词性转换和构词法 任务单 2027届高考英语一轮复习

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了词性转换与构词法核心考点，涵盖形容词、副词、名词、动词等词性间的转换规律，按后缀、前缀分类构建知识网络。通过真题实例引导和任务单设计，帮助学生自主梳理考点联系，形成系统认知框架，体现高中英语学习任务单的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于自主诊断与方法指导结合，开篇设置真题实例自测，学生可快速定位薄弱点。通过“句子成分分析”“修饰词判断”等解题策略，培养语言能力和思维品质。每个考点配例词与对点练，支持个性化提升，教师可依据练习反馈精准指导，助力学生自主复习能力养成。

词性转换和构词法在高考中的应用 词性转换在语法填空中的应用 1. Landing on the moon's far side is ________ (extreme) challenging. 2. The far side of the moon is of particular________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山） 3. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied 4. Her years of hard work have ______(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. 5. “...We are so proud of her.It's ________ (wonder)．” 6．They also shared with us many ________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were________(huge) popular with tourists. 答案：1.extremely 2.interest 3.poorly 4.finally 5.wonderful 6.traditional, hugely 知识导航 要点一；形容词变副词的后缀 变化形式 例词 直接加ly  slow→slowly缓慢地 改y为i加ly happy→happily高兴地 去e加ly true→truly真诚地；正确地 对点练1　单句语法填空 ①He sat down and started ________ (gentle) talking to the dog. ② ________ (similar), when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool, he forgot to return it, too. ③You haven't changed at all—you still look ________ (exact) the same as before. ④Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies, but students themselves think _______ _ (different)． ⑤These problems, if not solved ________ (proper), will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nation's future. 答案：1.gently 2.Similarly 3.exactly 4.differently 5.properly 要点二；形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 age short→shortage不足；短缺 cy efficient→efficiency 效率；功效 fluent→fluency     流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy  准确性 private→privacy  隐私；私密 dom free→freedom自由；自主 wise→wisdom  明智；智慧 ce different→difference差异 silent→silence  沉默 ness weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness  仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness  粗心大意 dark→darkness  黑暗 th strong→strength 力气；强项 warm→warmth  温暖；热情 true→truth  真相；真理 wide→width  宽度 y ty ity difficult→difficulty 困难 cruel→cruelty  残酷；残暴 safe→safety  安全 disable→disability  无能；残疾 responsible→responsibility  责任 对点练2　单句语法填空 ①My English improved a lot; more importantly, I gained much ________ (confident)． ②That little act of ________ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good—but it made me feel the best of all! 答案：1.confidence 2.kindness 要点三；动词、名词变形容词的后缀 后缀 例词 accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 ­able fashion→fashionable 时髦的 suit→suitable 合适的 reason→reasonable 有道理的 benefit→beneficial 有益的 music→musical 音乐的 origin→original 最初的 ­al person→personal 个人的；私人的 center→central 中央的；中心的 nature→natural 自然的；天生的 form→formal 正式的 nation→national 全国的 doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 harm→harmful 有害的 hope→hopeful 有希望的 ­ful peace→peaceful 和平的 care→careful 细心的 use→useful 有用的 success→successful 成功的 help→helpful 有帮助的 scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 puzzle→puzzled 迷惑的 ­ed worry→worried 担心的 bore→bored 感到厌倦的 excite→excited 激动的；兴奋的 underline→underlined 加下画线的 balance→balanced 均衡的 surprise→surprising令人惊讶的 convince→convincing 令人信服的 ­ing satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的 worry→worrying 令人担心的 bore→boring 令人厌烦的 access→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的 ­ible horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的 act→active积极的；活跃的 effect→effective 有效的；生效的 ­ive attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 expense→expensive 昂贵的 continue→continuous 不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 ­ous caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 humor→humorous 幽默的 ­some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 taste→tasty 美味的；可口的 health→healthy 健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的 ­y dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的 rain→rainy 有雨的 sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 cloud→cloudy 阴天的 ­ern east→eastern东方的；向东的 west→western 西方的；向西的 ­ish child→childish 孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish 自私的 energy→energetic 精力充沛的 ­ic science→scientific科学的 economy→economic 经济的 history→historic 历史上著名的 ­ary imagine→imaginary 想象中的 对点练3　单句语法填空 ①Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy)． ②Not only the teachers but also the students find the website ________ (benefit)． ③)He was more than just an English teacher, because he also taught me ________ (use) lessons in life. ④Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and ________ (balance) diet. ⑤I don't think it a ________ (reason) practice for them to behave that way in our society. ⑥The meeting supposed to be ________ (success) turned out to be a failure in the end. 答案：1.energetic 2.beneficial 3.useful 4.balanced 5.reasonable 6.successful 要点四；动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 correct→correction改正 attract→attraction 吸引 conclude→conclusion 结论；结束 ­ion/­sion/­ation decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 接纳；准许入学 invite→invitation 邀请 explain→explanation 解释 expect→expectation 期望 teach→teacher老师 ­er/­or announce→announcer 播音员 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员 punish→punishment 惩罚 ­ment achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 argue→argument 辩论；论据 equip→equipment 装备；设备 appear→appearance出现；外貌 ­ance/­ence perform→performance 表演；节目 exist→existence 存在；生存 prefer→preference 偏爱 ­ing hear→hearing 听力；听觉 begin→beginning 开始 fail→failure 失败 ­ure/­ture press→pressure 压力 mix→mixture 混合；混合物 depart→departure 离开；出发 ­y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery 发现 choose→choice 选择 其他 vary→variety 多样化；种类 tend→tendency 趋向；趋势 对点练4　单句语法填空 ①This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. ②—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave. —I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ________ (apologize)． ③Without ________ (hesitate), I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. ④She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year's ________ (elect)． ⑤It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your________ (pronounce)． 答案：1.pollution 2.apology/apologies 3.hesitation 4.election 5.pronunciation 要点五；变动词的前缀与后缀 前/后缀 例词 前缀 en   able→enable使能够large→enlarge  扩大 rich→enrich  使充实；使丰富 danger→endanger  危及 courage→encourage  鼓励 后缀 en broad→broaden 使变宽        ripe→ripen  使成熟        sharp→sharpen  使尖锐        wide→widen  加宽        short→shorten  变短        deep→deepen  加深        dark→darken  使变暗        hard→harden  使变硬 后缀 ify class→classify把……分类 just→justify  证明……正确 simple→simplify  简化 beauty→beautify  美化 ize apology→apologize道歉 emphasis→emphasize  强调 memory→memorize  记住 real→realize  认识到；实现 对点练5　单句语法填空 ①To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. ②My mother ________ (courage) me and insisted that I continue my education. ③Our government attaches much importance to education now, which ________ (able) so many people to be well educated. ④The things he said hurt me too, but he has not ________ (apology) to me. ⑤If you want to live a simple life, you need to________ (simple) your mind. 答案：1.strengthen 2.encouraged 3.enables 4.apologized 5.simplify 要点六；表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀与后缀 前/后缀 例词 前缀 dis agree→disagree不同意 advantage→disadvantage  缺点 appear→disappear  消失 comfort→discomfort  不舒适的 honest→dishonest  不诚实的 il legal→illegal不合法的 logical→illogical  不合逻辑的 前缀 im polite→impolite无礼的 patient→impatient  不耐烦的 moral→immoral  不道德的 in formal→informal 非正式的 convenient→inconvenient  不方便的 direct→indirect  间接的 ir regular→irregular不规则的 responsible→irresponsible  不负责任的 mis understand→misunderstand  误解 lead→mislead误导 前缀 un usual→unusual 不寻常的 willing→unwilling  不愿意的 happy→unhappy  不高兴的 known→unknown  不出名的 后缀 less hope→hopeless 绝望的 end→endless  没完没了的 care→careless  粗心的 help→helpless  无助的 use→useless  无用的 对点练 6 单句语法填空 ①As they couldn't play outdoors, they were ________ (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time. ②People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or ________ (honest)． ③ ________ (formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations. ④We are growing ________ (patient) with the lack of results. 答案：1.unhappy 2.dishonest 3.Informal 4.impatient 语法填空解题“2策略” 1．利用句子成分确定词性 (1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式。 (2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；如果作状语，要想到用副词。 2．根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性 (1)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。 (2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。 据第1条解题 1．This gives the paintings deeper ________ (mean) and more elegance. 2．Grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting ________ (distance) cities. 3．The old people there were talkative and they told us their _________ (person) stories cheerfully. 4．After some time, when both of you have renewed your ___________ (confident) in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart. 5．Therefore, let's take the _______________ (responsible) to build up a low­carbon city by riding bicycles.Come on and join us! 答案：1.meaning 2.distant 3.personal 4.confidence 5.reponsibility 据第2条解题 6．However, behind his physical ___________ (appear), Carry is a warm, fun­loving, intelligent person. 7．Your ideas are very interesting, but we need __________ (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble. 8．During that time a number of ___________ (product) poets turned out as many as 50,000 classical poems. 9．It was always a _________ (pleasant) to visit these two sisters. 10．They all come from the plant Camellia sinensis (茶树), and are _______ (simple) processed in different ways. 答案：6.appearance 7.practical 8.productive 9.pleasure 10.simply 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $