考前押题03 阅读理解（期中专项训练）九年级英语上学期新教材仁爱科普版

考前押题03 阅读理解 话题1 家乡变化 话题2 社会发展 话题3 叙事忆旧 话题4 环境保护（难点） 话题5 个人经历 话题6 发明与创造（难点） 话题7 科普知识（常考点） 话题8 中华文化 话题1 家乡变化（共4篇） Passage 1 I am Anderson. My hometown is a small but beautiful town. I left my hometown ten years ago. Now I’m back. I find that it has changed a lot. When I left, there were only a few small shops in my hometown. Now, there is a new big supermarket in the south of the town. And there are different kinds of things in it. There is also a new hotel. There was a great park there before, but people cut down all the trees. It is a pity. In the north of the town, there was a town library. It was old and small ten years ago but it is big and beautiful now. And there are more books and magazines in it. People in my town like to go there to read. There is also a new post office just across from my old school. In the centre of the town, there is a big change: people can’t drive there, but can only walk or ride bikes. There are also more flowers and trees in the town centre, and they are so beautiful. Another change is the number of new restaurants. There are more restaurants in my hometown. There is a new Chinese restaurant in the town centre and a new Thai restaurant near my home. I like the two restaurants very much! 1．When did Anderson leave his hometown? A．In September, 2006. B．Ten years ago. C．At the age of ten. D．On Wednesday. 2．What does the underlined word “pity” mean? A．joke. B．lie. C．regret. D．surprise. 3．Put the new places that Anderson told us into the correct order according to the passage. a. The hotel.   b. The post office.   c. The restaurants.    d. The supermarket. A．a-b-c-d B．d-c-b-a C．a-d-b-c D．d-a-b-c 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the material? A．The town library becomes big and beautiful now. B．People can drive in the centre of the town. C．There is a new hotel in the south of the town. D．The new post office is across from the school. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 Today, the School Painting Club will hold a multimedia competition (比赛) with the theme of “Changes in My Hometown”. If you are a middle school student and interested in this competition, please pay attention to the information carefully. For players in the competition, you need to sign up (报名) on. www.zzmiddleschool.org/paintyourhometown, which is open from 9:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m. on July 1st. The competition will end at 6:00 p.m. on July 15th. Please send your work to zzmiddle@school.com before the deadline (截止时间). Each person can only send one piece of work, so please do not send more. You can choose to create a poster. The work MUST be connected with the “changes” in your hometown. You can show the changes of you and your hometown in the form of short videos and explain the key points of your poster. We will score your work according to the content (内容). If you have any questions, please call us at 999-333-000. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Who can join in the competition according to the text? A．Li Hui, who is a 14-year-old student. B．Zhang Qi, who is a student from Grade 2. C．Gao Na, who is a teacher in a middle school. D．Wang Meng, who is a doctor in a hospital. 2．When can students sign up for the poster competition? A．At 8:00 a.m. on July 1st. B．At 5:00 p.m. on July 1st. C．At 8:00 a.m. on July 16th. D．At 7:00 p.m. on July 15th.3 3．What is the main focus of the poster competition? A．Showing deep love for your hometown. B．Introducing the favourite food of your hometown. C．Describing the past environment in your hometown. D．Comparing the past with the present of your hometown. 4．Which of the following forms can players use for the competition? A．Photos. B．Videos. C．Poems. D．Songs. 5．What type of writing is the text? A．A diary. B．A report. C．A letter. D．A notice Passage 3 My hometown Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province. It is a modern and busy city. With the development of the economy (经济), it has changed a lot in the past few years: For one thing, people took a trolleybus (无轨电车) to go out in the past. But now, many people choose to take the subway. What’s more, taking a taxi has become very popular. There are some apps on the phone, and some people use them to call taxis. It may be much cheaper. Besides, the buildings nowadays are different from those in the past. In the past, the tallest building in Zhengzhou was Erqi Memorial Tower (二七纪念塔). It is one of the symbols of Zhengzhou. Now the tallest building in the city is Zhongyuan-Fu Tower (中原福塔). Here, you can see the beautiful scenery of Zhengzhou. As for the environment, in the 1980s and before, Zhengzhou was full of trees, flowers and fresh air. But with the development of the economy, people paid little attention to the importance of plants and fresh air. People cut down many plants and the air got worse. Now, people realize the importance of protecting the environment. They take action to grow plants in parks as well as along rivers and mountains. Now the environment is getting better than before. 1．Which kind of transportation isn’t mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．Trolleybus. B．Plane. C．Taxi. D．Subway. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The symbol of Zhengzhou. B．The lowest building in Zhengzhou. C．The changes in buildings in Zhengzhou. D．The importance of protecting the environment. 3．How do people protect the environment in Zhengzhou now according to the text? A．By planting more flowers in their yards. B．By reducing the number of factories. C．By trying to walk or ride when they go out. D．By growing plants in parks as well as along rivers and mountains. 4．What is the structure of the text? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What would be the best title for the text? A．The Environment in My Hometown B．The Great Changes in My Hometown C．The Special Culture in My Hometown D．The Economic Development in My Hometown Passage 4 When I was very young, people in our village made a living by growing fruit trees. My grandmother always took me to the orchard (果园) halfway up the hill (半山腰). At that time, they had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to halfway up the hill. Even though they worked so hard, the fruit production was still low because there was a shortage of water. One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about our difficulties, and later, a canal project (灌溉工程) was built in my village. “Who are they?” I asked. “They are good men from our government,” my grandma replied. Then, I moved to another city for middle school. During one summer holiday, I came back to my hometown with my parents. When we arrived there, we were astonished because everything had changed. We saw the canal running through every orchard. And my grandma told us that after the canal project was completed, villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill to carry water anymore. And more and more people started growing fruit trees, and the production increased a lot. Thanks to the government’s canal project, the development of our countryside has improved. Nowadays, people work hard to make a living in big cities. However, we should not forget our hometown. That is where we are from. 1．How did people make a living in the village when the writer was young? A．By planting vegetables. B．By growing fruit trees. C．By building canal projects. 2．The difficulty of the villagers was that ________. A．they didn’t have money to buy water B．there wasn’t enough water in the orchard C．they couldn’t go to work in big cities 3．What does the underlined word “astonished” probably mean? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Angry. 4．What is the correct order of the following events? ① A canal project was built in the village to solve the water problem. ② The countryside changed a lot because of the canal project. ③ The writer moved to another city for middle school. ④ The villagers had to go up and down the hill to carry water. A．④①③② B．④③①② C．③①②④ 5．What message does the writer really want to express to us? A．His village has hardly changed. B．There are many good men in the village. C．Our hometown means a lot to us. 话题2 社会发展（共3篇） Passage 1 a In ancient China, people first wrote on pottery with knives. Later, they wrote on bones and bronze (青铜). In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, brushes and bamboo slips became popular. Then, paper has been widely used until today. Now, we use computers and phones to write. This helps us increase our writing speed and protect trees. b Nowadays, synthetic dyes (合成染料) are common because they are cheaper and can produce brighter colors than natural ones. However, they often pollute the water. In the past, ancient people used natural dyes from plants. These dyes did not hurt the environment. To make the earth greener, we should encourage the use of these dyes. c In ancient times, people used leaves and oil paper to pack food. In the 19th century, glass bottles and metal boxes became popular. They could be used again and again and protect food better. Later, plastic (塑料) packaging was widely used because it was light and cheap. Now, plastic still plays an important part in packaging, but it causes pollution. d Long ago, people used natural cleaners. The water left after washing rice was the most widely used cleaner. People also used soap berries to wash away oil and dirt. They were used for washing clothes too. Now, most cleaning products are made from chemicals. They work better but may pollute the environment. 1．What did the ancient Chinese use when writing during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty? A．Paper and pottery. B．Bones and bronze. C．Brushes and bamboo slips. 2．How are modern synthetic dyes different from ancient ones? A．Synthetic dyes are cheaper but produce fewer colors. B．Synthetic dyes are more colorful but more expensive. C．Synthetic dyes are cheaper but less environmentally friendly. 3．Why were glass bottles and metal boxes popular? A．They were easy to make. B．They were good for food. C．They were cheap and brought convenience. 4．What does Passage d mainly talk about? A．Different ways to clean things in the past. B．Ways to make cleaners from natural materials. C．Differences between natural cleaners and chemical cleaners. 5．What do the passages have in common? A．They discuss how everyday products have changed. B．They have little to do with people’s daily lives in ancient times. C．They show technology brings convenience and is good for the earth. Passage 2 ①Aaron Whiteside, born in the 1980s, believes that life was better in times gone by. He thinks that people were polite and nice in the 1930s but they are greedy (贪婪的) in the modern society. But his friend thinks that living conditions have improved a lot and humans are still kind today. So what do you think? ②Just like Aaron Whiteside, nostalgic people think the days in the past were much better than now. People lived more happily with fewer worries in the past. In the old days, people sat around a table together, sharing food and conversations. But now most UK families spend about 20 minutes on supper before hurrying off. Families know less about each other’s lives. There is much more pressure on making a living. ③Besides, people bought fewer things in the past, which was better for the environment and made people more creative. For example, bands from the 1960s, such as the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, were much better than today’s. Creative expression is now being lost to technology and greed. ④ ▲ . In their opinion, both men and women are able to live how they like now. However, women’s position was quite low in the past because they were expected to stay at home, looking after babies and doing a lot of housework. Most women lived a boring life at that time. ⑤What’s more, it is agreed that children get better education today. That’s because there are more schools and colleges in the modern society. Thanks to technology development, we live in a shared world where we share information, services and culture, and that teaches us new perspectives (视角). 1．Aaron Whiteside and his friend are mentioned as examples to ________. A．explain the importance of being polite and nice B．compare people’s lives in different places C．give useful suggestions on keeping friendship D．show different opinions on life now and then 2．Nostalgic people in Paragraph 2 refer to the people who ________. A．care about money B．miss the past C．care about health D．refuse to change 3．The missing part in the fourth paragraph marked as “ ▲ ” should be ________. A．So, many people prefer to live in the past B．Besides, life in the past was simple C．However, others hold that life now is fairer D．Actually, people now are much more creative 4．The structure of this passage may be ________. A．B． C． D． Passage 3 Used to describe past life, “used to do” shows something was true in the past but it is not true now. But many students mix it up with “be used to doing”. “be used to doing” means “get used to something”. “to” here is a preposition and you must use “doing” after it. Have you ever been to a place that changed a lot? Now complete towns have changed greatly in China over the last twenty years. Many villages have become modern towns. Some people have moved to big cities. Some people still live in their hometown. They have seen great changes take place around them. “take place” has no passive form. It is used to describe big events or changes that happen. So far, many places have built new railways and highways. People’s living conditions are much better. But changes also bring new challenges. We should try our best to solve these new problems. 1．What does “used to do” mean? A．Be used to doing things now. B．Something was true in the past but not now. C．Get used to doing something. D．Do something in the future. 2．Which sentence is RIGHT according to the text? A．In “be used to doing”, the “to” is an infinitive. B．“take place” can be used in the passive voice. C．“over the last twenty years” is used for the present perfect tense. D．“be used to doing” is followed by the base form of the verb. 3．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Grammar tips about “used to do” and changes in China. B．How to build new railways. C．How to move to big cities. D．How to solve pollution problems. 话题3 叙事忆旧（共3篇） Passage 1 When I was a child, I lived in a quiet small town with my grandparents. Everyone in the town knew each other, and life was slow and simple. I spent most of my free time playing outside with my friends. We used to climb the old banyan tree behind my house, catch fireflies in the summer evenings, and swim in the clear small river nearby. My grandma often made sweet osmanthus cookies for me, and my grandpa taught me how to fish with a homemade rod. Those days were full of joy without any worries. When I was ten, my parents took me to the city to live. I had to leave my friends and the small town behind. At first, I felt lonely and missed my grandparents terribly. But gradually, I made new friends at school and got used to the busy city life. Now I’m a high school student. Every summer vacation, I go back to the small town to visit my grandparents. The old banyan tree is still there, and the river is still clear. When I’m there, I feel like I’m a carefree child again. I will never forget those sweet childhood memories. 1．Where did the writer live when he was a child? A．In a big city. B．In a small town. C．In a mountain village. D．In a coastal city. 2．What did the writer NOT do in the small town? A．Climb the old banyan tree. B．Catch fireflies in the evening. C．Swim in the small river. D．Play computer games at home. 3．Who taught the writer how to fish? A．His father. B．His mother. C．His grandpa. D．His grandma. 4．How did the writer feel when he first moved to the city? A．Happy and excited. B．Lonely and sad. C．Angry and upset. D．Surprised and curious. 5．What does the writer do every summer? A．He goes back to the small town to visit his grandparents. B．He takes a trip with his parents to the countryside. C．He attends a summer camp with his new friends. D．He stays at home to study for exams. Passage 2 My brother and I were driving home together happily and talking about something interesting. Without paying attention, my brother took a wrong turn. Unfortunately, the wrong turn took us toward a bridge, and we had no way of turning back. To cross the bridge, my brother had to pay. He was clearly upset about the mistake and the cost of $4. As we drove forward, my brother noticed an old black car by the side of the road. A young man was standing nearby, trying to phone someone. I was trying to figure out which way we would go next, but my brother pulled over and asked the man if he needed any help. And he did. He had a flat tire (没气的轮胎). My brother helped him change the flat tire. We started getting to know that the young man was from a neighborhood nearby. He kept thanking us because he really would have had no way if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he thanked us again, pulled out $20, and tried to give it to us. “No, thanks,” I said. “We were never supposed to even get on this bridge. We took a wrong turn, but now we know why we did. It was to help you. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to help others.” What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this process. He was able to turn his trouble into active energy. He was able to offer help even in a bad situation. That could only come from a calm mind and an open heart. It was the bridge we were meant to cross in life. 1．Which of the following has a similar meaning to the underlined phrase “figure out”? A．work out B．come out C．take out D．help out 2．Which of the following is the correct order according to the text? a. The writer’s brother took a wrong turn. b. The writer’s brother drove home happily. c. The writer’s brother helped the young man. d. The writer’s brother paid to cross the bridge. e. The writer’s brother noticed a black car by the road. A．b—d—a—e—c B．b—a—d—e—c C．d—a—b—e—c D．d—a—e—c—b 3．Which word can best describe the writer’s brother? A．Polite. B．Popular. C．Easy-going. D．Warm-hearted. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The brother’s active way of life. B．The writer’s interest in his brother. C．The bridge to cross in the writer’s life. D．Turning a mistake into an opportunity. Passage 3 Times change! The day I heard that the Bright Bookstore was closing, I was sad. The bookstore had been in the neighborhood for 50 years, and it was a great place where people could connect through their love of books. When I met old Tim, the store’s owner, he told me it was difficult to run a traditional bookstore. Most young people liked reading e-books better and more people bought books online. Childhood memories came back to me so clearly. A group of us kids often went to the store. We looked at the new books, or just talked with Tim. We spent hours reading there. Tim encouraged us to share our ideas by writing them on a large board. A few months later, I came back and was surprised to see that the Bright Bookstore was still open for business. It was still old, but inside it was like a different world. In an area, a book reading was going on. Nearby, some readers were sharing their ideas on a screen instead of the large board. Some were reading on computers. It even had a coffee shop selling nice food. Clearly, the Bright Bookstore was in good, creative hands. Tim told me that there were more community (社区) events in the coffee shop such as book readings and even concerts and movie nights. The bookstore was turned into a place where the book lovers got together and shared ideas and experiences. “I’m so glad to see that everything I wanted it to offer to the community is still here,” said Tim. No matter how times change, there are always people who love reading. With the development of technology, traditional bookstores should also change in a creative way. 1．What made the writer sad about the old Bright Bookstore? A．No kids read in it. B．It was closing. C．It moved to another place. D．The owner was too old to run it. 2．Why did the writer miss the old bookstore? A．Because he had a good time working there. B．Because the owner often read stories to him. C．Because it brought him back to the good old days. D．Because he and the owner were good friends. 3．How was the bookstore different a few months later? A．The board helped people share ideas easily B．The coffee shop brought people closer together. C．The new look from the outside surprised people. D．Readers could play games on computers. 4．What does the writer want to remind us? A．Reading always has an important part in our life. B．E-books will take the place of paper books. C．Traditional bookstores will disappear in the future. D．The bookstore was a place where the book lovers enjoyed coffee. 话题4 环境保护（共3篇） Passage 1 A new study from Nanjing University found that the dunes (沙丘) in western China’s deserts are moving more slowly now. According to the study, dunes form in places with a lot of sand and little water. They change shape and move depending on how the wind blows. The team studied dunes in western China’s deserts using pictures from 1986 to 2021. Satellites (卫星) took these pictures from the sky. The team found out that the movement speed of dunes has slowed down by 30 percent. In the area with the fastest decline, the speed of dune movement has dropped from about 9 meters each year to 4.5 meters each year. The main reason is that the wind is not as strong, so it carries less sand, noted China Science Daily. This finding supports the idea of “global wind stilling”. It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. As the slower wind takes away less sand, sandstorms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas. However, slower near-ground wind can also make wind power work less well. It might also make it harder for pollution to go away, said researchers from Nanjing University. 1．What causes dunes to move according to the study? A． B． C． D． 2．How did the team study the dunes? A．By visiting the deserts every year. B．By asking local people about the dunes. C．By using satellite pictures from 1986 to 2021. D．By measuring the dunes with special tools on the ground. 3．What is the correct order of the following events? a. Wind speed slows down near the ground. b. The wind carries less sand. c. There are fewer sandstorms. d. Plants grow back in dry areas. A．a-d-c-b B．a-b-c-d C．b-a-d-c D．c-b-a-d 4．What might happen if ground-level wind keeps getting slower? A．Wind power works more easily. B．There will be less air pollution in cities near the desert. C．Stronger typhoons will form more often over the oceans. D．Deserts could gradually become less sandy and greener. Passage 2 Climate change (气候变化) has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane, increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels (迁徙通道), an expert said. The Siberian crane breeds (繁殖) in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China’s Jiangxi Province. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang. Qian Fawen, a research professor from the National Bird Banding Centre of China, said that Poyang’s water levels decide whether it is suitable for the birds to live there. However, climate change has made the levels change often. “In some years, the lake experiences floods; in others, it experiences droughts. Both of these situations create food shortages in the cranes’ living area,” he said. The Siberian crane is listed as seriously endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. “We need to protect their living area, which is mainly wetland, so that we can protect them,” Qian said. In the recently announced National Action Plan for the Protection of Bird Migration Channels (2021—2035),1,140 places in China were considered as important breeding grounds, wintering grounds and staying stops, including Poyang and the Yellow River wetland in Ningxia. The plan said that the government should watch and count the number of migratory birds and pay farmers for losses caused by the birds. Since China joined the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1992, it has designated(指定)202,600 hectares of wetland as Wetlands of International Importance. They store and clean water, keep all kinds of living things, help store floods and prevent droughts. According to a plan announced by the central government in October, by 2025, China will have protected 55 percent of its wetlands. After the Wetlands Protection Law, the nation’s first law to protect wetlands, was introduced on June 1, 2022, complete protection was strengthened. The law clearly explained what the government should do and introduced strict punishment for people who destroy wetland areas. It limits building at important national wetlands and it doesn’t allow harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing too much. Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation’s wetlands, including some new rare kinds. ________ 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4? A．About 95 percent of the Siberian cranes spend their winter in Poyang Lake. B．Climate change has little influence on the Siberian cranes’ living area in Poyang. C．The Siberian cranes will live in Poyang all year round if the wetland is protected. D．Water levels decide that Poyang Lake isn’t suitable for the Siberian cranes to live in. 2．Which of the following behaviors are right at important wetlands? ①building houses ②making farmlands ③limiting fishing ④leaving wastewater ⑤watching birds A．①③ B．②④ C．③⑤ D．②⑤ 3．What does this passage mainly tell us? A．The problem the Siberian cranes face and the ways people protect wetlands. B．The reason why the Siberian cranes migrate and the place they usually stay in. C．The importance of protecting the Siberian cranes and the result it will lead to. D．The loss of wetlands and the actions that have already been taken to help them. 4．What will the writer probably continue to write in “_________”? A．People have done something to protect wetlands. B．The number of the birds has increased in wetlands C．Experts will go on to do other research on wetlands. D．The government will make more laws to protect wetlands. Passage 3 For a long time, New York City has been working to increase its green spaces. Every year, the city plants tens of thousands of trees. These trees provide shade, lower surface temperatures, take in a large amount of carbon from the air, clean out harmful things, and give homes to wildlife. They also make the city more beautiful. However, a new study shows that something may go wrong. Oaks and sweetgums (橡树和糖胶树), which make up most of the city’s trees today, produce large amounts of a chemical called isoprene. Harmless in itself, isoprene quickly reacts with nitrogen oxides—harmful things produced by cars, buildings, and factories—to form ground-level ozone (臭氧)—a major cause of breathing problems. The study, carried out by scientists from the Columbia Climate School and other research centers, found that if the city keeps planting the same kinds of trees as before, isoprene production in Manhattan will increase by about 140% in the future. As a result, summer ozone levels could rise by as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many benefits for us in so many ways,” said Róisín Commane, one of the study’s members, “But if we are not careful, we could worsen air quality.” The city’s Parks Department is not oblivious to this problem. A few years ago, some of its own researchers did a study and found that city trees do release isoprene. “We didn’t talk much about it at the time,” said Novem Auyeung, a senior scientist at the Parks Department. She said people should not see trees as the problem. “We could plant any trees we like if we just change our lifestyle, which depends too much on cars,” she said. “We are not going to cut down big old oak trees,” Auyeung said, “and we will not stop planting new ones either.” She explained, “You need to think about what you would lose if you did that.” Oak trees are very important, she pointed out, because they provide food and cover for many local insects, birds, and other animals. 1．What does the new study suggest about oaks and sweetgums? A．They slow down the growth of other trees. B．They take in less carbon than expectation. C．They can harm human health indirectly. D．They slowly raise the temperature in the city. 2．Based on the study, what might Commane suggest? A．Cutting down the trees that produce isoprene. B．Stopping tree-planting in the coming years. C．Choosing different kinds of trees for new planting. D．Removing isoprene from trees already planted. 3．What does the underlined phrase “not oblivious to” mean in paragraph 5? A．Honest about. B．Aware of. C．Connected to. D．Hopeful about. 4．What might Auyeung support most? A．Using cars less in daily life. B．Giving animals new places to live. C．Doing more research on this problem. D．Controlling how fast the population grows. Passage 4 ①Do you know that one-third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it? Students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School know that and they learn to make kitchen waste into something useful. ②In October, students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School visited an exhibition center that showed how to recycle kitchen waste. ③They saw how kitchen waste could be turned into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土壤调理剂),” 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner can help improve the quality of the soil. ④The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming,13, even tried making it himself. ⑤“It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container (容器). Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is helpful in our daily life and it is a wonderful experience.” ⑥Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. “I hope students not only pay attention to the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said. 1．How does the writer lead into his idea in Paragraph 1? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By comparing differences. D．By giving examples. 2．What are the correct steps to make something useful from kitchen waste? a. Take out the solid part.        b. Crush the kitchen waste. c. Collect some kitchen waste.       d. Break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner. A．c-d-a-b B．d-c-b-a C．a-b-c-d D．c-b-a-d 3．From the last paragraph, we know that _________. A．the students can get a lot from the textbook B．going outside is a waste of time C．hands-on learning is a new way of learning D．the teacher thinks hands-on learning is important 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell people how to throw away kitchen waste. B．To show people that kitchen waste is really useless. C．To ask the students in Beijing to learn how to make fertilizer. D．To suggest kitchen waste could be reused to make fertilizer. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this text? A．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ B．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ D．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ 话题5 个人经历（共3篇） Passage 1 I’m Zhang Lin. I’m 26. I’d like to talk about some changes in my life over the years. When I was little, I lived with my parents. We had meals together every day. Now, I live by myself and sometimes I don’t have time for breakfast. I have to say that it is not healthy. Another big change in my life is the way I shop. In the past, I went shopping at stores, but today I can shop online. I think it is much easier and simpler. I always order fruit and vegetables on phone apps. There are so many choices, and shopping online saves me a lot of time. 1．What did Zhang Lin do when she was little? A．She lived with her parents. B．She lived by herself. C．She shopped online. D．She cooked meals every day. 2．Which of the following statements is an OPINION (观点)? A．Zhang Lin had meals with her parents when she was young. B．Zhang Lin sometimes doesn’t have time for breakfast now. C．Zhang Lin often orders fruit and vegetables on phone apps. D．Zhang Lin’s lifestyle is not very healthy. 3．How does Zhang Lin shop today? A．She goes shopping at stores. B．She shops online. C．Her parents shop for her. D．She never shops. 4．What does Zhang Lin think of shopping online? A．It wastes a lot of time. B．It is difficult. C．It is much easier and simpler. D．It has few choices. 5．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Zhang Lin’s eating habits. B．Changes in Zhang Lin’s life. C．How to shop online. D．Zhang Lin’s parents. Passage 2 Sandra opened her eyes and jumped out of bed. Most days she hated getting up early. But today was different. Sandra was wide awake and excited. Her family were going on a hike (徒步旅行)! This was Sandra’s first hike. After two hours’ driving, Sandra’s family came to the hiking trail (路径). It was a trail that went into the forest. Sandra, her mother, and her brother James began to walk. Butterflies and bees flew over the flowers. James had hiked this trail before. He talked about his last hiking experience. Sandra wanted to talk, but she felt out of breath. The trail was steep. They had been walking up the hill for an hour by then. “I’m tired,” Sandra said. “Come on, Sandra,” said James. “You can do it!” Sandra kept going. If her brother said she could do it, Sandra knew she could. Sandra looked around at the plants to keep her mind off of how tired she felt. There was green everywhere. There were trees that Sandra had never seen before. “Look, Sandra!” her brother called suddenly. They were at a pool at the bottom of a waterfall (瀑布). “Congratulations, Sandra!” said her mother. “You’ve just finished your first hike!” 1．Why did Sandra wake up early today? A．Because she slept early last night. B．Because her parents woke her up. C．Because her family were going on a hike. D．Because she didn’t want to be late for school. 2．How did they get to the hiking trail? A．By bus. B．By car. C．By bike. D．On foot. 3．What does the underlined word “steep” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．陡峭的 B．平坦的 C．宽阔的 D．光滑的 4．How did Sandra keep her mind off of her tiredness? A．By singing songs. B．By playing with a small rabbit. C．By enjoying beautiful sights around her. D．By talking with her mother and brother all the way. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Live and learn. B．Practice makes perfect. C．When there’s a dream, it will come true soon. D．Nothing is impossible if you keep on doing it. Passage 3 When I first arrived in Qingdao in 2015, I felt both excited and nervous. As a student from Pakistan, everything was new to me. The modern life, historical buildings, and beautiful beaches all amazed me. At first, communication was difficult for me. I could only speak a few basic phrases in Chinese, so I depended on gestures and translation apps (翻译应用程序). However, I felt happy when I successfully ordered food at a noodle shop and made my first Chinese friend who taught me to say “man man lai” take it easy. After getting my master’s degree (硕士学位) at the Ocean University of China, I moved to Wuhan University to continue my studies. Moving to Wuhan was like stepping into a quite different part of China. During my time there, I made friends from around the world and experienced different cultures. Today, I am in Dalian, working at a university. This city’s beautiful beaches make me think of Qingdao, where I first began to understand China. Living in China for nearly ten years has made me experience the country’s rapid development. High-speed trains, QR codes, and e-wallets have all become parts of daily life. I really enjoy my time here. China is not just a country to me. It’s my second home. 1．When first arriving in Qingdao, the writer had difficulty in _________. A．keeping in touch with his family B．finding a place to live C．getting used to local food D．making himself understood 2．What did the writer do after getting his master’s degree? A．He returned to Pakistan. B．He traveled around China. C．He went to study at Wuhan University. D．He started working in a university. 3．How does the writer like his life in China? A．Enjoyable and meaningful. B．Lonely and quiet. C．Busy and exciting. D．Hard and boring. 4．What writing style does the writer use in the passage? A．By space order. B．By time order. C．By cause and effect. D．By listing numbers. 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To discuss the great changes in China. B．To share personal experiences in China. C．To introduce famous universities in China. D．To give advice on living and working in China. Passage 4 During the rainy season, Wen’s classroom floor was often covered with water from wet umbrellas. The umbrella stand near the door was narrow, so large umbrellas fell out and blocked the way. For Invention Week, Wen set two goals: keep the floor dry and let students handle umbrellas quickly. His first model used a tall cardboard box with holes cut in the top. It kept umbrellas upright, but water softened the bottom (底部) within a day. For the second model, Wen placed the box inside a plastic tray (托盘). The floor stayed dry, yet students had difficulty finding their own umbrellas because the handles were too close together. Wen then watched how students entered the room. Most wanted to leave quickly, and few would read a number or use a lock. He changed the design into a low round stand with wide spaces around the edge (边缘). Each space had a simple colored shape, so users could remember a red star or a blue circle instead of a number. Water ran through small holes into a removable tray. A three-day test showed another surprise: the round stand took too much space when all the spaces were filled. Wen cut it into two half-circles and placed them against the wall. He also added rubber feet so the stand would not slide (滑动) on the wet floor. This model worked well. At the science show, Wen showed all four models instead of only the final one. Visitors could see how each failure (失败) led to a change in the next idea. His invention reminded visitors that a successful invention is often a record of questions, tests and useful mistakes. 1．Which was one of Wen’s goals at the beginning? A．To make umbrellas dry immediately. B．To use electronic locks. C．To keep the classroom floor dry. D．To win first prize. 2．Why did Wen add a plastic tray? A．To show colored shapes. B．To make the stand taller. C．To hold more umbrellas. D．To collect water. 3．What can we infer from Wen’s observation of students? A．A design must fit users’ actual habits. B．Every invention needs a computer. C．Colored shapes are harder than numbers. D．A tall stand is always safer. 4．What does the underlined part “This model” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The tall cardboard box. B．The two half-circle stands with rubber feet. C．The round stand before testing. D．The original narrow stand. 87．Which statement best summarizes (概括) Wen’s design process? A．He copied an expensive product and made it cheaper. B．He followed visitors’ advice after the science show. C．He improved the stand by testing one problem at a time. D．He chose appearance over practical use. 话题6 发明与创造（共3篇） Passage 1 Floating pool The rivers in New York City may not be the most ideal place to swim, but a group of designers is hoping to change that. Their plan? To build a pool in the city’s East River that will serve as a huge filter for the surrounding river water. The pool’s filters will take away bacteria and contaminants (污染物) and will pump over 2273 tons of clean water back into the river every day. The pool will make for a lot of happy and healthy New Yorkers on a hot summer day. Dog water fountain Your dog can sit, run, and play dead, but can it drink from a water fountain? That trick is simple for your pet with the Pawcet, which lets thirsty dogs get a fresh drink whenever they want with the touch of a paw. Just hook up the Pawcet to your garden hose (水管), and all your dog has to do is step on the platform to drink. Now that’s something that’ll really get your dog’s tail wagging. Solar-powered tent Normally you’d be out of luck if your smartphone was dead while you were camping—but this time you’re sleeping in a Bang Bang solar-powered tent: The brightly colored four-person tent comes with a solar panel that takes in sunlight all day. This creates enough energy to charge the battery (电池) bank inside the tent. All you have to do is connect your gadget (装置) to the battery bank. Now you’ll always have plenty of juice in your phone to have that dance party under the stars. 1．What can’t the floating pool do? A．Treat people’s illnesses. B．Take away bacteria from the river. C．Provide people with a place to swim during the heat of summer. 2．What does the pet dog have to do to drink water? A．Wag its tail. B．Step on the platform. C．Turn on the garden hoses. 3．Which blank can be filled with the underlined word “juice” in the passage? A．I’m thirsty, so I’m going to buy some orange _______ from the shop. B．My electric car has no _______ to start, so I might be late. C．The steak looks dry, it needs more _______ to make it taste better. 4．Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? A．The floating pool provides clean drinking water for the city. B．The dog fountain gets its water from a garden hose. C．The solar-powered tent must be brightly colored to work properly. 5．What can be the title shared by the three passages? A．Technology Makes Life Better B．Problems and Solutions in Big Cities C．Great Ways to Protect Nature Passage 2 Linda always dreamed of having many great toys, but buying them was almost impossible. One afternoon, exploring behind her apartment building, Linda discovered something wonderful. An elderly woman was creating beautiful playthings using thrown-away materials and natural objects. She built a tower from parts of cardboard boxes, and a tiny house with sticks, leaves, and stones. “How do you make such wonderful toys without buying anything?” Linda asked. “The best toys aren’t bought in stores,” the woman smiled warmly. “They’re created with your own hands and imagination. Even everything that people throw away can become something magical. You just need a little creativity.” Inspired, Linda began trying out some ideas at home. She found treasures everywhere. A shoe box became a toy theater. Old socks turned into materials for fashion dolls and old magazines became their clothes. Plastic bottles were used to build rocket ships. Soon, Linda’s bedroom became a world of wonder. Each creation taught her something about design, engineering, and storytelling. One day, Linda went to see her teacher, Mr. Thompson, with an idea. “What if we have a toy-making workshop where students can make their own toys for show-and-tell?” Mr. Thompson was uncertain. Linda then presented the toys she had made, showing him how well-designed and interesting they were. Surprised by her creativity, Mr. Thompson decided to have an activity named “Invention and Innovation (创新) Week” to encourage students to make and show their creative works. Linda was excited and began to teach other students her toy-making skills. During the week, something magical happened. The handmade toys fired everyone’s imagination in ways store toys never could, inspiring stories, games and plays. Some teachers even started to include creative toy-making in their lessons. A local newspaper reported on these young inventors. Other schools wanted to follow their creative practice. The big success of the activity filled Linda with pride. She realized creativity can also be about finding possibilities in seemingly useless materials. 1．How did Linda feel when she saw the elderly woman making playthings? A．Warm. B．Satisfied. C．Proud. D．Amazed. 2．What can we infer from the sentence “Linda’s bedroom became a world of wonder”? A．She made many fantastic handmade works. B．She turned her bedroom into a special toy shop. C．She decorated her bedroom wonderfully. D．She put up colorful posters of places of interest. 3．What happened after Linda put forward her idea to Mr. Thompson? A．A toy-making workshop was open for students to sell toys. B．Some teachers added toy-making to their class lessons. C．A newspaper invited Linda to share her toy-making skills. D．Some other nearby schools held similar activities. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Magic of Waste Materials. B．Value of Handmade Toys. C．Power of Hidden Creativity. D．Joy of Outdoor Discovery. Passage 3 Have you ever walked in the dark? Can you imagine walking with your eyes closed? This is the real experience for blind people. Things like blind sidewalks (盲道) being used by cars or bikes happen sometimes. The travel of the blind is still a big problem. Luckily, an Austrian company has developed a useful travel tool for the blind—smart navigation (导航) shoes. They can help blind people walk safely. The shoes have a camera and they can send information in the front. This system can feel objects four meters away. If the wearer is in a dangerous situation, they will warn him or her by shaking and making a warning sound. In this way, the blind can avoid the danger and go to the place they want without worrying about blind sidewalks. With a special battery (电池), this kind of shoes can be used up to one week. The battery can be fully charged (给……充电) in just three hours with a USB． In the future, this company will work on creating better shoes. They’ll use AI technology to not only find objects on the sidewalks, but also tell wearers what the objects are. For example, ________. “We believe that technology can have a big influence on humans. If the shoes can be sold to the blind or people who cannot see anything clearly, their life will change a lot,” the leader of this company said. 1．The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________. A．telling stories B．asking questions C．listing numbers D．explaining differences 2．According to the passage, the smart navigation shoes can do the following things EXCEPT ________ A．make a warning sound B．warn people by shaking C．be used up to half a month D．feel objects four meters away 3．Which of the following sentences can be put in ________? A．the blind people can go out without the help of guide dogs B．the shoes might tell you how to avoid the objects on the road C．the shoes might tell you if there’s a car or a wall in front of you D．the blind people needn’t worry about getting lost when going out 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． 话题7 科普知识（共3篇） Passage 1 The Steam Engine (蒸汽机）: Changing Our World The steam engine was one of the most important inventions in history. It started the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) and changed how people lived and worked. The story of steam power began long ago. About 2,000 years ago, a Greek inventor named Heron made a simple steam machine. But it was only used as a toy. For many years, nobody used steam for real work. This changed in the 17th century. Mines (矿井) often filled with water, stopping workers from getting coal. In 1698, an Englishman, Thomas Savery, built the first steam machine to take out water from mines. Later, a better and safer steam engine was made by Thomas Newcomen. However, it was still not efficient enough as it wasted a lot of energy. The biggest improvement came from James Watt. In the 1760s, he found a way to make steam engines work much better and use less energy. What’s more, his improved engine could power many kinds of machines. Soon, steam engines were used in factories, trains, and ships. They helped create the modern world. The steam engine’s story can help us think about today’s technology, like computers and data (数据). Just as the steam engine improved slowly over time, today’s “data revolution” is also happening step by step. Early steam engines were only useful near coal mines, where coal was cheap. Similarly, today we mostly use data from our phones and computers in simple ways. The real change came when steam engines became good enough to work anywhere. The same may happen with data. When we learn to use data in smarter ways in the real world, not just on screens, we might see amazing new changes. Like the inventors who made better steam engines, we need to think creatively to find these new possibilities. The steam engine changed the world in the past, and its story can help us prepare for the changes coming in our future. 1．The correct order of the events of the development of the steam engine is ________. a. James Watt improved steam engines the most. b. A Greek inventor made a steam toy. c. Thomas Savery built the first steam machine. d. Steam engines were widely used in factories, trains and ships. e. Thomas Newcomen made a safer steam engine. A．b-c-e-a-d B．c-b-e-a-d C．b-e-c-a-d D．c-e-b-a-d 2．What does the underlined word “efficient” mean? A．Being easy to carry and use. B．Doing jobs well without wasting time or energy. C．Dealing with problems quickly. D．Being popular in many countries. 3．From the text, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．steam engines were popular from the beginning B．important inventions often develop all of a sudden C．the real change may not come until we can use data in the real world D．the new technology of data has completely changed the world so far 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce how to build a steam engine. B．To compare different kinds of steam engines. C．To explain why steam engines are no longer useful. D．To tell how the steam engine was developed and what it reminds us now. Passage 2 Glasses are very useful for many people, helping them see clearly. But their history is quite interesting. Let’s explore it. The earliest glasses were invented in Italy around the 13th century. At first, they were only used by scholars and rich people because they were very expensive. These early glasses didn’t have temples (the parts that go over the ears); people had to hold them in front of their eyes or put them on their noses. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin invented bifocal glasses. They have two parts: one for seeing far and one for seeing near, which was a great help for people with both nearsightedness and farsightedness. Later, in the 20th century, plastic lenses were invented, making glasses lighter and more comfortable. Now, glasses are not only a tool for vision correction but also a fashion accessory. There are many styles, colors, and materials. Some people even wear non-prescription glasses just for their appearance. 1．When were the earliest glasses invented? A．In the 12th century B．In the 13th century C．In the 14th century 2．Why were early glasses only used by scholars and rich people? A．Because they were hard to make. B．Because they were too expensive. C．Because they were not useful. 3．What did Benjamin Franklin invent? A．Plastic lenses. B．Temple-less glasses. C．Bifocal glasses. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about modern glasses? A．They are only used for vision correction. B．Plastic lenses make them heavier. C．Some people wear them as fashion accessories. 话题8 中华文化（共3篇） Passage 1 The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom of Qin (秦国), improved the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to report the situation to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting (狩猎), Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on horseback. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail (痕迹) on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” On arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too oily to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in the stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush pen worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water in the stone hole had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens at school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 1．Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because he didn’t have silk to write on. D．Because the pen brought him much trouble. 2．Which is the right order of improving the brush pen? a. The brush pen could write well.     b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick. c. The special water washed the oil away. d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole. A．b-d-a-c B．d-b-a-c C．b-d-c-a D．c-d-b-a 3．How can students understand Chinese culture better? A．By learning to use brush pens. B．By playing a role. C．By planting more bamboo. D．By inventing things. Passage 2 Dig deep into culture Understand ancient Chinese texts better with the help of Xunzi language model 首个古籍大语言模型“荀子”发布 Thousands of years ago, text (文本) appeared on animal bones and bamboo before they were written on paper. Now ancient Chinese texts have a “new container (容器)” in the modern age. Recently, a research team from Nanjing Agricultural University together with Gulian, a leading ancient Chinese text publisher, introduced a large language model called Xunzi. “Traditional Chinese characters and the absence (缺失) of punctuation marks (标点符号) are always making reading traditional texts hard,” said Wang Dongbo, who led the research, explaining why they made the large language model.   To create this model, Wang and his partners did a lot of research on Chinese classics like Siku Quanshu (《四库全书》) or the Complete Library in Four Sections. “We had to work on two billion (二十亿) Chinese characters and our work gave us a good start,” said Wang. However, it is no easy job. Wang said they need to learn these classics first and then mark the characters into different categories (分类), like adjectives (形容词) and nouns (名词), which are put into the model. But their effort seems to be paying off. Now, the model can help users understand and analyze (分析) ancient Chinese texts. For example, when users type “shangu” into the chat box, they may not only get the information that “shangu” means “valley” but also learn that it could be a person’s courtesy name (字) in ancient Chinese texts.   “The model can help us learn more information hidden in our cultural legacy (文化遗产) and find unnoticed (未被注意到的) connections,” said Wang. Wu Zidan contributed to the story Xunzi  IC Why is the language model called Xunzi? It was named after Xunzi because he was not only a famous philosopher (哲学家) of Confucianism (儒家思想) during the late Warring States Period (战国时期, 475-221 BC ), but he is also believed to be one of the founders (创始人) of linguistics (语言学) in ancient China. Sharing texts with the world Wang Dongbo and his team not only let Chinese people know ancient Chinese texts but also share them with the world. They share the large language model on websites like GitHub, allowing users to download and use it for free. “Our team has been sharing the philosophy of making the data and model with the world so that more people will learn about traditional Chinese culture,” said Wang. Choose the answer: 1．Wang Dongbo and his team made the large language model to ________. A．figure out the ancient punctuation marks B．collect all traditional Chinese characters C．make reading traditional texts easier D．do research on Chinese classics 2．Creating this large language model is ________. A．difficult B．meaningless C．simple D．quick 3．The example in Paragraph 6 shows ________. A．what the model can do B．why the model was created C．what people think about the model D．what disadvantages the model has 4．According to Wang, the new model can help us ________. A．spread Chinese traditional culture B．learn ancient people’s lives in the right way C．learn the ideas of Xunzi better D．better understand our own culture Passage 3 A long time ago in ancient China, people didn’t have a good way to stay dry when it rained. On rainy days, they had to run and hide under trees or wait in pavilions (凉亭). It was hard to travel or do anything outdoors in bad weather. One day, a smart and kind inventor named Luban was walking outside when dark clouds appeared. Soon, heavy rain poured from the sky. Luban quickly ran to a pavilion for cover. As he stood there watching the rain, he noticed something interesting: a little boy running by, holding a big lotus leaf over his head like a roof. The boy was using the lotus leaf to block the rain. It wasn’t perfect, but it worked for a while. Luban smiled and thought, “That’s clever. The leaf acts like a small roof. Maybe I can make something better so that people can carry it with them.” After going home, Luban began working on an idea. He made a light frame (骨架) out of sticks and covered it with oilcloth to stop the rain. It looked like a small, round roof on a stick—the first umbrella. When Luban’s wife, Yun, saw it, she liked it but said, “It’s smart, but it would be even better if it could open and close.” Luban agreed. So together, they improved the design by adding a folding (折叠) frame. Now the umbrella could be easily carried and used anytime. Thanks to the boy with the lotus leaf, Luban got inspired. And with Yun’s help, the umbrella was born—a clever tool that helps people stay dry and happy, even on the rainiest days. 1．What problem did people in ancient China face on rainy days? A．They couldn’t stay dry outside. B．They liked to dance in the rain. C．They used umbrellas made of glass. D．They only went swimming when it rained. 2．What gave Luban an idea for the umbrella? A．A bird flying with dry wings. B．A boy using a lotus leaf to block the rain. C．A man carrying a wooden door. D．A leaf floating in a pond. 3．What was Luban’s first umbrella made of? A．Sticks and oilcloth. B．Iron and silk. C．Bamboo and paper. D．Plastic and rubber. 4．What suggestion did Luban’s wife make? A．Paint it red to look nicer. B．Make it big enough to cover a house. C．Add a folding frame so it can open and close. D．Tie it to your head with string. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain how rain impacted people’s lives in ancient China. B．To tell a story about Luban and his wife. C．To discuss the uses of lotus leaves in history. D．To explain how the umbrella was invented and improved. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题03 阅读理解 话题1 家乡变化 话题2 社会发展 话题3 叙事忆旧 话题4 环境保护（难点） 话题5 个人经历 话题6 发明与创造（难点） 话题7 科普知识（常考点） 话题8 中华文化 话题1 家乡变化（共4篇） Passage 1 I am Anderson. My hometown is a small but beautiful town. I left my hometown ten years ago. Now I’m back. I find that it has changed a lot. When I left, there were only a few small shops in my hometown. Now, there is a new big supermarket in the south of the town. And there are different kinds of things in it. There is also a new hotel. There was a great park there before, but people cut down all the trees. It is a pity. In the north of the town, there was a town library. It was old and small ten years ago but it is big and beautiful now. And there are more books and magazines in it. People in my town like to go there to read. There is also a new post office just across from my old school. In the centre of the town, there is a big change: people can’t drive there, but can only walk or ride bikes. There are also more flowers and trees in the town centre, and they are so beautiful. Another change is the number of new restaurants. There are more restaurants in my hometown. There is a new Chinese restaurant in the town centre and a new Thai restaurant near my home. I like the two restaurants very much! 1．When did Anderson leave his hometown? A．In September, 2006. B．Ten years ago. C．At the age of ten. D．On Wednesday. 2．What does the underlined word “pity” mean? A．joke. B．lie. C．regret. D．surprise. 3．Put the new places that Anderson told us into the correct order according to the passage. a. The hotel.   b. The post office.   c. The restaurants.    d. The supermarket. A．a-b-c-d B．d-c-b-a C．a-d-b-c D．d-a-b-c 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the material? A．The town library becomes big and beautiful now. B．People can drive in the centre of the town. C．There is a new hotel in the south of the town. D．The new post office is across from the school. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者Anderson重返阔别十年的家乡，从镇南部、镇北部、镇中心、餐饮等多个方面介绍了家乡发生的诸多变化，表达了对家乡变化的相关感受。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“I left my hometown ten years ago.”可知，Anderson是十年前离开家乡的。 2．根据文章第二段“There was a great park there before, but people cut down all the trees. It is a pity.”可知，原本很棒的公园树木被全部砍除，是令人遗憾的事，pity含义为“遗憾”，与regret意思相近。 3．根据文章行文顺序：第二段首先提到“there is a new big supermarket in the south of the town”（超市d），随后提到“There is also a new hotel”（酒店a）；第三段提到“There is also a new post office just across from my old school”（邮局b）；第五段提到“Another change is the number of new restaurants”（餐馆c）。因此正确顺序为d-a-b-c。 4．根据文章第四段“In the centre of the town, there is a big change: people can’t drive there, but can only walk or ride bikes.”可知，镇中心不允许开车，选项B的表述不符合原文。 5．第一段：总起。安德森回到家乡，发现家乡变化很大，起到总领全文的作用。 第二至五段：分述，依次介绍城镇南部、北部、镇中心、餐馆数量四个方面的变化，四段属于并列的分述内容。 整体行文为总—分，第一段总写，后四段并列展开细节，对应B图示。 Passage 2 Today, the School Painting Club will hold a multimedia competition (比赛) with the theme of “Changes in My Hometown”. If you are a middle school student and interested in this competition, please pay attention to the information carefully. For players in the competition, you need to sign up (报名) on. www.zzmiddleschool.org/paintyourhometown, which is open from 9:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m. on July 1st. The competition will end at 6:00 p.m. on July 15th. Please send your work to zzmiddle@school.com before the deadline (截止时间). Each person can only send one piece of work, so please do not send more. You can choose to create a poster. The work MUST be connected with the “changes” in your hometown. You can show the changes of you and your hometown in the form of short videos and explain the key points of your poster. We will score your work according to the content (内容). If you have any questions, please call us at 999-333-000. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Who can join in the competition according to the text? A．Li Hui, who is a 14-year-old student. B．Zhang Qi, who is a student from Grade 2. C．Gao Na, who is a teacher in a middle school. D．Wang Meng, who is a doctor in a hospital. 2．When can students sign up for the poster competition? A．At 8:00 a.m. on July 1st. B．At 5:00 p.m. on July 1st. C．At 8:00 a.m. on July 16th. D．At 7:00 p.m. on July 15th.3 3．What is the main focus of the poster competition? A．Showing deep love for your hometown. B．Introducing the favourite food of your hometown. C．Describing the past environment in your hometown. D．Comparing the past with the present of your hometown. 4．Which of the following forms can players use for the competition? A．Photos. B．Videos. C．Poems. D．Songs. 5．What type of writing is the text? A．A diary. B．A report. C．A letter. D．A notice 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文（通知），核心内容是学校绘画俱乐部将举办以“我的家乡的变化”为主题的海报比赛，文章向有意向参赛的中学生介绍了比赛的参赛要求、报名时间与方式、作品提交截止时间、作品形式要求及咨询方式等相关事宜。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“If you are a middle school student and interested in this competition, please pay attention to the information carefully.”可知，本次比赛的参赛对象为中学生，14岁的学生李辉符合参赛身份要求。 2．根据文章第2段“you need to sign up on www.zzmiddleschool.org/paintyourhometown, which is open from 9:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m. on July 1st.”可知，比赛报名时间为7月1日上午9点至下午6点，7月1日下午5点处于该有效报名时间段内。 3．根据文章第1段“with the theme of ‘Changes in My Hometown’”以及第5段“The work MUST be connected with the ‘changes’ in your hometown.”可知，比赛的核心是展现家乡的变化，即对比家乡的过去与现在。 4．根据文章第5段“You can show the changes of you and your hometown in the form of short videos and explain the key points of your poster.”可知，参赛者可以使用视频形式展示相关内容。 5．根据文章第1段“Today, the School Painting Club will hold a poster competition with the theme of ‘Changes in My Hometown’. If you are a middle school student and interested in this competition, please pay attention to the information carefully.”及全文对比赛各项事宜的介绍可推知，本文是一则发布比赛信息的通知。 Passage 3 My hometown Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province. It is a modern and busy city. With the development of the economy (经济), it has changed a lot in the past few years: For one thing, people took a trolleybus (无轨电车) to go out in the past. But now, many people choose to take the subway. What’s more, taking a taxi has become very popular. There are some apps on the phone, and some people use them to call taxis. It may be much cheaper. Besides, the buildings nowadays are different from those in the past. In the past, the tallest building in Zhengzhou was Erqi Memorial Tower (二七纪念塔). It is one of the symbols of Zhengzhou. Now the tallest building in the city is Zhongyuan-Fu Tower (中原福塔). Here, you can see the beautiful scenery of Zhengzhou. As for the environment, in the 1980s and before, Zhengzhou was full of trees, flowers and fresh air. But with the development of the economy, people paid little attention to the importance of plants and fresh air. People cut down many plants and the air got worse. Now, people realize the importance of protecting the environment. They take action to grow plants in parks as well as along rivers and mountains. Now the environment is getting better than before. 1．Which kind of transportation isn’t mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．Trolleybus. B．Plane. C．Taxi. D．Subway. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The symbol of Zhengzhou. B．The lowest building in Zhengzhou. C．The changes in buildings in Zhengzhou. D．The importance of protecting the environment. 3．How do people protect the environment in Zhengzhou now according to the text? A．By planting more flowers in their yards. B．By reducing the number of factories. C．By trying to walk or ride when they go out. D．By growing plants in parks as well as along rivers and mountains. 4．What is the structure of the text? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What would be the best title for the text? A．The Environment in My Hometown B．The Great Changes in My Hometown C．The Special Culture in My Hometown D．The Economic Development in My Hometown 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者的家乡郑州（河南省省会）在过去几年经济发展的背景下发生的巨大变化，分别从交通方式、城市建筑、生态环境三个方面展开具体描述。 【详解】1．由第2段“For one thing, people took a trolleybus (无轨电车) to go out in the past. But now, many people choose to take the subway. What’s more, taking a taxi has become very popular.”可知，该段提到了无轨电车、地铁、出租车三种交通方式，未提及飞机。 2．第3段“Besides, the buildings nowadays are different from those in the past.”说明本段围绕郑州的建筑变化展开，先后介绍了过去和现在的城市最高建筑。 3．第4段“They take action to grow plants in parks as well as along rivers and mountains.”提到现在郑州的人们通过在公园、河边以及山间种植植物的方式保护环境。 4．第1段总述郑州在过去几年发生了诸多变化，第2、3、4段分别从交通、建筑、环境三个角度具体介绍变化内容，属于“总-分”结构，与选项A的结构图一致。 5．文章开篇点明家乡郑州近年变化很大，随后从三个维度具体介绍变化内容，全文围绕“家乡的巨大变化”展开。 Passage 4 When I was very young, people in our village made a living by growing fruit trees. My grandmother always took me to the orchard (果园) halfway up the hill (半山腰). At that time, they had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to halfway up the hill. Even though they worked so hard, the fruit production was still low because there was a shortage of water. One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about our difficulties, and later, a canal project (灌溉工程) was built in my village. “Who are they?” I asked. “They are good men from our government,” my grandma replied. Then, I moved to another city for middle school. During one summer holiday, I came back to my hometown with my parents. When we arrived there, we were astonished because everything had changed. We saw the canal running through every orchard. And my grandma told us that after the canal project was completed, villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill to carry water anymore. And more and more people started growing fruit trees, and the production increased a lot. Thanks to the government’s canal project, the development of our countryside has improved. Nowadays, people work hard to make a living in big cities. However, we should not forget our hometown. That is where we are from. 1．How did people make a living in the village when the writer was young? A．By planting vegetables. B．By growing fruit trees. C．By building canal projects. 2．The difficulty of the villagers was that ________. A．they didn’t have money to buy water B．there wasn’t enough water in the orchard C．they couldn’t go to work in big cities 3．What does the underlined word “astonished” probably mean? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Angry. 4．What is the correct order of the following events? ① A canal project was built in the village to solve the water problem. ② The countryside changed a lot because of the canal project. ③ The writer moved to another city for middle school. ④ The villagers had to go up and down the hill to carry water. A．④①③② B．④③①② C．③①②④ 5．What message does the writer really want to express to us? A．His village has hardly changed. B．There are many good men in the village. C．Our hometown means a lot to us. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文通过作者回忆家乡的变化，讲述了政府修建灌溉工程解决了村民用水难的问题，从而促进了果树种植和产量增加。文章最后表达了作者对家乡的深厚感情，提醒人们不要忘记自己的根。 【详解】1．第一段明确指出：“When I was very young, people in our village made a living by growing fruit trees.”，说明作者小时候村里人靠种植果树为生。 2．第一段中提到：“...the fruit production was still low because there was a shortage of water.”，以及村民需要从山脚挑水到半山腰，说明村民的困难是果园里缺水（there wasn’t enough water in the orchard）。 3．第四段中提到，当作者回到家乡时，看到一切都在变化，运河穿过每个果园，不再需要辛苦挑水。面对如此巨大的积极变化，人们的反应通常是惊讶或震惊。因此，“astonished”意为“Surprised”（惊讶的）。Worried（担心的）、Angry（生气的）均不符合语境。 4．根据文章叙述顺序：④作者小时候，村民必须上下山挑水（第一段）。①后来，政府在村里修建了灌溉工程（第二段）。③然后，作者去另一个城市上中学（第四段开头）。②暑假回家时，作者发现乡村因为运河项目发生了巨大变化（第四段后半部分）。 所以正确的顺序是④①③②。 5．文章最后一段明确指出：“However, we should not forget our hometown. That is where we are from.”，说明作者真正想表达的是家乡对我们意义重大（Our hometown means a lot to us）。 话题2 社会发展（共3篇） Passage 1 a In ancient China, people first wrote on pottery with knives. Later, they wrote on bones and bronze (青铜). In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, brushes and bamboo slips became popular. Then, paper has been widely used until today. Now, we use computers and phones to write. This helps us increase our writing speed and protect trees. b Nowadays, synthetic dyes (合成染料) are common because they are cheaper and can produce brighter colors than natural ones. However, they often pollute the water. In the past, ancient people used natural dyes from plants. These dyes did not hurt the environment. To make the earth greener, we should encourage the use of these dyes. c In ancient times, people used leaves and oil paper to pack food. In the 19th century, glass bottles and metal boxes became popular. They could be used again and again and protect food better. Later, plastic (塑料) packaging was widely used because it was light and cheap. Now, plastic still plays an important part in packaging, but it causes pollution. d Long ago, people used natural cleaners. The water left after washing rice was the most widely used cleaner. People also used soap berries to wash away oil and dirt. They were used for washing clothes too. Now, most cleaning products are made from chemicals. They work better but may pollute the environment. 1．What did the ancient Chinese use when writing during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty? A．Paper and pottery. B．Bones and bronze. C．Brushes and bamboo slips. 2．How are modern synthetic dyes different from ancient ones? A．Synthetic dyes are cheaper but produce fewer colors. B．Synthetic dyes are more colorful but more expensive. C．Synthetic dyes are cheaper but less environmentally friendly. 3．Why were glass bottles and metal boxes popular? A．They were easy to make. B．They were good for food. C．They were cheap and brought convenience. 4．What does Passage d mainly talk about? A．Different ways to clean things in the past. B．Ways to make cleaners from natural materials. C．Differences between natural cleaners and chemical cleaners. 5．What do the passages have in common? A．They discuss how everyday products have changed. B．They have little to do with people’s daily lives in ancient times. C．They show technology brings convenience and is good for the earth. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是说明文，分别围绕书写载体、染料、食品包装、清洁剂四类日常事物，介绍了它们从古至今的发展变化，以及不同阶段相关产品的特点与影响。 【详解】1．根据文章a段“In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, brushes and bamboo slips became popular.”可推知，中国古代东周时期人们写字使用毛笔和竹简。 2．根据文章b段“Nowadays, synthetic dyes (合成染料) are common because they are cheaper and can produce brighter colors than natural ones. However, they often pollute the water.”可推知，合成染料比古代天然染料更便宜，但会污染水体，环保性更差。 3．根据文章c段“In the 19th century, glass bottles and metal boxes became popular. They could be used again and again and protect food better.”可推知，玻璃瓶和金属盒流行是因为它们能更好地保护食物，对食物有益。 4．文章d段先后介绍了古代天然清洁剂（淘米水、皂角）和如今化学清洁剂的特点与使用情况，核心内容是讲述天然清洁剂与化学清洁剂的区别。 5．四篇短文分别介绍了书写工具、染料、食品包装、清洁剂这几种日常用品从古到今的发展变化，由此可推知它们的共同点是都围绕日常产品的变化展开讨论。 Passage 2 ①Aaron Whiteside, born in the 1980s, believes that life was better in times gone by. He thinks that people were polite and nice in the 1930s but they are greedy (贪婪的) in the modern society. But his friend thinks that living conditions have improved a lot and humans are still kind today. So what do you think? ②Just like Aaron Whiteside, nostalgic people think the days in the past were much better than now. People lived more happily with fewer worries in the past. In the old days, people sat around a table together, sharing food and conversations. But now most UK families spend about 20 minutes on supper before hurrying off. Families know less about each other’s lives. There is much more pressure on making a living. ③Besides, people bought fewer things in the past, which was better for the environment and made people more creative. For example, bands from the 1960s, such as the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, were much better than today’s. Creative expression is now being lost to technology and greed. ④ ▲ . In their opinion, both men and women are able to live how they like now. However, women’s position was quite low in the past because they were expected to stay at home, looking after babies and doing a lot of housework. Most women lived a boring life at that time. ⑤What’s more, it is agreed that children get better education today. That’s because there are more schools and colleges in the modern society. Thanks to technology development, we live in a shared world where we share information, services and culture, and that teaches us new perspectives (视角). 1．Aaron Whiteside and his friend are mentioned as examples to ________. A．explain the importance of being polite and nice B．compare people’s lives in different places C．give useful suggestions on keeping friendship D．show different opinions on life now and then 2．Nostalgic people in Paragraph 2 refer to the people who ________. A．care about money B．miss the past C．care about health D．refuse to change 3．The missing part in the fourth paragraph marked as “ ▲ ” should be ________. A．So, many people prefer to live in the past B．Besides, life in the past was simple C．However, others hold that life now is fairer D．Actually, people now are much more creative 4．The structure of this passage may be ________. A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，以Aaron与朋友对今昔生活的不同看法引入话题，分别阐述了怀旧人群认为过去生活更美好的理由，以及另一群体认为现代生活更优越的理由，呈现了两种对立的观点。 【详解】1．根据文章第①段“Aaron Whiteside, born in the 1980s, believes that life was better in times gone by. He thinks that people were polite and nice in the 1930s but they are greedy in the modern society. But his friend thinks that living conditions have improved a lot and humans are still kind today.”可推知，二人对过去和现在的生活持有截然不同的看法，作者以二人为例是为了展示人们对今昔生活的不同观点。 2．根据文章第②段“... think the days in the past were much better than now.”可猜测，这类人和Aaron想法一致，都认为过去的日子比现在更好，也就是怀念过去的人。 3．根据文章第④段“In their opinion, both men and women are able to live how they like now. However, women’s position was quite low in the past because they were expected to stay at home, looking after babies and doing a lot of housework.”可推知，本段内容围绕“当下生活更公平”展开，且与前文“过去更好”的观点形成转折，空缺处作为本段总起句，应引出这一相反的观点，故选C。 4．梳理全文逻辑：第①段通过事例引出“过去与现在生活哪个更好”的话题，是全文总起段；第②③段从家庭相处、创造力与环保的角度，论述“过去生活更美好”的观点；第④⑤段从性别平等、教育与科技发展的角度，论述“当下生活更优越”的观点；全文为“总-分”结构，分为两大观点分支，每个分支包含两个论述段落，与选项A的结构图示一致。 Passage 3 Used to describe past life, “used to do” shows something was true in the past but it is not true now. But many students mix it up with “be used to doing”. “be used to doing” means “get used to something”. “to” here is a preposition and you must use “doing” after it. Have you ever been to a place that changed a lot? Now complete towns have changed greatly in China over the last twenty years. Many villages have become modern towns. Some people have moved to big cities. Some people still live in their hometown. They have seen great changes take place around them. “take place” has no passive form. It is used to describe big events or changes that happen. So far, many places have built new railways and highways. People’s living conditions are much better. But changes also bring new challenges. We should try our best to solve these new problems. 1．What does “used to do” mean? A．Be used to doing things now. B．Something was true in the past but not now. C．Get used to doing something. D．Do something in the future. 2．Which sentence is RIGHT according to the text? A．In “be used to doing”, the “to” is an infinitive. B．“take place” can be used in the passive voice. C．“over the last twenty years” is used for the present perfect tense. D．“be used to doing” is followed by the base form of the verb. 3．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Grammar tips about “used to do” and changes in China. B．How to build new railways. C．How to move to big cities. D．How to solve pollution problems. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文主要讲解了“used to do”、“be used to doing”以及“take place”等词汇的语法知识，并结合这些语法点描述了过去二十年来中国城乡发生的巨大变化。 【详解】1．根据第一段第一句“‘used to do’ shows something was true in the past but it is not true now.”可知，“used to do”表示某事在过去是真的但现在不是了。 2．根据第二段“Now complete towns have changed greatly in China over the last twenty years.”可知，句中使用了现在完成时结构“have changed”来搭配时间状语“over the last twenty years”，这表明“over the last twenty years”常用于现在完成时。 3．本文第一段重点讲解了“used to do”相关的语法知识，第二段在介绍过去二十年中国发生的巨大变化的同时，穿插了“take place”的语法讲解；第三段继续阐述各地发展与变化带来的新挑战。A选项“Grammar tips about ‘used to do’ and changes in China.”概括了这篇语法知识点与中国社会变化相结合的文章的中心思想。 话题3 叙事忆旧（共3篇） Passage 1 When I was a child, I lived in a quiet small town with my grandparents. Everyone in the town knew each other, and life was slow and simple. I spent most of my free time playing outside with my friends. We used to climb the old banyan tree behind my house, catch fireflies in the summer evenings, and swim in the clear small river nearby. My grandma often made sweet osmanthus cookies for me, and my grandpa taught me how to fish with a homemade rod. Those days were full of joy without any worries. When I was ten, my parents took me to the city to live. I had to leave my friends and the small town behind. At first, I felt lonely and missed my grandparents terribly. But gradually, I made new friends at school and got used to the busy city life. Now I’m a high school student. Every summer vacation, I go back to the small town to visit my grandparents. The old banyan tree is still there, and the river is still clear. When I’m there, I feel like I’m a carefree child again. I will never forget those sweet childhood memories. 1．Where did the writer live when he was a child? A．In a big city. B．In a small town. C．In a mountain village. D．In a coastal city. 2．What did the writer NOT do in the small town? A．Climb the old banyan tree. B．Catch fireflies in the evening. C．Swim in the small river. D．Play computer games at home. 3．Who taught the writer how to fish? A．His father. B．His mother. C．His grandpa. D．His grandma. 4．How did the writer feel when he first moved to the city? A．Happy and excited. B．Lonely and sad. C．Angry and upset. D．Surprised and curious. 5．What does the writer do every summer? A．He goes back to the small town to visit his grandparents. B．He takes a trip with his parents to the countryside. C．He attends a summer camp with his new friends. D．He stays at home to study for exams. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者童年时在小镇与祖父母生活的快乐时光，十岁时搬去城市后的感受，以及现在每年暑假回小镇看望祖父母的故事，表达了对童年美好回忆的怀念。 【详解】1．根据第一段“When I was a child, I lived in a quiet small town with my grandparents.可知，作者小时候住在小镇。 2．根据第一段中“We used to climb the old banyan tree behind my house, catch fireflies in the summer evenings, and swim in the clear small river nearby.”可知，作者做过爬树、捉萤火虫和游泳，文中未提及在家玩电脑游戏。 3．根据第一段“...and my grandpa taught me how to fish with a homemade rod.”可知，是爷爷教作者钓鱼。 4．根据第二段“At first, I felt lonely and missed my grandparents terribly.”可知，作者刚搬到城市时感到孤独和难过。 5．根据第二段“Every summer vacation, I go back to the small town to visit my grandparents.”可知，作者每年暑假都会回小镇看望祖父母。 Passage 2 My brother and I were driving home together happily and talking about something interesting. Without paying attention, my brother took a wrong turn. Unfortunately, the wrong turn took us toward a bridge, and we had no way of turning back. To cross the bridge, my brother had to pay. He was clearly upset about the mistake and the cost of $4. As we drove forward, my brother noticed an old black car by the side of the road. A young man was standing nearby, trying to phone someone. I was trying to figure out which way we would go next, but my brother pulled over and asked the man if he needed any help. And he did. He had a flat tire (没气的轮胎). My brother helped him change the flat tire. We started getting to know that the young man was from a neighborhood nearby. He kept thanking us because he really would have had no way if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he thanked us again, pulled out $20, and tried to give it to us. “No, thanks,” I said. “We were never supposed to even get on this bridge. We took a wrong turn, but now we know why we did. It was to help you. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to help others.” What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this process. He was able to turn his trouble into active energy. He was able to offer help even in a bad situation. That could only come from a calm mind and an open heart. It was the bridge we were meant to cross in life. 1．Which of the following has a similar meaning to the underlined phrase “figure out”? A．work out B．come out C．take out D．help out 2．Which of the following is the correct order according to the text? a. The writer’s brother took a wrong turn. b. The writer’s brother drove home happily. c. The writer’s brother helped the young man. d. The writer’s brother paid to cross the bridge. e. The writer’s brother noticed a black car by the road. A．b—d—a—e—c B．b—a—d—e—c C．d—a—b—e—c D．d—a—e—c—b 3．Which word can best describe the writer’s brother? A．Polite. B．Popular. C．Easy-going. D．Warm-hearted. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The brother’s active way of life. B．The writer’s interest in his brother. C．The bridge to cross in the writer’s life. D．Turning a mistake into an opportunity. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者和哥哥回家时意外拐错路口过桥，途中主动帮助一位爆胎路人，将失误转化为助人契机的暖心经历。 【详解】1．第三段提到“…which way we would go next”，可推知此处指弄清楚接下来走哪一条路，figure out表示“弄清楚”，work out有“弄懂、想清楚”的含义，和figure out词义相近。 2．第一段第1句提到“My brother and I were driving home together happily...”，对应b；第一段第2句提到“my brother took a wrong turn”，对应a；第二段提到“my brother had to pay”，对应d；第三段提到“my brother noticed an old black car by the side of the road”，对应e；第四段提到“My brother helped him change the flat tire”，对应c，先后顺序为b—a—d—e—c。 3．第三段提到“...but my brother pulled over and asked the man if he needed any help.”以及第四段提到“My brother helped him change the flat tire.”，说明哥哥在走错路的情况下仍主动停车帮助陌生人更换备胎，该行为最能体现热心的特点。 4．最后一段提到“He was able to turn his trouble into active energy. He was able to offer help even in a bad situation. That could only come from a calm mind and an open heart.”，作者通过观察哥哥的行为，赞扬了哥哥在糟糕的情况下仍能将麻烦转化为积极能量并主动提供帮助的品质，这些都体现了哥哥积极的生活方式，因此答案为A。 Passage 3 Times change! The day I heard that the Bright Bookstore was closing, I was sad. The bookstore had been in the neighborhood for 50 years, and it was a great place where people could connect through their love of books. When I met old Tim, the store’s owner, he told me it was difficult to run a traditional bookstore. Most young people liked reading e-books better and more people bought books online. Childhood memories came back to me so clearly. A group of us kids often went to the store. We looked at the new books, or just talked with Tim. We spent hours reading there. Tim encouraged us to share our ideas by writing them on a large board. A few months later, I came back and was surprised to see that the Bright Bookstore was still open for business. It was still old, but inside it was like a different world. In an area, a book reading was going on. Nearby, some readers were sharing their ideas on a screen instead of the large board. Some were reading on computers. It even had a coffee shop selling nice food. Clearly, the Bright Bookstore was in good, creative hands. Tim told me that there were more community (社区) events in the coffee shop such as book readings and even concerts and movie nights. The bookstore was turned into a place where the book lovers got together and shared ideas and experiences. “I’m so glad to see that everything I wanted it to offer to the community is still here,” said Tim. No matter how times change, there are always people who love reading. With the development of technology, traditional bookstores should also change in a creative way. 1．What made the writer sad about the old Bright Bookstore? A．No kids read in it. B．It was closing. C．It moved to another place. D．The owner was too old to run it. 2．Why did the writer miss the old bookstore? A．Because he had a good time working there. B．Because the owner often read stories to him. C．Because it brought him back to the good old days. D．Because he and the owner were good friends. 3．How was the bookstore different a few months later? A．The board helped people share ideas easily B．The coffee shop brought people closer together. C．The new look from the outside surprised people. D．Readers could play games on computers. 4．What does the writer want to remind us? A．Reading always has an important part in our life. B．E-books will take the place of paper books. C．Traditional bookstores will disappear in the future. D．The bookstore was a place where the book lovers enjoyed coffee. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文讲述了作者得知常去的Bright Bookstore要关门时感到难过，回忆起童年的美好时光。几个月后作者发现书店在社区的努力和创意改造下重获新生，成为了一个供爱书人交流的社区中心。 【详解】1．根据第一段“The day I heard that the Bright Bookstore was closing, I was sad.”可知，作者因为这家书店即将停业而难过。 2．根据第二段“Childhood memories came back to me so clearly. A group of us kids often went to the store. We looked at the new books, or just talked with Tim. We spent hours reading there.”可知，这家书店承载了作者童年的美好回忆，能让他想起往日美好时光，所以他怀念旧书店。 3．根据第三段“Tim told me that there were more community events in the coffee shop such as book readings and even concerts and movie nights. The bookstore was turned into a place where the book lovers got together and shared ideas and experiences.”可知，新增的咖啡店举办各类社区活动，让爱书的人相聚交流，拉近了人们之间的距离，是书店数月后最大的变化。 4．根据第三段“No matter how times change, there are always people who love reading. With the development of technology, traditional bookstores should also change in a creative way.”可知，作者想告诉我们无论时代如何变化，阅读在人们生活中始终占据重要地位。 话题4 环境保护（共3篇） Passage 1 A new study from Nanjing University found that the dunes (沙丘) in western China’s deserts are moving more slowly now. According to the study, dunes form in places with a lot of sand and little water. They change shape and move depending on how the wind blows. The team studied dunes in western China’s deserts using pictures from 1986 to 2021. Satellites (卫星) took these pictures from the sky. The team found out that the movement speed of dunes has slowed down by 30 percent. In the area with the fastest decline, the speed of dune movement has dropped from about 9 meters each year to 4.5 meters each year. The main reason is that the wind is not as strong, so it carries less sand, noted China Science Daily. This finding supports the idea of “global wind stilling”. It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. As the slower wind takes away less sand, sandstorms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas. However, slower near-ground wind can also make wind power work less well. It might also make it harder for pollution to go away, said researchers from Nanjing University. 1．What causes dunes to move according to the study? A． B． C． D． 2．How did the team study the dunes? A．By visiting the deserts every year. B．By asking local people about the dunes. C．By using satellite pictures from 1986 to 2021. D．By measuring the dunes with special tools on the ground. 3．What is the correct order of the following events? a. Wind speed slows down near the ground. b. The wind carries less sand. c. There are fewer sandstorms. d. Plants grow back in dry areas. A．a-d-c-b B．a-b-c-d C．b-a-d-c D．c-b-a-d 4．What might happen if ground-level wind keeps getting slower? A．Wind power works more easily. B．There will be less air pollution in cities near the desert. C．Stronger typhoons will form more often over the oceans. D．Deserts could gradually become less sandy and greener. 【答案】1`．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南京大学的一项新研究发现：中国西部沙漠的沙丘移动速度正在变慢，核心原因是近地面风力减弱，文章还阐述了该现象带来的有利与不利影响。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段中的“They change shape and move depending on how the wind blows.”可知，沙丘的移动受风的驱动，图片A是刮风的场景，符合文章的描述。 2．根据文章第二段中的“The team studied dunes in western China’s deserts using pictures from 1986 to 2021. Satellites (卫星) took these pictures from the sky.”可知，研究团队借助1986年至2021年的卫星图片开展沙丘研究。 3．根据文章第三段中的“It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. As the slower wind takes away less sand, sandstorms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas.”可知，事件发展顺序为：近地面风速减慢→风携带的沙量减少→沙尘暴发生频次降低→干旱地区植物重新生长，对应“a-b-c-d”的顺序。 4．根据文章第三段中的“As the slower wind takes away less sand, sandstorms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas.”可知，若近地面风持续变慢，沙尘暴减少、植物逐步恢复，沙漠会逐渐沙量减少、变得更绿。 Passage 2 Climate change (气候变化) has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane, increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels (迁徙通道), an expert said. The Siberian crane breeds (繁殖) in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China’s Jiangxi Province. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang. Qian Fawen, a research professor from the National Bird Banding Centre of China, said that Poyang’s water levels decide whether it is suitable for the birds to live there. However, climate change has made the levels change often. “In some years, the lake experiences floods; in others, it experiences droughts. Both of these situations create food shortages in the cranes’ living area,” he said. The Siberian crane is listed as seriously endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. “We need to protect their living area, which is mainly wetland, so that we can protect them,” Qian said. In the recently announced National Action Plan for the Protection of Bird Migration Channels (2021—2035),1,140 places in China were considered as important breeding grounds, wintering grounds and staying stops, including Poyang and the Yellow River wetland in Ningxia. The plan said that the government should watch and count the number of migratory birds and pay farmers for losses caused by the birds. Since China joined the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1992, it has designated(指定)202,600 hectares of wetland as Wetlands of International Importance. They store and clean water, keep all kinds of living things, help store floods and prevent droughts. According to a plan announced by the central government in October, by 2025, China will have protected 55 percent of its wetlands. After the Wetlands Protection Law, the nation’s first law to protect wetlands, was introduced on June 1, 2022, complete protection was strengthened. The law clearly explained what the government should do and introduced strict punishment for people who destroy wetland areas. It limits building at important national wetlands and it doesn’t allow harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing too much. Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation’s wetlands, including some new rare kinds. ________ 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4? A．About 95 percent of the Siberian cranes spend their winter in Poyang Lake. B．Climate change has little influence on the Siberian cranes’ living area in Poyang. C．The Siberian cranes will live in Poyang all year round if the wetland is protected. D．Water levels decide that Poyang Lake isn’t suitable for the Siberian cranes to live in. 2．Which of the following behaviors are right at important wetlands? ①building houses ②making farmlands ③limiting fishing ④leaving wastewater ⑤watching birds A．①③ B．②④ C．③⑤ D．②⑤ 3．What does this passage mainly tell us? A．The problem the Siberian cranes face and the ways people protect wetlands. B．The reason why the Siberian cranes migrate and the place they usually stay in. C．The importance of protecting the Siberian cranes and the result it will lead to. D．The loss of wetlands and the actions that have already been taken to help them. 4．What will the writer probably continue to write in “_________”? A．People have done something to protect wetlands. B．The number of the birds has increased in wetlands C．Experts will go on to do other research on wetlands. D．The government will make more laws to protect wetlands. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化给西伯利亚鹤的生存区域带来警告，以及中国为保护湿地和候鸟迁徙通道所采取的行动计划和法律法规。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang.”可推知大约95%的西伯利亚鹤在鄱阳湖度过冬天，与选项A表述一致。 2．根据文章第5段“the government should watch and count the number of migratory birds”和第7段“It limits building... and it doesn't allow harmful activities, including... fishing too much.”可推知观察鸟类和限制捕鱼是允许的正确行为，即③⑤正确。 3．通读全文可知，文章前半部分阐述了西伯利亚鹤面临的气候变化及生存问题，后半部分介绍了保护湿地的行动计划及法律法规，核心内容为西伯利亚鹤面临的问题及人们保护湿地的方式。 4．根据文章第8段“Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation's wetlands”可推知湿地中的鸟类数量有所增加，后续内容应延续这一话题。 Passage 3 For a long time, New York City has been working to increase its green spaces. Every year, the city plants tens of thousands of trees. These trees provide shade, lower surface temperatures, take in a large amount of carbon from the air, clean out harmful things, and give homes to wildlife. They also make the city more beautiful. However, a new study shows that something may go wrong. Oaks and sweetgums (橡树和糖胶树), which make up most of the city’s trees today, produce large amounts of a chemical called isoprene. Harmless in itself, isoprene quickly reacts with nitrogen oxides—harmful things produced by cars, buildings, and factories—to form ground-level ozone (臭氧)—a major cause of breathing problems. The study, carried out by scientists from the Columbia Climate School and other research centers, found that if the city keeps planting the same kinds of trees as before, isoprene production in Manhattan will increase by about 140% in the future. As a result, summer ozone levels could rise by as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many benefits for us in so many ways,” said Róisín Commane, one of the study’s members, “But if we are not careful, we could worsen air quality.” The city’s Parks Department is not oblivious to this problem. A few years ago, some of its own researchers did a study and found that city trees do release isoprene. “We didn’t talk much about it at the time,” said Novem Auyeung, a senior scientist at the Parks Department. She said people should not see trees as the problem. “We could plant any trees we like if we just change our lifestyle, which depends too much on cars,” she said. “We are not going to cut down big old oak trees,” Auyeung said, “and we will not stop planting new ones either.” She explained, “You need to think about what you would lose if you did that.” Oak trees are very important, she pointed out, because they provide food and cover for many local insects, birds, and other animals. 1．What does the new study suggest about oaks and sweetgums? A．They slow down the growth of other trees. B．They take in less carbon than expectation. C．They can harm human health indirectly. D．They slowly raise the temperature in the city. 2．Based on the study, what might Commane suggest? A．Cutting down the trees that produce isoprene. B．Stopping tree-planting in the coming years. C．Choosing different kinds of trees for new planting. D．Removing isoprene from trees already planted. 3．What does the underlined phrase “not oblivious to” mean in paragraph 5? A．Honest about. B．Aware of. C．Connected to. D．Hopeful about. 4．What might Auyeung support most? A．Using cars less in daily life. B．Giving animals new places to live. C．Doing more research on this problem. D．Controlling how fast the population grows. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约市植树计划虽有益处，但研究发现主流树种释放的化学物质会间接影响空气质量，对此研究人员提出警示，相关部门也给出了回应和建议。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“Harmless in itself, isoprene quickly reacts with nitrogen oxides…to form ground-level ozone—a major cause of breathing problems.”可知，橡树和糖胶树产生的物质会与污染物反应形成臭氧，引发呼吸问题，即间接危害人类健康。 2．根据文章第3段“if the city keeps planting the same kinds of trees as before, isoprene production in Manhattan will increase…”及第4段“But if we are not careful, we could worsen air quality.”可推知，为了避免空气质量变差，Commane可能会建议在新种植时选择不同种类的树木。 3．根据文章第5段“The city’s Parks Department is not oblivious to this problem. A few years ago, some of its own researchers did a study and found that city trees do release isoprene.”可知，公园部门之前做过研究发现了这个问题，说明他们并非“没意识到”，即该短语意为“知道，意识到”。 4．根据文章第5段“We could plant any trees we like if we just change our lifestyle, which depends too much on cars.”可知，她认为应改变过度依赖汽车的生活方式，可推知她最支持日常生活中少用车。 Passage 4 ①Do you know that one-third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it? Students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School know that and they learn to make kitchen waste into something useful. ②In October, students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School visited an exhibition center that showed how to recycle kitchen waste. ③They saw how kitchen waste could be turned into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土壤调理剂),” 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner can help improve the quality of the soil. ④The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming,13, even tried making it himself. ⑤“It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container (容器). Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is helpful in our daily life and it is a wonderful experience.” ⑥Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. “I hope students not only pay attention to the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said. 1．How does the writer lead into his idea in Paragraph 1? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By comparing differences. D．By giving examples. 2．What are the correct steps to make something useful from kitchen waste? a. Take out the solid part.        b. Crush the kitchen waste. c. Collect some kitchen waste.       d. Break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner. A．c-d-a-b B．d-c-b-a C．a-b-c-d D．c-b-a-d 3．From the last paragraph, we know that _________. A．the students can get a lot from the textbook B．going outside is a waste of time C．hands-on learning is a new way of learning D．the teacher thinks hands-on learning is important 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell people how to throw away kitchen waste. B．To show people that kitchen waste is really useless. C．To ask the students in Beijing to learn how to make fertilizer. D．To suggest kitchen waste could be reused to make fertilizer. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this text? A．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ B．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ D．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍北京八中的学生通过参观厨余垃圾回收展览中心、动手实践，学习将厨余垃圾转化为土壤调理剂和液体肥料的相关知识，体现了实践学习的意义，也展现了厨余垃圾可回收再利用的价值。 【详解】1．第①段提到“Do you know that one-third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away…? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice…?”，该段连续使用两个问句引出食物浪费与饥饿的现状，进而引出厨余垃圾可被转化为有用物品的核心话题，作者是通过提问的方式引入观点的。 2．第③段提到“First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush it. After that, they take out the solid part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner”，厨余垃圾变废为宝的流程为：先收集厨余垃圾（c），再粉碎（b），之后取出固体部分（a），最后分解后制成土壤调理剂（d），对应顺序为c-b-a-d。 60．第⑥段提到“Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning”，说明老师认为动手学习十分重要。 3．全文围绕厨余垃圾可被回收转化为土壤调理剂、液体肥料等有用物质展开，作者写作目的是说明厨余垃圾可以被再利用制作肥料，实现价值。 4．第①段通过提问引出厨余垃圾可回收利用的核心话题，为总起段；第②③段介绍学生参观展览中心，了解厨余垃圾制作土壤调理剂的相关内容；第④⑤段介绍学生学习并动手制作液体肥料的过程；第⑥段引用老师的话点明活动的教育意义，整体结构为①/②③/④⑤/⑥。 话题5 个人经历（共3篇） Passage 1 I’m Zhang Lin. I’m 26. I’d like to talk about some changes in my life over the years. When I was little, I lived with my parents. We had meals together every day. Now, I live by myself and sometimes I don’t have time for breakfast. I have to say that it is not healthy. Another big change in my life is the way I shop. In the past, I went shopping at stores, but today I can shop online. I think it is much easier and simpler. I always order fruit and vegetables on phone apps. There are so many choices, and shopping online saves me a lot of time. 1．What did Zhang Lin do when she was little? A．She lived with her parents. B．She lived by herself. C．She shopped online. D．She cooked meals every day. 2．Which of the following statements is an OPINION (观点)? A．Zhang Lin had meals with her parents when she was young. B．Zhang Lin sometimes doesn’t have time for breakfast now. C．Zhang Lin often orders fruit and vegetables on phone apps. D．Zhang Lin’s lifestyle is not very healthy. 3．How does Zhang Lin shop today? A．She goes shopping at stores. B．She shops online. C．Her parents shop for her. D．She never shops. 4．What does Zhang Lin think of shopping online? A．It wastes a lot of time. B．It is difficult. C．It is much easier and simpler. D．It has few choices. 5．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Zhang Lin’s eating habits. B．Changes in Zhang Lin’s life. C．How to shop online. D．Zhang Lin’s parents. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了张林生活中的一些变化，包含起居饮食习惯以及购物方式的改变。 【详解】1．第二段“When I was little, I lived with my parents.”可知，张林小时候和父母住在一起。 2．第二段“I have to say that it is not healthy.”可知张林的生活方式不太健康，是张林个人的主观判断，属于观点；A、B、C均为可验证的客观事实。 3．第三段“In the past, I went shopping at stores, but today I can shop online.”可知，张林现在网上购物。 4．第三段“I think it is much easier and simpler.”可知，张林认为网购更容易更简单。 5．首段即点明主旨：“talk about some changes in my life over the years”，后文从居住、饮食、购物三方面展开，故主旨为“Changes in Zhang Lin’s life”。 Passage 2 Sandra opened her eyes and jumped out of bed. Most days she hated getting up early. But today was different. Sandra was wide awake and excited. Her family were going on a hike (徒步旅行)! This was Sandra’s first hike. After two hours’ driving, Sandra’s family came to the hiking trail (路径). It was a trail that went into the forest. Sandra, her mother, and her brother James began to walk. Butterflies and bees flew over the flowers. James had hiked this trail before. He talked about his last hiking experience. Sandra wanted to talk, but she felt out of breath. The trail was steep. They had been walking up the hill for an hour by then. “I’m tired,” Sandra said. “Come on, Sandra,” said James. “You can do it!” Sandra kept going. If her brother said she could do it, Sandra knew she could. Sandra looked around at the plants to keep her mind off of how tired she felt. There was green everywhere. There were trees that Sandra had never seen before. “Look, Sandra!” her brother called suddenly. They were at a pool at the bottom of a waterfall (瀑布). “Congratulations, Sandra!” said her mother. “You’ve just finished your first hike!” 1．Why did Sandra wake up early today? A．Because she slept early last night. B．Because her parents woke her up. C．Because her family were going on a hike. D．Because she didn’t want to be late for school. 2．How did they get to the hiking trail? A．By bus. B．By car. C．By bike. D．On foot. 3．What does the underlined word “steep” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．陡峭的 B．平坦的 C．宽阔的 D．光滑的 4．How did Sandra keep her mind off of her tiredness? A．By singing songs. B．By playing with a small rabbit. C．By enjoying beautiful sights around her. D．By talking with her mother and brother all the way. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Live and learn. B．Practice makes perfect. C．When there’s a dream, it will come true soon. D．Nothing is impossible if you keep on doing it. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述Sandra第一次参加家庭徒步，虽然很累但坚持走完了全程。 【详解】1．第一段“But today was different. Sandra was wide awake and excited. Her family were going on a hike!”提及Sandra今天格外清醒兴奋，是因为全家要去徒步。 2．第二段“After two hours’ driving, Sandra’s family came to the hiking trail.”提及开了两个小时车之后，一家人到达徒步路径，对应出行方式是开车。 3．第三段“...but she felt out of breath. The trail was steep. They had been walking up the hill for an hour by then.”提及他们已经往山上走了一小时，Sandra累得上气不接下气，能看出山路是陡峭的，“steep”意为“陡峭的”。 4．倒数第二段“Sandra looked around at the plants to keep her mind off of how tired she felt. There was green everywhere.”提及Sandra靠环顾四周的植物，看满眼的绿意来转移注意力，忘掉疲惫，对应选项里的欣赏周围美景。 5．本文讲第一次徒步的Sandra中途喊累，但坚持走完了全程完成了自己的首次徒步，对应“只要坚持去做，没有什么事是不可能的”的道理。 Passage 3 When I first arrived in Qingdao in 2015, I felt both excited and nervous. As a student from Pakistan, everything was new to me. The modern life, historical buildings, and beautiful beaches all amazed me. At first, communication was difficult for me. I could only speak a few basic phrases in Chinese, so I depended on gestures and translation apps (翻译应用程序). However, I felt happy when I successfully ordered food at a noodle shop and made my first Chinese friend who taught me to say “man man lai” take it easy. After getting my master’s degree (硕士学位) at the Ocean University of China, I moved to Wuhan University to continue my studies. Moving to Wuhan was like stepping into a quite different part of China. During my time there, I made friends from around the world and experienced different cultures. Today, I am in Dalian, working at a university. This city’s beautiful beaches make me think of Qingdao, where I first began to understand China. Living in China for nearly ten years has made me experience the country’s rapid development. High-speed trains, QR codes, and e-wallets have all become parts of daily life. I really enjoy my time here. China is not just a country to me. It’s my second home. 1．When first arriving in Qingdao, the writer had difficulty in _________. A．keeping in touch with his family B．finding a place to live C．getting used to local food D．making himself understood 2．What did the writer do after getting his master’s degree? A．He returned to Pakistan. B．He traveled around China. C．He went to study at Wuhan University. D．He started working in a university. 3．How does the writer like his life in China? A．Enjoyable and meaningful. B．Lonely and quiet. C．Busy and exciting. D．Hard and boring. 4．What writing style does the writer use in the passage? A．By space order. B．By time order. C．By cause and effect. D．By listing numbers. 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To discuss the great changes in China. B．To share personal experiences in China. C．To introduce famous universities in China. D．To give advice on living and working in China. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一名巴基斯坦作者分享了自己近十年来在中国从留学到工作的生活经历，表达了他对中国的喜爱，将中国视作自己的第二故乡。 【详解】1．根据第二段“At first, communication was difficult for me. I could only speak a few basic phrases in Chinese, so I depended on gestures...”可知，作者刚到青岛时的核心困难是与他人交流沟通，即无法顺利让别人理解自己的想法。 2．根据第三段“After getting my master’s degree at the Ocean University of China, I moved to Wuhan University to continue with my study.”可知，获得硕士学位后，作者去了武汉大学继续学习。 3．根据最后一段“I really enjoy my time here. China is not just a country to me, it’s my second home.”可知，作者非常享受在中国的时光，并将其视为第二故乡，说明在中国的生活是愉快且有意义的。 4．文章按照2015年初到青岛→在中国海洋大学读书→硕士毕业后赴武大深造→如今在大连工作的顺序推进，明显是按照时间顺序展开叙述的。 5．通读全文可知，文章以第一人称讲述了作者在中国不同城市的学习、生活经历及感受，主要目的是分享他在中国的个人经历。 Passage 4 During the rainy season, Wen’s classroom floor was often covered with water from wet umbrellas. The umbrella stand near the door was narrow, so large umbrellas fell out and blocked the way. For Invention Week, Wen set two goals: keep the floor dry and let students handle umbrellas quickly. His first model used a tall cardboard box with holes cut in the top. It kept umbrellas upright, but water softened the bottom (底部) within a day. For the second model, Wen placed the box inside a plastic tray (托盘). The floor stayed dry, yet students had difficulty finding their own umbrellas because the handles were too close together. Wen then watched how students entered the room. Most wanted to leave quickly, and few would read a number or use a lock. He changed the design into a low round stand with wide spaces around the edge (边缘). Each space had a simple colored shape, so users could remember a red star or a blue circle instead of a number. Water ran through small holes into a removable tray. A three-day test showed another surprise: the round stand took too much space when all the spaces were filled. Wen cut it into two half-circles and placed them against the wall. He also added rubber feet so the stand would not slide (滑动) on the wet floor. This model worked well. At the science show, Wen showed all four models instead of only the final one. Visitors could see how each failure (失败) led to a change in the next idea. His invention reminded visitors that a successful invention is often a record of questions, tests and useful mistakes. 1．Which was one of Wen’s goals at the beginning? A．To make umbrellas dry immediately. B．To use electronic locks. C．To keep the classroom floor dry. D．To win first prize. 2．Why did Wen add a plastic tray? A．To show colored shapes. B．To make the stand taller. C．To hold more umbrellas. D．To collect water. 3．What can we infer from Wen’s observation of students? A．A design must fit users’ actual habits. B．Every invention needs a computer. C．Colored shapes are harder than numbers. D．A tall stand is always safer. 4．What does the underlined part “This model” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The tall cardboard box. B．The two half-circle stands with rubber feet. C．The round stand before testing. D．The original narrow stand. 87．Which statement best summarizes (概括) Wen’s design process? A．He copied an expensive product and made it cheaper. B．He followed visitors’ advice after the science show. C．He improved the stand by testing one problem at a time. D．He chose appearance over practical use. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Wen在发明周期间改进雨伞架的过程，核心对象是雨伞架模型，核心结论是成功的发明源于不断的测试和修正错误，行文探讨了从发现问题到最终完善设计的四个阶段。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“Wen set two goals: keep the floor dry and let students handle umbrellas quickly.”可推知，Wen最初设定的目标之一是保持教室地板干燥。 2．根据文章第2段“For the second model, Wen placed the box inside a plastic tray... The floor stayed dry”可推知，添加塑料托盘是为了接住雨水，防止地板变湿。 3．根据文章第3段“Most wanted to leave quickly, and few would read a number or use a lock. He changed the design...”可推知，设计需要根据用户想要快速离开且不喜用锁的实际习惯进行调整。 4．根据文章第4段“Wen cut it into two half-circles and placed them against the wall. He also added rubber feet... This model worked well.”可推知，“This model”指代前文提到的切成两半并加装橡胶脚垫的支架模型。 5．根据文章第5段“Visitors could see how each failure led to a change in the next idea.”及全文内容可推知，Wen的设计过程是通过不断测试并逐一解决出现的问题来改进支架。 话题6 发明与创造（共3篇） Passage 1 Floating pool The rivers in New York City may not be the most ideal place to swim, but a group of designers is hoping to change that. Their plan? To build a pool in the city’s East River that will serve as a huge filter for the surrounding river water. The pool’s filters will take away bacteria and contaminants (污染物) and will pump over 2273 tons of clean water back into the river every day. The pool will make for a lot of happy and healthy New Yorkers on a hot summer day. Dog water fountain Your dog can sit, run, and play dead, but can it drink from a water fountain? That trick is simple for your pet with the Pawcet, which lets thirsty dogs get a fresh drink whenever they want with the touch of a paw. Just hook up the Pawcet to your garden hose (水管), and all your dog has to do is step on the platform to drink. Now that’s something that’ll really get your dog’s tail wagging. Solar-powered tent Normally you’d be out of luck if your smartphone was dead while you were camping—but this time you’re sleeping in a Bang Bang solar-powered tent: The brightly colored four-person tent comes with a solar panel that takes in sunlight all day. This creates enough energy to charge the battery (电池) bank inside the tent. All you have to do is connect your gadget (装置) to the battery bank. Now you’ll always have plenty of juice in your phone to have that dance party under the stars. 1．What can’t the floating pool do? A．Treat people’s illnesses. B．Take away bacteria from the river. C．Provide people with a place to swim during the heat of summer. 2．What does the pet dog have to do to drink water? A．Wag its tail. B．Step on the platform. C．Turn on the garden hoses. 3．Which blank can be filled with the underlined word “juice” in the passage? A．I’m thirsty, so I’m going to buy some orange _______ from the shop. B．My electric car has no _______ to start, so I might be late. C．The steak looks dry, it needs more _______ to make it taste better. 4．Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? A．The floating pool provides clean drinking water for the city. B．The dog fountain gets its water from a garden hose. C．The solar-powered tent must be brightly colored to work properly. 5．What can be the title shared by the three passages? A．Technology Makes Life Better B．Problems and Solutions in Big Cities C．Great Ways to Protect Nature 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了漂浮泳池、狗狗饮水器、太阳能帐篷三项创意发明的功能与作用，体现了科技产品对日常生活的改善作用。 【详解】1．原文第一段“The pool’s filters will take away bacteria and contaminants and will pump over 2273tons of clean water back into the river every day. The pool will make for a lot of happy and healthy New Yorkers on a hot summer day.”，文中没有提到漂浮泳池可以治疗疾病。 2．原文第二段“Just hook up the Pawcet to your garden hose, and all your dog has to do is step on the platform to drink.”，说明狗狗只需要踩在平台上就能喝水。 3．原文Solar-powered tent部分“This creates enough energy to charge the battery bank inside the tent. All you have to do is connect your gadget to the battery bank.”可知，太阳能帐篷可以产生电能给电子设备充电，因此文中的juice表示“电能、电量”；B选项“My electric car has no ____ to start”指电车没有电量启动，符合词义。 4．原文第二段“Just hook up the Pawcet to your garden hose, and all your dog has to do is step on the platform to drink.”，说明狗狗饮水器的水源来自花园水管。 5．通读全文可知，三项发明都属于科技类实用产品，都能让生活更便利舒适，“Technology Makes Life Better”能够涵盖三篇短文的共同主题，适合作为共同标题。 Passage 2 Linda always dreamed of having many great toys, but buying them was almost impossible. One afternoon, exploring behind her apartment building, Linda discovered something wonderful. An elderly woman was creating beautiful playthings using thrown-away materials and natural objects. She built a tower from parts of cardboard boxes, and a tiny house with sticks, leaves, and stones. “How do you make such wonderful toys without buying anything?” Linda asked. “The best toys aren’t bought in stores,” the woman smiled warmly. “They’re created with your own hands and imagination. Even everything that people throw away can become something magical. You just need a little creativity.” Inspired, Linda began trying out some ideas at home. She found treasures everywhere. A shoe box became a toy theater. Old socks turned into materials for fashion dolls and old magazines became their clothes. Plastic bottles were used to build rocket ships. Soon, Linda’s bedroom became a world of wonder. Each creation taught her something about design, engineering, and storytelling. One day, Linda went to see her teacher, Mr. Thompson, with an idea. “What if we have a toy-making workshop where students can make their own toys for show-and-tell?” Mr. Thompson was uncertain. Linda then presented the toys she had made, showing him how well-designed and interesting they were. Surprised by her creativity, Mr. Thompson decided to have an activity named “Invention and Innovation (创新) Week” to encourage students to make and show their creative works. Linda was excited and began to teach other students her toy-making skills. During the week, something magical happened. The handmade toys fired everyone’s imagination in ways store toys never could, inspiring stories, games and plays. Some teachers even started to include creative toy-making in their lessons. A local newspaper reported on these young inventors. Other schools wanted to follow their creative practice. The big success of the activity filled Linda with pride. She realized creativity can also be about finding possibilities in seemingly useless materials. 1．How did Linda feel when she saw the elderly woman making playthings? A．Warm. B．Satisfied. C．Proud. D．Amazed. 2．What can we infer from the sentence “Linda’s bedroom became a world of wonder”? A．She made many fantastic handmade works. B．She turned her bedroom into a special toy shop. C．She decorated her bedroom wonderfully. D．She put up colorful posters of places of interest. 3．What happened after Linda put forward her idea to Mr. Thompson? A．A toy-making workshop was open for students to sell toys. B．Some teachers added toy-making to their class lessons. C．A newspaper invited Linda to share her toy-making skills. D．Some other nearby schools held similar activities. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Magic of Waste Materials. B．Value of Handmade Toys. C．Power of Hidden Creativity. D．Joy of Outdoor Discovery. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Linda受老妇人用废弃材料做玩具的启发，发挥创意制作手工玩具，并在学校发起“发明与创新周”活动的故事，展现了创造力将无用材料变神奇并激发他人想象的力量。 【详解】1．根据文章第三段中Linda询问老妇人“How do you make such wonderful toys without buying anything?”可知，Linda对老妇人不用买东西就能做出好玩具这件事感到惊讶。 2．根据文章第五段“A shoe box became a toy theater. Old socks turned into materials for fashion dolls and old magazines became their clothes. Plastic bottles were used to build rocket ships.”以及“Linda’s bedroom became a world of wonder”可知，Linda用各种废弃材料制作了许多奇妙的手工作品，使得卧室充满了这些奇妙的创作。 3．根据文章倒数第二段“Some teachers even started to include creative toy-making in their lessons.”可知，在Linda向Thompson老师提出想法后，一些老师把玩具制作加入了课堂。 4．文章围绕Linda发现废弃材料的创意价值，进而激发自身及他人的创造力展开，“Power of Hidden Creativity”能很好地概括文章主旨。 Passage 3 Have you ever walked in the dark? Can you imagine walking with your eyes closed? This is the real experience for blind people. Things like blind sidewalks (盲道) being used by cars or bikes happen sometimes. The travel of the blind is still a big problem. Luckily, an Austrian company has developed a useful travel tool for the blind—smart navigation (导航) shoes. They can help blind people walk safely. The shoes have a camera and they can send information in the front. This system can feel objects four meters away. If the wearer is in a dangerous situation, they will warn him or her by shaking and making a warning sound. In this way, the blind can avoid the danger and go to the place they want without worrying about blind sidewalks. With a special battery (电池), this kind of shoes can be used up to one week. The battery can be fully charged (给……充电) in just three hours with a USB． In the future, this company will work on creating better shoes. They’ll use AI technology to not only find objects on the sidewalks, but also tell wearers what the objects are. For example, ________. “We believe that technology can have a big influence on humans. If the shoes can be sold to the blind or people who cannot see anything clearly, their life will change a lot,” the leader of this company said. 1．The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________. A．telling stories B．asking questions C．listing numbers D．explaining differences 2．According to the passage, the smart navigation shoes can do the following things EXCEPT ________ A．make a warning sound B．warn people by shaking C．be used up to half a month D．feel objects four meters away 3．Which of the following sentences can be put in ________? A．the blind people can go out without the help of guide dogs B．the shoes might tell you how to avoid the objects on the road C．the shoes might tell you if there’s a car or a wall in front of you D．the blind people needn’t worry about getting lost when going out 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文，围绕奥地利公司研发的智能导航鞋展开，介绍了该鞋的功能、续航等产品特性，同时说明了其未来发展方向与对盲人群体出行的积极意义。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“Have you ever walked in the dark? Can you imagine walking with your eyes closed?”可知，作者以提问的方式引出本文的话题。 2．根据文章第三段“With a special battery, this kind of shoes can be used up to one week.”可知，这款鞋的续航时间为一周，不具备使用半个月的特点。 3．根据文章第四段“They’ll use AI technology to not only find objects on the sidewalks, but also tell wearers what the objects are.”可知，空缺处是对“告知使用者前方物体是什么”这一功能的举例说明。 4．根据文章第一段“Luckily, an Austrian company has developed a useful travel tool for the blind—smart navigation shoes.”、第二段“The shoes have a camera and they can send information in the front.”、第三段“With a special battery, this kind of shoes can be used up to one week.”、第四段“In the future, this company will work on creating better shoes.”、第五段“We believe that technology can have a big influence on humans.”可知，全文分为引入、产品介绍、未来展望三部分，对应选项D的结构。 话题7 科普知识（共3篇） Passage 1 The Steam Engine (蒸汽机）: Changing Our World The steam engine was one of the most important inventions in history. It started the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) and changed how people lived and worked. The story of steam power began long ago. About 2,000 years ago, a Greek inventor named Heron made a simple steam machine. But it was only used as a toy. For many years, nobody used steam for real work. This changed in the 17th century. Mines (矿井) often filled with water, stopping workers from getting coal. In 1698, an Englishman, Thomas Savery, built the first steam machine to take out water from mines. Later, a better and safer steam engine was made by Thomas Newcomen. However, it was still not efficient enough as it wasted a lot of energy. The biggest improvement came from James Watt. In the 1760s, he found a way to make steam engines work much better and use less energy. What’s more, his improved engine could power many kinds of machines. Soon, steam engines were used in factories, trains, and ships. They helped create the modern world. The steam engine’s story can help us think about today’s technology, like computers and data (数据). Just as the steam engine improved slowly over time, today’s “data revolution” is also happening step by step. Early steam engines were only useful near coal mines, where coal was cheap. Similarly, today we mostly use data from our phones and computers in simple ways. The real change came when steam engines became good enough to work anywhere. The same may happen with data. When we learn to use data in smarter ways in the real world, not just on screens, we might see amazing new changes. Like the inventors who made better steam engines, we need to think creatively to find these new possibilities. The steam engine changed the world in the past, and its story can help us prepare for the changes coming in our future. 1．The correct order of the events of the development of the steam engine is ________. a. James Watt improved steam engines the most. b. A Greek inventor made a steam toy. c. Thomas Savery built the first steam machine. d. Steam engines were widely used in factories, trains and ships. e. Thomas Newcomen made a safer steam engine. A．b-c-e-a-d B．c-b-e-a-d C．b-e-c-a-d D．c-e-b-a-d 2．What does the underlined word “efficient” mean? A．Being easy to carry and use. B．Doing jobs well without wasting time or energy. C．Dealing with problems quickly. D．Being popular in many countries. 3．From the text, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．steam engines were popular from the beginning B．important inventions often develop all of a sudden C．the real change may not come until we can use data in the real world D．the new technology of data has completely changed the world so far 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce how to build a steam engine. B．To compare different kinds of steam engines. C．To explain why steam engines are no longer useful. D．To tell how the steam engine was developed and what it reminds us now. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蒸汽机的发展历史，从早期的玩具到工业革命的关键发明，并结合现代数据技术探讨了其带来的启示，旨在通过历史经验帮助人们准备未来的技术变革。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段“About 2,000 years ago, a Greek inventor named Heron made a simple steam machine.”可知b最早；根据第三段“In 1698, an Englishman, Thomas Savery, built the first steam machine... Later, a better and safer steam engine was made by Thomas Newcomen.”可知顺序为c然后e；根据第四段“The biggest improvement came from James Watt. In the 1760s... Soon, steam engines were soon used in factories, trains, and ships.”可知顺序为a然后d。综合时间线为b-c-e-a-d。 2．根据文章第三段“However, it was still not efficient enough as it wasted a lot of energy.”可知，efficient的反面是浪费能量，因此efficient意味着不浪费能量且工作效果好，与“Doing jobs well without wasting time or energy”含义一致。 3．根据文章第六段“When we learn to use data in smarter ways in the real world, not just on screens, we might see amazing new changes.”可知，真正的变革发生在我们将数据更聪明地应用于现实世界时，与选项C表述相符。 4．根据文章标题“The Steam Engine: Changing Our World”及最后一段“The steam engine changed the world in the past, and its story can help us prepare for the changes coming in our future.”可知，文章不仅介绍了蒸汽机的发展历程，更旨在通过其故事为未来技术变革提供启示，目的是展示发展过程及从中获得的借鉴。 Passage 2 Glasses are very useful for many people, helping them see clearly. But their history is quite interesting. Let’s explore it. The earliest glasses were invented in Italy around the 13th century. At first, they were only used by scholars and rich people because they were very expensive. These early glasses didn’t have temples (the parts that go over the ears); people had to hold them in front of their eyes or put them on their noses. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin invented bifocal glasses. They have two parts: one for seeing far and one for seeing near, which was a great help for people with both nearsightedness and farsightedness. Later, in the 20th century, plastic lenses were invented, making glasses lighter and more comfortable. Now, glasses are not only a tool for vision correction but also a fashion accessory. There are many styles, colors, and materials. Some people even wear non-prescription glasses just for their appearance. 1．When were the earliest glasses invented? A．In the 12th century B．In the 13th century C．In the 14th century 2．Why were early glasses only used by scholars and rich people? A．Because they were hard to make. B．Because they were too expensive. C．Because they were not useful. 3．What did Benjamin Franklin invent? A．Plastic lenses. B．Temple-less glasses. C．Bifocal glasses. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about modern glasses? A．They are only used for vision correction. B．Plastic lenses make them heavier. C．Some people wear them as fashion accessories. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了眼镜的发展历史，包括最早发明的时间、早期使用人群、本杰明·富兰克林的发明以及现代眼镜的功能与时尚用途。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段“The earliest glasses were invented in Italy around the 13th century.”可知，最早的眼镜是在13世纪左右发明的。 2．根据文章第二段“At first, they were only used by scholars and rich people because they were very expensive.”可知，早期眼镜仅供学者和富人使用是因为价格非常昂贵。 3．根据文章第三段“In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin invented bifocal glasses.”可知，本杰明·富兰克林发明了双光眼镜。 4．根据文章第四段“Now, glasses are not only a tool for vision correction but also a fashion accessory.”可知，现代眼镜不仅用于矫正视力，有些人也将其作为时尚配饰佩戴。 话题8 中华文化（共3篇） Passage 1 The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom of Qin (秦国), improved the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to report the situation to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting (狩猎), Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on horseback. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail (痕迹) on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” On arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too oily to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in the stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush pen worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water in the stone hole had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens at school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 1．Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because he didn’t have silk to write on. D．Because the pen brought him much trouble. 2．Which is the right order of improving the brush pen? a. The brush pen could write well.     b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick. c. The special water washed the oil away. d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole. A．b-d-a-c B．d-b-a-c C．b-d-c-a D．c-d-b-a 3．How can students understand Chinese culture better? A．By learning to use brush pens. B．By playing a role. C．By planting more bamboo. D．By inventing things. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文讲述了秦国将军蒙恬改进毛笔的历史故事，包括灵感来源、尝试过程、最终成功以及毛笔对中国文化的影响。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知，蒙恬想要改进笔的原因是当时的笔太硬且给他带来了很多麻烦。 2．根据文章第4段“On arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it.”和“Meng was so disappointed that he threw away his ‘invention’ into a stone hole in the yard.”，第5段“It turned out that the special water in the stone hole had cleaned the oil from the hair.”和“The brush pen worked beautifully on silk.”可知，蒙恬改进笔时先是把兔子的毛绑在棍子上，发现不好用，气得他把棍子扔到了一个石头洞里，结果特殊的水把油冲走了后，毛笔很好写了，应选b-d-c-a。 3．根据文章第6段“Today, students are taught to use the brush pens at school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture.”可知，学生通过学习使用毛笔能够更好地理解中国文化。 Passage 2 Dig deep into culture Understand ancient Chinese texts better with the help of Xunzi language model 首个古籍大语言模型“荀子”发布 Thousands of years ago, text (文本) appeared on animal bones and bamboo before they were written on paper. Now ancient Chinese texts have a “new container (容器)” in the modern age. Recently, a research team from Nanjing Agricultural University together with Gulian, a leading ancient Chinese text publisher, introduced a large language model called Xunzi. “Traditional Chinese characters and the absence (缺失) of punctuation marks (标点符号) are always making reading traditional texts hard,” said Wang Dongbo, who led the research, explaining why they made the large language model.   To create this model, Wang and his partners did a lot of research on Chinese classics like Siku Quanshu (《四库全书》) or the Complete Library in Four Sections. “We had to work on two billion (二十亿) Chinese characters and our work gave us a good start,” said Wang. However, it is no easy job. Wang said they need to learn these classics first and then mark the characters into different categories (分类), like adjectives (形容词) and nouns (名词), which are put into the model. But their effort seems to be paying off. Now, the model can help users understand and analyze (分析) ancient Chinese texts. For example, when users type “shangu” into the chat box, they may not only get the information that “shangu” means “valley” but also learn that it could be a person’s courtesy name (字) in ancient Chinese texts.   “The model can help us learn more information hidden in our cultural legacy (文化遗产) and find unnoticed (未被注意到的) connections,” said Wang. Wu Zidan contributed to the story Xunzi  IC Why is the language model called Xunzi? It was named after Xunzi because he was not only a famous philosopher (哲学家) of Confucianism (儒家思想) during the late Warring States Period (战国时期, 475-221 BC ), but he is also believed to be one of the founders (创始人) of linguistics (语言学) in ancient China. Sharing texts with the world Wang Dongbo and his team not only let Chinese people know ancient Chinese texts but also share them with the world. They share the large language model on websites like GitHub, allowing users to download and use it for free. “Our team has been sharing the philosophy of making the data and model with the world so that more people will learn about traditional Chinese culture,” said Wang. Choose the answer: 1．Wang Dongbo and his team made the large language model to ________. A．figure out the ancient punctuation marks B．collect all traditional Chinese characters C．make reading traditional texts easier D．do research on Chinese classics 2．Creating this large language model is ________. A．difficult B．meaningless C．simple D．quick 3．The example in Paragraph 6 shows ________. A．what the model can do B．why the model was created C．what people think about the model D．what disadvantages the model has 4．According to Wang, the new model can help us ________. A．spread Chinese traditional culture B．learn ancient people’s lives in the right way C．learn the ideas of Xunzi better D．better understand our own culture 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了首个古籍大语言模型“荀子”的研发背景、制作过程、功能作用以及团队共享模型的初衷，旨在帮助人们更好地理解和分析中国古代文本，传承文化遗产。 【详解】1．根据文章第3段“‘Traditional Chinese characters and the absence of punctuation marks are always making reading traditional texts hard,’ said Wang Dongbo... explaining why they made the large language model.”可知，研发模型是为了解决阅读传统文本难的问题，即让阅读传统文本变得更容易。 2．根据文章第5段“However, it is no easy job.”可知，创建这个大语言模型并不是一件容易的工作，即困难的。 3．根据文章第6段“Now, the model can help users understand and analyze ancient Chinese texts. For example...”可知，举例是为了具体说明模型能够帮助用户理解和分析文本的功能，即模型能做什么。 4．根据文章第7段“The model can help us learn more information hidden in our cultural legacy...”可知，模型能帮助人们学习文化遗产中隐藏的信息，即帮助我们更好地理解自己的文化。 Passage 3 A long time ago in ancient China, people didn’t have a good way to stay dry when it rained. On rainy days, they had to run and hide under trees or wait in pavilions (凉亭). It was hard to travel or do anything outdoors in bad weather. One day, a smart and kind inventor named Luban was walking outside when dark clouds appeared. Soon, heavy rain poured from the sky. Luban quickly ran to a pavilion for cover. As he stood there watching the rain, he noticed something interesting: a little boy running by, holding a big lotus leaf over his head like a roof. The boy was using the lotus leaf to block the rain. It wasn’t perfect, but it worked for a while. Luban smiled and thought, “That’s clever. The leaf acts like a small roof. Maybe I can make something better so that people can carry it with them.” After going home, Luban began working on an idea. He made a light frame (骨架) out of sticks and covered it with oilcloth to stop the rain. It looked like a small, round roof on a stick—the first umbrella. When Luban’s wife, Yun, saw it, she liked it but said, “It’s smart, but it would be even better if it could open and close.” Luban agreed. So together, they improved the design by adding a folding (折叠) frame. Now the umbrella could be easily carried and used anytime. Thanks to the boy with the lotus leaf, Luban got inspired. And with Yun’s help, the umbrella was born—a clever tool that helps people stay dry and happy, even on the rainiest days. 1．What problem did people in ancient China face on rainy days? A．They couldn’t stay dry outside. B．They liked to dance in the rain. C．They used umbrellas made of glass. D．They only went swimming when it rained. 2．What gave Luban an idea for the umbrella? A．A bird flying with dry wings. B．A boy using a lotus leaf to block the rain. C．A man carrying a wooden door. D．A leaf floating in a pond. 3．What was Luban’s first umbrella made of? A．Sticks and oilcloth. B．Iron and silk. C．Bamboo and paper. D．Plastic and rubber. 4．What suggestion did Luban’s wife make? A．Paint it red to look nicer. B．Make it big enough to cover a house. C．Add a folding frame so it can open and close. D．Tie it to your head with string. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain how rain impacted people’s lives in ancient China. B．To tell a story about Luban and his wife. C．To discuss the uses of lotus leaves in history. D．To explain how the umbrella was invented and improved. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文讲述了中国古代发明家鲁班受头顶荷叶挡雨的小男孩启发制作出第一把雨伞，后在妻子云氏的建议下改进出可折叠雨伞的故事，介绍了雨伞的发明与改进过程。 【详解】1．根据第一段“A long time ago in ancient China, people didn’t have a good way to stay dry when it rained.”可知，古代中国的人们在雨天无法在户外保持干燥，这是他们面临的问题。 2．根据第二段“a little boy running by, holding a big lotus leaf over his head like a roof”可知，男孩用荷叶挡雨的场景给了鲁班发明雨伞的灵感。 3．根据第四段“He made a light frame out of sticks and covered it with oilcloth to stop the rain.”可知，鲁班的第一把雨伞由木棍和油布制成。 4．根据第五段“It’s smart, but it would be even better if it could open and close.”可知，鲁班的妻子提出了给雨伞增加可开合的折叠结构的建议。 5．全文围绕雨伞的发明缘由、初代雨伞的制作，以及雨伞的改进过程展开，核心目的是介绍雨伞是如何被发明和改进的。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $