专题12 选词填空 【期中复习】-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册基础知识专项讲练（新教材人教版）

专题12 选词填空 (期中复习） 1、 人与社会---家乡变化 （一） we   strange   comfort   grow   block   muddy   although   by   childhood   probably I was born in Heze, a city with a long history in Shandong. Though I’m just 14 years old, I have seen great changes in Heze. In my 1 , my grandmother liked to take me out and go around the city. 2 I couldn’t speak well, I knew it wasn’t a busy city. There were many small buildings. When it rained, the roads became 3 . At about four, I began to learn things 4 watching TV and reading books or magazines. One day, I saw a long and big car called the “train” on TV. But I had never seen it in my town. So I cried and said to my grandma, “Grandma, this thing looks so 5 and it’s called train. Why haven’t I seen it here? You were 6 too careless to take me to see it, right?” “Oh, no! My child,” my grandma 7 me and said, “That’s not my fault (责任). In fact, there aren’t any trains here. 8 city doesn’t have a good public transport system.” Ten years later, I’m not 4 years old any more. I have 9 into a teenager. Now, the city has really changed a lot. And it is still growing up quickly. There are large 10 of modern buildings. The whole city is covered with green plants. The railway station makes the city smaller, and the trains are running so fast. I think the city will become better and better in the future. （二） provide  with  close  important  dream  local  it  lead  government  sandy  about  and Living in the Taklamakan Desert brings daily challenges, from high temperatures to awful sandstorms. For those born and raised in Dariyabuyi Village, sports used to be a(n) 1 . Now things are changing. When the 29th Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities (少数民族) were held in Yutian County, Xinjiang, 2 athletes, including Aygul, took part in competitions alongside the desert. In the past, villagers of Dariyabuyi had no all-weather roads or mobile phone signals (信号). Visiting a neighbour often meant walking more than 10 kilometres across 3 hills. In 2019, the 4 helped the whole village move to a better living place as part of a poverty relief (脱贫) programme. Now, the village has tidy houses 5 electricity, natural gas, the Internet and green trees around. A new hospital and a primary school 6 a high level of service for the villagers. All these changes make playing sports possible. Today, Aygul 7 the village’s first all-women Maire Ball team. “On the field, we move as one; off 8 , we are sisters,” Aygul said. “Life here can grow richer only by working 9 with each other.” In a place which was lonely in the past, playing sports is creating communication 10 new chances among the moving sands. （三） government   great    dirt    see    leave    or    condition    convenient    through    we My hometown is a small but beautiful town. I 1 my hometown and moved to a city with my family many years ago. Now, when I come back, I’m surprised to find that it has changed 2 . The roads used to be 3 tracks. The houses were old and small. And the air wasn’t fresh enough. There was a paper factory near 4 school. The workers often put the waste into the river.Water pollution is also a big problem. Since 1996, our living 5 have gotten better and better. Most of us have moved into big beautiful houses. People used to listen to the radio for news and weather information. But now they can receive them 6 TV or the internet or even check via mobile phones. They are very modern. The 7 has built large hospitals and new schools in the past years. There are also many new roads and bridges. Many people drive cars to work 8 travel. These changes make our lives more comfortable and 9 . We are looking forward to 10 more great changes in the future. （四） change, comfortable, communication, develop, easy, environment, improvement, life, rapid, rich Great changes have taken place in the countryside in China over the past twenty years. My grandma’s hometown used to be a poor small village. Now it has turned into a beautiful and 1 place to live. Thanks to the good policy, local people’s 2 are getting better and better. With the 3 development of rural tourism, villagers can sell their tea and hand-made products online. It is much 4 for them to contact customers from all over the country than before. The Internet also makes 5 between villagers and the outside world much faster. Villagers pay much attention to protecting the 6 when they develop local economy. They never build polluting factories. The 7 in people’s living conditions is really great. Many young people come back home to 8 the local economy and help the village become better. Now more than half of the villagers have become 9 than before. This great 10 of the countryside tells us that a good policy will make people’s lives better. 2、 人与社会---著名人物 （一） this from family father if success both away return good Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911. After he graduated 1 Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he traveled across the Pacific Ocean to the United States for further study. There he received his Ph.D．degrees in 2 aerospace and mathematics. After graduation, he became a teacher as 3 as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories. He made important contributions to the missile and space programs in China. When he 4 to his motherland in 1955, the country’s space research was almost a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. From then on, he was in charge of developing China’s missile, rocket and spacecraft research programs. He was a pioneer in 5 related fields and was honored as “The 6 of China’s Missiles.” He is the pride of the Chinese people. He passed 7 on October 31, 2009, but he is a man who still encourages Chinese youth. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my 8 is in China and my destination is in China!” When someone said he could make much more money 9 he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My 10 name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.” （二） create, wise, teach, he, fair, drop, inspire, brave, spread, work Reading Lu Xun’s articles has become a common memory for Chinese students. From a young age, we study 1 articles such as From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Study and My Old Home. We get to know Runtu and Kong Yiji under his pen. Each of his works reflects his unique (独特的) 2 . Born on September 25, 1881, the great writer’s real name was Zhou Shuren. He once dreamed of being a doctor, so he went to Japan to study medicine. But later with great courage, he 3 out and started writing. Back then, he was a(n) 4 to many people. After returning to China, Lu Xun spent several years 5 at local secondary schools and colleges before finally finding a job at the Ministry of Education. In the 1930s, many young artists were inspired by him to produce woodcuts. Lu Xun thought it was a useful art form which could 6 knowledge, culture and new ideas. Though Lu Xun’s 7 were written in his time, they are still part of pop culture. His words are often used in stories, videos and 8 products. Lu Xun is also the most talked-about writer in our life. A modern Chinese writer thinks it is a good thing that Lu Xun’s voice is still heard. Lu Xun was the one who was never afraid to draw public attention. “Lu Xun was brave enough to fight against the 9 rules. If you wanted him to be silent, he would 10 speak out,” he wrote. We all believe his spirit will always light up our way forward. （三） courage, valuable, pioneers, spread, twice, scientific, later, remind, nation, historians, trade Zhang Qian was one of the greatest 1 of the Han Dynasty. Sent by the emperor, he travelled to the Western Regions 2 to build connections for our 3 . Though he was caught by enemies (敌人), he never lost his 4 . He made many important discoveries about lands and different cultures far away. He built a large collection of 5 information about western countries. Without modern 6 tools, he finished the hard task with strong will. His courage and spirit are truly admirable. 7 , his experience 8 across the whole country. His journeys laid the foundation (基础) for the Silk Road, which encouraged 9 and cultural exchange between East and West. Today, his stories still 10 teenagers to stick to goals when facing difficulties and try to explore the world around us. （四） inspiring, hunger, discovery, courage, hardships, research, century, spread, seed, scientist Marie Curie was born in Poland in 1867. In those days, women were not allowed to study at many universities, but she never gave up and went to Paris, where she did 1 on radioactivity. In 1903, she and her husband won the Nobel Prize, and she became the first woman to win it. Eight years later, she won a second one for her 2 of radium. Her life was full of 3 , because she worked for years in a cold, simple laboratory with very little money. She also showed great 4 when she helped wounded soldiers during the war. Her story is 5 to young people all over the world, and in the 21st 6 we still remember her. Her words have 7 from France to every corner of the world. Today the 8 that scientists collect in seed banks may one day help reduce 9 in poor countries. She is remembered as a great 10 and a brave woman. 3、 人与自我---语言策略 （一）    think  improve  or  read  learn  they  difficulty  in  teach  ask Students learn their lessons in class. In class, 1 teach them. Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher. This is a way of 2 . Is this the only way for students to learn? Of course not. There is another way to learn. Students can teach 3 . For example, if you forget something when you are doing your homework, you can read books to find the answers. This is a way to teach yourself. And it’s not a 4 thing. You can do this at any place and at any time. How to teach yourself? The first thing you must do is 5 . Read something you are interested 6 . The second is that you must ask yourself questions. The questions are about the things you don’t understand 7 you want to know. You can write down these questions. A good student is usually good at 8 questions. The third is that you should answer the questions yourself by 9 hard, reading books and asking other people. If you keep teaching yourself for a long time, you are sure to 10 your study. （二） well-organized, average, displayed, methods, confident, motivation, focus, reflect, review, results Learning English well is not easy, but with the right 1 , anyone can make great progress. First of all, you need to have strong 2 . When you are 3 about your goals, you will work harder and never give up easily. A good learner always keeps a 4 study plan. They know how to 5 on the most important things instead of wasting time. After each lesson, they take time to 6 on what they have learned and 7 their notes regularly. This helps them remember knowledge better. In our class, the teacher 8 some excellent study plans on the wall last week. The 9 of the students who followed these plans were very good. Their 10 scores improved a lot in the final exam. Remember, success comes from good habits and hard work. If you keep trying, you will surely achieve your goals! （三） successful  enjoy  method  easier  stop  afraid  when  he  about  work Brook Tate is a musician, a writer, and an artist with a passion (热情) for making learning fun. Now he is working on a project to make maths 1 for everyone. When he was a kid, he was very 2 of maths. The subject often made him feel sad, especially when he had difficulty with maths questions. Instead, he found a love of acting, art and music. But Tate later realized that lots of everyday skills were deeply connected to maths. Then he saw a connection between 3 creative works and maths, in the form of patterns (图案), and he loved patterns. 4 he found out that maths was full of patterns, he began to love that, too. And gradually, he discovered more beauty behind maths. On a trip to India, he noticed that there are 10 main colours and 10 numbers from 0 to 9. He 5 designed a system using colours for numbers, and shapes for operations (运算). He used it to teach maths to local children and it 6 . He realized it was a helpful way for children to learn maths. Tate has written two books 7 his “colourful maths” now. Tate believes there are difficulties for people who can’t do maths, so it’s important to help everyone master it. “I never expected to understand or 8 maths. However, now I’m able to share my own 9 of learning it,” he said. “So don’t 10 if you find maths hard. With creativity, it can be fun and easy for everyone!” （四） difficult use they good take until two have and easy with method As students, you should study in a smart way. Try these 1 below. Spaced Repetition According to Ebbinghaus, you’ll forget 1 if you don’t review in time. After you read your study material for the first time, you’d 2 come back to it 6 hours later, then 24 hours later, 3 days later, 7 days later or even 14 days later and above. Repeat it at least 5 times, 3 you can almost remember everything. Jim Kwik’s Technique The key to understanding your reading material is to ask questions. You can put a line down the middle of a piece of paper. On the left, 1 notes of key information, while on the right, write down 3 kinds of questions—how, when and why. Among the questions, the most important one is how you can use the key information. Connect it 2 the knowledge you’ve already known. And think about what real life problems you can solve by 3 it. The Feynman Technique Studies show students can understand what they’ve learned better when 1 teach someone else. This technique includes 4 basic steps. First, study. 2 , teach what you’ve just learned to someone in other words. Third, figure out what you can and can’t explain well. Go back to the book and try to understand the topic once again. Fourth, repeat the steps above 3 you can explain the topic without looking at the book. In a word, these smart study methods can help students learn more effectively. 4、 人与自我---方法与策略 （一） short-term technique boost likely discuss image graph effective view increase ability organize Do you want to improve your memory? Here are some useful 1 that can help you. First, using mind maps is a great way to 2 your ideas. When you draw a mind map, you can see the relationship between different pieces of information clearly. This method is very 3 for remembering new words and phrases. Second, creating a mental 4 in your mind can make things easier to remember. For example, if you want to remember a story, try to picture it like a movie in your head. This works well for both 5 memory and long-term memory. Third, taking regular breaks while studying can 6 your brain power. Our brains need time to rest and process what we have learned. Studies show that students who take breaks are more 7 to remember information than those who study for hours without stopping. Finally, your 8 to remember things can improve with practice. If you want to see your progress, you can draw a 9 to show how many words you remember each week. You can also 10 your learning methods with your classmates and share useful tips with each other. （二） brain  chain  stable  retell  memorize  create  knowledge  detail  attend  mystery How does our memory work? It is still a 1 to many scientists. Our 2 is like a 3 —if one link is missing, the whole thing falls apart. To improve our memory, we can try some useful methods. First, we should 4 a picture in our mind when we learn something new. This helps us remember things better. Second, we need to pay attention to every 5 when we study. Small things often make a big difference. Besides, we can 6 what we have learned in our own words. This is a great way to turn new 7 into long-term memory. We should also 8 lectures and take notes carefully. A good sleep keeps our memory 9 and helps us think clearly. Most importantly, we should 10 new words by linking them with what we already know. In this way, our memory will become stronger and stronger. （三） memorize, recall, technique, effective, image, discuss, position, stable, increase, recognize Do you often forget where you have put your keys? Do you have trouble remembering a long list of new words? Here are some useful 1 that may help you. First, try to make a picture, or 2 , in your mind. Pictures are much easier to remember than words, and they are especially 3 for learning new vocabulary. Second, do not try to 4 everything at once. Divide the information into small parts and review them at different times. Third, talk about what you have learned with your friends. When you 5 a topic with others, you understand it much better. Fourth, keep a 6 mood and get enough sleep, because feeling tired or worried can 7 the number of mistakes you make. Fifth, put the things you use every day in the same 8 , so that your hands can remember for you. Finally, if you still cannot 9 a word, do not give up; just try to 10 the situation in which you first learned it. （四） have   you  improve  easy  memory   effect   material   harm   increase   be You might have a friend or a classmate who remembers every single detail. How can they make it? In fact, there 1 plenty of things that you can do to improve your memory. First of all, interest is important when we remember things. We all agree that we don’t have difficulty 2 the things which we are interested in. You can make 3 have more interest by asking questions—the more, the better! Secondly, the researcher 4 found that information which is organized in groups can be 5 remembered so far. Try grouping similar knowledge together, or make a mind map of textbook reading to help group the information. Moreover, when you’re learning new 6 , you should spend the time thinking about the relationship between the present information and what you’ve already known instead of repeating without thinking. Then it helps you remember the materials. Last but not least, physical exercise is also important for memory because it 7 your heart rate and offers more oxygen (氧气) to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress which is very 8 to the memory. So the next time you’re learning new information, you can use the 9 methods above. I’m sure that you will 10 your memory and get more from it. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 选词填空 (期中复习） 1、 人与社会---家乡变化 （一） we   strange   comfort   grow   block   muddy   although   by   childhood   probably I was born in Heze, a city with a long history in Shandong. Though I’m just 14 years old, I have seen great changes in Heze. In my 1 , my grandmother liked to take me out and go around the city. 2 I couldn’t speak well, I knew it wasn’t a busy city. There were many small buildings. When it rained, the roads became 3 . At about four, I began to learn things 4 watching TV and reading books or magazines. One day, I saw a long and big car called the “train” on TV. But I had never seen it in my town. So I cried and said to my grandma, “Grandma, this thing looks so 5 and it’s called train. Why haven’t I seen it here? You were 6 too careless to take me to see it, right?” “Oh, no! My child,” my grandma 7 me and said, “That’s not my fault (责任). In fact, there aren’t any trains here. 8 city doesn’t have a good public transport system.” Ten years later, I’m not 4 years old any more. I have 9 into a teenager. Now, the city has really changed a lot. And it is still growing up quickly. There are large 10 of modern buildings. The whole city is covered with green plants. The railway station makes the city smaller, and the trains are running so fast. I think the city will become better and better in the future. 【答案】 1．childhood 2．Although 3．muddy 4．by 5．strange 6．probably 7．comforted 8．Our 9．grown 10．blocks 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者回忆童年时期家乡菏泽的模样，并与现在的发展变化进行对比，表达了对家乡未来越来越好的期望。 1．句意：在我的童年时期，我的祖母喜欢带我出去逛这座城市。此处需要一个名词作介词“in”的宾语，根据“my grandmother liked to take me out and go around the city”以及“At about four, I began to learn things...”可知，这描述的是作者小时候的事情，所以选择childhood。 2．句意：尽管我说不好，但我知道它不是一个繁忙的城市。此处需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，表示转折。根据“I couldn’t speak well, I knew it wasn’t a busy city.”可知，前后分句存在让步关系，所以选择although，首字母需大写。 3．句意：下雨的时候，道路变得泥泞。此处需要一个形容词作表语，根据“When it rained, the roads became...”可知，下雨后土路会变得泥泞，所以选择muddy。 4．句意：大约四岁时，我开始通过看电视和读书或杂志来学习东西。此处需要一个介词表示方式，根据“watching TV and reading books or magazines”可知，这是获取信息的方式，所以选择by。 5．句意：祖母，这东西看起来如此奇怪，它叫火车。此处需要一个形容词作表语，根据“But I had never seen it in my town.”以及“Why haven’t I seen it here?”可知，作者第一次见火车感到奇怪，所以选择strange。 6．句意：你可能太粗心了，没有带我去看它，对吧？此处需要一个副词作状语，表示推测。根据“You were... too careless to take me to see it, right?”可知，这是作者对祖母的推测，所以选择probably。 7．句意：“噢，不！我的孩子，”我的祖母安慰我说。此处需要一个动词作谓语，表示祖母的动作。根据“my grandma... me and said, ‘That’s not my fault.’”可知，祖母在安抚作者的情绪，所以选择comfort，时态为一般过去时，其过去式是comforted。 8．句意：我们的城市没有好的公共交通系统。此处需要一个代词作定语，根据“In fact, there aren’t any trains here.”可知，这是在说作者所在的城市，所以选择we的形容词性物主代词our，首字母需大写。 9．句意：我已经成长为一个青少年。此处需要一个动词的过去分词与“have”构成现在完成时。根据“I’m not 4 years old any more. I have... into a teenager.”可知，作者已经长大，所以选择grow，过去分词是grown。 10．句意：有现代化的建筑群。此处需要一个名词构成固定搭配，表示“一栋栋/一群群”。根据“There are large... of modern buildings.”可知，这里描述建筑数量多且成片，所以选择block，复数形式是blocks。 （二） provide  with  close  important  dream  local  it  lead  government  sandy  about  and Living in the Taklamakan Desert brings daily challenges, from high temperatures to awful sandstorms. For those born and raised in Dariyabuyi Village, sports used to be a(n) 1 . Now things are changing. When the 29th Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities (少数民族) were held in Yutian County, Xinjiang, 2 athletes, including Aygul, took part in competitions alongside the desert. In the past, villagers of Dariyabuyi had no all-weather roads or mobile phone signals (信号). Visiting a neighbour often meant walking more than 10 kilometres across 3 hills. In 2019, the 4 helped the whole village move to a better living place as part of a poverty relief (脱贫) programme. Now, the village has tidy houses 5 electricity, natural gas, the Internet and green trees around. A new hospital and a primary school 6 a high level of service for the villagers. All these changes make playing sports possible. Today, Aygul 7 the village’s first all-women Maire Ball team. “On the field, we move as one; off 8 , we are sisters,” Aygul said. “Life here can grow richer only by working 9 with each other.” In a place which was lonely in the past, playing sports is creating communication 10 new chances among the moving sands. 【答案】 1．dream 2．local 3．sandy 4．government 5．with 6．provide 7．leads 8．it 9．closely 10．and 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了新疆达里雅布依村在政府帮扶下，生活条件得到改善，体育运动成为村民交流情感和创造新机遇的故事。 1．句意：对于出生和成长在达里雅布依村的人来说，体育运动曾经是一个梦想。空处前有不定冠词a(n)，此处需填名词单数作表语。根据上文提到的沙漠生活的挑战“Living in the Taklamakan Desert brings daily challenges”，过去运动是难以实现的，dream“梦想”符合语境。 2．句意：第29届少数民族传统运动会在新疆于田县举办时，包括阿依古丽在内的当地运动员在沙漠边参赛。空处修饰名词athletes，需用形容词。根据“...were held in Yutian County”，举办地在新疆于田县，此处指参加比赛的本地运动员，形容词local“本地的，当地的”符合语境。 3．句意：拜访邻居往往意味着要走过10多公里的沙丘。空处修饰名词hills，需用形容词。根据沙漠环境可知是沙丘，形容词sandy“多沙的”符合语境。 4．句意：2019年，政府帮助整个村庄搬到了更好的居住地，将其作为脱贫项目的一部分。空前有定冠词the，空处作主语，需填名词。根据“a poverty relief (脱贫) programme”可知，脱贫项目是政府行为，government“政府”符合语境。 5．句意：现在，村庄里有整洁的房子，配有电、天然气、网络，四周绿树环绕。结合“electricity, natural gas, the Internet and green trees around”，此处说明房屋附带的设施，用介词with“带有，具有”，作后置定语修饰houses。 6．句意：一家新医院和一所小学为村民提供高水平服务。句子缺谓语动词。结合“a high level of service for the villagers”，此处是固定搭配provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”；主语是A new hospital and a primary school，为复数概念，时态为一般现在时，故填provide。 7．句意：如今，阿依古丽带领村里第一支全女子Maire球队。句子缺谓语动词。结合“the village’s first all-women Maire Ball team”，此处表示带领球队，lead“带领”符合语境；主语Aygul是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，lead需变为三单形式leads。 8．句意：阿依古丽说：“在赛场上，我们同心协力；赛场下，我们是姐妹。”off是介词，后接宾语。与“On the field”相对，此处表示赛场下，指代前文提到的the field，避免重复用代词it。 9．句意：这里的生活只有通过彼此紧密合作才能变得更加丰富。空处修饰working，需用副词。与“we move as one”呼应，此处表示紧密合作，close的副词形式closely表示“紧密地”。 10．句意：在这片曾经孤寂的土地上，体育运动在流动的黄沙之间搭建起交流与新机遇的桥梁。连接communication和chances两个并列名词，表并列关系，故填and。 （三） government   great    dirt    see    leave    or    condition    convenient    through    we My hometown is a small but beautiful town. I 1 my hometown and moved to a city with my family many years ago. Now, when I come back, I’m surprised to find that it has changed 2 . The roads used to be 3 tracks. The houses were old and small. And the air wasn’t fresh enough. There was a paper factory near 4 school. The workers often put the waste into the river.Water pollution is also a big problem. Since 1996, our living 5 have gotten better and better. Most of us have moved into big beautiful houses. People used to listen to the radio for news and weather information. But now they can receive them 6 TV or the internet or even check via mobile phones. They are very modern. The 7 has built large hospitals and new schools in the past years. There are also many new roads and bridges. Many people drive cars to work 8 travel. These changes make our lives more comfortable and 9 . We are looking forward to 10 more great changes in the future. 【答案】 1．left 2．greatly 3．dirt 4．our 5．conditions 6．through 7．government 8．or 9．convenient 10．seeing 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者多年后回到家乡，发现家乡发生了巨大变化，道路、住房、信息获取方式、医疗教育等方面都得到了极大改善。 1．句意：多年前，我离开了家乡，和家人搬到了城市。根据“moved to a city with my family many years ago”可知作者离开了家乡，leave意为“离开”，描述过去动作用过去式left，故填left。 2．句意：现在，当我回来时，我惊讶地发现它发生了巨大的变化。根据后文描述的种种变化可知家乡变化很大，great变为副词greatly，修饰动词changed，表示“极大地”，故填greatly。 3．句意：道路过去是泥土小路。根据“The roads used to be ____ tracks”可知过去道路条件差，dirt意为“泥土”，作定语修饰tracks，故填dirt。 4．句意：我们学校附近有一家造纸厂。根据“near ____ school”可知此处指作者曾经的学校，we变为形容词性物主代词our，故填our。 5．句意：自1996年以来，我们的生活条件越来越好。根据“have gotten better and better”可知此处指生活条件，condition用复数conditions，故填conditions。 6．句意：但现在他们可以通过电视、互联网获取信息。根据“TV or the internet”可知此处表示通过某种媒介，through意为“通过”，故填through。 7．句意：政府在过去几年里建了大医院和新学校。根据“has built large hospitals and new schools”可知建医院和学校的是政府，government意为“政府”，作主语，故填government。 8．句意：许多人开车上班或旅行。根据“work ____ travel”可知两者是选择关系，or意为“或者”，故填or。 9．句意：这些变化使我们的生活更加舒适和方便。根据“more comfortable and ____”可知此处需要形容词与comfortable并列，convenient意为“方便的”，故填convenient。 10．句意：我们期待未来看到更多巨大的变化。look forward to中to为介词，后接动名词，see变为seeing，故填seeing。 （四） change, comfortable, communication, develop, easy, environment, improvement, life, rapid, rich Great changes have taken place in the countryside in China over the past twenty years. My grandma’s hometown used to be a poor small village. Now it has turned into a beautiful and 1 place to live. Thanks to the good policy, local people’s 2 are getting better and better. With the 3 development of rural tourism, villagers can sell their tea and hand-made products online. It is much 4 for them to contact customers from all over the country than before. The Internet also makes 5 between villagers and the outside world much faster. Villagers pay much attention to protecting the 6 when they develop local economy. They never build polluting factories. The 7 in people’s living conditions is really great. Many young people come back home to 8 the local economy and help the village become better. Now more than half of the villagers have become 9 than before. This great 10 of the countryside tells us that a good policy will make people’s lives better. 【答案】 1．comfortable 2．lives 3．rapid 4．easier 5．communication 6．environment 7．improvement 8．develop 9．richer 10．change 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国农村在过去二十年里发生的巨大变化及原因。 1．句意：现在它已经变成了一个美丽且舒适的居住地方。设空处与beautiful并列修饰名词place，需用形容词形式，表示美丽且舒适的地方。故填comfortable。 2．句意：感谢好政策，当地人的生活正变得越来越好。设空处作主语，谓语动词为are，表明主语需用复数形式，政策好，人们的生活也会变好，且后文表示“a good policy will make people’s lives better.”，life的复数为lives符合语境。故填lives。 3．句意：随着乡村旅游业的快速发展，村民可以在网上售卖茶叶和手工艺品。设空处修饰名词development，需用形容词形式，表示快速发展。故填rapid。 4．句意：对他们来说联系全国各地的客户比以前容易多了。much修饰形容词比较级，easy的比较级为easier。故填easier。 5．句意：互联网也使得村民与外部世界之间的交流更快了。设空处作makes的宾语，需用名词形式，互联网的发展会带动村民与外部世界的交流。故填communication，为不可数名词。 6．句意：村民们在发展当地经济时非常注意保护环境。设空处作protecting的宾语，需用名词形式，此处表示保护环境。故填environment，为不可数名词。 7．句意：人们生活条件的改善真的很大。设空处作句子主语，且前有The修饰，需用名词形式，表示生活条件改善。故填improvement，为不可数名词。 8．句意：许多年轻人回家发展当地经济，助力村庄变得更好。设空处位于不定式符号to之后，需用动词原形表目的，回家的目的是为了发展当地经济。故填develop。 9．句意：现在超过一半的村民变得比以前更富有了。than是比较级的标志词，rich的比较级为richer，此处表示经济发展，人们会更富裕。故填richer。 10．句意：乡村的这一巨大变化告诉我们，好政策会让人们的生活变得更好。指示代词This修饰单数名词，故用change的原形。故填change。 2、 人与社会---著名人物 （一） this from family father if success both away return good Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911. After he graduated 1 Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he traveled across the Pacific Ocean to the United States for further study. There he received his Ph.D．degrees in 2 aerospace and mathematics. After graduation, he became a teacher as 3 as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories. He made important contributions to the missile and space programs in China. When he 4 to his motherland in 1955, the country’s space research was almost a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. From then on, he was in charge of developing China’s missile, rocket and spacecraft research programs. He was a pioneer in 5 related fields and was honored as “The 6 of China’s Missiles.” He is the pride of the Chinese people. He passed 7 on October 31, 2009, but he is a man who still encourages Chinese youth. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my 8 is in China and my destination is in China!” When someone said he could make much more money 9 he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My 10 name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.” 【答案】 1．from 2．both 3．well 4．returned 5．these 6．Father 7．away 8．success 9．if 10．family 【解析】本文主要介绍了被誉为“中国导弹之父”的钱学森，他放弃了美国优越的环境，毅然回国，为中国的导弹和航天事业做出了重要贡献，他是中国人民的骄傲。 1．句意：1934年，他从上海交通大学毕业后，横渡太平洋前往美国深造。此处需要一个介词，与“graduated”搭配构成固定短语，表示“从……毕业”。根据“After he graduated...Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934”，可知是从该校毕业，所以选择from。 2．句意：他在那里获得了航空和数学的博士学位。此处需要一个形容词作定语，根据“aerospace and mathematics”，可知表示“两者都”，所以选择both。 3．句意：毕业后，他既是一名教师，也是一名研究火箭和导弹理论的研究员。此处需要一个副词，与“as”搭配表示“也，和”。根据“he became a teacher as...as a researcher”，可知他既是教师也是研究员，所以选择good的变形形式well。 4．句意：1955年，当他返回祖国时，国家的太空研究几乎一片空白。此处需要一个动词作谓语，根据“When he...to his motherland in 1955”，可知是返回祖国，所以选择return的过去式returned。 5．句意：他是这些相关领域的先驱，并被授予“中国导弹之父”的称号。此处需要一个代词作定语，根据“He was a pioneer in... related fields”，可知是这些领域，所以选择this的复数形式these。 6．句意：他被授予“中国导弹之父”的称号。此处需要一个名词作介词“of”的宾语，根据“was honored as ‘The...of China’s Missiles.’”，可知是“之父”，所以选择Father，首字母需大写。 7．句意：他于2009年10月31日去世，但他是一个仍然鼓励中国青年的人。此处需要一个副词，与“passed”搭配表示“去世”。根据“He passed... on October 31, 2009”，可知是去世，所以选择away。 8．句意：我的事业在中国，我的成功在中国，我的目的地在中国！此处需要一个名词作主语，根据“My career is in China, my...is in China and my destination is in China!”，可知是“成功”，所以选择success。 9．句意：当有人对他说，如果他留在美国可以赚更多的钱时。此处需要一个连词引导条件状语从句。根据“When someone said he could make much more money...he stayed in the United States”，可知是如果他留在美国，所以选择if。 10．句意：我的姓是钱，但我不喜欢钱。此处需要一个名词作定语，根据“My...name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.”，可知是我的姓，所以选择family。 （二） create, wise, teach, he, fair, drop, inspire, brave, spread, work Reading Lu Xun’s articles has become a common memory for Chinese students. From a young age, we study 1 articles such as From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Study and My Old Home. We get to know Runtu and Kong Yiji under his pen. Each of his works reflects his unique (独特的) 2 . Born on September 25, 1881, the great writer’s real name was Zhou Shuren. He once dreamed of being a doctor, so he went to Japan to study medicine. But later with great courage, he 3 out and started writing. Back then, he was a(n) 4 to many people. After returning to China, Lu Xun spent several years 5 at local secondary schools and colleges before finally finding a job at the Ministry of Education. In the 1930s, many young artists were inspired by him to produce woodcuts. Lu Xun thought it was a useful art form which could 6 knowledge, culture and new ideas. Though Lu Xun’s 7 were written in his time, they are still part of pop culture. His words are often used in stories, videos and 8 products. Lu Xun is also the most talked-about writer in our life. A modern Chinese writer thinks it is a good thing that Lu Xun’s voice is still heard. Lu Xun was the one who was never afraid to draw public attention. “Lu Xun was brave enough to fight against the 9 rules. If you wanted him to be silent, he would 10 speak out,” he wrote. We all believe his spirit will always light up our way forward. 【答案】 51． his 1．wisdom 2．dropped 3．inspiration 4．teaching 5．spread 1．works 2．creative 3．unfair 4．bravely 【解析】本文主要介绍了鲁迅先生的生平经历、文学成就及其精神对后世的深远影响。 1．句意：从小我们就学习他的文章，如《从百草园到三味书屋》和《故乡》。设空处修饰名词articles，需用形容词性物主代词，指代鲁迅，he变为his“他的”。 2．句意：他的每一部作品都反映了他独特的智慧。unique是形容词，后接名词。全文讲鲁迅作品富有思想，形容词wise变为名词wisdom“智慧”，契合作品体现思想的语境。 3．句意：但后来他鼓足勇气，辍学并开始写作。前文说他去日本学医，后文说开始写作，说明辍学了；drop out“辍学”，讲述过去事迹用一般过去时，drop的过去式是dropped。 4．句意：那时，对许多人来说他是一个鼓舞人心的人。不定冠词a(n)后接单数名词。根据“many young artists were inspired by him”，说明他是鼓舞人心的人，inspire变为名词inspiration“鼓舞人心的人”。 5．句意：回到中国后，鲁迅在当地中学和大学任教数年，最后才在教育部任职。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，此处需填动名词。根据“at local secondary schools and colleges”，此处是指在学校教书，teach变为动名词teaching。 6．句意：鲁迅认为这是一种可以传播知识、文化和新思想的有用艺术形式。情态动词could后接动词原形。宾语是“knowledge, culture and new ideas”，spread“传播”符合语境。 7．句意：虽然鲁迅的作品是在他所处的时代写的，但它们仍然是流行文化的一部分。were提示主语为复数名词。根据“were written in his time”，此处指鲁迅写的文章著作，work表示“作品”时是可数名词，复数为works。 8．句意：他的话语常被用于故事、视频和创意产品中。修饰名词products需用形容词。“...products”和stories、videos并列，指各类创意产品。create变为形容词creative“有创意的”。 9．句意：鲁迅足够勇敢去对抗不公平的规则。修饰名词rules需用形容词。根据“brave enough to fight against”可知，规则是不公平的，fair加否定前缀un-变为unfair“不公平的”。 10．句意：如果你想要他沉默，他会勇敢地说出来。修饰动词短语speak out需用副词。对应前文“brave enough”，此处指勇敢发声，brave变为副词bravely“勇敢地”。 （三） courage, valuable, pioneers, spread, twice, scientific, later, remind, nation, historians, trade Zhang Qian was one of the greatest 1 of the Han Dynasty. Sent by the emperor, he travelled to the Western Regions 2 to build connections for our 3 . Though he was caught by enemies (敌人), he never lost his 4 . He made many important discoveries about lands and different cultures far away. He built a large collection of 5 information about western countries. Without modern 6 tools, he finished the hard task with strong will. His courage and spirit are truly admirable. 7 , his experience 8 across the whole country. His journeys laid the foundation (基础) for the Silk Road, which encouraged 9 and cultural exchange between East and West. Today, his stories still 10 teenagers to stick to goals when facing difficulties and try to explore the world around us. 【答案】 1．pioneers 2．twice 3．nation 4．courage 5．valuable 6．scientific 7．Later 8．spread 9．trade 10．remind 【解析】本文讲述了汉代张骞出使西域的艰难历程、重要贡献以及他的精神对后人的激励作用。 1．句意：张骞是汉代最伟大的先驱之一。固定句型“one of the+最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”，此处需要可数名词复数pioneers。 2．句意：受皇帝派遣，他两次出使西域，为我们国家建立联系。此处需要副词，修饰动词“travelled”，说明动作发生的次数，据史实记载，张骞两次出使西域，此处应选填twice。 3．句意：受皇帝派遣，他两次出使西域，为我们国家建立联系。此处需要名词，放在形容词性物主代词“our”之后，作介词“for”的宾语。出使西域是为整个国家，此处应选填nation。 4．句意：虽然他被敌人抓住，但他从未失去勇气。形容词性物主代词“his”后接名词，根据上文被敌人抓住却不屈服，可知是勇气，此处应选填courage。 5．句意：他收集了大量关于西域国家的宝贵信息。此处需要形容词，修饰名词“information”，作定语，他带回的信息十分珍贵，此处应选填valuable。 6．句意：没有现代科学工具，他凭借坚强的意志完成了这项艰巨的任务。此处需要形容词，修饰名词“tools”作定语，“scientific tools”是固定搭配，表示“科学工具”。 7．句意：后来，他的经历传遍了全国。此处需要副词放句首作状语，表时间；承接上文叙事，讲之后发生的事；句首首字母大写。此处应填Later。 8．句意：后来，他的经历传遍了全国。句子缺少谓语动词，叙述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，“spread”的过去式仍是“spread”。 9．句意：他的出行奠定了丝绸之路的基础，促进东西方贸易与文化交流。此处需要名词，和“cultural exchange”并列作宾语，丝绸之路主要是贸易和文化交流，此处应选填trade。 10．句意：如今，他的故事仍然提醒青少年面对困难要坚守目标，努力探索周遭世界。此处需要一般现在时谓语动词原形；主语“stories”为复数；固定搭配“remind sb. to do sth.”表示“提醒某人做某事”，此处应选填remind。 （四） inspiring, hunger, discovery, courage, hardships, research, century, spread, seed, scientist Marie Curie was born in Poland in 1867. In those days, women were not allowed to study at many universities, but she never gave up and went to Paris, where she did 1 on radioactivity. In 1903, she and her husband won the Nobel Prize, and she became the first woman to win it. Eight years later, she won a second one for her 2 of radium. Her life was full of 3 , because she worked for years in a cold, simple laboratory with very little money. She also showed great 4 when she helped wounded soldiers during the war. Her story is 5 to young people all over the world, and in the 21st 6 we still remember her. Her words have 7 from France to every corner of the world. Today the 8 that scientists collect in seed banks may one day help reduce 9 in poor countries. She is remembered as a great 10 and a brave woman. 【答案】 71． research 1．discovery 2．hardships 3．courage 4．inspiring 1．century 2．spread 3．seeds 4．hunger 5．scientist 【解析】本文主要讲述了居里夫人的生平事迹、科学成就、高尚品格及其对后世的激励作用，并提及现代科学家利用种子库减少饥饿的贡献。 1．句意：在那个年代，很多大学不允许女性就读，但她从未放弃，前往巴黎，在那里她从事放射性相关的研究。do research on为固定搭配，意为“做关于……的研究”，research为不可数名词，用原形。 2．句意：八年后，她因发现镭而第二次获奖。“her”为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，根据语境指镭的“发现”，discovery意为“发现”，符合语境。 3．句意：她的一生充满艰难困苦，因为她常年在寒冷简陋、资金匮乏的实验室里工作。be full of后接名词；根据后文艰苦的工作环境，选用hardships，意为“艰难，困苦”，符合语境。 4．句意：她在战争期间帮助受伤士兵时也表现出了巨大的勇气。“showed great”后接名词，战争救助伤员需要“勇气”，courage意为“勇气”符合用法。 5．句意：她的故事对全世界的年轻人具有鼓舞作用，并且在21世纪，我们仍然铭记着她。“is”后接形容词作表语，修饰物“story”用inspiring，意为“鼓舞人心的”。 6．句意：她的故事对全世界的年轻人具有鼓舞作用，并且在21世纪，我们仍然铭记着她。“21st”为序数词，后接名词单数，表示“21 世纪”。故填century，意为“世纪”。 7．句意：她的话语已经从法国传播到世界的每一个角落。句子表达话语广为流传，spread表示“传播”；“have”后接过去分词构成现在完成时，spread的过去分词仍是spread。 8．句意：如今科学家在种子库收集的种子有一天可能会帮助减少贫困国家的饥饿。seed意为“种子”，种子库里存放不止一粒种子，需要变为复数seeds。 9．句意：如今科学家在种子库收集的种子有一天可能会帮助减少贫困国家的饥饿。“reduce”后接名词作宾语，贫困国家面临的主要问题之一是“饥饿”，hunger意为“饥饿”，符合语境。 10．句意：她被铭记为一位伟大的科学家和一位勇敢的女性。“a great”后接单数可数名词，指居里夫人的身份，scientist意为“科学家”，符合语境。 3、 人与自我---语言策略 （一）    think  improve  or  read  learn  they  difficulty  in  teach  ask Students learn their lessons in class. In class, 1 teach them. Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher. This is a way of 2 . Is this the only way for students to learn? Of course not. There is another way to learn. Students can teach 3 . For example, if you forget something when you are doing your homework, you can read books to find the answers. This is a way to teach yourself. And it’s not a 4 thing. You can do this at any place and at any time. How to teach yourself? The first thing you must do is 5 . Read something you are interested 6 . The second is that you must ask yourself questions. The questions are about the things you don’t understand 7 you want to know. You can write down these questions. A good student is usually good at 8 questions. The third is that you should answer the questions yourself by 9 hard, reading books and asking other people. If you keep teaching yourself for a long time, you are sure to 10 your study. 【答案】 1．teachers 2．learning 3．themselves 4．difficult 5．reading 6．in 7．or 8．asking 9．thinking 10．improve 【解析】本文主要讲述了学生在课堂学习之外，如何通过自学（如阅读、提问、思考等）来提高学习效果的方法。 1．句意：在课堂上，老师教他们。后文“listening to the teacher”表明是“老师”教学生，teach需变为表示人的名词teacher，此处泛指老师们，应用复数teachers。 2．句意：这是一种学习的方式。前文描述学生坐在教室听老师讲课，这是课堂学习的方式。a way of表示“……的方式”，of是介词，后接名词或动名词，learn的动名词形式为learning。 3．句意：学生可以自学。前文提问“这是唯一的学习方式吗？当然不是，还有另一种学习方式”，下文举例自己看书找答案，也就是自学。teach oneself表示“自学”，固定搭配，主语Students是第三人称复数，对应的反身代词为themselves。 4．句意：而且这并不是一件难事。后文“You can do this at any place and at any time”说明自学这件事门槛不高，并不困难。此处需用形容词修饰名词thing，difficulty的形容词形式为difficult，意为“困难的”。 5．句意：你必须要做的第一件事是阅读。本段主题为“How to teach yourself”，下一句“Read something...”表明第一条方法是阅读。此处用动名词reading作表语，介绍自学的第一件事。 6．句意：读一些你感兴趣的内容。此处是介绍阅读选材的建议，要读感兴趣的材料。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，固定短语。 7．句意：这些问题是关于你不理解或者你想要了解的事物。短语“you don’t understand”和“you want to know”是选择关系，否定句里连接并列成分用连词or，表示“或者”。 8．句意：一个好学生通常擅长提问。前面说要给自己提问题，本句承接上文，擅长提问是好学生的特点。be good at doing sth.表示“擅长做某事”，ask questions表示“提问”，ask变为动名词asking。 9．句意：第三点是你应该通过努力思考、看书以及询问他人来自己回答问题。本句列举自学解答问题的三种途径：努力思考、读书、问别人。by是介词，后接动名词。think hard表示“努力思考”，think变为thinking。 10．句意：如果你长期坚持自学，你的学习一定会有所提升。if引导条件状语从句，长期坚持自学带来的结果就是学习进步。improve表示“提高，改善”，be sure to do sth.表示“一定会做某事”，to后接动词原形。 （二） well-organized, average, displayed, methods, confident, motivation, focus, reflect, review, results Learning English well is not easy, but with the right 1 , anyone can make great progress. First of all, you need to have strong 2 . When you are 3 about your goals, you will work harder and never give up easily. A good learner always keeps a 4 study plan. They know how to 5 on the most important things instead of wasting time. After each lesson, they take time to 6 on what they have learned and 7 their notes regularly. This helps them remember knowledge better. In our class, the teacher 8 some excellent study plans on the wall last week. The 9 of the students who followed these plans were very good. Their 10 scores improved a lot in the final exam. Remember, success comes from good habits and hard work. If you keep trying, you will surely achieve your goals! 【答案】 1．methods 2．motivation 3．confident 4．well-organized 5．focus 6．reflect 7．review 8．displayed 9．results 10．average 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学好英语需要正确的方法、强烈的动机以及良好的学习习惯，并通过班级实例说明了遵循学习计划带来的好结果。 1．句意：学好英语并不容易，但有了正确的方法，任何人都能取得很大进步。空处作with的宾语，需填名词；结合后文介绍的具体学习方法，methods“方法”是method的复数形式，符合“正确的学习方法能助力英语提升”的语义，且学习方法是多样性的，复数形式契合语境。 2．句意：首先，你需要有强烈的动力。空处作have的宾语，需填名词；结合后文“you will work harder and never give up easily”可知，强烈的“动力”能促使人努力，motivation意为“动力”，为不可数名词，符合语境。 3．句意：当你对自己的目标充满信心时，你会更加努力，绝不轻易放弃。空处作表语，需填形容词；结合后文“work harder and never give up”可知，对目标“自信”才能坚持，confident意为“自信的”，符合语境。 4．句意：一个好的学习者总是制定一份井井有条的学习计划。空处修饰名词短语study plan，需填形容词；结合后文“They know how to…on the most important things instead of wasting time”可知，学习计划应是“井井有条的”，well-organized意为“有条理的”，符合语境。 5．句意：他们知道如何专注于最重要的事情，而不是浪费时间。空处位于how to之后，需填动词原形；focus on为固定搭配，意为“专注于”，符合“不浪费时间、聚焦重点”的语境。 6．句意：每节课后，他们花时间反思所学内容，并定期复习笔记。空处位于动词不定式符号to之后，需填动词原形；reflect on为固定搭配，意为“反思”，对应课后复盘所学知识的学习行为。 7．句意：每节课后，他们花时间反思所学内容，并定期复习笔记。空处与“take time to…”并列，需填动词原形；结合“their notes regularly”可知是“复习”笔记，review意为“复习”，符合课后巩固的学习逻辑。 8．句意：上周，老师把一些优秀的学习计划展示在墙上。空处作谓语，需填动词；结合“on the wall last week”可知是“展示”学习计划，display意为“展示”，时间状语last week提示时态为一般过去时，故填displayed。 9．句意：遵循这些计划的学生的成绩非常好。空处作主语，需填名词，系动词是were，说明主语为复数；结合后文“were very good”和“scores improved a lot”可知，是学生的“成绩”很好，result意为“结果/成绩”，用复数results，符合语境。 10．句意：他们的平均分在期末考试中提高了很多。空处修饰名词scores，需填形容词；结合“improved a lot in the final exam”可知，是“平均”分提高，average意为“平均的”，修饰分数，指代这些学生的整体平均成绩都有进步，语义通顺合理。 （三） successful  enjoy  method  easier  stop  afraid  when  he  about  work Brook Tate is a musician, a writer, and an artist with a passion (热情) for making learning fun. Now he is working on a project to make maths 1 for everyone. When he was a kid, he was very 2 of maths. The subject often made him feel sad, especially when he had difficulty with maths questions. Instead, he found a love of acting, art and music. But Tate later realized that lots of everyday skills were deeply connected to maths. Then he saw a connection between 3 creative works and maths, in the form of patterns (图案), and he loved patterns. 4 he found out that maths was full of patterns, he began to love that, too. And gradually, he discovered more beauty behind maths. On a trip to India, he noticed that there are 10 main colours and 10 numbers from 0 to 9. He 5 designed a system using colours for numbers, and shapes for operations (运算). He used it to teach maths to local children and it 6 . He realized it was a helpful way for children to learn maths. Tate has written two books 7 his “colourful maths” now. Tate believes there are difficulties for people who can’t do maths, so it’s important to help everyone master it. “I never expected to understand or 8 maths. However, now I’m able to share my own 9 of learning it,” he said. “So don’t 10 if you find maths hard. With creativity, it can be fun and easy for everyone!” 【答案】 1．easier 2．afraid 3．his 4．When 5．successfully 6．worked 7．about 8．enjoy 9．methods 10．stop 【解析】本文主要讲述布鲁克·泰特从畏惧数学到研发“多彩数学”学习法的经历，鼓励人们用创意化解数学学习的困难。 1．句意：如今他正开展一个项目，让数学对每个人来说都更简单。结合“make maths…for everyone”可知，此处为“make+宾语+形容词”结构，结合方框词，easier“更简单的”符合语法与语境，表示让数学更简单，successful“成功的”、afraid“害怕的”不符合语境。 2．句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，他非常害怕数学。结合“he was very…of maths”可知，空处需用形容词作表语，结合“The subject often made him feel sad”以及方框词，afraid“害怕的”符合“让他感觉伤心”的语境，且be afraid of表示“害怕……”，successful“成功的”不符合语法和语境。 3．句意：之后他发现了自己的创意作品与数学之间以图案形式存在的关联，而他很喜欢图案。结合“creative works”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词表示所属关系，方框词he的形容词性物主代词his符合语境。 4．句意：当他发现数学中充满规律时，他也开始爱上数学了。结合“he found out that maths was full of patterns, he began to love that, too.”以及方框词可知，此处需用连词引导时间状语从句，方框词when表示“当……时候”，符合语境，位于句首，首字母需大写。 5．句意：他成功设计出一套系统，用颜色代表数字，用形状代表运算。空处需用副词修饰动词“designed”，结合方框词，successful“成功的”，形容词，其副词形式successfully，表示“成功地”，符合语境。 6．句意：他用这套系统教当地孩子数学，而且方法奏效了。结合“He used it to teach maths to local children and it”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，空处为句子谓语，空处需用动词过去式，结合方框词，work“奏效，起作用”，动词，其过去式为worked。符合语境。 7．句意：泰特如今已经写了两本关于他的“多彩数学”的书。结合“two books…his ‘colourful maths’”以及方框词可知，此处需用介词连接两个名词短语，about“关于”，符合语境，表示关于“多彩数学”的两本书。 8．句意：我从没想过自己能理解甚至喜爱数学。并列连词or连接两个并列成分，因此空处需用动词原形与understand并列，结合方框词，enjoy“享受”，动词，符合语境。stop“停止”不符合语境。 9．句意：然而现在，我能够分享我自己学习数学的方法了。结合“my own…of learning it”可知，空处需用名词，结合方框词，此处表示学习数学的方法，method“方法”，可数名词，方法不止一个，因此需用复数形式methods。 10．句意：所以如果你觉得数学很难，不要停下。don’t后需接动词原形，结合“if you find maths hard”和方框词以及全文语境，此处表示鼓励人们不要停下，不要放弃，stop“停止”，动词，符合语境。 （四） difficult use they good take until two have and easy with method As students, you should study in a smart way. Try these 1 below. Spaced Repetition According to Ebbinghaus, you’ll forget 1 if you don’t review in time. After you read your study material for the first time, you’d 2 come back to it 6 hours later, then 24 hours later, 3 days later, 7 days later or even 14 days later and above. Repeat it at least 5 times, 3 you can almost remember everything. Jim Kwik’s Technique The key to understanding your reading material is to ask questions. You can put a line down the middle of a piece of paper. On the left, 1 notes of key information, while on the right, write down 3 kinds of questions—how, when and why. Among the questions, the most important one is how you can use the key information. Connect it 2 the knowledge you’ve already known. And think about what real life problems you can solve by 3 it. The Feynman Technique Studies show students can understand what they’ve learned better when 1 teach someone else. This technique includes 4 basic steps. First, study. 2 , teach what you’ve just learned to someone in other words. Third, figure out what you can and can’t explain well. Go back to the book and try to understand the topic once again. Fourth, repeat the steps above 3 you can explain the topic without looking at the book. In a word, these smart study methods can help students learn more effectively. 【答案】 1．methods 2．easily 3．better 4．and 5．take 6．with 7．using 8．they 9．Second 10．until 【解析】本文主要介绍了三种高效学习方法：间隔重复法、吉姆・奎克技巧、费曼技巧，告诉学生善用这些方法可以提升学习效率。 1．句意：试试下面这些方法。空处位于these后面，应填可数名词复数。结合下文内容以及框中备选词汇可知，这里指“方法”。故填methods。 2．句意：根据艾宾浩斯的理论，不及时复习，你就会轻易遗忘。空处修饰动词forget，应填副词。根据“if you don’t review in time”以及常识可知，不及时复习就会轻易遗忘。故填easily表示“轻易地”。 3．句意：第一次读完学习材料后，你最好6小时后回顾，接着24小时、3天、7天，甚至14天及之后再回顾。空前的you’d是you had的缩写，空后是动词原形，根据框中备选词汇可知，本句是had better do sth.的固定搭配，表示“最好做某事”。故填better。 4．句意：至少重复5次，你几乎就能记住全部内容。前半句“Repeat it at least 5 times”和后半句“you can almost remember everything”是顺承关系，应填并列连词and。 5．句意：在左边记下关键信息，右边写下三类问题：如何、何时以及为什么。本句是祈使句，应填动词原形。take notes是固定搭配，意为“记笔记”。故填take。 6．句意：把它和你已经掌握的知识联系起来。代词it和名词the knowledge之间应填介词连接，connect…with…是固定搭配，意为“把……和……联系起来”。故填with。 7．句意：思考运用它可以解决哪些现实生活中的问题。介词by后面接名词或动名词，根据前一句“Connect it with the knowledge you’ve already known.”可知，这里指运用它解决现实生活中的问题。故填using。 8．句意：研究表明，当学生向别人讲授知识时，他们能更好地理解所学内容。空处作从句的主语，结合语境可知指代“students”，故填人称代词they。 9．句意：第二，用自己的话把刚学的内容讲给别人听。根据前一句“First, study.”以及后一句“Third, figure out what you can and can’t explain well.”可知，本空是第二点，将基数词two转化为序数词second。句首需首字母大写，故填Second。 10．句意：第四，重复以上步骤，直到你不用看书就可以讲明白这个知识点。前半句“repeat the steps above”和后半句“you can explain the topic without looking at the book”都是独立的句子，应用连词连接。结合语境以及框中备选词汇可知，这里指重复以上步骤直到不用看书就可以讲明白知识点。故填until表示“直到”。 4、 人与自我---方法与策略 （一） short-term technique boost likely discuss image graph effective view increase ability organize Do you want to improve your memory? Here are some useful 1 that can help you. First, using mind maps is a great way to 2 your ideas. When you draw a mind map, you can see the relationship between different pieces of information clearly. This method is very 3 for remembering new words and phrases. Second, creating a mental 4 in your mind can make things easier to remember. For example, if you want to remember a story, try to picture it like a movie in your head. This works well for both 5 memory and long-term memory. Third, taking regular breaks while studying can 6 your brain power. Our brains need time to rest and process what we have learned. Studies show that students who take breaks are more 7 to remember information than those who study for hours without stopping. Finally, your 8 to remember things can improve with practice. If you want to see your progress, you can draw a 9 to show how many words you remember each week. You can also 10 your learning methods with your classmates and share useful tips with each other. 【答案】 1．techniques 2．organize 3．effective 4．image 5．short-term 6．boost 7．likely 8．ability 9．graph 10．discuss 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种提高记忆力的实用技巧，包括使用思维导图、创建心理图像、定期休息以及练习和分享学习方法。 1．句意：这里有一些有用的技巧可以帮助你。some后接可数名词复数，结合后文介绍的四种提高记忆力的实用技巧，technique意为“技巧”，符合语境，需变为复数形式techniques。 2．句意：首先，使用思维导图是一个组织你的想法的好方法。a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”，不定式符号to后接动词原形，organize意为“组织”，符合“用思维导图整合思路”的语义。 3．句意：这种方法对记忆新单词和短语非常有效。空格处缺少形容词作表语，effective表示“有效的”，对应“记单词短语效果很好”的语境。 4．句意：其次，在脑海中创建一个心理图像可以使事情更容易记住。mental image意为“心理图像”，符合“在脑海中构建画面辅助记忆”的描述，a后用单数名词。 5．句意：这种方法对短期记忆和长期记忆都很有效。空格处与后文long-term memory对应，short-term意为“短期的”，修饰memory，符合语境。 6．句意：第三，学习时定期休息可以增强你的脑力。情态动词can后接动词原形，boost意为“增强”，符合“定时休息可以提升脑力”的语境。 7．句意：研究表明，会休息的学生比连续学习数小时不休息的学生更容易记住知识。be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，符合“定时休息的学生更可能记住信息”的语境。 8．句意：最后，你记忆事物的能力可以通过练习提高。形容词性物主代词your后接名词，ability表示“能力”，符合“记忆能力可以通过练习提高”的语义。 9．句意：如果你想看到你的进步，你可以画一个图表来显示你每周记住多少单词。a后接单数名词，draw a graph意为“画图表”，符合“画图表记录每周记单词的进度”的描述。 10．句意：你也可以和同学讨论你的学习方法，互相分享有用的技巧。情态动词can后接动词原形，discuss 意为“讨论”，符合“和同学讨论学习方法、分享技巧”的语境。 （二） brain  chain  stable  retell  memorize  create  knowledge  detail  attend  mystery How does our memory work? It is still a 1 to many scientists. Our 2 is like a 3 —if one link is missing, the whole thing falls apart. To improve our memory, we can try some useful methods. First, we should 4 a picture in our mind when we learn something new. This helps us remember things better. Second, we need to pay attention to every 5 when we study. Small things often make a big difference. Besides, we can 6 what we have learned in our own words. This is a great way to turn new 7 into long-term memory. We should also 8 lectures and take notes carefully. A good sleep keeps our memory 9 and helps us think clearly. Most importantly, we should 10 new words by linking them with what we already know. In this way, our memory will become stronger and stronger. 【答案】 1．mystery 2．brain 3．chain 4．create 5．detail 6．retell 7．knowledge 8．attend 9．stable 10．memorize 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了记忆的工作原理以及提高记忆力的一些有用方法。 1．句意：对许多科学家来说，它仍然是一个谜。空格前有不定冠词a，后面需要接可数名词单数；结合语境，记忆的原理对科学家而言仍是未解之谜，mystery表示“谜团、奥秘”。 2．句意：我们的大脑就像一条链条——如果一个环节缺失，整体就会断裂。形容词性物主代词Our后面接名词，brain表示“大脑”，符合本文介绍记忆、大脑功能的主题，谓语是is，填单数名词。 3．句意：我们的大脑就像一条链条——如果一个环节缺失，整体就会断裂。空格前有不定冠词a，需要名词单数；后文出现link“环节”，chain表示“链条”，和后文one link对应。 4．句意：首先，当我们学习新东西时，我们应该在脑海里构建一幅画面。情态动词should后面接动词原形；create a picture表示“构建画面”，create表示“创造、构建”，是一种学习方式。 5．句意：其次，学习时我们需要关注每一个细节。every后接可数名词单数；后一句“Small things often make a big difference”提示学习要留意细小的内容，detail表示“细节”。 6．句意：此外，我们可以用自己的话复述学到的内容。情态动词can后接动词原形，“in our own words”强调用自身语言重新表达所学内容，retell表示“复述”。 7．句意：这是把新知识转化为长期记忆的好方法。形容词new修饰名词，“turn...into long-term memory”表达将内容转化为长期记忆，knowledge表示“知识”，属于不可数名词。 8．句意：我们也应该参加讲座并认真记笔记。情态动词should后面接动词原形，attend和后面的lectures搭配，“attend lectures”表示“参加讲座”，attend表示“出席、参加”。 9．句意：良好的睡眠让我们的记忆保持稳定，帮助我们清晰思考。本句使用“keep sth+形容词”的结构，用来描述事物保持的状态，stable表示“稳定的”，说明优质睡眠对记忆状态的作用。 10．句意：最重要的是，我们应该通过把新词和已知内容建立联系来记忆新单词。情态动词should后面接动词原形，“by linking them with what we already know”介绍记单词的手段，memorize表示“记忆”。 （三） memorize, recall, technique, effective, image, discuss, position, stable, increase, recognize Do you often forget where you have put your keys? Do you have trouble remembering a long list of new words? Here are some useful 1 that may help you. First, try to make a picture, or 2 , in your mind. Pictures are much easier to remember than words, and they are especially 3 for learning new vocabulary. Second, do not try to 4 everything at once. Divide the information into small parts and review them at different times. Third, talk about what you have learned with your friends. When you 5 a topic with others, you understand it much better. Fourth, keep a 6 mood and get enough sleep, because feeling tired or worried can 7 the number of mistakes you make. Fifth, put the things you use every day in the same 8 , so that your hands can remember for you. Finally, if you still cannot 9 a word, do not give up; just try to 10 the situation in which you first learned it. 【答案】 141． techniques 1．image 2．effective 3．memorize 4．discuss 1．stable 2．increase 3．position 4．recognize 5．recall 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种帮助人们改善记忆的实用方法。 1．句意：这里有一些可以帮到你的实用技巧。后文列举多条改善记忆的办法，technique意为“技巧、方法”，符合语境，some后接可数名词复数，故填techniques。 2．句意：首先，试着在脑海中构建一幅画面，也就是意象。or表示同义替换，和前面的picture对应，image意为“形象、意象”，符合在脑海想象画面的语境，此处用单数形式，故填image。 3．句意：图片比文字更容易记忆，它们对于学习新词汇尤其有效。本段讲图片辅助记忆单词，effective意为“有效的”，be effective for表示“对……有效”，be动词后接形容词作表语，故填effective。 4．句意：第二，不要试图一次性记住所有东西。下文提到把信息拆分成小块复习，memorize意为“记忆、记住”，符合记忆学习的主题，try to后面接动词原形，故填memorize。 5．句意：当你和别人讨论一个话题时，你会理解得更好。前文提到和朋友谈论所学内容，discuss意为“讨论”，discuss a topic表示“讨论一个话题”，when引导的从句主语为you，使用动词原形，故填discuss。 6．句意：第四，保持稳定的情绪并且保证充足睡眠。后文提到疲惫焦虑的负面状态，stable意为“稳定的”，修饰名词mood，stable mood表示“稳定的情绪”，用形容词作定语，故填stable。 7．句意：因为疲惫或者焦虑会增加你犯错的次数。疲惫焦虑会使犯错数量变多，increase意为“增加”，符合逻辑，情态动词can之后接动词原形，故填increase。 8．句意：第五，把你每天使用的物品放在同一个位置。后文提到让双手帮你记忆，position意为“位置”，in the same position表示“在同一个位置”，符合语境，same后接名词，故填position。 9．句意：最后，如果你仍然认不出一个单词，不要放弃。本文围绕记单词展开，recognize意为“认出、识别”，符合语境，cannot后面接动词原形，故填recognize。 10．句意：试着回想你最初学习它时的场景。此处指回忆当初学习单词的情景来辅助记忆，recall意为“回忆、回想”，符合语境，try to后面接动词原形，故填recall。 （四） have   you  improve  easy  memory   effect   material   harm   increase   be You might have a friend or a classmate who remembers every single detail. How can they make it? In fact, there 1 plenty of things that you can do to improve your memory. First of all, interest is important when we remember things. We all agree that we don’t have difficulty 2 the things which we are interested in. You can make 3 have more interest by asking questions—the more, the better! Secondly, the researcher 4 found that information which is organized in groups can be 5 remembered so far. Try grouping similar knowledge together, or make a mind map of textbook reading to help group the information. Moreover, when you’re learning new 6 , you should spend the time thinking about the relationship between the present information and what you’ve already known instead of repeating without thinking. Then it helps you remember the materials. Last but not least, physical exercise is also important for memory because it 7 your heart rate and offers more oxygen (氧气) to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress which is very 8 to the memory. So the next time you’re learning new information, you can use the 9 methods above. I’m sure that you will 10 your memory and get more from it. 【答案】 1．are 2．memorizing 3．yourself 4．has 5．easily 6．materials 7．increases 8．harmful 9．effective 10．improve 【解析】本文介绍了四种提升记忆力的方法，分别是培养兴趣、分组整理信息、关联新旧知识、坚持体育锻炼，告诉读者运用这些有效方法就能改善记忆力。 1．句意：事实上，有很多方法可以提升你的记忆力。本句为there be句型，后面名词things是复数，时态为一般现在时，故填are。 2．句意：我们都认同，记住自己感兴趣的事物毫不费力。固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难），此处表示“记住东西”，将名词memory变为动词memorize的动名词形式memorizing。 3．句意：你可以多提问，让自己产生更多兴趣。主语是you，此处表示“你自己”，用反身代词yourself。 4．句意：到目前为止，研究人员已经发现分块整理的信息更容易被记住。句中so far（到目前为止）是现在完成时标志，主语the researcher为单数，故将have变为has。 5．句意：到目前为止，研究人员已经发现分块整理的信息更容易被记住。此处修饰动词remembered，要用副词，easy的副词形式easily符合语境。 6．句意：此外，当你学习新资料时，你应该花时间思考现有信息和已知内容的关联，而非机械重复。此处表示“学习新资料”，material是可数名词，表泛指用复数形式materials，且后文也有呼应。 7．句意：最后但同样重要，体育运动对记忆力也很重要，因为它能提升心率，给大脑输送更多氧气。主语it是第三人称单数，一般现在时，increase表示“增加（心率）”，变为increases。 8．句意：运动还能减轻对记忆十分有害的压力。固定搭配be harmful to（对……有害），harm的形容词形式harmful符合语境。 9．句意：下次学习新知识时，你可以用上上面这些有效的方法。修饰名词methods需用形容词，effect的形容词effective（有效的）。 10．句意：我相信你会改善记忆力，收获更多。will后接动词原形，improve your memory表示“改善记忆力”，故填improve。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $