专题09 2025年上海卷词汇+长难句-备战2027年高考英语真题词汇分题型分话题+长难句破局密码

2025年上海卷词汇+长难句破局 【一、词汇破局】 一、语法填空高频词汇&词块（人与自然·人与动物边界与共处） 核心词汇背 rescue｜v.／n. 营救；抢救 hare｜n. 野兔 bond｜v.／n. 建立情感联系；纽带 speechwriter｜n. 撰稿人；演讲稿撰写者 bark｜n.／v. 犬吠；吠叫 struggle｜v.／n. 挣扎；奋斗 come upon｜偶然遇见；撞见 stomach｜n. 腹部；胃 silky｜adj. 丝滑的；柔顺的 exposed｜adj. 暴露的；无遮蔽的 position｜n. 位置；姿势 chase｜v. 追逐；追赶 pick up｜捡起；捎带 drop｜v. 落下；扔下 crossroads｜n. 十字路口；抉择关口 tend to｜照料；倾向于 immediate｜adj. 立即的；紧迫的 release｜v.／n. 放生；释放 caretaker｜n. 照料者；看管人 protector｜n. 保护者 force｜v. 强迫；迫使 well enough｜健康到足以… arrangement｜n. 安排；相处方式 unusual｜adj. 不寻常的 give birth to｜产仔；生育 curtain｜n. 窗帘；幕布 study｜n. 书房；研究 respect｜v.／n. 尊重 boundary｜n. 边界；界限 coexist｜v. 共存；共处 peacefully｜adv. 和平地；平静地 admirable｜adj. 令人钦佩的 woolly｜adj. 毛茸茸的 housemate｜n. 室友；同住者 patience｜n. 耐心 dignity｜n. 尊严；庄重 calm｜adj.／n. 平静的；镇定 in conflict with｜与…相冲突 overconfidence｜n. 过度自信 deep dive｜深入探究 biology｜n. 生物学 insightful｜adj. 富有洞察力的 高频短语词块 a baby hare that/which seemed to be struggling——看起来似乎在挣扎的幼兔（定语从句） no longer than the width of her hand只有她手掌那么宽 • held tightly against its back紧贴着背 • at a crossroads处于抉择关口 • do more harm than good弊大于利 an equally unwelcome outcome同样不受欢迎的结果 • tend to the animal’s immediate needs照料这只动物眼前急需 be well enough to return to…健康到足以返回… • come and go来来去去；随意出入 • an adult child with a driver’s license有驾照的成年子女（比喻来去自由） • a deep dive into the biology of the animal对这种动物生物学的深入探究 • its role in the animal-human world它在人与动物世界中的角色 二、选词填空读理解高考高频词（太阳能电池板·新能源与土地利用） 话题：新能源·环保·土地规划 核心词汇 solar panel｜太阳能电池板 green target｜环保目标 cover｜v. 覆盖 land｜n. 土地 golf course｜高尔夫球场 chemical-intensive｜化学药剂密集使用的 maintenance｜n. 维护；保养 analysis｜n. 分析 researcher｜n. 研究者 solar farm｜太阳能电站；光伏农场 occupy｜v. 占据；占用 farmland｜n. 农田 the vast majority｜绝大多数 former｜adj. 从前的；前任的 consider｜v. 考虑 discourage｜v. 抑制；不鼓励 installation｜n. 设施；安装 satellite｜n. 卫星 reveal｜v. 揭示；显示 arable｜adj. 可耕种的 grassland｜n. 草原；草地 landfill｜n. 垃圾填埋场 mine｜n. 矿；矿井 in absolute terms｜就绝对量而言 senior research associate｜高级研究员 hectare｜n. 公顷 roughly｜adv. 大约 equivalent to｜相当于…；等同于… capacity｜n. 容量；产能 three times｜三倍 mount｜v. 安装；固定 require｜v. 需要；要求 extra｜adj. 额外的 estimate｜n.／v. 估计；估算 vary｜v. 不同；变化 rooftop｜n. 屋顶 industrial facility｜工业设施 floating｜adj. 漂浮的 proportion｜n. 比例 nature recovery｜自然恢复 combine｜v. 结合；兼有 host｜v. 容纳； hosting（寄居） primary land use｜主要土地用途 高频短语词块 won’t go beyond golf courses不会超过高尔夫球场的占地 • known for their high water usage以高耗水而闻名 • built on former farmland建在原有农田上 • be roughly equivalent to a tenth of the area of Greater London大约相当于大伦敦面积的十分之一 • the current target of expanding capacity three times by 2030到2030年将产能扩大三倍的目标 • take solar’s share of UK land to 0.4%——使太阳能占英国土地比例达到0.4% • installed on the rooftops of large industrial facilities安装在大型工业设施的屋顶上 • floating on vast waters漂浮在广阔水域上 • raise sheep between rows of panels在成排电池板之间放牧绵羊 • occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses与主要土地用途相比占用很小的面积 • host more birds than nearby arable fields——比附近耕地容纳更多鸟类 三、完形填空（夹叙夹议文·科学合作·生态保护与文化传承） 话题 ：协作精神·自然保护·文化遗产（夹叙夹议） 核心词汇 raise one’s voice｜发声 come together｜走到一起；协作 progress｜n. 进步 in isolation｜孤立地 fuel｜v. 推动；n. 燃料 cooperation｜n. 合作 instrument｜n. 乐器；仪器 play its part｜发挥作用 harmonize｜v. 协调；使和谐 expertise｜n. 专门技术；专长 initiative｜n. 倡议；举措 bring together｜召集；联合 tribal community｜部落社区 academic institution｜学术机构 private landowner｜私人土地所有者 shared mission｜共同使命 address｜v. 应对；处理 critical shortage｜严重短缺 native plant｜本地植物 fire reduction｜减少火灾 foreign species control｜外来物种防治 habitat restoration｜栖息地恢复 diverse｜adj. 多样的 contribute｜v. 贡献 essential｜adj. 必不可少的 large-scale｜大规模的 overnight｜adv. 一夜之间 long-term｜长期的 commitment｜n. 承诺；投入 unlock｜v. 开启；解锁 innovation｜n. 创新 transform｜v. 改变；变革 passionate about｜对…热情 exchange｜v.／n. 交换 partnership｜n. 伙伴关系；合作 emerge｜v. 出现；浮现 otherwise｜adv. 否则；不然 microbiologist｜n. 微生物学家 microscopic｜adj. 微小的；显微镜下的 preservation｜n. 保护；保存 invaluable｜adj. 极有价值的 removal｜n. 移除 historic｜adj. 有历史意义的 staircase｜n. 楼梯 precaution｜n. 预防措施 disturb｜v. 打扰；扰乱 delicate｜adj. 脆弱的；精巧的 ecosystem｜n. 生态系统 unintended｜adj. 非故意的；意外的 relocation｜n. 迁移 projected image｜投影影像 illustrate｜v. 说明；描绘 presence｜n. 存在；身影 historical significance｜历史意义 safeguard｜v. 保护 ecological integrity｜生态完整性 balance｜v. 平衡 opposition｜n. 对立 高频短语词块 • just as important as raising our voices is how we come together与我们如何协作同等重要的是我们如何发出声音 • greater than the sum of its parts大于各部分之和（整体效应） • addressing critical shortages in native plant materials应对本地植物材料的严重短缺 support fire reduction, foreign species control and habitat restoration支持减火、防外来物种与栖息地恢复 • don’t happen overnight不会一夜之间发生 • a model for how we should unlock solutions我们应如何打开解决之道的典范 • the foundation of scientific progress科学进步的基础 • might otherwise remain difficult to achieve否则可能仍然难以实现 • hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation未曾考虑微生物在保护中的作用 the advice proved invaluable这一建议被证明极其宝贵 • a worsening historic wooden staircase日益恶化的历史木楼梯 • disturbing the structure could have ruined the cave’s delicate ecosystem——扰动结构可能已毁掉洞穴脆弱的生态系统 • covering the staircase to prevent unintended harm——覆盖楼梯以防止意外伤害 • combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation——将科学专长与文化保护相结合 4、 5、 阅读理解 1.阅读理解 A篇——教育测量学家 Andreas Schleicher 话题：教育·量化研究·人物成长（记叙文） 核心词汇 1. attract attention｜引起注意 wander into｜闲逛进入 have no intention of｜无意 lecture｜n. 讲座 leading｜adj. 顶尖的 slip into｜悄悄溜进 physics｜n. 物理学 educational scientist｜教育科学家 curious｜adj. 好奇的 professor｜n. 教授 mysterious｜adj. 神秘的 measure｜v. 衡量 human quality｜人的品质 prefer｜v. 更喜欢 think the other way around｜持相反观点 researcher｜n. 研究者 analyze｜v. 分析 soft subject｜软科学；人文学科 control for｜控制（变量） factor｜n. 因素 poverty｜n. 贫困 sampling｜n. 抽样 statistics｜n. 统计（学） exceptional｜adj. 杰出的 ordinary｜adj. 平庸的 grade｜n. 成绩 fascination｜n. 着迷；酷爱 national science prize｜全国科学奖 guarantee｜v. 保证 well-paying｜adj. 高薪的 stay behind｜留下来 potential｜n. 潜力 quantitative｜adj. 定量的 team up｜合作 eventually｜adv. 最终 measure reading ability globally｜全球性阅读能力测评 高频短语词块 • trying not to attract attention——尽量不引人注意 • wandering into classes he had no intention of taking——走进自己并不打算上的课堂 one of Germany’s leading universities德国顶尖大学之一 • slip into lectures the way other people watch television——像别人看电视一样溜去听讲座 • who called himself an “educational scientist”——自称“教育科学家”的人 • You cannot measure what matters in education——你无法衡量教育中真正重要的东西 • there was nothing scientific about education——教育毫无科学性可言 • trying to analyze a soft subject in a hard way——试图用硬科学的方式分析一门软学科 • controlling for factors like race or poverty——控制种族或贫困等变量 • he started imagining what might happen if…他开始设想如果…会怎样 • earned ordinary grades——成绩平平 • won a national science prize——获得一项全国科学奖 • a well-paying job in a private company——私企里一份高薪工作 • eventually creating the first international reading test——最终创建了首个国际阅读测试 2.阅读理解 B篇——学校 AI 整合框架（LDOE） 话题：教育科技·AI 责任应用·校园治理（应用文） 核心词汇 2. integration｜n. 整合；融合 framework｜n. 框架 comprehensive｜adj. 全面的 responsible｜adj. 负责任的 maximize｜v. 使最大化 benefit｜n. 益处 adopt｜v. 采用；采纳 continuous cycle｜持续循环 exploration｜n. 探索 improvement｜n. 改进 empower｜v. 赋能；授权 prioritize｜v. 优先处理 student safety｜学生安全 future readiness｜面向未来的准备 aim to｜旨在 sustainable｜adj. 可持续的 outcome｜n. 成效；结果 policy｜n. 政策 community involvement｜社区参与 ongoing evaluation｜持续评估 purpose｜n. 目的 evidence-based｜基于证据的 practice｜n. 实践 assess｜v. 评估 challenge｜n. 挑战 in line with｜与…一致 objective｜n. 目标 purposeful｜adj. 有目的的 informed｜adj. 知情的；理性的 application｜n. 应用 monitor｜v. 监测 impact｜n. 影响 track｜v. 跟踪 progress｜n. 进展 effectiveness｜n. 有效性 stakeholder｜n. 利益相关者 administrator｜n. 管理者 policymaker｜n. 政策制定者 perspective｜n. 视角 address concerns｜回应关切 data privacy｜数据隐私 guideline｜n. 指南；准则 standard｜n. 标准 ownership｜n. 归属感；所有权 高频短语词块 • a comprehensive, responsible approach一套全面而负责的做法 • maximizing AI’s benefits最大化 AI 的益处 • adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety负责任地采用 AI，同时把学生安全放在首位 • a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement探索与改进的持续循环 • aims to create a sustainable environment旨在创造一个可持续的环境 • involves researching evidence-based practices包括研究循证实践 • identifying tools in line with the city’s educational objectives找出与该市教育目标一致的工具 • centers on assessing the impact of AI application核心在于评估 AI 应用的影响 • gathering different perspectives and addressing concerns汇集不同视角并回应关切 • a structured approach to handling the complexities处理复杂性的结构化方法 • promotes trust, ownership and joint responsibility促进信任、归属感与共同责任 3. 阅读理解 C篇——宠物食品的生态足迹 话题：环保·生态足迹·宠物与可持续（议论文） 核心词汇 industry｜n. 行业 unkind remark｜不友善的评论 origin｜n. 起源；来源 ingredient｜n. 原料 for decades｜数十年 face criticism｜面临批评 source｜n. 来源 editorial｜n. 社论 largely agree with｜大体赞同 finding｜n. 发现；结论 ecological footprint｜生态足迹 quantify｜v. 量化 demand｜n. 需求 ecosystem｜n. 生态系统 global hectare｜全球公顷 author｜n. 作者 shocking｜adj. 令人震惊的 comparison｜n. 比较 citizen｜n. 公民 justify｜v. 证明…正当 genuinely｜adv. 真诚地；由衷地 surprised｜adj. 惊讶的 calculate｜v. 计算 environmental impact｜环境影响 attenuate｜v. 减轻；削弱（=reduce） put forward｜提出 process into｜加工成 company｜n. 陪伴；公司 favour｜v. 偏爱 red meat｜红肉 by-product｜副产品 recycle｜v. 回收利用 abandoned｜adj. 被丢弃的 be buried under the earth｜被埋入地下 carbon footprint｜碳足迹 enrich｜v. 丰富 inspire responsibility｜激发责任感 social awareness｜社会意识 positive health benefit｜有益健康的成效 高频短语词块 • received unkind remarks as to the true origin就其真实来源收到过不友善的评论 • starts a debate about the environmental impact引发一场关于环境影响的辩论 • have a surprisingly high ecological footprint有着惊人的高生态足迹 • a way of quantifying human demand on the planet’s ecosystems一种量化人类对地球生态系统需求的方式 • almost the same as what is needed to run a small car几乎与开一辆小车所需相当 • can people really justify keeping pets…——人们真的能证明养宠物是正当的吗 • ideas they put forward to attenuate this他们提出的减轻这种影响的主张 • catching pests such as field mice捕捉田鼠等害虫 • favour pet foods made from chicken meat偏爱鸡肉制成的宠物食品 • puts up a spirited defence展开有力的辩护 • of sufficient quality for human consumption达到可供人类食用的质量 • recycle animal by-products to sell回收动物副产品出售 • should not be viewed just on their carbon footprint不应仅从碳足迹看待宠物 4.七选五——拯救户外课间休息（遮阳与气候变化） 话题：校园·气候适应·儿童健康（说明文） 核心词汇 save｜v. 挽救；保留 outdoor recess｜户外课间休息 extreme heat｜极端高温 move indoors｜转入室内 day after day｜日复一日 improve grades｜提高成绩 problem-solve｜解决问题 cooperate｜v. 合作 shade｜n. 阴凉；遮光 feel cooler｜感觉更凉快 install｜v. 安装 structure｜n. 构筑物 artificial shade｜人工遮阳 determine｜v. 决定 whether…survive｜能否保留 exposed to direct sunlight｜暴露在阳光下 tree cover｜树木覆盖 put up｜搭建 cost｜v. 花费 thousands of｜数千（美元） nonprofit｜n. 非营利机构 apply for｜申请 funding｜n. 资金 cover the full cost——覆盖全部成本 finance｜v. 资助 government program｜政府项目 adapt to climate change｜适应气候变化 energy efficiency｜能源效率 do not fund the actual changes——不为实际改造出资 emerge｜v. 出现 instruction｜n. 教学；指导 burn off energy｜消耗精力 unstructured play｜非结构化游戏 endure in one’s memory｜长久留在记忆中 高频短语词块 • the first and last weeks of school keep getting hotter开学与期末几周越来越热 • recess might be moved indoors day after day——课间可能不得不日复一日移到室内 • the quickest way to get playgrounds out of direct sunlight让操场避开阳光直射的最快方法 • schools’ ability to install structures that provide artificial shade学校搭建人工遮阳设施的能力 • could determine whether recess survives June, August and September或将决定六月、八月、九月的课间能否保留 • almost entirely exposed to direct sunlight几乎完全暴露在阳光下 • 91 percent of the average schoolyard has zero tree cover——平均校园91%没有树木遮阴 • can take just days to put up搭建只需几天 • won’t cover the full cost of many projects不足以覆盖许多项目的全部费用 • focus on energy efficiency聚焦能源效率 • do not fund the actual changes to buildings不为建筑的实际改造出资 • spend up to a month with indoor recess室内课间甚至长达一个月 • put on dance videos that help children burn off energy——播放帮助孩子消耗精力的舞蹈视频 • can’t replace the type of unstructured play children need无法替代孩子成长所需的非结构化游戏 五、书面表达——美术馆参观（艺术疗愈·摘要写作） 话题：心理健康·审美体验·亲子陪伴（夹叙夹议） 核心词汇 lasting｜adj. 持续的 rainy winter｜多雨的冬天 depression｜n. 抑郁；消沉 escape from｜逃避；摆脱 the winter blues｜冬季忧郁 engage with｜沉浸于；接触 life enhancer｜生活增益 relief｜n. 缓解；慰藉 loneliness｜n. 孤独 frustration｜n. 挫败 pleasure centre｜愉悦中枢 reward｜n. 奖赏 activity｜n. 活动；活跃 go up｜上升 challenging｜adj. 有挑战的 theme｜n. 主题 favourite｜n. 最喜爱之物 comforting｜adj. 令人慰藉的 faint｜adj. 微弱的；淡的 delicate｜adj. 精致的；纤细的 mindfulness｜n. 正念 truly present｜全然临在 slow looking｜慢观（细看） absorb｜v. 吸收；领悟 give…a glance｜瞥一眼 accompanying｜adj. 伴随的 description｜n. 说明文字 informative｜adj. 增长见识的 gather one’s thoughts｜整理思绪 company｜n. 陪伴 form｜n. 形式 widen in curiosity｜因好奇而睁大 perception｜n. 感知；看法 personal｜adj. 个人的；主观的 precious｜adj. 珍贵的 高频短语词块 • a season that feels heavy with depression一个令人倍感压抑的季节 • a way to escape from the winter blues一种摆脱冬季忧郁的方式 • a relief from loneliness, sadness and frustration——对孤独、悲伤与挫败感的慰藉 • activity in the pleasure and reward centres of the brain goes up大脑愉悦与奖赏中枢活跃度上升 • take on challenging new themes——接触有挑战的新主题 • return to the comfort of my favourites回到我所喜爱之作的慰藉中 • the closest I get to being truly present我离全然临在最近的时刻 • taking time to really absorb an artwork rather than giving it a glance花时间真正领悟一件作品而非匆匆一瞥 • reading the accompanying description阅读旁边的说明文字 • gather my thoughts——整理我的思绪 • the company of form, colour, material形式、色彩与材质相伴 • that we all see these things in a different way我们看待这些事物的方式各不相同 • remembering that perception is personal——记住感知是主观的 六、翻译与书信写作——表达素材与高分句型 【话题】话题：运动·休闲·敢于尝试（翻译 52-55 与征文写作） 核心词汇 cloth｜n. 布料 lightweight｜adj. 轻薄的 quick-dry｜adj. 速干的 sportswear｜n. 运动装 swallow｜v. 吞咽；吞吞吐吐 in a sense｜从某种意义上说 decline｜v. 婉拒 invitation｜n. 邀请 fruit-picking｜水果采摘 relax body and mind｜让身心放松 sales volume｜销量 two-thirds｜三分之二 kill two birds with one stone｜一举两得 under pressure｜在压力之下 talented｜adj. 有天赋的 athlete｜n. 运动员 stable performance｜稳定发挥 deliver a steady performance——稳定发挥 win gold／win glory for the country｜摘金夺银／为国争光 get one’s feet wet｜初试身手；亲身尝试 be afraid of｜害怕 step out of the comfort zone｜走出舒适区 take risks｜冒险 give it a try｜试一试 高频短语词块 • This cloth is thin and quick-drying, ideal for sportswear.这块布料轻薄速干，最适合做运动装 • He stammered in his reply, which was in a sense an equal refusal of your invitation.他回答得吞吞吐吐，某种意义上就是婉拒 • Fruit-picking relaxes visitors physically and mentally and helps growers boost sales by at least two-thirds.采摘让游客身心放松，也帮果农增加至少三分之二销量 • However great the pressure is, this talented athlete can deliver a steady performance.无论压力多大，这位天才运动员都能稳定发挥 • Don’t be afraid to get your feet wet if you want to learn how to swim.想学会游泳，就别怕下水（敢于尝试） • Only by stepping out of the comfort zone can we truly grow.只有走出舒适区我们才能真正成长（倒装） 【二、长难句破局】 长难句拆解核心四步法 1. 找动词： 快速扫描句子，找出所有谓语动词，确定句子数量。 2. 找连词和从句： 识别 that, which, although, when 等引导词，划分主句和从句。 3. 找修饰： 找出介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词短语等修饰成分，明确其修饰对象。 4. 提主干： 剥离所有修饰成分，留下“主语+谓语+宾语/表语”的核心骨架，理解句意。 1.One of the UK’s green targets is to cover 0.4% of its land in solar panels by the end of the decade — less than the area covered by golf courses, known for their high water usage and chemical-intensive maintenance practices. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. She knew that picking up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them to coexist peacefully. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery; they can, according to a recent study by a University of Cambridge team, host more birds than nearby arable fields. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise to create something greater than the sum of its parts. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might otherwise remain difficult to achieve. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Without precautions, disturbing the structure could have ruined the cave’s delicate ecosystem. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Postlethwaite was part of a new group of researchers who were trying to analyze a soft subject in a hard way, much like a physicist might study education if he could. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. He started imagining what might happen if one really could compare what kids knew around the world, while controlling for factors like race or poverty. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Adopting a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement, it empowers schools to adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.The New Scientist magazine largely agreed with the book’s findings that some pets, due to the food they eat, have a surprisingly high ecological footprint. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The eco-footprint of a cat is about 0.15 hectares, almost the same as what is needed to run a small car. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.Unless more resources emerge to support shade construction, school districts will spend up to a month with indoor recess. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.Part of this is down to “slow looking”, the practice of taking time to really absorb an artwork rather than giving it a glance, reading the accompanying description and moving on. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.It was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025年上海卷词汇+长难句破局 【一、词汇破局】 一、语法填空高频词汇&词块（人与自然·人与动物边界与共处） 核心词汇背 rescue｜v.／n. 营救；抢救 hare｜n. 野兔 bond｜v.／n. 建立情感联系；纽带 speechwriter｜n. 撰稿人；演讲稿撰写者 bark｜n.／v. 犬吠；吠叫 struggle｜v.／n. 挣扎；奋斗 come upon｜偶然遇见；撞见 stomach｜n. 腹部；胃 silky｜adj. 丝滑的；柔顺的 exposed｜adj. 暴露的；无遮蔽的 position｜n. 位置；姿势 chase｜v. 追逐；追赶 pick up｜捡起；捎带 drop｜v. 落下；扔下 crossroads｜n. 十字路口；抉择关口 tend to｜照料；倾向于 immediate｜adj. 立即的；紧迫的 release｜v.／n. 放生；释放 caretaker｜n. 照料者；看管人 protector｜n. 保护者 force｜v. 强迫；迫使 well enough｜健康到足以… arrangement｜n. 安排；相处方式 unusual｜adj. 不寻常的 give birth to｜产仔；生育 curtain｜n. 窗帘；幕布 study｜n. 书房；研究 respect｜v.／n. 尊重 boundary｜n. 边界；界限 coexist｜v. 共存；共处 peacefully｜adv. 和平地；平静地 admirable｜adj. 令人钦佩的 woolly｜adj. 毛茸茸的 housemate｜n. 室友；同住者 patience｜n. 耐心 dignity｜n. 尊严；庄重 calm｜adj.／n. 平静的；镇定 in conflict with｜与…相冲突 overconfidence｜n. 过度自信 deep dive｜深入探究 biology｜n. 生物学 insightful｜adj. 富有洞察力的 高频短语词块 a baby hare that/which seemed to be struggling——看起来似乎在挣扎的幼兔（定语从句） no longer than the width of her hand只有她手掌那么宽 • held tightly against its back紧贴着背 • at a crossroads处于抉择关口 • do more harm than good弊大于利 an equally unwelcome outcome同样不受欢迎的结果 • tend to the animal’s immediate needs照料这只动物眼前急需 be well enough to return to…健康到足以返回… • come and go来来去去；随意出入 • an adult child with a driver’s license有驾照的成年子女（比喻来去自由） • a deep dive into the biology of the animal对这种动物生物学的深入探究 • its role in the animal-human world它在人与动物世界中的角色 二、选词填空读理解高考高频词（太阳能电池板·新能源与土地利用） 话题：新能源·环保·土地规划 核心词汇 solar panel｜太阳能电池板 green target｜环保目标 cover｜v. 覆盖 land｜n. 土地 golf course｜高尔夫球场 chemical-intensive｜化学药剂密集使用的 maintenance｜n. 维护；保养 analysis｜n. 分析 researcher｜n. 研究者 solar farm｜太阳能电站；光伏农场 occupy｜v. 占据；占用 farmland｜n. 农田 the vast majority｜绝大多数 former｜adj. 从前的；前任的 consider｜v. 考虑 discourage｜v. 抑制；不鼓励 installation｜n. 设施；安装 satellite｜n. 卫星 reveal｜v. 揭示；显示 arable｜adj. 可耕种的 grassland｜n. 草原；草地 landfill｜n. 垃圾填埋场 mine｜n. 矿；矿井 in absolute terms｜就绝对量而言 senior research associate｜高级研究员 hectare｜n. 公顷 roughly｜adv. 大约 equivalent to｜相当于…；等同于… capacity｜n. 容量；产能 three times｜三倍 mount｜v. 安装；固定 require｜v. 需要；要求 extra｜adj. 额外的 estimate｜n.／v. 估计；估算 vary｜v. 不同；变化 rooftop｜n. 屋顶 industrial facility｜工业设施 floating｜adj. 漂浮的 proportion｜n. 比例 nature recovery｜自然恢复 combine｜v. 结合；兼有 host｜v. 容纳； hosting（寄居） primary land use｜主要土地用途 高频短语词块 won’t go beyond golf courses不会超过高尔夫球场的占地 • known for their high water usage以高耗水而闻名 • built on former farmland建在原有农田上 • be roughly equivalent to a tenth of the area of Greater London大约相当于大伦敦面积的十分之一 • the current target of expanding capacity three times by 2030到2030年将产能扩大三倍的目标 • take solar’s share of UK land to 0.4%——使太阳能占英国土地比例达到0.4% • installed on the rooftops of large industrial facilities安装在大型工业设施的屋顶上 • floating on vast waters漂浮在广阔水域上 • raise sheep between rows of panels在成排电池板之间放牧绵羊 • occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses与主要土地用途相比占用很小的面积 • host more birds than nearby arable fields——比附近耕地容纳更多鸟类 三、完形填空（夹叙夹议文·科学合作·生态保护与文化传承） 话题 ：协作精神·自然保护·文化遗产（夹叙夹议） 核心词汇 raise one’s voice｜发声 come together｜走到一起；协作 progress｜n. 进步 in isolation｜孤立地 fuel｜v. 推动；n. 燃料 cooperation｜n. 合作 instrument｜n. 乐器；仪器 play its part｜发挥作用 harmonize｜v. 协调；使和谐 expertise｜n. 专门技术；专长 initiative｜n. 倡议；举措 bring together｜召集；联合 tribal community｜部落社区 academic institution｜学术机构 private landowner｜私人土地所有者 shared mission｜共同使命 address｜v. 应对；处理 critical shortage｜严重短缺 native plant｜本地植物 fire reduction｜减少火灾 foreign species control｜外来物种防治 habitat restoration｜栖息地恢复 diverse｜adj. 多样的 contribute｜v. 贡献 essential｜adj. 必不可少的 large-scale｜大规模的 overnight｜adv. 一夜之间 long-term｜长期的 commitment｜n. 承诺；投入 unlock｜v. 开启；解锁 innovation｜n. 创新 transform｜v. 改变；变革 passionate about｜对…热情 exchange｜v.／n. 交换 partnership｜n. 伙伴关系；合作 emerge｜v. 出现；浮现 otherwise｜adv. 否则；不然 microbiologist｜n. 微生物学家 microscopic｜adj. 微小的；显微镜下的 preservation｜n. 保护；保存 invaluable｜adj. 极有价值的 removal｜n. 移除 historic｜adj. 有历史意义的 staircase｜n. 楼梯 precaution｜n. 预防措施 disturb｜v. 打扰；扰乱 delicate｜adj. 脆弱的；精巧的 ecosystem｜n. 生态系统 unintended｜adj. 非故意的；意外的 relocation｜n. 迁移 projected image｜投影影像 illustrate｜v. 说明；描绘 presence｜n. 存在；身影 historical significance｜历史意义 safeguard｜v. 保护 ecological integrity｜生态完整性 balance｜v. 平衡 opposition｜n. 对立 高频短语词块 • just as important as raising our voices is how we come together与我们如何协作同等重要的是我们如何发出声音 • greater than the sum of its parts大于各部分之和（整体效应） • addressing critical shortages in native plant materials应对本地植物材料的严重短缺 support fire reduction, foreign species control and habitat restoration支持减火、防外来物种与栖息地恢复 • don’t happen overnight不会一夜之间发生 • a model for how we should unlock solutions我们应如何打开解决之道的典范 • the foundation of scientific progress科学进步的基础 • might otherwise remain difficult to achieve否则可能仍然难以实现 • hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation未曾考虑微生物在保护中的作用 the advice proved invaluable这一建议被证明极其宝贵 • a worsening historic wooden staircase日益恶化的历史木楼梯 • disturbing the structure could have ruined the cave’s delicate ecosystem——扰动结构可能已毁掉洞穴脆弱的生态系统 • covering the staircase to prevent unintended harm——覆盖楼梯以防止意外伤害 • combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation——将科学专长与文化保护相结合 4、 5、 阅读理解 1.阅读理解 A篇——教育测量学家 Andreas Schleicher 话题：教育·量化研究·人物成长（记叙文） 核心词汇 1. attract attention｜引起注意 wander into｜闲逛进入 have no intention of｜无意 lecture｜n. 讲座 leading｜adj. 顶尖的 slip into｜悄悄溜进 physics｜n. 物理学 educational scientist｜教育科学家 curious｜adj. 好奇的 professor｜n. 教授 mysterious｜adj. 神秘的 measure｜v. 衡量 human quality｜人的品质 prefer｜v. 更喜欢 think the other way around｜持相反观点 researcher｜n. 研究者 analyze｜v. 分析 soft subject｜软科学；人文学科 control for｜控制（变量） factor｜n. 因素 poverty｜n. 贫困 sampling｜n. 抽样 statistics｜n. 统计（学） exceptional｜adj. 杰出的 ordinary｜adj. 平庸的 grade｜n. 成绩 fascination｜n. 着迷；酷爱 national science prize｜全国科学奖 guarantee｜v. 保证 well-paying｜adj. 高薪的 stay behind｜留下来 potential｜n. 潜力 quantitative｜adj. 定量的 team up｜合作 eventually｜adv. 最终 measure reading ability globally｜全球性阅读能力测评 高频短语词块 • trying not to attract attention——尽量不引人注意 • wandering into classes he had no intention of taking——走进自己并不打算上的课堂 one of Germany’s leading universities德国顶尖大学之一 • slip into lectures the way other people watch television——像别人看电视一样溜去听讲座 • who called himself an “educational scientist”——自称“教育科学家”的人 • You cannot measure what matters in education——你无法衡量教育中真正重要的东西 • there was nothing scientific about education——教育毫无科学性可言 • trying to analyze a soft subject in a hard way——试图用硬科学的方式分析一门软学科 • controlling for factors like race or poverty——控制种族或贫困等变量 • he started imagining what might happen if…他开始设想如果…会怎样 • earned ordinary grades——成绩平平 • won a national science prize——获得一项全国科学奖 • a well-paying job in a private company——私企里一份高薪工作 • eventually creating the first international reading test——最终创建了首个国际阅读测试 2.阅读理解 B篇——学校 AI 整合框架（LDOE） 话题：教育科技·AI 责任应用·校园治理（应用文） 核心词汇 2. integration｜n. 整合；融合 framework｜n. 框架 comprehensive｜adj. 全面的 responsible｜adj. 负责任的 maximize｜v. 使最大化 benefit｜n. 益处 adopt｜v. 采用；采纳 continuous cycle｜持续循环 exploration｜n. 探索 improvement｜n. 改进 empower｜v. 赋能；授权 prioritize｜v. 优先处理 student safety｜学生安全 future readiness｜面向未来的准备 aim to｜旨在 sustainable｜adj. 可持续的 outcome｜n. 成效；结果 policy｜n. 政策 community involvement｜社区参与 ongoing evaluation｜持续评估 purpose｜n. 目的 evidence-based｜基于证据的 practice｜n. 实践 assess｜v. 评估 challenge｜n. 挑战 in line with｜与…一致 objective｜n. 目标 purposeful｜adj. 有目的的 informed｜adj. 知情的；理性的 application｜n. 应用 monitor｜v. 监测 impact｜n. 影响 track｜v. 跟踪 progress｜n. 进展 effectiveness｜n. 有效性 stakeholder｜n. 利益相关者 administrator｜n. 管理者 policymaker｜n. 政策制定者 perspective｜n. 视角 address concerns｜回应关切 data privacy｜数据隐私 guideline｜n. 指南；准则 standard｜n. 标准 ownership｜n. 归属感；所有权 高频短语词块 • a comprehensive, responsible approach一套全面而负责的做法 • maximizing AI’s benefits最大化 AI 的益处 • adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety负责任地采用 AI，同时把学生安全放在首位 • a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement探索与改进的持续循环 • aims to create a sustainable environment旨在创造一个可持续的环境 • involves researching evidence-based practices包括研究循证实践 • identifying tools in line with the city’s educational objectives找出与该市教育目标一致的工具 • centers on assessing the impact of AI application核心在于评估 AI 应用的影响 • gathering different perspectives and addressing concerns汇集不同视角并回应关切 • a structured approach to handling the complexities处理复杂性的结构化方法 • promotes trust, ownership and joint responsibility促进信任、归属感与共同责任 3. 阅读理解 C篇——宠物食品的生态足迹 话题：环保·生态足迹·宠物与可持续（议论文） 核心词汇 industry｜n. 行业 unkind remark｜不友善的评论 origin｜n. 起源；来源 ingredient｜n. 原料 for decades｜数十年 face criticism｜面临批评 source｜n. 来源 editorial｜n. 社论 largely agree with｜大体赞同 finding｜n. 发现；结论 ecological footprint｜生态足迹 quantify｜v. 量化 demand｜n. 需求 ecosystem｜n. 生态系统 global hectare｜全球公顷 author｜n. 作者 shocking｜adj. 令人震惊的 comparison｜n. 比较 citizen｜n. 公民 justify｜v. 证明…正当 genuinely｜adv. 真诚地；由衷地 surprised｜adj. 惊讶的 calculate｜v. 计算 environmental impact｜环境影响 attenuate｜v. 减轻；削弱（=reduce） put forward｜提出 process into｜加工成 company｜n. 陪伴；公司 favour｜v. 偏爱 red meat｜红肉 by-product｜副产品 recycle｜v. 回收利用 abandoned｜adj. 被丢弃的 be buried under the earth｜被埋入地下 carbon footprint｜碳足迹 enrich｜v. 丰富 inspire responsibility｜激发责任感 social awareness｜社会意识 positive health benefit｜有益健康的成效 高频短语词块 • received unkind remarks as to the true origin就其真实来源收到过不友善的评论 • starts a debate about the environmental impact引发一场关于环境影响的辩论 • have a surprisingly high ecological footprint有着惊人的高生态足迹 • a way of quantifying human demand on the planet’s ecosystems一种量化人类对地球生态系统需求的方式 • almost the same as what is needed to run a small car几乎与开一辆小车所需相当 • can people really justify keeping pets…——人们真的能证明养宠物是正当的吗 • ideas they put forward to attenuate this他们提出的减轻这种影响的主张 • catching pests such as field mice捕捉田鼠等害虫 • favour pet foods made from chicken meat偏爱鸡肉制成的宠物食品 • puts up a spirited defence展开有力的辩护 • of sufficient quality for human consumption达到可供人类食用的质量 • recycle animal by-products to sell回收动物副产品出售 • should not be viewed just on their carbon footprint不应仅从碳足迹看待宠物 4.七选五——拯救户外课间休息（遮阳与气候变化） 话题：校园·气候适应·儿童健康（说明文） 核心词汇 save｜v. 挽救；保留 outdoor recess｜户外课间休息 extreme heat｜极端高温 move indoors｜转入室内 day after day｜日复一日 improve grades｜提高成绩 problem-solve｜解决问题 cooperate｜v. 合作 shade｜n. 阴凉；遮光 feel cooler｜感觉更凉快 install｜v. 安装 structure｜n. 构筑物 artificial shade｜人工遮阳 determine｜v. 决定 whether…survive｜能否保留 exposed to direct sunlight｜暴露在阳光下 tree cover｜树木覆盖 put up｜搭建 cost｜v. 花费 thousands of｜数千（美元） nonprofit｜n. 非营利机构 apply for｜申请 funding｜n. 资金 cover the full cost——覆盖全部成本 finance｜v. 资助 government program｜政府项目 adapt to climate change｜适应气候变化 energy efficiency｜能源效率 do not fund the actual changes——不为实际改造出资 emerge｜v. 出现 instruction｜n. 教学；指导 burn off energy｜消耗精力 unstructured play｜非结构化游戏 endure in one’s memory｜长久留在记忆中 高频短语词块 • the first and last weeks of school keep getting hotter开学与期末几周越来越热 • recess might be moved indoors day after day——课间可能不得不日复一日移到室内 • the quickest way to get playgrounds out of direct sunlight让操场避开阳光直射的最快方法 • schools’ ability to install structures that provide artificial shade学校搭建人工遮阳设施的能力 • could determine whether recess survives June, August and September或将决定六月、八月、九月的课间能否保留 • almost entirely exposed to direct sunlight几乎完全暴露在阳光下 • 91 percent of the average schoolyard has zero tree cover——平均校园91%没有树木遮阴 • can take just days to put up搭建只需几天 • won’t cover the full cost of many projects不足以覆盖许多项目的全部费用 • focus on energy efficiency聚焦能源效率 • do not fund the actual changes to buildings不为建筑的实际改造出资 • spend up to a month with indoor recess室内课间甚至长达一个月 • put on dance videos that help children burn off energy——播放帮助孩子消耗精力的舞蹈视频 • can’t replace the type of unstructured play children need无法替代孩子成长所需的非结构化游戏 五、书面表达——美术馆参观（艺术疗愈·摘要写作） 话题：心理健康·审美体验·亲子陪伴（夹叙夹议） 核心词汇 lasting｜adj. 持续的 rainy winter｜多雨的冬天 depression｜n. 抑郁；消沉 escape from｜逃避；摆脱 the winter blues｜冬季忧郁 engage with｜沉浸于；接触 life enhancer｜生活增益 relief｜n. 缓解；慰藉 loneliness｜n. 孤独 frustration｜n. 挫败 pleasure centre｜愉悦中枢 reward｜n. 奖赏 activity｜n. 活动；活跃 go up｜上升 challenging｜adj. 有挑战的 theme｜n. 主题 favourite｜n. 最喜爱之物 comforting｜adj. 令人慰藉的 faint｜adj. 微弱的；淡的 delicate｜adj. 精致的；纤细的 mindfulness｜n. 正念 truly present｜全然临在 slow looking｜慢观（细看） absorb｜v. 吸收；领悟 give…a glance｜瞥一眼 accompanying｜adj. 伴随的 description｜n. 说明文字 informative｜adj. 增长见识的 gather one’s thoughts｜整理思绪 company｜n. 陪伴 form｜n. 形式 widen in curiosity｜因好奇而睁大 perception｜n. 感知；看法 personal｜adj. 个人的；主观的 precious｜adj. 珍贵的 高频短语词块 • a season that feels heavy with depression一个令人倍感压抑的季节 • a way to escape from the winter blues一种摆脱冬季忧郁的方式 • a relief from loneliness, sadness and frustration——对孤独、悲伤与挫败感的慰藉 • activity in the pleasure and reward centres of the brain goes up大脑愉悦与奖赏中枢活跃度上升 • take on challenging new themes——接触有挑战的新主题 • return to the comfort of my favourites回到我所喜爱之作的慰藉中 • the closest I get to being truly present我离全然临在最近的时刻 • taking time to really absorb an artwork rather than giving it a glance花时间真正领悟一件作品而非匆匆一瞥 • reading the accompanying description阅读旁边的说明文字 • gather my thoughts——整理我的思绪 • the company of form, colour, material形式、色彩与材质相伴 • that we all see these things in a different way我们看待这些事物的方式各不相同 • remembering that perception is personal——记住感知是主观的 六、翻译与书信写作——表达素材与高分句型 【话题】话题：运动·休闲·敢于尝试（翻译 52-55 与征文写作） 核心词汇 cloth｜n. 布料 lightweight｜adj. 轻薄的 quick-dry｜adj. 速干的 sportswear｜n. 运动装 swallow｜v. 吞咽；吞吞吐吐 in a sense｜从某种意义上说 decline｜v. 婉拒 invitation｜n. 邀请 fruit-picking｜水果采摘 relax body and mind｜让身心放松 sales volume｜销量 two-thirds｜三分之二 kill two birds with one stone｜一举两得 under pressure｜在压力之下 talented｜adj. 有天赋的 athlete｜n. 运动员 stable performance｜稳定发挥 deliver a steady performance——稳定发挥 win gold／win glory for the country｜摘金夺银／为国争光 get one’s feet wet｜初试身手；亲身尝试 be afraid of｜害怕 step out of the comfort zone｜走出舒适区 take risks｜冒险 give it a try｜试一试 高频短语词块 • This cloth is thin and quick-drying, ideal for sportswear.这块布料轻薄速干，最适合做运动装 • He stammered in his reply, which was in a sense an equal refusal of your invitation.他回答得吞吞吐吐，某种意义上就是婉拒 • Fruit-picking relaxes visitors physically and mentally and helps growers boost sales by at least two-thirds.采摘让游客身心放松，也帮果农增加至少三分之二销量 • However great the pressure is, this talented athlete can deliver a steady performance.无论压力多大，这位天才运动员都能稳定发挥 • Don’t be afraid to get your feet wet if you want to learn how to swim.想学会游泳，就别怕下水（敢于尝试） • Only by stepping out of the comfort zone can we truly grow.只有走出舒适区我们才能真正成长（倒装） 【二、长难句破局】 长难句拆解核心四步法 1. 找动词： 快速扫描句子，找出所有谓语动词，确定句子数量。 2. 找连词和从句： 识别 that, which, although, when 等引导词，划分主句和从句。 3. 找修饰： 找出介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词短语等修饰成分，明确其修饰对象。 4. 提主干： 剥离所有修饰成分，留下“主语+谓语+宾语/表语”的核心骨架，理解句意。 1.One of the UK’s green targets is to cover 0.4% of its land in solar panels by the end of the decade — less than the area covered by golf courses, known for their high water usage and chemical-intensive maintenance practices. 【主干】One of the UK’s green targets is to cover 0.4% of its land 【解析】主系表结构，破折号后为补充说明；"known for…"过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 golf courses。 【翻译】英国一项环保目标是到本十年末用太阳能板覆盖全国0.4%的土地——比高尔夫球场占地还少，而球场以高耗水和化学药剂密集养护著称。 2. She knew that picking up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. 【主干】She knew that.. 【解析】but 连接两个并列分句；that 引导宾语从句；动名词短语 picking up…／leaving it…分别作从句主语。 【翻译】她知道捡起这只动物可能弊大于利，但把它留在那里也可能招致同样糟糕的结果。 3.Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them to coexist peacefully. 【主干】Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries 【解析】主句＋which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面整件事。 【翻译】道尔顿和野兔学会了尊重彼此的边界，这让它们得以和平共处。 4. Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery; they can, according to a recent study by a University of Cambridge team, host more birds than nearby arable fields. 【主干】Sheep can be raised...and solar farms can help with nature recovery 【解析】分号连接两个并列句；后半句插入语 according to…，含比较结构 more…than…。 【翻译】绵羊可以养在电池板行之间，光伏电站也有助于自然恢复；据剑桥大学团队最新研究，它们能容纳的鸟类比附近耕地更多。 5.Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise to create something greater than the sum of its parts. 【主干】scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise 【解析】句首 like 引出类比，where 引导定语从句修饰 band；动词不定式 to create…作目的状语。 【翻译】就像一支每种乐器各司其职的乐队，来自不同背景的科学家协调各自的专长，创造出大于各部分之和的成果。 6.Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might otherwise remain difficult to achieve. 【主干】 improvements emerge 【解析】that 引导定语从句修饰 improvements（被谓语分隔）；otherwise（否则）是关键逻辑副词。 【翻译】通过合作，一些原本可能仍然难以实现的改进得以出现。 7.Without precautions, disturbing the structure could have ruined the cave’s delicate ecosystem. 【主干】disturbing the structure could have ruined the cave’s delicate ecosystem. 【解析】without 隐含虚拟语气；"could have done"表对过去的虚拟；动名词 disturbing the structure 作主语。 【翻译】如果没有预防措施，扰动该结构本可能毁掉洞穴脆弱的生态系统。 8. Postlethwaite was part of a new group of researchers who were trying to analyze a soft subject in a hard way, much like a physicist might study education if he could. 【主干】Postlethwaite was part of a new group 【解析】who 引导定语从句修饰 researchers；much like… 引出类比，if he could 为省略虚拟条件句。 【翻译】波斯特斯威特是新一批研究者中的一员，他们试图用硬科学的方式分析一门软学科，就像一个物理学家若能如此便会研究教育那样。 9. He started imagining what might happen if one really could compare what kids knew around the world, while controlling for factors like race or poverty. 【主干】He started imagining 【解析】imagining 后接 what 引导的宾语从句，从句内含 if 条件句和 what kids knew 名词性从句；while doing 作伴随状语。 【翻译】他开始设想，如果真能在比较全世界孩子所知时控制种族、贫困等因素，会发生什么。 10. Adopting a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement, it empowers schools to adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness. 【主干】it empowers schools to adopt AI 【解析】句首现在分词短语作状语；主语 it；while prioritizing…为省略主语的分词状语。 【翻译】通过采用探索与改进的持续循环，它赋能学校负责任地使用 AI，同时把学生安全与面向未来的准备放在首位。 11.The New Scientist magazine largely agreed with the book’s findings that some pets, due to the food they eat, have a surprisingly high ecological footprint. 【主干】The New Scientist magazine largely agreed with the book’s findings 【解析】that 引导同位语从句解释 findings；中间插入 due to…原因状语；they eat 为省略 that 的定语从句修饰 food。 【翻译】《新科学家》杂志大体认同该书的结论：一些宠物由于其吃的食物，竟有着异常高的生态足迹。 12. The eco-footprint of a cat is about 0.15 hectares, almost the same as what is needed to run a small car. 【主干】 The eco-footprint of a cat is about 0.15 hectares, 【解析】名词性短语 almost the same as…作补充说明；what 引导名词性从句作介词 as 的宾语。 【翻译】一只猫的生态足迹约为0.15公顷，几乎与开一辆小车所需的相当。 13.Unless more resources emerge to support shade construction, school districts will spend up to a month with indoor recess. 【主干】school districts will spend up to a month 【解析】unless 引导条件状语从句（除非）；主句用一般将来时；up to a month 表程度上限。 【翻译】除非有更多资金涌现来支持遮阳设施建设，各学区否则可能不得不进行长达一个月的室内课间。 14.Part of this is down to “slow looking”, the practice of taking time to really absorb an artwork rather than giving it a glance, reading the accompanying description and moving on. 【主干】Part of this is down to “slow looking”, 【解析】the practice of…为 slow looking 的同位语；rather than 连接对比动作；of 后并列多个动名词 taking/reading/moving on。 【翻译】其中一部分要归功于"慢观"——即花时间真正领悟一件作品，而非匆匆一瞥、读读说明便转身离去。 15.It was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. 【主干】not to see admirable human qualities 【解析】it 作形式主语，真正主语为 not to see…；冒号后名词并列，among them 为后置修饰。 【翻译】道尔顿很难不在她这位毛茸茸的室友身上看到令人钦佩的人性品质：耐心、尊严、镇定与力量等。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $