Unit 2. Grammar 现在完成时（二）课件2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

Unit 2 Getting along Understanding ideas Grammar -- 现在完成时（二） Review 一、句型转换。 1. I have finished my homework. （改为否定句） I _____________ ______________ my homework. 2. You have visited the Great Wall. （改为一般疑问句） ____________ you ____________ the Great Wall. 3. Has the train arrived? （作否定回答） ____________, ____________ _____________. 4. Amy hasn’t travelled around the world. （改为肯定句） Amy __________ ___________ around the world. haven’t finished Have visited No it hasn’t has travelled Review 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. We can't see the new movie because we ____________________(not / buy) the tickets. 2. ___________you __________ (send)all the emails for the project yet? 3. She looks familiar because I _______________(see) her somewhere before. 4. I ___________________ (not / visit) my grandparents since last Christmas. 5. I can't find my keys. I think I _______________________(lose) them. 6. My brother isn't here. He ___________________(go) to the library to study. haven’t bought Have sent have seen haven’t visited have lost has gone Review 三、选词填空。 1. The floor is wet because I have ____________ washed it. 2. The window is open because Tom has ___________ opened it to let some fresh air in. 3. I need to go to the supermarket because I haven’t bought the food ________. 4. He can’t join us for dinner because he has eaten _____________. 5. The room is empty because everyone has ____________ left for the meeting. just, already, yet just just yet already already just “刚刚”，用于肯定句中，置于have/has 后 yet 可用在否定句中，表示“还未” already “已经”，用于肯定句中，置于have/ has 之后和句末 Review 四、选择题 ( )1. —The book is popular. ___________ you ___________ it yet? —Yes, I have. Are; reading B. Were; reading C．Have; read D．Will; read ( )2. —Have you ever ________ Qinghai Lake? —Yes. I ________ there last month. It’s quite beautiful. A．gone to; went B．been to; went C．been to; had gone D．been to; go C B Review 现在完成时的定义 表示过去发生的动作/状态对现在造成影响或产生结果。 (1) The trees have covered themselves with flowers. (2) How selfish I’ve been! 表示过去发生的动作/状态，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。 (a) The Giant has been away for a long time. (b) Since then, he hasn't seen a child there. (c) “I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year,” says the Giant. (d) I haven't heard that beautiful birdsong for a while. 表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，可以借助现在完成时。通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由 for 或 since 引导。 for + 时间段 since + 时间段 + ago since + 时间点 since + 从句（一般过去时） Conclusion 在对上述时间状语进行提问时，我们常用 _________ how long ↑↓ Hammy has got a stomach ache for three days . since Thursday three days ago since since he ate all the junk food three days ago Hammy got a stomach ache How long has ? Thursday Sunday for + 时间段 since + 时间段 + ago since + 时间点 since + 从句（一般过去时） Conclusion 1. ___________ a month 2. ___________ last Friday 3. ___________ 2020 4. ___________ I was born 5. ___________ five hours 6. ___________ ten minutes ago for since since for since since 用for或since填空 1 We have been friends ______ Grade 3. 2 They have been together ______ three years. 3 ______ last year, we’ve shared a lot of happy moments. Complete the sentences with for or since. 6 P23 since for Since Practice more. 1. I have known him ______ we were children. 2. He has worked in that company ______ three months. 3. The movie has been on ______ ten minutes. 4. We haven’t seen each other ______ last weekend. since for for since Complete the news article with for, since and the correct form of the words in brackets. 7 P23 for since have been for since since * receive (v.) 收到（客观上收到，但并不一定接受） * accept (v.) 接受（主观上愿意接受） * 复合形容词，只能放在名词前做定语 * /ˌsɪŋəˈpɔː(r)/ 新加坡 * plan to do sth. 计划做某事 * give away 赠送；分发 * make sb. feel + adj. 使某人感到... * many of + pl. 大多数的... 建立 社交媒体页面 ① I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer. ② I have stayed in the hotel for a week now. ③ I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 1. 在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，选用不同的时态。 去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。 (讲去年夏天发生的事情，故用过去时) 迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。 (表示到现在为止已经住了一周，故用现在完成时) 下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间。 (讲下个月的事情，故用一般将来时) Every day, Sarah 1. ______ (walk) to school. Yesterday, she 2. ______ (take) the bus because it 3. ______ (rain) heavily. So far this week, she 4. __________ (miss) her morning walk twice. Tomorrow, if the weather 5. ______ (be) sunny, she 6. _________ (walk) to school with her friends. Cycling is also one of her favourite ways to exercise. She 7. _________ (love) cycling since she 8. ______ (buy) her first bike in 2020. Recently, her excitement 9. __________ (grow) because her family 10. __________ (plan) a trip to Japan for months! Next Monday they 11. ________ (fly) to Tokyo! walks took rained has missed is will walk has loved bought has planned will fly has grown 2. 除表示经历、持续至今的行为或状态外，现在完成时还表示到目前为止量的累积。 ① I have learnt twenty English songs. ② I have collected 300 stamps. 我已经学会了20首英文歌曲。 我已经收集了300枚邮票。 Notice！Notice！Notice！ 在现在完成时与since或for连用时，肯定句中谓语动词只能用延续性动词，而不能用非延续性动词。 此时的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“已经是足球俱乐部的成员了，所以现在不能再加入游泳俱乐部了”。 当 A 问对方何时买的书时，他想知道的是过去“买” 这个动作发生的具体的时间，故用一般过去时。但B的回答强调从过去开始持续到现在的一种状态，即拥有这本书的状态已经持续了大约 3 年，故用现在完成时。 A: Would you like to join the swimming club? B: Sorry, I have been a member of the football club. A: When did you buy this book? B: I’m a little unsure about the time. I have had it for about 3 years. 这两组词有什么不同？为什么用现在完成时回答时要转换动词？ 非延续性动词 延续性动词 ★ 延续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作或表示状态的词，如work，stay，live，learn等。 ★ 非延续性动词表示短暂的动作，从开始到结束，几乎同时或在极短的时间里就完成，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等。 1. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的定义 延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，在现在完成时肯定句中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用，应改用延续性动词。 Look at these sentences and check if they are right or wrong. 1 I have bought this book for 3 years. 2 I have joined the club since a week ago. 3 He has died for three years. 1 I have had this book for 3 years. 2 I have been a member of the club since a week ago. 3 He has been died for 3 years. Look at these two sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 Hammy hasn’t sold any popcorn for 3 days. 2 I haven’t heard from him since March. 在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性”被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。 ① 用相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性动词，如： 非延续性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。 2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换 borrow → keep buy → have become/ come/ go → be put on → wear ② 将非延续性动词转换为be+ 介词短语，如： ③ 将非延续性动词转换为be+名词，如： begin / start → be on finish → be over go to school → be in school join → be in +组织机构/ be a member of+ 组织机构 join the army → be a soldier go to school → be a student ④ 用be+ adj./adv. 结构替换非延续性动词，如： close / open → be closed/open come / go back/ return → be back come here → be here fall asleep → be asleep finish / end → be over marry → be married die → be dead 【小试牛刀】非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 open be on go out be out die be dead fall ill be ill finish be over close be closed join be in leave be away borrow keep make friends be friends 【小试牛刀】句式转换 I borrowed the book 5 days ago. = I ________ ________ the book since 5 days ago. 2. He left Shanghai 3 years ago. = He _______ _______ _______ from Shanghai for 3 years. 3. I bought this bike last month. = I _______ ________ this bike since last month. 4. The old man died 5 years ago. = The old man _______ _______ _______________ for 5 years. 5. The film started 20 minutes ago. = The film _______ _______ _______ for 20 minutes. have kept has been away have had has been dead has been on ( )1. Mrs Collins has worked for the company _________ twenty years. A. on B. for C. since ( )2. - _________ have you stayed in Wenzhou? - Since 2022. A. How long B. How often C. How far ( )3. What’s happened to Tina? She _________ to anyone for two days. A. didn’t speak B. doesn’t speak C. hasn’t spoken ( )4. Mary and Paul _________ good friends since they _________ in middle school. A. have been; meet B. have been; met C. have become; met ( )5. - The new dress looks good on you. When did you buy it? - Last Sunday. I _________ it for a week. A. have had B. bought C. have bought B A C B A What makes the changing of the Giant’s garden? The garden is full of life. The garden is silent, lifeless and hopeless. The garden is full of life and joy again. Share No children, no happiness. Being selfish can lead to loneliness, while sharing brings happiness. Review 人称：____________ 时态：____________ ____________ 体裁：____________ 开头：____________ 中间：____________ 结尾：____________ 第一、三人称 一般过去时 现在完成时 发言稿 主题内容 具体经历 感受 + 感悟 【开头】主题内容： 1. 它是关于和一个女孩分享雨伞的。这个经历使我感触很深。 ____________________________________________________________________ It is about sharing an umbrella with a girl. This experience makes me touch deeply. 分享雨伞 和谁？ → 一个女孩 → 总的说明这个经历给你的感受 【中间】具体经历：（时间、地点、经过等） 时间： 雨伞 → 下雨天 2. 这是一个寒冷的，下雨的，冬天的夜晚。 ____________________________________________________________________ It was a cold rainy winter evening. 地点： 夜晚 → 回家路上；公交车站 3. 我撑着雨伞走在回家的路上，并且我看到一个女孩在公交车站。(on one's way home) ____________________________________________________________________ I was on my way home with my umbrella, and I saw a girl at a bus stop/station. 【中间】具体经历：（时间、地点、经过等） 4. 为了遮雨，她拿着一本书顶在头上。（keep out: 挡住） ____________________________________________________________________ 经过： She held a book on her head to keep out the rain. offer (v.) 主动提出 5. 尽管我的伞小，我走上前并提出和她分享我的雨伞（walk over: 走过去） ____________________________________________________________________ Although my umbrella was small, I walked over and offered to share it with her. 行为 → 感受 【中间】具体经历：（时间、地点、经过等） 经过： 6. 她一开始她很震惊，但是后来她朝我微笑。（smile at） ______________________________________________ She was surprised at first, but then smiled at me. 7. 在伞下我们谈论了很多。她和我讲她可爱的猫并且给我展示了猫的照片。（smile at） ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Under the umbrella, we talked a lot. She told me about her lovely cat and showed me photos of it. 行为 → 感受 We had a wonderful time. ↑ 【中间】具体经历：（时间、地点、经过等） 经过： 8. 20分钟后，她的公交车到了。她感谢了我并且说我真的温暖了她的心。(warm sb's heart) __________________________________________________________________________ Twenty minutes later, her bus arrived. She thanked me and said I truly warmed her heart. 【结尾】感受 + 感悟 结尾： 9. 【感受】我的衣服湿了，但是我的心里感到温暖与快乐。 __________________________________________________________________________ My clothes were wet, but I felt warm and happy in my heart. 10. 【感悟】我认识到了，分享不仅可以温暖其他人，还可以温暖我们自己。它给我们带来 了真正的快乐。（not only... but also...） __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ I have learnt that sharing can warm not only others, but also ourselves. It brings true happiness for us. warm (v.) 使温暖 【范文】 Hello, everyone. Today I'd like to talk about one of my sharing experiences. It is about sharing an umbrella with a girl. This experience makes me touch deeply. It was a cold rainy winter evening. I was on my way home with my umbrella, and I saw a girl at a bus stop/station. She held a book on her head to keep out the rain. Although my umbrella was small, I walked over and offered to share it with her. She was surprised at first, but then smiled at me. Under the umbrella, we talked a lot. She told me about her lovely cat and showed me photos of it. We had a wonderful time. Twenty minutes later, her bus arrived. She thanked me and said I truly warmed her heart. My clothes were wet, but I felt warm and happy in my heart. I have learnt that sharing can warm not only others, but also ourselves. It brings true happiness for us. Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $