内容正文:
Units 1~3 重点单词短语句型&易错点&写作素材范文
Unit 1 The Changing World
核心单词及变形
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1. leisure (n.) 休闲活动;空闲,闲暇
→ leisurely (adj./adv.) 悠闲的;悠闲地
2. treatment (n.) 治疗;疗法;诊治
→ treat (v.) 治疗;对待;款待
3. achievement (n.) 成就;功绩
→ achieve (v.) 实现;取得;完成
→ achievable (adj.) 可实现的
4. international (adj.) 国际的
→ nation (n.) 国家;民族
→ national (adj.) 国家的;民族的
→ internationally (adv.) 在国际上
5. narrow (adj.) 狭窄的
→ narrow (v.) (使)变窄
→ narrowly (adv.) 勉强地;狭窄地
→ narrowness (n.) 狭窄
6. block (n.) 街区;大楼 v. 堵塞,阻挡
→ blocked (adj.) 堵塞的
→ blockage (n.) 堵塞物;阻塞
7. improvement (n.) 改善;改进
→ improve (v.) 改善;提高
→ improved (adj.) 改进的
→ improving (adj.) 改良中的
8. pleasure (n.) 高兴;快乐;愉快
→ please (v.) 使高兴;取悦
→ pleased (adj.) 感到高兴的
→ pleasant (adj.) 令人愉快的
9. conclusion (n.) 结论,推论
→ conclude (v.) 推断;结束
→ conclusive (adj.) 决定性的;确凿的
10. amusement (n.) 娱乐活动;游戏
→ amuse (v.) 使发笑;使娱乐
→ amused (adj.) 感到好笑的
→ amusing (adj.) 有趣的,引人发笑的
11. agreement (n.) 协议;协定;同意;一致
→ agree (v.) 同意;赞成
→ disagree (v.) 不同意
→ agreeable (adj.) 宜人的;赞同的
12. pollute (v.) 污染
→ pollution (n.) 污染
→ polluted (adj.) 被污染的
→ polluter (n.) 污染者
13. childhood (n.) 童年;幼年;孩童时期
→ child (n.) 孩子
→ children (pl.) 孩子们
→ childish (adj.) 幼稚的;孩子气的
14. excite (v.) 使激动;使兴奋
→ excited (adj.) 感到兴奋的
→ exciting (adj.) 令人兴奋的
→ excitement (n.) 兴奋;激动
15. happiness (n.) 快乐;高兴
→ happy (adj.) 开心的
→ happily (adv.) 开心地
→ unhappy (adj.) 不开心的
16. remain (v.) 仍然是;保持不变;剩余
→ remaining (adj.) 剩余的
→ remains (n.) 剩余物;遗迹
17. comfort (n.) 安慰;慰藉;舒服 v. 安慰;宽慰
→ comfortable (adj.) 舒适的
→ comfortably (adv.) 舒适地
→ uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的
18. recently (adv.) 不久前,最近
→ recent (adj.) 最近的
19. familiar (adj.) 熟悉的;常见到的
→ familiarity (n.) 熟悉;通晓
→ unfamiliar (adj.) 不熟悉的
20. entertainment (n.) 娱乐活动;娱乐
→ entertain (v.) 使娱乐;招待
→ entertaining (adj.) 有趣的;令人愉快的
21. complete (v.) 完成,结束 adj. 完整的
→ completely (adv.) 完全地
→ completion (n.) 完成;竣工
22. probably (adv.) 几乎肯定;很可能
→ probable (adj.) 很可能的
→ probability (n.) 可能性
23. false (adj.) 错误的;不真实的
→ falsely (adv.) 错误地
→ falseness (n.) 虚假
重点短语
1. living conditions 生活条件
2. leisure activities 休闲活动
3. medical treatment 医疗
4. used to do 过去常常
5. for free 免费的
6. in the past 在过去
7. get in touch 与… 取得联系
8. change about 关于… 产生变化
9. living in the countryside 住在乡下
10. take place 发生;进行
11. move here 搬到这里
12. by the way 顺便问一下
13. get used to doing sth 习惯于做…
14. be happy to 高兴做…
15. get around 四处走动;逛一逛
16. be busy with 忙于…
17. sports center 体育中心
18. grow up 长大成人
19. play hide and seek 玩捉迷藏
20. watch open-air movies 看露天电影
21. listen to the radio 听广播
22. play chess or cards 下棋或打牌
23. surf the internet 上网
24. have fun 玩得开心
25. talk about 谈论
26. live with parents 和父母同住
27. have meals 吃饭
28. live by oneself 独自居住
29. have time for breakfast 有时间吃早饭
30. have to say that 不得不说
31. go shopping at stores 去实体店购物
32. shop online 网上购物
33. take place 发生
34. take online courses 上网课
35. high-speed trains 高铁
36. health care 医疗;医疗卫生
37. make great progress 取得巨大进步
38. since its opening-up 自改革开放以来
39. the world's second largest economy
世界第二大经济体
40. send……into… 将… 送入…
41. play a more and more important role in 在… 中发挥越来越重要的作用
42. keep world peace 维护世界和平
43. fight against 与… 做斗争
44. natural disasters 自然灾害
45. take…as an example 以… 为例
46. for a long time 很长时间
47. be crowded into 挤进…
48. stay at home 待在家
49. leisure activities 休闲活动
50. blocks of modern apartments 成片现代化公寓
51. underground lines 地铁线路
52. chat with sb 和某人聊天
53. enjoy oneself 玩得开心
54. at that time 在那时
55. in any case 无论如何
56. keep up with 跟上;与时俱进
57. a group of 一片;一组;一群
58. a set of 一套…
59. in today's world 在当今的世界
60. spend one's free time 闲暇时间
61. with the improvement of 随着… 的改善
62. make great achievements in
在某方面取得巨大成就
63. build a sports center 建立一个体育中心
64. shut down 关闭
65. change into 变成
66. remind sb of 使某人想起…
67. a couple of days 好几天
68. come back from 从某处返回
69. take place 指有计划、有安排的发生
70. feel like doing sth 想要做..
71. hold a place in one's heart 留在某人的心底
72. face challenges 面对挑战
73. no longer 不再
74. feel familiar 感到熟悉
75. all over the world 遍及全世界
76. open-air movies 露天电影
77. play Chinese chess下象棋
78. in one's daily life 在某人的日常生活中
79. be different from与… 不同
80. model plane club 航模社团
81. used to do sth 过去常常做…
82. as society develops 随着社会发展
83. watch movies outdoors 看露天电影
84. of all ages 各个年龄段
85. consider sth unforgettable 觉得某事令人难忘
86. hang out 闲逛
87. have picnics 野餐
88. row boats 划船
89. have more choices for 有更多选择…
90. afford to do sth 支付得起.....
91. far away from 远离
92. on weekends 在周末
93. go on road trips 自驾游
94. in one's own cars 开私家车
95. go abroad 出国
96. keep on doing sth 持续做某事
97. be famous for 因… 而闻名
98. stand on 站在… 上面
99. watch the sunrise 看日出
100. walk down 沿着… 走;顺着… 走
101. no matter what 无论什么
102. care about 关心;在乎
103. high-speed railway 高速铁路
104. along the journey 沿途;旅途途中
105. communicate with each other 互相交流,沟通
106. the information era 信息时代
107. have a whole conversation with
和某人完整交谈一番
108. kind of 有点
109. send a message 发消息;传递信息
110. share thoughts and feelings 分享想法与感受
111. connect with 与… 联系;和… 沟通
112. in many different ways 通过多种不同方式
113. even worse 更糟糕的是
114. receive false information 接收虚假信息
115. instead of 代替;而不是
必背句型
1.Public transportation used to be slow and difficult, but now it's fast and easy.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦,但现在又快又方便。
2.In the past, few children had the chance to receive education, but now all children can go to school for free.过去,很少有孩子有机会接受教育,但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。
3.Leisure activities in the past were simple and people had few choices, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单,人们的选择也很少,但现在,这些活动变得丰富多彩了。
4.What was communication like in the past? 过去的通信方式是什么样的?
→ It was slow and difficult, and people could only write letters or make phone calls.又慢又困难,人们只能写信或打电话。
5.What has changed about communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化?
→We can get in touch so easily through modern communication. 通过现代通信,我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。
6.When did you move here?你什么时候搬到这儿的?→Three months ago.三个月前。
7.It's very easy to go there by bus now.现在坐公交车去那儿很方便。
8.By the way, have you got used to the life in the city?顺便问一下,你习惯这座城市的生活了吗?
9.Have you got around in the city?你在城里四处逛过吗?
→Not yet. I have been busy with my studies.还没有,我一直忙着学习。
10.How about going swimming together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样?
→Sounds great.听起来很棒。
11.I often played hide and seek with my friends.我以前经常和朋友们玩捉迷藏。
12.I also watched open-air movies, listened to the radio and played chess or cards.
我还看过露天电影,听过收音机,下过棋或打过牌。
13.In the past, I went shopping at stores, but today I can shop online.
过去,我都是去实体店购物,但现在我可以在网上买东西了。
14.Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
15.China has made great progress in education, transportation and medical care.中国在教育、交通和医疗保健方面取得了长足进步。
16.China is playing a more and more important role in international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and fighting against natural disasters.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用,例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。
17.I have lived in Beijing for a long time,so I can feel how greatly life has changed in this city.
我在北京生活了很长时间,所以我能深切感受到这座城市生活发生了多么巨大的变化。
18. In the past, big families were crowed into small houses.
过去,大家庭都挤在狭小的房子里。
19.People can chat with each other or enjoy themselves on their smartphones.
人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。
20.In any case,we should keep up with the changing world.无论如何,我们都应该跟上这个不断变化的世界。
21.People used to go to work by bike or by bus.人们过去常骑自行车或乘公交车上班。
22.Now people can spend their free time in the new amusement park near their community.
现在人们可以在社区附近的新游乐园里度过他们的空闲时间。
23.With the improvement of the environment,people now lead a better life than before.
随着环境的改善,人们现在过着比以前更好的生活。
24.In recent years,China has made great achievements in science and technology.
近年来,中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大成就。
25.I haven't seen you for a couple of days. 我有好几天没见到你了。
26.Where have you been?你去哪儿了?
→I have just come back from my hometown.我刚从我的家乡回来。
27.By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya recently?顺便问一下,你最近见过小雅吗?
→No, she has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.没有,她和她的父母一起去广州了。
28.My leisure activities are different from my father's.我的休闲活动与我父亲的不同。
29.Now, I'm in a model plane club.现在,我在一个模型飞机俱乐部里。
30.He used to read newspapers and paper books.他过去常常读报纸和纸质书。
31.In the past,watching movies outdoors was a popular and exciting leisure activity for people of all ages.在过去,户外看电影是一项老少皆宜的、受欢迎且令人兴奋的休闲活动。
32.Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.
大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。
33.Many of them loved to go to the parks.他们中许多人喜欢去公园。
34.Now,people have more choices for leisure activities.如今,人们有了更多的休闲活动选择。
35.Many people can afford to travel to many different places far away from their homes.
许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。
36.On weekends,families can go on road trips in their own cars.
在周末,家庭可以开着自己的车去公路旅行。
37.But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same.
但无论我们说什么语言,我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。
38.The high-speed railway shows how much china has developed since its opening-up.
高铁展现了中国自改革开放以来取得了多大的发展。
39.How do people communicate with each other in the information era?
在信息时代,人们如何相互交流?
40.With them,we can share our thoughts and feelings without saying what we mean.
有了它们,我们可以不用说出字面意思就能分享彼此的想法和感受。
单元易错点归纳
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1、change (动词 & 名词,双词性高频词)
(1)change作动词,意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”,change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如:
That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。
I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。
(2) change是行为动词,通常用副词修饰。例如:
You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来,你改变了许多。
Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。
(3)change作名词,意为“变化,改变”。例如:
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。
(4)表示“零钱、找头”,是不可数名词。例如:
When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时,不要忘记找给你的钱。
I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。
名词固定搭配
1. for a change 换换口味;换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革
2.used to
used to 意为“过去常常”,表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不再发生或不存在,侧重于过去与现在的对比。
【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth.
辨析
意义及用法
used to do sth.
意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”,to 为不定式符号,后接动词原形,只用于过去时态。
be used to (doing) sth.
意为“习惯于(做)某事”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
be used to do sth.
意为“被用来做某事”,是被动语态,不定式表示目的。
3.【妙辨异同】accept/receive
辨析
意义及用法
图解助记
accept
意为“接受”,指主观上愿意接受,如idea, praise等。
receive
意为“收到;接收”,指客观上收到,如gift, letter等,但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。
【注意】
receive还可表示“接见;接待”。
I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。
4.choose
【精讲】choose*
choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: chose
1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容)
choose from ... 从...中选择(有范围)
choose to do sth. 选择去做某事
choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为...
2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西
have no choice 没有选择的余地
make a choice 做出选择
*3.can't choose but do sth
= have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择,只好...
5.get in touch
短语
含义
使用场景
get in touch with sb
主动去联络、建立联系
很久没见、有事找对方
stay in touch (with sb)
保持联系
日常持续往来
keep in touch (with sb)
保持联系(和 stay 通用)
写信、微信经常沟通
lose touch (with sb)
失去联系
断联,很久不往来
例句对比:
1. Please get in touch with me if you need help.需要帮忙就联系我。
2. We still stay in touch after graduation.毕业后我们依旧保持联系。
3. I lost touch with my primary classmates.我和小学同学失去联系了。
高频拓展搭配
1. be in touch (with sb)(状态)和某人有联系
例:We are in touch every week. 我们每周都联系。
2. put sb in touch with sb牵线,介绍两人认识联系
例:My teacher put me in touch with that writer.老师帮我联系上了那位作家
6.how about
【探究】在日常交际中,向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种:
(1)“Let's+动词原形.”意为 咱们……吧;
(2)“Shall we+动词原形?”意为“我们……好吗?”
(3)“What/How about+.ing/名词/代词宾格?”意为“……怎么样?” ;
(4)“Why don't we/you+动词原形?”或“Why not+动词原形?”意为“为什么不……呢?”
(5)“Would you like (to do)…?”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗;?”
(6)“Would/Will you please+动词原形?”意为“请你……好吗?”
7.take place
take place 为不及物动词短语,无被动语态。
The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。
【妙辨异同】happen/take place
辨析
意义及用法
相同点
happen
意为“发生”,强调事情发生的偶然性。
无被动语态
take place
意为“发生”,常指预期/预定的事情发生。
8.enjoy oneself “玩得高兴,过得愉快”
enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。
We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。
【考向】【易错点】
enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时,只能用动名词形式,不能跟不定式。
He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。
You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。
9.【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in
辨析
意义及用法
have been to
意为“去过某地”,强调去过但已回来,常与频度副词或ever连用。
have gone to
意为“去了某地”,强调去了但还未回来。
have been in
意为“待在某地”,表示状态,常与一段时间连用。
【注意】
(1)与一段时间连用时,只能用have been in,不能用have been/gone to。
(2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词,如here, there, home等时,介词to省略。
10.consider作动词,意为“仔细考虑;认为,觉得”。常见用法如下:
11.experience
单词
词性
含义
可数性
例句
experience
名词
经验
不可数 U
She has much experience.
experience
名词
经历
可数 C,复数 experiences
That’s a terrible experience.
experience
动词
经历、体验
无单复数
We experienced difficulties.
experienced
形容词
有经验的
修饰人
an experienced teacher
12.afford的用法:
13. care vi vt. &.关心,关注,在意
care的常用短语:
【拓展】care还可以作名词,意为“小心;照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的;仔细的)和 careless(粗心的);对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地;仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。
14. since
since可作连词,引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句常用完成时。例如:
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
【拓展】
since还可以作介词,连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如:
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
单元写作素材及满分范文
√单元写作任务
本单元话题:The Changing World 变化的世界,核心语法为现在完成时 + used to 今昔对比。单元书面表达高频考题:Great Changes in My Hometown / Changes in Our Life。
写作要求:写一篇短文,对比家乡 / 生活过去与现在的变化,可从居住、交通、通讯、教育、医疗等角度描述;最后表达个人感受、展望未来。词数 80–120 词,说明文,第一人称。
写作核心逻辑:过去(used to)→现在(现在完成时)→个人感受 + 展望,重点突出今昔对比,是福建中考高频书面表达题型。
> 写作提示:时态区分!过去用一般过去时 /used to;强调从过去持续到现在的变化,用现在完成时。
√素材积累——话题词汇
核心单词
1. develop v. 发展
2. rapid adj. 迅速的
3. progress n. 进步
4. condition n. 条件;状况
5. communication n. 通讯;交流
6. satisfy v. 使满足
7. medical adj. 医疗的
8. modern adj. 现代的
9. convenient adj. 方便的
10. improve v. 改善,提高
11. population n. 人口
12. relative n. 亲戚,亲属
核心短语(单元必背)
1. great changes have taken place 发生巨大变化
2. used to do sth 过去常常做某事
3. living conditions 生活条件
4. keep in touch with 与…… 保持联系
5. in the past 在过去
6. at present /nowadays 如今;现在
7. with the development of… 随着…… 的发展
8. receive a good education 接受良好教育
9. medical care 医疗服务
10. make progress 取得进步
11. satisfy people’s needs 满足人们的需求
12. take place 发生
13. more and more 越来越……
14. not only…but also… 不仅…… 而且……
15. in order to 为了
√素材积累——话题金句
1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in recent years.
近年来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(开篇万能句✅)
2. People used to live in small old houses, but now they live in big bright buildings.
人们过去住在老旧的小房子里,但是现在住进宽敞明亮的楼房。
3. With the rapid development of our country, people’s living conditions have improved a lot.
随着国家的快速发展,人们的生活条件已经极大改善。
4. It is much easier for us to keep in touch with relatives by mobile phones or the Internet.
我们用手机或网络和亲戚保持联系方便多了。
5. Children can study not only in modern schools but also online.
孩子们不仅可以在现代化学校学习,还可以网上学习。
6. What’s more, people can enjoy better medical care than before.
而且,人们可以享受到比以前更好的医疗服务。
7. I am proud of these amazing changes. I believe our life will become better and better.
我为这些惊人的变化感到自豪,我相信我们的生活会越来越好。(结尾万能句✅)
8. Great progress has been made in transportation.
交通方面已经取得巨大进步。
√俗语谚语
1. Time changes everything.时光改变一切。
2. Every day brings a new change.日新月异。
3. Small steps make big changes.点滴努力,造就巨变。
√写作典例及思路
写作思路(三段式模板)
第一段:总起,点明家乡 / 生活发生巨大变化(开篇点题)
第二段:对比。In the past…(过去);Now/Nowadays…(现在),从住房、交通、通讯、教育选 2–3 个角度写,用上 used to、现在完成时
第三段:个人感受 + 展望未来(升华主题)
范文 1(基础满分版,适合中等学生,词数 102)
Great Changes in My Hometown
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years.
In the past, people used to live in small old houses. The roads were narrow and dirty. People went out on foot or by bike. They kept in touch with others by writing letters.
Now things are quite different. Many tall buildings have appeared. Roads are wide and clean. People can take buses, subways or drive cars. They keep in touch with relatives by mobile phones or WeChat. Children can receive good education and people enjoy better medical care.
With the development of our country, our life is getting better and better.I feel proud of these changes. I hope my hometown will become more beautiful in the future.
> ✨亮点标注:
> Great changes have taken place(开篇高分句型)
> used to live(单元核心短语,今昔对比)
> keep in touch with relatives(课本原短语)
> With the development of our country(万能加分状语)
范文 2(拔高版,适合尖子生,词数 116,句式更丰富)
Changes in Our Life
Our world is changing all the time. Our life has changed greatly in the past decades.
Years ago, most families used to have little food and few clothes. People lived in poor houses. It was hard for kids to receive good education. People could only communicate with their relatives by sending letters.
But now, people’s living conditions have improved rapidly. We have enough food and all kinds of clothes. Not only can we live in comfortable houses, but we can also travel around easily. The Internet helps us communicate with others anytime and anywhere. We can enjoy good medical care as well.
I am surprised at these amazing changes. As teenagers, we should study hard and make our world even better.
> ✨亮点标注:
> has changed greatly in the past decades(现在完成时高级表达)
> used to have little food and few clothes(过去对比)
> Not only can we…, but we can also…(部分倒装,中考高分句型)
> As teenagers, we should…(结尾升华,表达观点)
Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home
核心单词及变形
学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. pollution (n.) 污染
→ pollute (v.) 污染
→ polluted (adj.) 被污染的
2. awareness (n.) 认识;知道;意识;兴趣
→ aware (adj.) 意识到的;知道的
→ unaware (adj.) 未意识到的
3. sort (v.) 把…… 分类;整理 n. 种类;类别
→ sorted (adj.) 分类好的
4. journalist (n.) 新闻记者;新闻工作者
→ journal (n.) 日记;期刊
→ journalism (n.) 新闻业;新闻工作
5. interview (v./n.) 采访;面试
→ interviewer (n.) 采访者;面试官
→ interviewee (n.) 受访者;被面试者
6. environmental (adj.) 自然环境的
→ environment (n.) 环境
→ environmentally (adv.) 在环境方面
7. organization (n.) 组织;团体;机构
→ organize (v.) 组织
→ organized (adj.) 有条理的
→ organizer (n.) 组织者
8. recycle (v.) 回收利用;再利用
→ recycling (n.) 回收
→ recyclable (adj.) 可回收的
9. donate (v.) 捐赠,赠送
→ donation (n.) 捐赠;捐款
→ donor (n.) 捐赠人
10. charity (n.) 慈善机构;慈善事业
→ charitable (adj.) 慈善的;仁爱的
11. negative (adj.) 坏的;有害的 n. 否定;负数
→ negatively (adv.) 消极地;负面地
12. blood (n.) 血
→ bleed (v.) 流血(过去式 bled)
→ bloody (adj.) 流血的
13. correctly (adv.) 准确无误地;正确地;恰当地
→ correct (adj.) 正确的 v. 纠正
→ correction (n.) 改正;修正
→ incorrect (adj.) 错误的
14. cooperate (v.) 合作;协作
→ cooperation (n.) 合作
→ cooperative (adj.) 合作的
→ cooperator (n.) 合作者
15. found (v.) 创建,创办
→ foundation (n.) 基础;基金会
→ founder (n.) 创立者
16. award (v.) 授予;颁发 n. 奖;奖品
→ awarded (adj.) 被授予的
17. honour (honor AmE) (n./v.) 尊敬,尊重
→ honourable (adj.) 光荣的;可敬的
→ honoured (adj.) 荣幸的
18. introduction (n.) 介绍;序言;引言;导论
→ introduce (v.) 介绍;引进
19. suffer (v.) (因疾病、痛苦等) 受苦,受折磨;遭受
→ suffering (n.) 痛苦;苦难 adj. 受苦的
→ sufferer (n.) 受难者;患者
20. packaging (n.) 外包装;包装材料
→ package (n.) 包裹 v. 打包
→ packed (adj.) 打包好的
21. cloth (n.) 织物;布料
→ clothes (n.) 衣服
→ clothing (n.) 服装(总称)
学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
重点短语
1. environmental protection 环境保护
2. different kinds of pollution 各类污染
3. light pollution 光污染
4. air pollution 空气污染
5. soil pollution 土壤污染
6. noise pollution 噪音污染
7. water pollution 水污染
8. set up 建立;设立
9. make great efforts in doing 努力做……
10. be harmful to 对…… 有害
11. take actions to do sth 采取行动做…
12. an article about 一篇关于… 的文章
13. cut down 砍倒;削减
14. start a family 安家
15. green traveling 绿色出行
16. waste sorting 垃圾分类
17. energy saving 节约能源
18. environmental organization 环保组织
19. make use of 利用
20. in another way 用另一种方式
21. donate sth to… 把某物捐赠给…
22. turn…into… 把… 变成…
23. waste paper 废纸
24. turn off 关掉
25. pick up 捡起
26. throw out 扔掉
27. pour…into… 把… 倒入
28. produce noises 产生噪音
29. do great harm to sb 对某人伤害很大
30. have effects on 对… 产生影响
31. high blood pressure 高血压
32. heart disease 心脏病
33. be based on 以… 为依据,基于…
34. be important for 对… 很重要
35. hold activities 举办活动
36. the causes of …… 的起因
37. fight against 与… 作斗争
38. desert growth 土地沙化
39. plant trees 植树
40. ever since then 从那以后
41. ask sb for advice 向某人征求建议
42. learn from 向… 学习
43. all over again 从头再来
44. lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事
45. protect…from… 保护… 免受… 伤害
46. make money 赚钱
47. in honor of 为表彰…;纪念…
48. year after year 年复一年
49. rest on one's honor 躺在功劳簿上
50. continue one's efforts 持续付出努力
51. control the sands 治沙、管控风沙
52. the spreading of the desert 沙漠扩张
53. a way to do sth 做某事的方法
54. clean up 清理
55. learn more about 更多了解
56. take the action 采取行动
57. with the help from 在… 的帮助下
58. all over the world 全世界
59. throw away 扔掉
60. the number of …… 的数量
61. sort out 分拣;分类
62. take good care of 悉心照料
63. think twice 三思
64. take the underground 乘坐地铁
65. as much as possible 尽可能多地
66. National Tree-planting Day植树节
67. recycle the waste 回收废弃物
68. use less paper 减少纸张使用
69. stop using plastic bags 停止使用塑料袋
70. first of all 首先
71. put…into… 把… 倒入
72. such as 例如
73. the quality of …… 的质量
74. as a result 因此,结果
75. oil pollution 石油污染
76. as well 也
77. in a word 总而言之
78. a danger to… 对… 的威胁
79. human health 人类健康
80. in fact 事实上
81. reduce food waste 减少厨余垃圾
82. make a shopping list 列购物清单
83. say no to plastics 拒绝塑料制品
84. at a time 一次
85. be known as 作为… 而出名
86. according to 根据…
87. plenty of 大量
88. slow down 减缓
89. bring down 降低
90. make a big difference to sth 对… 产生巨大影响
91. for a whole year 持续了整整一年
92. take part in 参加
93. more and more 越来越…
94. modern technology 现代技术
95. clean the air 净化空气
96. after all 毕竟
97. make efforts to do sth 努力做某事
学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
必背句型
1.As the city has made great efforts in fighting against air pollution for these years, people can see much clearer sky now.这些年来,这座城市大力治理空气污染,现在人们能看到清澈得多的天空了。
2.Noise pollution not only causes many health problems in humans hearing, but also harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean.噪音污染不仅会给人类听力带来诸多健康问题,还会伤害动物,尤其是海洋里的鲸鱼和海豚。
3.Light pollution can be harmful to the health of people and animals. More people are taking actions to reduce it and bring back the natural sky.
光污染会危害人类和动物的健康。越来越多的人正在采取行动减少光污染,重现自然的夜空。
4.You look serious. What has happened?你神情很严肃,发生什么事了?
→I’ve read an article about water pollution.我读了一篇关于水污染的文章。
5.What does it say?文章说了些什么?
→Unsafe water has made many people sick in the past few years and water pollution is putting our health at risk.过去几年里,不安全的水源已经让很多人生病,水污染正威胁着我们的健康。
6.But recently, people have stopped cutting down trees and I can find a good place to live in and start a family.不过最近人们不再砍伐树木了,我可以找到一个好住处,安家繁衍。
7.I helped spread the message about environmental protection.我帮忙宣传有关环境保护的理念。
8.The three Rs—reduce, reuse and recycle.三个 R 原则:减量化、再利用、再循环。
9.To reduce means trying to produce less trash.减量化指尽量少产生垃圾。
10.For example,we can reduce trash by using fewer plastic bags.例如,我们可以通过少用塑料袋来减少垃圾。
11.Reusing means making use of something again or in another way, such as using the water from your showers to clean the toilet and donating old clothes to charity.再利用是指再次或以其他方式使用某物,比如用洗澡水冲厕所,把旧衣服捐赠给慈善机构。
12.When we recycle, we turn used materials into new products. We can recycle many things in our daily life, such as paper boxes, glass bottles and so on.回收再利用就是把废旧材料加工成新产品。日常生活中有很多东西可以回收,例如纸盒、玻璃瓶等等。
13.I always turn off the lights when I leave home.我离家的时候总会关掉灯。
14.Long‑lasting or sudden loud noises can do great harm to people’s hearing and cause hearing problems.持续不断或是突然出现的巨大噪音会严重损害人们的听力,引发听力问题。
15.Waste sorting is very important for environmental protection.垃圾分类对保护环境十分重要。
16.To sort the wastes, we put them into bins of different colors.
进行垃圾分类时,我们要把垃圾投入不同颜色的垃圾桶。
17.The blue bin is used for recycling paper and plastics, the green one is for kitchen waste, the red one is for the harmful or dangerous waste and the gray one is for others.蓝色垃圾桶用来回收纸张和塑料,绿色投放厨余垃圾,红色投放有害垃圾,灰色投放其他垃圾。
18.Communities often hold different activities to teach people how to sort the waste, and sometimes you can see volunteers help people put the waste into the right bin.社区经常举办各类活动教人们如何垃圾分类,有时还能看到志愿者帮助大家把垃圾投放到对应的垃圾桶里。
19.In northwest China’s Shaanxi Province, a farmer has fought against desert growth for more than 40 years. His name is Shi Guangyin.在中国西北部的陕西省,有一位农民与沙漠扩张斗争了四十多年。他叫石光银。
20.The spreading of deserts has been an environmental problem around the world.沙漠扩张是一个全球性的环境问题。
21.In the 1980s, the Chinese government began to encourage people to plant trees in the northern part of China.20 世纪 80 年代,中国政府开始鼓励人们在中国北方植树。
22.He cooperated with some other villagers to plant trees in the desert and started his fighting against desert growth ever since then.他和其他一些村民合作,在沙漠里植树,从那时起便开启了治沙之路。
23.He asked experts for advice and tried to learn from successful experience around the world.
他向专家请教,并且努力借鉴世界各地的成功经验。
24.He founded a sand‑control company and led people to set up blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms.他创办了一家治沙公司,带领人们设置沙障,保护树木免受沙尘暴侵袭。
25.A lot more trees survived this time, and the villagers could also make some money while fighting to control sands with Shi’s company.这次有更多树木存活下来,村民们跟着石光银的公司治沙的同时,也能赚到一些钱。
26.In 2021, Shi Guangyin received the July 1 Medal in honor of his efforts to control the desert growth.2021 年,石光银荣获 “七一勋章”,以此表彰他在治沙方面做出的贡献。
27.“We need to continue our efforts, year after year, to protect the environment.” said Shi in an interview.石光银在一次采访中说:“我们要年复一年继续努力,保护环境。”
28.It’s a good idea to reuse plastic bags as waste bags.把塑料袋再次用作垃圾袋是个好主意。
29.Scientists have found a new way to recycle waste paper into new paper products.
科学家们找到了一种新方法,可以把废纸回收制成新的纸制品。
30.Our community has renewed calls for cleaning up the waste along the river.我们社区再次呼吁清理沿河的垃圾。
31.Whenever there is pollution again, we need to retake the action to stop it.每当污染再次出现,我们就要重新采取行动制止它。
32.After the earthquake, people rebuilt the city with the help from all over the world.
地震过后,在世界各地的帮助下,人们重建了这座城市。
33.Perhaps, we should rethink about this and find a better way to use them.
或许,我们应该重新思考这件事,找到更好的方式来使用它们。
34.I have kept sorting out all the waste at home for five days.我已经连续五天在家坚持对所有垃圾进行分类。
35.I have been in an environmental group since the new term began.自从新学期开始,我就加入了一个环保小组。
36.I always write on both sides of the paper, and I also like to reuse paper boxes, plastic cups and many other things.我总是在纸的两面书写,我也喜欢重复利用纸盒、塑料杯以及其他很多物品。
37.In fact, I’ve long been used to thinking twice before throwing things away.
事实上,我早就养成习惯,丢弃东西之前会再三考虑。
38.I’ve been a member of our school’s green club for 2 years.我已经担任学校绿色社团的成员两年了。
39.We’ve planted many trees now, and we take very good care of the trees all the year round.
如今我们已经种了很多树,并且一年四季都细心照料这些树木。
40.I ride my bike or take the bus to and from school.我骑自行车或者乘坐公交车上下学。
41.When I go out, I also take the underground as much as possible.外出的时候,我也会尽可能乘坐地铁。
42.I think, by doing so, we’re doing our part of going green.
我认为,通过这样做,我们就在为绿色环保尽自己的一份力量。
43.We have all learned a lot about air pollution since Mr. Wang’s geography lesson last week.
自从上周王老师的地理课之后,我们都学到了很多关于空气污染的知识。
44.First of all, people have put lots of unclean things into rivers and lakes, such as waste water and rubbish.首先,人们把大量不洁的东西排入江河湖泊,比如废水和垃圾。
45.As a result, the natural environment has suffered greatly.结果,自然环境遭受了严重破坏。
46.It has polluted the ocean and harmed plants and animals as well.它污染了海洋,同时也伤害了动植物。
47.In a word, water pollution has become a great danger to human health and the environment.
总而言之,水污染已经对人类健康和环境构成巨大威胁。
48.We need to reconsider our way of living and protect our home planet.
我们需要重新审视我们的生活方式,保护我们赖以生存的地球家园。
49.Today, I’d like to share my ideas on how to be a greener person in the kitchen.
今天,我想分享一些在厨房如何做环保人士的想法。
50.It can keep you from buying more things than you really need.这能避免你购买超出实际所需的物品。
51.Scientists have worked hard for years to turn deserts into forests.
科学家们多年来不懈努力,致力于把沙漠变成森林。
52.By turning deserts into forests, we can help slow down the climate change, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms.通过把沙漠改造为森林,我们有助于减缓气候变化、降低气温,减少沙尘暴。
53.It’s about how small things can make a big difference in protecting the environment.
这讲的是,保护环境时,小事也能产生巨大的影响。
54.We should then try our best to reduce pollution.然后我们应当尽全力减少污染。
55.As we all know, small acts can make a big difference, and we can make it happen if we act as one. After all, we have only one home planet in the universe.众所周知,小小行动也能带来巨大改变,只要我们齐心协力,就可以做到。毕竟,宇宙中我们只有这一个地球家园。
单元易错点归纳
1.make efforts in doing sth努力做某事;倾力做某事
拓展:
1.make efforts to do sth(最常用)努力去做某事
例句:We make great efforts to reduce waste.我们努力减少垃圾。
2.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事(高频满分短语)
例句:We spare no effort in protecting the sky.我们不遗余力守护蓝天。
2.fight
过去式 / 过去分词:fought 现在分词:fighting
(一)v. 动词 打架;抗争;治理;奋斗
高频固定搭配(考试重点)
1. fight against sth对抗、抵制、治理(坏事:污染、疾病、贫困)
原句:fight against air pollution 治理空气污染
例句:We fight against waste. 我们抵制浪费。
2. fight with sb
① 和某人打架 ② 和某人并肩作战
例:fight with classmates 和同学打架
fight with friends against difficulties 和朋友一起对抗困难
3. fight for sth 为…… 而奋斗、争取
fight for clean air 为洁净空气而努力
fight for our dreams 为梦想奋斗
4. fight to do sth 奋力做某事
They fight to protect rivers. 他们奋力保护河流。
(二)n. 名词 打斗;斗争;抗争
1. have a fight with sb 和某人打架
2. a fight against pollution 一场治污攻坚战
3.【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and…
辨析
意义
谓语动词(连接主语时)
either… or…
或者……或者……;
要么……要么……
就近一致
neither… nor…
既不……也不……
not only… but (also)…
不但……而且……
both… and…
……和……都……
用复数
4.take actions to do sth采取行动去做某事
同义:take measures to do sth
5.bring back + 名词 :恢复;使…… 回归;带回
bring back the natural sky 恢复自然天空
拓展:bring back memories 唤起回忆
例句:More people are taking actions to protect the earth.越来越多人采取行动保护地球。
We are taking actions to bring back clean water.我们正在采取行动重现洁净水源。
6.used to
“used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”,只用于过去时态,没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。
Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。
Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗?
【易混辨析】重点:be used to doing, be used to do与used to do
be used to doing sth.
意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”,其中to是介词,后跟动词 ing 形式
be used to do sth.
意为“ 被用来做某事 ”,其中to为不定式符号,后跟动词__原形___
used to do sth.
意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”,只用于过去时态,其中to是不定式符号,后跟动词_原形
Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。
A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。
He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。
7.make use of 利用
make good use of 好好利用
make full use of 充分利用
make better use of 更好地利用
例句:We should make full use of every chance.我们应该充分利用每一次机会。
8.donate v. 捐赠;捐献
固定搭配(必考)
donate sth to sb / sth 把某物捐赠给……
✅ donate money to the poor 给穷人捐款
donate to + 机构
Many people donate to this charity.很多人向这家慈善机构捐款。
派生词 donation n. [C/U] 捐赠物;捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠
例句:They donate books to rural schools every year.他们每年向乡村学校捐赠书籍。
9.辨析please, pleased, pleasure与pleasant
词汇
意义及用法
please
动词,意为“使愉快,使满意”。另外,也可作感叹词,意为“请”。
pleased
形容词,意为“高兴的”,作表语,常修饰人。常用结构:be pleased with对……感到满意;be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。
pleasure
名词,作“高兴,快乐,愉快,满意”讲时,为不可数名词;作“乐事,快事”讲时,为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。(帮忙之后表示不客气)
With pleasure. 很乐意。(帮忙之前表示乐意效劳)
pleasant
形容词,意为“令人愉快的;友好的,和善的”,作定语或表语。
如:
①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。
②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。
③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。
④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。
10.ask
11.successful
变形:succeed v.→success n.成功;成就;→successful adj.成功的;有成就的→successfully adv.成功地
如:When you achieve your dream, it means that you succeed in doing what you want.
12.experience
experience v.→experienced adj. 有经验的;经验丰富的
13.lead
lead动词,意为“带路;领路”,其过去式是 led 。常用短语:lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”;lead to“(道路等)通往……;引起;导致”。
Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。
This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。
②protect v.→protection n.保护;防护
protect的用法
protect为及物动词,意为“保护;防护”。
常见用法:protect sb./sth. (against/from sth.),意为“保护某人/某物(免受……)”。
如:
①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。
②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。
14. protect
15.【易混辨析】重点:the number of与a number of
短语
用法
图解助记
the number of
表示“ ……的数量 ”,后接可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 (单数/复数)形式
a number of
表示“ 许多 ”,后接可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 (单数/复数)形式,其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰
Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。
A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。
16.first of all
at first
与at the beginning同义,表示"起初(但后来……)",与后来发生的事相对照。
☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。
first of all
与first同义,表示"首先;最重要",说明顺序,后面常接next,then等。
☞ First of all, open the window. 首先,打开窗户。
17.by的用法
用法
意义
例句
by +v.-ing形式
通过……方式(途径)
He makes a living by teaching.
他通过教书谋生。
by+时间点
在……之前;不迟于
You must be home by 10:00 p.m.
你必须晚上十点之前到家。
by+交通工具
乘坐
He usually goes to work by bike.
他通常骑自行车去上班。
by+地点名词
在……旁;
靠近
She is sitting by the window.
她正坐在窗户旁边。
【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中:by the way 顺便问一下;by mistake 错误地;by hand 手工;by oneself 靠自己;by accident 偶然,意外地
【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”,相当于change ... into ...。
Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。
18.turn的用法
作动词,意为“转向,转身”。
Turn right at the traffic lights. 在红绿灯处向右拐。
作系动词,意为“变得;达到”。
Leaves turn brown in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。
She turned 18 last year. 她去年满18岁了。
作名词,意为“轮流”。
it’s one’s turn to do sth.“轮到……做某事”, take turns doing sth./to do sth. “轮流做某事”
It’s your turn to do the dishes. 轮到你洗碗了。
We take turns cleaning the classroom. 我们轮流打扫教室。
turn on,turn off,turn down与turn up
四者均为动词短语,当其后的宾语为名词时,名词放在介词前后均可;当其后的宾语为代词时,代词必须放在turn与介词的中间。其具体用法如下:
turn on
“打开(自来水、煤气等)”或“开(电灯、电视等)电源”
Would you mind turning on the electric fan?你介意打开电风扇吗?
turn off
“关掉,切断”
Tom, turn off the tap!There is water all over the floor. Tom,关上水龙头!满地都是水。
turn down
“调小,关小音量”
Do you mind if I turn down the music?你介意我把音乐调小声些吗?
“拒绝”
There’s no reason to turn down this suggestion. 没有理由拒绝这个建议。
turn up
“调大,使音量变大”
There are so many people here. Let’s turn up the music. 这里有如此多的人。让我们把音乐声音调大些吧。
“突然出现”
She turned up at my house late one night. 一天深夜她突然来到我家。
19.anything interesting
anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时,应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 (前面/后面)。
Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。
Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗?
20.make a big difference:产生很大影响;作用重大;带来巨大改变
拓展变体(中考常考)
make a difference 有影响,起作用(无 big,通用)
make a big difference to… 对…… 影响很大(最重要搭配)
make little difference 几乎没有影响
make no difference 没有作用,无关紧要
make much difference(多用于否定、疑问)
21.try
(1)try作动词时,其常见用法如下:
常见搭配: try on 试穿 try out 参加……选拔;试用
如: We try to make our community a better place. 我们尽力让我们的小区变得更好。
如: He always helps his mother with the housework. 他总是帮着妈妈做一些家务。
Cooking helps us (to) show our love for family members. 做饭有助于我们向家人展示我们的爱。
Help yourself to some tea, Linda. 随便喝点茶吧,Linda。
I can’t help laughing when I watch them. 当看着他们的时候,我忍不住笑起来!
She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble. 每当我有困难时,她总是帮我克服。
单元写作素材及满分范文
√单元写作任务
写作任务解读
单元主题:Greener Planet, Better Home 绿色星球,美好家园,核心话题:环境污染、环保措施、低碳生活、绿色行为倡议。
核心语法:现在完成时;情态动词表建议。
中考高频写作题型:倡议书 / 说明文,两个常考出题方向:
① 描述各类污染的危害,提出保护环境的做法;
② 题目:How to Be a Greener Person(如何做一名环保者),介绍低碳生活方式。
写作要求:词数 80–120 词;结构清晰,先点明环境现状,再列举可行环保行动,最后发出号召;多用建议句型、现在完成时。
写作主线:现状问题 → 个人 / 社会行动建议 → 呼吁 + 展望。
√素材积累——话题词汇
核心单词
1. pollute v. 污染
2. pollution n. 污染
3. harmful adj. 有害的
4. recycle v. 回收利用
5. reuse v. 再利用
6. reduce v. 减少
7. resource n. 资源
8. plastic n. 塑料
9. protect v. 保护
10. environment n. 环境
11. waste n. 废弃物 v. 浪费
12. sort v. 分类
13. plant v. 种植
14. carbon n. 碳
15. action n. 行动
核心短语(单元必背)
1. environmental protection 环境保护
2. different kinds of pollution 各类污染
3. air/water/soil/noise pollution 空气 / 水 / 土壤 / 噪音污染
4. be harmful to /do harm to 对…… 有害
5. take actions to do sth 采取行动做某事
6. waste sorting 垃圾分类
7. green traveling 绿色出行
8. save energy /energy saving 节约能源
9. turn off 关掉(电源)
10. cut down 削减;砍倒
11. make use of 利用
12. pour…into… 把…… 倒入
13. plant trees 植树
14. protect…from… 保护…… 免受…… 伤害
15. make a big difference to 对…… 产生巨大影响
16. live a low‑carbon life 过低碳生活
17. plenty of 大量
18. say no to plastics 拒绝塑料制品
19. recycle the waste 回收废弃物
20. it’s our duty to do sth 做某事是我们的责任
√素材积累——话题金句
1. Our planet is in great danger because of all kinds of pollution.
因为各种各样的污染,我们的星球正处于危险之中。(开篇句✅)
2. It’s our duty to protect the environment.
保护环境是我们每个人的责任。(万能中心句)
3. Pollution is harmful to our health and the living environment.
污染对我们的健康和生存环境有害。
4. We should take simple actions to live a greener life.
我们应该采取简单行动,过上更绿色的生活。
5. We’d better sort waste and recycle paper and bottles.
我们最好做好垃圾分类,回收纸张和瓶子。
6. Remember to turn off lights when we leave rooms to save energy.
离开房间记得关灯来节约能源。
7. Not only can we choose green traveling, but we should also say no to plastic bags.
我们不仅可以选择绿色出行,还应该拒绝塑料袋。(高分倒装句型)
8. Small actions can make a big difference to our environment.
微小的行动会对环境产生巨大影响。(结尾高分句✅)
9. If everyone tries their best, we will make our planet greener.
如果人人尽力,我们会让地球变得更绿。
√俗语谚语
1. Small actions make a big difference.微小行动,成就巨大改变。
2. There is only one earth.地球只有一个。
3. Save the earth, save ourselves.拯救地球就是拯救我们自己。
√写作典例及思路
第一段:引出话题,点明现在存在环境污染,保护环境人人有责(总起)
第二段:列举具体环保做法,分点写垃圾分类、节约能源、绿色出行、少用塑料(主体,用 should/had better/we can 提建议)
第三段:发出倡议,小小的行动汇聚力量,展望绿色家园(结尾升华)
范文 1(基础满分版,适合中等学生,词数 104)
How to Be a Greener Person
It’s our duty to protect our environment. But now all kinds of pollution has done great harm to our planet.
What can we do to be greener people? First, we should sort waste and recycle waste paper and bottles. Second, remember to turn off lights and taps to save energy when we don’t use them. Third, we can choose green traveling, such as walking or taking the underground instead of driving cars. What’s more, we should say no to plastic bags.
Small actions can make a big difference. If everyone does something simple, we will have a greener planet and a better home.
> ✨亮点标注
> It’s our duty to protect our environment(单元万能开篇句型)
> sort waste and recycle waste paper(课本短语)
> turn off lights and taps(环保细节表达)
> Small actions can make a big difference(结尾加分金句)
范文 2(拔高版,适合尖子生,词数 115,句式更丰富)
Greener Planet, Better Home
As we know, pollution has become a serious problem. It has influenced our life and done harm to human health.
We can do many small things to protect the earth. Not only should we live a low‑carbon life, but we also need to develop good green habits.We are supposed to sort rubbish and reuse things. We’d better plant more trees to clean the air. When shopping, take cloth bags and avoid plastic products. We can also take buses or ride bikes for short trips.
The earth is our only home.Everyone should take part in environmental protection. As teenagers, we should keep on doing these small things. I believe we will build a cleaner and greener world together.
> ✨亮点标注
> has influenced our life and done harm to human health(现在完成时,单元核心语法)
> Not only should we…, but we also need to…(倒装高分句型,阅卷加分)
> develop good green habits养成良好环保习惯
> keep on doing these small things坚持做这些小事
Unit 3 Great Ideas
核心单词及变形
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1. wooden (adj.) 木制的;木头的
→ wood (n.) 木头;树林
→ woody (adj.) 木质的
2. lock (n.) 锁 v. 锁住
→ locked (adj.) 上锁的
3. lover (n.) 爱好者;热爱者
→ love (v./n.) 爱;喜爱
→ lovely (adj.) 可爱的
→ loving (adj.) 钟爱的
4. inventor (n.) 发明家
→ invent (v.) 发明;创造
→ invention (n.) 发明物;发明
5. certainly (adv.) 无疑;肯定
→ certain (adj.) 确定的
→ certainty (n.) 确定性
→ uncertain (adj.) 不确定的
6. discovery (n.) 发现;发觉
→ discover (v.) 发现
→ discoverer (n.) 发现者
7. printing (n.) 印刷;印刷术
→ print (v./n.) 印刷;打印
→ printer (n.) 打印机;印刷工人
8. fishing (n.) 钓鱼;捕鱼业
→ fish (v.) 钓鱼 n. 鱼
→ fisherman (n.) 渔夫
9. sailor (n.) 水手;海员
→ sail (v.) 航行;启航 n. 帆
→ sailing (n.) 航海;航行
10. magnetic (adj.) 有磁性的,磁的
→ magnet (n.) 磁铁
→ magnetism (n.) 磁性;磁力
11. war (n.) 战争 v. 作战
→ warring (adj.) 交战的
12. movable (adj.) 可移动的
→ move (v.) 移动
→ movement (n.) 运动;移动
13. broaden (v.) 增长;变宽;变阔
→ broad (adj.) 宽阔的
→ broadly (adv.) 广泛地
→ breadth (n.) 宽度
14. sharp (adj.) 锋利的;尖锐的
→ sharply (adv.) 尖锐地;猛烈地
→ sharpen (v.) 使锋利;削尖
→ sharpener (n.) 卷笔刀
15. wake (v.) 醒,醒来;唤醒,弄醒
→ woke (过去式),woken (过去分词)
→ awake (adj.) 醒着的
→ waking (adj.) 醒着的
16. instruction (n.) 用法说明;操作指南
→ instruct (v.) 指示;教导
→ instructor (n.) 教练;导师
→ instructive (adj.) 有教育意义的
17. imaginative (adj.) 富于想象力的;创新的
→ imagine (v.) 想象;设想
→ imagination (n.) 想象力
→ imaginary (adj.) 想象中的;虚构的
18. daydream (n.) 白日梦;幻想;空想 v. 做白日梦
→ daydreamer (n.) 爱做白日梦的人
→ daydreaming (n.) 白日做梦
19. awake (adj.) 醒着 v.(使)醒来,唤醒
→ wake (v.) 唤醒
→ awoke (过去式),awoken (过去分词)
→ awaken (v.) 唤醒;使醒悟
20. prize (n.) 奖;奖赏;奖品 v. 珍视
→ prized (adj.) 珍贵的
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重点短语
1. plastic raincoat 塑料雨衣
2. wooden guitar 木制吉他
3. bamboo chopsticks 竹筷子
4. glass skywalk 玻璃栈道
5. paper house 纸房子
6. metal lock 金属锁
7. walk on 走在… 上面
8. an important part of …… 的重要部分
9. protect sb from doing sth 保护某人免受…
10. spend time with sb 花时间陪伴某人
11. put…in… 把… 放入…
12. be made of 由… 制成 (能看出原材料)
13. be used for 被用来做…
14. talk about 谈论
15. more than 超过;多于
16. in one's whole life 在某人一生之中
17. be invented by 由… 发明
18. on horses 骑马
19. practice doing sth 练习做某事
20. day and night 日日夜夜;夜以继日
21. all kinds of 各种各样的
22. solve the problem 解决问题
23. lead to 导致;引起;通向
24. bring about 引起;导致;造成
25. in order to 为了(后接动词原形)
26. show great interest in 对…… 表现出浓厚的兴趣
27. electronic system 电子系统
28. be different from 与…… 不同
29. take…as examples 以…… 为例
30. in one's case 就某人的情况而言
31. see the difference 看出区别;发现差异
32. for a very long time 长久以来
33. hold a leading position in 在… 占据领先地位
34. write on 在… 上面书写
35. be improved by 由… 改进
36. as a result 结果
37. depend on 依靠;依赖
38. find the right direction 辨别正确方向
39. by accident 偶然;意外地
40. at the end of 在… 末期
41. block printing 雕版印刷术
42. movable type printing 活字印刷术
43. spread knowledge 传播知识
44. speed up 加速
45. with the development of science 随着科学的发展
46. be difficult to do sth 做某事很困难
47. broaden one's minds 开阔眼界
48. improve quality 提升质量
49. need to do sth 需要做某事
50. by hand 手动
51. wake up 叫醒
52. stay up late 熬夜
53. model rocket 火箭模型
54. come up 出现;产生
55. keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某人 / 某物做……
56. all over the world 全世界
57. more and more popular 越来越受欢迎
58. thousands of 成千上万
59. different kinds of 不同种类的
60. collect stamps 集邮
61. as a hobby 作为一种爱好
62. make an invention 完成一项发明
63. think about 思考,考虑
64. search online for sth 上网搜索某物
65. make improvements 做出改进
66. on one's way 即将到来,在路上
67. draw out 勾勒,画出
68. a piece of paper 一张纸
69. make a list of 列出… 清单
70. it's time to do sth 到了做… 的时间了
71. carry out 执行,实施
72. ask for help from sb 向某人求助
73. give up 放弃
74. keep on doing sth 坚持做某事
75. get started 开始行动
76. work hard 努力工作
77. change…into… 把… 变成
78. sleeping bag 睡袋
79. according to 依据,根据
80. take up 占用…
81. a pair of jeans 一条牛仔裤
82. not only…but also 不仅… 而且…
83. plenty of 大量,许多
84. work on 钻研
85. think of 想出
86. stay awake 保持清
学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
必背句型
1.XiaoYa is good at music. So her uncle gave her a wooden guitar as her birthday gift last year.
小雅擅长音乐。所以去年她叔叔送给她一把木制吉他作为生日礼物。
2.I would never walk on the glass skywalk over the mountains. It is very high and I am afraid I might fall.我绝不会走山上的玻璃栈道。它特别高,我怕自己会掉下去。
3.Bamboo chopsticks are a great invention. It's an important part of Chinese dining culture.
竹筷子是一项伟大的发明。它是中国饮食文化的重要组成部分。
4.It's raining hard. Take an umbrella or a plastic raincoat to protect you from getting wet.
雨下得很大。带上雨伞或者一件塑料雨衣,免得被淋湿。
5.As an art lover, I like making paper houses best when I spend time with my little brother.
作为一名艺术爱好者,和弟弟相处的时候,我最喜欢做纸房子。
6.The boy put the key in the metal lock of the door and turned it. Only seconds later, he entered the secret garden.男孩把钥匙插进门上的金属锁并转动钥匙。仅仅几秒钟之后,他就进入了秘密花园。
7.What's the lock made of? 这把锁是由什么制成的?
→It is made of metal.它是由金属制成的。
8.What is it used for?它是用来做什么的?
→It is used for locking the door.它是用来锁门的。
9.Sometimes I also use it to search for information.有时候我也用它来查找信息。
10.I think the cellphone was developed in 1976, but Lingling said it was developed in 1973.
我认为手机是 1976 年研发出来的,但是玲玲说它是 1973 年研发的。
11.It is said that it was invented in 1879.据说它是在 1879 年被发明的。
12.He invented more than two thousand things in his whole life.他一生发明了两千多种东西。
13.That's what makes him famous all over the world.那就是他闻名全世界的原因。
14.Xiaoxiao practices drawing day and night.晓晓夜以继日地练习画画。
15.Her family buys her all kinds of painting materials and hangs her drawings everywhere!
她的家人给她买各种各样的绘画材料,还把她的画到处张贴!
16.From an early age,he showed great interest in television.他从小就对电视表现出浓厚的兴趣。
17.However,in Edison's case, there was no light bulb in the world before Edison created it.
然而,就爱迪生的情况而言,在爱迪生发明灯泡之前,世界上还没有灯泡。
18.For a long time,Chinese science and technology held a leading position in the world.
很长一段时间里,中国的科技在世界上处于领先地位。
19.He made the paper from cheaper materials, such as fishing nets and ropes.他用渔网、绳索这类更廉价的材料来造纸。
20.Chinese people used block printing to produce books at first.起初中国人使用雕版印刷术印制书籍。
21.During the Northern Song Dynasty,Bi Sheng developed movable type printing.北宋时期,毕昇发明了活字印刷术。
22.Together they speeded up the development of human society.它们共同推动了人类社会的发展。
23.With the development of science,an amazing number of new things are being discovered and invented.随着科学的发展,大量新奇的事物不断被发现和发明。
24.In the old days, stone was difficult to transport,so many wooden houses were built.
古时候,石头很难运输,所以人们建造了许多木屋。
25.At first,Chinese people used wooden boards to print books.起初,中国人用木板来印刷书籍。
26.When sky began to darken, sailors had to depend on stars to find the right direction.
当天空开始变暗时,水手们不得不依靠星星来辨别正确的方向。
27.I was woken up by my mom too early this morning.今天早上我被妈妈叫醒得太早了。
28.It was made for the model rocket show this Sunday.这是为本周日的火箭模型展制作的。
29.He first tried to find a practical use for them,but nothing came up.他起初努力想为它们找到实际用途,但一无所获。
30.What do you think is the greatest invention in the world?你认为世界上最伟大的发明是什么?
31.They are an important part of traditional Chinese food and they are so delicious.
它们是中国传统食物里重要的一部分,而且十分美味。
32.It changed the way of communication and made mailing letters easier and more popular.
它改变了交流的方式,让邮寄信件变得更简便、更普及。
33.Start your idea with a need or problem.从一个需求或问题开启你的想法。
34.Perhaps an idea for an invention is on your way.也许一项发明的灵感就即将到来。
35.Draw out your ideas on a piece of paper and make a list of things to be done.
在纸上画出你的想法,并列出要做的事项。
36.After you have made a plan,it's time to carry it out.制定好计划之后,就该付诸行动了。
37.If you have some difficulties, ask for help from your friends,parents and teachers.如果遇到困难,可以向朋友、父母和老师求助。
38.Never give up and keep on trying!永不放弃,不断尝试!
39.If you dream big and work hard, you can also become a great inventor.
如果你心怀远大梦想并且努力奋斗,你也能成为一名伟大的发明家。
40.The hiking bag can be changed into a tent or a sleeping bag.这个徒步背包可以变身成帐篷或者睡袋。
41.The temperature of its back may change according to the weather.它背部的温度可以根据天气发生变化。
42.It could take up ten years to wear out a pair of jeans.一条牛仔裤可能要用上十年才会穿破。
43.Jeans are designed not only for men,but also for women and children.
牛仔裤不仅为男士设计,也供女士和儿童使用。
44.The more you wash them, the more comfortable they become.你洗得越多,它们就会变得越舒服。
单元易错点归纳
1. invention
invent(v)发明 invention(n)发明物(可数)→inventor(n)发明者→inventive(adj)有创造力的
辨析discover, invent与create
词汇
意义及用法
discover
意为“发现”,指发现本来已经存在,但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。
invent
意为“发明”,指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。
create
意为“创作;创造”,指创造出原本不存在的东西,如艺术、理论、美食等。
如:
①Only later did she discover a talent for writing.她后来才发现自己的写作天分。
②Who invented the telephone? 谁发明了电话机?
③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。
2.be made of
be made of 意为“由……制造而成”,表示从制成品中可以看出原材料。如:
The dress is made of silk. 这件礼服是丝制的。
【妙辨异同】be made of, be made from, be made in, be made into, be made by与be made up of
be made of
“由……制成”,指能看出原材料。
Books are made of paper. 书是用纸张制成的。
be made from
“由……制成”,指不能看出原材料。
This kind of wine is made from grapes. 这种酒是由葡萄酿成的。
be made in
“在……(地点) 制造”。
People across the world can buy things made in China. 全世界的人都可以买到中国制品。
be made into
“被制成……”。
The wood will be made into a chair. 这块木头将被制成一把椅子。
be made by
“由……(某人) 制作”。
These gifts are all made by my grandma. 这些礼物都是我奶奶制作的。
be made up of
“由……组成”。
Your life should be made up of happiness. 快乐才是你的人生。
3.be used for
be used for意为“被用来做……”(表目的),其后可跟名词或动词ing形式,跟动词ing时,可与be used to do 互换。如:
The spoon is used for having soup. = The spoon is used to have soup. 那把勺子是用来喝汤的。
【妙辨异同】used to, be used to doing, be used to do, be used for, be used as与be used by
①“某人 + used to + 动词原形”表示“某人过去常做某事(但现在不做了)”,是过去时态;
②“某人 + be/get(s) used to + 动词ing”表示“某人习惯于做某事”,通常是一般现在时;
③“某物 + be used to + 动词原形”表示“某物被用于做某事”,它和be used for sth./doing sth.都可以表示“被用来……”(表目的);
④be used as表示“作为……被使用”或“(被)用作……”,后面接名词,强调使用的工具及手段;
⑤be used by表示“由……使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。如:
I used to collect stamps, but now I am used to drawing. 我过去常常集邮,但是现在我习惯画画。
Wood can be used to make paper. 木材可以被用来造纸。
The knife is used to cut apples. = The knife is used for cutting apples. 小刀被用来切苹果。
A knife is used as a tool. 小刀被用作一种工具。
4.make的用法
如:
She made her own wedding dress. 她的婚纱是自己做的。
Let’s make it half past two. 让我们把时间约定在2:30吧。
Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使我们感到更自信。
We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。
We made him captain of our football team. 我们选他作我们足球队的队长。
I explained again to make myself understood. 为了使别人听懂,我又解释了一遍。
The highspeed train makes it easier for me to go home. 高铁使得回家对我而言变得更容易。
常用搭配
make mistakes = make a mistake 犯错误
make a difference to… 对……产生影响
make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事
make a face = make faces 做鬼脸
make a decision = make decisions 做决定
make progress 取得进步
make a phone call 打电话
make one’s bed 铺床
make a living 谋生
make a noise 发出噪声
make a promise 作出承诺
make sure 确保
make friends (with sb.) (与某人)交朋友
5.It’s+adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.句型
(1)It’s+adj.+(for sb.) +to do sth.,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语,句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。如:It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。
(2)It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.,意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。如:It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我,真是太善良了。
②【用法详解】must情态动词,意为“一定;肯定”,表示有把握的、肯定的推测,后跟动词__原形__。must be表示“一定是;必定是”。
Eg. He must live near here. 他一定住在这附近。
The light is still on, so he must be at home. 灯还亮着,所以他一定在家。
【拓展延伸】表示有把握的、否定的推测用can’t,意为“不可能”,而must的否定形式 mustn’t ,则表示禁止,不表示否定的推测。
Eg.It can’t be my book. Mine is a bit newer. 这不可能是我的书,我的稍微新一点。
Children mustn’t play with fire. 孩子们不能玩火。(强调禁止此行为)
6.反意疑问句
【用法详解】重点:这是一个反意疑问句,反意疑问句的结构为:
肯定的陈述句
+
否定的附加问句(be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语)
“前 肯 后 否 ”
否定的陈述句
+
肯定的附加问句(be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语)
“前 否 后 肯 ”
Eg.You are from Australia, aren't you?
肯定 否定
Jack doesn't live in Guilin, does he?
否定 肯定
【注意】反意疑问句前后两部分的主语在人称和数方面要保持一致,be动词、助动词或情态动词也要保持一致。
Eg.She doesn’t like shopping, does she? 她不喜欢购物,是吗?
He can’t speak French, can he? 他不会说法语,对吗?
【拓展延伸】
(1)反意疑问句的回答: ① 答语都要与事实情况一致。
② 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+肯定结构.
否定回答:No, 主语+否定结构.
③ 当陈述部分是否定句时,答语中的Yes译为“不”,No译为“是”.
Eg. --- You don’t like classical music, do you ?
--- Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
不,我喜欢。 / 是的,我不喜欢。
(2)陈述句部分含有nothing、never、hardly等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问句用肯定形式。
Eg.You hardly understand me, do you? 你几乎不理解我,是吗?
7.辨析buy, sell与sale
词汇
意义及用法
buy
动词,意为“买”。buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.,“给某人买某物”;buy sth. from sp. “从某处买某物”
sell
动词,意为“卖;出售”。sell sb. sth.或sell sth. to sb.,“把某物卖给某人”;sth. sell(s) well,“某物畅销”;sell out 卖完;售完
sale
名词,意为“出售,销售”。on sale“出售,廉价出售”;for sale“供出售,待售”
如:
①Money can’t buy you happiness. 金钱不能为你买到幸福。
②We sell a lot of these to people like you. 我们把许多这种东西卖给您这样的人。
③Tickets are on sale this week. 本周票降价出售。
8.encourage的用法
encourage为动词,意为“鼓励”。常见搭配:
(1)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
如:They encourage boys to take part in ball games.
他们鼓励男孩们参加球类比赛。
(2)encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人
如:My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。
9.show的用法
词性
意义及用法
动词
意为“给……看;展示”,show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看(展示)某物”
意为“引,领,带”,show sb. around 意为“带某人参观某地”
意为“表示,显露”,show up意为“出现,露面”,show off意为“炫耀”
名词
意为“演出;节目;展览,展览会”,talk show意为“访谈节目”,on show意为“展览;陈列”
10.interest的用法
11.too... to...结构
(1)too +adj.+(for sb.)+ to do sth. 意为“(对某人来说)太……以致不能做某事”。
(2)too... to...结构可与so... that...结构进行转换,也可与not... enough to do...结构换用。如:
The bag is too small to hold all these books.
= The bag is so small that it can’t hold all these books.
= The bag is not big enough to hold all these books.这个包太小了,装不下所有的这些书。
12.explain的用法
(1)explain为动词,意为“解释;说明”。常见用法如下:
搭配及意义
例句
explain (sth.) to sb. 向某人解释(某事)
The teacher explained the problem to the whole class.
这位老师向全班同学解释了这个问题。
explain to sb. who/how/...
She explained to them what to do in an emergency.
她向他们说明了紧急情况下应采取的行动。
explain+宾语从句/特殊疑问词+不定式(短语)
Well, that doesn’t explain why you didn’t phone.
噢,那不是你不打电话的理由。
(2)explain的名词形式为explanation,意为“解释;说明;阐述”。
13.so that
(1)so that可以用来引导目的状语从句,表示“以便为了”,从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词,此时可与in order that互换。如,
I spend more time learning English every day so that/in order that I can make greater progress this year.为了今年取得更大进步,我每天用更多的时间学英语。
(2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,从句中一般不用can和may等词,在so that前可以用逗号,意思是“因此。所以”。此时不能与in order that互换。如:
Yesterday morning I got up early, so that I caught the first bus.
昨天早上我起床很早,因此,我赶上了早班车。
辨析·运用
so... that...与 such... that...
① so... that...意为“如此……以至于……”
引导结果状语从句.so是副词,常用来修饰形容词或副词。so...that..常用的句型结构有:
•so+形容词/副词+that从句;
•so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句;
•so +many/few+名词复数+that从句;
• so + much/little +不可数名词+that 从句。如:
The teacher is so kind that we all like him.这个老师非常和蔼,我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣,我们都喜欢看。
There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all. 食物太多了,我们吃不完。
I have so little money that I can't afford a car.我的钱太少,买不起车。
2 such .. that.意为“如此……以至于……”。连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so...that...意思相同,但用法不同。so...that...结构中,so后边可用形容词或副词,而such... that...
结构中such后边要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带)。such... that...常用的句型结构有:
• such +形容词+名词复数+that从句:
• such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that 从句;
•such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句。如:
They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣,我们都喜欢看。
She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.
她是这么可爱的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗户用力很大,玻璃都震碎了。
14.one of
【用法详解】重点:“one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词”表示在某一范围内“最……的……之一”。
Eg.Mary is one of the tallest students in our class. 玛丽是我们班最高的学生之一。
【拓展延伸】“one of the +复数名词”意为“……中的一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用 单数 (单数/复数)形式。
Eg.One of the girls is my sister. 这群女孩当中有一个是我妹妹。
15.keep的用法
【易混辨析】重点:borrow, lend与keep
单词
含义
用法
图解助记
borrow
借;借入
(主语借进)
borrow sth. from sb. “向某人借某物”
lend
(过去式lent)
借给;借出
(主语借出)
lend sb. sth. “借某物给某人”
= lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人”
keep
保存;保留
延续动词,表示借用的时间长度,与for +一段时间及how long连用(指借一段时间)
Eg.He borrowed a lot of money from me. 他从我这儿借了很多钱。
Could you lend me your bike? = Could you lend your bike to me? 你可以借给我你的自行车吗?
I wanted to borrow a bike from my friend but he didn’t lend it to me, because Jane kept it for two days. 我想借用朋友的自行车,但他没借给我,因为简已经借走它两天了。
16.It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.句型
句型
意义
It’s time (for sb.)to do sth.
到(某人)该做某事的时间了。
It’s time for sth.
该做某事了。
It’s the/one’s+序数词+time+to do sth.
某人第几次做某事。
如:
①The new year is coming, and it’s time for us to make New Year’s resolutions.
新年就要到了,是我们做新年计划的时候了。
②It’s 12 o’clock now. It’s time for lunch. 现在12点了。该吃午饭了。
③It’s her first time to visit the Great Wall.这是她第一次参观长城。
单元写作素材及满分范文
√单元写作任务
单元主题:Great Ideas 奇思妙想,发明创造;核心语法:被动语态(一般过去时被动)。中考高频写作题型:建议类说明文 / 事物介绍类。
两大高频考题方向:
① How to Become an Inventor(如何成为一名发明家):介绍培养创造力、做出发明的方法;
② My Favourite Invention(我最喜欢的发明):介绍一项伟大发明,说明发明者、用途、对生活的影响。
写作要求:词数 80–120 词;行文条理清晰,多用顺序连接词;被动语态为本单元核心得分点。
写作主线:开篇引入发明 / 创意的重要性 → 主体列举方法 / 介绍发明信息 → 结尾感悟、号召。
√素材积累——话题词汇
核心单词
1. invent v. 发明;创造
2. invention n. 发明物
3. inventor n. 发明家
4. creative adj. 有创造力的
5. create v. 创造
6. solve v. 解决
7. develop v. 发展;研发
8. practical adj. 实用的
9. convenient adj. 方便的
10. doubt v. 怀疑
11. curiosity n. 好奇心
12. test v. 测试;检验
13. improve v. 改进;改善
14. spread v. 传播;扩散
15. material n. 材料
核心短语(单元必背)
1. be invented by 由…… 发明
2. be made of 由…… 制成(看得出原材料)
3. be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
4. by accident 偶然,意外地
5. lead to 导致;通向
6. bring about 引起;造成
7. solve the problem 解决问题
8. all kinds of 各种各样的
9. take…as examples 以…… 为例
10. think of /come up with 想出(主意)
11. keep on doing sth 坚持做某事
12. give up 放弃
13. make improvements 做出改进
14. broaden one’s minds 开阔眼界
15. one of the four great inventions 四大发明之一
16. make an invention 完成一项发明
17. depend on 依靠;取决于
18. search online for sth 上网搜索某物
√素材积累——话题金句
1. Every great invention comes from a simple great idea.
每一项伟大发明都源于一个简单的奇思妙想。(开篇万能句✅)
2. Many great inventions were invented to solve people’s problems.
许多伟大发明是为了解决人们的难题而被创造出来的。(被动语态单元核心句)
3. If we want to be creative, we should keep curious about the world.
如果我们想要富有创造力,就要对世界保持好奇心。
4. First of all, we should find problems in our daily life.
首先,我们应该在日常生活中发现问题。(建议类作文衔接句)
5. Not only do inventions bring us convenience, but they push society forward.
发明不仅带给我们便利,还推动社会进步。(高分倒装句型)
6. When we meet difficulties, we should keep trying instead of giving up.
遇到困难时,我们应当坚持尝试,而不是放弃。
7. We can search for information online to help us make improvements.
我们可以上网查找资料,帮助我们做出改进。
8. As teenagers, we should learn more knowledge and dare to think.
作为青少年,我们应该学习更多知识,敢于思考。(结尾升华句✅)
√俗语谚语
1. Need is the mother of invention.需求是发明之母。
2. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
3. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
√写作典例及思路
考题一:How to Become an Inventor(建议类,单元课本写作任务)
第一段:总起,创意与发明很重要,人人都可以成为发明家。
第二段:分点提建议。First of all / Next / What’s more / Finally,用顺序词,写保持好奇、发现生活问题、不断尝试、永不放弃。
第三段:号召,多学习知识,敢于想象。
范文 1(基础满分版,适合中等学生,词数 105)
How to Become an Inventor
Every great invention comes from a simple great idea. Everyone can be an inventor if we try.
First of all, we should keep curious about the world and ask questions in daily life. Next, try to find problems around us, because most inventions are made to solve problems. What’s more, we can read books or search online for useful information to turn our ideas into real things. Never give up when we fail.We can learn from mistakes and make improvements.
As teenagers, we should study hard and dare to think. I believe we can come up with our own great ideas one day.
> ✨亮点标注
> Every great invention comes from a simple great idea(开篇万能句)
> keep curious about the world(保持好奇心)
> search online for useful information(单元短语)
> Never give up when we fail(建议类高分表达)
考题二:My Favourite Invention(事物介绍类,中考高频)
第一段:点题,我最喜欢的发明是什么。
第二段:介绍它由谁发明、用途,给生活带来的改变,用被动语态。
第三段:个人感受,发明改变世界。
范文 2(拔高版,适合尖子生,词数 118,句式丰富)
My Favourite Invention
Of all the inventions in history, paper-making is my favourite. It is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.
It was invented by Cai Lun hundreds of years ago. It was used for recording knowledge and passing down culture at first. Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy things. Paper made it much easier for people to spread knowledge.
Not only does it bring convenience to people, but it also helps our culture last for thousands of years.It has greatly changed the world.
I’m proud of this great invention. It tells us that great ideas can change our life. We should keep creative and keep thinking.
> ✨亮点标注
> one of the four great inventions of ancient China(文化类高分短语)
> was invented by / was used for(单元核心被动语态)
> Not only does it…, but it also…(倒装高分句型)
> passing down culture 传承文化
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Units 1~3 重点单词短语句型&易错点&写作素材范文
Unit 1 The Changing World
核心单词及变形
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1. leisure (n.) 休闲活动;空闲,闲暇
→ _______________ (adj./adv.) 悠闲的;悠闲地
2. treatment (n.) 治疗;疗法;诊治
→ _______________ (v.) 治疗;对待;款待
3. achievement (n.) 成就;功绩
→ _______________ (v.) 实现;取得;完成
→ _______________ (adj.) 可实现的
4. international (adj.) 国际的
→ _______________ (n.) 国家;民族
→ _______________ (adj.) 国家的;民族的
→ _______________ (adv.) 在国际上
5. narrow (adj.) 狭窄的
→ _______________ (v.) (使)变窄
→ _______________ (adv.) 勉强地;狭窄地
→ _______________ (n.) 狭窄
6. block (n.) 街区;大楼 v. 堵塞,阻挡
→ _______________ (adj.) 堵塞的
→ _______________ (n.) 堵塞物;阻塞
7. improvement (n.) 改善;改进
→ _______________ (v.) 改善;提高
→ _______________ (adj.) 改进的
→ _______________ (adj.) 改良中的
8. pleasure (n.) 高兴;快乐;愉快
→ _______________ (v.) 使高兴;取悦
→ _______________ (adj.) 感到高兴的
→ _______________ (adj.) 令人愉快的
9. conclusion (n.) 结论,推论
→ _______________ (v.) 推断;结束
→ _______________ (adj.) 决定性的;确凿的
10. amusement (n.) 娱乐活动;游戏
→ _______________ (v.) 使发笑;使娱乐
→ _______________ (adj.) 感到好笑的
→ _______________ (adj.) 有趣的,引人发笑的
11. agreement (n.) 协议;协定;同意;一致
→ _______________ (v.) 同意;赞成
→ _______________ (v.) 不同意
→ _______________ (adj.) 宜人的;赞同的
12. pollute (v.) 污染
→ _______________ (n.) 污染
→ _______________ (adj.) 被污染的
→ _______________ (n.) 污染者
13. childhood (n.) 童年;幼年;孩童时期
→ _______________ (n.) 孩子
→ _______________ (pl.) 孩子们
→ _______________ (adj.) 幼稚的;孩子气的
14. excite (v.) 使激动;使兴奋
→ _______________ (adj.) 感到兴奋的
→ _______________ (adj.) 令人兴奋的
→ _______________ (n.) 兴奋;激动
15. happiness (n.) 快乐;高兴
→ _______________ (adj.) 开心的
→ _______________ (adv.) 开心地
→ _______________ (adj.) 不开心的
16. remain (v.) 仍然是;保持不变;剩余
→ _______________ (adj.) 剩余的
→ _______________ (n.) 剩余物;遗迹
17. comfort (n.) 安慰;慰藉;舒服 v. 安慰;宽慰
→ _______________ (adj.) 舒适的
→ _______________ (adv.) 舒适地
→ _______________ (adj.) 不舒服的
18. recently (adv.) 不久前,最近
→ _______________ (adj.) 最近的
19. familiar (adj.) 熟悉的;常见到的
→ _______________ (n.) 熟悉;通晓
→ _______________ (adj.) 不熟悉的
20. entertainment (n.) 娱乐活动;娱乐
→ _______________ (v.) 使娱乐;招待
→ _______________ (adj.) 有趣的;令人愉快的
21. complete (v.) 完成,结束 adj. 完整的
→ _______________ (adv.) 完全地
→ _______________ (n.) 完成;竣工
22. probably (adv.) 几乎肯定;很可能
→ _______________ (adj.) 很可能的
→ _______________ (n.) 可能性
23. false (adj.) 错误的;不真实的
→ _______________ (adv.) 错误地
→ _______________ (n.) 虚假
重点短语
1. ___________________ 生活条件
2. ___________________ 休闲活动
3. ___________________ 医疗
4. ___________________ 过去常常
5. ___________________ 免费的
6. ___________________ 在过去
7. ___________________ 与… 取得联系
8. ___________________ 关于… 产生变化
9. ___________________ 住在乡下
10. ___________________ 发生;进行
11. ___________________ 搬到这里
12. ___________________ 顺便问一下
13. ___________________ 习惯于做…
14. ___________________ 高兴做…
15. ___________________ 四处走动;逛一逛
16. ___________________ 忙于…
17. ___________________ 体育中心
18. ___________________ 长大成人
19. ___________________ 玩捉迷藏
20. ___________________ 看露天电影
21. ___________________ 听广播
22. ___________________ 下棋或打牌
23. ___________________ 上网
24. ___________________ 玩得开心
25. ___________________ 谈论
26. ___________________ 和父母同住
27. ___________________ 吃饭
28. ___________________ 独自居住
29. ___________________ 有时间吃早饭
30. ___________________ 不得不说
31. ___________________ 去实体店购物
32. ___________________ 网上购物
33. ___________________ 发生
34. ___________________ 上网课
35. ___________________ 高铁
36. ___________________ 医疗;医疗卫生
37. ___________________ 取得巨大进步
38. ___________________ 自改革开放以来
39. ___________________ 世界第二大经济体
40. ___________________ 将… 送入…
41. ___________________
在… 中发挥越来越重要的作用
42. ___________________ 维护世界和平
43. ___________________ 与… 做斗争
44. ___________________ 自然灾害
45. ___________________ 以… 为例
46. ___________________ 很长时间
47. ___________________ 挤进…
48. ___________________ 待在家
49. ___________________ 休闲活动
50. ___________________ 成片现代化公寓
51. ___________________ 地铁线路
52. ___________________ 和某人聊天
53. ___________________ 玩得开心
54. ___________________ 在那时
55. ___________________ 无论如何
56. ___________________ 跟上;与时俱进
57. ___________________ 一片;一组;一群
58. ___________________ 一套…
59. ___________________ 在当今的世界
60. ___________________ 闲暇时间
61. ___________________ 随着… 的改善
62. ___________________ 在某方面取得巨大成就
63. ___________________ 建立一个体育中心
64. ___________________ 关闭
65. ___________________ 变成
66. ___________________ 使某人想起…
67. ___________________ 好几天
68. ___________________ 从某处返回
69. ___________________ 指有计划、有安排的发生
70. ___________________ 想要做..
71. ___________________ 留在某人的心底
72. ___________________ 面对挑战
73. ___________________ 不再
74. ___________________ 感到熟悉
75. ___________________ 遍及全世界
76. ___________________ 露天电影
77. ___________________ 下象棋
78. ___________________ 在某人的日常生活中
79. ___________________ 与… 不同
80. ___________________ 航模社团
81. ___________________ 过去常常做…
82. ___________________ 随着社会发展
83. ___________________ 看露天电影
84. ___________________ 各个年龄段
85. ___________________ 觉得某事令人难忘
86. ___________________ 闲逛
87. ___________________ 野餐
88. ___________________ 划船
89. ___________________ 有更多选择…
90. ___________________ 支付得起.....
91. ___________________ 远离
92. ___________________ 在周末
93. ___________________ 自驾游
94. ___________________ 开私家车
95. ___________________ 出国
96. ___________________ 持续做某事
97. ___________________ 因… 而闻名
98. ___________________ 站在… 上面
99. ___________________ 看日出
100. ___________________ 沿着… 走;顺着… 走
101. ___________________ 无论什么
102. ___________________ 关心;在乎
103. ___________________ 高速铁路
104. ___________________ 沿途;旅途途中
105. ___________________ 互相交流,沟通
106. ___________________ 信息时代
107. ___________________ 和某人完整交谈一番
108. ___________________ 有点
109. ___________________ 发消息;传递信息
110. ___________________ 分享想法与感受
111. ___________________ 与… 联系;和… 沟通
112. ___________________ 通过多种不同方式
113. ___________________ 更糟糕的是
114. ___________________ 接收虚假信息
115. ___________________ 代替;而不是
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必背句型
1.Public transportation _____________________and difficult, but _____________________.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦,但现在又快又方便。
2.In the past, few children _____________________, but now all children can go to school______________.过去,很少有孩子有机会接受教育,但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。
3.Leisure activities in the past were simple and people _____________________, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单,人们的选择也很少,但现在,这些活动变得丰富多彩了。
4._____________________________? 过去的通信方式是什么样的?
→ It was slow and difficult, and people could only ____________________.又慢又困难,人们只能写信或打电话。
5.What has _____________________ communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化?
→We can _____________________so easily _____________________. 通过现代通信,我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。
6._____________________你什么时候搬到这儿的?→Three months ago.三个月前。
7._____________________ by bus now.现在坐公交车去那儿很方便。
8.By the way, have you _____________________ the life in the city?顺便问一下,你习惯这座城市的生活了吗?
9._____________________ in the city?你在城里四处逛过吗?
→Not yet. I _____________________ my studies.还没有,我一直忙着学习。
10._____________________ together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样?
→Sounds great.听起来很棒。
11.I often _____________________with my friends.我以前经常和朋友们玩捉迷藏。
12.I also _____________________, _____________________ and played chess or cards.
我还看过露天电影,听过收音机,下过棋或打过牌。
13.In the past, I _____________________, but today I can shop online.
过去,我都是去实体店购物,但现在我可以在网上买东西了。
14.Great changes _____________________ in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
15.China has _____________________education, transportation and medical care.中国在教育、交通和医疗保健方面取得了长足进步。
16.China is_____________________international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and _____________________.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用,例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。
17.I have lived in Beijing _____________________,so I can feel how greatly life has changed in this city.
我在北京生活了很长时间,所以我能深切感受到这座城市生活发生了多么巨大的变化。
18. In the past, big families _____________________ small houses.
过去,大家庭都挤在狭小的房子里。
19.People can _____________________ each other or _____________________ on their smartphones.
人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。
20.____________,we should keep up with the changing world.无论如何,我们都应该跟上这个不断变化的世界。
21.People used to go to work by bike or by bus.人们过去常骑自行车或乘公交车上班。
22.Now people can _____________________in the new amusement park near their community.
现在人们可以在社区附近的新游乐园里度过他们的空闲时间。
23._____________________ the environment,people now lead a better life than before.
随着环境的改善,人们现在过着比以前更好的生活。
24.In recent years,China has _____________________ science and technology.
近年来,中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大成就。
25.I haven't seen you for _____________________ days. 我有好几天没见到你了。
26.Where have you been?你去哪儿了?
→I have just _____________________ my hometown.我刚从我的家乡回来。
27.By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya _________?顺便问一下,你最近见过小雅吗?
→No, she_____________________Guangzhou with her parents.没有,她和她的父母一起去广州了。
28.My leisure activities _____________________ my father's.我的休闲活动与我父亲的不同。
29.Now, I'm in a _____________________.现在,我在一个模型飞机俱乐部里。
30.He used to read newspapers and paper books.他过去常常读报纸和纸质书。
31.In the past,____________________was a popular and exciting leisure activity for people __________________.在过去,户外看电影是一项老少皆宜的、受欢迎且令人兴奋的休闲活动。
32.Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.
大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。
33.Many of them loved to go to the parks.他们中许多人喜欢去公园。
34.Now,people _____________________ leisure activities.如今,人们有了更多的休闲活动选择。
35.Many people can afford to travel to many different places _____________________their homes.
许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。
36.On weekends,families can go on road trips _____________________.
在周末,家庭可以开着自己的车去公路旅行。
37.But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same.
但无论我们说什么语言,我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。
38.The high-speed railway shows how much china has developed _____________________.
高铁展现了中国自改革开放以来取得了多大的发展。
39.How do people _____________________ each other in the information era?
在信息时代,人们如何相互交流?
40.With them,we can _____________________ without saying what we mean.
有了它们,我们可以不用说出字面意思就能分享彼此的想法和感受。
单元易错点归纳
1、change (动词 & 名词,双词性高频词)
(1)change作动词,意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”,change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如:
That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。
I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。
(2) change是行为动词,通常用副词修饰。例如:
You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来,你改变了许多。
Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。
(3)change作名词,意为“变化,改变”。例如:
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。
(4)表示“零钱、找头”,是不可数名词。例如:
When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时,不要忘记找给你的钱。
I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。
名词固定搭配
1. for a change 换换口味;换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革
2.used to
used to 意为“过去常常”,表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不再发生或不存在,侧重于过去与现在的对比。
【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth.
辨析
意义及用法
used to do sth.
意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”,to 为不定式符号,后接动词原形,只用于过去时态。
be used to (doing) sth.
意为“习惯于(做)某事”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
be used to do sth.
意为“被用来做某事”,是被动语态,不定式表示目的。
3.【妙辨异同】accept/receive
辨析
意义及用法
图解助记
accept
意为“接受”,指主观上愿意接受,如idea, praise等。
receive
意为“收到;接收”,指客观上收到,如gift, letter等,但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。
【注意】
receive还可表示“接见;接待”。
I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。
4.choose
【精讲】choose*
choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: chose
1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容)
choose from ... 从...中选择(有范围)
choose to do sth. 选择去做某事
choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为...
2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西
have no choice 没有选择的余地
make a choice 做出选择
*3.can't choose but do sth
= have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择,只好...
5.get in touch
短语
含义
使用场景
get in touch with sb
主动去联络、建立联系
很久没见、有事找对方
stay in touch (with sb)
保持联系
日常持续往来
keep in touch (with sb)
保持联系(和 stay 通用)
写信、微信经常沟通
lose touch (with sb)
失去联系
断联,很久不往来
例句对比:
1. Please get in touch with me if you need help.需要帮忙就联系我。
2. We still stay in touch after graduation.毕业后我们依旧保持联系。
3. I lost touch with my primary classmates.我和小学同学失去联系了。
高频拓展搭配
1. be in touch (with sb)(状态)和某人有联系
例:We are in touch every week. 我们每周都联系。
2. put sb in touch with sb牵线,介绍两人认识联系
例:My teacher put me in touch with that writer.老师帮我联系上了那位作家
6.how about
【探究】在日常交际中,向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种:
(1)“Let's+动词原形.”意为 咱们……吧;
(2)“Shall we+动词原形?”意为“我们……好吗?”
(3)“What/How about+.ing/名词/代词宾格?”意为“……怎么样?” ;
(4)“Why don't we/you+动词原形?”或“Why not+动词原形?”意为“为什么不……呢?”
(5)“Would you like (to do)…?”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗;?”
(6)“Would/Will you please+动词原形?”意为“请你……好吗?”
7.take place
take place 为不及物动词短语,无被动语态。
The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。
【妙辨异同】happen/take place
辨析
意义及用法
相同点
happen
意为“发生”,强调事情发生的偶然性。
无被动语态
take place
意为“发生”,常指预期/预定的事情发生。
8.enjoy oneself “玩得高兴,过得愉快”
enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。
We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。
【考向】【易错点】
enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时,只能用动名词形式,不能跟不定式。
He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。
You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。
9.【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in
辨析
意义及用法
have been to
意为“去过某地”,强调去过但已回来,常与频度副词或ever连用。
have gone to
意为“去了某地”,强调去了但还未回来。
have been in
意为“待在某地”,表示状态,常与一段时间连用。
【注意】
(1)与一段时间连用时,只能用have been in,不能用have been/gone to。
(2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词,如here, there, home等时,介词to省略。
10.consider作动词,意为“仔细考虑;认为,觉得”。常见用法如下:
11.experience
单词
词性
含义
可数性
例句
experience
名词
经验
不可数 U
She has much experience.
experience
名词
经历
可数 C,复数 experiences
That’s a terrible experience.
experience
动词
经历、体验
无单复数
We experienced difficulties.
experienced
形容词
有经验的
修饰人
an experienced teacher
12.afford的用法:
13. care vi vt. &.关心,关注,在意
care的常用短语:
【拓展】care还可以作名词,意为“小心;照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的;仔细的)和 careless(粗心的);对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地;仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。
14. since
since可作连词,引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句常用完成时。例如:
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
【拓展】
since还可以作介词,连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如:
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
单元写作素材及满分范文
√单元写作任务
本单元话题:The Changing World 变化的世界,核心语法为现在完成时 + used to 今昔对比。单元书面表达高频考题:Great Changes in My Hometown / Changes in Our Life。
写作要求:写一篇短文,对比家乡 / 生活过去与现在的变化,可从居住、交通、通讯、教育、医疗等角度描述;最后表达个人感受、展望未来。词数 80–120 词,说明文,第一人称。
写作核心逻辑:过去(used to)→现在(现在完成时)→个人感受 + 展望,重点突出今昔对比,是福建中考高频书面表达题型。
> 写作提示:时态区分!过去用一般过去时 /used to;强调从过去持续到现在的变化,用现在完成时。
√素材积累——话题词汇
核心单词
1. develop v. 发展
2. rapid adj. 迅速的
3. progress n. 进步
4. condition n. 条件;状况
5. communication n. 通讯;交流
6. satisfy v. 使满足
7. medical adj. 医疗的
8. modern adj. 现代的
9. convenient adj. 方便的
10. improve v. 改善,提高
11. population n. 人口
12. relative n. 亲戚,亲属
核心短语(单元必背)
1. great changes have taken place 发生巨大变化
2. used to do sth 过去常常做某事
3. living conditions 生活条件
4. keep in touch with 与…… 保持联系
5. in the past 在过去
6. at present /nowadays 如今;现在
7. with the development of… 随着…… 的发展
8. receive a good education 接受良好教育
9. medical care 医疗服务
10. make progress 取得进步
11. satisfy people’s needs 满足人们的需求
12. take place 发生
13. more and more 越来越……
14. not only…but also… 不仅…… 而且……
15. in order to 为了
√素材积累——话题金句
1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in recent years.
近年来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(开篇万能句✅)
2. People used to live in small old houses, but now they live in big bright buildings.
人们过去住在老旧的小房子里,但是现在住进宽敞明亮的楼房。
3. With the rapid development of our country, people’s living conditions have improved a lot.
随着国家的快速发展,人们的生活条件已经极大改善。
4. It is much easier for us to keep in touch with relatives by mobile phones or the Internet.
我们用手机或网络和亲戚保持联系方便多了。
5. Children can study not only in modern schools but also online.
孩子们不仅可以在现代化学校学习,还可以网上学习。
6. What’s more, people can enjoy better medical care than before.
而且,人们可以享受到比以前更好的医疗服务。
7. I am proud of these amazing changes. I believe our life will become better and better.
我为这些惊人的变化感到自豪,我相信我们的生活会越来越好。(结尾万能句✅)
8. Great progress has been made in transportation.
交通方面已经取得巨大进步。
√俗语谚语
1. Time changes everything.时光改变一切。
2. Every day brings a new change.日新月异。
3. Small steps make big changes.点滴努力,造就巨变。
√写作典例及思路
写作思路(三段式模板)
第一段:总起,点明家乡 / 生活发生巨大变化(开篇点题)
第二段:对比。In the past…(过去);Now/Nowadays…(现在),从住房、交通、通讯、教育选 2–3 个角度写,用上 used to、现在完成时
第三段:个人感受 + 展望未来(升华主题)
范文 1(基础满分版,适合中等学生,词数 102)
Great Changes in My Hometown
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years.
In the past, people used to live in small old houses. The roads were narrow and dirty. People went out on foot or by bike. They kept in touch with others by writing letters.
Now things are quite different. Many tall buildings have appeared. Roads are wide and clean. People can take buses, subways or drive cars. They keep in touch with relatives by mobile phones or WeChat. Children can receive good education and people enjoy better medical care.
With the development of our country, our life is getting better and better.I feel proud of these changes. I hope my hometown will become more beautiful in the future.
> ✨亮点标注:
> Great changes have taken place(开篇高分句型)
> used to live(单元核心短语,今昔对比)
> keep in touch with relatives(课本原短语)
> With the development of our country(万能加分状语)
范文 2(拔高版,适合尖子生,词数 116,句式更丰富)
Changes in Our Life
Our world is changing all the time. Our life has changed greatly in the past decades.
Years ago, most families used to have little food and few clothes. People lived in poor houses. It was hard for kids to receive good education. People could only communicate with their relatives by sending letters.
But now, people’s living conditions have improved rapidly. We have enough food and all kinds of clothes. Not only can we live in comfortable houses, but we can also travel around easily. The Internet helps us communicate with others anytime and anywhere. We can enjoy good medical care as well.
I am surprised at these amazing changes. As teenagers, we should study hard and make our world even better.
> ✨亮点标注:
> has changed greatly in the past decades(现在完成时高级表达)
> used to have little food and few clothes(过去对比)
> Not only can we…, but we can also…(部分倒装,中考高分句型)
> As teenagers, we should…(结尾升华,表达观点)
Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home
核心单词及变形
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1. pollution (n.) 污染
→ _______________ (v.) 污染
→ _______________ (adj.) 被污染的
2. awareness (n.) 认识;知道;意识;兴趣
→ _______________ (adj.) 意识到的;知道的
→ _______________ (adj.) 未意识到的
3. sort (v.) 把…… 分类;整理 n. 种类;类别
→ _______________ (adj.) 分类好的
4. journalist (n.) 新闻记者;新闻工作者
→ _______________ (n.) 日记;期刊
→ _______________ (n.) 新闻业;新闻工作
5. interview (v./n.) 采访;面试
→ _______________ (n.) 采访者;面试官
→ _______________ (n.) 受访者;被面试者
6. environmental (adj.) 自然环境的
→ _______________ (n.) 环境
→ _______________ (adv.) 在环境方面
7. organization (n.) 组织;团体;机构
→ _______________ (v.) 组织
→ _______________ (adj.) 有条理的
→ _______________ (n.) 组织者
8. recycle (v.) 回收利用;再利用
→ _______________ (n.) 回收
→ _______________ (adj.) 可回收的
9. donate (v.) 捐赠,赠送
→ _______________ (n.) 捐赠;捐款
→ _______________ (n.) 捐赠人
10. charity (n.) 慈善机构;慈善事业
→ _______________ (adj.) 慈善的;仁爱的
11. negative (adj.) 坏的;有害的 n. 否定;负数
→ _______________ (adv.) 消极地;负面地
12. blood (n.) 血
→ _______________ (v.) 流血(过去式 bled)
→ _______________ (adj.) 流血的
13. correctly (adv.) 准确无误地;正确地;恰当地
→ _______________ (adj.) 正确的 v. 纠正
→ _______________ (n.) 改正;修正
→ _______________ (adj.) 错误的
14. cooperate (v.) 合作;协作
→ _______________ (n.) 合作
→ _______________ (adj.) 合作的
→ _______________ (n.) 合作者
15. found (v.) 创建,创办
→ _______________ (n.) 基础;基金会
→ _______________ (n.) 创立者
16. award (v.) 授予;颁发 n. 奖;奖品
→ _______________ (adj.) 被授予的
17. honour (honor AmE) (n./v.) 尊敬,尊重
→ _______________ (adj.) 光荣的;可敬的
→ _______________ (adj.) 荣幸的
18. introduction (n.) 介绍;序言;引言;导论
→ _______________ (v.) 介绍;引进
19. suffer (v.) (因疾病、痛苦等) 受苦,受折磨;遭受
→ _______________ (n.) 痛苦;苦难 adj. 受苦的
→ _______________ (n.) 受难者;患者
20. packaging (n.) 外包装;包装材料
→ _______________ (n.) 包裹 v. 打包
→ _______________ (adj.) 打包好的
21. cloth (n.) 织物;布料
→ _______________ (n.) 衣服
→ _______________ (n.) 服装(总称)
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重点短语
1. ___________________ 环境保护
2. ___________________ 各类污染
3. ___________________ 光污染
4. ___________________ 空气污染
5. ___________________ 土壤污染
6. ___________________ 噪音污染
7. ___________________ 水污染
8. ___________________ 建立;设立
9. ___________________ 努力做……
10. ___________________ 对…… 有害
11. ___________________ 采取行动做…
12. ___________________ 一篇关于… 的文章
13. ___________________ 砍倒;削减
14. ___________________ 安家
15. ___________________ 绿色出行
16. ___________________ 垃圾分类
17. ___________________ 节约能源
18. ___________________ 环保组织
19. ___________________ 利用
20. ___________________ 用另一种方式
21. ___________________ 把某物捐赠给…
22. ___________________ 把… 变成…
23. ___________________ 废纸
24. ___________________ 关掉
25. ___________________ 捡起
26. ___________________ 扔掉
27. ___________________ 把… 倒入
28. ___________________ 产生噪音
29. ___________________ 对某人伤害很大
30. ___________________ 对… 产生影响
31. ___________________ 高血压
32. ___________________ 心脏病
33. ___________________ 以… 为依据,基于…
34. ___________________ 对… 很重要
35. ___________________ 举办活动
36. ___________________ …… 的起因
37. ___________________ 与… 作斗争
38. ___________________ 土地沙化
39. ___________________ 植树
40. ___________________ 从那以后
41. ___________________ 向某人征求建议
42. ___________________ 向… 学习
43. ___________________ 从头再来
44. ___________________ 带领某人做某事
45. ___________________ 保护… 免受… 伤害
46. ___________________ 赚钱
47. ___________________ 为表彰…;纪念…
48. ___________________ 年复一年
49. ___________________ 躺在功劳簿上
50. ___________________ 持续付出努力
51. ___________________ 治沙、管控风沙
52. ___________________ 沙漠扩张
53. ___________________ 做某事的方法
54. ___________________ 清理
55. ___________________ 更多了解
56. ___________________ 采取行动
57. ___________________ 在… 的帮助下
58. ___________________ 全世界
59. ___________________ 扔掉
60. ___________________ …… 的数量
61. ___________________ 分拣;分类
62. ___________________ 悉心照料
63. ___________________ 三思
64. ___________________ 乘坐地铁
65. ___________________ 尽可能多地
66. ___________________ 植树节
67. ___________________ 回收废弃物
68. ___________________ 减少纸张使用
69. ___________________ 停止使用塑料袋
70. ___________________ 首先
71. ___________________ 把… 倒入
72. ___________________ 例如
73. ___________________ …… 的质量
74. ___________________ 因此,结果
75. ___________________ 石油污染
76. ___________________ 也
77. ___________________ 总而言之
78. ___________________ 对… 的威胁
79. ___________________ 人类健康
80. ___________________ 事实上
81. ___________________ 减少厨余垃圾
82. ___________________ 列购物清单
83. ___________________ 拒绝塑料制品
84. ___________________ 一次
85. ___________________ 作为… 而出名
86. ___________________ 根据…
87. ___________________ 大量
88. ___________________ 减缓
89. ___________________ 降低
90. ___________________ 对… 产生巨大影响
91. ___________________ 持续了整整一年
92. ___________________ 参加
93. ___________________ 越来越…
94. ___________________ 现代技术
95. ___________________ 净化空气
96. ___________________ 毕竟
97. ___________________ 努力做某事
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必背句型
1.As the city has made great efforts in ______________ air pollution for these years, people can see much clearer sky now.这些年来,这座城市大力治理空气污染,现在人们能看到清澈得多的天空了。
2.Noise pollution ______________causes many health problems in humans hearing, ______________harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean.噪音污染不仅会给人类听力带来诸多健康问题,还会伤害动物,尤其是海洋里的鲸鱼和海豚。
3.Light pollution can ______________ the health of people and animals. More people are ______________it and bring back the natural sky.
光污染会危害人类和动物的健康。越来越多的人正在采取行动减少光污染,重现自然的夜空。
4.You look serious.______________你神情很严肃,发生什么事了?
→I’ve read an article about water pollution.我读了一篇关于水污染的文章。
5.What does it say?文章说了些什么?
→Unsafe water has made many people sick ______________ few years and water pollution is ____________our health ______________.过去几年里,不安全的水源已经让很多人生病,水污染正威胁着我们的健康。
6.But recently, people have ______________ and I can find a good place to live in and start a family.不过最近人们不再砍伐树木了,我可以找到一个好住处,安家繁衍。
7.I helped spread the message about ______________.我帮忙宣传有关环境保护的理念。
8.The three Rs—______________.三个 R 原则:减量化、再利用、再循环。
9.To reduce means ______________.减量化指尽量少产生垃圾。
10.______________,we can reduce trash by using fewer ______________.例如,我们可以通过少用塑料袋来减少垃圾。
11.Reusing means ______________ something again or in another way, such as using the water from your showers to clean the toilet and _____________________.再利用是指再次或以其他方式使用某物,比如用洗澡水冲厕所,把旧衣服捐赠给慈善机构。
12.When we recycle, we turn ______________ into new products. We can recycle many things in our daily life, ________________________.回收再利用就是把废旧材料加工成新产品。日常生活中有很多东西可以回收,例如纸盒、玻璃瓶等等。
13.I always ______________ when I leave home.我离家的时候总会关掉灯。
14.Long‑lasting or sudden loud noises can ______________people’s hearing and cause hearing problems.持续不断或是突然出现的巨大噪音会严重损害人们的听力,引发听力问题。
15.______________ is very important for environmental protection.垃圾分类对保护环境十分重要。
16.To sort the wastes, we ______ them ______ bins of different colors.
进行垃圾分类时,我们要把垃圾投入不同颜色的垃圾桶。
17.The blue bin ______________ recycling paper and plastics, the green one is for kitchen waste, the red one is for the harmful or dangerous waste and the gray one is for others.蓝色垃圾桶用来回收纸张和塑料,绿色投放厨余垃圾,红色投放有害垃圾,灰色投放其他垃圾。
18.Communities often hold different activities to ______________, and sometimes you can see volunteers help people put the waste into the right bin.社区经常举办各类活动教人们如何垃圾分类,有时还能看到志愿者帮助大家把垃圾投放到对应的垃圾桶里。
19.In northwest China’s Shaanxi Province, a farmer ______________ desert growth for ______________ 40 years. His name is Shi Guangyin.在中国西北部的陕西省,有一位农民与沙漠扩张斗争了四十多年。他叫石光银。
20.______________ has been an environmental problem around the world.沙漠扩张是一个全球性的环境问题。
21.In the 1980s, the Chinese government began to______________ in the northern part of China.20 世纪 80 年代,中国政府开始鼓励人们在中国北方植树。
22.He ______________ some other villagers to plant trees in the desert and started his fighting against desert growth ever since then.他和其他一些村民合作,在沙漠里植树,从那时起便开启了治沙之路。
23.He ______________ and tried to learn from successful experience around the world.
他向专家请教,并且努力借鉴世界各地的成功经验。
24.He founded a sand‑control company and ______________ blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms.他创办了一家治沙公司,带领人们设置沙障,保护树木免受沙尘暴侵袭。
25.A lot more trees survived this time, and the villagers could also______________while fighting to control sands with Shi’s company.这次有更多树木存活下来,村民们跟着石光银的公司治沙的同时,也能赚到一些钱。
26.In 2021, Shi Guangyin received the July 1 Medal______________his efforts to control the desert growth.2021 年,石光银荣获 “七一勋章”,以此表彰他在治沙方面做出的贡献。
27.“We need to continue our efforts, ______________, to protect the environment.” said Shi in an interview.石光银在一次采访中说:“我们要年复一年继续努力,保护环境。”
28.__________________________________.把塑料袋再次用作垃圾袋是个好主意。
29.Scientists have found ______________waste paper into new paper products.
科学家们找到了一种新方法,可以把废纸回收制成新的纸制品。
30.Our community has renewed ______________ the waste along the river.我们社区再次呼吁清理沿河的垃圾。
31.Whenever there is pollution again, we need to ______________.每当污染再次出现,我们就要重新采取行动制止它。
32.After the earthquake, people rebuilt the city ______________.
地震过后,在世界各地的帮助下,人们重建了这座城市。
33.Perhaps, we should ______________this and find a better way to use them.
或许,我们应该重新思考这件事,找到更好的方式来使用它们。
34.I have ______________ all the waste at home for five days.我已经连续五天在家坚持对所有垃圾进行分类。
35.I ______________ an environmental group since the new term began.自从新学期开始,我就加入了一个环保小组。
36.I always _________________, and I also like to reuse paper boxes, plastic cups and many other things.我总是在纸的两面书写,我也喜欢重复利用纸盒、塑料杯以及其他很多物品。
37.In fact, I’ve long ______________before throwing things away.
事实上,我早就养成习惯,丢弃东西之前会再三考虑。
38.I’ve been ______________ our school’s green club for 2 years.我已经担任学校绿色社团的成员两年了。
39.We’ve planted many trees now, and we______________ the trees all the year round.
如今我们已经种了很多树,并且一年四季都细心照料这些树木。
40.I ride my bike or ______________ to and from school.我骑自行车或者乘坐公交车上下学。
41.When I go out, I also take the underground ______________.外出的时候,我也会尽可能乘坐地铁。
42.I think, by doing so, we’re______________.
我认为,通过这样做,我们就在为绿色环保尽自己的一份力量。
43.We have all learned a lot about air pollution ______________Mr. Wang’s geography lesson last week.
自从上周王老师的地理课之后,我们都学到了很多关于空气污染的知识。
44.______________, people have put lots of unclean things into rivers and lakes, such as waste water and rubbish.首先,人们把大量不洁的东西排入江河湖泊,比如废水和垃圾。
45.______________, the natural environment has suffered greatly.结果,自然环境遭受了严重破坏。
46.It has polluted the ocean and harmed plants and animals ______________.它污染了海洋,同时也伤害了动植物。
47.______________, water pollution has become a great danger to human health and the environment.
总而言之,水污染已经对人类健康和环境构成巨大威胁。
48.We need to ______________ and protect our home planet.
我们需要重新审视我们的生活方式,保护我们赖以生存的地球家园。
49.Today, I’d like to ______________ on how to be a greener person in the kitchen.
今天,我想分享一些在厨房如何做环保人士的想法。
50.It can ______________than you really need.这能避免你购买超出实际所需的物品。
51.Scientists have worked hard for years to ______________.
科学家们多年来不懈努力,致力于把沙漠变成森林。
52.By turning deserts into forests, we can help ______________, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms.通过把沙漠改造为森林,我们有助于减缓气候变化、降低气温,减少沙尘暴。
53.It’s about how small things can ______________ protecting the environment.
这讲的是,保护环境时,小事也能产生巨大的影响。
54.We should then______________.然后我们应当尽全力减少污染。
55.As we all know, small acts can ______________, and we can make it happen if we act as one. After all, we have only one home planet in the universe.众所周知,小小行动也能带来巨大改变,只要我们齐心协力,就可以做到。毕竟,宇宙中我们只有这一个地球家园。
单元易错点归纳
1.make efforts in doing sth努力做某事;倾力做某事
拓展:
1.make efforts to do sth(最常用)努力去做某事
例句:We make great efforts to reduce waste.我们努力减少垃圾。
2.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事(高频满分短语)
例句:We spare no effort in protecting the sky.我们不遗余力守护蓝天。
2.fight
过去式 / 过去分词:fought 现在分词:fighting
(一)v. 动词 打架;抗争;治理;奋斗
高频固定搭配(考试重点)
1. fight against sth对抗、抵制、治理(坏事:污染、疾病、贫困)
原句:fight against air pollution 治理空气污染
例句:We fight against waste. 我们抵制浪费。
2. fight with sb
① 和某人打架 ② 和某人并肩作战
例:fight with classmates 和同学打架
fight with friends against difficulties 和朋友一起对抗困难
3. fight for sth 为…… 而奋斗、争取
fight for clean air 为洁净空气而努力
fight for our dreams 为梦想奋斗
4. fight to do sth 奋力做某事
They fight to protect rivers. 他们奋力保护河流。
(二)n. 名词 打斗;斗争;抗争
1. have a fight with sb 和某人打架
2. a fight against pollution 一场治污攻坚战
3.【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and…
辨析
意义
谓语动词(连接主语时)
either… or…
或者……或者……;
要么……要么……
就近一致
neither… nor…
既不……也不……
not only… but (also)…
不但……而且……
both… and…
……和……都……
用复数
4.take actions to do sth采取行动去做某事
同义:take measures to do sth
5.bring back + 名词 :恢复;使…… 回归;带回
bring back the natural sky 恢复自然天空
拓展:bring back memories 唤起回忆
例句:More people are taking actions to protect the earth.越来越多人采取行动保护地球。
We are taking actions to bring back clean water.我们正在采取行动重现洁净水源。
6.used to
“used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”,只用于过去时态,没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。
Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。
Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗?
【易混辨析】重点:be used to doing, be used to do与used to do
be used to doing sth.
意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”,其中to是介词,后跟动词 ing 形式
be used to do sth.
意为“ 被用来做某事 ”,其中to为不定式符号,后跟动词__原形___
used to do sth.
意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”,只用于过去时态,其中to是不定式符号,后跟动词_原形
Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。
A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。
He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。
7.make use of 利用
make good use of 好好利用
make full use of 充分利用
make better use of 更好地利用
例句:We should make full use of every chance.我们应该充分利用每一次机会。
8.donate v. 捐赠;捐献
固定搭配(必考)
donate sth to sb / sth 把某物捐赠给……
✅ donate money to the poor 给穷人捐款
donate to + 机构
Many people donate to this charity.很多人向这家慈善机构捐款。
派生词 donation n. [C/U] 捐赠物;捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠
例句:They donate books to rural schools every year.他们每年向乡村学校捐赠书籍。
9.辨析please, pleased, pleasure与pleasant
词汇
意义及用法
please
动词,意为“使愉快,使满意”。另外,也可作感叹词,意为“请”。
pleased
形容词,意为“高兴的”,作表语,常修饰人。常用结构:be pleased with对……感到满意;be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。
pleasure
名词,作“高兴,快乐,愉快,满意”讲时,为不可数名词;作“乐事,快事”讲时,为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。(帮忙之后表示不客气)
With pleasure. 很乐意。(帮忙之前表示乐意效劳)
pleasant
形容词,意为“令人愉快的;友好的,和善的”,作定语或表语。
如:
①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。
②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。
③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。
④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。
10.ask
11.successful
变形:succeed v.→success n.成功;成就;→successful adj.成功的;有成就的→successfully adv.成功地
如:When you achieve your dream, it means that you succeed in doing what you want.
12.experience
experience v.→experienced adj. 有经验的;经验丰富的
13.lead
lead动词,意为“带路;领路”,其过去式是 led 。常用短语:lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”;lead to“(道路等)通往……;引起;导致”。
Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。
This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。
②protect v.→protection n.保护;防护
protect的用法
protect为及物动词,意为“保护;防护”。
常见用法:protect sb./sth. (against/from sth.),意为“保护某人/某物(免受……)”。
如:
①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。
②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。
14. protect
15.【易混辨析】重点:the number of与a number of
短语
用法
图解助记
the number of
表示“ ……的数量 ”,后接可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 (单数/复数)形式
a number of
表示“ 许多 ”,后接可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 (单数/复数)形式,其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰
Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。
A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。
16.first of all
at first
与at the beginning同义,表示"起初(但后来……)",与后来发生的事相对照。
☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。
first of all
与first同义,表示"首先;最重要",说明顺序,后面常接next,then等。
☞ First of all, open the window. 首先,打开窗户。
17.by的用法
用法
意义
例句
by +v.-ing形式
通过……方式(途径)
He makes a living by teaching.
他通过教书谋生。
by+时间点
在……之前;不迟于
You must be home by 10:00 p.m.
你必须晚上十点之前到家。
by+交通工具
乘坐
He usually goes to work by bike.
他通常骑自行车去上班。
by+地点名词
在……旁;
靠近
She is sitting by the window.
她正坐在窗户旁边。
【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中:by the way 顺便问一下;by mistake 错误地;by hand 手工;by oneself 靠自己;by accident 偶然,意外地
【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”,相当于change ... into ...。
Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。
18.turn的用法
作动词,意为“转向,转身”。
Turn right at the traffic lights. 在红绿灯处向右拐。
作系动词,意为“变得;达到”。
Leaves turn brown in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。
She turned 18 last year. 她去年满18岁了。
作名词,意为“轮流”。
it’s one’s turn to do sth.“轮到……做某事”, take turns doing sth./to do sth. “轮流做某事”
It’s your turn to do the dishes. 轮到你洗碗了。
We take turns cleaning the classroom. 我们轮流打扫教室。
turn on,turn off,turn down与turn up
四者均为动词短语,当其后的宾语为名词时,名词放在介词前后均可;当其后的宾语为代词时,代词必须放在turn与介词的中间。其具体用法如下:
turn on
“打开(自来水、煤气等)”或“开(电灯、电视等)电源”
Would you mind turning on the electric fan?你介意打开电风扇吗?
turn off
“关掉,切断”
Tom, turn off the tap!There is water all over the floor. Tom,关上水龙头!满地都是水。
turn down
“调小,关小音量”
Do you mind if I turn down the music?你介意我把音乐调小声些吗?
“拒绝”
There’s no reason to turn down this suggestion. 没有理由拒绝这个建议。
turn up
“调大,使音量变大”
There are so many people here. Let’s turn up the music. 这里有如此多的人。让我们把音乐声音调大些吧。
“突然出现”
She turned up at my house late one night. 一天深夜她突然来到我家。
19.anything interesting
anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时,应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 (前面/后面)。
Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。
Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗?
20.make a big difference:产生很大影响;作用重大;带来巨大改变
拓展变体(中考常考)
make a difference 有影响,起作用(无 big,通用)
make a big difference to… 对…… 影响很大(最重要搭配)
make little difference 几乎没有影响
make no difference 没有作用,无关紧要
make much difference(多用于否定、疑问)
21.try
(1)try作动词时,其常见用法如下:
常见搭配: try on 试穿 try out 参加……选拔;试用
如: We try to make our community a better place. 我们尽力让我们的小区变得更好。
如: He always helps his mother with the housework. 他总是帮着妈妈做一些家务。
Cooking helps us (to) show our love for family members. 做饭有助于我们向家人展示我们的爱。
Help yourself to some tea, Linda. 随便喝点茶吧,Linda。
I can’t help laughing when I watch them. 当看着他们的时候,我忍不住笑起来!
She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble. 每当我有困难时,她总是帮我克服。
单元写作素材及满分范文
√单元写作任务
写作任务解读
单元主题:Greener Planet, Better Home 绿色星球,美好家园,核心话题:环境污染、环保措施、低碳生活、绿色行为倡议。
核心语法:现在完成时;情态动词表建议。
中考高频写作题型:倡议书 / 说明文,两个常考出题方向:
① 描述各类污染的危害,提出保护环境的做法;
② 题目:How to Be a Greener Person(如何做一名环保者),介绍低碳生活方式。
写作要求:词数 80–120 词;结构清晰,先点明环境现状,再列举可行环保行动,最后发出号召;多用建议句型、现在完成时。
写作主线:现状问题 → 个人 / 社会行动建议 → 呼吁 + 展望。
√素材积累——话题词汇
核心单词
1. pollute v. 污染
2. pollution n. 污染
3. harmful adj. 有害的
4. recycle v. 回收利用
5. reuse v. 再利用
6. reduce v. 减少
7. resource n. 资源
8. plastic n. 塑料
9. protect v. 保护
10. environment n. 环境
11. waste n. 废弃物 v. 浪费
12. sort v. 分类
13. plant v. 种植
14. carbon n. 碳
15. action n. 行动
核心短语(单元必背)
1. environmental protection 环境保护
2. different kinds of pollution 各类污染
3. air/water/soil/noise pollution 空气 / 水 / 土壤 / 噪音污染
4. be harmful to /do harm to 对…… 有害
5. take actions to do sth 采取行动做某事
6. waste sorting 垃圾分类
7. green traveling 绿色出行
8. save energy /energy saving 节约能源
9. turn off 关掉(电源)
10. cut down 削减;砍倒
11. make use of 利用
12. pour…into… 把…… 倒入
13. plant trees 植树
14. protect…from… 保护…… 免受…… 伤害
15. make a big difference to 对…… 产生巨大影响
16. live a low‑carbon life 过低碳生活
17. plenty of 大量
18. say no to plastics 拒绝塑料制品
19. recycle the waste 回收废弃物
20. it’s our duty to do sth 做某事是我们的责任
√素材积累——话题金句
1. Our planet is in great danger because of all kinds of pollution.
因为各种各样的污染,我们的星球正处于危险之中。(开篇句✅)
2. It’s our duty to protect the environment.
保护环境是我们每个人的责任。(万能中心句)
3. Pollution is harmful to our health and the living environment.
污染对我们的健康和生存环境有害。
4. We should take simple actions to live a greener life.
我们应该采取简单行动,过上更绿色的生活。
5. We’d better sort waste and recycle paper and bottles.
我们最好做好垃圾分类,回收纸张和瓶子。
6. Remember to turn off lights when we leave rooms to save energy.
离开房间记得关灯来节约能源。
7. Not only can we choose green traveling, but we should also say no to plastic bags.
我们不仅可以选择绿色出行,还应该拒绝塑料袋。(高分倒装句型)
8. Small actions can make a big difference to our environment.
微小的行动会对环境产生巨大影响。(结尾高分句✅)
9. If everyone tries their best, we will make our planet greener.
如果人人尽力,我们会让地球变得更绿。
√俗语谚语
1. Small actions make a big difference.微小行动,成就巨大改变。
2. There is only one earth.地球只有一个。
3. Save the earth, save ourselves.拯救地球就是拯救我们自己。
√写作典例及思路
第一段:引出话题,点明现在存在环境污染,保护环境人人有责(总起)
第二段:列举具体环保做法,分点写垃圾分类、节约能源、绿色出行、少用塑料(主体,用 should/had better/we can 提建议)
第三段:发出倡议,小小的行动汇聚力量,展望绿色家园(结尾升华)
范文 1(基础满分版,适合中等学生,词数 104)
How to Be a Greener Person
It’s our duty to protect our environment. But now all kinds of pollution has done great harm to our planet.
What can we do to be greener people? First, we should sort waste and recycle waste paper and bottles. Second, remember to turn off lights and taps to save energy when we don’t use them. Third, we can choose green traveling, such as walking or taking the underground instead of driving cars. What’s more, we should say no to plastic bags.
Small actions can make a big difference. If everyone does something simple, we will have a greener planet and a better home.
> ✨亮点标注
> It’s our duty to protect our environment(单元万能开篇句型)
> sort waste and recycle waste paper(课本短语)
> turn off lights and taps(环保细节表达)
> Small actions can make a big difference(结尾加分金句)
范文 2(拔高版,适合尖子生,词数 115,句式更丰富)
Greener Planet, Better Home
As we know, pollution has become a serious problem. It has influenced our life and done harm to human health.
We can do many small things to protect the earth. Not only should we live a low‑carbon life, but we also need to develop good green habits.We are supposed to sort rubbish and reuse things. We’d better plant more trees to clean the air. When shopping, take cloth bags and avoid plastic products. We can also take buses or ride bikes for short trips.
The earth is our only home.Everyone should take part in environmental protection. As teenagers, we should keep on doing these small things. I believe we will build a cleaner and greener world together.
> ✨亮点标注
> has influenced our life and done harm to human health(现在完成时,单元核心语法)
> Not only should we…, but we also need to…(倒装高分句型,阅卷加分)
> develop good green habits养成良好环保习惯
> keep on doing these small things坚持做这些小事
Unit 3 Great Ideas
核心单词及变形
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1. wooden (adj.) 木制的;木头的
→ _______________ (n.) 木头;树林
→ _______________ (adj.) 木质的
2. lock (n.) 锁 v. 锁住
→ _______________ (adj.) 上锁的
3. lover (n.) 爱好者;热爱者
→ _______________ (v./n.) 爱;喜爱
→ _______________ (adj.) 可爱的
→ _______________ (adj.) 钟爱的
4. inventor (n.) 发明家
→ _______________ (v.) 发明;创造
→ _______________ (n.) 发明物;发明
5. certainly (adv.) 无疑;肯定
→ _______________ (adj.) 确定的
→ _______________ (n.) 确定性
→ _______________ (adj.) 不确定的
6. discovery (n.) 发现;发觉
→ _______________ (v.) 发现
→ _______________ (n.) 发现者
7. printing (n.) 印刷;印刷术
→ _______________ (v./n.) 印刷;打印
→ _______________ (n.) 打印机;印刷工人
8. fishing (n.) 钓鱼;捕鱼业
→ _______________ (v.) 钓鱼 n. 鱼
→ _______________ (n.) 渔夫
9. sailor (n.) 水手;海员
→ _______________ (v.) 航行;启航 n. 帆
→ _______________ (n.) 航海;航行
10. magnetic (adj.) 有磁性的,磁的
→ _______________ (n.) 磁铁
→ _______________ (n.) 磁性;磁力
11. war (n.) 战争 v. 作战
→ _______________ (adj.) 交战的
12. movable (adj.) 可移动的
→ _______________ (v.) 移动
→ _______________ (n.) 运动;移动
13. broaden (v.) 增长;变宽;变阔
→ _______________ (adj.) 宽阔的
→ _______________ (adv.) 广泛地
→ _______________ (n.) 宽度
14. sharp (adj.) 锋利的;尖锐的
→ _______________ (adv.) 尖锐地;猛烈地
→ _______________ (v.) 使锋利;削尖
→ _______________ (n.) 卷笔刀
15. wake (v.) 醒,醒来;唤醒,弄醒
→ ____________ (过去式),__________ (过去分词)
→ _______________ (adj.) 醒着的
→ _______________ (adj.) 醒着的
16. instruction (n.) 用法说明;操作指南
→ _______________ (v.) 指示;教导
→ _______________ (n.) 教练;导师
→ _______________ (adj.) 有教育意义的
17. imaginative (adj.) 富于想象力的;创新的
→ _______________ (v.) 想象;设想
→ _______________ (n.) 想象力
→ _______________ (adj.) 想象中的;虚构的
18. daydream (n.) 白日梦;幻想;空想 v. 做白日梦
→ _______________ (n.) 爱做白日梦的人
→ _______________ (n.) 白日做梦
19. awake (adj.) 醒着 v.(使)醒来,唤醒
→ _______________ (v.) 唤醒
→ ____________ (过去式),___________ (过去分词)
→ _______________ (v.) 唤醒;使醒悟
20. prize (n.) 奖;奖赏;奖品 v. 珍视
→ _______________ (adj.) 珍贵的
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重点短语
1. ___________________ 塑料雨衣
2. ___________________ 木制吉他
3. ___________________ 竹筷子
4. ___________________ 玻璃栈道
5. ___________________ 纸房子
6. ___________________ 金属锁
7. ___________________ 走在… 上面
8. ___________________ …… 的重要部分
9. ___________________ 保护某人免受…
10. ___________________ 花时间陪伴某人
11. ___________________ 把… 放入…
12. _________________由… 制成 (能看出原材料)
13. ___________________ 被用来做…
14. ___________________ 谈论
15. ___________________ 超过;多于
16. ___________________ 在某人一生之中
17. ___________________ 由… 发明
18. ___________________ 骑马
19. ___________________ 练习做某事
20. ___________________ 日日夜夜;夜以继日
21. ___________________ 各种各样的
22. ___________________ 解决问题
23. ___________________ 导致;引起;通向
24. ___________________ 引起;导致;造成
25. ___________________ 为了(后接动词原形)
26. ___________________ 对…… 表现出浓厚的兴趣
27. ___________________ 电子系统
28. ___________________ 与…… 不同
29. ___________________ 以…… 为例
30. ___________________ 就某人的情况而言
31. ___________________ 看出区别;发现差异
32. ___________________ 长久以来
33. ___________________ 在… 占据领先地位
34. ___________________ 在… 上面书写
35. ___________________ 由… 改进
36. ___________________ 结果
37. ___________________ 依靠;依赖
38. ___________________ 辨别正确方向
39. ___________________ 偶然;意外地
40. ___________________ 在… 末期
41. ___________________ 雕版印刷术
42. ___________________ 活字印刷术
43. ___________________ 传播知识
44. ___________________ 加速
45. ___________________ 随着科学的发展
46. ___________________ 做某事很困难
47. ___________________ 开阔眼界
48. ___________________ 提升质量
49. ___________________ 需要做某事
50. ___________________ 手动
51. ___________________ 叫醒
52. ___________________ 熬夜
53. ___________________ 火箭模型
54. ___________________ 出现;产生
55. ___________________ 阻止某人 / 某物做……
56. ___________________ 全世界
57. ___________________ 越来越受欢迎
58. ___________________ 成千上万
59. ___________________ 不同种类的
60. ___________________ 集邮
61. ___________________ 作为一种爱好
62. ___________________ 完成一项发明
63. ___________________ 思考,考虑
64. ___________________ 上网搜索某物
65. ___________________ 做出改进
66. ___________________ 即将到来,在路上
67. ___________________ 勾勒,画出
68. ___________________ 一张纸
69. ___________________ 列出… 清单
70. ___________________ 到了做… 的时间了
71. ___________________ 执行,实施
72. ___________________ 向某人求助
73. ___________________ 放弃
74. ___________________ 坚持做某事
75. ___________________ 开始行动
76. ___________________ 努力工作
77. ___________________ 把… 变成
78. ___________________ 睡袋
79. ___________________ 依据,根据
80. ___________________ 占用…
81. ___________________ 一条牛仔裤
82. ___________________ 不仅… 而且…
83. ___________________ 大量,许多
84. ___________________ 钻研
85. ___________________ 想出
86. ___________________ 保持清醒
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必背句型
1.XiaoYa ______________ music. So her uncle gave her a______________ as her birthday gift last year.
小雅擅长音乐。所以去年她叔叔送给她一把木制吉他作为生日礼物。
2.I would never ______________ the ______________ over the mountains. It is very high and I am afraid I might fall.我绝不会走山上的玻璃栈道。它特别高,我怕自己会掉下去。
3.______________ are a great invention. It's ______________Chinese dining culture.
竹筷子是一项伟大的发明。它是中国饮食文化的重要组成部分。
4.It's raining hard. Take an umbrella or a plastic raincoat to ___________ you __________getting wet.
雨下得很大。带上雨伞或者一件塑料雨衣,免得被淋湿。
5.As an art lover, I like making paper houses best when I ______________ my little brother.
作为一名艺术爱好者,和弟弟相处的时候,我最喜欢做纸房子。
6.The boy________ the key ________the metal lock of the door and turned it. Only seconds later, he entered the secret garden.男孩把钥匙插进门上的金属锁并转动钥匙。仅仅几秒钟之后,他就进入了秘密花园。
7.____________________?这把锁是由什么制成的?
→It is made of metal.它是由金属制成的。
8._________________________?它是用来做什么的?
→It is used for locking the door.它是用来锁门的。
9.Sometimes I also use it to ______________.有时候我也用它来查找信息。
10.I think the cellphone ______________ 1976, but Lingling said it was developed in 1973.
我认为手机是 1976 年研发出来的,但是玲玲说它是 1973 年研发的。
11.______________ it was invented in 1879.据说它是在 1879 年被发明的。
12.He invented two thousand things ______________.他一生发明了两千多种东西。
13.______________ makes him famous all over the world.那就是他闻名全世界的原因。
14.Xiaoxiao practices drawing ______________.晓晓夜以继日地练习画画。
15.Her family buys her __________________ and hangs her drawings everywhere!
她的家人给她买各种各样的绘画材料,还把她的画到处张贴!
16.From an early age,he ______________ television.他从小就对电视表现出浓厚的兴趣。
17.However,______________, there was no light bulb in the world before Edison created it.
然而,就爱迪生的情况而言,在爱迪生发明灯泡之前,世界上还没有灯泡。
18.For a long time,Chinese science and technology ______________ in the world.
很长一段时间里,中国的科技在世界上处于领先地位。
19.He made the paper from cheaper materials, ______________.他用渔网、绳索这类更廉价的材料来造纸。
20.Chinese people used block printing to produce books ______________.起初中国人使用雕版印刷术印制书籍。
21.______________,Bi Sheng developed movable type printing.北宋时期,毕昇发明了活字印刷术。
22.Together they ______________ the development of human society.它们共同推动了人类社会的发展。
23.__________________,an amazing number of new things are being discovered and invented.随着科学的发展,大量新奇的事物不断被发现和发明。
24.In the old days, stone was difficult to transport,so many wooden houses were built.
古时候,石头很难运输,所以人们建造了许多木屋。
25.At first,Chinese people ______________.起初,中国人用木板来印刷书籍。
26.When sky began to darken, sailors had to ______________ stars to find the right direction.
当天空开始变暗时,水手们不得不依靠星星来辨别正确的方向。
27.I ______________ my mom too early this morning.今天早上我被妈妈叫醒得太早了。
28.It was made for ______________ this Sunday.这是为本周日的火箭模型展制作的。
29.He first tried to find a practical use for them,but nothing ______________.他起初努力想为它们找到实际用途,但一无所获。
30.What do you think is ______________ in the world?你认为世界上最伟大的发明是什么?
31.They are ______________traditional Chinese food and they are so delicious.
它们是中国传统食物里重要的一部分,而且十分美味。
32.It ___________________ and made mailing letters easier and more popular.
它改变了交流的方式,让邮寄信件变得更简便、更普及。
33.___________________________.从一个需求或问题开启你的想法。
34.Perhaps an idea for an invention is ______________.也许一项发明的灵感就即将到来。
35.Draw out your ideas on a piece of paper and make a list of things to be done.
在纸上画出你的想法,并列出要做的事项。
36.After you have made a plan,_________________.制定好计划之后,就该付诸行动了。
37.If you have some difficulties, ______________ from your friends,parents and teachers.如果遇到困难,可以向朋友、父母和老师求助。
38.___________________________________!永不放弃,不断尝试!
39.If you dream big and work hard, you can also _____________________.
如果你心怀远大梦想并且努力奋斗,你也能成为一名伟大的发明家。
40.The hiking bag can be __________________ a tent or a sleeping bag.这个徒步背包可以变身成帐篷或者睡袋。
41.The temperature of its back may change _____________________.它背部的温度可以根据天气发生变化。
42.It could take up ten years to _______________________.一条牛仔裤可能要用上十年才会穿破。
43.Jeans are designed_____________ for men,______________ for women and children.
牛仔裤不仅为男士设计,也供女士和儿童使用。
44.________ you wash them, __________comfortable they become.你洗得越多,它们就会变得越舒服。
单元易错点归纳
1. invention
invent(v)发明 invention(n)发明物(可数)→inventor(n)发明者→inventive(adj)有创造力的
辨析discover, invent与create
词汇
意义及用法
discover
意为“发现”,指发现本来已经存在,但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。
invent
意为“发明”,指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。
create
意为“创作;创造”,指创造出原本不存在的东西,如艺术、理论、美食等。
如:
①Only later did she discover a talent for writing.她后来才发现自己的写作天分。
②Who invented the telephone? 谁发明了电话机?
③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。
2.be made of
be made of 意为“由……制造而成”,表示从制成品中可以看出原材料。如:
The dress is made of silk. 这件礼服是丝制的。
【妙辨异同】be made of, be made from, be made in, be made into, be made by与be made up of
be made of
“由……制成”,指能看出原材料。
Books are made of paper. 书是用纸张制成的。
be made from
“由……制成”,指不能看出原材料。
This kind of wine is made from grapes. 这种酒是由葡萄酿成的。
be made in
“在……(地点) 制造”。
People across the world can buy things made in China. 全世界的人都可以买到中国制品。
be made into
“被制成……”。
The wood will be made into a chair. 这块木头将被制成一把椅子。
be made by
“由……(某人) 制作”。
These gifts are all made by my grandma. 这些礼物都是我奶奶制作的。
be made up of
“由……组成”。
Your life should be made up of happiness. 快乐才是你的人生。
3.be used for
be used for意为“被用来做……”(表目的),其后可跟名词或动词ing形式,跟动词ing时,可与be used to do 互换。如:
The spoon is used for having soup. = The spoon is used to have soup. 那把勺子是用来喝汤的。
【妙辨异同】used to, be used to doing, be used to do, be used for, be used as与be used by
①“某人 + used to + 动词原形”表示“某人过去常做某事(但现在不做了)”,是过去时态;
②“某人 + be/get(s) used to + 动词ing”表示“某人习惯于做某事”,通常是一般现在时;
③“某物 + be used to + 动词原形”表示“某物被用于做某事”,它和be used for sth./doing sth.都可以表示“被用来……”(表目的);
④be used as表示“作为……被使用”或“(被)用作……”,后面接名词,强调使用的工具及手段;
⑤be used by表示“由……使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。如:
I used to collect stamps, but now I am used to drawing. 我过去常常集邮,但是现在我习惯画画。
Wood can be used to make paper. 木材可以被用来造纸。
The knife is used to cut apples. = The knife is used for cutting apples. 小刀被用来切苹果。
A knife is used as a tool. 小刀被用作一种工具。
4.make的用法
如:
She made her own wedding dress. 她的婚纱是自己做的。
Let’s make it half past two. 让我们把时间约定在2:30吧。
Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使我们感到更自信。
We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。
We made him captain of our football team. 我们选他作我们足球队的队长。
I explained again to make myself understood. 为了使别人听懂,我又解释了一遍。
The highspeed train makes it easier for me to go home. 高铁使得回家对我而言变得更容易。
常用搭配
make mistakes = make a mistake 犯错误
make a difference to… 对……产生影响
make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事
make a face = make faces 做鬼脸
make a decision = make decisions 做决定
make progress 取得进步
make a phone call 打电话
make one’s bed 铺床
make a living 谋生
make a noise 发出噪声
make a promise 作出承诺
make sure 确保
make friends (with sb.) (与某人)交朋友
5.It’s+adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.句型
(1)It’s+adj.+(for sb.) +to do sth.,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语,句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。如:It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。
(2)It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.,意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。如:It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我,真是太善良了。
②【用法详解】must情态动词,意为“一定;肯定”,表示有把握的、肯定的推测,后跟动词__原形__。must be表示“一定是;必定是”。
Eg. He must live near here. 他一定住在这附近。
The light is still on, so he must be at home. 灯还亮着,所以他一定在家。
【拓展延伸】表示有把握的、否定的推测用can’t,意为“不可能”,而must的否定形式 mustn’t ,则表示禁止,不表示否定的推测。
Eg.It can’t be my book. Mine is a bit newer. 这不可能是我的书,我的稍微新一点。
Children mustn’t play with fire. 孩子们不能玩火。(强调禁止此行为)
6.反意疑问句
【用法详解】重点:这是一个反意疑问句,反意疑问句的结构为:
肯定的陈述句
+
否定的附加问句(be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语)
“前 肯 后 否 ”
否定的陈述句
+
肯定的附加问句(be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语)
“前 否 后 肯 ”
Eg.You are from Australia, aren't you?
肯定 否定
Jack doesn't live in Guilin, does he?
否定 肯定
【注意】反意疑问句前后两部分的主语在人称和数方面要保持一致,be动词、助动词或情态动词也要保持一致。
Eg.She doesn’t like shopping, does she? 她不喜欢购物,是吗?
He can’t speak French, can he? 他不会说法语,对吗?
【拓展延伸】
(1)反意疑问句的回答: ① 答语都要与事实情况一致。
② 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+肯定结构.
否定回答:No, 主语+否定结构.
③ 当陈述部分是否定句时,答语中的Yes译为“不”,No译为“是”.
Eg. --- You don’t like classical music, do you ?
--- Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
不,我喜欢。 / 是的,我不喜欢。
(2)陈述句部分含有nothing、never、hardly等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问句用肯定形式。
Eg.You hardly understand me, do you? 你几乎不理解我,是吗?
7.辨析buy, sell与sale
词汇
意义及用法
buy
动词,意为“买”。buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.,“给某人买某物”;buy sth. from sp. “从某处买某物”
sell
动词,意为“卖;出售”。sell sb. sth.或sell sth. to sb.,“把某物卖给某人”;sth. sell(s) well,“某物畅销”;sell out 卖完;售完
sale
名词,意为“出售,销售”。on sale“出售,廉价出售”;for sale“供出售,待售”
如:
①Money can’t buy you happiness. 金钱不能为你买到幸福。
②We sell a lot of these to people like you. 我们把许多这种东西卖给您这样的人。
③Tickets are on sale this week. 本周票降价出售。
8.encourage的用法
encourage为动词,意为“鼓励”。常见搭配:
(1)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
如:They encourage boys to take part in ball games.
他们鼓励男孩们参加球类比赛。
(2)encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人
如:My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。
9.show的用法
词性
意义及用法
动词
意为“给……看;展示”,show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看(展示)某物”
意为“引,领,带”,show sb. around 意为“带某人参观某地”
意为“表示,显露”,show up意为“出现,露面”,show off意为“炫耀”
名词
意为“演出;节目;展览,展览会”,talk show意为“访谈节目”,on show意为“展览;陈列”
10.interest的用法
11.too... to...结构
(1)too +adj.+(for sb.)+ to do sth. 意为“(对某人来说)太……以致不能做某事”。
(2)too... to...结构可与so... that...结构进行转换,也可与not... enough to do...结构换用。如:
The bag is too small to hold all these books.
= The bag is so small that it can’t hold all these books.
= The bag is not big enough to hold all these books.这个包太小了,装不下所有的这些书。
12.explain的用法
(1)explain为动词,意为“解释;说明”。常见用法如下:
搭配及意义
例句
explain (sth.) to sb. 向某人解释(某事)
The teacher explained the problem to the whole class.
这位老师向全班同学解释了这个问题。
explain to sb. who/how/...
She explained to them what to do in an emergency.
她向他们说明了紧急情况下应采取的行动。
explain+宾语从句/特殊疑问词+不定式(短语)
Well, that doesn’t explain why you didn’t phone.
噢,那不是你不打电话的理由。
(2)explain的名词形式为explanation,意为“解释;说明;阐述”。
13.so that
(1)so that可以用来引导目的状语从句,表示“以便为了”,从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词,此时可与in order that互换。如,
I spend more time learning English every day so that/in order that I can make greater progress this year.为了今年取得更大进步,我每天用更多的时间学英语。
(2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,从句中一般不用can和may等词,在so that前可以用逗号,意思是“因此。所以”。此时不能与in order that互换。如:
Yesterday morning I got up early, so that I caught the first bus.
昨天早上我起床很早,因此,我赶上了早班车。
辨析·运用
so... that...与 such... that...
① so... that...意为“如此……以至于……”
引导结果状语从句.so是副词,常用来修饰形容词或副词。so...that..常用的句型结构有:
•so+形容词/副词+that从句;
•so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句;
•so +many/few+名词复数+that从句;
• so + much/little +不可数名词+that 从句。如:
The teacher is so kind that we all like him.这个老师非常和蔼,我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣,我们都喜欢看。
There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all. 食物太多了,我们吃不完。
I have so little money that I can't afford a car.我的钱太少,买不起车。
2 such .. that.意为“如此……以至于……”。连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so...that...意思相同,但用法不同。so...that...结构中,so后边可用形容词或副词,而such... that...
结构中such后边要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带)。such... that...常用的句型结构有:
• such +形容词+名词复数+that从句:
• such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that 从句;
•such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句。如:
They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣,我们都喜欢看。
She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.
她是这么可爱的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗户用力很大,玻璃都震碎了。
14.one of
【用法详解】重点:“one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词”表示在某一范围内“最……的……之一”。
Eg.Mary is one of the tallest students in our class. 玛丽是我们班最高的学生之一。
【拓展延伸】“one of the +复数名词”意为“……中的一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用 单数 (单数/复数)形式。
Eg.One of the girls is my sister. 这群女孩当中有一个是我妹妹。
15.keep的用法
【易混辨析】重点:borrow, lend与keep
单词
含义
用法
图解助记
borrow
借;借入
(主语借进)
borrow sth. from sb. “向某人借某物”
lend
(过去式lent)
借给;借出
(主语借出)
lend sb. sth. “借某物给某人”
= lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人”
keep
保存;保留
延续动词,表示借用的时间长度,与for +一段时间及how long连用(指借一段时间)
Eg.He borrowed a lot of money from me. 他从我这儿借了很多钱。
Could you lend me your bike? = Could you lend your bike to me? 你可以借给我你的自行车吗?
I wanted to borrow a bike from my friend but he didn’t lend it to me, because Jane kept it for two days. 我想借用朋友的自行车,但他没借给我,因为简已经借走它两天了。
16.It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.句型
句型
意义
It’s time (for sb.)to do sth.
到(某人)该做某事的时间了。
It’s time for sth.
该做某事了。
It’s the/one’s+序数词+time+to do sth.
某人第几次做某事。
如:
①The new year is coming, and it’s time for us to make New Year’s resolutions.
新年就要到了,是我们做新年计划的时候了。
②It’s 12 o’clock now. It’s time for lunch. 现在12点了。该吃午饭了。
③It’s her first time to visit the Great Wall.这是她第一次参观长城。
单元写作素材及满分范文
√单元写作任务
单元主题:Great Ideas 奇思妙想,发明创造;核心语法:被动语态(一般过去时被动)。中考高频写作题型:建议类说明文 / 事物介绍类。
两大高频考题方向:
① How to Become an Inventor(如何成为一名发明家):介绍培养创造力、做出发明的方法;
② My Favourite Invention(我最喜欢的发明):介绍一项伟大发明,说明发明者、用途、对生活的影响。
写作要求:词数 80–120 词;行文条理清晰,多用顺序连接词;被动语态为本单元核心得分点。
写作主线:开篇引入发明 / 创意的重要性 → 主体列举方法 / 介绍发明信息 → 结尾感悟、号召。
√素材积累——话题词汇
核心单词
1. invent v. 发明;创造
2. invention n. 发明物
3. inventor n. 发明家
4. creative adj. 有创造力的
5. create v. 创造
6. solve v. 解决
7. develop v. 发展;研发
8. practical adj. 实用的
9. convenient adj. 方便的
10. doubt v. 怀疑
11. curiosity n. 好奇心
12. test v. 测试;检验
13. improve v. 改进;改善
14. spread v. 传播;扩散
15. material n. 材料
核心短语(单元必背)
1. be invented by 由…… 发明
2. be made of 由…… 制成(看得出原材料)
3. be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
4. by accident 偶然,意外地
5. lead to 导致;通向
6. bring about 引起;造成
7. solve the problem 解决问题
8. all kinds of 各种各样的
9. take…as examples 以…… 为例
10. think of /come up with 想出(主意)
11. keep on doing sth 坚持做某事
12. give up 放弃
13. make improvements 做出改进
14. broaden one’s minds 开阔眼界
15. one of the four great inventions 四大发明之一
16. make an invention 完成一项发明
17. depend on 依靠;取决于
18. search online for sth 上网搜索某物
√素材积累——话题金句
1. Every great invention comes from a simple great idea.
每一项伟大发明都源于一个简单的奇思妙想。(开篇万能句✅)
2. Many great inventions were invented to solve people’s problems.
许多伟大发明是为了解决人们的难题而被创造出来的。(被动语态单元核心句)
3. If we want to be creative, we should keep curious about the world.
如果我们想要富有创造力,就要对世界保持好奇心。
4. First of all, we should find problems in our daily life.
首先,我们应该在日常生活中发现问题。(建议类作文衔接句)
5. Not only do inventions bring us convenience, but they push society forward.
发明不仅带给我们便利,还推动社会进步。(高分倒装句型)
6. When we meet difficulties, we should keep trying instead of giving up.
遇到困难时,我们应当坚持尝试,而不是放弃。
7. We can search for information online to help us make improvements.
我们可以上网查找资料,帮助我们做出改进。
8. As teenagers, we should learn more knowledge and dare to think.
作为青少年,我们应该学习更多知识,敢于思考。(结尾升华句✅)
√俗语谚语
1. Need is the mother of invention.需求是发明之母。
2. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
3. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
√写作典例及思路
考题一:How to Become an Inventor(建议类,单元课本写作任务)
第一段:总起,创意与发明很重要,人人都可以成为发明家。
第二段:分点提建议。First of all / Next / What’s more / Finally,用顺序词,写保持好奇、发现生活问题、不断尝试、永不放弃。
第三段:号召,多学习知识,敢于想象。
范文 1(基础满分版,适合中等学生,词数 105)
How to Become an Inventor
Every great invention comes from a simple great idea. Everyone can be an inventor if we try.
First of all, we should keep curious about the world and ask questions in daily life. Next, try to find problems around us, because most inventions are made to solve problems. What’s more, we can read books or search online for useful information to turn our ideas into real things. Never give up when we fail.We can learn from mistakes and make improvements.
As teenagers, we should study hard and dare to think. I believe we can come up with our own great ideas one day.
> ✨亮点标注
> Every great invention comes from a simple great idea(开篇万能句)
> keep curious about the world(保持好奇心)
> search online for useful information(单元短语)
> Never give up when we fail(建议类高分表达)
考题二:My Favourite Invention(事物介绍类,中考高频)
第一段:点题,我最喜欢的发明是什么。
第二段:介绍它由谁发明、用途,给生活带来的改变,用被动语态。
第三段:个人感受,发明改变世界。
范文 2(拔高版,适合尖子生,词数 118,句式丰富)
My Favourite Invention
Of all the inventions in history, paper-making is my favourite. It is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.
It was invented by Cai Lun hundreds of years ago. It was used for recording knowledge and passing down culture at first. Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy things. Paper made it much easier for people to spread knowledge.
Not only does it bring convenience to people, but it also helps our culture last for thousands of years.It has greatly changed the world.
I’m proud of this great invention. It tells us that great ideas can change our life. We should keep creative and keep thinking.
> ✨亮点标注
> one of the four great inventions of ancient China(文化类高分短语)
> was invented by / was used for(单元核心被动语态)
> Not only does it…, but it also…(倒装高分句型)
> passing down culture 传承文化
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