考前押题02 完形填空5大常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期沪外版

考前押题02 完形填空5大常考话题 话题1 科普知识（难点） 话题2 社会问题与社会现象（常考点） 话题3 人工智能 话题4 人与环境（难点） 话题5 职业 1. 首句必读，抓主旨 完形第一句一般不挖空，读懂首句快速知道：文章讲什么、人物、感情基调（褒 / 贬）。 不要上来就边读边选！ 2. 通读全文，先易后难 先快速读一遍，把一眼能确定的空填上；纠结的空先跳过，后文大多有提示。 3. 复读验证，逻辑通顺 全部选完，完整读一遍，检查：逻辑、时态、搭配、感情色彩是否一致。 话题1 科普知识（共7篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海嘉定一中、晋元高级中学・期中） How to Enhance Humans Bryan Johnson wants to live forever. The American businessman takes around a hundred pills a day, never eats after 11 a.m., and closely monitors dozens of his body’s 1 . His goal, he says, is not merely to extend his life but to overcome death 2 . Strange though he seems, Mr. Johnson is part of a growing movement that views the human body as hardware to be enhanced, upgraded, and optimized. 3 “human enhancement,” he and others, including Peter Thiel and Elon Musk, are exploring life-extension drugs, brain implants, and techniques designed to sharpen both mind and body. It would be easy to 4 this pursuit as fanciful, full of dreamers and echoes of controversial science. Yet human enhancement is not entirely 5 . Medicine has long focused on restoring health; why not also strengthen the 6 ? The key challenge is to encourage serious research while 7 unsafe or unreliable practices. Those who desire to become superhuman have many 8 . Some are familiar: a diabetes drug called metformin that appears to extend life in mice, though its effect on humans remains 9 . Other substances, like energy boosters or hormones, are said to improve cognition or physical performance. Supplements that 10 cell repair may also help slow aging. 11 biohackers can go even further. In some places with fewer regulations, people experiment with genes that may promote muscle growth or delay aging. Brain-computer interfaces link the brain directly to machines; Neuralink has enabled disabled patients to control devices with remarkable 12 . Musk argues that only humans who can achieve “ 13 with artificial intelligence” will remain relevant in a world of intelligent machines. Human enhancement faces challenges. It combines genuine science with risky methods, which can 14 investment and slow progress. Governments could support the field by allowing controlled trials and updating regulations that currently focus only on treating illness. Done safely, the potential benefits are enormous: people could live longer, healthier, and more capable lives. 15 , ethical concerns remain, including unfair advantages for the wealthy. 1．A．biomarkers B．displays C．structures D．courses 2．A．medically B．diligently C．entirely D．relatively 3．A．In honour of B．On account of C．In the name of D．At the risk of 4．A．celebrate B．dismiss C．embrace D．address 5．A．unrealistic B．innovative C．feasible D．temporary 6．A．elderly B．lively C．wealthy D．healthy 7．A．advocating B．overtaking C．integrating D．eliminating 8．A．issues B．options C．causes D．demands 9．A．personal B．unconfirmed C．obvious D．inevitable 10．A．speed up B．hold back C．take over D．cut off 11．A．Intelligent B．Rebellious C．Adventurous D．Selfless 12．A．automation B．precision C．movements D．instincts 13．A．consistency B．agreement C．compromise D．interaction 14．A．interrupt B．guarantee C．discourage D．regulate 15．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Thus D．Still Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海徐汇上海中学・期中） The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 16 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 17 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 18 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 19 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 20 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 21 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 22 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 23 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 24 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 25 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 26 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 27 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 28 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 29 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 30 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 16．A．instead B．therefore C．meanwhile D．besides 17．A．guides B．conclusions C．rewards D．theories 18．A．predicted B．interpreted C．encountered D．ignored 19．A．improved B．confirmed C．frustrated D．simplified 20．A．Especially B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Moreover 21．A．success B．approach C．failure D．achievement 22．A．prediction B．observation C．intuition D．imagination 23．A．invitation B．obligation C．limitation D．repetition 24．A．policy B．education C．funding D．publication 25．A．accuracy B．curiosity C．frame D．agreement 26．A．avoid B．fear C．embrace D．document 27．A．discipline B．flexibility C．stability D．certainty 28．A．temporarily B．accidentally C．fundamentally D．typically 29．A．conceptual B．physical C．emotional D．creative 30．A．optional B．essential C．terminal D．symbolic Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海吴淞中学・期中） Stay out of the Sun to Look Young Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked-up to 20 years younger than they actually are. However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 31 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 32 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 33 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US — commissioned by skincare firm Olay — guessed how old the women were, they found those who 34 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 35 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were. Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 36 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth, and the body is “pretty good” at judging how much we need. Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 37 conclusion. Experts there said: “Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.” It isn’t clear why the women who 38 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 39 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns. A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more aging than 40 intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 41 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 42 and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 43 that a cell is “tired out” and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday. Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 44 to develop its latest face creams, said: “This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 45 basis.” 31．A．add to B．benefit from C．depend on D．hold back 32．A．mistake B．proposal C．difference D．comment 33．A．finding B．suggestion C．prospect D．possibility 34．A．cheered up B．were exposed C．made trouble D．took care 35．A．age B．trouble C．scenic D．weak 36．A．faulty B．popular C．helpful D．conflicting 37．A．better B．similar C．false D．satisfactory 38．A．ate B．exercised C．acted D．slept 39．A．hard B．apparent C．narrow D．serious 40．A．occasional B．limited C．potential D．initial 41．A．good B．damage C．treatment D．miracle 42．A．beauty B．water C．skin D．sun 43．A．trend B．possibility C．sign D．chance 44．A．product B．research C．approach D．sample 45．A．temporary B．personal C．daily D．strict Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） Reams of papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism. Beyond the 46 doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to improve “executive function”, a loose concept that includes the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs as new information arrives. Most striking, numerous studies have even shown that bilinguals undergo a later onset of dementia, perhaps of around four years, on average. But some of these studies have failed to 47 , leaving experts wondering whether the effect is real, and if so, what exactly it consists of. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language, if you want your brain to 48 . A study from 2019 showed that although a moderate amount of language learning in adults does not boost things like executive function, it does mitigate age-related decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who 49 their second languages fully. That in turn is usually because they speak the two as natives, or at least have spoken them on a near-daily basis for a long time. A bit of university French does not, unfortunately, convey the same advantages as deep knowledge and long experience. Switching languages 50 in the course of a day may be particularly important. Studies of interpreters and translators have provided some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage. But elsewhere is “a forest of confusing 51 ”, says Mark Antoniou of Western Sydney University. Bilinguals are not like monolinguals in lots of ways. The child of ambassadors, raised in a foreign language abroad, may have cognitive and educational advantages that have nothing to do with bilingualism. At the other end of the 52 ladder, though, studies have found striking evidence that in poorer parts of the world multilingual people show the strongest advantages from speaking several languages. Where schooling is scarce, researchers suppose that bilingualism exercises children’s brains in a way that their schooling may not. 53 plays a role, too. Studies suggest that the effects of languages on the brain are stronger for young children and the old than they are for young adults. Bilingual tots seem to 54 in cognitive development in the early years, but their monolingual classmates may catch up with them later. One meta-analysis on the topic revealed that 25 studies out of 45 found a bilingual advantage in children younger than six, while only 17 found them in children aged 6-12. But all these studies take for granted the uncontroversial mental superpower that you get from language study: being able to talk to people you could not have spoken to, or understood, otherwise. Even if you cannot pick your parents and be 55 from infancy, that should be more than enough reason to give it a go. 46．A．conversational B．personal C．professional D．intellectual 47．A．challenge B．approve C．replicate D．handle 48．A．function B．benefit C．recover D．conduct 49．A．understand B．admire C．translate D．master 50．A．frequently B．easily C．occasionally D．selectively 51．A．theories B．assumptions C．contrasts D．variables 52．A．cultural B．socioeconomic C．educational D．geographic 53．A．Intelligence B．Personality C．Age D．Genetics 54．A．dominate B．struggle C．engage D．outperform 55．A．fluent B．mature C．demanding D．flexible Passage 5 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） Many people learn at an early age to associate the color red with danger. So might it make sense to print medication   56 in red ink? And since the color blue is known to call to mind the freedom of open skies, might it help artists to   57 in a studio painted in that color? According to new research into how the brain reacts to 58 , the answer to both of these questions is yes. The study revealed that the color red seems to improve a subject’s attention to 59 , while blue appears to stimulate creativity—all without the subject realizing that his or her brain is being influenced. “People are not 60 this effect at all,” marveled the study’s lead researcher Juliet Zhu, who studies the effects of environmental cues on behavior. To study the brain’s response to specific colors, Zhu’s team administered a series of   61 tests to college students. For most of the tests, the students were placed in front of a computer screen that was colored either red or blue. The researchers found that when the screen was red, subjects performed better on detail-oriented tasks. In one test,   62 , students were asked to memorize a list of words. Zhu found that students who studied the list displayed on a red screen were able to recall more words than students who studied the list on a 63 screen. In other tests, creative abilities seemed to be 64 by looking at the color blue. For instance, the students were asked to brainstorm potential uses for bricks. Students sitting in front of blue screens tended to come up with ideas that were   65 , such as “make a paperweight” and “build a pet scratching post.” Students sitting in front of a red screen, on the other hand, were more likely to list 66 uses for bricks, such as “build a house.” Researchers concluded from the tests that seeing red causes people to take the extra time to think 67 when performing detail-oriented tasks, such as 68 , proofreading— and, of course, reading those all-important warning labels. 69 most people learn early in their development that red signifies potential danger, Zhu said, seeing red perhaps helps people to slow down in order to perform at their best in a potentially risky situation. Seeing blue, on the other hand, produces images of the sky, freedom and peace. Perhaps these images, researchers supposed, 70 feelings. “It’s really this learned association with these colors that drives these different motivations,” Zhu said. 56．A．instructions B．symptoms C．warnings D．treatments 57．A．create B．relax C．decorate D．design 58．A．skies B．medication C．colors D．paint 59．A．danger B．detail C．emotions D．vigor 60．A．distracted by B．aware of C．content with D．curious about 61．A．cognitive B．intelligence C．mental D．memory 62．A．on one hand B．at the same time C．for example D．that is 63．A．grey B．blue C．green D．white 64．A．proven B．acquired C．recognized D．enhanced 65．A．more abstract B．more positive C．more innovative D．more valuable 66．A．practical B．academic C．economical D．profitable 67．A．critically B．logically C．carefully D．independently 68．A．painting B．memorizing C．designing D．brainstorming 69．A．Unless B．When C．Since D．Though 70．A．turn up B．stir up C．set off D．give off Passage 6 （2526 高二上・上海大同中学・期中） We sort ourselves into introverts and extroverts, but the truth is that personality is more plastic than you think, says Claudia. There is a belief in modern therapy culture saying that you shouldn’t try to change — you are perfectly imperfect, and that the right people will accommodate your every unique characteristic. Relatedly, personality has 71 been defined as a pretty stable collection of characteristics. Indeed, you might believe you are controlled by the genetic hand you were dealt at birth when it comes to things like how agreeable or conscientious you are. However, there is plenty of evidence that our personalities are more flexible than we believed, fueling fascination with the 72 of personality change to improve our lives. For example, a 2024 study found that three months of digital coaching reliably 73 personalities like emotional stability and conscientiousness. Other characteristics provide further support for the flexibility of personality. Most people will label themselves 74 as extroverts or introverts. But Carl Jung, who coined these terms, said they are a spectrum (范围) and that there is no such thing as a “ 75 ” introvert or extrovert. Some of us may be more likely to enjoy the role of chief party entertainer, while others tend to prefer 76 responding to their surroundings. However, these preferences are 77 . Who you are on a cold winter Wednesday is likely to be different to who you are on a sunny Saturday. Whatever your 78 , staying socially connected is crucial for well-being. Acting a bit extroverted helps you deal with stress’s physical effects, like higher blood pressure or heart rate. The Harvard Study of Adult Development, an 80-year project tracking the lives of about 700 men in order to understand the core 79 of a happy and healthy life, found that nothing matters more than good social relationships. Even if you regard yourself as a (n) 80 introvert, embracing a more social approach may be easier than you think. Indeed, research from 2022 shows that it is the strength of someone’s 81 as an introvert, more than how highly they score on personalities of introversion, that makes them uncomfortable when asked to act more outgoing. This indicates that a more 82 attitude towards self-image can help to drive deliberate change. Already highly extroverted? Perhaps you would benefit from working to boost your capacity for reflection, a characteristic often found in those who lean towards a quieter life. 83 , enhancing other characteristics linked with well-being-like good emotional regulation or becoming more 84 to new experiences has repeatedly been shown to be possible. Challenging the idea of 85 personality types could make us all happier. But first, you might need to accept a painful truth: maybe trying to change isn’t such a bad idea. 71．A．precisely B．conventionally C．rigidly D．formally 72．A．craft B．core C．creativity D．code 73．A．determined B．increased C．weakened D．managed 74．A．automatically B．effortlessly C．exclusively D．specifically 75．A．reliable B．quick C．pure D．common 76．A．quietly B．actively C．closely D．unnecessarily 77．A．stable B．changeable C．strong D．personal 78．A．limitations B．habits C．symptoms D．tendencies 79．A．meanings B．goals C．drawbacks D．components 80．A．transformed B．confirmed C．devoted D．reversed 81．A．emphasis B．observation C．attitude D．identity 82．A．relaxed B．formal C．positive D．reliable 83．A．Generally B．Additionally C．Consequently D．Similarly 84．A．open B．indifferent C．grateful D．subject 85．A．individual B．fascinating C．fixed D．changeable Passage 7 （2526 高二上・上海华东师大附属东昌中学・期中） Today, dreams are the subject of frequent scientific study and the Internet is full of pages where you can find common dreams interpreted, but the truth is that we still don’t really know why we dream. 86 , research has been able to show that our dreams have some similar characteristics. In a study by the American psychiatrist and dream researcher J. Allan Hobson, some 87 dream characteristics were identified. He found that dreams often involve strong emotions and unusual sensations such as falling. He discovered that they are 88 and mix up time, people and places but are accepted by the dreaming mind no matter how strange they are. 89 — and this won’t come as a surprise to anybody — he saw that dreams are quickly forgotten by most people. In another study by the American psychologist Calvin S. Hall which was carried out during a forty - year period over 500,000 dream 90 from children, university students and adults from all around the world were collected. The 91 were asked to write dream diaries as soon as they woke up, some of which were completed over decades. Then Hall was able to draw some interesting conclusions about dreams. In the first place, people from very 92 places around the world generally have similar dream experiences. The most frequently experienced emotion in dreams was anxiety, and negative feelings were more common in dreams than positive ones. However, when it came to extremely strong emotions, there were sharp differences, with 50% of American men experiencing aggression in dreams 93 only 32% of Dutchmen. Hall also 94 that the world tends to dream about the same things. Situations related to school, work and family life were frequent as were 95 experiences such as falling, being chased, not being able to move and having your teeth pulled out. Other 96 dreams included falling in love with people you hardly know, embarrassing moments and arriving late for events. However, while Hall found that we dream about the same things, he also came to the conclusion that what we dream about is greatly influenced by what is going on in our 97 lives. Personal recent experiences were often woven into people’s dreams and after analyzing the diaries recorded over years, Hall found that the changes in the content of people’s dreams 98 the changes that occurred when they were wide awake. So while the scientific world is still unsure about the 99 of dreams, a large body of research has managed to remove some of the mysteries. It seems that most of us are having very similar nocturnal (夜间发生的) experiences, but despite that people around the world will continue to find a wider range of 100 of them. 86．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．Likewise D．However 87．A．valuable B．unique C．common D．unusual 88．A．embarrassing B．reasonable C．illogical D．frequent 89．A．Finally B．Additionally C．Consequently D．Strangely 90．A．waves B．reports C．studies D．experiences 91．A．subjects B．adolescents C．psychologists D．interpreters 92．A．public B．remote C．unexpected D．different 93．A．concerned about B．excluded by C．associated with D．compared to 94．A．suspected B．discovered C．requested D．predicted 95．A．interesting B．physical C．ordinary D．real 96．A．unforgettable B．wild C．unreachable D．universal 97．A．daily B．waking C．happy D．working 98．A．covered B．forecast C．matched D．enhanced 99．A．purpose B．types C．features D．study 100．A．examples B．theories C．explanations D．presentations 话题2社会问题与社会现象（共5篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海松江一中・期中） How Douyin Is Reshaping Music Consumption For countless young Chinese individuals, “The Shepherd in Keketuohai” and its original singer, Wang Qi, are not well-known. On the contrary, their parents are probably quite 1 with the melody. Although differences in musical tastes across generations are not a 2 concept, the fact that numerous middle-aged Chinese people first heard this song through Douyin, a widely-used short-video platform, is rather fascinating. A search conducted in March produced over seven million video clips 3 the song, many of which were posted by accounts targeting a middle-aged audience. This variation in musical exposure 4 from Douyin’s advanced recommendation algorithms, which tailor video feeds according to each user’s personal preferences. “The Shepherd in Keketuohai” is just one 5 of a song that has experienced a surge in popularity within a particular user group on the app. However, this 6 presents a considerable challenge: Douyin and similar platforms are bringing about a revolution in the music industry, 7 established record labels to adjust while gradually making artists less recognizable. Since its 8 in 2016, Douyin has risen to become a major player in China’s pop music scene. Its enormous and varied user base 9 that almost every music genre can find an audience. 10 , an increasing number of artists are opting for Douyin as their preferred platform to release new tracks, driven by the aspiration to achieve widespread popularity. Dance challenges, where users imitate choreographed (事先安排的) dances to short song excerpts, have become 11 widespread. This shift has proven 12 for smaller record labels, breaking the dominance held by major labels and 13 the industry’s landscape. To access Douyin’s massive user base of 600 million, major labels have even 14 their royalty fees (版权费). Nevertheless, this 15 also influences our bond with music. Users often find it difficult to recall artist names or song titles, and songs are frequently edited to highlight their most appealing parts. 1．A．familiar B．bored C．satisfied D．annoyed 2．A．simple B．old C．complex D．novel 3．A．avoiding B．featuring C．criticizing D．replacing 4．A．benefits B．differs C．originates D．suffers 5．A．effect B．reason C．cause D．instance 6．A．app B．trend C．action D．song 7．A．threatening B．restricting C．inviting D．forcing 8．A．discovery B．foundation C．launch D．structure 9．A．ensures B．doubts C．denies D．assumes 10．A．In effect B．In addition C．Nevertheless D．As a result 11．A．moderately B．equivalently C．particularly D．slightly 12．A．neutral B．harmful C．beneficial D．irrelevant 13．A．triggering B．reshaping C．exploring D．underestimating 14．A．increased B．maintained C．lowered D．oversaw 15．A．impression B．industry C．accumulation D．transformation Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海行知实验中学・期中） Chinese Dama: The Worldwide Square Dancers These middle-aged women, often decked out in matching pink tracksuits and headbands, have been 16 in cities and towns across China, from the bustling squares of Beijing to the picturesque alleyways of Guilin, 17 passersby with their exuberant dance moves. But recently, this fad has spread its wings and reached beyond China’s borders, captivating the world with its charm and 18 . The phenomenon of Chinese Dama dancing in squares has received attention from all over the world. Media outlets from Hollywood to Hong Kong have been 19 this phenomenon, amazed by the women’s skills and unwavering spirit. Square dancing has always been part of Chinese culture and is considered a(n) 20 way of exercise and relaxation. But what sets these Dama apart is their infectious energy and their 21 to share their love for dance with the world. The dance moves themselves are 22 enough for anyone to learn, making it a great way for Dama to keep fit while also 23 with others. Synchronized dancing not only helps improve physical coordination but also promotes teamwork and social harmony. It’s no wonder then that this 24 has taken off so rapidly, resonating with people from all walks of life. The synchronized dance movements, energetic music, and the 25 atmosphere that emanates from within make people feel awe towards these Dama. These Chinese women have proven with their enthusiasm and vitality that 26 is just a number, and that it’s never too late to follow your dreams or pursue your passion. They have shown the world that dance is a universal 27 that anyone can learn, no matter their age or background. Dama dancing in squares is not only a colorful addition to China’s cultural landscape but also a(n) 28 that dance is a powerful tool for promoting well-being, unity, and joy. These Dama have become a(n) 29 to people around the world, reminding us that we can always find ways to keep active, connected, and happy, 30 our age or circumstances. 16．A．moved B．promoted C．quitted D．spotted 17．A．delighting B．dismissing C．distracting D．disturbing 18．A．costume B．energy C．history D．music 19．A．citing B．covering C．crediting D．criticizing 20．A．effective B．emotional C．encouraging D．exceptional 21．A．devotion B．emergency C．reluctance D．willingness 22．A．complicated B．powerful C．regretful D．simple 23．A．competing B．debating C．participating D．socializing 24．A．theft B．thread C．threat D．trend 25．A．jealous B．joyous C．noisy D．sorrowful 26．A．age B．crowd C．distance D．wealth 27．A．language B．performance C．style D．tradition 28．A．candidate B．donator C．participant D．reminder 29．A．declaration B．inspiration C．objective D．obstacle 30．A．however B．no matter C．regardless of D．Whether Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海浦东新区上海海事大学附属北蔡高级中学・期中） How E-Reading Threatens Learning in the Humanities For the past five years, I’ve been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus (与……对比) in print. The bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don’t intend to 31 or reread, text that requires what’s been called “deep reading” is nearly always better done in print. Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which 32 . My survey research with university students in the United States, Germany, and Japan reveals that if cost were the same, about 90 percent (at least in my sample) 33 hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For 34 texts, it’s a toss-up (难以定夺的事). Digital reading also 35 distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy. (The figure for Germany was 98 percent.) In this country, 26 percent indicated they were 36 to multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine 37 with Finnegan’s Wake while simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight. You get the point. Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly 38 . I asked what people liked most (and least) about reading in each medium. Common 39 for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.” When asked what they liked least about reading 40 , a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don’t absorb as much.” My all-time favorite reply to the question “What is the one thing you 41 about reading in print?” came from an American: “It takes me longer because I read more carefully.” Isn’t careful reading what academic was designed to promote? Which brings us back to the humanities? Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The 42 of digital reading for the humanities is that screens — particularly those on devices with Internet connections — undermine our encounters with meaty texts. These 43 weren’t designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading. 44 , they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming — not scrutinizing. Teachers and scholars must look beyond today’s career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities. We need to think more carefully about students’ mounting rejection of long-form reading, now 45 by digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry. 31．A．hurry through B．reflect on C．inquire about D．chew over 32．A．style B．medium C．page D．content 33．A．prefer B．keep C．share D．refuse 34．A．simpler B．clearer C．shorter D．newer 35．A．avoids B．encourages C．delays D．blocks 36．A．likely B．free C．difficult D．reluctant 37．A．comparing B．beginning C．struggling D．staying 38．A．interesting B．challenging C．working D．revealing 39．A．responses B．difficulties C．senses D．stories 40．A．normally B．physically C．digitally D．virtually 41．A．worry B．dislike C．favor D．complain 42．A．feature B．basic C．convenience D．challenge 43．A．texts B．forms C．devices D．subjects 44．A．Also B．Rather C．Instead D．Therefore 45．A．improved B．measured C．invented D．intensified Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海彭浦中学・期中） Tricky Pictures With bold, swirling brushstrokes and vivid colors, Vincent van Gogh’s stirring Starry Night brings to life a unique sky. It’s one of the most famous paintings in the world. And 46 the scenic canvas (画布) can make museum visitors feel...starstruck. But seeing the masterpiece framed on a gallery wall isn’t the only way that art fans can experience its emotional impact. In fact, some exhibits give people a chance to be 47 by van Gogh’s celebrated scene. They find themselves enveloped by colors that dance before their eyes and ripple at their feet. These exhibitions, in which moving images are 48 projected onto walls, columns, floors, and sometimes onto viewers themselves, are examples of immersive art (沉浸式艺术). Immersive art doesn’t 49 a pedestal (基座) or hang on a wall next to a plaque (匾) printed with facts. And don’t expect it to fit in a frame or 50 familiar expectations. While immersive art can be hard to characterize, it is generally a multi-sensory, 51 experience that engages viewers and makes them feel like part of the artwork. One thing is certain — immersive art is 52 popular, selling out tickets in cities around the world. Van Gogh sold just one painting during his lifetime and only gained 53 after his death, but now he is immersive art’s biggest superstar. The 19th century painter’s work has been displayed in a lot of exhibitions featuring immense images furnished with animation and 54 by music, voices, and background sound. Another interactive hot spot with a DIY vibe is The House of Eternal Return in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The venue (场所) is 55 to over 70 rooms of surreal art. It’s run by the artistic cooperative Meow Wolf, which describes the project as a multidimensional mystery house with secret passages (通道) and 56 to magical worlds. “ 57 , what looks like a perfectly normal refrigerator door is the gateway to a hidden tunnel… and an unusual artistic adventure. The growing awareness of immersive art is partly 58 by social media. As visitors post selfies filled with van Gogh’s intense palette (色彩搭配), these experiences draw bigger and bigger crowds. Meanwhile, traditional artists are beginning to follow the trend, 59 immersive techniques and technologies in their works. That’s because many curators and creators share a 60 goal to help more people get into art! 46．A．commenting on B．gazing at C．heading for D．adding to 47．A．surrounded B．favored C．exhausted D．pursued 48．A．essentially B．digitally C．practically D．bitterly 49．A．rest on B．frame on C．depend on D．fix on 50．A．stand out B．figure out C．stick to D．distinguish with 51．A．plain B．logical C．harmonious D．interactive 52．A．unexpectedly B．eventually C．partially D．undoubtedly 53．A．recognition B．vision C．devotion D．definition 54．A．launched B．accompanied C．constructed D．urged 55．A．home B．intention C．relief D．mission 56．A．mottos B．origins C．links D．talents 57．A．However B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．For instance 58．A．powered B．buried C．permitted D．adapted 59．A．employing B．recognizing C．emphasizing D．breathing 60．A．common B．distinctive C．awkward D．desperate Passage 5 （2526 高二上・上海风华中学・期中） How an Allowance Helps Children Learn About Money Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (零花钱). The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very 61 . The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish 62 from family to family. 63 is another consideration with some children getting a weekly allowance and others given a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should 64 what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a(n) 65 . Parents are usually advised not to 66 more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that 67 need to be made between spending and saving. Older children may be 68 enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics. Allowances give children a chance to 69 the things they can do with money. They can share the money in the 70 of gifts or give to a good cause, spend it by buying things they want, or save and maybe even invest it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require 71 : you have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save 72 of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal 73 . A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest (复利). Interest rates on savings can be very low these days, but compounding 74 by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot, but over time it 75 . 61．A．costly B．forgivable C．likely D．public 62．A．benefits B．differs C．increases D．passes 63．A．Means B．Purpose C．Quality D．Timing 64．A．come across B．cover up C．give up D．make clear 65．A．area B．budget C．period D．position 66．A．donate B．lend C．offer D．pay 67．A．breaks B．changes C．charges D．choices 68．A．afraid B．dependent C．fortunate D．responsible 69．A．collect B．demonstrate C．experience D．name 70．A．form B．mode C．pattern D．type 71．A．innovation B．obedience C．research D．sacrifice 72．A．all B．little C．none D．part 73．A．achievement B．finance C．identity D．relationship 74．A．exercises B．reacts C．reduces D．works 75．A．adds up B．carries on C．fades away D．takes over 话题3 人工智能（共3篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress, changing how we work, live, and connect. Today, AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans; it can now act 1 , completing tasks and making decisions. This shift marks the beginning of a “digital labor revolution.” AI agents, powered by machine learning, can generate text, compose music, and design images. These agents can work on their own, 2 with other AI systems, or assist humans. Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks, AI agents have the potential to perform 3 jobs, increasing productivity across industries. AI-driven automation has the power to transform economies. By taking over repetitive and routine tasks, AI allows workers to focus on creative and 4 activities. This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation. In fact, AI-driven productivity increased by 2.2% in the third quarter of 2024. However, the rise of AI also raises 5 . As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality. Historically, though, technological advancements have created more jobs than they have 6 . In 1950, 43 million Americans had jobs; by 2020, that number had risen to 152 million. The key to managing this transition is education — training people to work alongside AI and developing new 7 . AI’s impact goes beyond business. It can be used to expand opportunities for education and career development. For example, the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to 8 students with college applications. This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive 9 . Similarly, AI is improving the job application process. The Adecco Group, a global human resources company, now uses AI to quickly 10 job seekers with employers. This reduces waiting times and helps more people find 11 employment. The future of AI depends on how we use it. If applied responsibly, AI can improve efficiency, create opportunities, and 12 human potential. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility, and 13 . Standing at the edge of this new era, we must embrace AI with 14 . Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide. The key is to balance innovation with 15 , ensuring that AI serves humanity in the best possible way. 1．A．independently B．passively C．randomly D．temporarily 2．A．argue B．compare C．compete D．cooperate 3．A．boring B．complex C．dangerous D．simple 4．A．physical B．repetitive C．daily D．strategic 5．A．benefits B．concerns C．hopes D．difficulties 6．A．created B．eliminated C．ignored D．lost 7．A．challenges B．industries C．problems D．theories 8．A．assist B．confuse C．discourage D．replace 9．A．criticism B．guidance C．pressure D．rejection 10．A．compare B．compete C．match D．separate 11．A．part-time B．temporary C．stressful D．suitable 12．A．develop B．limit C．ignore D．waste 13．A．competition B．cost C．safety D．speed 14．A．confidence B．doubt C．fear D．hesitation 15．A．profit B．benefit C．responsibility D．tradition Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海交大附中嘉定分校・期中） Want a job with a successful multinational? You will face lots of 16 . Two years ago Goldman Sachs received a quarter of a million applications from students and graduates, which are a 17 problem for companies. If a team of five Goldman human-resources staff, working 12 hours every day, including weekends, spent five minutes on each application, they would take nearly a year to complete the task of sifting(筛选) through the 18 . Little wonder that most large firms use a computer program, or algorithm (算法), when it comes to 19 candidates seeking junior jobs. And that means applicants would 20 from knowing exactly what the algorithms are looking for. Victoria McLean set up a business called City CV, which helps job candidates with applications. She says the applicant-tracking systems (ATS) 21 up to 75% of CVs, or résumés, before a human sees them. Such systems are 22 for keywords that meet the employer’s criteria. One tip is to study the language used in the job advertisement; if the 23 PM are used for project management, then make sure PM appears in your CV. 24 the ATS stage may not be the job hunter’s only technological barrier. Many companies, including Vodafone and Intel, use a video-interview service called HireVue. Candidates are quizzed while an artificial-intelligence (AI) program analyses their facial expressions (maintaining eye contact with the camera is 25 ) and language patterns (sounding confident is the trick). Only if they pass that test will the applicants meet some humans. You might expect AI programs to be able to avoid some of the biases of 26 recruitment methods — particularly the tendency for interviewers to favour candidates who resemble the interviewer. 27 , discrimination can show up in unexpected ways. Anja Lambrecht and Catherine Tucker, two economists, placed adverts promoting jobs in science, technology, engineering and math on Facebook. They found that the ads were less likely to be shown to women than to men. This was not due to a conscious bias on the part of the Facebook algorithm. Rather, young women are a more valuable demographic group on Facebook (because they control a high share of household spending) and thus ads targeting them are more 28 . The algorithm 29 targeted pages where the return on investment is highest: for men, not women. Apart from potential bias in AI system, companies also need to consider whether the programs do more than just simplify the process. For instance, do successful candidates have long and productive careers? Staff churn (流失), 30 , is one of the biggest recruitment costs that firms face. 16．A．difficulties B．questions C．competition D．tasks 17．A．complex B．underlying C．technical D．practical 18．A．pile B．crop C．mass D．project 19．A．screening B．examining C．interviewing D．appointing 20．A．recover B．suffer C．learn D．benefit 21．A．forward B．reject C．exclude D．select 22．A．arguing B．allowing C．answering D．hunting 23．A．capitals B．captains C．initials D．shortages 24．A．Passing B．Completing C．Sustaining D．Competing 25．A．noticeable B．avoidable C．visible D．advisable 26．A．intentional B．innovative C．favorable D．conventional 27．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Besides D．However 28．A．expensive B．affordable C．profitable D．competitive 29．A．professionally B．naturally C．arguably D．unfortunately 30．A．in turn B．after all C．all in all D．above all Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海育才中学・期中） Why Do AI Chatbots Use So Much Energy? In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT have exploded in popularity, along which comes a massive amount of energy. Across the world, data centers 31 around 1.5% of global energy consumption. These numbers are 32 to skyrocket, at least doubling by 2030 as the demand for AI grows. But what makes AI chatbots so energy 33 ? The answer lies in the massive scale of AI chatbots. In particular, there are two parts of AI that use the most energy: training and 34 , said Mosharaf Chowdhury, a computer scientist at the University of Michigan. To train AI chatbots, large language models (LLMs) are given 35 datasets so the AI can learn, recognize patterns and make predictions. In general, there is a “bigger is better belief” with AI training, de Vries-Gao said, where bigger models that 36 more data are thought to make better predictions. Training an LLM usually requires multiple servers, each of which has an average of eight GPUs, which then run for weeks or months. Altogether, this 37 mountains of energy: It’s estimated that training OpenAI’s GPT-4 used 50 gigawatt-hours of energy, 38 powering San Francisco for three days. Inference also consumes a lot of energy. This is where an AI chatbot draws a conclusion from what it has learned and generates an output from a request. Although it takes 39 fewer computational resources to run an LLM after it’s trained, inference still requires massive energy because of the sheer huge number of requests made to AI chatbots. Researchers like Chowdhury and de Vries-Gao are now working to better 40 these energy demands to understand how to reduce them. 41 , Chowdhury keeps a Machine Learning Energy Rank List that tracks the inference energy consumption of open-source models. However, the specific energy demands of the other generative AI platforms are mostly unknown; big companies like Google usually keep these numbers 42 . This makes it difficult to 43 how much energy AI really uses, what the energy demand will be in the coming years, and whether the world can keep up. People who use these chatbots, however, can push for better transparency (透明度). This can not only help users make more energy-responsible choices with their own AI use but also help policymakers hold AI companies 44 . “One very fundamental problem with digital applications is that the impact is never transparent,” de Vries-Gao said. “The ball is with policymakers to encourage 45 so that the users can start doing something.” 31．A．result from B．object to C．deal with D．account for 32．A．expected B．scheduled C．convinced D．promised 33．A．effective B．sensitive C．decisive D．intensive 34．A．calculation B．application C．inference D．generation 35．A．special B．enormous C．particular D．various 36．A．take on B．take in C．take after D．take off 37．A．consumes B．produces C．recycles D．originates 38．A．contrary to B．related to C．accustomed to D．equal to 39．A．unexpectedly B．occasionally C．constantly D．considerably 40．A．capitalize B．defend C．quantify D．search 41．A．For example B．In fact C．After all D．In addition 42．A．silent B．private C．safe D．independent 43．A．balance B．determine C．reduce D．report 44．A．reliable B．unbelievable C．accountable D．capable 45．A．disclosure B．cooperation C．punishment D．identification 话题4 人与动物（共2篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海顾村中学・期中） Why are so Many Whales Washing up Dead on East-coast Beaches? Luna was last seen alive in September off the coast of Nova Scotia. Scientists had been tracking the 40-year-old whale for decades. Like all humpback whales, his tail, called a fluke, had distinctive pigmentation (色素沉淀) patterns. These are used by scientists as a sort of 1 . Luna’s fluke had a moon shape, hence his name. Those tracking him knew every scar and took 2 of new ones whenever they saw him. The next time he was seen was when his carcass washed ashore in January on Lido Beach on Long Island, about 40 miles (65km) from Manhattan and 600 miles from Nova Scotia. Whales have been dying in 3 numbers along America’s east coast since 2016. So much so that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the federal agency that monitors fisheries and oceans, 4 the existence of an “Unusual Mortality Event” back in 2017. Prior to 2007, Rob DiGiovanni, the chief scientist at the Atlantic Marine Conservation Society, which surveys wildlife and conducts necropsies (尸检), said he saw 5 whales just once every two years. Then it became one to three a year; now it is every few weeks. Since the start of December, 29 dead whales, including right whales, whose 6 are already precarious, have washed ashore along America’s east coast. Luna was the tenth of 13 whales to be found dead on New York and New Jersey beaches. Scientists are trying to figure out why. A whale necropsy is a huge 7 . The equipment may entail cranes (起重机) to lift the whale, as well as sharp knives to fillet it. In 40％ of the necropsies, there was evidence of blunt force trauma or propeller wounds, which indicates the whales were 8 by a vessel, or evidence of entanglement in fishing gear. Some die of 9 causes; others from ingesting debris (垃圾碎片). Paul Sieswerda of Gotham Whale, a research organisation, said that vessel strikes are the 10 of “the butler standing there with a smoking gun.” Preliminary findings from Luna’s necropsy indicate a vessel was the probable cause of death. Whale sightings, particularly of humpbacks, have increased in the New York Bight, which stretches from the tip of Long Island to the far end of the Jersey Shore. Like their human 11 , the whales are drawn to the Big Apple’s cuisine. Menhaden, a kind of fish many whales 12 , have increased off the shores of New York and New Jersey, possibly because of warming waters. No longer must people trek to Maine or Nantucket to 13 whales. New Yorkers can observe them near city beaches. Several whale-watching companies, including in Brooklyn, have 14 . Unfortunately, the whales are essentially playing in 15 . New York Harbour is America’s busiest port, which puts the whales in the path of all sorts of vessels, including enormous container ships and cruise liners. Some of the carcasses on the beach are the result. 1．A．reaction B．language C．fingerprint D．culture 2．A．care B．note C．charge D．advantage 3．A．small B．decreasing C．random D．elevated 4．A．threatened B．declared C．denied D．guaranteed 5．A．stranded B．migrating C．trained D．fascinating 6．A．structures B．economies C．balances D．numbers 7．A．undertaking B．mistake C．opportunity D．responsibility 8．A．tracked B．lifted C．hit D．photographed 9．A．root B．urgent C．sudden D．natural 10．A．outcome B．equivalent C．cause D．purpose 11．A．voices B．resources C．rights D．neighbours 12．A．feed on B．belong to C．cope with D．adapt to 13．A．hunt B．save C．see D．exhibit 14．A．sprung up B．gone broke C．stepped back D．fallen apart 15．A．trouble B．traffic C．silence D．order Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海控江中学・期中） Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex 16 not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is 17 worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us. “If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the 18 and we do not exist without it.” Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to 19 course. “The two greatest 20 of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently 21 more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values. That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the 22 also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, 23 the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems. The campaign also recognizes the importance of 24 local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it 25 for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies. 26 , protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would 27 catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.” “Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants 28 much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) 29 ,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are 30 protecting it.” 16．A．argument B．term C．structure D．problem 17．A．altering B．developing C．stabilizing D．worsening 18．A．ecosystem B．threat C．cycle D．procedure 19．A．affect B．change C．reverse D．continue 20．A．aspects B．causes C．consequences D．occasions 21．A．acquiring B．protecting C．exploiting D．possessing 22．A．management B．announcement C．campaign D．competition 23．A．consume B．destroy C．lose D．contain 24．A．denying B．enjoying C．ignoring D．respecting 25．A．essential B．simple C．temporary D．profitable 26．A．Besides B．However C．Thus D．Otherwise 27．A．witness B．detect C．confirm D．avoid 28．A．measure B．absorb C．survive D．prevent 29．A．mission B．decision C．option D．exploration 30．A．worried about B．confident in C．responsible for D．good at 话题5 职业（共2篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海同济第一附中・期中） Why do most people choose to stay with their current employer? The 1 usually depends on their age, life circumstances, and personal motivations. A recent poll on our website asked the same question. The 2 reason for staying on the job was the nature of work and job satisfaction. Coming in a close second was flexible schedule and work-life balance. Next was work environment and corporate culture, followed by advancement opportunity and personal growth. Salary and benefits were the least important. Is it 3 that salary comes in last on this list? Not really. Salary and benefits do not usually make it into the top three reasons for job satisfaction on such surveys. Most people know they could earn more money elsewhere, but it’s not enough to get them to 4 a job they like. Advancement doesn’t rank at the top of the list, either. That’s probably because so many people think that moving up can make life on the job more 5 . The only thing one gets 6 is more money. So what 7 job satisfaction? One typical answer is “I like to be challenged”. People who say this like to work toward 8 . They like new 9 assignments so that they can test their skills and creativity. Another typical answer is “I like to feel I’m making a 10 ”. Many people get a sense of community when they are working with a group of co-workers toward a(n) 11 goal. It is very important for them to have close, friendly relationships with co-workers, and they will do better when others 12 their efforts. Finally, there are those who say “I get 13 from a job well done”. Such people love the technical work they do; they feel 14 the results of their efforts. These people have high standards of quality and work best when they have control over a project. They will try harder when others know about the work they have done. Basically, the main reason why people work is to earn money, but it is not money that gives them satisfaction. 15 employees something more, and you are likely to get more from them. 1．A．question B．answer C．result D．survey 2．A．top B．actual C．good D．possible 3．A．impossible B．improper C．unclear D．unusual 4．A．leave B．find C．maintain D．lose 5．A．exciting B．rewarding C．unpleasant D．uncompetitive 6．A．for sure B．in return C．by himself D．after all 7．A．launches B．creates C．prevents D．expresses 8．A．holidays B．wages C．changes D．goals 9．A．outstanding B．challenging C．puzzling D．tempting 10．A．promise B．fortune C．contribution D．response 11．A．ideal B．common C．familiar D．ambitious 12．A．gain B．spare C．appreciate D．evaluate 13．A．promotion B．pressure C．knowledge D．satisfaction 14．A．proud of B．curious about C．worried about D．interested in 15．A．Offer B．Reward C．Promise D．Teach Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海市民办文绮中学・期中） In the future, we will be competing against medically-enhanced workers who can work longer and harder than us. Artificial intelligence will make it more 16 to monitor our every move in the office. This may sound like science fiction, but it’s a likely 17 , according to a new report by professional services firm PricewaterhouseCoopers. The report, which 18 a team of science researchers and a survey of more than 10,000 workers based in China, Germany, India, the U.K., and the U.S., predicts that rapid advances in technology, resource scarcity, and population demographics (人口统计学) are among the key forces that would significantly 19 the future of work by 2030. According to PwC, these 20 will result in four potential futures: one where “humans come first,” one where “innovation rules,” one where “companies care,” and one where “corporate is king.” In the future world where corporations dominate, PwC states that “human effort is 21 through physical and medical enhancement techniques and equipment, and workers’ performance and 22 are measured, monitored and analyzed at every step. A new breed of elite super-workers emerges.” This is a world where 23 is everything, and workers will need to create every advantage to stay ahead. This may sound like a stressful objective, but the majority of people surveyed 24 the challenge. Seventy percent of the workers surveyed said that they would undergo treatments to improve their body and mind if it would improve their chances of 25 . This could be because we believe it’s up to us to improve our careers. Of those surveyed, 74% said it was their individual 26 “to update their skills rather than relying on any employer.” To visualize this future, PwC made up a news article reporting from 2030 that detailed the first large-scale use of brain-enhancing drugs in the workplace. But you don’t need a 27 news report to see this future; real news reports about such technology have existed for some time. Companies in the U.S. and Europe are already offering microchip implants to workers, so they can enter company buildings and get their chips from the vending machine with the 28 of a hand. “So implants at work are already possible and happening and people will use it 29 to pay for things and to get on to buses and public transport. Why would they not 10 years later go, sure, put one in my brain to make me think harder and 30 ?” Jon Williams, PwC’s people and organizations division leader told The Australian about its survey. “It’s just natural progression.” 16．A．flexible B．urgent C．dangerous D．convenient 17．A．picture B．scenery C．imagination D．reality 18．A．drew upon B．counted on C．signed in D．made up 19．A．capture B．sweep C．design D．shape 20．A．reasons B．factors C．forces D．indicators 21．A．overshadowed B．maximized C．transferred D．minimized 22．A．wellbeing B．priority C．emotions D．conscience 23．A．willpower B．opportunity C．performance D．expertise 24．A．underestimated B．welcomed C．ventured D．overcame 25．A．welfare B．standard C．status D．employment 26．A．prospect B．understanding C．responsibility D．perspective 27．A．precise B．imaginative C．potential D．fake 28．A．wave B．pulse C．check D．strike 29．A．urgently B．socially C．privately D．solely 30．A．lighter B．closer C．longer D．shorter 本文是一篇议论文，围绕网络热议话题展开：一位网络知名教师呼吁提高历史学科地位，取消英语的主科地位，这一观点引发网络激烈争论。 【新素材·取消英语的主科地位】 A well-known teacher and online figure has recently 1____ a heated online discussion by calling for greater focus on history education and an end to English’s status as a core school subject. Some people hold the 2____ that AI translation tools have reduced the practical need for English, while others 3____ that English remains essential for scientific research, international trade and global academic exchanges. The debate arose from new examination 4____ in some areas, where certain subjects are no longer scored but reported as different 5____. These policy adjustments are meant to 6____ students’ heavy academic burden. Yet the teacher argued it should be English, 7____ history, that had its importance decreased to achieve the goal of burden reduction. He insisted history shapes national identity and spiritual values, 8____ English should lose its core-subject position. His remarks divided public opinion. Supporters think exam-driven English learning has become an inefficient “rat race”, so English ought to be made 9____. In this way students can 10____ more time to subjects they value more. They believe AI technology has helped 11____ language barriers in cross-cultural communication. Opponents, however, warn that downgrading English may 12____ educational inequality. Wealthier families can afford private tutoring, yet students from ordinary backgrounds may 13____ equal competitive chances. An expert pointed out that arguments from both sides could 14____ nearly every school subject. Instead of simple policy changes, people should think carefully about whether such reform can really meet its original 15____ and what new troubles it may bring about. 1. A. cooled B. fueled C. settled D. ended 2. A. view B. memory C. custom D. promise 3. A. pretend B. admit C. argue D. doubt 4. A. barriers B. standards C. reforms D. warnings 5. A. levels B. prizes C. goals D. tasks 6. A. increase B. bear C. assess D. ease 7. A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. less than 8. A. so B. though C. unless D. because 9. A. compulsory B. complex C. optional D. original 10. A. devote B. expose C. apply D. attach 11. A. put down B. cut down C. turn down D. break down 12. A. relieve B. hide C. deepen D. remove 13. A. miss B. lose C. risk D. waste 14. A. respond to B. belong to C. point to D. apply to 15. A. profit B. intention C. risk D. pressure 本文是一篇新闻类议论文，介绍纽约市出台新教育政策：公立幼儿园至八年级学生将被实施为期一年的生成式 AI 暂停使用令。 【新素材·禁高中以下学生用 AI】 Artificial intelligence has brought widespread changes to education worldwide, yet it also raises heated debates over its risks for young learners. In New York City, Mayor Zohran Mamdani has announced a sweeping new policy that 1____ a one-year moratorium on student-used generative AI within its public schools for grades 2-K through eighth grade. Taking effect in the 2026-27 school year, the measure will 2____ nearly 600,000 students, roughly two-thirds of the city’s public-school enrollment. Student-facing AI tools and companion chatbots will be 3____ among younger students. Meanwhile, high-school students face different rules. A small number of classrooms can carry out closely 4____ AI pilot programs, and all high-schoolers will receive twice-a-year lessons to develop AI 5____ covering ethics and critical thinking. Teachers remain permitted to use AI for lesson planning and administrative tasks, yet they are 6____ from using AI to grade students’ work. Alongside AI rules, new screen-time guidelines have also been 7____. School officials had waited months for official guidance. Back in March, an earlier document failed to 8____ grade-based AI restrictions. In July, principals were told to 9____ software purchases until the final policy came out. The strict policy grew out of rising 10____ among parents and educators. Many parents felt protective of their children, worrying AI products had not been properly 11____ before entering classrooms. 12____, opinions over the policy remain divided. Supporters argue many AI learning programs carry doubtful academic value and may encourage students to 13____ critical thinking. Such worries are 14____ to those that led to the state’s former bell-to-bell cellphone ban, which aimed to cut classroom distractions and 15____ students’ involvement in learning. 1. A. lifts B. imposes C. ignores D. reflects 2. A. benefit B. attract C. affect D. represent 3. A. prohibited B. assessed C. updated D. approved 4. A. financed B. designed C. selected D. monitored 5. A. competition B. cooperation C. literacy D. security 6. A. saved B. freed C. excused D. forbidden 7. A. released B. recalled C. rejected D. reserved 8. A. observe B. introduce C. confirm D. remove 9. A. continue B. rush C. complete D. pause 10. A. expectations B. concerns C. misunderstandings D. impressions 11. A. balanced B. identified C. vetted D. improved 12. A. Instead B. Besides C. However D. Therefore 13. A. abandon B. practise C. display D. value 14. A. opposed B. similar C. related D. equal 15. A. control B. assess C. reduce D. promote 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 完形填空5大常考话题 话题1 科普知识（难点） 话题2 社会问题与社会现象（常考点） 话题3 人工智能 话题4 人与环境（难点） 话题5 职业 1. 首句必读，抓主旨 完形第一句一般不挖空，读懂首句快速知道：文章讲什么、人物、感情基调（褒 / 贬）。 不要上来就边读边选！ 2. 通读全文，先易后难 先快速读一遍，把一眼能确定的空填上；纠结的空先跳过，后文大多有提示。 3. 复读验证，逻辑通顺 全部选完，完整读一遍，检查：逻辑、时态、搭配、感情色彩是否一致。 话题1 科普知识（共7篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海嘉定一中、晋元高级中学・期中） How to Enhance Humans Bryan Johnson wants to live forever. The American businessman takes around a hundred pills a day, never eats after 11 a.m., and closely monitors dozens of his body’s 1 . His goal, he says, is not merely to extend his life but to overcome death 2 . Strange though he seems, Mr. Johnson is part of a growing movement that views the human body as hardware to be enhanced, upgraded, and optimized. 3 “human enhancement,” he and others, including Peter Thiel and Elon Musk, are exploring life-extension drugs, brain implants, and techniques designed to sharpen both mind and body. It would be easy to 4 this pursuit as fanciful, full of dreamers and echoes of controversial science. Yet human enhancement is not entirely 5 . Medicine has long focused on restoring health; why not also strengthen the 6 ? The key challenge is to encourage serious research while 7 unsafe or unreliable practices. Those who desire to become superhuman have many 8 . Some are familiar: a diabetes drug called metformin that appears to extend life in mice, though its effect on humans remains 9 . Other substances, like energy boosters or hormones, are said to improve cognition or physical performance. Supplements that 10 cell repair may also help slow aging. 11 biohackers can go even further. In some places with fewer regulations, people experiment with genes that may promote muscle growth or delay aging. Brain-computer interfaces link the brain directly to machines; Neuralink has enabled disabled patients to control devices with remarkable 12 . Musk argues that only humans who can achieve “ 13 with artificial intelligence” will remain relevant in a world of intelligent machines. Human enhancement faces challenges. It combines genuine science with risky methods, which can 14 investment and slow progress. Governments could support the field by allowing controlled trials and updating regulations that currently focus only on treating illness. Done safely, the potential benefits are enormous: people could live longer, healthier, and more capable lives. 15 , ethical concerns remain, including unfair advantages for the wealthy. 1．A．biomarkers B．displays C．structures D．courses 2．A．medically B．diligently C．entirely D．relatively 3．A．In honour of B．On account of C．In the name of D．At the risk of 4．A．celebrate B．dismiss C．embrace D．address 5．A．unrealistic B．innovative C．feasible D．temporary 6．A．elderly B．lively C．wealthy D．healthy 7．A．advocating B．overtaking C．integrating D．eliminating 8．A．issues B．options C．causes D．demands 9．A．personal B．unconfirmed C．obvious D．inevitable 10．A．speed up B．hold back C．take over D．cut off 11．A．Intelligent B．Rebellious C．Adventurous D．Selfless 12．A．automation B．precision C．movements D．instincts 13．A．consistency B．agreement C．compromise D．interaction 14．A．interrupt B．guarantee C．discourage D．regulate 15．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Thus D．Still 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人类增强这一运动，探讨其方式、面临挑战及潜在影响。 【详解】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位美国商人每天服用大约一百片药，上午11点后从不吃东西，并密切监测自己身体的几十种生物指标。A. biomarkers生物指标；B. displays展示；C. structures结构；D. courses课程。根据前文“The American businessman takes around a hundred pills a day, never eats after 11 a.m.”可知，他采取各种养生措施，目的是监测身体的生物指标，故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说，他的目标不仅仅是延长寿命，而是要完全战胜死亡。A. medically医学上；B. diligently勤奋地；C. entirely完全地；D. relatively相对地。根据前文“Bryan Johnson wants to live forever.”可知，他想永生，也就是要完全战胜死亡，故选C。 3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：以“人类增强”之名，他和包括彼得·蒂尔和埃隆·马斯克在内的其他人正在探索延长寿命的药物、大脑植入物以及旨在强化身心的技术。A. In honour of为纪念；B. On account of因为；C. In the name of以……之名；D. At the risk of冒着……的风险。根据后文““human enhancement,””可知，这里指以“人类增强”这个概念为名义展开探索，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们很容易将这种追求视为异想天开，充满了梦想家和有争议科学的影子。A. celebrate庆祝；B. dismiss不予考虑，认为……不重要；C. embrace拥抱，接受；D. address处理，演讲。根据下文“as fanciful”可知，人们容易把这种追求不当回事，认为是异想天开，故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，人类增强并不完全不切实际。A. unrealistic不切实际的；B. innovative创新的；C. feasible可行的；D. temporary临时的。根据前文人们觉得这异想天开，以及“Yet”表转折，可知这里说它并不完全不切实际，故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医学长期以来一直专注于恢复健康，为什么不也强化健康的人呢？A. elderly年长的；B. lively活泼的；C. wealthy富有的；D. healthy健康的。根据前文“restoring health”说医学关注恢复健康，这里说为何不强化健康的人，形成对比，故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关键的挑战是鼓励严肃的研究，同时消除不安全或不可靠的做法。A. advocating提倡；B. overtaking超过；C. integrating整合；D. eliminating消除。根据后文“unsafe or unreliable practices”可知，要消除这些不好的做法，故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些渴望成为超人的人有很多选择。A. issues问题；B. options选择；C. causes原因；D. demands要求。根据后文“Some are familiar: a diabetes drug called metformin that appears to extend life in mic”列举了各种药物等，说明他们有很多选择，故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中有些药物为人熟知：一种名为二甲双胍的糖尿病药物似乎能延长老鼠的寿命，但其对人类的影响仍未得到证实。A. personal个人的；B. unconfirmed未证实的；C. obvious明显的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据“though”表转折，前面说对老鼠有效，可知对人类的影响还没证实，故选B。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：加速细胞修复的补充剂也可能有助于延缓衰老。A. speed up加速；B. hold back阻碍；C. take over接管；D. cut off切断。根据下文“help slow aging”可知，加速细胞修复有助于延缓衰老，故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱冒险的生物黑客甚至可以走得更远。A. Intelligent聪明的；B. Rebellious叛逆的；C. Adventurous爱冒险的；D. Selfless无私的。根据下文“go even further”以及后文说在管制少的地方做实验，可知是爱冒险的人，故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Neuralink公司已经使残疾患者能够极其精确地控制设备。A. automation自动化；B. precision精确；C. movements运动；D. instincts本能。根据上文“control devices”可知，此处强调控制设备的精确性，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：马斯克认为，在智能机器的世界里，只有能够实现与人工智能“互动”的人类才会保持重要地位。A. consistency一致性；B. agreement同意；C. compromise妥协；D. interaction互动。根据后文“remain relevant in a world of intelligent machines.”可知，这里指人类与人工智能的互动，故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它将真正的科学与危险的方法结合在一起，这可能会阻碍投资并减缓进展。A. interrupt打断；B. guarantee保证；C. discourage使气馁，阻碍；D. regulate调节。根据下文“slow progress”可知，危险方法会阻碍投资，故选C。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，伦理问题仍然存在，包括给富人带来不公平的优势。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Thus因此；D. Still尽管如此，仍然。前文说有巨大潜在好处，这里说伦理问题仍存在，表转折，故选D。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海徐汇上海中学・期中） The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 16 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 17 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 18 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 19 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 20 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 21 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 22 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 23 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 24 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 25 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 26 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 27 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 28 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 29 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 30 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 16．A．instead B．therefore C．meanwhile D．besides 17．A．guides B．conclusions C．rewards D．theories 18．A．predicted B．interpreted C．encountered D．ignored 19．A．improved B．confirmed C．frustrated D．simplified 20．A．Especially B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Moreover 21．A．success B．approach C．failure D．achievement 22．A．prediction B．observation C．intuition D．imagination 23．A．invitation B．obligation C．limitation D．repetition 24．A．policy B．education C．funding D．publication 25．A．accuracy B．curiosity C．frame D．agreement 26．A．avoid B．fear C．embrace D．document 27．A．discipline B．flexibility C．stability D．certainty 28．A．temporarily B．accidentally C．fundamentally D．typically 29．A．conceptual B．physical C．emotional D．creative 30．A．optional B．essential C．terminal D．symbolic 【答案】 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文指出科学进步并非一帆风顺，失败实则是指引研究的重要向导，以相关发现为例论证观点，并强调其对科学教育的深刻启示。 【详解】16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：真正的科学进步往往并非一帆风顺；相反，它会沿着一条曲折的路径前行，途中会遭遇意想不到的阻碍和彻底的失败。A. instead反而；B. therefore因此；C. meanwhile同时；D. besides此外。前半句说“真正的科学进步很少是一帆风顺的”，后半句说“它沿着布满意外障碍和明确失败的曲折道路前进”，前后是转折对比关系。instead表示“反而、取而代之”，符合语境。故选A。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些看似暂时的挫折并非仅仅是简单的阻碍，它们往往能起到重要的引导作用，促使研究朝着更有前景的方向发展，并促进更深入的理解。A. guides指导；B. conclusions结论；C. rewards奖励；D. theories理论。定语从句“that re-orient research toward more promising directions(将研究重新导向更有前景的方向)”是对空格词的解释，说明这些挫折是指引方向的事物。故选A。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当无线电天文学家阿诺·彭齐亚斯和罗伯特·威尔逊在他们的测量中首次发现持续存在的干扰信号时，他们自然而然地将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。A. predicted预测；B. interpreted解释；C. encountered遇见；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem”可知，科学家将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。短语interpret...as...意为“将…… 理解为/解释为”，故选B。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该信号一直阻碍着他们获取纯净天文数据的努力，因此他们展开了全面的调查，以寻找可能的技术原因。A. improved改进；B. confirmed确认；C. frustrated阻碍，使沮丧；D. simplified简化。根据上文“as evidence of equipment problem”以及后文“their attempts to collect clean astronomical data”可知，这个干扰信号会阻碍他们收集清晰的天文数据，故选C。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，正是这种（干扰信号的）持续存在却促使他们开始考虑更为奇特的解释。A. Especially特别；B. Furthermore此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Moreover此外。前文说“他们尽了最大努力，干扰仍然存在”，后文说“正是这种持续存在促使他们考虑更特别的解释”，前后是转折关系，nevertheless（然而）表转折，符合语境。故选C。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初只是一个小的技术故障，最终却演变成了现代科学史上最为重大的宇宙学发现之一。A. success成功；B. approach方法；C. failure失败；D. achievement成就。根据上文“After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts.(在彻底排除了所有可能的干扰因素之后，他们面对的却是无法回避的现实：尽管他们竭尽全力，干扰现象依然持续存在)”可知，这件事最初是被当作设备故障的技术问题，属于科学研究中的失败，最终却成为重大发现。故选C。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一历史事件揭示了科学方法中一个至关重要的原则：一项研究的真正价值往往不在于能否证实预期的结果，而在于研究人员如何应对理论与观察结果之间的差异。A. prediction预测；B. observation观察；C. intuition直觉力；D. imagination想象力。根据上文“differences between theory and”可知，科学研究中，需要对比的是理论（theory）和观测结果（observation），故选B。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当实验数据与理论预测结果完全不符时，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。A. invitation机会，契机；B. obligation义务；C. limitation限制；D. repetition重复。根据上文“the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity”可知，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些见解对于科学教育有着深远的意义。A. policy政策；B. education教育；C. funding资助；D. publication出版。后文“Traditional teaching approaches”提到“传统教学方法”，可知本段讨论的是这些洞见对科学教育的启示。故选B。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统的教学方法往往强调预先设定的目标和迅速取得成功，这种做法可能会无意中阻碍学生对科学的真正好奇心的培养。A. accuracy准确性；B. curiosity好奇心；C. frame框架；D. agreement同意。根据上文“predetermined outcomes and rapid success”可知，强调既定结果和快速成功的传统教学，可能会抑制真正的科学好奇心，而好奇心是科学探索的核心动力。故选B。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种更具哲学内涵的方法应当能够营造出这样的学习环境：它不仅能够容忍那些在真正探究过程中自然出现的失败，而且还能够积极地接纳这些失败所带来的成果。A. avoid避免；B. fear恐惧；C. embrace接受；D. document记录。根据上文“not only tolerate but actively”以及后文“the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation”可知，前文说“不仅容忍(tolerate)”，后文用but递进，应是“积极接纳有价值的失败”。故选C。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过深入思考那些出乎意料的结果，学生们能够形成系统性的理解，并具备必要的思维灵活性，从而为创新性研究打下基础。A. discipline纪律；B. flexibility灵活性；C. stability稳定性；D. certainty确实。根据上文“By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results”可知，面对意外结果时，学生需要培养的是有条理的认知和思维的灵活性，这样才能适应科学研究中的变数。故选B。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，认识到失败所具有的不可或缺的作用，从根本上改变了我们对科学进步本身的理解。A. temporarily暂时；B. accidentally意外地；C. fundamentally基础地；D. typically典型地。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”以及后文“changes our understanding of scientific progress itself”可知，承认失败的不可或缺作用，会从根本上改变我们对科学进步的理解。故选C。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最具开创性的突破往往并非源于成功，而是源于其中所揭示的思维上的矛盾冲突。A. conceptual概念的；B. physical身体的；C. emotional情感的；D. creative创造性的。根据上文“differences between theory and”以及“The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the”可知，最重大的进步往往不是不顾失败，而是因为失败揭示的概念性矛盾——即理论与观测的认知冲突。故选A。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，对科学方法论的深刻理解要求我们不能将失败视为探究的终结，而应将其视为科学研究中一个不可或缺且具有创造性的方面。A. optional可选择的；B. essential重要的；C. terminal致命的；D. symbolic有象征意义的。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”可知，essential(必不可少的)与前文“indispensable role(不可或缺的作用)”呼应。故选B。 Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海吴淞中学・期中） Stay out of the Sun to Look Young Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked-up to 20 years younger than they actually are. However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 31 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 32 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 33 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US — commissioned by skincare firm Olay — guessed how old the women were, they found those who 34 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 35 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were. Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 36 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth, and the body is “pretty good” at judging how much we need. Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 37 conclusion. Experts there said: “Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.” It isn’t clear why the women who 38 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 39 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns. A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more aging than 40 intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 41 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 42 and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 43 that a cell is “tired out” and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday. Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 44 to develop its latest face creams, said: “This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 45 basis.” 31．A．add to B．benefit from C．depend on D．hold back 32．A．mistake B．proposal C．difference D．comment 33．A．finding B．suggestion C．prospect D．possibility 34．A．cheered up B．were exposed C．made trouble D．took care 35．A．age B．trouble C．scenic D．weak 36．A．faulty B．popular C．helpful D．conflicting 37．A．better B．similar C．false D．satisfactory 38．A．ate B．exercised C．acted D．slept 39．A．hard B．apparent C．narrow D．serious 40．A．occasional B．limited C．potential D．initial 41．A．good B．damage C．treatment D．miracle 42．A．beauty B．water C．skin D．sun 43．A．trend B．possibility C．sign D．chance 44．A．product B．research C．approach D．sample 45．A．temporary B．personal C．daily D．strict 【答案】 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．A 36．B 37．B 38．D 39．C 40．A 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一项研究发现：防晒是保持年轻的关键，而多喝水、睡好觉等常见的“抗衰方法”并无明显效果，同时揭示了日常低强度日晒比偶尔高强度日晒更易导致皮肤老化，强调了全年防晒的重要性。 【详解】31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，其他所谓的保持年轻肤色的法则——从多喝水、睡好觉到规律运动——都未能阻挡时间的流逝。A. add to增添；B. benefit from受益于；C. depend on依赖；D. hold back阻挡、抑制。根据前文“However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion （肤色）, from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed”可知，从多喝水、睡好觉到规律运动，都未能阻挡时间的流逝，符合逻辑。故选D项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国皮肤病学会今天的年度会议将公布，只有避免日晒，以及在无法避免时涂抹防晒霜，才会有效果。A. mistake错误；B. proposal提议；C. difference差异、效果；D. comment评论。根据前文“Only keeping out of the sun”可知，只有远离阳光，是涂抹防晒霜起作用的条件之一，而且固定短语“make a difference”意思是“产生差异、有影响”。故选C项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一有趣的发现来自一项对231名不同年龄段女性的研究，研究人员询问了她们的生活情况，包括是否喜欢晒太阳。A. finding发现；B. suggestion建议；C. prospect前景；D. possibility可能性。根据下文“a study of 231 women of all ages”可知，这是个针对不同年龄阶段的研究，而研究得出的发现。故选A项。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们发现，那些注意防晒的人衰老得更慢。A. cheered up振作；B. were exposed暴露；C. made trouble惹麻烦；D. took care小心、注意。根据上文“avoided the sun’s rays”可知，此处指“注意防晒”的人，“took care（in the sun）”体现主动防护的行为。故选D项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，有四位女性几乎没有皱纹和老年斑，肤色清新，看起来比实际年龄整整年轻了二十岁。A. age年龄；B. trouble麻烦；C. scenic风景的；D. weak虚弱的。根据上文“A lucky four had so few wrinkles”可知，很幸运的4位女士有很少的皱纹，说明非常年轻没有老年斑。故选A项。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员、皮肤病学教授亚历克莎·金博尔博士说，多喝水有益健康这一普遍观点实际上是个误区，人体“很擅长”判断自己需要多少水分。A. faulty有缺陷的；B. popular普遍的、流行的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. conflicting矛盾的。根据下文“actually a myth”以及“the body is “pretty good”at judging how much we need”可知，人体自有调节功能，所谓流行的说法建议多喝水多睡觉能让人们更年轻其实是个谬论。故选B项。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国营养基金会之前的研究也得出了类似的结论。A. better更好的；B. similar相似的；C. false虚假的；D. satisfactory令人满意的。根据下文“Experts there said：‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin’”可知，专家说，只是喝水真地对改善皮肤没有影响，这和最新的研究结果非常相似。故选B项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前尚不清楚为什么睡眠好的女性皮肤看起来并不更年轻。A. ate吃；B. exercised锻炼；C. acted行动；D. slept睡觉。根据下文“didn't take into account their long-term sleep patterns.”可知，没有考虑他们长期睡眠的模式，说明本题比较的是睡的比较好的女性。故选D项。 39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但可能是因为他们的问题太狭隘，没有考虑到她们的长期睡眠模式。A. hard困难的；B. apparent明显的；C. narrow狭隘的；D. serious严重的。根据下文“didn't take into account their long-term sleep patterns”可知，在研究中对于这个问题的提问方式设计内容不周全，并没有考虑长期睡眠的模式，问题包含范围太窄了。故选C项。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一项同样由玉兰油开展的研究表明，日常低强度日晒比偶尔的高强度日晒更易导致皮肤老化。A. occasional偶尔的；B. limited有限的；C. potential潜在的；D. initial最初的。与上文“day to day exposure”（日常接触）形成对比，此处指“偶尔的”高强度日晒，符合逻辑。故选A项。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，对女性皮肤微小样本的DNA检测有助于了解太阳造成的损伤。A. good好处；B. damage损伤；C. treatment治疗；D. miracle奇迹。根据上文“low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than occasional intense exposure.”可知，本段讨论太阳曝晒对于女性皮肤的伤害，而且对于女士DNA样本的检查帮助我们理解太阳对皮肤的损伤。故选B项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种基因在表示自己喜欢晒太阳的女性和看起来更老的女性中也更活跃。A. beauty美丽；B. water水；C. skin皮肤；D. sun太阳。根据上文“The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun”可知，此处指 “喜欢晒太阳” 的女性。故选D项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：金博尔博士说，CDKN2A基因的活跃是细胞“疲惫不堪”的一个信号，并敦促女性应该全年保护皮肤，而不仅仅是在海滩度假时。A. trend趋势；B. possibility可能性；C. sign信号；D. chance机会。根据上文“DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand”以及“CDKN2A activity”可知，这种基因作为参照物可以了解细胞活动，这也是细胞已经老化的信号，提醒女士要保护皮肤了。故选C项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玉兰油的首席科学家弗劳克·诺伊泽博士利用这项研究开发了其最新的面霜。A. product产品；B. research研究；C. approach方法；D. sample样本。根据前文“Previous research”以及下文“This research”可知，前文详细介绍了两项相关研究，玉兰油基于这些“研究”开发产品，符合逻辑。故选B项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项研究详细展示了日晒对皮肤老化的影响，并说明了日常防护的重要性。A. temporary暂时的；B. personal个人的；C. daily日常的；D. strict严格的。根据前文“women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday”可知，女性全年都应该保护皮肤，而不仅仅是在海滩度假时，说明了日常保护皮肤的重要性。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海复旦附中・期中） Reams of papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism. Beyond the 46 doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to improve “executive function”, a loose concept that includes the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs as new information arrives. Most striking, numerous studies have even shown that bilinguals undergo a later onset of dementia, perhaps of around four years, on average. But some of these studies have failed to 47 , leaving experts wondering whether the effect is real, and if so, what exactly it consists of. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language, if you want your brain to 48 . A study from 2019 showed that although a moderate amount of language learning in adults does not boost things like executive function, it does mitigate age-related decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who 49 their second languages fully. That in turn is usually because they speak the two as natives, or at least have spoken them on a near-daily basis for a long time. A bit of university French does not, unfortunately, convey the same advantages as deep knowledge and long experience. Switching languages 50 in the course of a day may be particularly important. Studies of interpreters and translators have provided some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage. But elsewhere is “a forest of confusing 51 ”, says Mark Antoniou of Western Sydney University. Bilinguals are not like monolinguals in lots of ways. The child of ambassadors, raised in a foreign language abroad, may have cognitive and educational advantages that have nothing to do with bilingualism. At the other end of the 52 ladder, though, studies have found striking evidence that in poorer parts of the world multilingual people show the strongest advantages from speaking several languages. Where schooling is scarce, researchers suppose that bilingualism exercises children’s brains in a way that their schooling may not. 53 plays a role, too. Studies suggest that the effects of languages on the brain are stronger for young children and the old than they are for young adults. Bilingual tots seem to 54 in cognitive development in the early years, but their monolingual classmates may catch up with them later. One meta-analysis on the topic revealed that 25 studies out of 45 found a bilingual advantage in children younger than six, while only 17 found them in children aged 6-12. But all these studies take for granted the uncontroversial mental superpower that you get from language study: being able to talk to people you could not have spoken to, or understood, otherwise. Even if you cannot pick your parents and be 55 from infancy, that should be more than enough reason to give it a go. 46．A．conversational B．personal C．professional D．intellectual 47．A．challenge B．approve C．replicate D．handle 48．A．function B．benefit C．recover D．conduct 49．A．understand B．admire C．translate D．master 50．A．frequently B．easily C．occasionally D．selectively 51．A．theories B．assumptions C．contrasts D．variables 52．A．cultural B．socioeconomic C．educational D．geographic 53．A．Intelligence B．Personality C．Age D．Genetics 54．A．dominate B．struggle C．engage D．outperform 55．A．fluent B．mature C．demanding D．flexible 【答案】 46．A 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．D 52．B 53．C 54．D 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多语言能力对认知的益处、相关研究争议，以及影响该益处的多种因素和学习新语言的价值。 【详解】46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了它能开启的对话层面的大门之外，多语言能力还被认为可以提升“执行功能”——这是一个宽泛的概念，包括忽视干扰、规划复杂任务以及根据新信息更新认知的能力。A. conversational会话的；B. personal个人的；C. professional专业的；D. intellectual智力的。根据下文“multilingualism is supposed to improve ‘executive function’, a loose concept that includes the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs as new information arrives.”可知，多语言除了打开对话层面的大门，还能提升“执行能力”。故选A。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但其中一些研究未能被重复验证，这让专家们疑惑这种效果是否真实存在，若存在，其具体内涵又是什么。A. challenge挑战；B. approve批准；C. replicate复制，重复；D. handle处理。根据后文“leaving experts wondering whether the effect is real”可知，正是因为部分研究无法被重复进行以验证结果，才引发了专家的质疑。故选C。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好消息是，如果你想让自己的大脑受益，任何时候开始学习一门新语言都不算晚。A. function运行；B. benefit受益；C. recover恢复；D. conduct实施。根据第三段中的“it does mitigate age-related decline ”可知，学习新语言能减缓认知衰退，即让大脑从中受益。故选B。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最大的益处似乎来自那些完全掌握了第二语言的人。A. understand理解；B. admire钦佩；C. translate翻译；D. master掌握。根据第三段中的“That in turn is usually because they speak the two as natives, or at least have spoken them on a near-daily basis for a long time.”可知，能像母语者一样使用语言、长期高频使用，本质是对语言达到了“掌握”的程度。故选D。 50．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一天当中频繁地切换语言可能尤为重要。A. frequently频繁地；B. easily容易地；C. occasionally偶尔地；D. selectively有选择地。根据第三段中的“Studies of interpreters and translators have provided some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage.”可知，口译员和翻译工作者的工作特点就是频繁切换语言，这也印证了频繁切换语言的重要性。故选A。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：西悉尼大学的马克・安东尼奥说，在其他方面则存在着 “大量令人困惑的变量”。A. theories理论；B. assumptions假设；C. contrasts对比；D. variables变量。根据后文“The child of ambassadors, raised in a foreign language abroad, may have cognitive and educational advantages that have nothing to do with bilingualism.”可知，研究中存在很多干扰因素，即变量，导致研究结果难以统一。故选D。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在社会经济阶梯的另一端，研究发现了显著的证据：在世界上较贫困的地区，会说多种语言的人能从多语言能力中获得最明显的益处。A. cultural文化的；B. socioeconomic社会经济的；C. educational教育的；D. geographic地理的。根据后文“in poorer parts of the world”和“Where schooling is scarce”可知，此处是从经济和社会条件的维度进行对比，即社会经济阶梯。故选B。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：年龄也在其中发挥着作用。A. Intelligence智力；B. Personality性格；C. Age年龄；D. Genetics基因。根据第六段中的“the effects of languages on the brain are stronger for young children and the old than they are for young adults.”可知，该段围绕不同年龄段人群展开，核心影响因素是年龄。故选C。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：双语幼儿在幼年时期的认知发展方面似乎表现更出色，但他们说单一语言的同班同学后来可能会赶上他们。A. dominate主导；B. struggle挣扎；C. engage参与；D. outperform表现更出色。根据后文“but their monolingual classmates may catch up with them later ”可知，“赶上”这一表述暗示双语幼儿前期认知发展表现更好。故选D。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便你无法选择自己的父母，无法从婴儿时期就精通多种语言，那也完全有足够的理由去尝试学习一门新语言。A. fluent流利的；B. mature成熟的；C. demanding苛刻的；D. flexible灵活的。结合前文讨论的多语言能力的益处，以及“from infancy ”的语境可知，此处指从幼年就具备的语言能力，即语言流利。故选A。 Passage 5 （2526 高二上・上海闵行中学・期中） Many people learn at an early age to associate the color red with danger. So might it make sense to print medication   56 in red ink? And since the color blue is known to call to mind the freedom of open skies, might it help artists to   57 in a studio painted in that color? According to new research into how the brain reacts to 58 , the answer to both of these questions is yes. The study revealed that the color red seems to improve a subject’s attention to 59 , while blue appears to stimulate creativity—all without the subject realizing that his or her brain is being influenced. “People are not 60 this effect at all,” marveled the study’s lead researcher Juliet Zhu, who studies the effects of environmental cues on behavior. To study the brain’s response to specific colors, Zhu’s team administered a series of   61 tests to college students. For most of the tests, the students were placed in front of a computer screen that was colored either red or blue. The researchers found that when the screen was red, subjects performed better on detail-oriented tasks. In one test,   62 , students were asked to memorize a list of words. Zhu found that students who studied the list displayed on a red screen were able to recall more words than students who studied the list on a 63 screen. In other tests, creative abilities seemed to be 64 by looking at the color blue. For instance, the students were asked to brainstorm potential uses for bricks. Students sitting in front of blue screens tended to come up with ideas that were   65 , such as “make a paperweight” and “build a pet scratching post.” Students sitting in front of a red screen, on the other hand, were more likely to list 66 uses for bricks, such as “build a house.” Researchers concluded from the tests that seeing red causes people to take the extra time to think 67 when performing detail-oriented tasks, such as 68 , proofreading— and, of course, reading those all-important warning labels. 69 most people learn early in their development that red signifies potential danger, Zhu said, seeing red perhaps helps people to slow down in order to perform at their best in a potentially risky situation. Seeing blue, on the other hand, produces images of the sky, freedom and peace. Perhaps these images, researchers supposed, 70 feelings. “It’s really this learned association with these colors that drives these different motivations,” Zhu said. 56．A．instructions B．symptoms C．warnings D．treatments 57．A．create B．relax C．decorate D．design 58．A．skies B．medication C．colors D．paint 59．A．danger B．detail C．emotions D．vigor 60．A．distracted by B．aware of C．content with D．curious about 61．A．cognitive B．intelligence C．mental D．memory 62．A．on one hand B．at the same time C．for example D．that is 63．A．grey B．blue C．green D．white 64．A．proven B．acquired C．recognized D．enhanced 65．A．more abstract B．more positive C．more innovative D．more valuable 66．A．practical B．academic C．economical D．profitable 67．A．critically B．logically C．carefully D．independently 68．A．painting B．memorizing C．designing D．brainstorming 69．A．Unless B．When C．Since D．Though 70．A．turn up B．stir up C．set off D．give off 【答案】 56．C 57．A 58．C 59．B 60．B 61．A 62．C 63．B 64．D 65．C 66．A 67．C 68．B 69．C 70．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红色和蓝色对人的大脑的影响。 【详解】56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，用红墨水打印药物警告有意义吗？A. instructions说明书；B. symptoms症状；C. warnings警告；D. treatments治疗。根据前文“Many people learn at an early age to associate the color red with danger. ”可知，红色是和危险联系在一起，所以用红墨水表示警告。故选C项。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：既然蓝色会让人联想到空旷天空的自由，那么它是否有助于艺术家在画室中用这种颜色进行创作呢？A. create创造；B. relax放松；C. decorate装饰；D. design设计。根据后文“while blue appears to stimulate creativity”可知，蓝色有助于艺术家在画室中用这种颜色进行创作。故选A项。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据一项关于大脑对颜色反应的新研究，这两个问题的答案都是肯定的。A. skies天空；B. medication药物；C. colors颜色；D. paint油漆。根据后文“The study revealed that the color red seems to improve a subject’s attention”可知，这项研究，研究的是大脑对颜色反应。故选C项。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，红色似乎能提高受试者对细节的注意力，而蓝色似乎能激发创造力——所有这些受试者都没有意识到他或她的大脑受到了影响。A. danger危险；B. detail细节；C. emotions情感；D. vigor活力。根据后文“The researchers found that when the screen was red, subjects performed better on detail-oriented tasks.”可知，红色似乎能提高受试者对细节的注意力。故选B项。 60．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：“人们根本没有意识到这种影响，”该研究的首席研究员朱莉叶(Juliet Zhu)惊叹道，她研究的是环境线索对行为的影响。A. distracted by被……分心；B. aware of意识到；C. content with满足于；D. curious about对……好奇。根据后文“all without the subject realizing that his or her brain is being influenced.”可知，这些受试者都没有意识到他或她的大脑受到了影响，所以是人们没有意识到这种影响。故选B项。 61．考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：为了研究大脑对特定颜色的反应，朱教授的团队对大学生进行了一系列认知测试。A. cognitive认知的；B. intelligence智力；C. mental精神的；D. memory记忆力。根据前文“To study the brain’s response to specific colors”可知，测试是为了研究大脑对特定颜色的反应，所以是认知测试。故选A项。 62．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在一次测试中，学生们被要求记住一组单词。A. on one hand一方面；B. at the same time同时；C. for example例如；D. that is换言之。根据后文“students were asked to memorize a list of words”可知，此处是在举例子。故选C项。 63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：朱教授发现，学习红色屏幕单词表的学生比学习蓝色屏幕单词表的学生能记住更多单词。A. grey灰色的；B. blue蓝色的；C. green绿色的；D. white白色的。根据前文“For most of the tests, the students were placed in front of a computer screen that was colored either red or blue.”可知，屏幕上的颜色是红色和蓝色，所以此处是红色屏幕单词和蓝色屏幕比较。故选B项。 64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在其他测试中，看蓝色似乎能增强创造力。A. proven证明；B. acquired获得；C. recognized承认；D. enhanced增强。根据前文“while blue appears to stimulate creativity”可知，蓝色能增强创造力。故选D项。 65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐在蓝屏前的学生往往会想出更具创新性的想法，比如“做一个镇纸”和“做一个宠物抓挠柱”。A. more abstract更抽象的；B. more positive更积极的；C. more innovative更具创新性的；D. more valuable更有价值的。根据前文“In other tests, creative abilities seemed to be 　　　　9　　　　 by looking at the color blue.”可知，蓝色能增强创造力，所以是想出更具创新性的想法。故选C项。 66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，坐在红色屏幕前的学生更有可能列出砖块的实际用途，比如“盖房子”。A. practical实际的；B. academic学术的；C. economical经济的；D. profitable赢利的。根据后文“such as “build a house.””根据举例可知，是实际用途。故选A项。 67．考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员从测试中得出结论，看到红色会让人们在执行细节导向型任务时花费额外的时间仔细思考，比如记忆、校对，当然还有阅读那些非常重要的警告标签。A. critically批判地；B. logically逻辑上；C. carefully仔细地；D. independently独立地。根据后文“Zhu said, seeing red perhaps helps people to slow down in order to perform at their best in a potentially risky situation.”可知，看到红色可能有助于人们放慢速度，所以会仔细思考。故选C项。 68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员从测试中得出结论，看到红色会让人们在执行细节导向型任务时花费额外的时间仔细思考，比如记忆、校对，当然还有阅读那些非常重要的警告标签。A. painting涂漆；B. memorizing记忆；C. designing设计；D. brainstorming集思广益。根据前文“students were asked to memorize a list of words. Zhu found that students who studied the list displayed on a red screen were able to recall more words”可知，记忆是细节导向型任务。故选B项。 69．考查连词词义辨析。句意：朱说，由于大多数人在发育早期就知道红色意味着潜在的危险，看到红色可能有助于人们放慢速度，以便在潜在的危险情况下表现出最佳状态。A. Unless除非；B. When当……时；C. Since由于；D. Though虽然。根据后文“most people learn early in their development that red signifies potential danger”可知，此处是在解释看到红色会让人们放慢速度的原因，引导的是原因状语从句，应用since引导。故选C项。 70．考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员推测，也许是这些图像激起了人们的情绪。A. turn up露面；B. stir up引起；C.  set off动身；D.  give off释放。根据前文“Seeing blue, on the other hand, produces images of the sky, freedom and peace.”可知，人们看到蓝色会有自由和平的形象，推知是图像引起感觉。故选B项。 Passage 6 （2526 高二上・上海大同中学・期中） We sort ourselves into introverts and extroverts, but the truth is that personality is more plastic than you think, says Claudia. There is a belief in modern therapy culture saying that you shouldn’t try to change — you are perfectly imperfect, and that the right people will accommodate your every unique characteristic. Relatedly, personality has 71 been defined as a pretty stable collection of characteristics. Indeed, you might believe you are controlled by the genetic hand you were dealt at birth when it comes to things like how agreeable or conscientious you are. However, there is plenty of evidence that our personalities are more flexible than we believed, fueling fascination with the 72 of personality change to improve our lives. For example, a 2024 study found that three months of digital coaching reliably 73 personalities like emotional stability and conscientiousness. Other characteristics provide further support for the flexibility of personality. Most people will label themselves 74 as extroverts or introverts. But Carl Jung, who coined these terms, said they are a spectrum (范围) and that there is no such thing as a “ 75 ” introvert or extrovert. Some of us may be more likely to enjoy the role of chief party entertainer, while others tend to prefer 76 responding to their surroundings. However, these preferences are 77 . Who you are on a cold winter Wednesday is likely to be different to who you are on a sunny Saturday. Whatever your 78 , staying socially connected is crucial for well-being. Acting a bit extroverted helps you deal with stress’s physical effects, like higher blood pressure or heart rate. The Harvard Study of Adult Development, an 80-year project tracking the lives of about 700 men in order to understand the core 79 of a happy and healthy life, found that nothing matters more than good social relationships. Even if you regard yourself as a (n) 80 introvert, embracing a more social approach may be easier than you think. Indeed, research from 2022 shows that it is the strength of someone’s 81 as an introvert, more than how highly they score on personalities of introversion, that makes them uncomfortable when asked to act more outgoing. This indicates that a more 82 attitude towards self-image can help to drive deliberate change. Already highly extroverted? Perhaps you would benefit from working to boost your capacity for reflection, a characteristic often found in those who lean towards a quieter life. 83 , enhancing other characteristics linked with well-being-like good emotional regulation or becoming more 84 to new experiences has repeatedly been shown to be possible. Challenging the idea of 85 personality types could make us all happier. But first, you might need to accept a painful truth: maybe trying to change isn’t such a bad idea. 71．A．precisely B．conventionally C．rigidly D．formally 72．A．craft B．core C．creativity D．code 73．A．determined B．increased C．weakened D．managed 74．A．automatically B．effortlessly C．exclusively D．specifically 75．A．reliable B．quick C．pure D．common 76．A．quietly B．actively C．closely D．unnecessarily 77．A．stable B．changeable C．strong D．personal 78．A．limitations B．habits C．symptoms D．tendencies 79．A．meanings B．goals C．drawbacks D．components 80．A．transformed B．confirmed C．devoted D．reversed 81．A．emphasis B．observation C．attitude D．identity 82．A．relaxed B．formal C．positive D．reliable 83．A．Generally B．Additionally C．Consequently D．Similarly 84．A．open B．indifferent C．grateful D．subject 85．A．individual B．fascinating C．fixed D．changeable 【答案】 71．B 72．A 73．B 74．C 75．C 76．A 77．B 78．D 79．D 80．B 81．D 82．A 83．D 84．A 85．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。论述了人格并非固定不变，而是具有可塑性，结合研究与理论说明人格的灵活性，探讨主动调整人格对生活的积极意义。 【详解】71．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此相关的是，人格通常被定义为一组相当稳定的特质。A. precisely精确地；B. conventionally通常地；C. rigidly严格地；D. formally正式地。根据上文“personality”和下文“defined as a pretty stable collection of characteristics”可知，句中在谈论对人格的定义，这是学术届的共识，是通常的认知，conventionally符合语境。故选B。 72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有大量证据表明我们的人格比想象中更灵活，这激发了人们对塑造人格以改善生活的兴趣。A. craft技艺；B. core 核心；C. creativity创造力；D. code代码。根据上文“our personalities are more flexible than we believed”及下文“personality change to improve our lives”可知，此处指塑造人格的方式，craft符合语境。故选A。 73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，2024年的一项研究发现，三个月的数字辅导可靠地提升了情绪稳定性、责任心等人格特质。A. determined决定；B. increased提升；C. weakened削弱；D. managed管理。根据上文“personality change to improve our lives”及下文“emotional stability and conscientiousness”可知，此处指提升积极人格特质，increased符合语境。故选B。 74．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数人会把自己完全归为外向者或内向者。A. automatically自动地；B. effortlessly轻松地；C. exclusively完全地；D. specifically具体地。根据上文“the flexibility of personality”及下文“they are a spectrum (范围)”可知，人们常完全绝对地划分自己的人格类型，exclusively符合语境。故选C。 75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但创造这些术语的Carl Jung说，它们是一个范围，不存在纯粹的内向者或外向者。A. reliable可靠的；B. quick快速的；C. pure纯粹的；D. common常见的。根据上文“they are a spectrum (范围)”可知，此处指不存在纯粹的单一人格类型，pure符合语境。故选C。 76．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们中的一些人可能更喜欢扮演派对主娱乐者的角色，而另一些人倾向于安静地回应周围环境。A. quietly安静地；B. actively积极地；C. closely紧密地；D. unnecessarily不必要地。根据上文“introvert or extrovert”、“Some of us may be more likely to enjoy the role of chief party entertainer”、“while others”及下文“those who lean towards a quieter life”可知，这类人(偏内向的人)会安静地回应环境，quietly符合语境。故选A。 77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些偏好是会变化的。A. stable稳定的；B. changeable可变的；C. strong强烈的；D. personal个人的。根据上文“the flexibility of personality”及下文“Who you are on a cold winter Wednesday is likely to be different to who you are on a sunny Saturday”可知，偏好是会变的，changeable符合语境。故选B。 78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你的倾向如何，保持社交联系对幸福感至关重要。A. limitations限制；B. habits习惯；C. symptoms症状；D. tendencies倾向。根据上文“these preferences”可知，此处指人格倾向，tendencies符合语境。故选D。 79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈佛成人发展研究是一个为期80年的项目，追踪约700名男性的生活，以了解幸福健康生活的核心组成部分，发现没有什么比良好的社会关系更重要。A. meanings意义；B. goals目标；C. drawbacks缺点；D. components组成部分。根据下文“nothing matters more than good social relationships”可知，此处指幸福生活的要素、组成部分，components符合语境。故选D。 80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使你认为自己是坚定的内向者，采取更社交的方式可能比你想象的更容易。A. transformed转变的；B. confirmed坚定的；C. devoted忠诚的；D. reversed相反的。根据上文“Most people will label themselves __4__ as extroverts or introverts. But Carl Jung, who coined these terms, said they are a spectrum (范围)”及下文“embracing a more social approach may be easier than you think”可知，此处指坚定的内向者，confirmed符合语境。故选B。 81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2022年的研究表明，是某人作为内向者的身份认同，而非内向型人格的得分，让他们在被要求更外向时感到不适。A. emphasis强调；B. observation 观察；C. attitude态度；D. identity身份认同。根据下文“as an introvert”及下文“makes them uncomfortable”可知，此处指自我身份认同，identity符合语境。故选D。 82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这表明对自我形象更放松的态度有助于推动刻意的改变。A. relaxed放松的；B. formal正式的；C. positive积极的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文“the flexibility of personality”、“makes them uncomfortable”及下文“can help to drive deliberate change”可知，更放松、更不拘谨的自我形象的态度(即不把自己“固化”为某种类型)更利于改变，relaxed符合语境。故选A。 83．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，增强与幸福感相关的其他特质，比如良好的情绪调节或更乐于接受新体验，也被反复证明是可能的。A. Generally通常；B. Additionally此外；C. Consequently因此；D. Similarly同样。根据上文“Already highly extroverted? Perhaps you would benefit from working to boost your capacity for reflection”及下文“enhancing other characteristics linked with well-being-like good emotional regulation”可知，此处指内向者同样也能改善，Similarly符合语境。故选D。 84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样，增强与幸福感相关的其他特质，比如良好的情绪调节或更乐于接受新体验，也被反复证明是可能的。A. open乐于接受的；B. indifferent冷漠的；C. grateful感激的；D. subject易受……影响的。根据下文“to new experiences”可知，此处指对新体验保持开放的心态、乐于接受新体验，open符合语境。故选A。 85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：挑战固定人格类型的观念可以让我们更快乐。A. individual个体的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. fixed固定的；D. changeable可变的。根据上文“personality is more plastic than you think”及“further support for the flexibility of personality”可知，此处指挑战固定的人格类型观念，fixed符合语境。故选C。 Passage 7 （2526 高二上・上海华东师大附属东昌中学・期中） Today, dreams are the subject of frequent scientific study and the Internet is full of pages where you can find common dreams interpreted, but the truth is that we still don’t really know why we dream. 86 , research has been able to show that our dreams have some similar characteristics. In a study by the American psychiatrist and dream researcher J. Allan Hobson, some 87 dream characteristics were identified. He found that dreams often involve strong emotions and unusual sensations such as falling. He discovered that they are 88 and mix up time, people and places but are accepted by the dreaming mind no matter how strange they are. 89 — and this won’t come as a surprise to anybody — he saw that dreams are quickly forgotten by most people. In another study by the American psychologist Calvin S. Hall which was carried out during a forty - year period over 500,000 dream 90 from children, university students and adults from all around the world were collected. The 91 were asked to write dream diaries as soon as they woke up, some of which were completed over decades. Then Hall was able to draw some interesting conclusions about dreams. In the first place, people from very 92 places around the world generally have similar dream experiences. The most frequently experienced emotion in dreams was anxiety, and negative feelings were more common in dreams than positive ones. However, when it came to extremely strong emotions, there were sharp differences, with 50% of American men experiencing aggression in dreams 93 only 32% of Dutchmen. Hall also 94 that the world tends to dream about the same things. Situations related to school, work and family life were frequent as were 95 experiences such as falling, being chased, not being able to move and having your teeth pulled out. Other 96 dreams included falling in love with people you hardly know, embarrassing moments and arriving late for events. However, while Hall found that we dream about the same things, he also came to the conclusion that what we dream about is greatly influenced by what is going on in our 97 lives. Personal recent experiences were often woven into people’s dreams and after analyzing the diaries recorded over years, Hall found that the changes in the content of people’s dreams 98 the changes that occurred when they were wide awake. So while the scientific world is still unsure about the 99 of dreams, a large body of research has managed to remove some of the mysteries. It seems that most of us are having very similar nocturnal (夜间发生的) experiences, but despite that people around the world will continue to find a wider range of 100 of them. 86．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．Likewise D．However 87．A．valuable B．unique C．common D．unusual 88．A．embarrassing B．reasonable C．illogical D．frequent 89．A．Finally B．Additionally C．Consequently D．Strangely 90．A．waves B．reports C．studies D．experiences 91．A．subjects B．adolescents C．psychologists D．interpreters 92．A．public B．remote C．unexpected D．different 93．A．concerned about B．excluded by C．associated with D．compared to 94．A．suspected B．discovered C．requested D．predicted 95．A．interesting B．physical C．ordinary D．real 96．A．unforgettable B．wild C．unreachable D．universal 97．A．daily B．waking C．happy D．working 98．A．covered B．forecast C．matched D．enhanced 99．A．purpose B．types C．features D．study 100．A．examples B．theories C．explanations D．presentations 【答案】 86．D 87．C 88．C 89．B 90．D 91．A 92．D 93．D 94．B 95．B 96．B 97．B 98．C 99．A 100．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于梦的科学研究进展，指出科学研究虽已解开部分谜团，但人们仍在探索更多关于梦的解释。 【详解】86．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究已经能够表明我们的梦境有一些相似的特征。A. Otherwise否则；B. Besides此外；C. Likewise同样地；D. However然而。根据前文“but the truth is that we still don’t really know why we dream”可知，前文强调对梦境原因的未知，后文转而说明研究发现的梦境特征，前后为转折关系。故选D项。 87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在美国精神病学家、梦境研究者J. Allan Hobson的一项研究中，一些常见的梦境特征被识别出来。A. valuable有价值的；B. unique独特的；C. common常见的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据前文“our dreams have some similar characteristics”可知，此处指被识别出的“常见”特征。故选C项。 88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发现梦境往往不合逻辑，混淆时间、人物和地点，但无论多么奇怪，做梦的人都会接受。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. reasonable合理的；C. illogical不合逻辑的；D. frequent频繁的。根据后文“mix up time, people and places”及“how strange they are”可知，梦境的特点是“不合逻辑的”。故选C项。 89．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外——这对任何人来说都不足为奇——他发现大多数人很快就会忘记梦境。A. Finally最终；B. Additionally此外；C. Consequently因此；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据前文已介绍两项梦境特征，此处补充第三项特征，为递进关系。故选B项。 90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在美国心理学家Calvin S. Hall一项历时四十年的研究中，收集了来自世界各地儿童、大学生和成年人的50多万条梦境体验。A. waves波浪；B. reports报告；C. studies研究；D. experiences体验。根据后文“people from very __7__ places around the world generally have similar dream experiences”可知，研究收集的是“梦境体验”。故选D项。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究对象被要求一醒来就写梦境日记，其中一些日记持续记录了数十年。A. subjects研究对象；B. adolescents青少年；C. psychologists心理学家；D. interpreters解释者。根据前文“from children, university students and adults”可知，这些人是研究的“对象”。故选A项。 92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，来自世界上非常不同地方的人通常有相似的梦境体验。A. public公共的；B. remote遥远的；C. unexpected意外的；D. different不同的。后文“similar dream experiences”与“不同地方”形成对比，强调普遍性。故选D项。 93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当涉及到极其强烈的情绪时，存在显著差异——50%的美国男性在梦中经历过攻击性行为，而荷兰男性仅为32%。A. concerned about关心；B. excluded by被排除；C. associated with与……相关；D. compared to与……相比。根据后文“50% of American men”与“only 32% of Dutchmen”的数据分析可知，此处是两者对比。故选D项。 94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔还发现，人们往往会梦到相同的事情。A. suspected怀疑；B. discovered发现；C. requested要求；D. predicted预测。根据前文第6空后的“Then Hall was able to draw some interesting conclusions about dreams.”及后文“the world tends to dream about the same things”可知，此处指研究中的“发现”。故选B项。 95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与学校、工作和家庭生活相关的场景很常见，身体体验如坠落、被追赶、无法移动和拔牙也很常见。A. interesting有趣的；B. physical身体的；C. ordinary普通的；D. real真实的。根据后文“falling, being chased, not being able to move and having your teeth pulled out”可知，这些均为“身体体验”。故选B项。 96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他疯狂的梦包括爱上你几乎不认识的人、尴尬的时刻和参加活动迟到。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. wild疯狂的；C. unreachable够不到的；D. universal普遍的。根据后文“falling in love with people you hardly know, embarrassing moments and arriving late for events”可知，爱上几乎不认识的人、尴尬时刻、活动迟到，这些都属于比较疯狂的梦境内容。故选B项。 97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管霍尔发现我们会梦到相同的事情，但他也得出结论：我们的梦境很大程度上受清醒时生活中发生的事情影响。A. daily日常的；B. waking清醒的；C. happy快乐的；D. working工作的。根据后文第13空后的“the changes that occurred when they were wide awake”可知，此处指“清醒时的”生活。故选B项。 98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔发现人们梦境内容的变化与他们清醒时发生的变化相吻合。A. covered覆盖；B. forecast预测；C. matched吻合；D. enhanced增强。根据前文“Personal recent experiences were often woven into people’s dreams”可知，梦境变化与现实变化“相吻合”。故选C项。 99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，尽管科学界仍不确定梦境的目的，但大量研究已成功揭开了部分谜团。A. purpose目的；B. types类型；C. features特征；D. study研究。根据全文第一句中的“we still don’t really know why we dream”可知，此处指梦境的“目的”。故选A项。 100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎我们大多数人都有非常相似的夜间体验，但尽管如此，世界各地的人们仍会继续为这些体验寻找各种各样的解释。A. examples例子；B. theories理论；C. explanations解释；D. presentations展示。根据全文第一句中的“common dreams interpreted”可知，人们会为梦境寻找“解释”。故选C项。 话题2社会问题与社会现象（共5篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海松江一中・期中） How Douyin Is Reshaping Music Consumption For countless young Chinese individuals, “The Shepherd in Keketuohai” and its original singer, Wang Qi, are not well-known. On the contrary, their parents are probably quite 1 with the melody. Although differences in musical tastes across generations are not a 2 concept, the fact that numerous middle-aged Chinese people first heard this song through Douyin, a widely-used short-video platform, is rather fascinating. A search conducted in March produced over seven million video clips 3 the song, many of which were posted by accounts targeting a middle-aged audience. This variation in musical exposure 4 from Douyin’s advanced recommendation algorithms, which tailor video feeds according to each user’s personal preferences. “The Shepherd in Keketuohai” is just one 5 of a song that has experienced a surge in popularity within a particular user group on the app. However, this 6 presents a considerable challenge: Douyin and similar platforms are bringing about a revolution in the music industry, 7 established record labels to adjust while gradually making artists less recognizable. Since its 8 in 2016, Douyin has risen to become a major player in China’s pop music scene. Its enormous and varied user base 9 that almost every music genre can find an audience. 10 , an increasing number of artists are opting for Douyin as their preferred platform to release new tracks, driven by the aspiration to achieve widespread popularity. Dance challenges, where users imitate choreographed (事先安排的) dances to short song excerpts, have become 11 widespread. This shift has proven 12 for smaller record labels, breaking the dominance held by major labels and 13 the industry’s landscape. To access Douyin’s massive user base of 600 million, major labels have even 14 their royalty fees (版权费). Nevertheless, this 15 also influences our bond with music. Users often find it difficult to recall artist names or song titles, and songs are frequently edited to highlight their most appealing parts. 1．A．familiar B．bored C．satisfied D．annoyed 2．A．simple B．old C．complex D．novel 3．A．avoiding B．featuring C．criticizing D．replacing 4．A．benefits B．differs C．originates D．suffers 5．A．effect B．reason C．cause D．instance 6．A．app B．trend C．action D．song 7．A．threatening B．restricting C．inviting D．forcing 8．A．discovery B．foundation C．launch D．structure 9．A．ensures B．doubts C．denies D．assumes 10．A．In effect B．In addition C．Nevertheless D．As a result 11．A．moderately B．equivalently C．particularly D．slightly 12．A．neutral B．harmful C．beneficial D．irrelevant 13．A．triggering B．reshaping C．exploring D．underestimating 14．A．increased B．maintained C．lowered D．oversaw 15．A．impression B．industry C．accumulation D．transformation 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了抖音如何重塑音乐消费模式及其带来的影响。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们的父母可能对这首旋律非常熟悉。A. familiar熟悉的；B. bored无聊的；C. satisfied满意的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据上文“For countless young Chinese individuals, “The Shepherd in Keketuohai” and its original singer, Wang Qi, are not well-known. On the contrary, their parents are probably quite”可知，年轻人不熟悉这首歌，而空格前的“On the contrary”表示转折，因此此处指父母对旋律很熟悉。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管代际间的音乐品味差异并不是一个新颖的概念，但许多中年中国人通过抖音（一个广泛使用的短视频平台）首次听到这首歌的事实却相当吸引人。A. simple简单的；B. old旧的；C. complex复杂的；D. novel新颖的。根据上文“Although differences in musical tastes across generations are not a”和常识可知，代际之间的品味差异是一直存在的，并非新出现的事物，因此此处表示“不是新颖的概念”。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：3月份的一项搜索产生了超过700万个包含这首歌的视频片段，其中许多是由针对中年观众发布的账号发布的。A. avoiding避免；B. featuring以……为特色；C. criticizing批评；D. replacing代替。根据上文“numerous middle-aged Chinese people first heard this song through Douyin”、“A search conducted in March produced over seven million video clips”和下文“the song, many of which were posted by accounts targeting a middle-aged audience”可知，这些视频片段的内容与这首歌相关，即“以这首歌为特色”。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种音乐接触的差异源于抖音先进的推荐算法，该算法根据每个用户的个人喜好定制视频流。A. benefits受益；B. differs不同；C. originates起源；D. suffers遭受。根据上文“This variation in musical exposure”和下文“from Douyin’s advanced recommendation algorithms, which tailor video feeds according to each user’s personal preferences”可知，抖音先进的推荐算法根据每个用户的个人喜好定制视频流，所以这种音乐接触的差异源于抖音先进的推荐算法。originate from为固定搭配，意为“起源于，源于”。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《可可托海的牧羊人》只是抖音上某一特定用户群体中突然走红的歌曲的一个例子。A. effect影响；B. reason原因；C. cause原因；D. instance例子。根据下文“of a song that has experienced a surge in popularity within a particular user group on the app”可知，这首歌是众多在抖音特定群体中走红的歌曲之一，因此是“一个例子”。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一趋势带来了相当大的挑战：抖音和类似平台正在引发音乐行业的革命，迫使老牌唱片公司进行调整，同时逐渐使艺术家变得不那么知名。A. app应用；B. trend趋势；C. action行动；D. song歌曲。根据上文“a song that has experienced a surge in popularity within a particular user group on the app”可知，提到抖音算法让特定歌曲在特定群体走红，这是一种行业发展的“趋势”。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一趋势带来了相当大的挑战：抖音和类似平台正在引发音乐行业的革命，迫使老牌唱片公司进行调整，同时逐渐使艺术家变得不那么知名。A. threatening威胁；B. restricting限制；C. inviting邀请；D. forcing迫使。根据上文“Douyin and similar platforms are bringing about a revolution in the music industry”、下文“established record labels to adjust”可知，唱片公司是在行业变革的压力下“被迫”调整。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自2016年推出以来，抖音已成为中国流行音乐界的主要参与者。A. discovery发现；B. foundation基础；C. launch推出；D. structure结构。根据下文“in 2016, Douyin has risen to become a major player”可知，此处指抖音在2016年“推出”，开始上线。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其庞大而多样的用户群确保了几乎每一种音乐类型都能找到听众。A. ensures确保；B. doubts怀疑；C. denies否认；D. assumes假设。根据上文“Its enormous and varied user base”和下文“that almost every music genre can find an audience”可知，庞大且多样的用户群为不同音乐类型找到受众提供了保障，即“确保”了这一点。故选A。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，越来越多的艺术家选择抖音作为他们发布新曲的首选平台，渴望获得广泛流行。A. In effect实际上；B. In addition此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. As a result因此。根据上文“Its enormous and varied user base ____ that almost every music genre can find an audience.”和下文“an increasing number of artists are opting for Douyin as their preferred platform to release new tracks”可知，上文提到抖音的用户群能让各种音乐找到受众，这是原因，下文艺术家选择抖音发布新歌是结果，上下文为因果关系，用As a result。故选D。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：舞蹈挑战，即用户模仿为短歌片段编排的舞蹈，已经变得特别普遍。A. moderately适度地；B. equivalently等价地；C. particularly特别地；D. slightly轻微地。根据上文“Dance challenges, where users imitate choreographed (事先安排的) dances to short song excerpts, have become”、下文“widespread”可知，舞蹈挑战在抖音上的流行程度很高，用particularly修饰widespread，强调“尤为普遍”。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种转变已被证明对小型唱片公司有利，打破了大型唱片公司的主导地位，重塑了行业格局。A. neutral中立的；B. harmful有害的；C. beneficial有益的；D. irrelevant不相关的。根据下文“for smaller record labels, breaking the dominance held by major labels”可知，这种转变打破了大公司的主导，因此这种转变对小型唱片公司是“有益的”。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变已被证明对小型唱片公司有利，打破了大型唱片公司的主导地位，重塑了行业格局。A. triggering触发；B. reshaping重塑；C. exploring探索；D. underestimating低估。根据上文“This shift has proven ____ for smaller record labels, breaking the dominance held by major labels and”和下文“the industry’s landscape”可知，这种转变已被证明对小型唱片公司有利，打破了大型唱片公司的主导地位，行业的原有格局被打破，新的格局形成，即“重塑”了行业格局。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了接触抖音庞大的6亿用户群，大型唱片公司甚至降低了版权费。A. increased增加；B. maintained维持；C. lowered降低；D. oversaw监督。根据上文“To access Douyin’s massive user base of 600 million, major labels have even”和下文“their royalty fees”可知，大型唱片公司为了获得抖音的用户资源，采取了让利的措施，即“降低”版权费。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种转变也影响了我们与音乐的联系。A. impression印象；B. industry工业；C. accumulation积累；D. transformation转变。根据上文“This shift has proven ____ for smaller record labels, breaking the dominance held by major labels and ____ the industry’s landscape. To access Douyin’s massive user base of 600 million, major labels have even ____ their royalty fees (版权费). Nevertheless, this”和下文“also influences our bond with music”可知，上文主要讲述了抖音给音乐行业带来的一系列变化，即“转变”，此处指这种转变对人们与音乐联系的影响。故选D。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海行知实验中学・期中） Chinese Dama: The Worldwide Square Dancers These middle-aged women, often decked out in matching pink tracksuits and headbands, have been 16 in cities and towns across China, from the bustling squares of Beijing to the picturesque alleyways of Guilin, 17 passersby with their exuberant dance moves. But recently, this fad has spread its wings and reached beyond China’s borders, captivating the world with its charm and 18 . The phenomenon of Chinese Dama dancing in squares has received attention from all over the world. Media outlets from Hollywood to Hong Kong have been 19 this phenomenon, amazed by the women’s skills and unwavering spirit. Square dancing has always been part of Chinese culture and is considered a(n) 20 way of exercise and relaxation. But what sets these Dama apart is their infectious energy and their 21 to share their love for dance with the world. The dance moves themselves are 22 enough for anyone to learn, making it a great way for Dama to keep fit while also 23 with others. Synchronized dancing not only helps improve physical coordination but also promotes teamwork and social harmony. It’s no wonder then that this 24 has taken off so rapidly, resonating with people from all walks of life. The synchronized dance movements, energetic music, and the 25 atmosphere that emanates from within make people feel awe towards these Dama. These Chinese women have proven with their enthusiasm and vitality that 26 is just a number, and that it’s never too late to follow your dreams or pursue your passion. They have shown the world that dance is a universal 27 that anyone can learn, no matter their age or background. Dama dancing in squares is not only a colorful addition to China’s cultural landscape but also a(n) 28 that dance is a powerful tool for promoting well-being, unity, and joy. These Dama have become a(n) 29 to people around the world, reminding us that we can always find ways to keep active, connected, and happy, 30 our age or circumstances. 16．A．moved B．promoted C．quitted D．spotted 17．A．delighting B．dismissing C．distracting D．disturbing 18．A．costume B．energy C．history D．music 19．A．citing B．covering C．crediting D．criticizing 20．A．effective B．emotional C．encouraging D．exceptional 21．A．devotion B．emergency C．reluctance D．willingness 22．A．complicated B．powerful C．regretful D．simple 23．A．competing B．debating C．participating D．socializing 24．A．theft B．thread C．threat D．trend 25．A．jealous B．joyous C．noisy D．sorrowful 26．A．age B．crowd C．distance D．wealth 27．A．language B．performance C．style D．tradition 28．A．candidate B．donator C．participant D．reminder 29．A．declaration B．inspiration C．objective D．obstacle 30．A．however B．no matter C．regardless of D．Whether 【答案】 16．D 17．A 18．B 19．B 20．A 21．D 22．D 23．D 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国大妈广场舞风靡及传递的积极意义。 【详解】16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些中年女性，常常穿着统一的粉色运动服，戴着头带，在中国的城镇里随处可见——从北京繁华的广场到桂林风景如画的小巷，她们活力四射的舞姿让路人倍感愉悦。A. moved移动；B. promoted推广；C. quitted放弃；D. spotted被看见。根据下文“in cities and towns across China, from the bustling squares of Beijing to the picturesque alleyways of Guilin”可知，此处强调大妈们在各处都能被看到，故选D。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些中年女性，常常穿着统一的粉色运动服，戴着头带，在中国的城镇里随处可见——从北京繁华的广场到桂林风景如画的小巷，她们活力四射的舞姿让路人倍感愉悦。A. delighting使高兴；B. dismissing解散；C. distracting使分心；D. disturbing打扰。根据下文“passersby with their exuberant dance moves”和“captivating the world with its charm”可知，这些中年女性的活力四射的舞蹈应是吸引人的，让路人愉悦的，故选A。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近，这股热潮已然走出国门，以其独特的魅力与活力吸引着全世界的目光。A. costume服装；B. energy活力；C. history历史；D. music音乐。根据上文“with their exuberant dance moves”和“captivating the world with its charm and”可知，此处对应舞蹈传递的“活力”，与charm并列，体现吸引力，故选B。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从好莱坞到香港的媒体都在报道这一现象，她们的舞姿与坚定的精神令人惊叹。A. citing引用；B. covering报道；C. crediting归功于；D. criticizing批评。根据上文“Media outlets”可知，作为媒体机构，应对这一现象进行“报道”，故选B。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广场舞一直是中国文化的一部分，被认为是一种有效锻炼身体和放松身心的方式。A. effective有效的；B. emotional情感的；C. encouraging鼓舞人心的；D. exceptional杰出的。根据下文“exercise and relaxation”可知，此处强调广场舞在健身和放松方面的“有效”作用，故选A。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但让这些大妈们脱颖而出的，是她们极具感染力的活力，以及她们乐于向世界分享对舞蹈热爱的意愿。A. devotion奉献；B. emergency紧急情况；C. reluctance不情愿；D. willingness意愿。根据下文“share their love for dance”可知，她们有分享的“意愿”，此处指她们乐于向世界分享对舞蹈热爱的意愿。故选D。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：舞蹈动作本身足够简单，任何人都可以学习，这使得大妈们在保持健康的同时也能与他人社交。A. complicated复杂的；B. powerful有力的；C. regretful后悔的；D. simple简单的。根据下文“enough for anyone to learn”可知，任何人都可以学习，说明舞蹈动作是“简单的”，故选D。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：舞蹈动作本身足够简单，任何人都可以学习，这使得大妈们在保持健康的同时也能与他人社交。A. competing竞争；B. debating辩论；C. participating参与；D. socializing社交、交流。根据下文“with others. Synchronized dancing not only helps improve physical coordination but also promotes teamwork and social harmony.”可知，广场舞是群体活动，能让人们相互“交流”，有助于促进团队合作和社会和谐，故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：难怪这股潮流发展得如此迅速，引起了各行各业人们的共鸣。A. theft偷窃；B. thread线；C. threat威胁；D. trend潮流。根据下文“has taken off so rapidly, resonating with people from all walks of life”可知，广场舞发展得如此迅速，引起了各行各业人们的共鸣，成为一股潮流。故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整齐划一的动作、充满活力的音乐以及由内而外散发的愉悦氛围，都让人们对这些大妈们心生敬佩。A. jealous嫉妒的；B. joyous愉悦的；C. noisy吵闹的；D. sorrowful悲伤的。根据上文“exuberant dance”、“energetic music”可知，广场舞有欢快的舞蹈，充满活力的音乐，所以氛围应是“愉悦的”，故选B。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些中国女性用她们的热情与活力证明，年龄只是一个数字，追逐梦想、投身热爱永远不会太晚。A. age年龄；B. crowd人群；C. distance距离；D. wealth财富。根据下文“is just a number, and that it’s never too late to follow your dreams or pursue your passion”可知，此处强调的是“年龄”不是障碍，即年龄只是一个数字，追逐梦想、投身热爱永远不会太晚。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们向世界展示，舞蹈是一种通用语言，无论年龄大小、背景如何，任何人都能学习。A. language语言；B. performance表演；C. style风格；D. tradition传统。根据上文“dance is a universal”和下文“that anyone can learn, no matter their age or background”可知，无论年龄大小、背景如何，任何人都能学习，体现舞蹈的共通性，universal language“通用语言”为固定搭配，故选A。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大妈广场舞不仅为中国文化图景增添了绚丽色彩，也提醒着我们，舞蹈是促进健康、团结与欢乐的有力工具。A. candidate候选人；B. donator捐赠者；C. participant参与者；D. reminder提醒物。根据下文“that dance is a powerful tool for promoting well-being, unity, and joy”可知，此处指广场舞的“提醒”作用，故选D。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些大妈们已经成为全世界人们的榜样，提醒着我们，无论年龄或境遇如何，我们总能找到保持活力、与人相连、享受快乐的方式。A. declaration声明；B. inspiration鼓舞，榜样；C. objective目标；D. obstacle障碍。根据下文“to people around the world, reminding us that we can always find ways to keep active, connected, and happy”可知，大妈们对他人有积极影响，她们应是“鼓舞人心的榜样”，故选B。 30．考查固定短语辨析。句意：这些大妈们已经成为全世界人们的榜样，提醒着我们，无论年龄或境遇如何，我们总能找到保持活力、与人相连、享受快乐的方式。A. however然而（后接形容词/副词）；B. no matter无论（后接疑问词）；C. regardless of不管，无论（后接名词/名词短语）；D. whether是否。根据下文“our age or circumstances”可知，此处表示不管年龄或环境如何，且our age or circumstances是名词短语，用regardless of，故选C。 Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海浦东新区上海海事大学附属北蔡高级中学・期中） How E-Reading Threatens Learning in the Humanities For the past five years, I’ve been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus (与……对比) in print. The bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don’t intend to 31 or reread, text that requires what’s been called “deep reading” is nearly always better done in print. Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which 32 . My survey research with university students in the United States, Germany, and Japan reveals that if cost were the same, about 90 percent (at least in my sample) 33 hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For 34 texts, it’s a toss-up (难以定夺的事). Digital reading also 35 distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy. (The figure for Germany was 98 percent.) In this country, 26 percent indicated they were 36 to multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine 37 with Finnegan’s Wake while simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight. You get the point. Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly 38 . I asked what people liked most (and least) about reading in each medium. Common 39 for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.” When asked what they liked least about reading 40 , a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don’t absorb as much.” My all-time favorite reply to the question “What is the one thing you 41 about reading in print?” came from an American: “It takes me longer because I read more carefully.” Isn’t careful reading what academic was designed to promote? Which brings us back to the humanities? Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The 42 of digital reading for the humanities is that screens — particularly those on devices with Internet connections — undermine our encounters with meaty texts. These 43 weren’t designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading. 44 , they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming — not scrutinizing. Teachers and scholars must look beyond today’s career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities. We need to think more carefully about students’ mounting rejection of long-form reading, now 45 by digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry. 31．A．hurry through B．reflect on C．inquire about D．chew over 32．A．style B．medium C．page D．content 33．A．prefer B．keep C．share D．refuse 34．A．simpler B．clearer C．shorter D．newer 35．A．avoids B．encourages C．delays D．blocks 36．A．likely B．free C．difficult D．reluctant 37．A．comparing B．beginning C．struggling D．staying 38．A．interesting B．challenging C．working D．revealing 39．A．responses B．difficulties C．senses D．stories 40．A．normally B．physically C．digitally D．virtually 41．A．worry B．dislike C．favor D．complain 42．A．feature B．basic C．convenience D．challenge 43．A．texts B．forms C．devices D．subjects 44．A．Also B．Rather C．Instead D．Therefore 45．A．improved B．measured C．invented D．intensified 【答案】 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨电子阅读对人文科学学习的威胁，通过调查数据对比纸质阅读与电子阅读的差异，强调深度阅读更适合纸质媒介。 【详解】31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：归根结底，虽然数字设备适合阅读那些我们不打算仔细思考或重读的内容，但需要所谓“深度阅读”的文本几乎总是打印出来阅读更好。A. hurry through匆匆浏览；B. reflect on思考；C. inquire about询问；D. chew over仔细考虑。根据下文“deep reading” 知，此处与深度阅读相关，指需要仔细思考或重读的文本，故选D项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者自己很清楚哪种阅读方式最适合哪种媒介。A. style风格；B. medium媒介；C. page页面；D. content内容。全文围绕“纸质阅读（print）”和“电子阅读（digital devices）”两种媒介展开，此处指不同阅读适合不同媒介，故选B项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对美国、德国和日本大学生的调查研究显示，如果成本相同，大约 90%（至少在我的样本中）的学生更喜欢纸质版用于学业。A. prefer更喜欢；B. keep保持；C. share分享；D. refuse拒绝。根据下文“92 percent would choose hard copy”可知，此处指更喜欢纸质版，故选A项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于较短的文本，人们则难以定夺。A. simpler更简单的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. shorter更短的；D. newer更新的。根据上文“If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy”可知，此处与long形成对比，指较短的文本，故选C项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：电子阅读也会鼓励分心，并让人一心多用。A. avoids避免；B. encourages鼓励，助长；C. delays推迟；D. blocks阻碍。根据下文“multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen.”可知，电子阅读会助长分心行为，故选B项。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家，26%的人表示他们在阅读纸质书时可能同时处理多项任务，而在阅读电子屏幕时这一比例为85%。A. likely可能的；B. free自由的；C. difficult困难的；D. reluctant不情愿的。根据下文上文“Digital reading also 5 distraction and invites multitasking.”和下文“to multitask while reading in print”可知，此处指仅有26%的人表示在阅读纸质书籍时可能同时处理多项任务，故选A项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，一边努力阅读《芬尼根的守灵夜》，一边还要刷脸书、预订度假航班。A. comparing比较；B. beginning开始；C. struggling努力，艰难应对；D. staying停留。根据常识可知《芬尼根的守灵夜》以晦涩难懂著称，结合下文“simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight” 可知，此处指“艰难阅读”，故选C项。 38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我调查中的几个开放式问题尤其能揭示真相。A. interesting有趣的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. working起作用的；D. revealing有启发意义的，揭示真相的。根据下文“for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.””和“a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don’t absorb as much.””引用学生的具体回答可知，这些问题能反映真实情况，故选D项。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们最喜欢纸质阅读的常见回答包括 “我可以在书页上做笔记，更容易记住内容” 和 “更容易集中注意力”。A. responses回答，回应；B. difficulties困难；C. senses感觉；D. stories故事。根据上文“open-ended questions”可知，此处指学生对问题的回答，故选A项。 40．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他们最不喜欢电子阅读的什么时，许多日本学生表示这不是“真正的阅读”，而来自这三个国家的受访者都抱怨说他们“容易分心”或“吸收的内容不多”。A. normally正常地；B. physically身体上；C. digitally以电子方式；D. virtually实际上。全文对比纸质阅读和电子阅读，上文““I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.” ”讲纸质阅读的优点，此处对应讲电子阅读的缺点，故选C项。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直以来最喜欢的一个回答来自一位美国人，他回答“你最不喜欢纸质阅读的哪一点？”这个问题时说：“我读纸质书花的时间更长，因为我读得更仔细。”A. worry担心；B. dislike不喜欢；C. favor喜爱；D. complain抱怨。根据上文“When asked what they liked least about reading 10 , a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,”可知，此处指和上文“不喜欢电子阅读”呼应，指对“最不喜欢纸质阅读”这个问题的回答，且下文“Isn’t careful reading what academic was designed to promote?”也暗示那位美国人不喜欢纸质阅读。故选B项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人文科学电子阅读面临的挑战在于，屏幕 —— 尤其是那些联网设备的屏幕 —— 破坏了我们与厚重文本的接触。A. feature特征；B. basic基础；C. convenience便利；D. challenge挑战。文章标题为“How E-Reading Threatens Learning in the Humanities”，核心是电子阅读的威胁（挑战），此处与标题呼应，故选D项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些设备并非为专注、慢速阅读、暂停下来与作者进行虚拟争论或重读而设计。A. texts文本；B. forms形式；C. devices设备；D. subjects科目。根据上文“screens — particularly those on devices with Internet connections”可知，此处指电子设备，故选C项。 44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它们是信息和通信工具，最适合用于搜索和浏览 —— 而不是仔细研读。A. Also也；B. Rather相反，而是；C. Instead代替；D. Therefore因此。上文“weren’t designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading.”和下文“they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming — not scrutinizing.”是转折关系，rather“相反”，符合语境，故选B项。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要更仔细地思考学生对长篇阅读日益增长的排斥，如今数字技术加剧了这种排斥，使我们更难让学生参与到严肃的文本探究中。A. improved改善；B. measured测量；C. invented发明；D. intensified加剧，强化。根据下文“further complicate our struggle”可知，数字技术让问题更复杂，即“加剧”了学生对长篇阅读的排斥，故选D项。 Passage 4 （2526 高二上・上海彭浦中学・期中） Tricky Pictures With bold, swirling brushstrokes and vivid colors, Vincent van Gogh’s stirring Starry Night brings to life a unique sky. It’s one of the most famous paintings in the world. And 46 the scenic canvas (画布) can make museum visitors feel...starstruck. But seeing the masterpiece framed on a gallery wall isn’t the only way that art fans can experience its emotional impact. In fact, some exhibits give people a chance to be 47 by van Gogh’s celebrated scene. They find themselves enveloped by colors that dance before their eyes and ripple at their feet. These exhibitions, in which moving images are 48 projected onto walls, columns, floors, and sometimes onto viewers themselves, are examples of immersive art (沉浸式艺术). Immersive art doesn’t 49 a pedestal (基座) or hang on a wall next to a plaque (匾) printed with facts. And don’t expect it to fit in a frame or 50 familiar expectations. While immersive art can be hard to characterize, it is generally a multi-sensory, 51 experience that engages viewers and makes them feel like part of the artwork. One thing is certain — immersive art is 52 popular, selling out tickets in cities around the world. Van Gogh sold just one painting during his lifetime and only gained 53 after his death, but now he is immersive art’s biggest superstar. The 19th century painter’s work has been displayed in a lot of exhibitions featuring immense images furnished with animation and 54 by music, voices, and background sound. Another interactive hot spot with a DIY vibe is The House of Eternal Return in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The venue (场所) is 55 to over 70 rooms of surreal art. It’s run by the artistic cooperative Meow Wolf, which describes the project as a multidimensional mystery house with secret passages (通道) and 56 to magical worlds. “ 57 , what looks like a perfectly normal refrigerator door is the gateway to a hidden tunnel… and an unusual artistic adventure. The growing awareness of immersive art is partly 58 by social media. As visitors post selfies filled with van Gogh’s intense palette (色彩搭配), these experiences draw bigger and bigger crowds. Meanwhile, traditional artists are beginning to follow the trend, 59 immersive techniques and technologies in their works. That’s because many curators and creators share a 60 goal to help more people get into art! 46．A．commenting on B．gazing at C．heading for D．adding to 47．A．surrounded B．favored C．exhausted D．pursued 48．A．essentially B．digitally C．practically D．bitterly 49．A．rest on B．frame on C．depend on D．fix on 50．A．stand out B．figure out C．stick to D．distinguish with 51．A．plain B．logical C．harmonious D．interactive 52．A．unexpectedly B．eventually C．partially D．undoubtedly 53．A．recognition B．vision C．devotion D．definition 54．A．launched B．accompanied C．constructed D．urged 55．A．home B．intention C．relief D．mission 56．A．mottos B．origins C．links D．talents 57．A．However B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．For instance 58．A．powered B．buried C．permitted D．adapted 59．A．employing B．recognizing C．emphasizing D．breathing 60．A．common B．distinctive C．awkward D．desperate 【答案】 46．B 47．A 48．B 49．A 50．C 51．D 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．A 56．C 57．D 58．A 59．A 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了沉浸式艺术的特点、案例及其受欢迎的原因。 【详解】46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：凝视着风景如画的画布，会让博物馆的参观者感到……目眩神迷。A. commenting on评论；B. gazing at凝视；C. heading for前往；D. adding to增加。根据后文“the scenic canvas (画布) can make museum visitors feel...starstruck.”和常识可知，欣赏美术作品需要用眼睛看，所以“凝视”画布会让人目眩神迷。故选B项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，一些展览让人们有机会被梵高笔下的著名的场景所包围。A. surrounded包围；B. favored偏爱；C. exhausted使筋疲力尽；D. pursued追求。根据后文“They find themselves enveloped by colors that dance before their eyes and ripple at their feet.”和“examples of immersive art (沉浸式艺术).”可知，沉浸式艺术是让人们被画家笔下的场景包围，沉浸其中。故选A项。 48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些展览中，动态图像以数字方式投射到墙壁、柱子、地板上，有时甚至投射到观众自己身上，是沉浸式艺术的例子。A. essentially本质上；B. digitally数字地；C. practically实际上；D. bitterly苦涩地。根据前文“moving images”和后文“projected onto walls, columns, floors, and sometimes onto viewers themselves”可知，展览中的图像是可以移动的，结合常识，这是以数字方式进行的投射。故选B项。 49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：沉浸式艺术并非立于基座之上，也非悬挂于印满说明文字的标牌旁。A. rest on存放于上；B. frame on框住；C. depend on依靠；D. fix on固定。根据前文“These exhibitions, in which moving images are projected onto walls, columns, floors, and sometimes onto viewers themselves, are examples of immersive art (沉浸式艺术).”可知，沉浸式艺术以数字方式对图像进行的投射，可以投射到任何地方，所以它不需要像传统画展一样，把画放在基座上。故选A项。 50．考查动词短语辨析。句意：并且别指望它会装裱在画框里，或是遵循人们熟悉的预期。A. stand out突出；B. figure out弄清楚；C. stick to遵守，坚持；D. distinguish with区分。根据上文“Immersive art doesn’t a pedestal (基座) or hang on a wall next to a plaque (匾) printed with facts.”和“And don’t expect it to fit in a frame or”可知，沉浸式艺术和传统艺术形式不同，不会遵循人们对传统艺术的期待。故选C项。 51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然沉浸式艺术很难描述，但它通常是一种多感官、互动的体验，让观众感觉自己成为了艺术品的一部分。A. plain朴素的；B. logical逻辑的；C. harmonious和谐的；D. interactive互动的。根据前文“They find themselves enveloped by colors that dance before their eyes and ripple at their feet.”和后文“engages viewers and makes them feel like part of the artwork”可知，沉浸式艺术是互动的体验。故选D项。 52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一件事是肯定的——沉浸式艺术无疑很受欢迎，在世界各地的城市都售罄了门票。A. unexpectedly意外地；B. eventually最终；C. partially部分地；D. undoubtedly无疑地。根据后文“selling out tickets in cities around the world”可知，沉浸式艺术门票在世界各地销售一空，所以它无疑是受欢迎的。故选D项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：梵高在世时只卖出了一幅画，死后才获得认可，但现在他是沉浸式艺术领域最大的超级明星。A. recognition认可；B. vision视力；C. devotion奉献；D. definition定义。根据前文“Van Gogh sold just one painting during his lifetime”和后文“after his death, but now he is immersive art’s biggest superstar.”可知，梵高的作品在他在世时并不受欢迎，但现在成了沉浸式艺术领域最大的超级明星，说明他是死后才获得认可。故选A项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位19世纪画家的作品已经在许多展览中展出，这些展览展示了巨大的图像，配有动画，并伴有音乐、声音和背景音。A. launched发起；B. accompanied伴随，伴奏；C. constructed建造；D. urged敦促。根据后文“by music, voices, and background sound”可知，展览中的影像通常会搭配音效来增强体验感。故选B项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该场所是70多间超现实艺术房间的所在地。A. home家，所在地；B. intention意图；C. relief宽慰；D. mission任务。根据后文“to over 70 rooms of surreal art”可知，是超现实艺术房间的所在地；be home to“是……所在地”。故选A项。 56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它由艺术合作社Meow Wolf运营，该项目被描述为一个多维神秘屋，有秘密通道和通往神奇世界的路线。A. mottos座右铭；B. origins起源；C. links链接，交通路线；D. talents才能。根据后文“to magical worlds”和“what looks like a perfectly normal refrigerator door is the gateway to a hidden tunnel… and an unusual artistic adventure”可知，有通往神奇世界的路线。故选C项。 57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，看起来完全正常的冰箱门是通往隐藏隧道的通道……以及一场不同寻常的艺术冒险。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. For instance例如。后文“what looks like a perfectly normal refrigerator door is the gateway to a hidden tunnel… and an unusual artistic adventure”是对前文中“secret passages (通道) and to magical worlds”的举例说明，是在举例。故选D项。 58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沉浸式艺术关注度的不断提升，部分是由社交媒体推动的。A. powered驱动，推动；B. buried埋葬；C. permitted允许；D. adapted适应。根据后文“by social media”和“As visitors post selfies filled with van Gogh’s intense palette (色彩搭配), these experiences draw bigger and bigger crowds.”可知，游客在社交媒体上上传满是梵高画作的自拍照，吸引越来越多的人，所以它是被社交媒体推动。故选A项。 59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，传统艺术家开始追随这一趋势，在他们的作品中运用沉浸式技术和技巧。A. employing采用；B. recognizing识别；C. emphasizing强调；D. breathing呼吸。根据前文“traditional artists are beginning to follow the trend”和后文“immersive techniques and technologies in their works”可推知，传统艺术家开始采用沉浸式技术。故选A项。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是因为许多策展人和创作者都有一个共同的目标，那就是帮助更多的人接触艺术！A. common共同的；B. distinctive独特的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. desperate绝望的。根据后文“goal to help more people get into art”可知，这是策展人和创作者的共同目标。故选A项。 Passage 5 （2526 高二上・上海风华中学・期中） How an Allowance Helps Children Learn About Money Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (零花钱). The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very 61 . The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish 62 from family to family. 63 is another consideration with some children getting a weekly allowance and others given a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should 64 what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a(n) 65 . Parents are usually advised not to 66 more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that 67 need to be made between spending and saving. Older children may be 68 enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics. Allowances give children a chance to 69 the things they can do with money. They can share the money in the 70 of gifts or give to a good cause, spend it by buying things they want, or save and maybe even invest it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require 71 : you have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save 72 of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal 73 . A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest (复利). Interest rates on savings can be very low these days, but compounding 74 by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot, but over time it 75 . 61．A．costly B．forgivable C．likely D．public 62．A．benefits B．differs C．increases D．passes 63．A．Means B．Purpose C．Quality D．Timing 64．A．come across B．cover up C．give up D．make clear 65．A．area B．budget C．period D．position 66．A．donate B．lend C．offer D．pay 67．A．breaks B．changes C．charges D．choices 68．A．afraid B．dependent C．fortunate D．responsible 69．A．collect B．demonstrate C．experience D．name 70．A．form B．mode C．pattern D．type 71．A．innovation B．obedience C．research D．sacrifice 72．A．all B．little C．none D．part 73．A．achievement B．finance C．identity D．relationship 74．A．exercises B．reacts C．reduces D．works 75．A．adds up B．carries on C．fades away D．takes over 【答案】 61．A 62．B 63．D 64．D 65．B 66．C 67．D 68．D 69．C 70．A 71．D 72．D 73．B 74．D 75．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孩子得到零花钱之后的处理方式及父母应该给孩子零花钱并且教会孩子管理自己的钱财，要学会储蓄把钱花在有意义的地方。 【详解】61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样做的目的是让孩子们在财务错误代价不高的年龄从经验中学习。A. costly昂贵的，花费或代价大的；B. forgivable可原谅的；C. likely可能的；D. public公共的。根据上文“The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age”可知，孩童时期学会管钱犯错成本会很小。故选A项。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母给孩子让他们随心所欲地花的钱数在每个家庭都不一样。A. benefits受益；使受益；B. differs不同；C. increases增长；D. passes经过。根据下文“from family to family”可知，每个家庭给孩子的零花钱数每家都是不同的。故选B项。 63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：时间安排是另一个需要考虑的问题，有些孩子每周得到零花钱，有些孩子每月得到零花钱。A. Means方法，手段；B. Purpose目的；C. Quality质量，品质；D. Timing时间。根据下文“with some children getting a weekly allowance and others given a monthly allowance.”可知，本句在讲每个家庭给孩子零花钱的时间节点也是不一样的，有的每周给一次，有的每月给一次。故选D项。 64．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在任何情况下，父母都应该弄清楚，如果有的话，孩子应该用这笔钱来支付什么。A. come across偶遇；B. cover up掩盖，掩饰；C. give up放弃；D. make clear讲清楚，弄明白。根据下文宾语从句“what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money”可知，家长应该清楚知道孩子花钱买的是什么。故选D项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他们这样做，就会惨痛地学到一个教训 —— 消费必须在预算范围内进行。A. area地区，面积；B. budget预算；C. period时期，阶段；D. position位置，职位。根据上文“At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it.”可知，如果孩子刚得到的钱就一下子都花了，就应该得到教训，知道花钱应该有预算。故选B项。 66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母通常被建议在下次零用钱之前不要给更多的钱。A. donate捐赠；B. lend借；C. offer提供；D. pay支付。根据上文“At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a(n) 　　5　　.”可知，此处建议父母如果发现孩子花钱没有计划，刚得到就花光了，就应该给孩子一个教训：不要再给他钱，直到下次应该给零花钱的时候。故选C项。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目的是向年轻人表明，在消费和储蓄之间需要做出选择。A. breaks休息时间；B. changes变化；C. charges费用，起诉；D. choices选择。根据下文“need to be made between spending and saving.”可知，孩子应该在花钱和储蓄之间做出选择。故选D项。 68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大一点的孩子可能会有足够的责任心，为买衣服或电子产品等大件物品存钱。A. afraid害怕的；B. dependent依赖的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. responsible负责任的。根据下文“to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.”可知，把零花钱攒着用来买衣服和电子产品这些大件物品是一种负责任的表现。故选D项。 69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：零花钱让孩子们有机会体验用钱可以做的事情。A. collect收集；B. demonstrate演示，证明；C. experience体验，经历；D. name命名。根据下文“They can share the money in the 　　10　　 of gifts or give to a good cause, spend it by buying things they want, or save and maybe even invest it.”可知，给孩子零花钱让他们可以支配是给孩子机会亲身体验到钱的用处。故选C项。 70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可以把钱以礼物的形式分享，或者捐给慈善事业，买他们想要的东西，或者存起来，甚至投资。A. form形式，表格；B. mode方式，模式；C. pattern图案，模式；D. type类型。根据后面宾语“gifts”可知，可以用钱买成礼物，以礼物的形式送给别人，短语in the form of意为“以……的形式”符合语境。故选A项。 71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：储蓄帮助孩子们明白，昂贵的目标需要牺牲：你必须削减成本，为未来做计划。A. innovation创新；B. obedience服从；C. research研究；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据下文“you have to cut costs”可知，削减不必要的开销为大的目标存钱，也是一种牺牲。故选D项。 72．考查代词及名词词义辨析。句意：要求孩子们存一部分零用钱也可以为未来的储蓄和投资打开大门。A. all全部，所有；B. little几乎没有，很少；C. none一个没有；D. part部分。根据空前的动词“save”及下文“can also open the door to future saving and investing.”可知，此处建议教会孩子储蓄，所以应该是存起一部分零花钱用来储蓄。故选D项。 73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多银行提供帮助儿童和青少年学习个人理财的服务。A. achievement成就；B. finance金融，财务；C. identity身份；D. relationship关系。根据上文“Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about”可知，银行提供的是金融或理财的服务。故选B项。 74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在储蓄的利率可能很低，但复利是通过给利息支付利息来实现的。A. exercises练习；锻炼；B. reacts反应；C. reduces降低，减少；D. works起作用，奏效，成功。根据空前主语“compounding”及后面方式状语“by paying interest on interest”可知，后面是复利的实现方式。故选D项。 75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这可能看起来不多，但随着时间的推移，它会累积起来。A. adds up加起来；B. carries on继续；C. fades away逐渐消失；D. takes over接管。根据前面时间状语“over time”可知，复利模式下利息在长时间的积累后合计起来也会是很大一笔钱。故选A项。 话题3 人工智能（共3篇） Passage 1 （2526 高二上・上海崇明中学・期中） In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress, changing how we work, live, and connect. Today, AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans; it can now act 1 , completing tasks and making decisions. This shift marks the beginning of a “digital labor revolution.” AI agents, powered by machine learning, can generate text, compose music, and design images. These agents can work on their own, 2 with other AI systems, or assist humans. Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks, AI agents have the potential to perform 3 jobs, increasing productivity across industries. AI-driven automation has the power to transform economies. By taking over repetitive and routine tasks, AI allows workers to focus on creative and 4 activities. This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation. In fact, AI-driven productivity increased by 2.2% in the third quarter of 2024. However, the rise of AI also raises 5 . As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality. Historically, though, technological advancements have created more jobs than they have 6 . In 1950, 43 million Americans had jobs; by 2020, that number had risen to 152 million. The key to managing this transition is education — training people to work alongside AI and developing new 7 . AI’s impact goes beyond business. It can be used to expand opportunities for education and career development. For example, the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to 8 students with college applications. This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive 9 . Similarly, AI is improving the job application process. The Adecco Group, a global human resources company, now uses AI to quickly 10 job seekers with employers. This reduces waiting times and helps more people find 11 employment. The future of AI depends on how we use it. If applied responsibly, AI can improve efficiency, create opportunities, and 12 human potential. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility, and 13 . Standing at the edge of this new era, we must embrace AI with 14 . Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide. The key is to balance innovation with 15 , ensuring that AI serves humanity in the best possible way. 1．A．independently B．passively C．randomly D．temporarily 2．A．argue B．compare C．compete D．cooperate 3．A．boring B．complex C．dangerous D．simple 4．A．physical B．repetitive C．daily D．strategic 5．A．benefits B．concerns C．hopes D．difficulties 6．A．created B．eliminated C．ignored D．lost 7．A．challenges B．industries C．problems D．theories 8．A．assist B．confuse C．discourage D．replace 9．A．criticism B．guidance C．pressure D．rejection 10．A．compare B．compete C．match D．separate 11．A．part-time B．temporary C．stressful D．suitable 12．A．develop B．limit C．ignore D．waste 13．A．competition B．cost C．safety D．speed 14．A．confidence B．doubt C．fear D．hesitation 15．A．profit B．benefit C．responsibility D．tradition 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的发展、影响及应对策略。 【详解】1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，人工智能不仅仅是一种预测或辅助人类的工具；它现在可以独立行动，完成任务并做出决策。A. independently独立地；B. passively被动地；C. randomly随机地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据前文“AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans”以及后文“completing tasks and making decisions”可知，人工智能可以独立行动，完成任务并做出决策。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些代理可以独立工作，与其他人工智能系统合作，或协助人类。A. argue争论；B. compare比较；C. compete竞争；D. cooperate合作。根据后文“with other AI systems”可知，这些代理可以与其他人工智能系统合作。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与传统的自动化取代简单任务不同，人工智能代理有潜力执行复杂的工作，提高各行业的生产力。A. boring无聊的；B. complex复杂的；C. dangerous危险的；D. simple简单的。根据前文“Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks”及后文“increasing productivity across industries”可知，人工智能代理有潜力执行复杂的工作，从而提高各行业的生产力。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过接管重复和例行的工作，人工智能让员工能够专注于创造性和战略性的活动。A. physical身体的；B. repetitive重复的；C. daily日常的；D. strategic战略的。根据前文“focus on creative and”以及后文“This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation.”可知，人工智能接管了重复和例行的工作，让员工能够专注于创造性和战略性的活动。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人工智能的兴起也引发了担忧。A. benefits利益；B. concerns担忧；C. hopes希望；D. difficulties困难。根据后文“As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality.”可知，人工智能的兴起也引发了担忧。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，从历史上看，技术进步创造的就业机会多于消除的就业机会。A. created创造；B. eliminated消除；C. ignored忽视；D. lost丢失。根据前文“technological advancements have created more jobs than they have”可知，技术进步创造的就业机会多于消除的就业机会，eliminated与created对应。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：管理这一转变的关键是教育——培训人们与人工智能一起工作，并开发新的行业。A. challenges挑战；B. industries行业；C. problems问题；D. theories理论。根据前文“technological advancements have created more jobs”及“training people to work alongside AI”可知，为适配AI时代，需开拓新的就业领域即新行业。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，非营利组织College Possible使用一个人工智能驱动的虚拟顾问来协助学生申请大学。A. assist协助；B. confuse使困惑；C. discourage使气馁；D. replace代替。根据后文“This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive  ___9___.”可知，虚拟顾问的作用是帮助学生。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术有助于弥合学生与工作过度的人类顾问之间的差距，确保更多的学生得到指导。A. criticism批评；B. guidance指导；C. pressure压力；D. rejection拒绝。根据前文“the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to  ___8___  students with college applications”可知，虚拟顾问协助学生做大学申请，其核心是为学生提供申请相关的指导。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球人力资源公司德科集团现在使用人工智能快速将求职者与雇主匹配。A. compare比较；B. compete竞争；C. match匹配；D. separate分开。根据后文“job seekers with employers”可知，人力资源公司的核心工作是为求职者和雇主搭建匹配桥梁。故选C。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这减少了等待时间，帮助更多的人找到合适的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. temporary暂时的；C. stressful有压力的；D. suitable合适的。根据前文“This reduces waiting times and helps more people find”及后文“ employment”可知，人工智能帮助更多的人找到合适的工作。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果负责任地应用，人工智能可以提高效率，创造机会，开发人类潜力。A. develop开发；B. limit限制；C. ignore忽视；D. waste浪费。根据后文“human potential”可知，人工智能可以开发人类潜力。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府、企业和研究人员必须共同努力，确保人工智能的道德发展，促进公平、责任和安全。A. competition竞争；B. cost成本；C. safety安全；D. speed速度。根据前文“to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility”及“However, the rise of AI also raises  ___5___”可知，对于利用人工智能，有一定的担忧，故而政府、企业和研究人员必须共同努力，促进公平、责任和安全。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：站在这个新时代的边缘，我们必须满怀信心地拥抱人工智能。A. confidence信心；B. doubt怀疑；C. fear害怕；D. hesitation犹豫。根据后文“Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide.”可知，对待AI应持积极接纳的态度，所以我们必须满怀信心地拥抱人工智能。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键是在创新与责任之间取得平衡，确保人工智能以最佳方式为人类服务。A. profit利润；B. benefit利益；C. responsibility责任；D. tradition传统。根据前文“The key is to balance innovation with”以及“to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility”可知，AI发展需兼顾创新和责任，确保人工智能以最佳方式为人类服务，responsibility为原词复现。故选C。 Passage 2 （2526 高二上・上海交大附中嘉定分校・期中） Want a job with a successful multinational? You will face lots of 16 . Two years ago Goldman Sachs received a quarter of a million applications from students and graduates, which are a 17 problem for companies. If a team of five Goldman human-resources staff, working 12 hours every day, including weekends, spent five minutes on each application, they would take nearly a year to complete the task of sifting(筛选) through the 18 . Little wonder that most large firms use a computer program, or algorithm (算法), when it comes to 19 candidates seeking junior jobs. And that means applicants would 20 from knowing exactly what the algorithms are looking for. Victoria McLean set up a business called City CV, which helps job candidates with applications. She says the applicant-tracking systems (ATS) 21 up to 75% of CVs, or résumés, before a human sees them. Such systems are 22 for keywords that meet the employer’s criteria. One tip is to study the language used in the job advertisement; if the 23 PM are used for project management, then make sure PM appears in your CV. 24 the ATS stage may not be the job hunter’s only technological barrier. Many companies, including Vodafone and Intel, use a video-interview service called HireVue. Candidates are quizzed while an artificial-intelligence (AI) program analyses their facial expressions (maintaining eye contact with the camera is 25 ) and language patterns (sounding confident is the trick). Only if they pass that test will the applicants meet some humans. You might expect AI programs to be able to avoid some of the biases of 26 recruitment methods — particularly the tendency for interviewers to favour candidates who resemble the interviewer. 27 , discrimination can show up in unexpected ways. Anja Lambrecht and Catherine Tucker, two economists, placed adverts promoting jobs in science, technology, engineering and math on Facebook. They found that the ads were less likely to be shown to women than to men. This was not due to a conscious bias on the part of the Facebook algorithm. Rather, young women are a more valuable demographic group on Facebook (because they control a high share of household spending) and thus ads targeting them are more 28 . The algorithm 29 targeted pages where the return on investment is highest: for men, not women. Apart from potential bias in AI system, companies also need to consider whether the programs do more than just simplify the process. For instance, do successful candidates have long and productive careers? Staff churn (流失), 30 , is one of the biggest recruitment costs that firms face. 16．A．difficulties B．questions C．competition D．tasks 17．A．complex B．underlying C．technical D．practical 18．A．pile B．crop C．mass D．project 19．A．screening B．examining C．interviewing D．appointing 20．A．recover B．suffer C．learn D．benefit 21．A．forward B．reject C．exclude D．select 22．A．arguing B．allowing C．answering D．hunting 23．A．capitals B．captains C．initials D．shortages 24．A．Passing B．Completing C．Sustaining D．Competing 25．A．noticeable B．avoidable C．visible D．advisable 26．A．intentional B．innovative C．favorable D．conventional 27．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Besides D．However 28．A．expensive B．affordable C．profitable D．competitive 29．A．professionally B．naturally C．arguably D．unfortunately 30．A．in turn B．after all C．all in all D．above all 【答案】 16．C 17．D 18．A 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．D 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了跨国企业在招聘中面临的挑战，特别是如何通过算法和人工智能筛选大量求职申请，同时分析了这些技术可能带来的偏见问题。 【详解】16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你会面临诸多竞争。A. difficulties困难；B. questions问题；C. competition竞争；D. tasks任务。根据下文“Goldman Sachs received a quarter of a million applications”可知，求职者众多，竞争很激烈。故选C。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两年前，高盛收到了25万份来自学生和毕业生的申请，这对企业来说是个实际的难题。A. complex复杂的；B. underlying潜在的；C. technical技术的；D. practical实际的。根据下文“If a team of five Goldman human-resources staff, working 12 hours every day, including weekends, spent five minutes on each application, they would take nearly a year to complete the task of sifting through the .”可知，要把这些申请全部人工筛选完耗时太长，这对企业而言是个很实际的问题。故选D。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果高盛的一个五人人力资源团队每天工作12小时，包括周末，在每份申请上花5分钟，他们需要将近一年的时间才能完成这堆筛选任务。A. pile堆；B. crop作物；C. mass大量；D. project项目。根据上文“Goldman Sachs received a quarter of a million applications”可知，求职申请众多，堆积如山。故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：难怪大多数大公司在筛选申请初级岗位的候选人时，都会使用电脑程序或算法。A. screening筛选；B. examining检查；C. interviewing面试；D. appointing任命。根据上文“If a team of five Goldman human-resources staff, working 12 hours every day, including weekends, spent five minutes on each application, they would take nearly a year to complete the task of sifting through the .”可知，人工筛选求职者不切实际，因此大公司转而使用电脑程序或算法来筛选候选人。故选A。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着求职者若确切知道算法的筛选标准，将会从中受益。A. recover恢复；B. suffer遭受；C. learn学习；D. benefit受益。根据上文“most large firms use a computer program, or algorithm, when it comes to candidates seeking junior jobs.”可知，大公司使用电脑程序或算法来筛选候选人，因此求职者若确切知道算法的筛选标准，将会提高通过筛选的可能，因此会从中受益。故选D。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，申请人跟踪系统会在人工查看之前就拒绝多达75%的简历。A. forward转交；B. reject拒绝；C. exclude排除；D. select选择。根据上文“most large firms use a computer program, or algorithm, when it comes to candidates seeking junior jobs.”可知，大公司使用电脑程序或算法来筛选候选人，因此这个简历筛选系统会在人工查看之前就淘汰大多数的简历，此处指的是系统筛选符合条件的求职者之后拒绝不合格者，exclude侧重故意排除或从名单中移除，不符合句意。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这类系统会搜寻符合雇主标准的关键词。A. arguing争论；B. allowing允许；C. answering回答；D. hunting搜寻。根据上文“Victoria McLean set up a business called City CV, which helps job candidates with applications.”及下文“One tip is to study the language used in the job advertisement; if the PM are used for project management, then make sure PM appears in your CV.”可知，维多利亚・麦克莱恩创办了一家名为“城市简历”的公司，帮助求职者改进他们的申请以顺利通过系统的筛选，而其中的一条建议是研究招聘广告中使用的语言表述，比如像PM这样的关键词要出现在相关的简历中，由此可推出，系统会搜寻符合雇主标准的关键词。故选D。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个技巧是研究招聘广告中使用的表述；如果项目管理的首字母缩写是PM，那就要确保你的简历中出现PM这个缩写。A. capitals首都；B. captains船长；C. initials首字母缩写；D. shortages短缺。根据下文“PM are used for project management”可知，PM是项目管理的首字母缩写。故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过申请人跟踪系统的筛选阶段或许并非求职者面临的唯一技术障碍。A. Passing通过；B. Completing完成；C. Sustaining维持；D. Competing竞争。根据上文“Victoria McLean set up a business called City CV, which helps job candidates with applications.”可知，维多利亚・麦克莱恩创办了一家名为“城市简历”的公司，专门为求职者提供申请方面的帮助，以帮助求职者顺利通过申请人跟踪系统的筛选，故选A。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：候选人在接受提问时，人工智能程序会分析他们的面部表情（与镜头保持眼神交流是明智的做法）和语言模式（听起来自信是诀窍）。A. noticeable明显的；B. avoidable可避免的；C. visible可见的；D. advisable明智的。根据上文“Candidates are quizzed while an artificial-intelligence (AI) program analyses their facial expressions”可知，候选人在接受提问时，人工智能程序会分析他们的面部表情，根据常识可知，求职时保持眼神交流更容易被录取，因此是明智的做法。故选D。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能会认为人工智能程序能够避免一些传统招聘方式的偏见——尤其是面试官倾向于偏爱与自己相似的候选人这一点。A. intentional故意的；B. innovative创新的；C. favorable有利的；D. conventional传统的。根据下文“particularly the tendency for interviewers to favour candidates who resemble the interviewer.”可知，面试官倾向于偏爱与自己相似的候选人指的是传统的招聘方式中的偏见。故选D。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，歧视仍会以出人意料的方式显现出来。A. Therefore因此；B. Rather相反；C. Besides此外；D. However然而。根据上文“You might expect AI programs to be able to avoid some of the biases of recruitment methods”及下文“discrimination can show up in unexpected ways.”可知，前文认为人工智能能避免传统招聘的偏见，后文指出歧视仍会以意外方式出现，二者构成转折关系。故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，年轻女性在脸书上是更有价值的人群（因为她们掌握着家庭支出的很大一部分），因此针对她们的广告也更昂贵。A. expensive昂贵的；B. affordable负担得起的；C. profitable盈利的；D. competitive有竞争力的。根据上文“young women are a more valuable demographic group on Facebook (because they control a high share of household spending)”可知，年轻女性掌握着家庭支出的很大一部分，她们在脸书上是更有价值的人群，因此针对她们的广告也更昂贵。故选A。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：算法会自然地瞄准投资回报率最高的页面：针对男性的页面，而非女性的。A. professionally专业地；B. naturally自然地；C. arguably可论证地；D. unfortunately不幸地。根据上文“Rather, young women are a more valuable demographic group on Facebook (because they control a high share of household spending) and thus ads targeting them are more .”可知，年轻女性掌握着家庭支出的很大一部分，她们在脸书上是更有价值的人群，针对她们的广告会更昂贵，因此算法会自然地优先投资回报高的男性页面。故选B。 30．考查副词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，员工流失是企业面临的最大招聘成本之一。A. in turn反过来；B. after all毕竟；C. all in all总而言之；D. above all最重要的是。根据上文“Apart from potential bias in AI system, companies also need to consider whether the programs do more than just simplify the process. For instance, do successful candidates have long and productive careers? ”可知，前文指出企业还需要考虑被录用的候选人是否能在企业干得长久且富有成效，此处用after all来强调毕竟员工流失是企业面临的最大招聘成本之一。故选B。 Passage 3 （2526 高二上・上海育才中学・期中） Why Do AI Chatbots Use So Much Energy? In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT have exploded in popularity, along which comes a massive amount of energy. Across the world, data centers 31 around 1.5% of global energy consumption. These numbers are 32 to skyrocket, at least doubling by 2030 as the demand for AI grows. But what makes AI chatbots so energy 33 ? The answer lies in the massive scale of AI chatbots. In particular, there are two parts of AI that use the most energy: training and 34 , said Mosharaf Chowdhury, a computer scientist at the University of Michigan. To train AI chatbots, large language models (LLMs) are given 35 datasets so the AI can learn, recognize patterns and make predictions. In general, there is a “bigger is better belief” with AI training, de Vries-Gao said, where bigger models that 36 more data are thought to make better predictions. Training an LLM usually requires multiple servers, each of which has an average of eight GPUs, which then run for weeks or months. Altogether, this 37 mountains of energy: It’s estimated that training OpenAI’s GPT-4 used 50 gigawatt-hours of energy, 38 powering San Francisco for three days. Inference also consumes a lot of energy. This is where an AI chatbot draws a conclusion from what it has learned and generates an output from a request. Although it takes 39$