专题03 动词的时态（过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态）（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

专题03 动词的时态（过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 过去完成时（had done） / 考点二 现在完成进行时（have / has been doing） / 考点三 将来进行时（will be doing） / 考点四 过去完成时与过去进行时的被动语态 / 考点五 被动语态易错点拨（无被动 · get 被动 · 主动表被动） 05 限时分层演练 高考真题 / 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖过去完成时（had done）、现在完成进行时（have been doing）、将来进行时（will be doing）三种时态的构成与运用，以及过去完成时（had been done）和过去进行时（was/were being done）的被动语态。重点包括：过去完成时“过去的过去”的判断标志（by / before / when / after / since 等时间状语或上下文）、宾语从句中的时态退后、had hoped / planned 表未实现的愿望、hardly...when / no sooner...than 与“It was the first time that...”等固定句型；现在完成进行时的持续性、重复性与感情色彩；将来进行时的进行、安排、推测与委婉询问四种功能。命题上常结合语法填空（提示词变形）、语篇填空、应用文写作和读后续写等题型设置情境。整体以中档题为主，但“过去完成时 vs 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时”“being done 与 been done”“无被动语态动词与主动表被动”是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 牢记过去完成时（had done）、现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）、将来进行时（will be doing）的构成；牢记两种被动语态（was/were being done、had been done）的构成、否定式与疑问式；熟记常见无被动语态的动词。 理解 理解过去完成时“过去的过去”的相对性；辨析过去完成时与现在完成时、一般过去时的差异；区分现在完成进行时与现在完成时（持续过程 vs 结果影响）；掌握主动形式表被动的六类结构。 应用 能在语法填空和语篇中依据时间标志正确选用时态与语态；能在写作中用过去完成时叙述人物经历、用被动语态描述事件过程、用完成进行时表达持续状态。 考点一 过去完成时（had done） 1. 定义与构成：过去完成时常与 before, by, when, after, since 等引出的时间状语连用，也可以由表示过去的动作或上下文语境推断出。构成：had + ①_________。 I had been waiting at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公交车终于来的时候，我已经在公交站等了 20 分钟。 2.宾语从句或间接引语中，通常用过去完成时表示在叙述时间之前发生的动作，常用于 told, said, knew, heard, thought, found 等动词之后。 She found she had left(leave) her case on the train. 她发现她把箱子落在火车上了。 He said that they had got two first places in the competition. 他说他们已在比赛中得了两个第一。 3.表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended / wanted / expected 等。 We had hoped that you would be able to stay here. 我们原本希望你能留在这儿。 I had expected to visit him, but something unexpected happened. 我本期望去拜访他，但发生了意料之外的事。 4.条件状语从句中表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用②_________。 If I had known (know) the truth earlier, I would not have misunderstood him. 如果我早点知道实情，就不会误解他了。 5.固定句型一：Hardly had sb. done...when... / No sooner had sb. done...than...，意为“某人一做……就……”，主句用过去完成时且须部分倒装。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们一坐下，公共汽车就开动了。 Hardly had I come out of the railway station when my friend ran to me and helped me carry my luggage. 我一走出火车站，朋友就跑过来帮我拿行李。 6.固定句型二：This / That / It was the first / second /... time that... 意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”，从句用过去完成时；This / That / It was the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 从句，从句同样常用过去完成时。 It was the second time that I had visited (visit) your school. 这是我第二次参观你们的学校。 This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend. 这是我给过朋友最好的忠告。 7.固定句型三：It was + 一段时间 + since...had done sth. 当从句用延续性动词时，意为“不做某事已多长时间”；用非延续性动词时，意为“做某事以来已多长时间”。 It was five years since we had been (be) here.（我们离开这儿已经五年了。） It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.（我们有 10 年没这么高兴过了。） ⚠️易错点拨 before 和 after 引导时间状语从句时，由于它们本身已表明动作发生的先后顺序，若主、从句动作紧密相连，则主、从句都可用一般过去时。 Where did you study before you came here?　After he closed the door, he left the classroom. ⚠️概念辨析 过去完成时 vs 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 时态 侧重点 典型时间标志 现在完成时 过去发生，强调对现在产生的结果或影响 so far, up to now, recently, since... 过去完成时 相对时态，以过去时间为基点，强调“过去的过去” by + 过去时间, before..., when... 一般过去时 只强调过去某一特定时间发生的动作 yesterday, at ten, last week... ⚠️记忆口诀 “had done 过去的过去，by 短语是标记；hope want 后加 done，愿望落空要牢记；hardly / no sooner 倒装句，一……就……别迟疑。” 考点二 现在完成进行时（have / has been doing） 1.构成：have / has been + ③_________。 2.用法一：表示某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续进行下去，常与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用。 People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 自古希腊时代以来，人们就不断涌入体育场。 I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn’t come yet. 我都等了一个小时了，但她还没来。 3.用法二：表示动作从过去到现在断断续续地重复，常与 lately, recently, this week, this year 等连用。 She has been phoning (phone) Jim every night for the past two weeks. 两个星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 4.用法三：带浓厚的感情色彩，表示“愿望或感慨”等。 You are here! I have been looking for you for a long time. 你在这里啊！我找了你很长时间。 ⚠️概念辨析 现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时 现在完成时表示动作已经完成，强调动作的结果或影响；现在完成进行时表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内持续进行并可能继续，强调持续性、重复性或感情色彩。 现在完成进行时（持续性 / 重复 / 感情） 现在完成时（结果 / 影响 / 事实） I have been thinking it over.（一直在仔细考虑） I have thought it over.（考虑过了） I have been reading the book since last week.（一直在读） I have read this book before.（读过） Recently she has always been helping me.（表示赞许） Recently she has helped me a lot.（陈述事实） ⚠️避坑指南 状态动词（know, love, own, believe 等）一般不用完成进行时，应说 I have known him for years.，不能说 have been knowing。 考点三 将来进行时（will be doing） 1.构成：will / shall be + ④_________。 2.用法一：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常见标志性时间状语有 this time tomorrow, at 10 o’clock next Monday 等。 I will be discussing (discuss) the situation with colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将正在和同事们讨论这种情况。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 五点到六点之间别给我打电话，那时我们正在吃饭。 3.用法二：表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。 I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将会休假。 Professor Wang will be giving a lecture on Chinese poetry tomorrow evening. 王教授明天晚上要做一场关于中国诗歌的讲座。 4.用法三：表示对说话时的情况进行推测，有“我料想，我估计”的含义。 Hurry up. They will be waiting. 快点，（我估计）他们会在等着呢。 Haven’t you written home yet? Your mother will be worrying about you. 还没给家里写信？你妈妈在为你担心。 5.用法四：在一般疑问句中表示委婉地询问别人的打算或安排。 Will you be using the car tomorrow? 你明天会用这辆车吗？ Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要其他东西吗？ ⚠️避坑指南 will do 可表临时决定或意愿（I will help you.）；will be doing 只陈述将来某时正在进行或按计划发生的事实，不表意愿。语法填空中见到 this time + 将来时间，优先考虑将来进行时。 考点四 过去完成时与过去进行时的被动语态 1.过去完成时的被动语态：had + ⑤_________ + 过去分词；过去进行时的被动语态：was / were + ⑥_________ + 过去分词。 2.过去完成时的被动语态用在 found, told, said, heard, knew, thought, reminded 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句中的动作已经被完成。 The boy was reminded that his homework hadn’t been handed (not hand) in. 这个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没有交。 When she got home, she found that her keys had been left(leave) in her office. 她到家时发现钥匙落在办公室里了。 3.当 before, when, by the time 等引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，而主句的被动动作发生在从句动作之前时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态；当 before, by 后接过去的时间点或过去的某一事件，且动作已完成时，同样用过去完成时的被动语态。 How many buildings had been destroyed(destroy) when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ By the time the messenger reached him, the damage had been done. 送信人到达他那儿时，损失已经造成了。 By the end of last month, those houses had been built. 到上个月月底，那些房子已经建好了。 4.句式变换： 句式 结构 肯定式 had been + 过去分词 否定式 had not been + 过去分词 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他? （Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句? 5.用在条件状语从句中，表示对过去事实的虚拟，表示从句的动作已经被完成；也可用于“This / That / It was the first / second /... time that...”句型，表示从句动作已被完成。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 如果我早一点被邀请，我就和你一起去了。 It was the second time that his bike had been stolen (steal). 这是他的自行车第二次被偷了。 ⚠️易混易错 was/were being done（当时正在被做） vs had been done（在那之前已被做），关键看语境中动作是“进行中”还是“已完成”： The house was being cleaned when the guests arrived.（客人到时正在打扫） The meal had been prepared and I sat at the table to enjoy myself.（饭已备好我才入座） ⚠️记忆口诀 “进行被动 being 顶，was / were being done 正在做；完成被动 had been，先前完成已结果。” 考点五 被动语态易错点拨（无被动 · get 被动 · 主动表被动） 1.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态：have（有）、cost（花费）、lack（缺少）、suit（适合）；belong to（属于）、suffer from（遭受）、date from / back to（追溯到）、consist of（由……组成）、take part in（参加）。 I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop, which cost 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书，花了 15 元。 2.不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态：happen / take place / occur（发生）、remain（剩下、保持、仍然是）、break out（爆发）、last（持续）、come out（出版）、come up（被提出）、lose heart（失去信心）、run out（用完）。 An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 3.“get + ⑦_________”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 The patient gets (get) treated once a week. 那位病人一周接受一次治疗。 4.主动形式表示被动意义的六种常见结构： 序号 结构 例句 (1) 表示主语属性特征或功能的动词（read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, draw 等）与 well, easily, smoothly 等副词连用 The new novel sells well. (2) 系动词 smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove 等后接形容词作表语 The flowers smell sweet. (3) open, close, lock, move, keep 等与 won’t / can’t / wouldn’t 连用 The door won’t lock. (4) need, want, require, deserve, bear 等动词或 worth 之后，动名词用主动形式表被动（相当于不定式的被动式） The house needs repairing. = needs to be repaired. (5) “主语 + be + 形容词 + 不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式（nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等） The question is difficult to answer. (6) be to blame（应受责备）本身即主动形式表被动意义 Who is to blame for the mistake? ⚠️避坑指南 语法填空中若提示词是上述“无被动”动词（如 belong, cost, date），却给了被动语境，千万别填被动形式——belong to 只能说 The book belongs to Tom.，不能说 is belonged to。 【参考答案】 规则挖空：① 过去分词　② 过去完成时　③ doing　④ doing　⑤ been　⑥ being　⑦ 过去分词 高考真题（限时：15分钟） 1.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】 15. had made 16. are achieved 15. 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 16. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 2.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】 18. left 19.which 【解析】18.考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 19. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 3.（2024全国甲卷） They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 4.(2024新课标II卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 5.(2024北京卷) My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【答案】jogged 【解析】考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 6.(2024浙江1月卷)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】42. have started 43. designed 【解析】42.考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 43.考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 7.(2024北京卷)On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【答案】was named 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 8.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】40. Inspired 41. was built 【解析】40.考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 41.考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 9．（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 【答案】be offered 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 基础固本练（限时：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1. There was no positive evidence that any birth defects had ________(arise) as a result of Vitamin A intake. 【答案】arisen 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：没有确凿的证据表明任何出生缺陷是由于摄入维生素A引起的。arise“引起，产生”为动词，此处为that引导的同位语从句的谓语，根据空前的had可知，从句为过去完成时，已有助动词had，需填过去分词arisen构成过去完成时。故填arisen。 2. This is the parcel which we have been ________(expect) from New York. 【答案】expecting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这就是我们一直期待从纽约寄来的包裹。which引导定语从句，expect是从句谓语动词，与主语we是主动关系，根据句意和空前的have been可知，从句用现在完成进行时，故填expecting。 3. Although he didn’t admit that he ________(cheat) in the exam, his facial expression gave him away. 【答案】had cheated 【详解】考查时态。句意：虽然他不承认考试作弊，但他的面部表情泄露了他的秘密。由didn’t admit可知，cheat的动作发生在过去的过去，因此时态用过去完成时，故填had cheated。 4. Scientists have been ________(contribute) to the fight against diseases for decades. 【答案】contributing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几十年来，科学家们一直在为对抗疾病做出贡献。根据句意及“for decades”可知，此处表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，使用现在完成进行时，由“have/has been+现在分词”构成，故填contributing。 5. The news came as no surprise to me as I ________(know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 【答案】had known 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这个消息对我来说并不意外，因为我已经知道一段时间了,这家工厂要关闭。此处是从句的谓语动词，根据主句时态“came”以及“for some time”和语境可知，知道工厂要关闭这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“came”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时，其结构是“had + 过去分词”，know的过去分词是known，故填had known。 6. For forty years Jane Goodall ________(help) the rest of the world understand and respect the life of wild animals. 【答案】has been helping 【详解】考查时态。句意：四十年来，Jane Goodall一直在帮助世界其他地方了解和尊重野生动物的生活。根据时间状语“For forty years”可知，句子描述的是从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且有可能继续持续下去，所以应用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/has been doing”，主语Jane Goodall是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，help的现在分词是helping。故填has been helping。 7. At that moment, she realized that she ________(follow) by a stranger, so she quickened her pace. 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：就在那时，她意识到自己正被一个陌生人跟踪，于是加快了脚步。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句的谓语动词realized以及从句中的时间状语at that moment可知，从句应使用过去进行时，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，主语she与动词follow之间是被动关系，因此用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”，主语she是第三人称单数，助动词用was。故填was being followed。 8. They ________(pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them. 【答案】have been praying 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他们一直向神明祈祷，希望他们失散已久的儿子将早日与他们团聚。本句是含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句用了一般将来时，因此主句要用现在范畴的时态。本句语境暗含“他们一直在祈祷儿子回来”，可推断祈祷这个动作反复发生，而且还会持续下去。符合这种语境的时态是现在完成进行时，由“have/has been+V-ing”构成，主语they是复数代词，助动词用have，pray直接加-ing即可。故填have been praying。 9. By the end of last year, 2,000 cars ________(produce) by the company. 【答案】had been produced 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到去年年底，这家公司已经生产了2000辆汽车。时间状语“By the end of last year”表示“到去年年底”，是过去完成时的标志，谓语动词produce(生产)与主语cars之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been produced。 10. Since the beginning of the new year, he ________(work) on the farm. 【答案】has been working 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：自新年伊始，他一直在农场劳作。根据时间状语“Since the beginning of the new year (自新年开始)”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，且根据语境暗示“可能仍在继续”，需用现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)来强调动作的持续性和未完成性。主语为第三人称单数he，助动词用has。故填 has been working。 二、句型转换 1. He said to me, “I finished the report an hour ago.”（改为间接引语） He told me that he ________ ________ the report an hour ________. 【答案】had finished；before 【详解】考查间接引语与时态。句意：他对我说他一个小时前完成了那份报告。直接引语变间接引语时，主句谓语 said 为一般过去时，从句时态需"后退一步"：一般过去时 finished → 过去完成时 had finished。同时 an hour ago 要改为 an hour before（ago → before）。故填 had finished；before。 2. She will come to see us. She will probably arrive at this time next Sunday.（合并为一句，用将来进行时） She ________ ________ ________ us at this time next Sunday. 【答案】will be visiting 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：下周日这个时候她将正在来看望我们。at this time next Sunday 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时 will be doing。come to see sb. 可用 visit sb. 表达，故填 will be visiting。 3. They will be discussing the plan at nine tomorrow morning.（改为否定句和一般疑问句） → （否定句）_________________________________________________________________________________ → （一般疑问句）_____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】They will not be discussing the plan at nine tomorrow morning.；Will they be discussing the plan at nine tomorrow morning? 【详解】考查将来进行时的句式变化。将来进行时肯定式为 will be doing；否定式在 will 后加 not，即 will not be doing；一般疑问句把 will 提前到句首，首字母大写，其余不变。 4. The old bridge was under repair last month.（用过去进行时的被动语态改写） The old bridge ________ ________ ________ last month. 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查过去进行时被动语态。句意：那座老桥上个月正在维修。be under repair 相当于 be being repaired。主语 The old bridge 与 repair 之间是被动关系，时间为过去某时正在进行，应用过去进行时被动语态 was/were being done。主语为单数，故填 was being repaired。 5. By the time the police arrived, someone had taken away the evidence.（改为被动语态） By the time the police arrived, the evidence ________ ________ ________ away. 【答案】had been taken 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：警察到达时，已经有人把证据拿走了。原句 had taken 为过去完成时主动语态，改为被动需用过去完成时被动语态 had been done。主语 the evidence 与 take away 之间为被动关系，故填 had been taken。 6. The manager had signed all the documents before the meeting began.（改为被动语态） All the documents ________ ________ ________ by the manager before the meeting began. 【答案】had been signed 【详解】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：会议开始前，经理已经签好了所有文件。原句为过去完成时主动语态 had signed，宾语 all the documents 提到句首作主语后，应用被动语态 had been done。故填 had been signed。 7. This is the second time that I have visited this science museum.（改为以一般过去时叙述的句子） That was the second time that I ________ ________ this science museum. 【答案】had visited 【详解】考查固定句型与时态。句意：那是我第二次参观这座科技博物馆。This is the + 序数词 + time that... 后面接现在完成时；改为 That was... 时，主句为一般过去时，从句须"后退一步"，用过去完成时。故填 had visited。 8. We had hardly got off the train when it started to move.（用 No sooner...than... 改写） No sooner ________ we ________ off the train ________ it started to move. 【答案】had；got；than 【详解】考查倒装句型。句意：我们刚下火车，车就开动了。hardly...when... 与 no sooner...than... 同义，两者置于句首时主句须部分倒装，且用过去完成时。结构为：No sooner had + 主语 + done + than + 一般过去时从句。故填 had；got；than。 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析谓语动词的时态）（2026年1月浙江卷） There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) ____56____ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. One of my earliest memories is being held ____57____ her arms, counting down the flashing green ____58____ (number) together. Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes ____59____ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, ____60____ (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____61____ always ended in laughter. My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember ____62____ (push) a supermarket trolley (手推车) over ____63____ uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. She would speed up, the wind blowing our hair back ____64____ my tiny voice singing out, “Weeee-eee-eee!” I realise now that Mum didn’t find the joy in these tasks: she created it. Who cares if neighbours can hear you singing along to a microwave? Life is full of so many ____65____ (seem) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 【答案】56. to finish 57.in 58. numbers 59.watching 60. excitement 61. that(which) 62. being pushed 63. the 64. and 65. seemingly 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过回忆母亲将日常琐事（如等待微波炉加热、超市购物）变得充满趣味和仪式感的几个瞬间，感悟到生活的快乐并非被动发现，而是主动创造的智慧，表达了乐观的生活态度。 56. to finish 考查点：非谓语动词（动词不定式）。 句子结构分析：“There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave __________ heating”。主句为“There are few people...”，后接“who”引导的定语从句。在定语从句中，“waiting for a microwave”是介词“in”的宾语，构成动名词短语作宾语。 考点定位：本题考查“wait for sb/sth to do sth”这一固定结构，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”。其中，动词不定式“to do”作宾语补足语，说明等待的内容或结果。 代入验证：等待微波炉“完成”加热，动词“finish”需用其不定式形式“to finish”。句子意为“几乎没有人能在等待微波炉完成加热的过程中找到乐趣”。 干扰项排除：此处若填“finishing”，则构成“wait for a microwave finishing”，不符合英语固定搭配习惯。 57. in 考查点：介词。 句子结构分析：“One of my earliest memories is being held __________ her arms...”。句子主干是“One... is being held...”，是被动语态的现在分词短语作表语。 考点定位：本题考查固定短语“in one’s arms”，意为“在某人怀里/臂弯里”。这是一个表示位置或状态的常用介词短语。 代入验证：我被“抱在她的臂弯里”，介词“in”准确表达了被包裹、容纳其中的空间关系。 58. numbers 考查点：名词（复数形式）。 句子结构分析：“...counting down the flashing green __________ together”。此处“counting down”（倒数）的宾语是“the flashing green __________”。 考点定位：微波炉或类似电子设备上的倒数通常是显示一串递减的“数字”。“green”是形容词修饰后面的名词。由于倒数涉及多个数字（例如从60到0），此处应用复数形式。 代入验证：“倒数闪烁的绿色数字”，“numbers”用复数形式符合常理和语境。 干扰项排除：单数“number”通常指一个具体的数目或号码，与此处描述的动态倒数过程不符。 59. watching 考查点：非谓语动词（现在分词）与独立主格结构。 句子结构分析：“She would dance us... , our eyes __________ the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown...”。此句为主从复合句。主句“She would dance us...”，后面“our eyes __________ the microwave...”是一个独立主格结构，对主句进行伴随说明。 考点定位：独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/介词短语等”构成。此处“our eyes”是逻辑主语，它与动词“watch”之间是主动关系（眼睛“看着”微波炉），且动作与主句谓语“would dance”同时发生，因此应用现在分词形式“watching”。 代入验证：“我们的眼睛注视着微波炉”，用“watching”构成“our eyes watching...”的独立主格结构，表伴随状态，语法正确且表意生动。 60. excitement 考查点：词性转换（动词→名词）。 句子结构分析：“...excited and tension building to that final moment”。此处 “excitement and tension” 是并列名词，作独立主格结构的逻辑主语，后面 “building” 是现在分词，构成“名词 + 现在分词”的独立主格结构。 考点定位：空格与“tension”（名词：紧张感）由“and”连接，构成并列结构，因此空格处也需要一个名词。括号内给出的词是“excite”（动词：使兴奋），需转换为名词形式“excitement”（兴奋感）。 代入验证：“兴奋感和紧张感累积到最后时刻”。“excitement”与“tension”词性一致，意义并列，共同描述了等待过程中的情绪变化。 61. that / which 考查点：定语从句关系代词。 句子结构分析：“...a scream __________ always ended in laughter”。主句为“we overshadowed... with our own performance, ... — a scream...”。破折号后的“a scream”是对前面 “shouting into the air” 的补充说明，后接定语从句 “that / which always ended in laughter”。 考点定位：分析定语从句“__________ always ended in laughter”。从句缺少主语，指代先行词“a scream”（物）。因此，需要填入一个在从句中作主语的关系代词。指物时，作主语的关系代词可以是“that”或“which”。 代入验证：“一场总是以大笑收尾的尖叫”。关系代词“that”或“which”在从句中作主语，指代“scream”，引导定语从句，语法正确。 62. being pushed 考查点：非谓语动词（动名词的被动式）及动词搭配。 句子结构分析：“I remember __________ a supermarket trolley over uneven car park ground...”。此处“remember”是谓语动词。 考点定位：“remember”后可接动名词（remember doing）表示“记得做过某事”，也可接不定式（remember to do）表示“记得要去做某事”。根据上下文，这里是作者回忆过去“被推着”的经历，所以用动名词形式。此外，根据前文 “being held in her arms”, “feeling so high up there”, “She would dance us left and right” 可知，作者当时是婴儿，坐在超市手推车里，由妈妈推着走。因此 “I” 与 “push” 之间是被动关系。 代入验证：“我记得（自己）被推着一辆超市手推车……”。“being pushed”作“remember”的宾语，准确表达了“被推着”这一过去的被动经历。 63. the 考查点：冠词。 句子结构分析：“...over __________ uneven car park ground...”。空格后是名词短语“uneven car park ground”。 考点定位：此处的中心名词是 ground。Ground 在表示“地面、土地”时，通常是不可数名词。不可数名词在表示泛指时，前面不加冠词；在表示特指时，加定冠词 the。句中描述的 uneven car park ground特指当时“我们”推着手推车经过的那个停车场的那块不平的地面。因此，这里需要一个定冠词 the。 代入验证：“over the uneven car park ground”（越过那块不平整的停车场地面），冠词使用正确。 64. and 考查点：并列连词。 句子结构分析：“She would speed up, the wind blowing our hair back __________ my tiny voice singing out...”。句子主干是“She would speed up”，后面是两个独立主格结构“the wind blowing...”和“my tiny voice singing...”对情景进行补充描述。 考点定位：这两个独立主格结构“the wind blowing...”和“my tiny voice singing...”是并列关系，共同描绘了加速时的生动画面。因此，需要用并列连词“and”将它们连接起来。 代入验证：“她会加速，风吹着我们的头发向后飞扬，而我稚嫩的声音高喊着……”。“and”连接两个并列的伴随状态，使描述层次清晰、画面完整。 65. seemingly 考查点：词性转换（动词→副词）。 句子结构分析：“Life is full of so many __________ uneventful moments...”。空格位于形容词“uneventful”（平淡无奇的）之前，修饰该形容词。 考点定位：修饰形容词，应用副词。括号内给出的是动词“seem”（看起来），其副词形式为“seemingly”（看似，表面上）。 代入验证：“生活中充满了那么多看似平淡无奇的时刻……”。“seemingly”作状语修饰“uneventful”，表达了作者的观点：这些时刻只是表面平淡，实则蕴含创造快乐的潜力。 二、单句翻译（汉译英，用指定结构） 1. 昨天我到那儿的时候，他已经完成作业了。（过去完成时） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我一到家就下起了大雨。（Hardly...when...） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 从早上八点起她一直在准备面试。（现在完成进行时） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 明天下午三点我们将在会议室开会。（将来进行时） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他到家时发现窗户已经被打破了。（过去完成时被动） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. He had finished his homework when I got there yesterday. 2. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain heavily. 3. She has been preparing for the interview since eight in the morning. 4. We will be having a meeting in the meeting room at three tomorrow afternoon. 5. When he got home, he found that the window had been broken. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词的时态（过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 过去完成时（had done） / 考点二 现在完成进行时（have / has been doing） / 考点三 将来进行时（will be doing） / 考点四 过去完成时与过去进行时的被动语态 / 考点五 被动语态易错点拨（无被动 · get 被动 · 主动表被动） 05 限时分层演练 高考真题 / 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖过去完成时（had done）、现在完成进行时（have been doing）、将来进行时（will be doing）三种时态的构成与运用，以及过去完成时（had been done）和过去进行时（was/were being done）的被动语态。重点包括：过去完成时“过去的过去”的判断标志（by / before / when / after / since 等时间状语或上下文）、宾语从句中的时态退后、had hoped / planned 表未实现的愿望、hardly...when / no sooner...than 与“It was the first time that...”等固定句型；现在完成进行时的持续性、重复性与感情色彩；将来进行时的进行、安排、推测与委婉询问四种功能。命题上常结合语法填空（提示词变形）、语篇填空、应用文写作和读后续写等题型设置情境。整体以中档题为主，但“过去完成时 vs 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时”“being done 与 been done”“无被动语态动词与主动表被动”是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 牢记过去完成时（had done）、现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）、将来进行时（will be doing）的构成；牢记两种被动语态（was/were being done、had been done）的构成、否定式与疑问式；熟记常见无被动语态的动词。 理解 理解过去完成时“过去的过去”的相对性；辨析过去完成时与现在完成时、一般过去时的差异；区分现在完成进行时与现在完成时（持续过程 vs 结果影响）；掌握主动形式表被动的六类结构。 应用 能在语法填空和语篇中依据时间标志正确选用时态与语态；能在写作中用过去完成时叙述人物经历、用被动语态描述事件过程、用完成进行时表达持续状态。 考点一 过去完成时（had done） 1. 定义与构成：过去完成时常与 before, by, when, after, since 等引出的时间状语连用，也可以由表示过去的动作或上下文语境推断出。构成：had + ①_________。 I had been waiting at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公交车终于来的时候，我已经在公交站等了 20 分钟。 2.宾语从句或间接引语中，通常用过去完成时表示在叙述时间之前发生的动作，常用于 told, said, knew, heard, thought, found 等动词之后。 She found she _________ (leave) her case on the train. 她发现她把箱子落在火车上了。 He said that they had got two first places in the competition. 他说他们已在比赛中得了两个第一。 3.表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended / wanted / expected 等。 We had hoped that you would be able to stay here. 我们原本希望你能留在这儿。 I had expected to visit him, but something unexpected happened. 我本期望去拜访他，但发生了意料之外的事。 4.条件状语从句中表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用②_________。 If I _________ (know) the truth earlier, I would not have misunderstood him. 如果我早点知道实情，就不会误解他了。 5.固定句型一：Hardly had sb. done...when... / No sooner had sb. done...than...，意为“某人一做……就……”，主句用过去完成时且须部分倒装。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们一坐下，公共汽车就开动了。 Hardly had I come out of the railway station when my friend ran to me and helped me carry my luggage. 我一走出火车站，朋友就跑过来帮我拿行李。 6.固定句型二：This / That / It was the first / second /... time that... 意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”，从句用过去完成时；This / That / It was the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 从句，从句同样常用过去完成时。 It was the second time that I _________ (visit) your school. 这是我第二次参观你们的学校。 This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend. 这是我给过朋友最好的忠告。 7.固定句型三：It was + 一段时间 + since...had done sth. 当从句用延续性动词时，意为“不做某事已多长时间”；用非延续性动词时，意为“做某事以来已多长时间”。 It was five years since we _________ (be) here.（我们离开这儿已经五年了。） It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.（我们有 10 年没这么高兴过了。） ⚠️易错点拨 before 和 after 引导时间状语从句时，由于它们本身已表明动作发生的先后顺序，若主、从句动作紧密相连，则主、从句都可用一般过去时。 Where did you study before you came here?　After he closed the door, he left the classroom. ⚠️概念辨析 过去完成时 vs 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 时态 侧重点 典型时间标志 现在完成时 过去发生，强调对现在产生的结果或影响 so far, up to now, recently, since... 过去完成时 相对时态，以过去时间为基点，强调“过去的过去” by + 过去时间, before..., when... 一般过去时 只强调过去某一特定时间发生的动作 yesterday, at ten, last week... ⚠️记忆口诀 “had done 过去的过去，by 短语是标记；hope want 后加 done，愿望落空要牢记；hardly / no sooner 倒装句，一……就……别迟疑。” 考点二 现在完成进行时（have / has been doing） 1.构成：have / has been + ③_________。 2.用法一：表示某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续进行下去，常与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用。 People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 自古希腊时代以来，人们就不断涌入体育场。 I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn’t come yet. 我都等了一个小时了，但她还没来。 3.用法二：表示动作从过去到现在断断续续地重复，常与 lately, recently, this week, this year 等连用。 She _________ (phone) Jim every night for the past two weeks. 两个星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 4.用法三：带浓厚的感情色彩，表示“愿望或感慨”等。 You are here! I have been looking for you for a long time. 你在这里啊！我找了你很长时间。 ⚠️概念辨析 现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时 现在完成时表示动作已经完成，强调动作的结果或影响；现在完成进行时表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内持续进行并可能继续，强调持续性、重复性或感情色彩。 现在完成进行时（持续性 / 重复 / 感情） 现在完成时（结果 / 影响 / 事实） I have been thinking it over.（一直在仔细考虑） I have thought it over.（考虑过了） I have been reading the book since last week.（一直在读） I have read this book before.（读过） Recently she has always been helping me.（表示赞许） Recently she has helped me a lot.（陈述事实） ⚠️避坑指南 状态动词（know, love, own, believe 等）一般不用完成进行时，应说 I have known him for years.，不能说 have been knowing。 考点三 将来进行时（will be doing） 1.构成：will / shall be + ④_________。 2.用法一：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常见标志性时间状语有 this time tomorrow, at 10 o’clock next Monday 等。 I _________ (discuss) the situation with colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将正在和同事们讨论这种情况。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 五点到六点之间别给我打电话，那时我们正在吃饭。 3.用法二：表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。 I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将会休假。 Professor Wang will be giving a lecture on Chinese poetry tomorrow evening. 王教授明天晚上要做一场关于中国诗歌的讲座。 4.用法三：表示对说话时的情况进行推测，有“我料想，我估计”的含义。 Hurry up. They will be waiting. 快点，（我估计）他们会在等着呢。 Haven’t you written home yet? Your mother will be worrying about you. 还没给家里写信？你妈妈在为你担心。 5.用法四：在一般疑问句中表示委婉地询问别人的打算或安排。 Will you _________ the car tomorrow? 你明天会用这辆车吗？ Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要其他东西吗？ ⚠️避坑指南 will do 可表临时决定或意愿（I will help you.）；will be doing 只陈述将来某时正在进行或按计划发生的事实，不表意愿。语法填空中见到 this time + 将来时间，优先考虑将来进行时。 考点四 过去完成时与过去进行时的被动语态 1.过去完成时的被动语态：had + ⑤_________ + 过去分词；过去进行时的被动语态：was / were + ⑥_________ + 过去分词。 2.过去完成时的被动语态用在 found, told, said, heard, knew, thought, reminded 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句中的动作已经被完成。 The boy was reminded that his homework _________ (not hand) in. 这个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没有交。 When she got home, she found that her keys _________ (leave) in her office. 她到家时发现钥匙落在办公室里了。 3.当 before, when, by the time 等引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，而主句的被动动作发生在从句动作之前时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态；当 before, by 后接过去的时间点或过去的某一事件，且动作已完成时，同样用过去完成时的被动语态。 How many buildings _________ (destroy) when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ By the time the messenger reached him, the damage had been done. 送信人到达他那儿时，损失已经造成了。 By the end of last month, those houses had been built. 到上个月月底，那些房子已经建好了。 4.句式变换： 句式 结构 肯定式 had been + 过去分词 否定式 had not been + 过去分词 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他? （Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句? 5.用在条件状语从句中，表示对过去事实的虚拟，表示从句的动作已经被完成；也可用于“This / That / It was the first / second /... time that...”句型，表示从句动作已被完成。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 如果我早一点被邀请，我就和你一起去了。 It was the second time that his bike _________ (steal). 这是他的自行车第二次被偷了。 ⚠️易混易错 was/were being done（当时正在被做） vs had been done（在那之前已被做），关键看语境中动作是“进行中”还是“已完成”： The house was being cleaned when the guests arrived.（客人到时正在打扫） The meal had been prepared and I sat at the table to enjoy myself.（饭已备好我才入座） ⚠️记忆口诀 “进行被动 being 顶，was / were being done 正在做；完成被动 had been，先前完成已结果。” 考点五 被动语态易错点拨（无被动 · get 被动 · 主动表被动） 1.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态：have（有）、cost（花费）、lack（缺少）、suit（适合）；belong to（属于）、suffer from（遭受）、date from / back to（追溯到）、consist of（由……组成）、take part in（参加）。 I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop, which cost 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书，花了 15 元。 2.不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态：happen / take place / occur（发生）、remain（剩下、保持、仍然是）、break out（爆发）、last（持续）、come out（出版）、come up（被提出）、lose heart（失去信心）、run out（用完）。 An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 3.“get + ⑦_________”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 The patient _________ (get) treated once a week. 那位病人一周接受一次治疗。 4.主动形式表示被动意义的六种常见结构： 序号 结构 例句 (1) 表示主语属性特征或功能的动词（read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, draw 等）与 well, easily, smoothly 等副词连用 The new novel sells well. (2) 系动词 smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove 等后接形容词作表语 The flowers smell sweet. (3) open, close, lock, move, keep 等与 won’t / can’t / wouldn’t 连用 The door won’t lock. (4) need, want, require, deserve, bear 等动词或 worth 之后，动名词用主动形式表被动（相当于不定式的被动式） The house needs repairing. = needs to be repaired. (5) “主语 + be + 形容词 + 不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式（nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等） The question is difficult to answer. (6) be to blame（应受责备）本身即主动形式表被动意义 Who is to blame for the mistake? ⚠️避坑指南 语法填空中若提示词是上述“无被动”动词（如 belong, cost, date），却给了被动语境，千万别填被动形式——belong to 只能说 The book belongs to Tom.，不能说 is belonged to。 高考真题（限时：15分钟） 1.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 2.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 3.（2024全国甲卷） They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 4.(2024新课标II卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 5.(2024北京卷) My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 6.(2024浙江1月卷)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 7.(2024北京卷)On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 8.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 9．（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 基础固本练（限时：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1. There was no positive evidence that any birth defects had ________(arise) as a result of Vitamin A intake. 2. This is the parcel which we have been ________(expect) from New York. 3. Although he didn’t admit that he ________(cheat) in the exam, his facial expression gave him away. 4. Scientists have been ________(contribute) to the fight against diseases for decades. 5. The news came as no surprise to me as I ________(know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 6. For forty years Jane Goodall ________(help) the rest of the world understand and respect the life of wild animals. 7. At that moment, she realized that she ________(follow) by a stranger, so she quickened her pace. 8. They ________(pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them. 9. By the end of last year, 2,000 cars ________(produce) by the company. 10. Since the beginning of the new year, he ________(work) on the farm. 二、句型转换 1. He said to me, “I finished the report an hour ago.”（改为间接引语） He told me that he ________ ________ the report an hour ________. 2. She will come to see us. She will probably arrive at this time next Sunday.（合并为一句，用将来进行时） She ________ ________ ________ us at this time next Sunday. 3. They will be discussing the plan at nine tomorrow morning.（改为否定句和一般疑问句） → （否定句）_________________________________________________________________________________ → （一般疑问句）_____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The old bridge was under repair last month.（用过去进行时的被动语态改写） The old bridge ________ ________ ________ last month. 5. By the time the police arrived, someone had taken away the evidence.（改为被动语态） By the time the police arrived, the evidence ________ ________ ________ away. 6. The manager had signed all the documents before the meeting began.（改为被动语态） All the documents ________ ________ ________ by the manager before the meeting began. 7. This is the second time that I have visited this science museum.（改为以一般过去时叙述的句子） That was the second time that I ________ ________ this science museum. 8. We had hardly got off the train when it started to move.（用 No sooner...than... 改写） No sooner ________ we ________ off the train ________ it started to move. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析谓语动词的时态）（2026年1月浙江卷） There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) ____56____ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. One of my earliest memories is being held ____57____ her arms, counting down the flashing green ____58____ (number) together. Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes ____59____ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, ____60____ (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____61____ always ended in laughter. My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember ____62____ (push) a supermarket trolley (手推车) over ____63____ uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. She would speed up, the wind blowing our hair back ____64____ my tiny voice singing out, “Weeee-eee-eee!” I realise now that Mum didn’t find the joy in these tasks: she created it. Who cares if neighbours can hear you singing along to a microwave? Life is full of so many ____65____ (seem) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 二、单句翻译（汉译英，用指定结构） 1. 昨天我到那儿的时候，他已经完成作业了。（过去完成时） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我一到家就下起了大雨。（Hardly...when...） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 从早上八点起她一直在准备面试。（现在完成进行时） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 明天下午三点我们将在会议室开会。（将来进行时） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他到家时发现窗户已经被打破了。（过去完成时被动） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $