考前押题04 阅读还原5选5（期中专项训练）九年级英语上学期新教材仁爱科普版

考前押题04 阅读还原5选5 话题1 家乡变化 话题2 环境保护 话题3 发明与创造 话题1 家乡变化（共8篇） Passage 1 Great changes have taken place in people’s lives since the reform and opening-up (改革开放) in 1978. China has developed rapidly in recent years. So in many ways, people live better than before. 1 In the past, every family had several children. They lived a hard life. Most children had no chance to receive a good education especially for girls. People thought it was useless for girls to go to school. 2 Families have fewer but healthier children. And girls can also go to school. Most children can go to college by studying hard. People now keep in touch with friends and relatives by WeChat or QQ online instead of writing letters. 3 But now they mainly get it from TV, the internet, cellphones and so on. In transportation, people have more choices. People used to walk to work and children went to school on foot or by bike. 4 Today, many families have their own cars. Traveling is becoming very convenient and popular. People can reach a place easily and they can save a lot of time to do other things. 5 Big families were crowded into small rooms. Nowadays people have moved into big and bright houses with several rooms. They don’t need to share the same room with their sisters or brothers. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．It often took them much time. B．We can see from the following points. C．But now, people have changed their ideas. D．The living conditions were poor in the 1960s. E．In the past, people listened to the radio for news and other information. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。 When I was a little boy, my family lived in a small village. 1 Now my village has changed a lot. In the past, my village was very poor. 2 The roads were narrow and there were few cars. Most people worked on the farm and lived in small houses. 3 We could only read newspapers or listen to the radio. But now everything is different. The village has become much richer. People have moved into new houses, and there are many modern shops. 4 What’s more, everyone can use the Internet, so we can learn about the world without going out. I’m very happy to see all these changes. 5 A．There were no buses at all. B．Life is much better than before. C．I have seen how much it has changed over the years. D．We didn’t have many leisure activities. E．Cars and buses can go along the wide streets now. Passage 3 Li Wei moved to Shanghai 15 years ago to work in a clothing factory. He’s always busy with work and seldom returns to his hometown. “ 1 ” he said during his last visit. “I hope I can go back to live there one day.” 2 The government has built a new hospital and a shopping center. 3 With a better internet connection now, Li Wei’s brother started teaching local children English online last year, which has become quite successful. 4 “There’s a modern playground with basketball courts and swimming pools,” he said happily. Though his hometown has changed greatly, one thing stays the same. “There’s still a small river behind our house,” he said. “ 5 Those were our happiest moments. No matter how much my hometown changes, those beautiful memories will always stay in my heart.” A．I miss my village very much. B．These improvements have made life more convenient. C．My cousins and I used to catch fish there every summer. D．What makes Li Wei most excited is the new sports center. E．Great changes have taken place in Li Wei’s hometown recently. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Li Mei has lived in the city for a year. She moved here from a small town with her parents. She has found that city life is quite different from town life. First, the traffic is much busier. 1 In the past, she could walk to school in ten minutes. Now she has to take the subway, which is fast but always crowded. Second, there are more choices for fun. 2 She likes watching movies, so she often goes to the cinema with her classmates at weekends. However, Li Mei sometimes misses her old home. 3 In the town, people were closer to each other. Her neighbors often came to her house for a chat. Her mother always says, “ 4 Everything in the city is new and convenient. But we should never forget the warm memories from the past.” Li Mei agrees with her mother. She has decided to enjoy her new life and keep in touch with her old friends. 5 She believes her life is becoming better and better. A．There are lots of cars, buses and subways on the roads. B．There are many cinemas, parks and sports centers in the city. C．Both the past and the present are precious to us. D．The air in the town was much cleaner. E．She often calls them to share her new life. Passage 5 More and more people from the countryside leave their hometowns to work in big cities. Zhong Wei is one of them. He has worked in Wenzhou for the last thirteen years. 1 Last month, he went back to his hometown and found that great changes had taken place there. Thirteen years ago, there wasn’t a hospital in his hometown at all. 2 The roads there aren’t narrow anymore. They are wide and clean! What’s more, the government has also built new schools there. 3 However, according to Zhong Wei, some things will never change. In his hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. 4 It has become a symbol of the place. “Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts,” Zhong Wei said. 5 A．It is still there after so many years. B．He could hardly find time to go back home in the past. C．He was so happy to see these changes. D．Now there is a new large hospital there. E．No matter how far we go, hometown is always a warm place in our hearts. Passage 6 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺。 We all have a picture of home in our minds. For me, it’s a small town with my high school right down the street, about 15 minutes’ walk from my home. 1 I never realized how many things there were to do in my hometown. 2 I used to picture home as this quiet town where everyone knew everyone, but now everything is changing. For example, my high school was not so good in the past. Students had to walk outside in order to go into another building. 3 But it was so much fun when the parking lot became a “lake”. Now my high school is completely indoors. I understand why they decided to do this, because the safety of students is very important. 4 I used to be a little girl who was shy. But now I have become more outgoing. It’s true that the town I grew up in is changing for the better, just like me. I’ll always remember what my hometown is and was like. 5 A．It was really terrible when it rained. B．In a way, I have changed too. C．But now, going back home is a shock to me. D．I could walk to the outside mall, go to a movie, and do some shopping. E．And I believe there will be more changes in the future. Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，意思完整。 Nowadays, many old towns in Fujian have taken on a new look. 1 Years ago, the town where my grandpa lives was underdeveloped. The streets were full of rubbish, and there was no public square for people to relax. Most houses were broken wooden ones. 2 Now the local government has carried out many rebuilding projects. Workers cleaned the streets and planted green trees along roads. Old houses are repaired or replaced with comfortable apartments. 3 A big cultural square stands in the town center, with reading rooms and sports equipment for all ages. Though the town becomes modern, people don’t forget old traditions. 4 Every Spring Festival, they hold traditional opera shows and tea culture activities to keep local culture alive. Changes make our life better. 5 A．They still hold traditional cultural activities regularly. B．But they keep their special local culture at the same time. C．Villagers could hardly find places to spend their free time. D．People can walk, do sports or read books in their spare time. E．I hope more old towns can develop well with their culture kept. 表达了对更多古镇在发展中保留文化的期望，适合作为全文的结尾句，升华主题。 Passage 8 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，意思完整。 Our village has changed a lot in the past five years. 1 Five years ago, the roads in our village were narrow and dirty. There was rubbish everywhere. 2 Now the government has built new wide roads. Workers clean the roads every day. There are also green trees and beautiful flowers along the roads. The life of villagers is much better. In the past, most villagers lived in old houses. 3 Now most of them have moved into new and bright houses. Many families even have their own cars. 4 There was no place for villagers to relax in the past. But now a new cultural square has been built. Old people can dance and do exercise there. Children can play games there happily. I love my hometown. 5 A．I believe it will become even better in the future. B．Every time I go back, I feel surprised. C．People had no clean water to use. D．Leisure activities are also more colorful. E．People lived a hard and poor life at that time. 话题2 社会发展（共8篇） Passage 1 Environmental changes have a strong influence on our daily lives and the world we live in. Let’s look at how these changes shape our experiences. In the past, many rivers and lakes were clear, with fish swimming freely. 1 Now, some of them are polluted, and we can no longer see the clean water we once had. Before, people could breathe fresh air every day, even in cities. 2 Today, heavy smog often appears in winter, and many people wear masks to protect themselves. Years ago, there were thick forests around many villages. Now, large areas of trees have been cut down, leading to more floods and less wildlife. 3 In the old days, people grew food with natural methods, and the soil was rich and healthy. Now, overuse of chemicals makes the soil poor, and some food is not as safe as before. 4 All these environmental changes remind us that we must protect our planet. 5 Only in this way can we leave a clean and beautiful world to future generations. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Fresh air was so common that no one thought it was a precious gift. B．People could swim and catch fish in them during summer. C．Many animals lost their homes and some kinds are even in danger of disappearing. D．We should plant more trees, save water and reduce pollution in our daily lives. E．This not only harms our health but also puts the whole ecosystem (生态系统) at risk. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 On March 4th, 2023, after 10 years of difficult talks, nearly 200 countries agreed to a new UN agreement—the High Seas Treaty (《公海保护协议》). It is the first of its kind in 40 years. 1 Oceans cover about 71% of the earth’s surface and are home to all kinds of animals and plants. Healthy oceans play a very important role in a healthy planet. 2 Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had a terrible effect on many species of fish and other sea animals. Pollution has caused serious damage (破坏) in many areas. In 1982, one UN sea agreement described the “high seas”—the parts of the oceans that aren’t controlled by any country. 3 The high seas cover about 2/3 of the ocean. But now only 1.2% of these areas are under protection. 4 It also requires that research should first be done to assess what effects humans’ activities might have on the ocean environment. During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again. 5 For example, there are disagreements about how much to control fishing or pollution. The High Seas Treaty entered into force on 17 January 2026, yet challenges remain in its practical implementation (执行). A．But the oceans are still in trouble. B．So all countries can fish and send ships there. C．And it’s a great success in protecting the world’s oceans. D．That is because different countries have their own different ideas. E．The new agreement sets a goal to turn 30% of the high seas into protected areas. Passage 3 When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: 1 Through lots of research, Cress calculated that Americans use about 500 million straws (吸管) every day. In hope of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011. 2 He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent. For the year that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. 3 They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban (禁止) plastic straws. 4 He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to the plastic straws. “ 5 And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too.” Cress says. A．More and more restaurants agreed to join. B．How many plastic straws do Americans use every day? C．Focusing on (专注) straws is one simple step we all could take. D．Cress started the project in his hometown-Burlington, Vermont. E．After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（每个句子只能用一次）。 Our town has a small river. It used to be clean and beautiful. 1 Fish died one after another, and the water smelled terrible. The river was seriously polluted. Last year, the government started a project to clean up the river. 2 Volunteers often picked up rubbish along the banks, and students held activities to tell people how to protect the river. Now, great changes have taken place. 3 Birds fly back and sing in the trees by the river. People enjoy walking along it after dinner. Clean water is important. 4 If we all take action, our rivers will stay clean and beautiful forever. 5 Let’s start today! A．Factories nearby poured waste water into it. B．The factories couldn’t pour waste water into it any more. C．The water is becoming cleaner and clearer. D．Everyone can do something small for it, like not throwing rubbish into it. E．There is no time to wait. Passage 5 Hey, everyone! Do you know about light pollution? 1 In cities, there are lots of bright lights everywhere. 2 For example, the glass walls of tall buildings can reflect (反射) strong sunlight, making our eyes uncomfortable. At night, bright streetlights and advertisements can disturb (干扰) our sleep. 3 4 Birds can get lost because of the bright lights, and baby sea turtles might mistake lights for the moon and go the wrong way. 5 We can use streetlights more wisely and avoid having too many bright decorations. Let’s work together to protect the beautiful night sky and have a peaceful night. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．We need to do something to reduce light pollution. B．Light pollution is bad for animals, too. C．While they make the city look pretty, they also bring problems. D．It’s like a sneaky (偷偷摸摸的) visitor that comes at night and causes trouble. E．We can see fewer stars in cities than in the mountains because of them. Passage 6 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 The kitchen is one of the busiest rooms in our home, and it can also produce a lot of waste. 1 First, reduce food waste. 2 In this way, you will buy only what you really need, and less food will go bad at home. Also, don’t cook too much for one meal. Second, say no to plastic. 3 Cloth and paper bags can be used again and again, while plastic bags are used only once and then thrown away. Third, save energy. 4 And when you do use the oven, cook more than one dish at a time to make full use of it. 5 Small changes in the kitchen can make a big difference to the environment. A．Use paper or cloth bags for shopping instead of plastic ones. B．Try to use the oven less often in daily life. C．Here are some useful ways to make your kitchen greener. D．In short, going green in the kitchen is not hard at all. E．Make a shopping list and plan your meals carefully before shopping. Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 Do you like eating gum (口香糖)? How many students eat gum in your class every day? 1 Many people like gum nowadays, especially teens. However, some of them have a bad habit—they often throw their used gum onto the floor. 2 But, do you know that the driver in Jinan could find about 100 pieces on one bus every day. 3 And Jinan Bus Company spent about 6,000,000 yuan cleaning the used gum—1.2 yuan one piece in 2016. What’s worse, it will take many years for the stains (污迹) of gum to disappear completely. Many countries have realized (认识到) the harm of gum. 4 Among them, Singapore does the best. In 1992, Singapore made the law to stop people throwing away used gum casually (随意地). Singapore said that people who broke the law would pay a lot of money to the government. 5 During the time without eating gum, the streets, the buses and underground trains of Singapore were clean. A small piece of gum can do so much harm! When you finish eating gum next time, remember to wrap (包裹) it in a piece of paper and throw it into the dustbin. A．It took a cleaner about fifteen minutes to remove one piece. B．And the money would be used to clean the used gum. C．They’re taking measures to stop it. D．How do you deal with your used gum? E．Maybe you think that it doesn’t matter to drop one small piece of gum. Passage 8 Saving our planet might sound like a huge task, but did you know that teenagers like you have the power to make a real difference? Environmental protection starts with small, everyday actions that add up to big changes. 1 First, fight plastic pollution. This is one of the biggest threats to our oceans and wildlife. You can help by simply refusing single-use items. 2 Use your own lunch box and cloth bag. When you say “no” to a plastic straw, you are saving a marine animal. Second, think before you throw. Recycling is important. Make sure to separate paper, plastic bottles, and cans into the correct bins. But an even better idea is to reduce waste. For example, use both sides of your notebook paper. Try to repair things instead of throwing them away immediately. 3 Third, be an energy saver. Energy production often creates pollution. You can help by developing good habits. Always turn off the lights, fans, and computers when you leave a room. 4 Choose to walk or bike for short trips instead of taking a car. It’s good for the environment and your health. Finally, spread the word! 5 Join your school’s eco-club or start one. Organize a clean-up day in your neighborhood. Remember, your actions inspire others. Together, we can create a greener, healthier world for our future. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺，内容完整。 A．Bring a reusable water bottle to school instead of buying plastic ones. B．Here’s how you can become an eco-hero. C．Unplug (拔掉) your chargers when they are not in use. D．Talk to your friends and family about why protecting the environment is cool. E．This helps conserve (节约) precious resources. 话题3 发明与创造（共9篇） Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 Shi Yuan got a patent (专利) when he was a 14-year-old student. 1 It can help people living in cities to follow the rules on dealing with waste. He got over 500,000 yuan in just a few months from selling the bags. The plastic bag has a special tape. When one end of the tape is opened, the bag can be turned upside-down. 2 Without getting their hands dirty, they easily throw the wet and dirty waste into a waste bin. This invention does help solve a big problem. 3 Once they get a patent, their invention will be protected by the country. If others want to make money from it, they have to first ask for the inventor’s agreement, and they may need to pay the inventor a lot of money. What’s more, a patent is important to students. 4 With a patent, they can stand out when they enter university in other countries. For college students, patents help them to apply for scholarships (申请奖学金) more easily. In China, there are three types of patents we can apply for—invention, utility model and design. 5 You can simply start by noticing a problem in daily life and set out to find a creative way to deal with it. A．Then people can hold the bottom end. B．His big invention was a plastic waste bag. C．Patents bring good things to the inventors. D．Getting a patent is not as difficult as you may think. E．For high school students, a patent shows their creative skills. Passage 2 Before the 1930s, shopping carts (购物车) didn’t appear because nobody needed them. People almost had no home fridges, so they had to buy a day’s worth of food at a time, usually at different stores, such as fish shops, vegetable shops and meat shops. 1 Sylvan Goldman, who owned a chain of supermarkets in Oklahoma City, noticed that customers in his stores used handheld (手提的) baskets. They often stopped shopping when the baskets became too full or too heavy. 2 Then they helped the customers put the full basket at the checkout table and offered them another empty basket. It was not a perfect solution, so Goldman searched for something better. 3 He looked at a folding chair and had the idea of replacing (替换) the seat with two shelves—one higher and one lower than the seat’s usual position—and adding wheels to the legs. The shelves would hold shopping baskets, which could be taken off when not in use. After several tries, Goldman built some carts and introduced them in his stores in the following summer. 4 Most housewives said they didn't want a cart because they already had a baby carriage (婴儿推车). And the man would say, “You mean, with my big strong arm, I can’t carry a small basket like that?” Goldman was not discouraged. He had people of all ages pose as (假扮) customers and use the carts. 5 Within a few years, shopping carts were everywhere. 　根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．The rise of supermarkets changed all that. B．However, they were not popular with customers. C．The trick worked and customers began to give them a try. D．He told his staff to get close to people whose baskets were full. E．One evening in 1936, a great idea came as Goldman worked late in his office. Passage 3 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 China is a great and old country in the world. 1 Do you want to know some of them? Let’s have a look. The first invention is silk. Chinese people started to make silk thousands of years ago. They used silk to make clothes, and they wrote on it. They also used it to do many other things. 2 It started the first trade between the eastern world and the western world. Many people know the Silk Road. 3 And it ends in Rome. It has great importance for Chinese trade with other countries. The second is china (瓷器) which is made of china stones. and other things. This invention was made about three thousand years ago. Early china looked very simple, and people mainly used it to hold things. It became more and more beautiful gradually with its development. 4 There are many kinds of china, such as Ru yao, Ding yao and Ge yao. The china in Jingdezhen City is very famous in China. Now people usually use it to have dinner, make tea and so on. There are also other great inventions in Chinese history, such as paper and the kite. They are an important part of Chinese history, 5 A．Silk is one of the most important inventions in Chinese history. B．There are many valuable inventions in China. C．And people started to enjoy china because of its beauty and value. D．so every Chinese should value them. E．It starts from Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 How to Introduce an Invention A clear presentation helps listeners understand not only what you made, but also why you made it and how you know it is useful. Trying to mention every idea at once will usually hide the strongest part of your work. 1 Begin with the problem. Show a short example from real life instead of giving a long definition. 2 Make clear who faces the problem and when it happens, because a solution that helps one group may not suit another. Next, explain how the invention works in three or four steps. Use a model, a diagram or simple actions, and name only the parts that listeners need in order to follow the process. 3 Testing is an important part of the story. State how many times or how long the model was tested, then share at least one useful result and one remaining weakness. 4 In fact, a clear limit often makes your report more believable because it shows that you observed the model honestly and are ready to improve it. End by returning to the user. Explain where the invention can be used, who may benefit and what safety rule must be followed. 5 A useful presentation does not merely say, “Look what I made.” It says, “Here is the problem I tried to solve, the evidence I collected and the next step I plan to take.” A．Admitting a weakness does not mean the whole project has failed. B．For example, describe a wet classroom floor before showing an umbrella stand. C．A problem-to-evidence order can keep the presentation focused. D．You may also identify the next change and explain how it will be tested. E．Leave out small technical details that do not help explain the main process. Passage 5 In my opinion, the wheel is the most important thing that human beings have ever invented. It might seem strange to say that something so simple-looking and so common could be so important. 1 Firstly, wheels influence almost every part of our lives. Wheels are used, for example, in clocks, machines and cars. If you visit just one factory, you will see how important wheels are. 2 Secondly, wheels play a great part in food production. Wheels are used to grind (磨碎) different kinds of corn into flour (面粉) . They are then used to mix flour and other foods to make bread. We also need wheels to transport (运输) the wheat (小麦). 3 Thirdly, our world would be completely different if we did not have the wheel for transport. Before the wheel was invented, people used to have to travel on foot or by riding an animal. They didn’t know where to put their heavy bags. 4 That is what we would be doing now if we did not have the wheel. Everything would take longer to do. We would be back to the Stone Age if the clever ancient people had not invented the wheel. Our modern world would simply be impossible. 5 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．It took long to finish their journeys. B．You will see wheels on almost every machine. C．The wheel is surely the most important invention of all time. D．But if you consider the following points, you will probably agree with me. E．If we did not have the wheel, we would have much difficulty in food production. Passage 6 How did people tell the time before clocks were invented? 1 They looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening. Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position of the shadow changed. 2 Over time, the Chinese first used sundials (日晷) instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. 3 But sundials don’t work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out. Water clocks used water to measure time at night. 4 The level of the water in the bowls showed the time. People also used sand—glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. 5 It measures short amounts of time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand—glass over. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Each number stands for an hour of the day. B．This would let people tell what time it was. C．At first, the ancient people used the sun to tell the time. D．Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. E．The sand falls from the top of the sand—glass to the bottom. Passage 7 Long ago, as people got older, there was something wrong with their teeth and it would be very painful. 1 Later people learned that cleaning their teeth was important, but they didn’t have toothpaste (牙膏) at that time. 2 About 100 years ago, someone finally created a kind of cream to clean teeth. Not long after that, the toothpaste tube (管子) was invented, so people could press the toothpaste right onto the toothbrush! 3 The army gave brushes and toothpaste to all the soldiers, and they learned to brush teeth twice a day. At that time toothpaste tubes were made of metal (金属). 4 Today there are lots of toothpaste colors and tastes to choose from, and some kinds of toothpaste are made just for children. When you’re choosing a kind of toothpaste, make sure it has fluoride (氟化物). 5 When you brush your teeth, you don’t need a lot of toothpaste: just press out a bit. 根据短文内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．Fluoride makes your teeth strong and healthy. B．To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out. C．Tooth brushing became popular during World War I. D．They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth. E．Today they’re made of soft plastic (塑料) and are much easier to use! Passage 8 阅读短文，从方框A-E五个选项中选出最佳选项。 1 Many of these inventions are created to make people’s life easier. Some inventions change the whole world. 2 The wheel is one of the oldest. It was invented thousands of years ago. Before wheels appeared, people could only carry things by themselves. After wheels were used, heavy things could be moved easily. Many ancient Chinese inventions influence the world greatly. Paper-making and printing helped knowledge spread fast. The compass guided ships on the sea. 3 Now new inventions come out every year. Smart machines help people work better. New energy tools protect our earth. 4 We all can be creative. Watch carefully in daily life, find out problems, and think of new ways. 5 A．Every great invention starts with an idea. B．People invent lots of things in history. C．Gunpowder was used for fireworks and wars. D．New inventions keep changing our world day by day. E．Different inventions appear in different times. Passage 9 Great thinkers have changed the world with their brilliant thoughts. Many students want to learn how to think like them. 1 Here are some ways to help you. 2 Read biographies of great thinkers. You can learn about their lives, their struggles and how they came up with their ideas. For example, reading about Newton will tell you how he discovered gravity by watching an apple fall. Second, practice asking questions. Great thinkers never stop asking “why” and “how”. 3 This will help you think more deeply. Third, try to solve problems in different ways. When you have a problem, don’t just use the usual method. 4 You might find a better solution. Finally, don’t be afraid of failure. Great thinkers failed many times before they succeeded. 5 If you keep trying, you will develop your own brilliant thoughts. A．First, learn about great thinkers. B．Failure is part of the journey to success. C．Many students don’t know where to start. D．Ask questions about everything around you. E．Try to think of other ways to solve it. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题04 阅读还原5选5 话题1 家乡变化 话题2 环境保护 话题3 发明与创造 话题1 家乡变化（共8篇） Passage 1 Great changes have taken place in people’s lives since the reform and opening-up (改革开放) in 1978. China has developed rapidly in recent years. So in many ways, people live better than before. 1 In the past, every family had several children. They lived a hard life. Most children had no chance to receive a good education especially for girls. People thought it was useless for girls to go to school. 2 Families have fewer but healthier children. And girls can also go to school. Most children can go to college by studying hard. People now keep in touch with friends and relatives by WeChat or QQ online instead of writing letters. 3 But now they mainly get it from TV, the internet, cellphones and so on. In transportation, people have more choices. People used to walk to work and children went to school on foot or by bike. 4 Today, many families have their own cars. Traveling is becoming very convenient and popular. People can reach a place easily and they can save a lot of time to do other things. 5 Big families were crowded into small rooms. Nowadays people have moved into big and bright houses with several rooms. They don’t need to share the same room with their sisters or brothers. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．It often took them much time. B．We can see from the following points. C．But now, people have changed their ideas. D．The living conditions were poor in the 1960s. E．In the past, people listened to the radio for news and other information. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了自1978年改革开放以来中国发生的巨大变化，文章从教育、通讯、交通和居住条件四个方面，展现了国家快速发展给人民生活带来的便利与改善。 【详解】1．第一段总述生活变好，后文分段列举具体变化。B项“We can see from the following points.”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文的具体内容。 2．第二段前文提到过去人们认为女孩上学无用，后文提到现在女孩也能上学。C项“But now, people have changed their ideas.”连接了过去和现在的观念变化，逻辑通顺。 3．第三段后文有“But now...”，说明空缺处应描述过去的情况。E项“In the past, people listened to the radio for news and other information.”与后文现在的电视、网络形成对比。 4．第四段前文提到过去步行或骑车，后文提到现在开车省时。A项“It often took them much time.”指代过去的交通方式，与后文“节省时间”形成鲜明对比。 5．第五段主要讲述住房变化。空缺处位于段首，需引出话题。D项“The living conditions were poor in the 1960s.”与后文“拥挤在小房间”及现在的“大房子”形成对比，符合段意。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。 When I was a little boy, my family lived in a small village. 1 Now my village has changed a lot. In the past, my village was very poor. 2 The roads were narrow and there were few cars. Most people worked on the farm and lived in small houses. 3 We could only read newspapers or listen to the radio. But now everything is different. The village has become much richer. People have moved into new houses, and there are many modern shops. 4 What’s more, everyone can use the Internet, so we can learn about the world without going out. I’m very happy to see all these changes. 5 A．There were no buses at all. B．Life is much better than before. C．I have seen how much it has changed over the years. D．We didn’t have many leisure activities. E．Cars and buses can go along the wide streets now. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者回忆小时候居住的小村庄，对比村庄过去和现在的巨大变化，表达对村庄发展的喜悦。 【详解】1．前句“lived in a small village”，后句“Now my village has changed a lot.”，C项“这些年来，我目睹了它巨大的变化。”承上启下，衔接自然。 2．前句“my village was very poor”，后句说“The roads were narrow and there were few cars. ”，A项“那时根本没有公交车。”自然衔接后文“道路狭窄、几乎没有车”，符合语境。 3．后句“We could only read newspapers or listen to the radio.”，D项“我们没有很多休闲活动。”与之衔接紧密。 4．前句“People have moved into new houses, and there are many modern shops”，E项“现在小汽车和公交车可以行驶在宽阔的街道上。”承接上文描述交通改善，和过去道路狭窄形成对比。 5．末句作总结，B项“生活比以前好多了。”表达村庄变化带来的美好生活。 Passage 3 Li Wei moved to Shanghai 15 years ago to work in a clothing factory. He’s always busy with work and seldom returns to his hometown. “ 1 ” he said during his last visit. “I hope I can go back to live there one day.” 2 The government has built a new hospital and a shopping center. 3 With a better internet connection now, Li Wei’s brother started teaching local children English online last year, which has become quite successful. 4 “There’s a modern playground with basketball courts and swimming pools,” he said happily. Though his hometown has changed greatly, one thing stays the same. “There’s still a small river behind our house,” he said. “ 5 Those were our happiest moments. No matter how much my hometown changes, those beautiful memories will always stay in my heart.” A．I miss my village very much. B．These improvements have made life more convenient. C．My cousins and I used to catch fish there every summer. D．What makes Li Wei most excited is the new sports center. E．Great changes have taken place in Li Wei’s hometown recently. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了李伟15年前去上海打工很少回乡，他十分想念家乡。家乡近些年发生巨大变化，新建医院、商场、体育中心等设施，生活变得便利，但屋后小河还在，承载着他美好的童年回忆。 【详解】1．根据后句“I hope I can go back to live there one day”可知，李伟表达的是对家乡的思念之情，选项A“我非常想念我的村庄”符合语境。 2．本段后文列举了政府新建医院和购物中心等事实，选项E“李伟的家乡最近发生了巨大变化”作为主题句概括了本段内容。 3．前文提到了医院和购物中心等设施，选项B中的“These improvements”指代前文提到的建设，且说明了生活更便利，承上启下。 4．后文引号中提到“modern playground with basketball courts”，属于体育设施，与选项D“新体育中心”相对应，引出下文的具体描述。 5．前文提到“small river”，后文提到“happiest moments”，选项C“我和表兄弟过去每年夏天在那里捕鱼”描述了与河相关的童年回忆，符合逻辑。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Li Mei has lived in the city for a year. She moved here from a small town with her parents. She has found that city life is quite different from town life. First, the traffic is much busier. 1 In the past, she could walk to school in ten minutes. Now she has to take the subway, which is fast but always crowded. Second, there are more choices for fun. 2 She likes watching movies, so she often goes to the cinema with her classmates at weekends. However, Li Mei sometimes misses her old home. 3 In the town, people were closer to each other. Her neighbors often came to her house for a chat. Her mother always says, “ 4 Everything in the city is new and convenient. But we should never forget the warm memories from the past.” Li Mei agrees with her mother. She has decided to enjoy her new life and keep in touch with her old friends. 5 She believes her life is becoming better and better. A．There are lots of cars, buses and subways on the roads. B．There are many cinemas, parks and sports centers in the city. C．Both the past and the present are precious to us. D．The air in the town was much cleaner. E．She often calls them to share her new life. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文主要讲述了李梅跟随父母从乡镇搬到城市生活一年后，对比城市生活与过往乡镇生活的差异，表达了她既享受当下城市新生活，也珍视过去乡镇温暖回忆的生活态度。 【详解】1．前句提到“First, the traffic is much busier.”，A“There are lots of cars, buses and subways on the roads.”具体说明交通繁忙，与busier呼应。 2．前句提到“Second, there are more choices for fun.”，B“There are many cinemas, parks and sports centers in the city.”列举娱乐选择，引出下句她去看电影。 3．前文提到“However, Li Mei sometimes misses her old home.”，结合后文“In the town, people were closer to each other.”，可知此处应补一个老家的优点，D“The air in the town was much cleaner.”符合语境，也呼应了“misses”。 4．根据“Everything in the city is new and convenient. But we should never forget the warm memories from the past.”可知，李梅妈妈说的话的核心是表达当下的城市生活和过去的回忆都很重要，C“Both the past and the present are precious to us.”为妈妈话语的总结，符合语境。 5．前句提到“She has decided to enjoy her new life and keep in touch with her old friends.”，E“She often calls them to share her new life.”承接上文，说明了她与老朋友保持联系的方式，也和后文“她相信生活会越来越好”的内容衔接顺畅。 Passage 5 More and more people from the countryside leave their hometowns to work in big cities. Zhong Wei is one of them. He has worked in Wenzhou for the last thirteen years. 1 Last month, he went back to his hometown and found that great changes had taken place there. Thirteen years ago, there wasn’t a hospital in his hometown at all. 2 The roads there aren’t narrow anymore. They are wide and clean! What’s more, the government has also built new schools there. 3 However, according to Zhong Wei, some things will never change. In his hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. 4 It has become a symbol of the place. “Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts,” Zhong Wei said. 5 A．It is still there after so many years. B．He could hardly find time to go back home in the past. C．He was so happy to see these changes. D．Now there is a new large hospital there. E．No matter how far we go, hometown is always a warm place in our hearts. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文讲述钟伟在温州打工十三年，回到家乡看到巨大变化，同时有些事物从未改变，表达了对家乡深厚的情感。 【详解】1．根据上文“He has worked in Wenzhou for the last thirteen years.”可知，钟伟在温州打工13年，空格处承接上文，讲述过去很少有时间回家。选项B“He could hardly find time to go back home in the past.”符合语境。 2．根据上文“Thirteen years ago, there wasn’t a hospital in his hometown at all.”可知，十三年前家乡没有医院，此处介绍现在医院的变化。选项D“Now there is a new large hospital there.”和过去形成对比。 3．根据前文“Last month, he went back to his hometown and found that great changes had taken place there.”以及后面列举的道路、学校的变化可知，这里写他看到这些变化的感受。选项C“He was so happy to see these changes.”承接前面各项家乡变化。 4．根据上文“In his hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school.”和下文“It has become a symbol of the place.”可知，这棵老树还在原地。选项A“It is still there after so many years.”衔接前后内容。 5．根据上文“Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts,” Zhong Wei said.可知，此处是钟伟话语的收尾，抒发对家乡的感悟。选项E“No matter how far we go, hometown is always a warm place in our hearts.”契合本段主旨。 Passage 6 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺。 We all have a picture of home in our minds. For me, it’s a small town with my high school right down the street, about 15 minutes’ walk from my home. 1 I never realized how many things there were to do in my hometown. 2 I used to picture home as this quiet town where everyone knew everyone, but now everything is changing. For example, my high school was not so good in the past. Students had to walk outside in order to go into another building. 3 But it was so much fun when the parking lot became a “lake”. Now my high school is completely indoors. I understand why they decided to do this, because the safety of students is very important. 4 I used to be a little girl who was shy. But now I have become more outgoing. It’s true that the town I grew up in is changing for the better, just like me. I’ll always remember what my hometown is and was like. 5 A．It was really terrible when it rained. B．In a way, I have changed too. C．But now, going back home is a shock to me. D．I could walk to the outside mall, go to a movie, and do some shopping. E．And I believe there will be more changes in the future. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者回到家乡，发现家乡的学校等设施发生了很大的变化，变得越来越好，而作者自己也从一个害羞的小女孩变得更加外向，家乡和作者都在向着更好的方向发展。 【详解】1．根据第一段“We all have a picture of home in our minds. For me, it’s a small town…”可知，作者脑海中家乡是一个安静的小镇；而根据第二段首句“I never realized how many things there was to do in my hometown.”可知，家乡实际的样子与作者过去的认知产生了强烈反差。此处需要一个承上启下的转折句。C选项“But now, going back home is a shock to me.”衔接了这种认知上的冲击与逻辑转折。 2．根据第二段“I never realized how many things there were to do in my hometown.”可知，作者以前没有意识到家乡有这么多可以做的事情。空处应具体举例说明可以做哪些事。D选项“I could walk to the outside mall, go to a movie, and do some shopping.”具体列举了上述的活动，对前句“many things there were to do”进行了直接的解释与补充。 3．根据空前“Students had to walk outside in order to go into another building.”可知，学生们曾经必须走到室外才能进入另一栋教学楼。结合空后“But it was so much fun when the parking lot became a ‘lake’.”可知，此处描述的是由于天气原因（下雨积水变成湖）带来的影响。A选项“It was really terrible when it rained.”呼应了前后文，说明因为必须走到室外，所以下雨时体验很差，符合语境。 4．根据第三段“I used to be a little girl who was shy. But now I have become more outgoing.”可知，本段的话题从前文描写家乡的变化，转变到了描写作者自身性格的变化。空处作为段首句，应起到概括统领本段的作用。B选项“In a way, I have changed too.”概括了下文内容，自然引出对自身改变的叙述。 5．根据空前“I’ll always remember what my hometown is and was like.”可知，作者表达了对家乡过去和现在的铭记。结合全文一直围绕“家乡的变化”这一核心主线展开，文章结尾通常会对未来进行合理的展望。E选项“And I believe there will be more changes in the future.”起到了升华主题、总结全文的作用。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，意思完整。 Nowadays, many old towns in Fujian have taken on a new look. 1 Years ago, the town where my grandpa lives was underdeveloped. The streets were full of rubbish, and there was no public square for people to relax. Most houses were broken wooden ones. 2 Now the local government has carried out many rebuilding projects. Workers cleaned the streets and planted green trees along roads. Old houses are repaired or replaced with comfortable apartments. 3 A big cultural square stands in the town center, with reading rooms and sports equipment for all ages. Though the town becomes modern, people don’t forget old traditions. 4 Every Spring Festival, they hold traditional opera shows and tea culture activities to keep local culture alive. Changes make our life better. 5 A．They still hold traditional cultural activities regularly. B．But they keep their special local culture at the same time. C．Villagers could hardly find places to spend their free time. D．People can walk, do sports or read books in their spare time. E．I hope more old towns can develop well with their culture kept. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了福建古镇近年来的改造变化，当地政府在推进现代化建设的同时注重保护传统文化，让古镇既焕新颜又保留特色，贴合单元“变化中的世界”核心主题，体现了本土文化保护的理念。 【详解】1．第一段提到如今福建许多古镇焕然一新，选项B“But they keep their special local culture at the same time.”说明在变化的同时保留了当地文化，作为开篇总起句，概括了后文“变化”与“保留传统”两条主线，与首句形成转折补充关系。 2．第二段描述过去小镇的落后状况，前文提到街上垃圾遍地、没有公共广场、房屋破旧，选项C“Villagers could hardly find places to spend their free time.”进一步说明村民缺乏休闲场所，与上文“没有公共广场”形成呼应，共同展现过去的落后景象。 3．第三段描述现在的变化，前文提到街道变干净、房屋得到修缮，后文说镇中心建起了文化广场，配有阅览室和运动设施，选项D“People can walk, do sports or read books in their spare time.”具体说明人们可以在休闲时散步、运动或读书，引出下文对广场设施的描写。 4．第四段提到虽然小镇现代化了，但人们没有忘记传统，后文说每年春节他们举办传统戏曲表演和茶文化活动，选项A“They still hold traditional cultural activities regularly.”说明他们定期举办传统文化活动，正好引出后文春节活动的具体例子，形成总分关系。 5．最后一段总结变化让生活更美好，选项E“I hope more old towns can develop well with their culture kept.”表达了对更多古镇在发展中保留文化的期望，适合作为全文的结尾句，升华主题。 Passage 8 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，意思完整。 Our village has changed a lot in the past five years. 1 Five years ago, the roads in our village were narrow and dirty. There was rubbish everywhere. 2 Now the government has built new wide roads. Workers clean the roads every day. There are also green trees and beautiful flowers along the roads. The life of villagers is much better. In the past, most villagers lived in old houses. 3 Now most of them have moved into new and bright houses. Many families even have their own cars. 4 There was no place for villagers to relax in the past. But now a new cultural square has been built. Old people can dance and do exercise there. Children can play games there happily. I love my hometown. 5 A．I believe it will become even better in the future. B．Every time I go back, I feel surprised. C．People had no clean water to use. D．Leisure activities are also more colorful. E．People lived a hard and poor life at that time. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个村庄五年来在环境、居住条件、休闲活动等方面的变化，表达了对家乡未来的美好期许。 【详解】1．根据“Our village has changed a lot in the past five years.”可知，村庄过去五年发生了巨大变化。B选项“Every time I go back, I feel surprised.”表达作者对变化感到惊讶，自然引出下文对变化的介绍，符合语境。 2．根据前文“the roads in our village were narrow and dirty. There was rubbish everywhere.”可知，这些都是过去生活条件差的具体表现，C选项“People had no clean water to use.”与前文内容逻辑一致，共同构成过去的负面场景，和后文现在的整洁环境形成鲜明对比。 3．前文“In the past, most villagers lived in old houses.”说明过去大多数村民住在老房子里，此处承接上文继续描述过去的生活困境，与后文 “Now most of them…their own cars.” 形成鲜明今昔对比。E选项 “People lived a hard and poor life at that time.” 符合语境，时态与前文一致，逻辑衔接自然。 4．后文内容“There was no place…play games there happily.”属于休闲活动的变化。D选项“休闲活动也更加丰富多彩”能够概括本段核心内容，作为主题句统领全段。 5．前文“I love my hometown.”表达“我爱我的家乡”，此处需要对全文进行收尾，表达对家乡未来的期许。A选项“I believe it will become even better in the future.”既呼应了前文的变化描述，又升华了情感，符合结尾的写作逻辑。 话题2 社会发展（共8篇） Passage 1 Environmental changes have a strong influence on our daily lives and the world we live in. Let’s look at how these changes shape our experiences. In the past, many rivers and lakes were clear, with fish swimming freely. 1 Now, some of them are polluted, and we can no longer see the clean water we once had. Before, people could breathe fresh air every day, even in cities. 2 Today, heavy smog often appears in winter, and many people wear masks to protect themselves. Years ago, there were thick forests around many villages. Now, large areas of trees have been cut down, leading to more floods and less wildlife. 3 In the old days, people grew food with natural methods, and the soil was rich and healthy. Now, overuse of chemicals makes the soil poor, and some food is not as safe as before. 4 All these environmental changes remind us that we must protect our planet. 5 Only in this way can we leave a clean and beautiful world to future generations. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Fresh air was so common that no one thought it was a precious gift. B．People could swim and catch fish in them during summer. C．Many animals lost their homes and some kinds are even in danger of disappearing. D．We should plant more trees, save water and reduce pollution in our daily lives. E．This not only harms our health but also puts the whole ecosystem (生态系统) at risk. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍环境变化对人们日常生活的影响，对比过去和现在的环境状况，呼吁大家保护地球。 【详解】1．前文提到过去很多河湖清澈，鱼儿自由游动。B选项“People could swim and catch fish in them during summer.”承接清澈河湖的场景。 2．前文说以前即使在城市，人们每天都能呼吸新鲜空气。A选项“Fresh air was so common that no one thought it was a precious gift.”承接新鲜空气这个话题。 3．前文讲到大片树木被砍伐，洪水变多，野生动物变少。C选项“Many animals lost their homes and some kinds are even in danger of disappearing.”承接砍伐树木对动物造成的后果。 4．前文提到化学品过度使用让土壤贫瘠，部分食物不如以前安全。E选项“This not only harms our health but also puts the whole ecosystem (生态系统) at risk.”承接土壤与食物污染带来的危害。 5．前文说这些环境变化提醒我们必须保护地球，后文说只有这样才能留给后代干净美丽的世界。D选项“We should plant more trees, save water and reduce pollution in our daily lives.”提出我们应该采取的环保行动。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 On March 4th, 2023, after 10 years of difficult talks, nearly 200 countries agreed to a new UN agreement—the High Seas Treaty (《公海保护协议》). It is the first of its kind in 40 years. 1 Oceans cover about 71% of the earth’s surface and are home to all kinds of animals and plants. Healthy oceans play a very important role in a healthy planet. 2 Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had a terrible effect on many species of fish and other sea animals. Pollution has caused serious damage (破坏) in many areas. In 1982, one UN sea agreement described the “high seas”—the parts of the oceans that aren’t controlled by any country. 3 The high seas cover about 2/3 of the ocean. But now only 1.2% of these areas are under protection. 4 It also requires that research should first be done to assess what effects humans’ activities might have on the ocean environment. During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again. 5 For example, there are disagreements about how much to control fishing or pollution. The High Seas Treaty entered into force on 17 January 2026, yet challenges remain in its practical implementation (执行). A．But the oceans are still in trouble. B．So all countries can fish and send ships there. C．And it’s a great success in protecting the world’s oceans. D．That is because different countries have their own different ideas. E．The new agreement sets a goal to turn 30% of the high seas into protected areas. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍《公海保护协议》。文章介绍了公海的现状、旧协议的局限、新协议的目标，以及各国存在分歧，协议落地仍有挑战。 【详解】1．前文提到该协议是40年来首个此类协议，此处应对其意义进行评价。选项C“And it’s a great success in protecting the world’s oceans.”指出这是保护世界海洋的巨大成功，符合语境。 2．前文讲述海洋对地球的重要性，后文列举过度捕捞和污染造成的危害，此处需要转折引出海洋面临的危机。选项A“But the oceans are still in trouble.”提到海洋仍处于困境，符合逻辑。 3．前文定义公海为不受任何国家控制的区域，由此可推断各国在此享有平等权利。选项B“So all countries can fish and send ships there.”说明所有国家均可在此捕鱼和行船，衔接自然。 4．前文提到目前仅有1.2%的公海区域受保护，此处应介绍新协议设定的保护目标以形成对比。选项E“The new agreement sets a goal to turn 30% of the high seas into protected areas.”提到将30%公海变为保护区的目标，符合文意。 5．前文提到谈判反复举行了多次，后文举例说明存在分歧，此处应解释导致谈判漫长的原因。选项D“That is because different countries have their own different ideas.”指出是因为各国想法不同，符合逻辑。 Passage 3 When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: 1 Through lots of research, Cress calculated that Americans use about 500 million straws (吸管) every day. In hope of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011. 2 He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent. For the year that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. 3 They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban (禁止) plastic straws. 4 He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to the plastic straws. “ 5 And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too.” Cress says. A．More and more restaurants agreed to join. B．How many plastic straws do Americans use every day? C．Focusing on (专注) straws is one simple step we all could take. D．Cress started the project in his hometown-Burlington, Vermont. E．After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述美国男孩Milo Cress发现塑料吸管的污染问题，发起Be Straw Free项目，呼吁减少塑料吸管使用，推动环保行动的故事。 【详解】1．前文提到男孩有一个“问题”(question)，后文是研究得出的具体数量，因此此处应填入具体的疑问句，B项“How many plastic straws do Americans use every day?”符合语境。 2．第二段主要讲述项目在当地的起步，后文提到“当地餐馆”，D项“Cress started the project in his hometown-Burlington, Vermont.”提到在“家乡”开始项目，与后文逻辑连贯。 3．前文提到将项目推广至全美，后文主语为“They”指代餐馆，A项“More and more restaurants agreed to join.”承上启下，解释了“They”的身份。 4．第四段讲述项目流行后的行动，后文提到向世界各地学生演讲，E项“After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road.”符合时间线和语境。 5．此处位于直接引语中，是对全文的总结呼吁，C项“Focusing on (专注) straws is one simple step we all could take.”与后文“做出改变”相呼应。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（每个句子只能用一次）。 Our town has a small river. It used to be clean and beautiful. 1 Fish died one after another, and the water smelled terrible. The river was seriously polluted. Last year, the government started a project to clean up the river. 2 Volunteers often picked up rubbish along the banks, and students held activities to tell people how to protect the river. Now, great changes have taken place. 3 Birds fly back and sing in the trees by the river. People enjoy walking along it after dinner. Clean water is important. 4 If we all take action, our rivers will stay clean and beautiful forever. 5 Let’s start today! A．Factories nearby poured waste water into it. B．The factories couldn’t pour waste water into it any more. C．The water is becoming cleaner and clearer. D．Everyone can do something small for it, like not throwing rubbish into it. E．There is no time to wait. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文讲述作者所在镇上的小河从被污染到治理改善的过程，呼吁人人行动，保护河流、爱护水环境。 【详解】1．前文提到河流原本干净，后文说鱼死亡、水发臭、河流被严重污染，A选项“Factories nearby poured waste water into it.”说明附近工厂往河里排废水，是河流被污染的原因，衔接自然。 2．前文提到政府启动清理河流的项目，后文列举了志愿者、学生的护河行动，B选项“The factories couldn’t pour waste water into it any more.”说明工厂再也不能往河里排废水，是政府治污的相关举措，符合语境。 3．前文说现在河流发生了巨大变化，后文描述鸟儿回归、人们饭后沿河散步的美好场景，C选项“The water is becoming cleaner and clearer.”指出水变得越来越清澈，是河流改善的直接体现。 4．前文点明洁净的水对每个人都很重要，后文呼吁大家行动起来，D选项“Everyone can do something small for it, like not throwing rubbish into it.”说明每个人都可以为此做些小事，比如不往河里扔垃圾，衔接前后的倡议逻辑。 5．后文发出“让我们今天就开始”的号召，E选项“There is no time to wait.”表示没有时间可以等待，契合呼吁立刻行动的语境。 Passage 5 Hey, everyone! Do you know about light pollution? 1 In cities, there are lots of bright lights everywhere. 2 For example, the glass walls of tall buildings can reflect (反射) strong sunlight, making our eyes uncomfortable. At night, bright streetlights and advertisements can disturb (干扰) our sleep. 3 4 Birds can get lost because of the bright lights, and baby sea turtles might mistake lights for the moon and go the wrong way. 5 We can use streetlights more wisely and avoid having too many bright decorations. Let’s work together to protect the beautiful night sky and have a peaceful night. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．We need to do something to reduce light pollution. B．Light pollution is bad for animals, too. C．While they make the city look pretty, they also bring problems. D．It’s like a sneaky (偷偷摸摸的) visitor that comes at night and causes trouble. E．We can see fewer stars in cities than in the mountains because of them. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍光污染，说明了城市强光带来的各类危害，既影响人类也伤害动物，最后提出减少光污染的办法，呼吁大家共同保护夜空。 【详解】1．前文提出光污染这个话题，后文开始介绍城市到处有强光，可知此处是对光污染进行形象介绍。D选项“It’s like a sneaky visitor that comes at night and causes trouble.”形象解释光污染，承接上文引出下文，符合语境。 2．前文说明城市到处是亮光，后文举例高楼玻璃墙反射阳光让眼睛不舒服，可知此处要转折，说明亮光虽美化城市但带来问题。C选项“While they make the city look pretty, they also bring problems.”起到承上启下的转折作用，符合语境。 3．前文讲述强光影响人类睡眠，可知此处继续介绍光污染对人的影响。E选项“We can see fewer stars in cities than in the mountains because of them.”继续说明光污染带来的现象，符合语境。 4．后文介绍鸟类、小海龟受到光污染的伤害，可知此处总起光污染对动物有害。B选项“Light pollution is bad for animals, too.”为本段总起句，引出下文动物受害例子，符合语境。 5．后文介绍减少光污染的具体做法，可知此处总起，说明我们需要采取行动减少光污染。A选项“We need to do something to reduce light pollution.”引出后文解决措施，符合语境。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 The kitchen is one of the busiest rooms in our home, and it can also produce a lot of waste. 1 First, reduce food waste. 2 In this way, you will buy only what you really need, and less food will go bad at home. Also, don’t cook too much for one meal. Second, say no to plastic. 3 Cloth and paper bags can be used again and again, while plastic bags are used only once and then thrown away. Third, save energy. 4 And when you do use the oven, cook more than one dish at a time to make full use of it. 5 Small changes in the kitchen can make a big difference to the environment. A．Use paper or cloth bags for shopping instead of plastic ones. B．Try to use the oven less often in daily life. C．Here are some useful ways to make your kitchen greener. D．In short, going green in the kitchen is not hard at all. E．Make a shopping list and plan your meals carefully before shopping. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让厨房更加环保的几条实用方法。 【详解】1．上文提到厨房会产生浪费，下文列举了具体建议，此处应引出下文的方法，选项C“Here are some useful ways to make your kitchen greener.”符合语境。 2．本段主题是减少食物浪费，后文提到只买需要的东西，选项E“Make a shopping list and plan your meals carefully before shopping.”与后文逻辑一致。 3．本段主题是拒绝塑料，后文提到布袋和纸袋可重复使用，选项A“Use paper or cloth bags for shopping instead of plastic ones.”符合语境。 4．本段主题是节约能源，后文提到使用烤箱时的建议，选项B“Try to use the oven less often in daily life.”符合语境。 5．位于文章结尾段，后文总结小改变有大影响，选项D“In short, going green in the kitchen is not hard at all.”起到总结作用。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 Do you like eating gum (口香糖)? How many students eat gum in your class every day? 1 Many people like gum nowadays, especially teens. However, some of them have a bad habit—they often throw their used gum onto the floor. 2 But, do you know that the driver in Jinan could find about 100 pieces on one bus every day. 3 And Jinan Bus Company spent about 6,000,000 yuan cleaning the used gum—1.2 yuan one piece in 2016. What’s worse, it will take many years for the stains (污迹) of gum to disappear completely. Many countries have realized (认识到) the harm of gum. 4 Among them, Singapore does the best. In 1992, Singapore made the law to stop people throwing away used gum casually (随意地). Singapore said that people who broke the law would pay a lot of money to the government. 5 During the time without eating gum, the streets, the buses and underground trains of Singapore were clean. A small piece of gum can do so much harm! When you finish eating gum next time, remember to wrap (包裹) it in a piece of paper and throw it into the dustbin. A．It took a cleaner about fifteen minutes to remove one piece. B．And the money would be used to clean the used gum. C．They’re taking measures to stop it. D．How do you deal with your used gum? E．Maybe you think that it doesn’t matter to drop one small piece of gum. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍乱扔口香糖带来的危害，还列举部分国家的治理办法，呼吁大家吃完口香糖用纸包好扔进垃圾桶。 【详解】1．根据前文“Do you like eating gum (口香糖)? How many students eat gum in your class every day?”可知，这里连续提出关于口香糖的问题，此处继续提问。因此选项D“How do you deal with your used gum?”符合语境。 2．根据后文“But, do you know that the driver in Jinan could find about 100 pieces on one bus every day.”中的But表转折，说明前后语义相反。因此选项E“Maybe you think that it doesn’t matter to drop one small piece of gum.”符合本段语境。 3．根据后文“And Jinan Bus Company spent about 6,000,000 yuan cleaning the used gum—1.2 yuan one piece in 2016.”可知，后文讲清理口香糖的花费，本句介绍清理一块口香糖耗时很久。因此选项A“It took a cleaner about fifteen minutes to remove one piece.”符合本段语境。 4．根据前文“Many countries have realized (认识到) the harm of gum.”以及后文“Among them, Singapore does the best.”可知，很多国家意识到口香糖的危害，并开始采取行动。因此选项C“They’re taking measures to stop it.”符合本段语境。 5．根据前文“Singapore said that people who broke the law would pay a lot of money to the government.”可知，违法者要缴纳罚款，本句说明这笔罚款的用途。因此选项B“And the money would be used to clean the used gum.”符合本段语境。 Passage 8 Saving our planet might sound like a huge task, but did you know that teenagers like you have the power to make a real difference? Environmental protection starts with small, everyday actions that add up to big changes. 1 First, fight plastic pollution. This is one of the biggest threats to our oceans and wildlife. You can help by simply refusing single-use items. 2 Use your own lunch box and cloth bag. When you say “no” to a plastic straw, you are saving a marine animal. Second, think before you throw. Recycling is important. Make sure to separate paper, plastic bottles, and cans into the correct bins. But an even better idea is to reduce waste. For example, use both sides of your notebook paper. Try to repair things instead of throwing them away immediately. 3 Third, be an energy saver. Energy production often creates pollution. You can help by developing good habits. Always turn off the lights, fans, and computers when you leave a room. 4 Choose to walk or bike for short trips instead of taking a car. It’s good for the environment and your health. Finally, spread the word! 5 Join your school’s eco-club or start one. Organize a clean-up day in your neighborhood. Remember, your actions inspire others. Together, we can create a greener, healthier world for our future. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺，内容完整。 A．Bring a reusable water bottle to school instead of buying plastic ones. B．Here’s how you can become an eco-hero. C．Unplug (拔掉) your chargers when they are not in use. D．Talk to your friends and family about why protecting the environment is cool. E．This helps conserve (节约) precious resources. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述青少年可以从日常小事做起保护环境，介绍了四条成为环保小卫士的做法。 【详解】1．空处位于首段末尾，下文开始列举具体环保行动，B项“以下是你成为环保英雄的方法。”起到总起下文的作用，符合语境。 2．该段主题是对抗塑料污染、拒绝一次性用品，A项“带可重复使用的水瓶去学校，而非购买塑料瓶装水。”契合该段减少一次性塑料使用的核心内容。 3．该段介绍减少浪费、回收利用的做法，文中举例“use both sides of your notebook paper. Try to repair things instead of throwing them away immediately.”等减量化做法，E项“这有助于节约宝贵的资源。”是对上述行为意义的总结，衔接自然。 4．本段主题为节约能源，文中提到要养成节能好习惯，C项“不使用充电器时拔掉它们。”属于节约用电的良好习惯，符合段落主题。 5．该段核心是向他人传播环保理念，D项“和你的朋友、家人谈论保护环境为什么是件很棒的事。”呼应“spread the word”的要求，逻辑通顺。 话题3 发明与创造（共9篇） Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 Shi Yuan got a patent (专利) when he was a 14-year-old student. 1 It can help people living in cities to follow the rules on dealing with waste. He got over 500,000 yuan in just a few months from selling the bags. The plastic bag has a special tape. When one end of the tape is opened, the bag can be turned upside-down. 2 Without getting their hands dirty, they easily throw the wet and dirty waste into a waste bin. This invention does help solve a big problem. 3 Once they get a patent, their invention will be protected by the country. If others want to make money from it, they have to first ask for the inventor’s agreement, and they may need to pay the inventor a lot of money. What’s more, a patent is important to students. 4 With a patent, they can stand out when they enter university in other countries. For college students, patents help them to apply for scholarships (申请奖学金) more easily. In China, there are three types of patents we can apply for—invention, utility model and design. 5 You can simply start by noticing a problem in daily life and set out to find a creative way to deal with it. A．Then people can hold the bottom end. B．His big invention was a plastic waste bag. C．Patents bring good things to the inventors. D．Getting a patent is not as difficult as you may think. E．For high school students, a patent shows their creative skills. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍14岁学生施源发明的新型垃圾袋专利，讲解专利对发明者、学生的好处以及国内专利类型，并鼓励大家从生活发现问题进行创新。 【详解】1．前文提到施源获得专利，后文“It can help…”指代某物，选项B“His big invention was a plastic waste bag.”引出发明物，符合语境。 2．前文描述袋子可以倒置，后文提到不脏手扔垃圾，选项A“Then people can hold the bottom end.”承接动作操作，符合逻辑。 3．后文详细阐述了专利保护发明者及带来收益，选项C“Patents bring good things to the inventors.”作为本段主题句，概括恰当。 4．本段讲述专利对学生的重要性，后文提到大学生，选项E“For high school students, a patent shows their creative skills.”与后文形成并列，符合语境。 5．后文建议从日常生活中发现问题入手，选项D“Getting a patent is not as difficult as you may think.”起到鼓励作用，引出下文建议。 Passage 2 Before the 1930s, shopping carts (购物车) didn’t appear because nobody needed them. People almost had no home fridges, so they had to buy a day’s worth of food at a time, usually at different stores, such as fish shops, vegetable shops and meat shops. 1 Sylvan Goldman, who owned a chain of supermarkets in Oklahoma City, noticed that customers in his stores used handheld (手提的) baskets. They often stopped shopping when the baskets became too full or too heavy. 2 Then they helped the customers put the full basket at the checkout table and offered them another empty basket. It was not a perfect solution, so Goldman searched for something better. 3 He looked at a folding chair and had the idea of replacing (替换) the seat with two shelves—one higher and one lower than the seat’s usual position—and adding wheels to the legs. The shelves would hold shopping baskets, which could be taken off when not in use. After several tries, Goldman built some carts and introduced them in his stores in the following summer. 4 Most housewives said they didn't want a cart because they already had a baby carriage (婴儿推车). And the man would say, “You mean, with my big strong arm, I can’t carry a small basket like that?” Goldman was not discouraged. He had people of all ages pose as (假扮) customers and use the carts. 5 Within a few years, shopping carts were everywhere. 　根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．The rise of supermarkets changed all that. B．However, they were not popular with customers. C．The trick worked and customers began to give them a try. D．He told his staff to get close to people whose baskets were full. E．One evening in 1936, a great idea came as Goldman worked late in his office. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．E 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了购物车的发明历史，讲述发明者Sylvan Goldman观察顾客购物难题，不断尝试，最终让购物车普及的故事。 【详解】1．后文提到“Sylvan Goldman, who owned a chain of supermarkets in Oklahoma City, noticed that customers in his stores used handheld (手提的) baskets.”，讲述超市里顾客使用手提购物篮的现状。空处在段末，需要承接上文三十年代前分散购物的旧模式，引出超市带来的改变。A项“The rise of supermarkets changed all that.”承接上文过去的购物方式，说明超市的兴起改变了这一切，自然过渡到下文超市的购物场景。 2．前文提到“They often stopped shopping when the baskets became too full or too heavy.”，说明顾客篮子装满变重就会停止购物，后文提到“Then they helped the customers put the full basket at the checkout table and offered them another empty basket.”，描写员工的具体操作。空处承接上下文，引出主语 they 指代的员工。D项“He told his staff to get close to people whose baskets were full.”说明Goldman吩咐员工主动接近篮子装满的顾客，与后文员工的行为构成顺承关系。 3．后文提到“He looked at a folding chair and had the idea of replacing (替换) the seat with two shelves—one higher and one lower than the seat’s usual position—and adding wheels to the legs.”，具体描写他看到折叠椅产生灵感。空处在段首，需要总起，引出灵感的到来。E项“One evening in 1936, a great idea came as Goldman worked late in his office.”交代灵感到来的时间场景，引出下文购物车的构思细节。 4．前文提到“After several tries, Goldman built some carts and introduced them in his stores in the following summer.”，说明Goldman造出购物车并投入使用，后文提到 “Most housewives said they didn't want a cart because they already had a baby carriage (婴儿推车).”，写顾客排斥购物车。空处需要体现转折关系。B项“However, they were not popular with customers.”中they指代购物车，however表转折，承接推出购物车，引出顾客不接受的现实。 5．前文提到“Goldman was not discouraged. He had people of all ages pose as (假扮) customers and use the carts.”，介绍Goldman找人假扮顾客使用购物车的办法，后文提到“Within a few years, shopping carts were everywhere.”，写购物车迅速普及。空处承接办法与最终普及的结果。C项“The trick worked and customers began to give them a try.”中the trick指代找人假扮顾客的策略，说明这个方法奏效，顾客愿意尝试购物车，衔接上下文。 Passage 3 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 China is a great and old country in the world. 1 Do you want to know some of them? Let’s have a look. The first invention is silk. Chinese people started to make silk thousands of years ago. They used silk to make clothes, and they wrote on it. They also used it to do many other things. 2 It started the first trade between the eastern world and the western world. Many people know the Silk Road. 3 And it ends in Rome. It has great importance for Chinese trade with other countries. The second is china (瓷器) which is made of china stones. and other things. This invention was made about three thousand years ago. Early china looked very simple, and people mainly used it to hold things. It became more and more beautiful gradually with its development. 4 There are many kinds of china, such as Ru yao, Ding yao and Ge yao. The china in Jingdezhen City is very famous in China. Now people usually use it to have dinner, make tea and so on. There are also other great inventions in Chinese history, such as paper and the kite. They are an important part of Chinese history, 5 A．Silk is one of the most important inventions in Chinese history. B．There are many valuable inventions in China. C．And people started to enjoy china because of its beauty and value. D．so every Chinese should value them. E．It starts from Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国历史上的几项重要发明，包括丝绸、丝绸之路和瓷器，并指出它们是中国历史的重要组成部分。 【详解】1．空前提到中国是古老伟大的国家，空后询问是否想了解相关内容，B项“There are many valuable inventions in China.”引出下文对各类发明的介绍，符合语境。 2．该段围绕丝绸展开，空后提到丝绸之路开启东西方首次贸易，A项“Silk is one of the most important inventions in Chinese history.”承接前文对丝绸用途的介绍，引出后续丝绸之路的内容。 3．空后说明丝绸之路终点是罗马，E项“It starts from Xi’an, Shaanxi Province.”对应后文的终点，介绍丝绸之路的起止点，逻辑连贯。 4．该段围绕瓷器展开，前提到瓷器随发展变得越来越精美，C项“And people started to enjoy china because of its beauty and value.”承接前文瓷器的发展变化，衔接自然。 5．空前点明这些发明是中国历史的重要组成部分，D项“so every Chinese should value them.”顺承前文内容，收尾全文。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 How to Introduce an Invention A clear presentation helps listeners understand not only what you made, but also why you made it and how you know it is useful. Trying to mention every idea at once will usually hide the strongest part of your work. 1 Begin with the problem. Show a short example from real life instead of giving a long definition. 2 Make clear who faces the problem and when it happens, because a solution that helps one group may not suit another. Next, explain how the invention works in three or four steps. Use a model, a diagram or simple actions, and name only the parts that listeners need in order to follow the process. 3 Testing is an important part of the story. State how many times or how long the model was tested, then share at least one useful result and one remaining weakness. 4 In fact, a clear limit often makes your report more believable because it shows that you observed the model honestly and are ready to improve it. End by returning to the user. Explain where the invention can be used, who may benefit and what safety rule must be followed. 5 A useful presentation does not merely say, “Look what I made.” It says, “Here is the problem I tried to solve, the evidence I collected and the next step I plan to take.” A．Admitting a weakness does not mean the whole project has failed. B．For example, describe a wet classroom floor before showing an umbrella stand. C．A problem-to-evidence order can keep the presentation focused. D．You may also identify the next change and explain how it will be tested. E．Leave out small technical details that do not help explain the main process. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何清晰地介绍一项发明，包括从问题入手、解释工作原理、测试过程以及结尾总结等方面的建议。 【详解】1．前文提到“Trying to mention every idea at once will usually hide the strongest part of your work”，后文分段介绍：先讲问题、再讲发明原理、再讲测试。选项C“A problem-to-evidence order can keep the presentation focused.”总起下文整套演讲逻辑，符合语境。 2．空前提到“Show a short example from real life instead of giving a long definition”，此处需要具体的例子来支撑观点，选项B“For example, describe a wet classroom floor before showing an umbrella stand.”是对“真实生活实例”举例。 3．空前提到“name only the parts that listeners need in order to follow the process”，选项E“Leave out small technical details that do not help explain the main process.”说明要省略不必要的细节以简化解释，与前句语义一致，符合逻辑。 4．空前提到“share at least one useful result and one remaining weakness”，空后说讲清楚局限会让报告更可信，选项A“Admitting a weakness does not mean the whole project has failed.”与“weakness”衔接，符合语境。 5．结尾部分提到“the next step I plan to take”，选项D“You may also identify the next change and explain how it will be tested.”提到了下一步的更改及测试，与文末相呼应。 Passage 5 In my opinion, the wheel is the most important thing that human beings have ever invented. It might seem strange to say that something so simple-looking and so common could be so important. 1 Firstly, wheels influence almost every part of our lives. Wheels are used, for example, in clocks, machines and cars. If you visit just one factory, you will see how important wheels are. 2 Secondly, wheels play a great part in food production. Wheels are used to grind (磨碎) different kinds of corn into flour (面粉) . They are then used to mix flour and other foods to make bread. We also need wheels to transport (运输) the wheat (小麦). 3 Thirdly, our world would be completely different if we did not have the wheel for transport. Before the wheel was invented, people used to have to travel on foot or by riding an animal. They didn’t know where to put their heavy bags. 4 That is what we would be doing now if we did not have the wheel. Everything would take longer to do. We would be back to the Stone Age if the clever ancient people had not invented the wheel. Our modern world would simply be impossible. 5 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．It took long to finish their journeys. B．You will see wheels on almost every machine. C．The wheel is surely the most important invention of all time. D．But if you consider the following points, you will probably agree with me. E．If we did not have the wheel, we would have much difficulty in food production. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文论述了轮子是人类最重要的发明，并从多个方面说明了轮子对现代生活的重要影响。 【详解】1．前文提到：“say that something so simple-looking and so common could be so important”，后文紧接着用“Firstly”开始列举理由。D项“But if you consider the following points, you will probably agree with me.”承接了前文的疑问，并引出了下文的具体论证，符合逻辑。 2．前句提到：“If you visit just one factory, you will see how important wheels are. ”，空缺处应具体说明在工厂能看到什么。B项“You will see wheels on almost every machine.”紧承前文“factory”和“see”的语境，符合逻辑。 3．本段主要论述轮子在“food production”中的重要作用（磨玉米、混合面粉、运输小麦）。E项“If we did not have the wheel, we would have much difficulty in food production.”是对本段内容的总结。 4．前文描述发明轮子前人们步行或骑动物旅行，且不知如何放置重物。A项“It took long to finish their journeys.”说明了过去旅行方式的低效，与后文“…if we did not have the wheel. Everything would take longer to do.”相呼应。 5．文章最后一段总结轮子的重要性，指出没有轮子现代世界将不可能存在。C项“The wheel is surely the most important invention of all time.”呼应文章开头观点，作为全文的总结句，升华主题。 Passage 6 How did people tell the time before clocks were invented? 1 They looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening. Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position of the shadow changed. 2 Over time, the Chinese first used sundials (日晷) instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. 3 But sundials don’t work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out. Water clocks used water to measure time at night. 4 The level of the water in the bowls showed the time. People also used sand—glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. 5 It measures short amounts of time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand—glass over. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Each number stands for an hour of the day. B．This would let people tell what time it was. C．At first, the ancient people used the sun to tell the time. D．Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. E．The sand falls from the top of the sand—glass to the bottom. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍钟表发明之前古人各式各样的计时工具，按照时间先后依次介绍了依靠太阳、影子杆、日晷、水钟和沙漏计时的方式。文章分别说明了各类计时工具的工作原理，同时也点明了日晷仅晴天可用的局限以及水钟、沙漏的适用场景。 【详解】1．根据前文“How did people tell the time before clocks were invented?”和下文紧接着提到“They looked up at the sun...”可知，此处需要承上启下。且此处位于段落开头，选项C“At first, the ancient people used the sun to tell the time.”总领了这一段关于利用太阳计时的内容，与下文的看太阳行为逻辑一致。 2．前文描述了埃及人用棍子测量时间，阳光照射棍子产生阴影，随着太阳移动阴影位置改变。此处位于段落末尾，起到总结的作用。选项B“This would let people tell what time it was.”是对前文“阴影位置变化”这一现象结果的总结，说明了这种方法的用途。 3．前一句提到“As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers.”，后文用“but”进行转折说明日晷在多云的白天不工作，此处需要承接上下文内容。选项A“Each number stands for an hour of the day.”紧承前文提到的“numbers”，解释了日晷上数字的含义，逻辑通顺。 4．该段主题是“Water clocks”，后一句提到“The level of the water in the bowls showed the time.”，选项D“Water dripped slowly from one bowl into another.”描述了水钟的工作原理，且其中的“bowl”与后文的“bowls”相呼应。 5．前文提到以前人们用沙漏计时，选项E“The sand falls from the top of the sand—glass to the bottom.”描述了沙漏中沙子的运动过程，为后文解释如何通过落沙计量时间做了铺垫。 Passage 7 Long ago, as people got older, there was something wrong with their teeth and it would be very painful. 1 Later people learned that cleaning their teeth was important, but they didn’t have toothpaste (牙膏) at that time. 2 About 100 years ago, someone finally created a kind of cream to clean teeth. Not long after that, the toothpaste tube (管子) was invented, so people could press the toothpaste right onto the toothbrush! 3 The army gave brushes and toothpaste to all the soldiers, and they learned to brush teeth twice a day. At that time toothpaste tubes were made of metal (金属). 4 Today there are lots of toothpaste colors and tastes to choose from, and some kinds of toothpaste are made just for children. When you’re choosing a kind of toothpaste, make sure it has fluoride (氟化物). 5 When you brush your teeth, you don’t need a lot of toothpaste: just press out a bit. 根据短文内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．Fluoride makes your teeth strong and healthy. B．To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out. C．Tooth brushing became popular during World War I. D．They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth. E．Today they’re made of soft plastic (塑料) and are much easier to use! 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文介绍刷牙和牙膏的发展历史，讲述古人护牙方式、牙膏与牙膏管的发明历程、一战推动刷牙普及，同时科普挑选、使用牙膏的相关常识。 【详解】1．前文提到很久以前人们牙齿生病、牙齿疼痛，B选项“To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out.”承接牙痛问题，介绍古人应对方式，符合语境逻辑。 2．前文说明人们明白洁牙很重要，但是当时没有牙膏，D选项“They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth.”承接没有牙膏这一前提，介绍古代的洁牙方式，承上启下。 3．后文提及军队给士兵发放牙刷和牙膏，要求士兵每日刷牙，C选项“Tooth brushing became popular during World War I.”引出下文军队普及刷牙的事例，衔接自然。 4．前文写明当时的牙膏管由金属制成，E选项“Today they’re made of soft plastic (塑料) and are much easier to use!”形成古今对比，衔接金属材质相关内容。 5．前文建议挑选含有氟化物的牙膏，A选项“Fluoride makes your teeth strong and healthy.”解释选用含氟牙膏的原因，呼应上文，逻辑通顺。 Passage 8 阅读短文，从方框A-E五个选项中选出最佳选项。 1 Many of these inventions are created to make people’s life easier. Some inventions change the whole world. 2 The wheel is one of the oldest. It was invented thousands of years ago. Before wheels appeared, people could only carry things by themselves. After wheels were used, heavy things could be moved easily. Many ancient Chinese inventions influence the world greatly. Paper-making and printing helped knowledge spread fast. The compass guided ships on the sea. 3 Now new inventions come out every year. Smart machines help people work better. New energy tools protect our earth. 4 We all can be creative. Watch carefully in daily life, find out problems, and think of new ways. 5 A．Every great invention starts with an idea. B．People invent lots of things in history. C．Gunpowder was used for fireworks and wars. D．New inventions keep changing our world day by day. E．Different inventions appear in different times. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍发明的作用，讲述历史上的古老发明、中国古代发明以及现代新发明，号召我们要有创造力。 【详解】1．空后句子提到“Many of these inventions”，说明前文需提及发明的存在。选项B“历史上人们发明了很多东西”作为全文首句，引出话题，且与后文指代一致。 2．本段主要讲述轮子是几千年前发明的古老发明。选项E“不同时期出现不同发明”作为本段主题句，引出下文关于古代发明（轮子）的具体例子，符合按时间顺序叙述的逻辑。 3．本段列举中国古代发明。选项C“火药被用于烟花和战争”是中国四大发明之一，与前文列举的发明构成完整序列。 4．本段讲述现代新发明层出不穷。选项D“新发明每天都在改变我们的世界”是对本段现代发明影响的总结升华。 5．本段鼓励创新，提到“think of new ways”。选项A“每个伟大发明都始于一个想法”与前文“creative”、“think”相呼应，作为全文结尾恰当。 Passage 9 Great thinkers have changed the world with their brilliant thoughts. Many students want to learn how to think like them. 1 Here are some ways to help you. 2 Read biographies of great thinkers. You can learn about their lives, their struggles and how they came up with their ideas. For example, reading about Newton will tell you how he discovered gravity by watching an apple fall. Second, practice asking questions. Great thinkers never stop asking “why” and “how”. 3 This will help you think more deeply. Third, try to solve problems in different ways. When you have a problem, don’t just use the usual method. 4 You might find a better solution. Finally, don’t be afraid of failure. Great thinkers failed many times before they succeeded. 5 If you keep trying, you will develop your own brilliant thoughts. A．First, learn about great thinkers. B．Failure is part of the journey to success. C．Many students don’t know where to start. D．Ask questions about everything around you. E．Try to think of other ways to solve it. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了学生如何像伟大思想家一样思考，并提供了四种具体的建议方法。 【详解】1．空前提到很多学生想要学会像伟大思想家一样思考，空后引出下文的方法，C选项“Many students don’t know where to start.”起到承上启下的衔接作用，符合语境。 2．后文出现Second、Third、Finally的顺序标识，此处是第一条建议，A选项“First, learn about great thinkers.”中的First对应后文的顺序逻辑，且内容和后文阅读思想家传记的内容匹配。 3．本段核心是“practice asking questions”，D选项“Ask questions about everything around you.”承接前文思想家不断问“为什么”和“如何”的表述，也呼应后文“help you think more deeply”的结果。 4．本段核心是“try to solve problems in different ways”，空前说不要只用常规方法，E选项“Try to think of other ways to solve it.”承接前文，也呼应后文可能找到更好方案的表述。 5．本段核心是“don’t be afraid of failure”，空前提到思想家成功前多次失败，B选项“Failure is part of the journey to success.”承接上下文，贴合段落主题。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $