构词法和基本句型 导学案-2027届高考英语一轮复习专项

2026-10-08
| 5页
| 209人阅读
| 20人下载
普通

内容正文:

高考英语一轮复习 构词法和基本句型 一轮导学案 (语法填空 + 完成句子)—2026-2027学年高三新高考英语一轮 写在前面:这一讲练什么 构词法和基本句型是语法填空的基础。构词法考词形转换——给你一个形容词,让你变成名词或副词;基本句型考句子结构——让你判断是SV还是SVO,或者根据句型填介词、副词。东西不多,但每年都考,丢分就丢在"该填名词填了形容词""该填副词漏了-ly"。 这一讲重点练四件事:①派生法的前缀后缀;②合成法的合成形容词;③转化法的名词转动词;④8种基本句型的判断和应用,特别是SVOC和双宾语。 ■ 红色=必背重点 ■ 蓝色=易混难点 ■ 橙色=易错提醒 学习目标 1. 掌握派生法的常用前缀(否定前缀)和后缀(名词/形容词/副词后缀)。 2. 掌握合成法的合成形容词(名词+doing/done、形容词+名词+ed)。 3. 掌握转化法(名词转动词、形容词变动词)。 4. 掌握8种基本句型的判断,特别是SVOC和双宾语。 5. 能根据句型结构完成句子和语法填空。 模块一 3大构词法 考点1 派生法(★重难点·每年必考) 前缀一般改变词义不改变词性;后缀一般改变词性不改变词义。 ★否定前缀(高频):un-(unhappy), dis-(disagree), im-(impossible), in-(independent), ir-(irregular), il-(illegal), mis-(misunderstand), non-(non-stop)。 后缀 功能 示例 -tion/-sion/-ment/-ance/-ence 动词→名词 invite→invitation, appear→appearance, develop→development -ness/-ty/-ity/-cy/-dom 形容词→名词 happy→happiness, safe→safety, wise→wisdom -ful/-ous/-al/-y/-ive/-able 名词/动词→形容词 use→useful, danger→dangerous, nature→natural -ly 形容词→副词 real→really, careful→carefully -er/-or/-ist/-ee/-ant 表人 teach→teacher, invent→inventor, art→artist -less 表否定 hope→hopeless, care→careless -en/-fy/-ize 形容词/名词→动词 wide→widen, simple→simplify, real→realize ⚠ ★形容词变副词:一般加-ly,但以-le结尾的去e加y(possible→possibly),以辅音+y结尾的变y为i加ly(happy→happily),true→truly(去e加ly)。 ⚠ ★名词变动词:有些名词直接变动词(water n.水→v.浇水),有些加后缀(wide→widen)。 考点2 合成法(★重难点) 两个或多个词合成一个新词。最常考的是合成形容词: 类型 示例 名词+doing English-speaking, peace-loving, breathtaking 名词+done man-made, heartbroken, custom-made 形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted, kind-hearted, strong-minded 副词+done well-known, well-educated, newly-built 数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old, two-meter-tall 名词+形容词 snow-white, lifelong ⚠ ★合成形容词作定语时,名词用单数:a three-year-old boy(不能说three-years-old)。但作表语时用复数:The boy is three years old. 考点3 转化法(★重难点) 词形不变,词性改变。最常见的是名词转动词: 原词(名词) 转化为动词 含义 water 水 to water 浇水 cook 厨师 to cook 烹调 name 名字 to name 取名 book 书 to book 预订 hand 手 to hand 传递 eye 眼睛 to eye 注视 ⚠ ★转化法在语法填空中常考:给你一个名词,句子里需要动词,直接填名词本身(词形不变)。如:Please hand me the book.(hand在这里是动词"递") 单句填空(构词法·词形转换) 1. ★The Yellow Crane Tower is a ________(breathe)view, especially at sunset. 2. Wuhan hot dry noodles are ________(taste)and cheap, loved by locals and tourists alike. 3. The ________(arrive)of the high-speed train has made travel between Wuhan and Beijing much faster. 4. ★The old man is ________(high)respected in the community for his volunteer work. 5. ★It is ________(polite)to talk loudly in the library near the East Lake. 6. The Hubei Museum is ________(fame)for its ancient chime bells. 7. The ________(develop)of Optics Valley has attracted many high-tech companies to Wuhan. 8. The students were ________(confidence)that they would win the English speech contest. 9. The Wuhan Marathon is an ________(nation)event, attracting runners from all over the world. 10. The guide gave us a ________(detail)introduction to the history of the Yellow Crane Tower. 11. ★The weather in Wuhan is ________(change)— it can be sunny in the morning and rainy in the afternoon. 12. The ________(important)of learning English cannot be overstated. 13. The old craftsman is known for his ________(patient)and careful work. 14. ★The new library is ________(access)to all students, even on weekends. 15. The ________(science)made a great discovery in the field of medicine. 模块二 8种基本句型 考点1 8种基本句型一览 句型 结构 武汉场景例句 SV 主语+谓语 The sun rises. SVO 主语+谓语+宾语 I love Wuhan hot dry noodles. SP 主语+系动词+表语 Wuhan is a beautiful city. SV IO DO 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 The teacher gave us a book. SVOC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 We made him monitor. SVA 主语+谓语+状语 The meeting lasted three hours. SVOA 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 I put the book on the desk. There be There be+主语 There is a park near my home. 考点2 双宾语SV IO DO(★重难点) 有些动词可以接双宾语:间接宾语(人)+ 直接宾语(物)。可以转换为:动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语。 动词 搭配 转换 give give sb sth give sth to sb lend lend sb sth lend sth to sb buy buy sb sth buy sth for sb make make sb sth make sth for sb tell tell sb sth tell sth to sb show show sb sth show sth to sb ⚠ ★to侧重"方向"(give/lend/send/show),for侧重"目的"(buy/make/cook)。不能说explain sb sth,只能说explain sth to sb。 考点3 宾语补足语SVOC(★重难点·易错) 宾语补足语补充说明宾语的状态或动作。常见结构: ① make/let/have + 宾语 + do(不带to的不定式) ② find/think/consider + 宾语 + 形容词/名词 ③ see/hear/watch + 宾语 + do/doing ④ with + 宾语 + doing/done/形容词/介词短语 ⚠ ★make sb do(主动)→ sb be made to do(被动,要加to)。see sb do(看到全过程)→ see sb doing(看到正在做)。 考点4 There be句型(★重难点) There be句型表示"某地有某物",be动词的单复数和后面的主语保持一致(就近原则)。 There is a book and two pens on the desk.(就近原则,a book是单数) There are two pens and a book on the desk.(two pens是复数) ⚠ ★There be句型的时态:There is/are(一般现在), There was/were(一般过去), There will be(一般将来), There has/have been(现在完成)。不能说There have a book. 单句填空(基本句型) 16. The teacher gave ________ a book about Wuhan's history. 17. We made ________ monitor of our class last week. 18. ★There ________ a museum and two parks near the East Lake. 19. ★The old man made his grandson ________(water)the flowers in the garden. 20. I found ________ hard to understand the local dialect in Wuhan. 21. The guide showed ________ around the Hubei Museum yesterday. 22. ★With the guide ________(lead)the way, we found the old street easily. 23. ★There ________ great changes in Wuhan in the past ten years. 24. ★The boy was made ________(apologize)to the teacher for being late. 25. I saw the birds ________(fly)over the Yangtze River when I was walking on the bridge. 26. ★The teacher explained the grammar rules ________ us patiently. 27. ★With all the work ________(finish), we went to the Yellow Crane Tower for a visit. 28. The sun ________(rise)in the east and sets in the west. 29. She bought her mother ________ scarf as a birthday gift. 30. ★There ________ no subway in Wuhan thirty years ago, but now there are many lines. 解题通法:构词法和句型判断两步 第一步(构词法题):看空格在句中的成分——作主语/宾语用名词,作表语/定语用形容词,修饰动词用副词。然后根据词根加相应后缀。 第二步(句型题):找谓语动词——不及物动词是SV,接一个宾语是SVO,接双宾语是SV IO DO,接宾语+补足语是SVOC,接表语是SP。 ⚠ ★最容易丢分的三个点:①形容词变副词的特殊变化(possible→possibly, true→truly);②make sb do主动→be made to do被动要加to;③There be就近原则和时态。 三、完成句子(武汉场景) 根据汉语提示完成句子,每空一词。 31. 黄鹤楼的景色令人叹为观止,尤其是在日落时分。 The view from the Yellow Crane Tower is ________, especially at ________. 32. 老师给了我们一本关于武汉历史的书。 The teacher ________ ________ a book about Wuhan's history. 33. 东湖附近有一个博物馆和两个公园。 ________ ________ a museum and two parks near the East Lake. 34. 我们选他当班长。 We ________ ________ monitor of our class. 35. 这位老人让他的孙子给花园里的花浇水。 The old man made his grandson ________ the ________ in the garden. 36. 在导游的带领下,我们很容易找到了那条老街。 ________ the guide ________ the way, we found the old street easily. 37. 所有工作完成后,我们去黄鹤楼参观了。 With all the work ________, we went to the Yellow Crane Tower ________ a visit. 38. 武汉在过去十年里发生了巨大变化。 ________ ________ ________ great changes in Wuhan in the past ten years. 参考答案 1. breathtaking(合成形容词,令人叹为观止的) 2. tasty(taste→tasty美味的) 3. arrival(arrive→arrival到达) 4. highly(high→highly高度地,抽象程度用highly) 5. impolite(polite→impolite,否定前缀im-) 6. famous(fame→famous著名的) 7. development(develop→development发展) 8. confident(confidence→confident自信的) 9. international(nation→international国际的) 10. detailed(detail→detailed详细的) 11. changeable(change→changeable多变的) 12. importance(important→importance重要性) 13. patient(和careful并列修饰work,用形容词) 14. accessible(access→accessible可使用的) 15. scientist(science→scientist科学家) 16. us/me/him(give sb sth双宾语,间接宾语用宾格) 17. him(make sb sth使某人成为……,宾补) 18. is(There be就近原则,a museum是单数) 19. water(make sb do,不带to的不定式) 20. it(it作形式宾语) 21. us/me(show sb around带某人参观) 22. leading(with+宾语+doing,主动关系) 23. have been(in the past ten years用现在完成时) 24. to apologize(be made to do,被动要加to) 25. flying(see sb doing看到正在做) 26. to(explain sth to sb,不能说explain sb sth) 27. finished(with+宾语+done,被动关系) 28. rises(SV句型,一般现在时第三人称单数) 29. a(buy sb sth双宾语,scarf是可数单数) 30. was(thirty years ago用一般过去时) 31. breathtaking; sunset(令人叹为观止的;日落) 32. gave; us(give sb sth双宾语) 33. There; is(There be就近原则) 34. made; him(make sb sth使某人成为……) 35. water; flowers(make sb do;flower复数) 36. With; leading(with+宾语+doing,主动关系) 37. finished; for(with+宾语+done;for a visit参观) 38. There; have; been(There be现在完成时,changes是复数) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

构词法和基本句型 导学案-2027届高考英语一轮复习专项
1
构词法和基本句型 导学案-2027届高考英语一轮复习专项
2
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。