and study better in the afternoon. Good sleep is important for everyone. It helps us stay healthy and allows us 4 a happy life. If we sleep well every night, we can do our daily work and play with more energy during the daytime. 1．A．sleep B．slept C．were sleeping 2．A．little B．less C．the least 3．A．/ B．a C．the 4．A．live B．living C．to live 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了人造灯光如何改变人们的睡眠习惯，介绍了不同国家的睡眠差异及良好睡眠对健康生活的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：许多年前，人们通常睡得很早。 时间状语“Many years ago”表示过去，句子使用一般过去时，sleep的过去式为slept。sleep是一般现在时；were sleeping是过去进行时，均不符合时态要求。 2．句意：所以相比100年前的人们，他们睡得更少。 句中出现than，表示两者对比，需要使用比较级。little是原级；the least是最高级；less为little的比较级，符合语法。 3．句意：例如，许多巴西人喜欢午间小睡一会。 国家名称Brazil是专有名词，单独的国名前不加冠词。a为不定冠词，the为定冠词，均不需要使用。 4．句意：良好睡眠帮助我们保持健康，让我们过上幸福的生活。 固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，后面要接动词不定式to live。live动词原形、living动名词，都不符合该固定结构。 语法填空 Have you ever thought about how 3D printing is changing our world? This amazing technology allows people to 1 (creative) design and produce objects at home. Many 2 (child) are now learning to use 3D printers in their schools. They find it 3 (excite) to see their ideas come to life. Some inventors have used 3D printing to create useful things. For example, a young student once made a special handle for an umbrella. His grandmother found it 4 (difficulty) to hold an umbrella because of arthritis (关节炎). He designed a handle that was 5 (easy) to hold than a traditional one. This simple invention made his grandmother very happy and made him feel 6 (pride) of his creativity. 3D printing is also used in the medical field. Scientists have printed models of human organs (器官) to help doctors plan operations. These models help doctors understand the patients’ conditions 7 (good). The technology itself is developing rapidly, and 8 (it) possibilities seem endless. Who knows what amazing things we will be able to print in the future? 【答案】1．creatively 2．children 3．exciting 4．difficult 5．easier 6．proud 7．better 8．its 【导语】本文介绍了3D打印技术在日常生活和医疗领域的具体应用，比如学生为患关节炎的祖母改进伞柄、医生利用打印模型辅助手术，说明了这项技术既方便实用又充满发展潜力。 【详解】1．句意：这项神奇的技术允许人们在家中创造性地设计和生产物品。creative“有创造性的”，形容词，此处用副词creatively修饰动词“design”，意为“有创造性地”。 2．句意：许多孩子现在正在学校学习使用3D打印机。child“孩子”，可数名词，根据修饰词“many”，此处用复数children。 3．句意：他们发现看到自己的想法变成现实令人兴奋。“find it+形容词+to do sth.”意为“发现做某事是……的”，此处用形容词作“it”的宾语补足语，“it”指的是自己的想法变成现实这件事，用形容词exciting修饰，意为“令人兴奋的”。 4．句意：他的祖母因为关节炎发现握伞很困难。“find it+形容词+to do sth.”意为“发现做某事是……的”，此处用形容词作“it”的宾语补足语，名词difficulty的形容词为difficult，意为“困难的”。 5．句意：他设计了一个比传统手柄更容易握持的手柄。根据“than”，此处用形容词easy的比较级easier作系动词“was”的表语，意为“更容易的”。 6．句意：这个简单的发明让他的祖母非常高兴，也让他为自己的创造力感到自豪。feel proud of“为……感到自豪”，为动词短语，将名词pride变为形容词proud，意为“自豪的”。 7．句意：这些模型帮助医生更好地了解患者的情况。根据“These models help doctors understand”，此处是说这些模型帮医生更好地了解患者的情况，用good的比较级better，意为“更好”。 8．句意：这项技术本身正在快速发展，它的可能性似乎是无穷无尽的。“possibilities”为名词，用人称代词it的形容词性物主代词its修饰，意为“它的”。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $