Unit 5 Section B 1a-3c （导学案）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B（1a-3c）导学案 1.能识别并朗读与发明创新主题相关词汇：reality, papermaking, responsible, rapid, shape, create, invention, produce 等；能理解介绍发明故事的核心句型；读懂一般过去时被动语态，理解代词指代的阅读策略。（学习理解） 2.能在阅读活动中捕捉发明相关的关键信息，完成段落匹配、语篇填空任务；能模仿文本，运用目标句型介绍发明故事，熟练运用一般过去时被动语态描述发明过程。（应用实践） 3.能根据提示完成简短口头汇报，分享一项感兴趣的发明，包含至少 4 个要素（Inventor, Time, Process, Influence）；能结合自身实例交流创新带来的启发，提升语言综合运用能力。（迁移创新） 重点：1.掌握本单元核心句型，熟练掌握一般过去时被动语态句型。 2.掌握重点词汇词形拓展；掌握代词指代的阅读策略与语篇理解。 难点： 1.有条理地复述、介绍各类发明故事，把发明背景、实例和个人感悟结合表达。 2.在语境中准确区分、灵活运用主动语态与被动语态。 一、单词拼写 1．Many world-changing inventions come from simple but great ideas in r________ (现实；事实). 【答案】reality/eality 【详解】句意：许多改变世界的发明在现实中（实际上）来自于简单而伟大的想法。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词in的宾语；根据中文提示“现实；事实”可知，结合首字母“r”，对应的英文为名词reality；in reality为固定短语，表示“事实上；在现实中”，符合语境。 2．For this new invention project, he is r________ (有责任的) and spends most of his free time on it. 【答案】responsible/esponsible 【详解】句意：对于这个新发明项目，他很有责任心，把大部分空闲时间都投入其中。句中is是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语；中文提示“有责任的”，首字母为r，对应的形容词是responsible，故填responsible。 3．The progress of science is r________ (迅速的), and it shows us how powerful people’s creative ideas are. 【答案】rapid/apid 【详解】句意：科学的进步是迅速的，它向我们展示了人们创造性想法的力量有多么强大。空处在be动词is后面，此处需要填写形容词作表语；首字母为r，汉语提示“迅速的”，对应的单词为rapid。 4．We can see many different kinds of plant f________ (纤维；纤维素) in this old paper. 【答案】 fibers/ibers 【详解】句意：在这张旧纸上我们能看到许多不同种类的植物纤维。根据中文提示“纤维；纤维素”和首字母提示“f”可知，此处填fiber。many different kinds of（许多不同种类的）后面接可数名词复数。fiber变成复数形式为fibers。 5．The telephone is an important c________ (创造；作品) that helps people communicate with others far away easily. 【答案】creation/reation 【详解】句意：电话是一项重要的创造（作品），它帮助人们轻松地与远方的人交流。该处需一个名词，在句中作表语；根据中文提示“创造；作品”可知，结合首字母“c”，对应的名词为creation；空前有不定冠词an与形容词important修饰，且后文定语从句谓语动词helps提示先行词为单数，需用可数名词单数形式。 6．Bad habits can l________ (导致；造成) to many kinds of illnesses, so we should form good living habits. 【答案】lead/ead 【详解】句意：坏习惯会导致多种疾病，所以我们应该养成良好的生活习惯。空格前有情态动词can，情态动词后接动词原形。“导致；造成”对应的英语为lead，固定短语lead to表示“导致”。故填lead。 7．The Internet completely changed the way people get information after its b________ (诞生；出现). 【答案】birth/irth 【详解】句意：互联网诞生之后，彻底改变了人们获取信息的方式。空格前为形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后需要接名词。首字母为b，中文提示“诞生、出现”，birth是名词，意为“诞生、出现”。结合首字母、中文提示以及语法线索，故填birth。 8．People find this kind of soft material s________ (合适的；适宜的) for making paper and art works. 【答案】suitable/uitable 【详解】句意：人们发现这种柔软的材料适合造纸和制作艺术品。本句使用find sth.+形容词结构，意为“发现某物……”，中文提示“合适的；适宜的”且首字母为s，suitable符合，固定搭配suitable for表示“适合……”，故填suitable。 9．Modern technology s________ (加速) up the production of new inventions every year. 【答案】speeds/peeds 【详解】句意：现代技术每年都加速新发明的产出。单词以字母s开头，speed up是固定短语，表示“加速”；主语Modern technology是单数，every year表示一般现在时，所以speed变为speeds，契合句子语境。故填speeds。 10．People with great imagination invented those g________ (滑翔机) a long time ago. 【答案】gliders/liders 【详解】句意：具有丰富想象力的人们很久以前发明了那些滑翔机。根据首字母及汉语提示，“滑翔机”为名词glider，根据“those”提示，用复数形式gliders，符合题意。 二、翻译 11．reality _______________________12．responsible _______________________ 13．rapid _______________________14．shape _______________________ 15．stone _______________________16．expensive _______________________ 17．officer _______________________18．none _______________________ 19．certain _______________________20．suitable _______________________ 21．依靠；取决于 ______________22．对……负责；引起某事 ___________________________ 23．后来；其后 _______________________24．加速 ___________________ 25．造成；导致 _________________26．导致；造成 __________________ 【答案】 11．n. 现实；事实 12．adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 13．adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 14．v. 塑造 n. 形状 15．n. 岩石；石头 16．adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 17．n. 官员；高级职员 18．pron. 没有一个；毫无 19．adj. 某些；确定的 pron. （不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些 20．adj. 合适的；适宜的 21．depend on 22．responsible for 23．later on 24．speed up 25．result in 26．lead to 知识点1：It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.它（造纸术）比其他任何一项发明，都更促成了塑造我们现代世界的信息的快速传播。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.more than any other + ________，意为 “比其他任何一个……”，后面必须接________(单数 / 复数) 名词，用于同一范围比较。 2.固定短语 be responsible for ________，两个含义：①对…… 负责；②________；短语 the rapid spread of + 名词，译为：________。 3.句中 that 引导________从句，修饰前面的先行词________；that 在从句中作主语，不能省略。 例句 1：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 例句 2：The rain is responsible for the spread of the disease. 【答案：单数名词；单数；对…… 负有责任 / 促成；…… 的快速传播；定语；information】 知识点2：In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute, a fibre that comes from plants.在西汉时期，还出现过一种很早期的纸，由黄麻制成，黄麻是一种取自植物的纤维。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.there be 句型，表示________（“拥有” 还是 “存在有”），be 动词单复数由后面的名词决定。 2.a very early form of 意为 “一种很早期的_______”；form / kind / type 都可表示 “种类、类型”，常用结构：________ + of + 名词； 3.be made from：由…… 制成，成品________(能 / 不能) 看出原材料，发生化学变化；拓展：be made ________，能看出原材料（物理变化）。 4.a fibre that comes from plants 作 jute 的________成分，用来解释说明 jute 是什么；that 在此引导________从句。 例句 1：There is a new kind of book on the desk. 例句 2：Wine is made from grapes. 【答案：存在有；类型；form/kind/type；不能；of；同位语；定语】 知识点3： However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和保存，要么价格十分昂贵。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.并列连词 either…or…，意思是________，用来连接两个并列成分；连接主语时，谓语动词遵循________原则。 2.本句were + 形容词，结合语境，属于一般过去时________语态结构。 3.difficult to use and store：形容词 + ________结构，用主动形式表达被动含义，意为 “使用和保存起来很困难”。 例句 1：Either you or he has to finish the work. 例句 2：The box is difficult to carry. 【答案：要么…… 要么……；就近一致；被动；to‑do 不定式】 知识点4：As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem.作为东汉朝廷皇家作坊的主管，蔡伦对设法解决这个问题产生了兴趣。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.句首As此处是介词，含义为________，引导身份状语。 2.固定搭配 become interested in ________；in 是介词，后面要接名词、代词或者________(do/doing) 形式。 3.动词 solve，固定短语________，意为 “解决问题”；名词形式是________；常用搭配：the solution ________ sth 解决某事的办法。 4.try to do sth：（强调付出努力，设法、尽力去做）；拓展辨析 try doing sth：（尝试做某事，试一试看效果）。 例句 1：As a student, we should study hard. 例句 2：He tried to solve the math problem. 【答案：作为；对…… 感兴趣；doing；solve the problem；solution；to；设法 / 尽力做某事；尝试做某事】知识点5 Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. 然后，这些原料被捶打、切碎，再一次与水混合。【P46】 用法讲解 1.本句时态为一般过去时，句式是一般过去时________语态：was / were + ________。 2.动词 beat：原形 beat；过去式________；过去分词________；辨析：beat 后接________（人 / 队伍），打败对手；win 后接________（比赛、奖品），赢得比赛 / 奖品。 3.短语 cut up，中文意思：________；up 为副词，代词放中间：cut it/them up。 4.mix with 固定短语：________。本句多个过去分词 beaten, cut up, mixed 并列共用同一个 be 动词 was。 例句 1：Our team beat theirs yesterday. 例句 2：Please cut it up before cooking. 【答案：被动；动词过去分词；beat；beaten；人 / 对手 / 队伍；比赛 / 奖品；切碎；与…… 混合】 知识点6 To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap.令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸张柔软、轻便，易于制作和使用，最重要的是，价格低廉。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.固定短语 to one's surprise，翻译：________；one's 要随人称变化：to my/his/her surprise。 2.most importantly 在句中作________语，用来修饰整个句子；副词‑ly 结尾，由形容词 important 变形而来。 3.easy to make and use：形容词 +________不定式，主动表被动含义，“制作、使用起来很容易”。 例句 1：To our surprise, he passed the exam. 例句 2：The work is easy to finish. 【答案：令某人惊讶的是；插入；to‑do】 知识点7Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world.后来，造纸术不仅加速了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.not only…but also… 并列句型，翻译：________；连接主语时，谓语动词遵守________原则。 2.later on 短语：________。 3.speed up 动词短语，含义________；speed 过去式________。 4.短语 the development of + 名词，译为________；   动词develop：意为发展、开发；   developing 形容词：（发展中的，如 developing country）；   developed 形容词：（发达的，如 developed country）。 例句 1：Not only Tom but also I like reading. 例句 2：We should speed up the development of science. 【答案：不但…… 而且……；就近一致；后来；加速；speeded up；…… 的发展；发展中的；发达的】 知识点8 This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 这带来了知识的全新勃兴，造就了我们如今所处的世界。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.result in 短语，意思________（强调结果）；拓展短语 result ________，起因于、由于（强调原因）。 2.短语 a new birth of knowledge，译为________；birth 名词，意为诞生、出现；动词形式________；knowledge 名词，意为知识，是________(可数 / 不可数) 名词，不能加‑s。 3.creating the world we have today 是现在分词作________状语，表示前面这件事带来的自然而然的结果。 4.we have today是省略关系代词的________从句，修饰先行词 the world。 例句 1：The accident resulted in many problems. 例句 2：He fell off the bike, hurting his knee. 【答案：导致，带来；from；知识的全新勃兴；bear；不可数；结果；定语】 知识点9 To solve the problem of heavier‑than‑air flight, the Wright brothers began working with gliders. 为了解决重于空气的飞行难题，莱特兄弟开始研究滑翔机。【P49】 用法讲解： 1.句首To solve…是________不定式，放在句首表________（目的 / 结果），翻译 “为了……”。 2.复合形容词 heavier‑than‑air，中间用________连接，作定语修饰名词 flight。 3.begin doing sth = begin ________ sth，意为开始做某事。 例句 1：To learn English well, he reads every morning. 例句 2：She began doing her homework after dinner. 【答案：to‑do；目的；连字符；to do】 知识点10 As a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world feels smaller. 结果，不同国家的人们之间的交流如今变得容易得多，世界也感觉变小了。【P49】 用法讲解： 1.as a result 固定短语，翻译：________，常放句首，后加逗号；拓展：as a result ________，由于……（接原因）。 2.单词辨析：communicate 是_______（动词 / 名词），含义交流、沟通；常用搭配 communicate ________ sb 和某人交流；communication 是_______（动词 / 名词），含义交流、通讯，本句所用单词；communication 多为________(可数 / 不可数) 名词。 3.much easier：much 用来修饰________级，意为 “…… 得多”。 4.among 介词，用于________者及以上人或事物之间；辨析 between 用于两者之间。 例句 1：As a result, he missed the early bus. 例句 2：People communicate with each other by WeChat. 【答案：结果；of；动词；with；名词；不可数；形容词比较；三】 一、单项选择 1．The police tried to ________ the crowd during the big event. A．afford B．control C．collect D．produce 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在这场大型活动期间，警方努力控制人群。 afford负担得起；control控制；collect收集；produce生产。根据主语the police（警方）和宾语the crowd（人群）可知，这里表达警方努力“控制”人群，应填control。 2．After the new road was built, the small town developed ________ and soon became a busy place. A．widely B．gradually C．rapidly D．correctly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新路建成后，这个小镇发展迅速，很快变成了一个繁忙的地方。 widely广泛地；gradually逐渐地；rapidly迅速地；correctly正确地。根据“soon became a busy place”可知，小镇很快变得繁忙，说明发展速度快，应用rapidly。 3．The shoes are too expensive for me. I can’t ________ to buy them. A．collect B．produce C．invent D．afford 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这双鞋对我来说太贵了。我买不起它们。 collect收集；produce生产；invent发明；afford买得起、负担得起。根据前句“The shoes are too expensive for me”可知，此处表示没有足够的金钱负担购买鞋子的费用，应填afford。 4．My uncle works for a big ________ that makes mobile phones. A．product B．company C．tradition D．invention 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的叔叔在一家生产手机的大公司工作。 product产品；company公司；tradition传统；invention发明。根据句中“works for”（为……工作）和“that makes mobile phones”（生产手机）的定语从句可知，此处表示能生产手机的经营主体，应填company。 5．The scientists plan to ________ a new experiment next week. A．give up B．try out C．give in D．carry out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：科学家们计划下周进行一项新实验。 give up放弃；try out试验；give in屈服；carry out实施。根据“a new experiment”可知，科学家计划“实施”实验，carry out符合语境。 6．The new library is open to the ________ every day. A．company B．product C．public D．tradition 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新图书馆每天向公众开放。 company公司；product产品；public公众；tradition传统。根据主语library“图书馆”及固定搭配open to the public“向公众开放”，可知图书馆是面向“公众”开放的。 7．The child’s hands were ________ after eating the candy, so his mother asked him to wash them. A．clean B．gradual C．wide D．sticky 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吃完糖果后，孩子的手是粘的，所以他妈妈让他去洗手。 clean干净的；gradual逐渐的；wide宽的；sticky粘的。根据“so his mother asked him to wash them”可知手需要清洗，结合“after eating the candy”可知吃糖后手会变粘，符合语境，应选D。 8．The ________ of this new kind of paper will start next month. A．company B．production C．invention D．tradition 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种新型纸的生产将于下个月开始。 company公司；production生产；invention发明；tradition传统。根据“this new kind of paper will start next month”可知，此处指新型纸的生产制造即将开始，符合语境。 9．The weather ________ became warmer, and the ice on the lake began to melt. A．rapidly B．widely C．gradually D．correctly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：天气逐渐变暖，湖上的冰开始融化。 rapidly迅速地；widely广泛地；gradually逐渐地；correctly正确地。根据后句“the ice on the lake began to melt”可知，天气是“逐渐”变暖的，应填gradually。 10．Chinese food is ________ enjoyed all over the world. A．gradually B．rapidly C．widely D．correctly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国食物被全世界广泛喜爱。 gradually逐渐地；rapidly迅速地；widely广泛地；correctly正确地。根据“all over the world”可知，中国食物在世界范围内受欢迎，强调范围广，应填widely。 11．My brother likes to ________ stamps from different countries. A．afford B．produce C．collect D．invent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我哥哥喜欢收集来自不同国家的邮票。 afford买得起；produce生产；collect收集；invent发明。根据“stamps from different countries”可知，集邮是常见爱好，推测出是收集邮票。 12．Thomas Edison ________ more than one thousand things in his life. A．collected B．afforded C．produced D．invented 【答案】D 【详解】句意：托马斯·爱迪生一生中发明了一千多种东西。 collected收集；afforded负担得起；produced生产；invented发明。根据“Thomas Edison”和“more than one thousand things”可知，爱迪生是著名的发明家，此处指他发明了许多东西，符合语境。 13．This new ________ is very popular with young people because it is cheap and useful. A．company B．tradition C．product D．customer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这款新产品很受年轻人欢迎，因为它既便宜又实用。 company公司；tradition传统；product产品；customer顾客。根据“cheap and useful”以及“popular with young people”可知，此处指某款“产品”受欢迎，故填product。 二、单词拼写 14．The first compass ________ (invent) in ancient China over 2000 years ago. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：第一个指南针是2000多年前在中国古代被发明的。空缺处在句中作谓语；主语the first compass和动词invent是被动关系；时间状语over 2000 years ago表示过去；主语为单数，be动词用was，invent的过去分词为invented。 15．This new kind of robot ________ (use) to help doctors in hospitals now. 【答案】is used 【详解】句意：这种新型机器人现在被用来在医院里帮助医生。根据“now”，句子用一般现在时，主语This new kind of robot，机器人是被使用，主语和use是被动关系，用被动语态，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，This new kind of robot中心词是kind，单数，be动词用is，use的过去分词是used，应填is used。 16．All the parts of the machine ________ (produce) in this factory last month. 【答案】were produced 【详解】句意：这台机器的所有零部件上个月都是在这家工厂生产的。根据“last month”，句子用一般过去时，主语All the parts of the machine，零件是“被生产”，主语和动词produce是被动关系，要用被动语态，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语parts是复数，be动词用were，produce的过去分词是produced，故填were produced。 17．The new software ________ (develop) by a group of young engineers recently. 【答案】has been developed 【详解】句意：这款新软件最近由一群年轻的工程师开发。根据“recently”提示，动作发生在过去并对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时。主语The new software与develop之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”。主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has，develop的过去分词是developed。 18．The old bridge ________ (replace) by a new one next year. 【答案】will be replaced 【详解】句意：这座旧桥明年将被一座新桥取代。主语“The old bridge”与replace之间为被动关系，表示“被取代”；“next year”表示将来时间，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。replace的过去分词为replaced。 19．Different kinds of materials ________ (try) to make the light bulb before Edison succeeded. 【答案】had been tried 【详解】句意：在爱迪生成功之前，人们已经尝试了各种各样的材料来制造灯泡。“before Edison succeeded”中succeeded 是一般过去时。“尝试材料”这个动作发生在succeeded之前，属于“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had done；主语 materials（材料）是“被人们尝试”，是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态had been tried。 20．The book ________ (translate) into more than 10 languages since it came out. 【答案】has been translated 【详解】句意：这本书自出版以来，已经被翻译成十多种语言。since+一般过去时(came out)，主句用现在完成时，book和translate之间是被动关系：书“被翻译”，所以用现在完成时的被动：have/has been+过去分词。主语the book单数，助动词用has，translate的过去分词为translated，即has been translated。 21．More trees ________ (need) to protect the environment in this area. 【答案】are needed 【详解】句意：这个地区需要更多的树来保护环境。主语More trees和need之间是被动关系，要用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是复数，be动词用are，need的过去分词是needed。 22．The mobile phone ________ (change) people’s lives greatly in the past 30 years. 【答案】has changed 【详解】句意：在过去30年里，手机极大地改变了人们的生活。根据时间状语“in the past 30 years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在或对现在造成影响。主语The mobile phone是单数，助动词用has，change的过去分词为changed。故填has changed。 23．It is ________ (say) that tea was discovered by Shen Nong by accident. 【答案】said 【详解】句意：据说茶是神农偶然发现的。“It is said that...”为固定句型，意为“据说……”，其中said为say的过去分词，用于被动语态结构。 三、完成句子 24．印刷机是约翰内斯·古腾堡在15世纪40年代发明的。 The printing press ________ ________ by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s. 【答案】 was invented 【详解】原句中“发明”是关键词。invent表示“发明”；主语“The printing press”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系，且时间状语in the 1440s表明是一般过去时，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为：was/were+过去分词，主语为单数，be动词用was；invent的过去分词为invented。因此填was；invented。 25．这种新型机器人现在被用于帮助医院里的医生。 This new type of robot ________ ________ ________ help doctors in hospitals now. 【答案】 is used to 【详解】根据中英文对照，“被用于”为关键信息，对应的英文为“be used to”，为被动语态，主语This new type of robot是单数，now提示一般现在时，因此该句为一般现在时的被动语态。故填is used to。 26．所有的机器部件上个月都是在这家工厂生产的。 All the parts of the machine ________ ________ in this factory last month. 【答案】 were produced 【详解】原句中“生产”是关键词，表示“生产”的动词是produce。本句主语All the parts of the machine的核心词parts为复数名词，与动词produce之间为被动关系；由时间状语last month可知句子需用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“were+过去分词”，动词produce的过去分词为produced。 27．一份新的设计计划已经被发送给工程师做进一步检查。 A new design plan ________ ________ ________ to the engineer for further check. 【答案】 has been sent 【详解】原句中“已经被发送”是关键词。“已经”表明是现在完成时，“被发送”说明需用被动语态，现在完成时的被动语态结构为“have/has been done”，主语A new design plan为第三人称单数，助动词用 has；“发送”对应英文为动词send，过去分词为sent。 28．在智能手机被发明之前，人们主要用固定电话联系。 Before the smartphone ________ ________, people mainly used landlines to communicate. 【答案】 was invented 【详解】原句关键词为“被发明”。“发明”对应的英文是“invent”，主语smartphone是名词单数，与invent之间是被动关系，且发生在过去，所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was；invented。 29．The first compass was invented in ancient China. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the first compass invented? 【答案】 Where was 【详解】句意：第一个指南针是在古代中国发明的。划线部分是in ancient China，对地点提问用Where。原句是一般过去时的被动语态，变疑问句时将was提前。句首首字母大写。故填Where；was。 30．Engineers can develop new software to solve the problem.（改为被动语态） New software can ________ ________ to solve the problem by engineers. 【答案】 be developed 【详解】句意：工程师们可以开发新软件来解决这个问题。主动语态变为被动语态，情态动词can后接be加过去分词，所以填be developed。 31．The old bridge will be replaced by a new one next year.（改为主动语态） People ________ ________ the old bridge by a new one next year. 【答案】 will replace 【详解】句意：这座旧桥明年将被一座新桥取代。原句被动结构will be replaced和主动结构will replace都表示一般将来时。故填will replace。 32．Tea was discovered by Shen Nong by accident. (改为一般疑问句) ________ tea ________ by Shen Nong by accident? 【答案】 Was discovered 【详解】句意：茶是被神农偶然发现的。原句是一般过去时的被动语态，变一般疑问句时将was提前至句首，discovered保持不变，因此填Was；discovered。 33．We regard the compass as one of the greatest inventions in ancient China. (改为被动语态) The compass ________ ________ as one of the greatest inventions in ancient China. 【答案】 is regarded 【详解】句意：我们把指南针看作是中国古代最伟大的发明之一。所给句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态后句子也要用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态的结构是“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”，主语The compass是单数，be动词用is；regard的过去分词是regarded。 四、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 create  realize  share  understand  respect  take  cause  depend  learn  inspire Great ideas are like seeds that can 34 amazing changes. My most unforgettable experience with creative ideas was when I joined the school’s innovation club last year. Before that, I 35 that ideas were just something people talked about, not something I could develop on my own. One day, our club was asked to design a product to help students study better. While we were discussing, a classmate’s idea 36 me to think differently. We worked together to 37 a simple model of a smart notebook that could record voice notes. When we showed it to our teacher, he 38 our effort and gave us useful suggestions. I 39 this experience with my parents, and they told me that good ideas 40 on careful observation and teamwork. By the time we finished the final model, I had 41 a lot about how to turn an idea into reality. This project has 42 me to keep exploring new ideas. Now, whenever I meet a problem, I try to 43 a new solution instead of giving up easily. 【答案】 34．create 35．realized 36．caused 37．understand 38．respected 39．shared 40．depend 41．learned/learnt 42．inspired 43．take 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者自己参加学校创新俱乐部的经历，懂得好想法来源于观察与团队合作，遇事要积极探索新思路。 【详解】34．句意：伟大的想法就像种子，能够创造惊人的改变。情态动词can后面接动词原形，句子主语是“伟大的想法”，搭配宾语“惊人的改变”；固定搭配：create changes意为“创造改变”。 35．句意：在那之前，我意识到想法只是人们嘴上谈论的东西，而不是我自己可以开发出来的东西。故事发生在去年，用一般过去时。本句表达内心的感悟“意识到”，方框只有realize有此含义，需变为过去式realized。 36．句意：就在我们讨论的时候，一位同学的想法促使我换一种角度思考。cause sb. to do sth.表示“促使某人做某事”；此处表达别人的想法带来一个行为变化，cause表示“促使、使得”，符合语境，叙述过去事件，用一般过去时，动词用过去式caused。 37．句意：我们通力协作，弄懂这款可以记录语音笔记的简易智能笔记本模型。不定式to后接动词原形；团队一起研究模型，需要去理解、搞懂模型原理，understand表示“理解，弄懂”，符合语境。 38．句意：当我们把模型展示给老师时，他尊重我们付出的努力，并给出有用的建议。宾语是our effort，respect表示“尊重”，respect one’s effort意为“尊重某人的付出”；描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式respected。 39．句意：我把这次经历分享给了我的父母。固定搭配：share sth. with sb.表示“和某人分享某事”，本句表达把经历告诉、分享给父母。故事为过去时态，用一般过去时，动词用过去式shared。 40．句意：他们告诉我，好的想法有赖于细致的观察和团队合作。固定短语：depend on表示“依靠、取决于”；从句讲述客观真理，用一般现在时，主语ideas是复数，动词用原形。 41．句意：到我们完成最终模型的时候，我已经学到很多关于如何把想法变为现实的知识。learn表示“学到”，learn a lot意为“学到很多”，贴合语境从实践中收获知识；从句为“By the time+一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时，结构为：had+过去分词，learn的过去分词为learned或learnt。 42．句意：这个项目激励我不断去探索新想法。inspire sb. to do sth.表示“激励某人做某事”，符合语境中项目带来的积极影响，现在完成时结构：has+过去分词，所以此处填过去分词inspired。 43．句意：现在每当我遇到难题，我设法采取新的解决办法，而不是轻易放弃。try to do sth.后接动词原形；take a solution意为“采取解决方案”，符合遇到问题解决问题的 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B（1a-3c）导学案 1.能识别并朗读与发明创新主题相关词汇：reality, papermaking, responsible, rapid, shape, create, invention, produce 等；能理解介绍发明故事的核心句型；读懂一般过去时被动语态，理解代词指代的阅读策略。（学习理解） 2.能在阅读活动中捕捉发明相关的关键信息，完成段落匹配、语篇填空任务；能模仿文本，运用目标句型介绍发明故事，熟练运用一般过去时被动语态描述发明过程。（应用实践） 3.能根据提示完成简短口头汇报，分享一项感兴趣的发明，包含至少 4 个要素（Inventor, Time, Process, Influence）；能结合自身实例交流创新带来的启发，提升语言综合运用能力。（迁移创新） 重点：1.掌握本单元核心句型，熟练掌握一般过去时被动语态句型。 2.掌握重点词汇词形拓展；掌握代词指代的阅读策略与语篇理解。 难点： 1.有条理地复述、介绍各类发明故事，把发明背景、实例和个人感悟结合表达。 2.在语境中准确区分、灵活运用主动语态与被动语态。 一、单词拼写 1．Many world-changing inventions come from simple but great ideas in r________ (现实；事实). 2．For this new invention project, he is r________ (有责任的) and spends most of his free time on it. 3．The progress of science is r________ (迅速的), and it shows us how powerful people’s creative ideas are. 4．We can see many different kinds of plant f________ (纤维；纤维素) in this old paper. 5．The telephone is an important c________ (创造；作品) that helps people communicate with others far away easily. 6．Bad habits can l________ (导致；造成) to many kinds of illnesses, so we should form good living habits. 7．The Internet completely changed the way people get information after its b________ (诞生；出现). 8．People find this kind of soft material s________ (合适的；适宜的) for making paper and art works. 9．Modern technology s________ (加速) up the production of new inventions every year. 10．People with great imagination invented those g________ (滑翔机) a long time ago. 二、翻译 11．reality _______________________12．responsible _______________________ 13．rapid _______________________14．shape _______________________ 15．stone _______________________16．expensive _______________________ 17．officer _______________________18．none _______________________ 19．certain _______________________20．suitable _______________________ 21．依靠；取决于 ______________22．对……负责；引起某事 ___________________________ 23．后来；其后 _______________________24．加速 ___________________ 25．造成；导致 _________________26．导致；造成 __________________ 知识点1：It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.它（造纸术）比其他任何一项发明，都更促成了塑造我们现代世界的信息的快速传播。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.more than any other + ________，意为 “比其他任何一个……”，后面必须接________(单数 / 复数) 名词，用于同一范围比较。 2.固定短语 be responsible for ________，两个含义：①对…… 负责；②________；短语 the rapid spread of + 名词，译为：________。 3.句中 that 引导________从句，修饰前面的先行词________；that 在从句中作主语，不能省略。 例句 1：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 例句 2：The rain is responsible for the spread of the disease. 知识点2：In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute, a fibre that comes from plants.在西汉时期，还出现过一种很早期的纸，由黄麻制成，黄麻是一种取自植物的纤维。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.there be 句型，表示________（“拥有” 还是 “存在有”），be 动词单复数由后面的名词决定。 2.a very early form of 意为 “一种很早期的_______”；form / kind / type 都可表示 “种类、类型”，常用结构：________ + of + 名词； 3.be made from：由…… 制成，成品________(能 / 不能) 看出原材料，发生化学变化；拓展：be made ________，能看出原材料（物理变化）。 4.a fibre that comes from plants 作 jute 的________成分，用来解释说明 jute 是什么；that 在此引导________从句。 例句 1：There is a new kind of book on the desk. 例句 2：Wine is made from grapes. 知识点3： However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和保存，要么价格十分昂贵。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.并列连词 either…or…，意思是________，用来连接两个并列成分；连接主语时，谓语动词遵循________原则。 2.本句were + 形容词，结合语境，属于一般过去时________语态结构。 3.difficult to use and store：形容词 + ________结构，用主动形式表达被动含义，意为 “使用和保存起来很困难”。 例句 1：Either you or he has to finish the work. 例句 2：The box is difficult to carry. 知识点4：As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem.作为东汉朝廷皇家作坊的主管，蔡伦对设法解决这个问题产生了兴趣。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.句首As此处是介词，含义为________，引导身份状语。 2.固定搭配 become interested in ________；in 是介词，后面要接名词、代词或者________(do/doing) 形式。 3.动词 solve，固定短语________，意为 “解决问题”；名词形式是________；常用搭配：the solution ________ sth 解决某事的办法。 4.try to do sth：（强调付出努力，设法、尽力去做）；拓展辨析 try doing sth：（尝试做某事，试一试看效果）。 例句 1：As a student, we should study hard. 例句 2：He tried to solve the math problem. 知识点5 Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. 然后，这些原料被捶打、切碎，再一次与水混合。【P46】 用法讲解 1.本句时态为一般过去时，句式是一般过去时________语态：was / were + ________。 2.动词 beat：原形 beat；过去式________；过去分词________；辨析：beat 后接________（人 / 队伍），打败对手；win 后接________（比赛、奖品），赢得比赛 / 奖品。 3.短语 cut up，中文意思：________；up 为副词，代词放中间：cut it/them up。 4.mix with 固定短语：________。本句多个过去分词 beaten, cut up, mixed 并列共用同一个 be 动词 was。 例句 1：Our team beat theirs yesterday. 例句 2：Please cut it up before cooking. 知识点6 To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap.令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸张柔软、轻便，易于制作和使用，最重要的是，价格低廉。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.固定短语 to one's surprise，翻译：________；one's 要随人称变化：to my/his/her surprise。 2.most importantly 在句中作________语，用来修饰整个句子；副词‑ly 结尾，由形容词 important 变形而来。 3.easy to make and use：形容词 +________不定式，主动表被动含义，“制作、使用起来很容易”。 例句 1：To our surprise, he passed the exam. 例句 2：The work is easy to finish. 知识点7Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world.后来，造纸术不仅加速了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.not only…but also… 并列句型，翻译：________；连接主语时，谓语动词遵守________原则。 2.later on 短语：________。 3.speed up 动词短语，含义________；speed 过去式________。 4.短语 the development of + 名词，译为________；   动词develop：意为发展、开发；   developing 形容词：（发展中的，如 developing country）；   developed 形容词：（发达的，如 developed country）。 例句 1：Not only Tom but also I like reading. 例句 2：We should speed up the development of science. 知识点8 This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 这带来了知识的全新勃兴，造就了我们如今所处的世界。【P46】 用法讲解： 1.result in 短语，意思________（强调结果）；拓展短语 result ________，起因于、由于（强调原因）。 2.短语 a new birth of knowledge，译为________；birth 名词，意为诞生、出现；动词形式________；knowledge 名词，意为知识，是________(可数 / 不可数) 名词，不能加‑s。 3.creating the world we have today 是现在分词作________状语，表示前面这件事带来的自然而然的结果。 4.we have today是省略关系代词的________从句，修饰先行词 the world。 例句 1：The accident resulted in many problems. 例句 2：He fell off the bike, hurting his knee. 知识点9 To solve the problem of heavier‑than‑air flight, the Wright brothers began working with gliders. 为了解决重于空气的飞行难题，莱特兄弟开始研究滑翔机。【P49】 用法讲解： 1.句首To solve…是________不定式，放在句首表________（目的 / 结果），翻译 “为了……”。 2.复合形容词 heavier‑than‑air，中间用________连接，作定语修饰名词 flight。 3.begin doing sth = begin ________ sth，意为开始做某事。 例句 1：To learn English well, he reads every morning. 例句 2：She began doing her homework after dinner. 知识点10 As a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world feels smaller. 结果，不同国家的人们之间的交流如今变得容易得多，世界也感觉变小了。【P49】 用法讲解： 1.as a result 固定短语，翻译：________，常放句首，后加逗号；拓展：as a result ________，由于……（接原因）。 2.单词辨析：communicate 是_______（动词 / 名词），含义交流、沟通；常用搭配 communicate ________ sb 和某人交流；communication 是_______（动词 / 名词），含义交流、通讯，本句所用单词；communication 多为________(可数 / 不可数) 名词。 3.much easier：much 用来修饰________级，意为 “…… 得多”。 4.among 介词，用于________者及以上人或事物之间；辨析 between 用于两者之间。 例句 1：As a result, he missed the early bus. 例句 2：People communicate with each other by WeChat. 一、单项选择 1．The police tried to ________ the crowd during the big event. A．afford B．control C．collect D．produce 2．After the new road was built, the small town developed ________ and soon became a busy place. A．widely B．gradually C．rapidly D．correctly 3．The shoes are too expensive for me. I can’t ________ to buy them. A．collect B．produce C．invent D．afford 4．My uncle works for a big ________ that makes mobile phones. A．product B．company C．tradition D．invention 5．The scientists plan to ________ a new experiment next week. A．give up B．try out C．give in D．carry out 6．The new library is open to the ________ every day. A．company B．product C．public D．tradition 7．The child’s hands were ________ after eating the candy, so his mother asked him to wash them. A．clean B．gradual C．wide D．sticky 8．The ________ of this new kind of paper will start next month. A．company B．production C．invention D．tradition 9．The weather ________ became warmer, and the ice on the lake began to melt. A．rapidly B．widely C．gradually D．correctly 10．Chinese food is ________ enjoyed all over the world. A．gradually B．rapidly C．widely D．correctly 11．My brother likes to ________ stamps from different countries. A．afford B．produce C．collect D．invent 12．Thomas Edison ________ more than one thousand things in his life. A．collected B．afforded C．produced D．invented 13．This new ________ is very popular with young people because it is cheap and useful. A．company B．tradition C．product D．customer 二、单词拼写 14．The first compass ________ (invent) in ancient China over 2000 years ago. 15．This new kind of robot ________ (use) to help doctors in hospitals now. 16．All the parts of the machine ________ (produce) in this factory last month. 17．The new software ________ (develop) by a group of young engineers recently. 18．The old bridge ________ (replace) by a new one next year. 19．Different kinds of materials ________ (try) to make the light bulb before Edison succeeded. 20．The book ________ (translate) into more than 10 languages since it came out. 21．More trees ________ (need) to protect the environment in this area. 22．The mobile phone ________ (change) people’s lives greatly in the past 30 years. 23．It is ________ (say) that tea was discovered by Shen Nong by accident. 三、完成句子 24．印刷机是约翰内斯·古腾堡在15世纪40年代发明的。 The printing press ________ ________ by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s. 25．这种新型机器人现在被用于帮助医院里的医生。 This new type of robot ________ ________ ________ help doctors in hospitals now. 26．所有的机器部件上个月都是在这家工厂生产的。 All the parts of the machine ________ ________ in this factory last month. 27．一份新的设计计划已经被发送给工程师做进一步检查。 A new design plan ________ ________ ________ to the engineer for further check. 28．在智能手机被发明之前，人们主要用固定电话联系。 Before the smartphone ________ ________, people mainly used landlines to communicate. 29．The first compass was invented in ancient China. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the first compass invented? 30．Engineers can develop new software to solve the problem.（改为被动语态） New software can ________ ________ to solve the problem by engineers. 31．The old bridge will be replaced by a new one next year.（改为主动语态） People ________ ________ the old bridge by a new one next year. 32．Tea was discovered by Shen Nong by accident. (改为一般疑问句) ________ tea ________ by Shen Nong by accident? 33．We regard the compass as one of the greatest inventions in ancient China. (改为被动语态) The compass ________ ________ as one of the greatest inventions in ancient China. 四、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 create  realize  share  understand  respect  take  cause  depend  learn  inspire Great ideas are like seeds that can 34 amazing changes. My most unforgettable experience with creative ideas was when I joined the school’s innovation club last year. Before that, I 35 that ideas were just something people talked about, not something I could develop on my own. One day, our club was asked to design a product to help students study better. While we were discussing, a classmate’s idea 36 me to think differently. We worked together to 37 a simple model of a smart notebook that could record voice notes. When we showed it to our teacher, he 38 our effort and gave us useful suggestions. I 39 this experience with my parents, and they told me that good ideas 40 on careful observation and teamwork. By the time we finished the final model, I had 41 a lot about how to turn an idea into reality. This project has 42 me to keep exploring new ideas. Now, whenever I meet a problem, I try to 43 a new solution instead of giving up easily. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $