Unit 4 Body Language Words and expressions 单词讲解 课件-2026-2027学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册

Words and Expressions Unit4 Body Language 1. vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变 【教材原句】Just like spoken language， body language varies from culture to culture. 不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。 （1）vary from ...to ...　　　　　　　由……到……不等 vary in ... 在……（大小、形状等）上不同 vary from place to place　　因地而异 vary from person to person 因人而异 （2）various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的 （3）variety n. 不同种类；多样化 a variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的 【用法总结】 【佳句赏析】　①When we discuss something about class activities， opinions often vary from person to person. 当我们讨论课堂活动时，意见往往因人而异。 ②According to the report， medical treatment varies greatly from state to state. 根据这份报告，各州的医疗情况差异很大。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①As in China， the climate in Canada （vary）， depending on the area. ②Our Spoken English Club regularly organises （vary） meaningful activities， encouraging us to speak English. varies　 various　 　一句多译 ③如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐 和园不等。 →If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange ⁠ activities， ⁠ visiting the Summer Palace.（定语从句） →If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange ⁠ activities， ⁠ visiting the Summer Palace.（分词短语作状语） a variety of/varieties of/various　 which vary from climbing the Great Wall to　 a variety of/varieties of/various　 varying from climbing the Great Wall to　 2. appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 【教材原句】　The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。 【用法总结】 （1）be appropriate to/for　　　适用于；合乎 be appropriate to do sth 做某事是合适的 （2）appropriately adv. 合适地；恰当地 【佳句赏析】　Dress neatly and attractively in an outfit appropriate to the job. 整洁美观的着装适合于这份工作。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①It is appropriate that we （start） a campaign to protect our environment. ②It’s necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act （appropriate） towards other people. （should） start　 appropriately　 3. approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过 【教材原句】　In other countries， by contrast， eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【用法总结】 （1）approve sth　　　　批准/通过某事 approve of （sb/one’s） doing sth 赞成/同意（某人）做某事 （2）approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；通过 approving adj. 赞许的；许可的 approvingly adv. 赞许地；满意地 【佳句赏析】　①I approve of your trying to earn some money， but please don’t neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱， 但是请不要误了功课。 ②It is just three months since we received official approval to go ahead with the project. 三个月前我们刚刚得到正式批准进行这个项目。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①When he （approve） as a volunteer on the farm， he felt very satisfied. was approved　 ②My father nodded and gave his ⁠ to my decision to go to the farm again.（approve） 　完成句子 ③父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当 看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。 The father ⁠ a Mother’s Day breakfast and offered to help them. When seeing the breakfast， the delighted mother ⁠. approvingly　 approval　 approved of the twins preparing　 gave the twins an approving look　 approve, agree, accept 析 辨 approve 指“批准 / 正式通过（计划；建议等）”，侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示“赞同”或“批准”。作不及物动词时意为“赞成”“同意”，常与of连用。 • Our village committee approved the plan of putting off the sports meeting due to the bad weather. agree 指多方面达成一致意见,暗含先有分歧,经协商或讨论后取得共识。 • My father agreed to buy a bike for me as a birthday present. accept 指同意、接受、认可。 • He accepted our suggestion. 4. witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人 【教材原句】　In Japan， someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，一个人看到 另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。 【用法总结】 （1）witness sth　　　　　　目击/目睹某事 witness to sth/doing sth 证明（做）某事 （2）时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth 某时/某地见证了某事 （3）be （a） witness to sth 目击/看见某事发生 【佳句赏析】　We were witnessing the most important scientific development of the century. 我们亲眼目睹本世纪最重要的科学进展。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①The last ten years （witness） great progress in space and sea exploration in our country. ②We couldn’t contain our excitement， anxious ⁠ （witness） the final surprise. have witnessed　 to witness　 ③你在比赛中的成功是你努力的见证。 Your success in the competition is ⁠. （祝贺信） a witness to your hard work　 5. differ vi.相异；不同于 【教材原句】　Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. 甚至连用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不尽相同。 【用法总结】 （1）differ from ...in ...与……在……方面不同 （2）be different from ...（in ...）与……（在……方面）不同 （3）make a difference 有影响；很重要 ①The person I respect most is my headteacher who （differ） from other teachers in teaching. ②It is how you improve yourself that makes a （differ） to your life in the future. differs　 difference　 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 6. favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同 【教材原句】　Elsewhere， people favour shaking hands， bowing from the waist， or nodding the head when they meet someone else.在其 他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 【用法总结】 in favour of　　　　　　支持，赞同 in sb’s favour 对某人有利 do sb a favour 帮某人个忙 ask sb a favour 请某人帮个忙 【佳句赏析】　I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play. （求助信） 我想知道您是否能帮我一个忙，指导我们修改一部短剧。 【即学即练】　完成句子 ①当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。 He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren’t ⁠ . （读后续写之情绪描写） ②毋庸置疑，机遇往往垂青那些有准备的人。 Undoubtedly， opportunities ⁠ who are ready/prepared. （读后续写之主旨升华） in favour of his opinion　 tend to favour those　 7. break down 消除；分解；打破；（谈判）失败；（身体）垮掉； 发生故障 【教材原句】　A smile can break down barriers.微笑可以打破隔阂。 【用法总结】 break into　　　　破门而入；闯入 break out （战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生 break up 结束；破裂 break through 突破 break away from 挣脱；摆脱（束缚或控制） 【佳句赏析】　①If you want to break down the misunderstanding， you should apologise to her face to face. 如果你想消除误会，就应该当面向她道歉。 ②The prisoner broke away from his guards. 囚犯从看守者手中逃脱了。 【即学即练】 语境辨义 ①Your health will break down if you always stay up late. ⁠ （身体）垮掉　 ②It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing. ⁠ ⁠ ③Plastic bags are difficult to break down. ⁠ ④她正努力改掉这个坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。 She is trying ， which makes her parents happy. 发生 故障　 （化学）分解　 to break away from the bad habit　 8. anger n.愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒 【教材原句】　Smiles can be used to hide feelings like anger， fear， or worry. 微笑可以用来掩盖一些情绪，诸如生气、恐惧或担忧。 （1）in anger＝angrily　　　生气地 hold back/contain one’s anger 抑制某人的怒火 be filled with anger＝be full of anger 充满怒气 control one’s anger 控制某人的愤怒 （2）be angry with 对……生气 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①The man was filled with （angry） when he found he had been cheated. anger　 【用法总结】 ② What （anger） me was that my son was employed in/employed himself in playing computer games every day. ③“Don’t do that！ Or I will be angry！” The woman shouted （angry）. angered　 angrily　 9. reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 【教材原句】　Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings， their body language or the words they speak？什么 可以更可靠地帮助我们了解人们的情感，身体语言还是口头语言？ 【用法总结】 （1）　　依靠，依赖 rely on it that ... 相信/依赖…… （2）reliably adv. 可靠地；确实地 【佳句赏析】　Don’t believe whatever you read. You need to gather information from reliable sources. 不要相信你读到的任何东西，你需要从可靠的来源收集信息。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①We are looking for someone who is （rely） and hard- working. reliable　 ②你可以相信当你在困难时我会帮助你。 →You can ⁠ when you are in trouble. →You can ⁠ when you are in trouble. →You can ⁠ when you are in trouble. rely on me to help you　 rely on it that I will help you　 rely on my helping you　 　一句多译 10. lack v.没有；缺乏n.缺乏；短缺的东西 【教材原句】　His lack of eye contact when talking with people shows that he lacks confidence. 他与人交谈时缺乏眼神交流表明他缺乏自信。 （1）for lack of ...　　　　　因缺乏…… a lack of ... 缺乏…… （2）lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in ... 缺少…… 【用法总结】 【佳句赏析】　①Though Jack lacked experience， he made up for it with enthusiasm.虽然杰克缺乏经验，但是他以满腔的热情来弥补这一不足。 ②Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。 ①Though （lack） money， his parents managed to send him to a university. 　一句多译 ②由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。 → ， we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.（介词短语作状语） → ， we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.（动词-ing短语作状语） lacking　 For lack of enough training　 Lacking enough training　 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 11. call on （短暂地）访问，拜访；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请；号召 【教材原句】　We intended to visit the theme park but ended up calling on Professor Zhang. 我们原打算参观主题公园，但最后却拜访了张教授。 call at　　（火车等）停靠；拜访（某地） call back 回电话；收回 call for 需要；要求；接（人或物） call off 取消 call up 给……打电话；使……想起 call out 召集；出动；大声叫唤 call in 叫……来（帮忙） 【用法总结】 【佳句赏析】　①If necessary， I will call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficulty.如果有必要的话，我 会号召我的同学们向你捐赠， 以帮助你渡过难关。 ②The present situation calls for prompt action. 目前的形势所迫，必须立即采取行动。 【即学即练】　用call的相关短语填空 ①The game was ⁠ because of the bad weather. ②The old picture ⁠ memories of his childhood. ③The problem is that this kind of work ⁠ a lot of patience. called off　 called up　 calls for　 　完成句子 ④在地球日的前一周，学校里贴满了海报，号召我们保护环境。 A week before Earth Day， posters were put up around our school， ⁠. calling on us to protect our environment　 12. in other words 换句话说；也就是说 【用法总结】 in a word　　　总之；简言之 keep one’s word 遵守诺言 break one’s word 失信；不守诺言 have a word with ... 与……谈谈 have words with ... 与……争吵 word comes/came that ... 有消息说…… 【佳句赏析】　He has achieved his aim.In other words， his ambition has come true. 他已经实现了他的目标。也就是说，他的梦想实现了。 【即学即练】　用word的相关短语填空 ① ， my life will be much richer and more colourful. ②Once you have made a promise， you should ， or no one will trust you. ③He has ⁠ so many times that I cannot trust him any more. In a word　 keep your word　 broken his word　 13. stare vi.盯着看；凝视n.凝视 【教材原句】　With their chins on their hands， they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们双手托着下巴，全 神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。 【用法总结】 stare at　　凝视；盯着看 stare sb up and down 上下打量某人 stare sb in the face 盯着某人的脸看 【佳句赏析】　He gave me a long stare but didn’t answer my question. 他盯着我看了很久，但没有回答我的问题。 【即学即练】　完成句子 ①她上下打量着我，好像不认识我似的。 She ⁠ as if she didn’t know me. ②在公共场合盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。 ⁠ strangers in public. stared me up and down　 It is bad manners to stare at　 14. distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别 【教材原句】　While it is easy to perceive when students are interested， bored， or distracted， it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴 趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有 困扰有时会难得多。 （1）distinguish between A and B 区分A和B distinguish ...from ...　　把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself （as ...） （作为……）而出名 （2）distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for ...　因……而出名 be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名 【用法总结】 【佳句赏析】　Mount Tai is distinguished for its beautiful sights as well as rich culture， attracting visitors all over the world.泰山以其美丽的景色 和丰富的文化而闻名，吸引着世界各地的游客。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①As far as we all know， she has already distinguished ⁠ （she） as a great volleyball coach in the world. ②It’s my pleasure to introduce Chinese painting to our ⁠ （distinguish） guests. herself　 distinguished　 　完成句子 ③阅读好书既能充实我们的思想又能教我们分辨是非。 Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to ⁠. distinguish between right and wrong　 15. embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的 【教材原句】　They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. 他们也会双手捂脸，一副尴尬或羞愧的样子。 【用法总结】 （1）be/feel embarrassed about/at ... 对……感到难为情/不知所措 （2）embarrassment n.　　　尴尬，难为情 to one’s embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是 （3）embarrass vt. 使难堪，使尴尬 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 【佳句赏析】　Embarrassed and ashamed，she opened her mouth with her eyes widening and face turning red.（读后续写之心理描写） 既尴尬又羞愧，她张开嘴巴，睁大眼睛，脸涨得通红。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①The wife stood there with （embarrass）， feeling the blood rushing to her face. ②The ⁠ look on his face suggested he was in an situation.（embarrass） embarrassment　 embarrassed　 embarrassing　 　一句多译 ③令我尴尬的是，我的头卡在大南瓜里了。 → ，my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin. （embarrassment） → ⁠ was that my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.（what引导主语从句） To my embarrassment　 What embarrassed me/What made me embarrassed　 16. ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 【用法总结】 （1）be ashamed of ...　　为……而感到羞耻 be ashamed to do sth 羞于/耻于做某事 be ashamed that ... 对……感到羞愧 （2）shame n.　　　　　　羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事 It’s a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾。 What a shame/pity！ 真遗憾！ 【佳句赏析】　Her head was hanging gently，and tears of shame were shining from the corners of her eyes. （读后续写之神态描写） 她的头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着羞愧的泪光。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①I feel （shame） of myself for having done many things that harm the environment. ②She was ashamed （tell） her mother that she had failed again. ashamed　 to tell　 　完成句子 ③我既羞愧又沮丧，心如刀绞一般，泪水模糊了我的双眼。 ，I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and tears blurred my eyes. （读后续写之心理描写） Ashamed and frustrated　 17. bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心n.麻烦；不便 【教材原句】　However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping， then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. 然而，如果一个学生懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能推 断出她在学习上遇到了更严重的问题。 bother sb with sth　 　为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother doing/to do sth 费心做某事 It bothers sb to do sth/that ... 使某人苦恼的是…… 【用法总结】 【佳句赏析】　①I am terribly sorry to bother you with such small things. 为一些如此小的事麻烦你，我真抱歉。 ②The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 那问题已经困扰了我几个星期。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①I didn’t want to bother her ⁠ work matters on her day off. ②Why bother （go） to Italy and Denmark， when there are so many appealing places here？ with　 to go/going　 ③我确实需要你的宝贵建议，希望不会给你带来太大的麻烦。 I do need your valuable suggestions， hoping it ⁠. won’t bother you much 18. adjust vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；（使）习惯 【教材原句】　Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities， when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually， so they can all get the most out of school. 他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学 生单独谈话，从而让他们在学校收获最大。 （1）adjust （oneself） to （doing） sth　 （使某人）适应（做）某事 （2）adjustment n. 调整；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments （to sth） （对某事）做出调整 （3）adjustable adj. 可调节的 【用法总结】 【佳句赏析】　As for how to adjust yourself to the new school life here quickly， I’d like to give you some advice. 关于如何使你自己快速适应这里的新学校生活，我想给你一些建议。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①The height of the bicycle seat is （adjust）. ②Some schools will make （adjust） in agreement with the national soccer reform. adjustable　 adjustments　 ③作为一名交换生，我花了很长时间去适应新环境。 As an exchange student， ⁠ . （告知信） it took me a long time to adjust to/adjust myself to the new surroundings　 Thanks！ $