内容正文:
Unit 3 Make it happen!
Understanding ideas (Grammar)
课 题
Unit 3 Make it happen! — Understanding ideas (Grammar)
课 型
语法课(Understanding ideas Grammar)
课 时
第二课时(45分钟)
授课年级
八年级上册
教 材
外研版(2024)英语八年级上册
话 题
动词不定式和动名词作宾语——用发明让生活更美好(v. + to do / v. + doing)
核心素养目标
语言能力
正确认读和拼写本课重点词汇和语法(report、apply、warn、trouble、creative、imaginative;动词不定式和动名词作宾语),能够就本课时的主题进行流畅的交流和探讨。
文化意识
通过 Lily 的三腿杯与 Shantanu 的智能拐杖,学会关爱残障人士,理解科技发明让生活更便捷更美好。
学习能力
识别语篇中的动词不定式和动名词作宾语;总结和归纳其用法;培养独立思考和自主探究的学习能力,在语法学习中做到举一反三。
思维品质
培养对语法现象分析、推断和归纳的思维能力,辨析既能接不定式又能接动名词的动词的意义差异。
教学重点
①发现、梳理、总结动词不定式和动名词作宾语的基本用法(plan/decide/want/hope/offer/learn + to do;enjoy/practise/finish/avoid/keep/mind + doing)②辨析 remember to do 与 remember doing 等双形式动词的意义差异③掌握 report、apply、warn、trouble、creative、imaginative 六词的核心搭配
教学难点
①通过本课时的活动发现、梳理、总结动词不定式和动名词作宾语的基本用法,灵活运用语法规则完成相应练习②既能接不定式又能接动名词的动词的意义差异辨析
教学过程
教学环节
教师活动
学生活动
例句观察
Lead-in
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. 阅读课文中的句子并总结语法规则:(a) He always tried to improve his work. 他总是努力改进他的作品。(b) He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. 他喜欢逐一解决问题。What can you find? 你发现了什么?——v. + to do/v. + doing 结构。
Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. 再从课文中找出更多含此结构的句子,提示按 try/decide/want(to do)与 enjoy/keep/love(doing)两条线找。
观察两个例句,发现两个动词连用时第二个动词的形式差异;
从课文中找出更多 to do / doing 例句并归类;
初步归纳「动词决定形式」的规律。
语法讲解一
不定式作宾语
动词不定式和动名词作宾语:当我们要表示「想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事」时,就会出现两个动词连用的情况,这时可以使用 want to do sth, need to do sth 和 decide to do sth 等表达方式。行为动词后的动词都采用了「to+动词原形」的结构,我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。它首先可以在句中充当宾语成分。
例句:I wanted to see the Beijing opera, so Li Ling offered to take me there. 我想看京剧,所以李玲就提出带我去看。/We only planned to watch for an hour. 我们原先只打算看一个小时。/I hope to understand more next time. 我希望下次能懂得多一些。
常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词有:plan, decide, want, hope, offer, learn 等——They plan to launch a new product in June. 他们计划在六月发布一款新产品。/We decided to donate the money to charity. 我们决定把这笔钱捐给慈善机构。强调:不定式作宾语多表示将来的行为。
朗读三组例句,体会不定式作宾语表示将来行为的含义;
记忆接 to do 的六类常客动词:plan/decide/want/hope/offer/learn;
用 want/hope/decide 各口头造一句发明主题的句子。
语法讲解二
动名词作宾语
在英语中,并不是所有的动词都可以用不定式作宾语。有一些动词只能用动名词作宾语:She enjoys learning about different cultures and traditions from around the world. 她喜欢了解世界各地不同的文化和传统。/He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day. 他每天练习两个小时吉他。
常见的后面接动名词作宾语的动词有:enjoy, practise, finish, avoid, keep, mind 等——She enjoys swimming in the ocean every morning. 她喜欢每天早晨在海里游泳。/You need to practise speaking English daily. 你需要每天练习说英语。
补充对比:He avoided answering the difficult question. 他回避回答那个难题。/They are learning to adapt to new technologies. 他们正在学习适应新技术——动词不同,对其后动词形式的要求也不同。口诀:「喜欢练习完成避免,保持介意全加 ing」。
对比记忆接 doing 的六类常客动词:enjoy/practise/finish/avoid/keep/mind;
用口诀快速自查两组动词;
做快答练习:教师报动词,学生答 to do 还是 doing。
语法讲解三
双形式动词辨析
需要注意的是,还有一些动词,既可以用不定式又可以用动名词作宾语,但表达的意义可能不同。试比较:I remember seeing her. 我记得见过她。(事情已发生,记得做过)/You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house. 出门之前一定要记得锁门。(事情未发生,记得要做)
归纳判断法:doing=做过的事(回忆),to do=要去做的事(提醒)——先问自己「这件事发生了没有」;句中有 before leaving / tomorrow 等未发生信号用 to do,有「见过、经历过」等回忆信号用 doing。
比较两句,说出 remember doing 与 remember to do 的意义差异;
归纳「发生没发生」判定法并记下同类动词 forget/stop 等;
做情景判断练习:给句子判断该用 doing 还是 to do 并说理由。
操练一
Lily 的三腿杯
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in brackets. 用括号内动词的正确形式补全段落:Lily's grandfather had Parkinson's disease, and he kept 1____________(knocking)his drinks over. Lily decided 2____________(to design)a new cup to help him. She invented a cup with three legs. It can stand well on the table and Grandpa loved 3____________(using)it! Lily 的祖父患帕金森病总是打翻杯子,Lily 决定设计新杯子,发明三腿杯,祖父很喜欢用。
讲评:kept + doing(持续打翻)→decided + to do(决定设计)→loved + doing(喜欢使用)——一题一动词,正好覆盖两类宾语;decided 后必须接 to design,「决定做的事」是将来行为。
独立完成三空;
逐空说出动词与形式的绑定规律;
齐读完整段落,体会三腿杯发明的温暖故事。
操练二
盲人智能拐杖
Complete the news report with the correct form of the words in the box(apply / have / shake / do / make). 用方框内单词的正确形式补全新闻:Boy designs smart stick for the blind. 17-year-old Shantanu Gangwar noticed a problem. Blind students at school had a hard time moving around. They wished 1____________(to have)a smart machine to warn them about the objects in their way, so Shantanu decided 2____________(to make)something to help.
He invented a smart walking stick. It can sense objects nearby. Once it senses an object, it starts 3____________(shaking)to warn the user. Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his invention. However, he wanted 4____________(to do)it even better. He also hoped 5____________(to apply)it to real life after finishing high school. "We can produce a lot of these sticks and help more blind people," he said.
讲评:五空 4 个 to do + 1 个 doing——wished to have/decided to make/starts shaking/wanted to do/hoped to apply;start 后接 doing 表示「开始做」。先给方框五个词标形式,再按「希望、决定、开始、想做、希望应用」逐空对号。
先给方框五词标注所需形式;
独立完成新闻填空五空;
同桌互批后逐空说理,重点解释 starts shaking 的选择依据。
口语输出
Pair work
Work in pairs. Think of a problem and come up with an idea for an invention. Then write an advertisement for it. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. 结对想一个问题、发明一件解决它的作品并写广告。四问引导:1) What everyday problem do you face? 2) How does the problem trouble you? 3) What invention could solve the problem? (Be creative! You can be as imaginative as you want.) 4) How does the invention work?
Useful expressions:... was just a..., but it cost... /What's worse, ... /I must lend a hand to... /I'm going to invent a... /It will be able to... 广告模板:Introducing the new ____________! 全新推出……!The ___________ solves the problem of ___________. ……解决了……的问题。It works by ____________. 它通过……运作。巡视指导,提示先用四问口头过一遍再动笔。
结对按四问展开:问题→困扰→发明→原理;
运用 Useful expressions 与广告三句式(亮相—痛点—原理)写出广告;
组间互读广告,评选「最有创意发明」。
词汇归纳
Vocabulary
学习 report:搭配 news report 新闻报道/make/give a report 做报告——The journalist wrote a detailed report on the climate. 记者写了一篇关于气候的详细报道。Students need to give a report next week. 学生们下周需要做报告。
学习 apply:搭配 apply to 适用于/apply for 申请——This theory applies to many real-life situations. 这个理论适用于许多现实场景。She applied for a job at Google. 她申请了谷歌的工作。
学习 warn:搭配 warn sb. about/of 警告某人关于……/warn (sb.) not to do 警告(某人)不要做——The app warns users about nearby construction sites. 这个应用会提醒用户注意附近的建筑工地。I warned him not to touch the hot pan. 我警告他不要碰热锅。
学习 trouble:搭配 trouble sb. with sth. 用某事困扰某人/Don't trouble trouble. 别自找麻烦。——His knee injury has been troubling him for months. 他膝盖的伤已经困扰他数月。May I trouble you with a question? 可以麻烦您回答一个问题吗?
学习 creative:搭配 creative thinking 创造性思维/creative solution 创新解决方案——We need a creative approach to solve this problem. 我们需要创新的方法来解决这个问题。Children are naturally creative. 孩子天生具有创造力。
学习 imaginative:搭配 imaginative writing 富有想象力的写作/imaginative design 创新设计——The architect's imaginative use of space amazed everyone. 建筑师对空间富有创意的运用令人惊叹。The novel is full of imaginative descriptions. 这本小说充满富有想象力的描写。
按智能拐杖新闻串记六词:news report→apply it to real life→warn about objects→trouble sb.→creative thinking→imaginative design;
重点辨析 apply to(应用于)与 apply for(申请);
对照随堂检测第 5—8 题的题干句式记忆搭配。
随堂检测
Testing
完成随堂检测:教师发放随堂检测题,学生限时独立完成后,教师逐题核对讲评。
【一、根据句意及汉语提示补全句子】
1. 你写完报告了吗?Have you finished ___________ your report?
2. 你介意关下窗户吗?Would you mind ___________ the window?
3. 她希望有一天能见到她最喜欢的作家。She hopes _____________ her favorite author someday.
4. 公司提出免费培训新员工。The company offered _____________ new employees for free.
5. 他想象力丰富的故事赢得了写作比赛。His ______________ story won the writing contest.
6. 我们应该把新技术应用于教育。We should ___________ new technologies to education.
7. 你看今天早上的天气预报了吗?Did you watch the __________________ this morning?
8. 她在广告公司的创意部门工作。She works in the ______________ department of an ad agency.
限时独立完成随堂检测,不看笔记、不讨论;
完成后与同桌交换互批,逐题核对答案并订正;
订正后用红笔标注错题涉及的语法点与词汇搭配,纳入个人复习清单。
参考答案:1. writing 2. closing 3. to meet 4. to train 5. imaginative 6. apply 7. weather report 8. creative
归纳与作业
Summary & Homework
Summary:Grammar—动词不定式和动名词作宾语(plan/decide/want/hope/offer/learn + to do;enjoy/practise/finish/avoid/keep/mind + doing;remember doing vs remember to do)。Vocabulary—report, apply, warn, trouble, creative, imaginative。
Homework:Review the key words, expressions, sentence patterns and grammar in today's lesson. 复习本课重点词汇、短语、句型与语法。Make five sentences with the grammar in today's lesson. 用本课语法造五个句子——分配:三句接 to do 的动词(decide/hope/offer)+ 两句接 doing 的动词(enjoy/avoid),把两组「常客」各用一遍。
对照语法归纳自查两组常客动词掌握情况;
记录两项作业:复习词汇语法;按分配造五句。
作业设计(分层)
【基础·必做】抄写并记忆接 to do 与接 doing 的两组常客动词各 6 个,以及六词搭配(news report/apply to/warn about/trouble sb. with/creative thinking/imaginative design)。
【提升·选做】Make five sentences with the grammar in today's lesson. 用本课语法造五个句子:三句接 to do 的动词(decide/hope/offer)+ 两句接 doing 的动词(enjoy/avoid)。
【拓展·挑战】把课堂上写的发明广告扩写成 60 词左右的完整海报(问题—困扰—发明—原理四段),图文并茂贴在班级展示墙。
板书设计
Unit 3 Make it happen! — 动词不定式和动名词作宾语
v. + to do:plan / decide / want / hope / offer / learn(多为将来的行为)
v. + doing:enjoy / practise / finish / avoid / keep / mind
双形式辨析:remember doing(记得做过)vs remember to do(记得要去做)
词汇:news report|apply to / apply for|warn about|creative thinking|imaginative design
教学评价与反思
1. 目标—评价对应(教-学-评一体化):
素养目标
课堂评价任务与证据
语言能力:掌握语法规则并灵活运用
Lily 三腿杯三空;智能拐杖新闻五空;随堂检测八题
文化意识:关爱残障人士并理解发明价值
三腿杯与智能拐杖故事研读;发明广告创作
学习能力:自主归纳语法规则
课文例句观察归类;快答练习自查
思维品质:辨析与推断语法现象
remember 双义判定法;starts shaking 说理;「最有创意发明」互评
2. 预设反思点:
例句观察从课文原句 try to improve 与 enjoy fixing 出发,让学生自主发现「动词决定形式」的规律;两组常客动词配口诀辅助记忆,配快答练习当堂巩固;remember 双义用「发生没发生」判定法落到可操作层面;操练两则(三腿杯、智能拐杖)都是关爱残障人士的发明故事,语法操练与人文主题同频;口语输出以四问为脚手架写出发明广告,把 to do/doing 用进真实语境;词汇六词与新闻同源,随堂检测八题语法与词汇各半,当堂闭环。
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