Units 1～3（期中复习讲义）九年级英语上学期新教材仁爱科普版

Units 1~3（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 现在完成时的基本结构、标志词与语境运用（Unit1 核心，have/has + 过去分词；have/has been to /have gone to /have been in 辨析）； 2. 描述社会、家乡、生活发生变化的句型，能从生活条件、交通、休闲活动等方面对比过去与现在； 3. 重点短语与词形变换：描述环境、污染、环保行动、发明创造相关词汇，掌握名词、形容词、动词之间词形转换； 4. 被动语态（一般现在时被动、一般过去时被动）结构：am/is/are + done；was/were + done； 5. 复合不定代词（something, anything, everything, nothing 等）的含义、主谓一致； 6. 用来表达建议、保护环境、介绍发明的核心写作句型； 7. be made of / be made from / be made by / be made in材料类短语辨析； 复习难点： 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的语境区分（有无对现在造成影响）； 2. have been to /have gone to /have been in 的辨析与情景运用； 3. 复合不定代词定语后置（形容词放不定代词后面：something important）； 4. 一般过去时、现在完成时的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句式变化； 5. 被动语态判断、主动变被动的转换，不及物动词无被动； 6. 长难句：protect…from… / keep…from doing / stop…from doing三个 “阻止 / 保护” 短语辨析； 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重词形转换在具体语境中的选择（名词↔动词↔形容词），以及环保、社会变化、发明相关固定短语搭配。 句型转换 / 翻译：常涉及现在完成时、被动语态的句型转换；复合不定代词改写；not only…but also…就近原则句型；used to do、be used for、be made of句型翻译。 完形与阅读：话题多为社会变迁、环境问题、发明与创新；常考查上下文逻辑、短语辨析、时态判断。 书面表达：高频话题：家乡变化、环保倡议书、介绍一项发明，要求能对比今昔、提出环保建议、描述发明的用途。 1：How do you understand changes?你是怎样理解变化的？ ①understand v. 理解；明白；懂得；体谅 原形：understand 过去式 / 过去分词：understood 现在分词：understanding 高频搭配 1. understand each other 互相理解 2. fully understand 完全理解 3. easily understand 轻易弄懂 4. make oneself understood 把自己的意思表达清楚 5. understand one’s feelings 体谅某人的心情 I know the story, but I don’t understand its meaning. 我知道这个故事，但不懂它的寓意。 固定形容词：understanding 善解人意的 an understanding teacher 一位通情达理的老师 【即时小练】 1. It’s easy for him _______________ (understand) this English passage. 2. She nodded her head to show that she _______________ (understand) what I said just now. 3. The story is too hard _______________ (understand) for little kids. 4. You should try to make yourself _______________ (understand) when speaking English. 5. After reading the letter, he had a better _______________ (understand) of the problem. 【答案】 1.to understand 2.understood 3.to understand 4.understood 5.understanding ②change （动词 & 名词，双词性高频词） （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”，change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 名词固定搭配 1. for a change 换换口味；换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革 【即时小练】 1. Great _______________ (change) have taken place in our hometown in recent years. 2. The weather keeps _______________ (change), so take an umbrella with you. 3. He decided _______________ (change) his bad habits from then on. 4. Our city _______________ (change) a lot over the past ten years. 5. The _______________ (change) room is for storing old books. 【答案】 1. changes 2. changing 3. to change 4. has changed 5. changing 2：Public transportation used to be slow and difficult, but now it's fast and easy.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦，但现在又快又方便。 【详解】used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不再发生或不存在，侧重于过去与现在的对比。 【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【即时小练】 1. He _______________ (use) to play basketball after school, but now he likes swimming. 2. My grandpa is used to _______________ (drink) a cup of tea after dinner. 3. Knives are used to _______________ (cut) things. 4. She didn’t _______________ (use) to get up so early. 5. You will get used to _______________ (live) in the countryside soon. 【答案】1. used 2. drinking 3. cut 4. use 5. living 3：In the past, few children had the chance to receive education, but now all children can go to school for free.过去，很少有孩子有机会接受教育，但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。 【详解】【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【注意】 receive还可表示“接见；接待”。 I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。 【即时小练】 1. I was surprised _______________ (receive) a letter from my old friend. 2. Every year, our school _______________ (receive) many books from volunteers. 3. He _______________ (receive) three messages yesterday morning. 4. The _______________ (receive) of the prize is a hard-working boy. 5. You should be careful when _______________ (receive) information online. 【答案】1. to receive 2. receives 3. received 4. receiver 5. receiving 4：Leisure activities in the past were simple and people had few choices, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单，人们的选择也很少，但现在，这些活动变得丰富多彩了。 【精讲】choose* choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: chose 1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容) choose from ... 从...中选择(有范围) choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为... 2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西 have no choice 没有选择的余地 make a choice 做出选择 *3.can't choose but do sth = have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择，只好... 【即时小练】 1. You have no _______________ (choose) but to work hard. 2. He _______________ (choose) a wooden box as his gift yesterday. 3. It’s important for us _______________ (choose) good books to read. 4. This is a good _______________ (choose) for your summer holiday. 5. She is _______________ (choose) as the group leader by us. 【答案】1. choice 2. chose 3. to choose 4. choice 5. chosen 5：What has changed about communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化？→We can get in touch so easily through modern communication. It has become quick and easy通过现代通信，我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。它已经变得快捷又方便。 【详解】get in touch 短语 含义 使用场景 get in touch with sb 主动去联络、建立联系 很久没见、有事找对方 stay in touch (with sb) 保持联系 日常持续往来 keep in touch (with sb) 保持联系（和 stay 通用） 写信、微信经常沟通 lose touch (with sb) 失去联系 断联，很久不往来 例句对比： 1. Please get in touch with me if you need help.需要帮忙就联系我。 2. We still stay in touch after graduation.毕业后我们依旧保持联系。 3. I lost touch with my primary classmates.我和小学同学失去联系了。 高频拓展搭配 1. be in touch (with sb)（状态）和某人有联系 例：We are in touch every week. 我们每周都联系。 2. put sb in touch with sb牵线，介绍两人认识联系 例：My teacher put me in touch with that writer.老师帮我联系上了那位作家 【即时小练】 1. I tried _______________ (get in touch with) my old friend yesterday. 2. We _______________ (keep in touch with) each other by WeChat since we left school. 3. Don’t _______________ (lose touch with) your classmates after graduation. 4. It’s important _______________ (stay in touch with) your parents when you are away. 5. She decided _______________ (get in touch with) her pen pal this weekend. 【答案】1. to get in touch with 2. have kept in touch with 3. lose touch with 4. to stay in touch with 5. to get in touch with 6：How about going swimming together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样？→Sounds great.听起来很棒。 【探究】在日常交际中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种： (1)“Let's＋动词原形．”意为 咱们……吧； (2)“Shall we＋动词原形？”意为“我们……好吗？” (3)“What/How about＋.­ing/名词/代词宾格？”意为“……怎么样？” ； (4)“Why don't we/you＋动词原形？”或“Why not＋动词原形？”意为“为什么不……呢？” (5)“Would you like (to do)…？”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗；？” (6)“Would/Will you please＋动词原形？”意为“请你……好吗？” 【即时小练】 1. Let’s _______________ (plant) more trees to protect the environment. 2. What about _______________ (recycle) waste paper in our school? 3. Why not _______________ (take) the underground to save energy? 4. Shall we _______________ (visit) the environmental organization this afternoon? 5. Would you like _______________ (join) us to clean up the park? 【答案】1. plant 2. recycling 3. take 4. visit 5. to join 7：Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。 【妙辨异同】happen/take place 辨析 意义及用法 相同点 happen 意为“发生”，强调事情发生的偶然性。 无被动语态 take place 意为“发生”，常指预期/预定的事情发生。 【即时小练】 1. Great changes _______________ (take place) in our hometown over the past ten years. 2. What _______________ (happen) to you yesterday? You looked sad. 3. The school sports meeting _______________ (take place) next Friday. 4. No one knows what _______________ (happen) in the future. 5. The accident _______________ (happen) on a rainy night last month. 【答案】1. have taken place 2. happened 3. will take place 4. will happen 5. happened 8：China is playing a more and more important role in international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and fighting against natural disasters.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。 ①play a more and more important role in (发挥着越来越重要的作用) 结构拆解： play a role in = 在...中扮演角色/起作用。 more and more = 越来越...（比较级+and+比较级，表示程度递增）。 注意语法陷阱：介词 in 后面必须接名词或动名词（doing）。 例句：Technology is playing an increasingly vital role in reshaping the global economic landscape.（科技在重塑全球经济格局中正发挥着日益重要的作用。） ② fight against (抗击、与...作斗争) ③natural disasters (自然灾害) 【即时小练】 1. Computers _______________ (play a more and more important role in) our daily life. 2. The Internet _______________ (play a more and more important role in) students’ study nowadays. 3. We should try our best _______________ (protect) the environment. 4. Trees can _______________ (protect) us from strong winds. 5. We are _______________ (fight against) pollution to make our home greener. 6. We should try our best _______________ (fight against) desert growth. 【答案】1.play a more and more important role in 2.plays a more and more important role in 3. to protect 4. protect 5. fighting against 6. to fight against 9：People can chat with each other or enjoy themselves on their smartphones. 人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。 enjoy oneself “玩得高兴，过得愉快” enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。 We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。 【考向】【易错点】 enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时，只能用动名词形式，不能跟不定式。 He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。 You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。 【即时小练】 1. I hope you _______________ (enjoy oneself) during the school trip. 2. We _______________ (enjoy oneself) at the party last night. 3. The little girl always _______________ (enjoy oneself) in the park on weekends. 4. Boys, help yourselves and _______________ (enjoy oneself)! 5. She _______________ (enjoy oneself) when she visited the zoo. 【答案】1.enjoy yourselves 2.enjoyed ourselves 3.enjoys herself 4.enjoy yourselves 5. enjoyed herself 10：By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya recently?顺便问一下，你最近见过小雅吗？ →No, she has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.没有，她和她的父母一起去广州了。 【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in 辨析 意义及用法 have been to 意为“去过某地”，强调去过但已回来，常与频度副词或ever连用。 have gone to 意为“去了某地”，强调去了但还未回来。 have been in 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常与一段时间连用。 【注意】 (1)与一段时间连用时，只能用have been in，不能用have been/gone to。 (2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，介词to省略。 【即时小练】 1. My father _______________ (have been to) Beijing twice. 2. —Where is Tom? —He _______________ (have gone to) the library. He will be back soon. 3. I _______________ (have been in) this city for three years. 4. They _______________ (have been to) Shanghai before, so they know it well. 5. She _______________ (have been in) her hometown since 2020. 【答案】1. has been to 2. has gone to 3. have been in 4. have been to 5. has been in 11：Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。 consider作动词，意为“仔细考虑；认为，觉得”。常见用法如下： 单词 词性 含义 可数性 例句 experience 名词 经验 不可数 U She has much experience. experience 名词 经历 可数 C，复数 experiences That’s a terrible experience. experience 动词 经历、体验 无单复数 We experienced difficulties. experienced 形容词 有经验的 修饰人 an experienced teacher 【即时小练】 1. He is considering _______________ (consider) changing his plan. 2. It’s a great _______________ (experience) to visit the ancient museum. 3. We should consider how _______________ (experience) different kinds of life. 4. She _______________ (experience) many hard things when she was young. 5. We consider him _______________ (be) a helpful student. 【答案】1. considering 2. experience 3. to experience 4. experienced 5. to be 12：Many people can afford to travel to many different places far away from their homes.许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。 afford的用法： 【即时小练】 1. We can’t afford _______________ (afford) such an expensive wooden guitar. 2. He can afford _______________ (afford) to go on a trip this summer. 3. Nobody could afford _______________ (afford) the house at that time. 4. We are not able _______________ (afford) to buy the new bike. 5. Can you afford _______________ (afford) to help him? 【答案】1. to afford 2. to afford 3. to afford 4. to afford 5. to afford 13：But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same. 但无论我们说什么语言，我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。 care vi vt. &.关心，关注，在意 care的常用短语： 【拓展】care还可以作名词，意为“小心；照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的；仔细的)和 careless(粗心的)；对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地；仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。 【即时小练】 1. You must be _______________ (care) when you cross the road. 2. He did his homework _______________ (care), so there were many mistakes. 3. With your _______________ (care), the little plant grows well. 4. Please listen to the teacher _______________ (care) in class. 5. Don’t be _______________ (care) with your things. 【答案】1. careful 2. carelessly 3. care 4. carefully 5. careless 14：As the city has made great efforts in fighting against air pollution for these years,people can see much clearer sky now. make efforts in doing sth努力做某事；倾力做某事 拓展： 1.make efforts to do sth（最常用）努力去做某事 例句：We make great efforts to reduce waste.我们努力减少垃圾。 2.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事（高频满分短语） 例句：We spare no effort in protecting the sky.我们不遗余力守护蓝天。 【即时小练】 1. We should _______________ (make efforts in protect) the environment. 2. She _______________ (make efforts in improve) her English every day. 3. They are _______________ (make efforts in build) a greener hometown. 【答案】1. make efforts in protecting 2. makes efforts in improving 3. making efforts in building 15：Noise pollution not only causes many health problems in humans hearing, but also harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean. 噪音污染不仅会导致人类听力的多种健康问题，还会伤害动物，尤其是海洋中的鲸鱼和海豚。 ①【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and… 辨析 意义 谓语动词(连接主语时) either… or… 或者……或者……； 要么……要么…… 就近一致 neither… nor… 既不……也不…… not only… but (also)… 不但……而且…… both… and… ……和……都…… 用复数 ②【用法详解】especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”。当陈述某一事实，并列举一个具有代表性的例子做进一步的强调时，常用especially，其后可接名词、介词短语等。 Eg.Aunt Alice loves animals, especially dogs. 艾丽斯阿姨喜爱动物，尤其爱狗。 I love Rome, especially in the spring. 我喜欢罗马，尤其是春天的罗马。 【拓展延伸】especially还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 Eg.I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即时小练】 1. Not only you but also he _______________ (be) interested in protecting the environment. 2. Both my brother and I _______________ (enjoy) reading books about great inventions. 3. Either my mum or my dad _______________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow. 4. I like outdoor activities, _______________ (especial) hiking in the mountains. 5. Neither Tom nor his friends _______________ (know) how to solve the problem. 【答案】1. is 2. enjoy 3. will attend 4. especially 5. know 16：There used to be few trees and I was always hungry.那里过去树木很少，而且我总是挨饿。 “used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”，只用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。 Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。 Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗？ 【易混辨析】重点：be used to doing, be used to do与used to do be used to doing sth. 意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”，其中to是介词，后跟动词 ing 形式 be used to do sth. 意为“ 被用来做某事 ”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___ used to do sth. 意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”，只用于过去时态，其中to是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形 Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。 He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。 【即时小练】 1. My grandpa _______________ (use to) walk along the river after supper. 2. The knife _______________ (be used to) cut fruit. 3. She is used to _______________ (get) up early every morning. 4. I didn’t _______________ (use to) drink coffee. 5. We get used to _______________ (live) in the small village now. 【答案】1. used to 2. is used to 3. getting 4. use to 5. living 17：Noises are unpleasant sounds.噪音是令人不愉快的声音。 辨析please， pleased， pleasure与pleasant 词汇 意义及用法 please 动词，意为“使愉快，使满意”。另外，也可作感叹词，意为“请”。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的”，作表语，常修饰人。常用结构：be pleased with对……感到满意；be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。 pleasure 名词，作“高兴，快乐，愉快，满意”讲时，为不可数名词；作“乐事，快事”讲时，为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。（帮忙之后表示不客气） With pleasure. 很乐意。（帮忙之前表示乐意效劳） pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，作定语或表语。 如： ①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。 ②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。 ③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。 ④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。 【即时小练】 1. I’m _______________ (please) to meet you here. 2. It’s my _______________ (please) to help you. 3. We had a _______________ (please) trip to the zoo last week. 4. _______________ (please) pass me the book about environmental protection. 5. The news made all of us _______________ (please). 【答案】1.pleased 2. pleasure 3. pleasant 4. Please 5. pleased 18：He founded a sand-control company and led people to set up blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms.他创办了一家治沙公司，并带领人们设置防护栏，以保护树木免受沙尘暴的侵害。 ①lead动词，意为“带路；领路”，其过去式是 led 。常用短语：lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”；lead to“（道路等）通往……；引起；导致”。 Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。 This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。 ②protect v.→protection n.保护；防护 protect的用法 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”。 常见用法：protect sb./sth. （against/from sth.），意为“保护某人/某物（免受……）”。 如： ①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。 ②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。 【即时小练】 1. The guide _______________ (lead) us to visit the park yesterday. 2. We should try our best _______________ (protect) the wild animals. 3. The heavy smoke can lead to _______________ (pollute) the air. 4. Trees _______________ (protect) us against the strong sun. 5. He will _______________ (lead) our team to fight against pollution. 【答案】1. led 2. to protect 3. polluting 4. protect 5. lead 19：This is a great way to reduce the number of new plastic bags.这是减少新塑料袋数量的一种好方法。 【易混辨析】重点：the number of与a number of 短语 用法 图解助记 the number of 表示“ ……的数量 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 （单数/复数）形式 a number of 表示“ 许多 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 （单数/复数）形式，其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰 Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。 A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。 【即时小练】 1. A number of students _______________ (enjoy) protecting the environment. 2. The number of trees in our town _______________ (increase) year by year. 3. A number of visitors _______________ (come) to the park every spring. 4. The number of volunteers _______________ (be) getting larger and larger. 5. A number of girls _______________ (take) part in the activity last week. 【答案】1. enjoy 2. increases 3. come 4. is 5. took 20：By turning deserts into forests, we can help slow down the climate change, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms.通过把沙漠变成森林，我们可以帮助减缓气候变化、降低气温并减少沙尘暴。 by的用法 用法 意义 例句 by ＋v.－ing形式 通过……方式（途径） He makes a living by teaching.他通过教书谋生。 by＋时间点 在……之前；不迟于 You must be home by 10：00 p.m.你必须晚上十点之前到家。 by＋交通工具 乘坐 He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑自行车去上班。 by＋地点名词 在……旁； 靠近 She is sitting by the window.她正坐在窗户旁边。 【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中：by the way 顺便问一下；by mistake 错误地；by hand 手工；by oneself 靠自己；by accident 偶然，意外地 【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”，相当于change ... into ...。 Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。 turn的用法 作动词，意为“转向，转身”。 Turn right at the traffic lights. 在红绿灯处向右拐。 作系动词，意为“变得；达到”。 Leaves turn brown in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。She turned 18 last year. 她去年满18岁了。 作名词，意为“轮流” it’s one’s turn to do sth.“轮到……做某事”， take turns doing sth./to do sth. “轮流做某事” It’s your turn to do the dishes. 轮到你洗碗了。We take turns cleaning the classroom. 我们轮流打扫教室。 turn on，turn off，turn down与turn up 四者均为动词短语，当其后的宾语为名词时，名词放在介词前后均可；当其后的宾语为代词时，代词必须放在turn与介词的中间。其具体用法如下： turn on “打开(自来水、煤气等)”或“开(电灯、电视等)电源” Would you mind turning on the electric fan？你介意打开电风扇吗？ turn off “关掉，切断” Tom, turn off the tap！There is water all over the floor. Tom，关上水龙头！满地都是水。 turn down “调小，关小音量” Do you mind if I turn down the music？你介意我把音乐调小声些吗？ “拒绝” There’s no reason to turn down this suggestion. 没有理由拒绝这个建议。 turn up “调大，使音量变大” There are so many people here. Let’s turn up the music. 这里有如此多的人。让我们把音乐声音调大些吧。 “突然出现” She turned up at my house late one night. 一天深夜她突然来到我家。 【即时小练】 1. Please _______________ (turn off) the lights when you leave the room. 2. It’s too dark. Let’s _______________ (turn on) the light. 3. The radio is too noisy. Would you mind _______________ (turn down) it? 4. We can _______________ (turn) waste _______________ (into) useful things. 5. He _______________ (turn up) the TV to hear the news clearly last night. 【答案】1. turn off 2. turn on 3. turning down 4. turn; into 5. turned up 21：Have you read anything interesting these days?这些天你读了什么有趣的东西吗？ anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时，应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 （前面/后面）。 Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。 Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗? 【即时小练】 1. I have _______________ (something, interest) to tell you. 2. Is there _______________ (anything, surprise) in today’s newspaper? 3. There is _______________ (nothing, worry) about. 4. We want to go _______________ (somewhere, relax) this weekend. 5. Did you meet _______________ (anyone, help) in the environmental club? 【答案】1. something interesting 2. anything surprising 3. nothing to worry 4. somewhere relaxing 5. anyone helpful 22：We should then try our best to reduce pollution.那么，我们应该尽最大努力减少污染。 (1)try作动词时，其常见用法如下： 常见搭配： try on 试穿 try out 参加……选拔；试用 如： We try to make our community a better place. 我们尽力让我们的小区变得更好。 如： He always helps his mother with the housework. 他总是帮着妈妈做一些家务。 Cooking helps us (to) show our love for family members. 做饭有助于我们向家人展示我们的爱。 Help yourself to some tea, Linda. 随便喝点茶吧，Linda。 I can’t help laughing when I watch them. 当看着他们的时候，我忍不住笑起来！ She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble. 每当我有困难时，她总是帮我克服。 【即时小练】 1. You should try your best _______________ (protect) the environment. 2. Why not try _______________ (plant) more trees? It may work. 3. He tried _______________ (finish) the work on time, but he failed. 4. Let’s try _______________ (use) this new machine to clean the park. 5. I will try my best _______________ (solve) the problem. 【答案】1. to protect 2. planting 3. to finish 4. using 5. to solve 23：What is invention in your eyes? invent(v)发明 invention(n)发明物(可数)→inventor(n)发明者→inventive(adj)有创造力的 辨析discover， invent与create 词汇 意义及用法 discover 意为“发现”，指发现本来已经存在，但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。 invent 意为“发明”，指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。 create 意为“创作；创造”，指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术、理论、美食等。 如： ①Only later did she discover a talent for writing.她后来才发现自己的写作天分。 ②Who invented the telephone？ 谁发明了电话机？ ③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。 【即时小练】 1. Columbus _______________ (discover) America in 1492. 2. Who _______________ (invent) the first practical light bulb? 3. Artists can _______________ (create) beautiful works with simple materials. 4. Scientists _______________ (discover) many new kinds of plants so far. 5. People _______________ (invent) many useful machines to help us in the past. 【答案】1. discovered 2. invented 3. create 4. have discovered 5. invented 24：What's the lock made of?这把锁是由什么制成的？ →It's made of metal.它是由金属制成的。 be made of 意为“由……制造而成”，表示从制成品中可以看出原材料。如： The dress is made of silk. 这件礼服是丝制的。 【妙辨异同】be made of, be made from, be made in, be made into, be made by与be made up of be made of “由……制成”，指能看出原材料。 Books are made of paper. 书是用纸张制成的。 be made from “由……制成”，指不能看出原材料。 This kind of wine is made from grapes. 这种酒是由葡萄酿成的。 be made in “在……(地点) 制造”。 People across the world can buy things made in China. 全世界的人都可以买到中国制品。 be made into “被制成……”。 The wood will be made into a chair. 这块木头将被制成一把椅子。 be made by “由……(某人) 制作”。 These gifts are all made by my grandma. 这些礼物都是我奶奶制作的。 be made up of “由……组成”。 Your life should be made up of happiness. 快乐才是你的人生。 【即时小练】 1. The desk _______________ (be made of) wood. 2. Paper _______________ (be made from) wood. 3. This watch _______________ (be made in) Shanghai. 4. Wood can _______________ (be made into) paper. 5. The model plane _______________ (be made by) my brother yesterday. 6. Our team _______________ (be made up of) five students. 【答案】1. is made of 2. is made from 3. is made in 4. be made into 5. was made by 6. is made up of 25：What's it used for?它是用来做什么的？ →It's used for locking the door.它是用来锁门的。 be used for意为“被用来做……”(表目的)，其后可跟名词或动词­ing形式，跟动词­ing时，可与be used to do 互换。如： The spoon is used for having soup. ＝ The spoon is used to have soup. 那把勺子是用来喝汤的。 【妙辨异同】used to, be used to doing, be used to do, be used for, be used as与be used by ①“某人 ＋ used to ＋ 动词原形”表示“某人过去常做某事(但现在不做了)”，是过去时态； ②“某人 ＋ be/get(s) used to ＋ 动词­ing”表示“某人习惯于做某事”，通常是一般现在时； ③“某物 ＋ be used to ＋ 动词原形”表示“某物被用于做某事”，它和be used for sth./doing sth.都可以表示“被用来……”(表目的)； ④be used as表示“作为……被使用”或“(被)用作……”，后面接名词，强调使用的工具及手段； ⑤be used by表示“由……使用”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。如： I used to collect stamps, but now I am used to drawing. 我过去常常集邮，但是现在我习惯画画。 Wood can be used to make paper. 木材可以被用来造纸。 The knife is used to cut apples. ＝ The knife is used for cutting apples. 小刀被用来切苹果。 A knife is used as a tool. 小刀被用作一种工具。 【即时小练】 1. He _______________ (used to) swim in the river when he was young. 2. This tool _______________ (be used to) cut branches. 3. She is used to _______________ (get) up early every morning. 4. The box _______________ (be used as) a table in the small room. 5. This kind of machine _______________ (be used by) farmers to protect crops. 【答案】1. used to 2. is used to 3. getting 4. is used as 5. is used by 26: It must be a lot more convenient to travel in cars than on horses.坐汽车旅行肯定比骑马方便得多。 ①It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 （1）It’s＋adj.＋（for sb.） ＋to do sth.，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。如：It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。 （2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。如：It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我，真是太善良了。 ②【用法详解】must情态动词，意为“一定；肯定”，表示有把握的、肯定的推测，后跟动词__原形__。must be表示“一定是；必定是”。 Eg. He must live near here. 他一定住在这附近。 The light is still on, so he must be at home. 灯还亮着，所以他一定在家。 【拓展延伸】表示有把握的、否定的推测用can’t，意为“不可能”，而must的否定形式 mustn’t ，则表示禁止，不表示否定的推测。 Eg.It can’t be my book. Mine is a bit newer. 这不可能是我的书，我的稍微新一点。 Children mustn’t play with fire. 孩子们不能玩火。（强调禁止此行为） 【即时小练】 1. It’s important for us _______________ (protect) the environment. 2. It’s kind _______________ (of/for) him to help fight against pollution. 3. It’s difficult for them _______________ (finish) the work in one day. 4. It’s careless _______________ (of/for) you to leave the tap running. 5. It’s necessary for us _______________ (make) efforts to save water. 【答案】1. to protect 2. of 3. to finish 4. of 5. to make 27:This means that a need or a problem encourages creative efforts to meet the need or solve the problem.这意味着一种需求或问题会激发创造性的努力，以满足该需求或解决该问题。 encourage的用法 　　encourage为动词，意为“鼓励”。常见搭配： （1）encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 如：They encourage boys to take part in ball games. 他们鼓励男孩们参加球类比赛。 （2）encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人 如：My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。 【即时小练】 1. Teachers encourage us _______________ (protect) our environment. 2. We are encouraged _______________ (take) part in the activity. 3. My mum always _______________ (encourage) me to keep fighting against pollution. 4. His words gave me much _______________ (encourage). 5. They encouraged him _______________ (make) efforts to study hard. 【答案】1. to protect 2. to take 3. encourages 4. encouragement 5. to make 28:He believed that machines were too slow to process images.他认为机器处理图像的速度太慢了。 too... to...结构 （1）too ＋adj.＋（for sb.）＋ to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）太……以致不能做某事”。 （2）too... to...结构可与so... that...结构进行转换，也可与not... enough to do...结构换用。如： The bag is too small to hold all these books. ＝ The bag is so small that it can’t hold all these books. ＝ The bag is not big enough to hold all these books.这个包太小了，装不下所有的这些书。 【即时小练】 1. The box is too heavy _______________ (carry). 2. He is too young _______________ (understand) the problem. 3. The river is too wide for us _______________ (swim) across. 【答案】1. to carry 2. to understand 3. to swim 29:Can you explain how a discovery is different from an invention?你能解释一下发现和发明有什么不同吗？ explain的用法 （1）explain为动词，意为“解释；说明”。常见用法如下： 搭配及意义 例句 explain （sth.） to sb. 向某人解释（某事） The teacher explained the problem to the whole class. 这位老师向全班同学解释了这个问题。 explain to sb. who/how/... She explained to them what to do in an emergency. 她向他们说明了紧急情况下应采取的行动。 explain＋宾语从句/特殊疑问词＋不定式（短语） Well， that doesn’t explain why you didn’t phone. 噢，那不是你不打电话的理由。 （2）explain的名词形式为explanation，意为“解释；说明；阐述”。 【即时小练】 1. Please explain the problem _______________ (we). 2. He tried to explain to us how _______________ (protect) the environment. 3. She _______________ (explain) the rules to me yesterday. 4. Our teacher will explain _______________ (we) why we should save water. 5. He explained to us what _______________ (do) next. 【答案】1. to us 2. to protect 3. explained 4. to us 5. to do 30:He made characters on special soil pieces so that they could be reused later to print other books.他在特殊的土块上刻字，以便之后可以重复使用它们来印刷其他书籍。 (1)so that可以用来引导目的状语从句，表示“以便为了”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，此时可与in order that互换。如， I spend more time learning English every day so that/in order that I can make greater progress this year.为了今年取得更大进步，我每天用更多的时间学英语。 (2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此。所以”。此时不能与in order that互换。如： Yesterday morning I got up early, so that I caught the first bus. 昨天早上我起床很早，因此，我赶上了早班车。 辨析·运用 so... that...与 such... that... ① so... that...意为“如此……以至于……” 引导结果状语从句.so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。so...that..常用的句型结构有： •so+形容词/副词+that从句； •so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句； •so +many/few+名词复数+that从句； • so + much/little +不可数名词+that 从句。如： The teacher is so kind that we all like him.这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。 This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。 There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。 I have so little money that I can't afford a car.我的钱太少，买不起车。 2 such .. that.意为“如此……以至于……”。连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so...that...意思相同，但用法不同。so...that...结构中，so后边可用形容词或副词，而such... that... 结构中such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。such... that...常用的句型结构有： • such +形容词+名词复数+that从句： • such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that 从句； •such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句。如： They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。 She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. 她是这么可爱的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗户用力很大，玻璃都震碎了。 【即时小练】 1. He studies hard _______________ (so that) he can protect the environment better. 2. The river is _______________ (so) dirty that no fish can live in it. 3. It is _______________ (such) a pleasant trip that we will never forget it. 4. The boy ran _______________ (quick) that he caught up with the volunteer. 5. It is _______________ (such) useful information that we should keep it. 【答案】1. so that 2. so 3. such 4. so quickly 5. such 31:It was one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century.它是20世纪最伟大的发明之一。 【用法详解】重点：“one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词”表示在某一范围内“最……的……之一”。 Eg.Mary is one of the tallest students in our class. 玛丽是我们班最高的学生之一。 【拓展延伸】“one of the +复数名词”意为“……中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 （单数/复数）形式。 Eg.One of the girls is my sister. 这群女孩当中有一个是我妹妹。 【即时小练】 1. One of the _______________ (great) inventions is the light bulb. 2. This is one of the _______________ (important) ways to protect the environment. 3. One of the volunteers _______________ (be) my English teacher. 4. Guilin is one of the _______________ (beautiful) cities in China. 5. One of the _______________ (solve) is to stop polluting the river. 【答案】1. greatest 2. most important 3. is 4. most beautiful 5. solutions 32:While people were singing, the post-it notes were used to keep the pages from falling out.当人们在唱歌时，便利贴被用来防止书页掉落。 keep的用法 protect…from… /keep…from doing /stop…from doing 辨析 ✅短语辨析 1. protect … from … 保护…… 免受……（保护，让不受伤害） from 后接名词 / 动名词 例：We protect trees from the strong wind. 我们保护树木免受大风侵袭。 2. stop … from doing sth 阻止…… 做某事（制止，动作可以发生也可以正要发生） from 有时可省略。 例：Nothing can stop us from studying. 没有什么能阻止我们学习。 3. keep … from doing sth 阻止…… 做某事（防止，不让某事发生，from不能省略） 例：We must keep children from playing by the river. 我们必须阻止孩子在河边玩耍。 【即时小练】 1. We should protect plants _______________ (be) hurt by the strong sunlight. 2. Nothing can stop us _______________ (fight) against pollution. 3. We must keep children _______________ (play) near the river alone. 4. Trees can protect us _______________ (suffer) from the heavy rain. 5. The wall stopped the wind _______________ (blow) the sand to our village. 【答案】1. from being 2. from fighting 3. from playing 4. from suffering 5. from blowing 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1．I think someone has ________ my mobile phone, since I can’t find it anywhere. (偷) 【答案】stolen 【详解】句意：我觉得有人偷了我的手机，因为我到处都找不到它。空前“has”提示用现在完成时，结构为“has+过去分词”。“偷”英文对应单词是steal，其过去分词为stolen。 2．Great changes have taken place in my ________ (家乡) over the years. 【答案】hometown 【详解】句意：这些年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。hometown为名词，意思是“家乡”，my hometown表示“我的家乡”。故填hometown。 3．We will take part in a ________ (慈善) activity this Sunday. 【答案】charity 【详解】句意：这个星期天我们将参加一项慈善活动。根据汉语提示可知，charity表示“慈善”，此处作定语修饰名词activity，charity activity“慈善活动”，应填charity。 4．The streets were ________ (狭窄的) in the past, but now they are wide. 【答案】narrow 【详解】句意：过去街道很狭窄，但现在很宽阔。根据“were”以及汉语提示，此处应填形容词narrow“狭窄的”作表语。 5．It is a good way to relax in your ________ (闲暇) time. 【答案】leisure 【详解】句意：这是你闲暇时间放松的好方法。“leisure time”为固定搭配，意为“闲暇时间”，此处用名词 leisure修饰time，故填leisure。 6．The warmth has ________ (传播，散开) across the city ever since strangers began to help each other during the heavy rain. 【答案】spread 【详解】句意：自从陌生人在大雨中开始互相帮助以来，温暖已经传遍了整座城市。括号内中文提示为“传播，散开”，对应动词“spread”，且“has”后接过去分词构成现在完成时，“spread”的过去分词与原形同形，故填spread。 7．Throwing batteries into the normal bin is ________ (有害的) to the environment. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：把电池扔进普通垃圾桶对环境有害。“有害的”英文是harmful；固定搭配be harmful to表示 “对……有害”。故填harmful。 8．The report has a short ________ (介绍) at the beginning. 【答案】introduction 【详解】句意：这份报告在开头有一段简短的介绍。根据中文提示可知，“介绍”对应的英文是introduction，是可数名词，不定冠词a后接名词单数，故填introduction。 9．The singer decided to ________ (捐赠) his old books to the village school. 【答案】donate 【详解】句意：歌手决定将他的旧书捐赠给乡村学校。donate“捐赠”，动词；decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，固定搭配，故填donate。 10．We should ________ ________ all kinds of pollution. (与……作斗争) 【答案】 fight against 【详解】句意：我们应该与各种各样的污染作斗争。should是情态动词，后面接动词原形；fight against为固定短语，意为“与……作斗争”。 11．Plenty of farmland ________ green crops with the help of modern farming skills.（被……覆盖） 【答案】is covered with 【详解】句意：借助现代农业技术，大片农田被绿色庄稼覆盖。根据汉语提示，be covered with“被……覆盖”，主语Plenty of farmland为不可数名词，be动词用is。 12．The first practical ________ (电灯泡) brought bright light to people’s dark nights. 【答案】bulb 【详解】句意：第一个实用的电灯泡为人们漆黑的夜晚带来了光亮。根据汉语提示可知，bulb “灯泡”，名词，由The first可知用单数，故填bulb。 13．The first car is a great ________ (发明) that makes long-distance traveling easier. 【答案】invention 【详解】句意：第一辆汽车是一项伟大的发明，它让长途旅行变得更容易。根据汉语提示可知，invention“发明”，名词，a后接单数名词。 14．The inventor studied and tested ________ (日日夜夜) to make his idea come true. 【答案】day and night 【详解】句意：这位发明家日日夜夜地研究和测试，以使他的想法变成现实。“日日夜夜”在英语中常用固定短语day and night。 15．Please take your ________ (雨衣). It’s going to rain. 【答案】raincoat 【详解】句意：带上你的雨衣，马上就要下雨了。“It’s going to rain.”表明即将下雨。在下雨的情境下，需要带上防雨的衣物，“雨衣”常见的英文表达是“raincoat” ，所以此处应填“raincoat”。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Students ________ (encourage) to read more paper books nowadays. 【答案】are encouraged 【详解】句意：如今学生们被鼓励阅读更多纸质书籍。主语Students（学生）和encourage（鼓励）之间是被动关系，表示“被鼓励”；nowadays意为 “如今”，是一般现在时的标志。一般现在时被动语态结构：am/is/are + 动词过去分词；主语students是复数，be动词用are，encourage的过去分词为encouraged。故填are encouraged。 2．As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ (know) as the “mother river” of the Chinese nation. 【答案】is known 【详解】句意：众所周知，长江被称为中华民族的“母亲河”。这里用到固定搭配be known as“被称为”，主语the Yangtze River是单数，句子用一般现在时，be动词用is，因此填is known。 3．A year has twelve months and is ________ (divide) into four seasons. 【答案】divided 【详解】句意：一年有十二个月，被划分为四个季节。句中主语A year和动词divide之间是被动关系，表示“被划分”，and连接并列谓语，一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+过去分词，主语为单数，divide的过去分词为divided。 4．Most of the hikers put on bright ________ (raincoat) when it began to pour. 【答案】raincoats 【详解】句意：当开始倾盆大雨时，大多数徒步旅行者穿上了鲜艳的雨衣。句中主语是most of the hikers（大多数徒步旅行者），对应的雨衣是多件，需要把可数名词raincoat变为复数形式raincoats。 5．These great inventions have ________ (true) changed our lives in different ways. 【答案】truly 【详解】句意：这些伟大的发明真的在不同方面改变了我们的生活。true“真实的；真正的”，形容词，此处修饰动词changed要用副词，故填truly。 6．Great changes ________ (take) place in our hometown since villages began to develop. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：自从乡村开始发展，我们家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。since引导时间状语从句：since + 一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，结构为have/has + 过去分词。主句主语Great changes是复数，助动词用have，take的过去分词为taken。故填have taken。 7．He ________ (live) in this city since 2010. 【答案】has lived 【详解】句意：自从2010年以来，他就住在这座城市。时间标志词since 2010，意为“自从2010年以来”，是现在完成时的提示词，现在完成时的结构为have/has+动词过去分词。本句主语He是第三人称单数，助动词选用has；括号内动词live的过去分词为lived。故填has lived。 8．After the sandstorm, the town ________ (rebuild) many houses with help. 【答案】rebuilt 【详解】句意：沙尘暴过后，这个小镇在援助下重建了许多房屋。rebuild “重建”，动词，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式rebuilt。 9．— How long has your city sorted waste? — It has ________ (sort) waste since 2020. 【答案】sorted 【详解】句意：——你们城市垃圾分类多久了？——自从2020年起它就已经开始垃圾分类了。sort 意为“分类”时，是动词，根据句中的“since 2020”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，空格前已有has，故填过去分词sorted。 10．The ________ (introduce) of the three Rs helps us live a greener life. 【答案】introduction 【详解】句意：“3R理念”的介绍有助于我们过上更环保的生活。introduce “介绍”，动词，the后需要接名词作主语，因此填名词introduction。 11．Our school has just ________ (build) a new gym for all the students to use. 【答案】built 【详解】句意：我们学校刚刚建造了一个新体育馆，供所有学生使用。根据“has just”提示，此处为现在完成时，需填过去分词。build的过去分词是built。 12．The ________ (develop) of technology has changed our way of life greatly. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：科技的发展极大地改变了我们的生活方式。根据“The”及“of technology”提示，需填名词作主语。develop是动词，其名词形式是development“发展”，为不可数名词。 13．The news that the new park would open filled the children with great ________ (excite). 【答案】excitement 【详解】句意：新公园将要开放的消息让孩子们充满了极大的兴奋。句中“great”是形容词，形容词后需要接名词，同时“fill sb. with sth.”是固定搭配，意为“使某人充满……”，此处需用名词作介词“with”的宾语。“excite”是动词，意为“使兴奋”，其对应的名词形式是“excitement”，意为“兴奋”，是不可数名词，符合语法及语境要求，应填excitement。 14．The small river was badly ________ (pollute) before the new clean-up plan worked. 【答案】polluted 【详解】句意：在新的清理方案生效之前，这条小河被严重污染了。polluted在句中作表语，构成被动结构be polluted；主语the small river和pollute之间是被动关系，be动词was已给出，pollute需变为过去分词polluted。故填polluted。 15．Leisure activities have changed greatly, and we all enjoy ________ (we) after school. 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：休闲活动发生了很大变化，放学后我们都玩得很开心。固定搭配enjoy oneself，表示“玩得愉快、过得开心”，主语是we，对应的反身代词是ourselves。 三、单项选择 1．—Have you finished your ________ on environmental protection? —Not yet. I need more information. A．idea B．joke C．report D．situation 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你完成关于环境保护的报告了吗？——还没有。我需要更多信息。idea主意；joke笑话；report报告；situation情况。根据答语“Not yet. I need more information.”可知，说话人正在完成某项任务且需要收集信息，结合“on environmental protection”可知是完成关于环保的报告，应填report。 2．— China has made great progress in high-speed railway and new energy in recent years. — ________ Our motherland is becoming stronger and stronger. A．That’s all right. B．I can’t agree more. C．Don’t mention it. D．Not at all. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国在高铁和新能源方面近年来取得了巨大进步。——我完全同意。我们的祖国正变得越来越强大。That’s all right.没关系。I can’t agree more.我完全同意。Don’t mention it.别客气。Not at all.一点也不，不客气。根据“Our motherland is becoming stronger and stronger.”可知，此处是赞同对方的观点，应填I can’t agree more。 3．We can make ________ online without using cash now. A．pay B．pays C．paying D．payment 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们现在可以在网上不用现金进行支付。pay支付，动词；pays支付，动词第三人称单数；paying支付，动名词/现在分词；payment支付，名词。make payment是固定短语，意为“进行支付”，应填payment。 4．—________ you finished the poster ________, dear? —Yes, Mum. A．Did; yet B．Did; already C．Have; already D．Have; yet 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——亲爱的，你已经完成海报了吗？——是的，妈妈。 Did助动词（一般过去时）；Have助动词（现在完成时）；already已经（用于肯定句）；yet还，尚未（yet用于否定句和疑问句的句末）。第一空，根据句中动词“finished”为过去分词可知，助动词应用Have；第二空，本句为疑问句，故第二空填yet。应填Have；yet。 5．—Has Mary watered the flowers in the secret garden yet? —Yes, she ________ it already. She ________ ten minutes ago. A．has done; has finished B．did; has finished C．did; finished D．has done; finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——玛丽给秘密花园里的花浇水了吗？——是的，她已经做了。她十分钟前完成的。 第一空根据时间状语“already”可知应用现在完成时has done；第二空根据时间状语“ten minutes ago”可知应用一般过去时finished。 6．He ________ live in the countryside, but he ________ in the city since 2020. A．used to; has lived B．was used to; lived C．used to; lived D．was used to; has lived 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他过去常常住在乡下，但是自2020年以来他就住在城市。 used to过去常常，后接动词原形；was used to习惯于，后接动名词。第一空后是动词原形live，表示过去常常居住，用used to；第二空由“since 2020”可知用现在完成时has lived。 7．Our school ________ us ________ free textbooks since last term. A．provided; for B．has provided; with C．provided; with D．has provided; for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从上学期以来，我们学校已经为我们提供了免费课本。 根据时间状语since last term可知，句子时态为现在完成时，主语Our school是第三人称单数，第一个空填has provided；provide sb. with sth.表示“提供某人某物”，provide sth. for sb.表示“为某人提供某物”，句中us是人，textbooks是物，因此介词用with。故填has provided；with。 8．—Where is your sister? I haven’t seen her for days. —She ________ Chengdu on business. She will be back next week. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你姐姐/妹妹在哪里？我好几天没见到她了。——她去成都出差了。她下周回来。 has gone to去了某地还未回来；has been to去过某地已经回来；has been in待在某地。根据“She will be back next week.”可知，她还没回来，现在不在说话现场，应填has gone to。 9．Please ________ the TV when you go out. Don’t waste electricity. A．turn off B．turn on C．turn into 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你出去的时候请关掉电视。不要浪费电。turn off关闭电器，turn on打开，turn into变成。根据“Don’t waste electricity”可知，出门为了省电应该关闭电视。 10．Grandpa ________ live in the quiet countryside, but he ________ the life in the city. A．used to, is used to B．used to, used to C．is used to, used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：爷爷过去常常住在安静的乡村，但他习惯于城市的生活。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to sth.习惯于某事。used to do sth.后接动词原形；be used to sth.中to是介词，后面接名词/名词短语；第一空后面是动词原形live，所以用used to，表示爷爷过去住在安静的乡下；根据后半句but转折及宾语the life可知，表示现在习惯于，所以用is used to。 11．The house is made of ________ materials. A．wood B．wooden C．woods D．wooded 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座房子是由木制材料制成的。wood“木头”；wooden“木制的”；woods“树林”；wooded“树木覆盖的”。根据“materials”前需要形容词作定语修饰，且表示“木制的”应用wooden。 12．A ________ helps people find directions when they are at sea. A．bulb B．compass C．balloon D．stamp 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当人们在海上时，指南针帮助他们找到方向。bulb灯泡；compass指南针；balloon气球；stamp邮票。根据“helps people find directions when they are at sea.”可知在海上辨别方向需要指南针。应填compass。 13．Edison was a great ________. He invented many useful things. A．invent B．invention C．inventor D．inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。他发明了很多有用的东西。 invent发明，动词；invention发明，名词；inventor发明家，名词；inventing发明，现在分词。根据“Edison was a great...”可知，冠词a和形容词great后需接表示人的单数名词，爱迪生是发明家。应填inventor。 14．Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times. A．explains B．was explained C．will be explained D．has explained 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很少有学生能理解这个句子，直到它被解释了两三次。 主句谓语“could understand”为过去式，提示从句时态为一般过去时；主语it指代the sentence，与动词explain之间是被动关系，需用被动语态“be+过去分词”，结合时态和语态要求，需填was explained。 15．Many trees ________ in our school every spring to make the environment better. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年春天，为了改善环境，我们学校都会种植许多树木。 时间状语every spring表明句子时态为一般现在时；主语Many trees与动词plant之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态be done结构；主语为复数，be动词用are。应填are planted。 四、完成句子 1．近年来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have ________ in China in recent years. 【答案】taken place 【详解】原句中“发生”是关键词，take place可以表示“发生”。本句为现在完成时，主语“Great changes”与“take place”之间是主动关系，且have后需接动词的过去分词形式，故填taken place。 2．这座城市在过去三年里改善了很多。 The city ________ ________ a lot over the past three years. 【答案】 has improved 【详解】原句中“改善了”是关键词，表示“改善”的动词是improve；“over the past three years”是现在完成时的标志，主语“The city”是单数，助动词用has，improve的过去分词是improved。故填has；improved。 3．我们已经用完了所有的墨水。 We have ________ ________ ________ all the ink. 【答案】 run out of 【详解】原句中“用完了”是关键词。表示“用完”的常用固定表达是run out of，本句为现在完成时，have后接动词过去分词，run的过去分词仍为run，主语是we，因此填run；out；of。 4．过去我常常步行去上学。（used to） I ________ ________ ________ to school on foot. 【答案】 used to go 【详解】原句中“过去常常”和“去上学”是关键词，used to表示过去常常做某事，后接动词原形，“去上学”是go to school。应填used；to；go。 5．我们已经和笔友们保持了多年的联系。（keep in touch with） We have ________ ________ ________ ________ our pen pals for many years. 【答案】 kept in touch with 【详解】原句中“和……保持联系”是关键词，提示短语keep in touch with。本句为现在完成时，have后接动词过去分词，keep的过去分词是kept，构成have kept in touch with，在句中作谓语。 6．在各种各样的帮助下，大多数人可以正确分类垃圾。 ________ different kinds of ________, most people can sort waste correctly. 【答案】 With help 【详解】原句中的关键信息是“在各种各样的帮助下”，其对应的英文表达是“with different kinds of help”，空格处缺“with”和“help”，句首首字母大写。故填With和help。 7．不同颜色的垃圾桶被用于不同的垃圾。 Waste bins of different colors ________ ________ ________ different kinds of waste. 【答案】 are used for 【详解】原句中“被用于”是关键词，表示被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，表示“被用于”的常用短语是“be used for+名词/动名词”，主语Waste bins是复数，be动词用are。故填are；used；for。 8．独立思考对我们来说是必要的。 ________ ________ necessary for us ________ ________ independently. 【答案】 It is to think 【详解】原句中“某事对某人来说是……的”和“独立思考”是关键词，“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”意思是“对某人来说做某事是……的”，为固定句型 ，it是形式主语，用来避免句子头重脚轻，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。“独立思考”的英文表达是“think independently”，因此前两个空填It is，后两个空填to think。 9．茶叶被许多西方国家的人广泛使用。 Tea leaves ________________ by many Western people. 【答案】are widely used 【详解】原句中“被广泛使用”是关键词，本句为一般现在时的被动语态，结构是：be+过去分词；主语Tea leaves是复数，be动词用are；“使用”对应的英文是use，过去分词是used；“广泛”对应的英文是widely，是副词，修饰动词used。 10．最普通的物品，从纸张到黏土，都被同学们变成了精美的物件。 The most common things, from paper to clay, were ___________ objects of beauty by students. 【答案】turned into 【详解】原句关键词是“变成”，turn into“变成”，中文“被……变成了”提示此处需用被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”，句中were已给出，故填turn的过去分词turned及介词into。 11．在指南针出现之前，水手们不得不依靠星星辨别方向。 Before the invention of the compass, sailors had to ________ ________________ to find direction. 【答案】 depend on stars 【详解】原句中“依靠”、“星星”是关键词。表示“依靠”的短语是depend on。本句为一般过去时，had to后接动词原形；“星星”用stars来表示，复数表一类事物。应填depend；on；stars。 12．中国古代四大发明曾是中国送给世界的礼物。 ________ were gifts from China to the world. 【答案】The four great inventions of ancient China 【详解】原句中“中国古代四大发明”是关键词，“中国古代四大发明”对应的表达为The four great inventions of ancient China，作句子主语。 13．结果，制作书籍变得更加容易。 ________, it became easier to ________. 【答案】 As a result make books 【详解】原句中“结果”、“制作书籍”是关键词。“As a result”表示“结果”，句首单词首字母大写；it在此处作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，to后面接动词原形，“制作书籍”用make books表示。应填As a result；make books。 14．第一部电话是亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔在1876年发明的。 The first telephone ________ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 【答案】was invented by 【详解】原句中“发明”是关键词，表示“发明”的单词是invent。主语telephone与动词invent之间是被动关系，且时间状语in 1876表明是一般过去时，此句为一般过去时的被动语态，主语the first telephone是单数，be动词用was，invent的过去分词为invented；by引出动作执行者。应填was invented by。 15．每年，这些古代发明都在这家博物馆展出。 These ancient inventions ________________ in this museum every year. 【答案】are on show 【详解】原句中“展出”是关键词，表示“展出”的短语是be on show，由“every year”可知句子用一般现在时，主语“inventions”是复数，故be动词用are。 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、阅读理解 A China is changing and developing very quickly. Many young people from home and abroad are talking about the changes. The following are some ▲ which young people made on a website message board. This is my first year in college, and I am Chinese. I’m very proud of China’s development. After I finish my studies in Canada, I will go back to China and start a business. I hope I can do something for the country. —Carmon, Toronto I’m a Chinese student. My hometown used to be very poor. But it has changed a lot now. Most people in my hometown have a better life and many have cars now. But I’m a little worried about the environment because of the rubbish in the river. —Zhou Li, Guangxi I spent two years studying in Beijing in the 1990s and I recently went back there on holiday. I couldn’t believe the changes which had taken place in such a short time. And I respect Chinese people for their wishes for success and their family values. I think these are important in China’s development process.—Jackson, Oxford I hope that China will become a successful and prosperous (繁荣的) country. There is still a long way to go. There are many challenges and difficulties ahead, but I am sure we can turn these challenges into opportunities and build a brighter future together. —Susan, Hong Kong 1．Which word can be put into “ ▲ ”? A．comments B．examples C．results D．suggestions 2．Where is Carmon now? A．In Guangxi. B．In Oxford. C．In Toronto. D．In Hong Kong. 3．How does Zhou Li feel about the changes in her hometown? A．Proud and surprised. B．Happy but worried. C．Surprised but sad. D．Excited but uninterested. 4．When did Jackson study in Beijing? A．In 1990. B．In the early 1990s. C．Less than 10 years ago. D．More than 20 years ago. 5．What can we learn from the text? A．Susan studied in Beijing for two years. B．Jackson dislikes Chinese family values. C．China is changing and developing very fast now. D．Carmon doesn’t want to start a business in China. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文以中国快速发展变化为背景，展示了四位来自不同地区的年轻人在网站留言板上发布的相关评论，分别表达了他们对中国发展的看法与感受。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“Many young people from home and abroad are talking about the changes. The following are some ▲ which young people made on a website message board.”，结合下文四位年轻人在留言板上的发言内容，可推知这些是人们针对中国变化发表的评论，因此空格处填comments。 2．根据文章第一个留言板块的署名“—Carmon, Toronto”，可知Carmon现在在多伦多。 3．根据文章第二个留言板块中“But it has changed a lot now. Most people in my hometown have a better life and many have cars now. But I’m a little worried about the environment because of the rubbish in the river.”，可知Zhou Li对家乡生活变好的变化感到开心，同时对河流垃圾引发的环境问题感到担忧，因此她的感受是开心但担忧。 4．根据文章第三个留言板块中“I spent two years studying in Beijing in the 1990s”，可知Jackson在20世纪90年代于北京学习，该时间距离现在已超过二十年，对应“More than 20 years ago”的表述。 5．根据文章第一段“China is changing and developing very quickly.”，可知中国正处于快速变化和发展的状态，该表述符合原文内容。 B Back in 1999, an American exchange teacher Ronald Sakolsky was deeply touched by Yin Yuzhen’s hard work on desert greening. So he raised 5,000 dollars to support her work in the Mu Us Desert. The two lost contact after donation. But Yin never forgot his help. Today, that 5,000-dollar donation has finally grown into over 50,000 trees. The desert has turned into thick woods, where wild animals come back and sandstorms are well controlled. Missing the kind foreign friend all the time, Yin made a public video and invited Sakolsky to see the forest for himself. The video spread quickly online. An online user wrote, “You give me a drop of water, I return a sea. You plant a single tree, I give back a spring.” With people’s help, they talked through a video call within 48 hours. Learning his small kindness created such great changes, Sakolsky felt greatly surprised and excited. Sakolsky has always loved Chinese culture and kept sharing what he learnt in China with his students after returning home. He gladly accepted Yin’s invitation and hoped to plant trees together in person. This moving story attracts wide attention online. More international friends have joined the tree-planting activity to make the earth greener. The lasting friendship and joint efforts fully show that all humans share one common home, and that kindness will always take root and grow strong. 1．What did Sakolsky donate the money for? A．To improve Yin’s life. B．To help plant trees. C．To protect wild animals. D．To make short videos. 2．What is the correct order of the events about Sakolsky? ①He made a donation to Yin. ②He gladly accepted Yin’s invitation. ③He talked with Yin through a video call. ④He shared Chinese culture with his students. A．①②④③ B．①④③② C．②③①④ D．②④①③ 3．Why does the writer mention the online user’s words in Paragraph 3? A．To share his life experiences. B．To offer readers some tips. C．To explain the growth of forests. D．To show our thanks for kindness. 4．What can we know about Ronald Sakolsky? A．He worked as a forest guard in America. B．He has been keeping in touch with Yin all the time. C．He was amazed at the great results of his small help. D．He planted thousands of trees in Mu Us Desert in 1999. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Hard Work on the Desert B．Common Home on the Earth C．A Short Call, a Long Friendship D．A Small Act, a Big Difference 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国交换教师Sakolsky在1999年捐助5000美元支持殷玉珍在毛乌素沙漠植树治沙，多年后这笔捐款已长成五万多棵树，两人通过视频重聚，展现了善意带来的巨大改变和跨国友谊。 【详解】1．文章第一段指出“he raised 5,000 dollars to support her work in the Mu Us Desert.”，结合后文“that 5,000-dollar donation has finally grown into over 50,000 trees.”，直接说明Sakolsky捐钱是为了帮助植树。 2．根据事件发生的时间逻辑推断：①Sakolsky捐钱（1999年，第一段）；④回国后与学生分享中国文化（第五段）；③与殷玉珍视频通话（第四段）；②接受邀请（第五段）。直接说明正确顺序为①④③②。 3．文章第三段引用网友的话“You give me a drop of water, I return a sea.”，直接说明作者引用网友的话是为了表达对善意的感谢。 4．文章第四段指出“Learning his small kindness created such great changes, Sakolsky felt greatly surprised and excited.”，直接说明Sakolsky对自己小小的帮助带来巨大改变感到惊讶。 5．文章讲述了Sakolsky一笔小小的捐款最终长成五万多棵树，改变了沙漠面貌的故事。由此推断，最佳标题是“小小的行动，巨大的改变”。 C Nowadays, more and more teenagers pay close attention to small problems in daily life and try to create useful inventions. Most teen inventions are not huge or high-tech, but they are very practical and can solve real troubles for people in daily life. A 13-year-old middle school student Zhang Yihan is one of these young creative inventors. Many students have the same trouble when reading. They often forget their exact reading positions or bend book corners to mark pages, which will break books. To solve this common problem, Zhang spent nearly three weeks designing and improving a special bookmark. It is made of transparent (透明的) soft material with a tiny movable pointer, which can exactly mark reading lines without causing any harm to book pages. ▲ . She also added an adjustable (可调节的) timing reminder to the bookmark. Users can set a fixed reading time, and the reminder will tell them to stop reading and rest their eyes properly. This thoughtful and creative invention has won wide praise from teachers and classmates. Zhang said that valuable creativity never comes from luck, but from careful observation of daily life. In fact, great inventions often come from tiny creative ideas in daily life. If teenagers observe life carefully and stick to trying new things, they are able to create practical inventions to make people’s daily lives more convenient. 1．What are most teen inventions like? A．Huge and high-tech. B．Small and special. C．Practical and useful. D．Common and convenient. 2．Why did Zhang Yihan create the special bookmark? A．To help students protect books and record reading places. B．To help students finish their reading homework faster. C．To make her school books more beautiful and popular. D．To win different kinds of school invention prizes. 3．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．This design perfectly solves students’ reading troubles. B．Many students still refuse to use new bookmarks. C．It takes little time to make such a bookmark. D．Book damage is no longer a common problem. 4．What does the underlined word “observation” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．imagination B．attention C．conversation D．communication 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Teenagers’ Good Habits of Reading Books B．A Teenager’s Creative Bookmark Invention. C．How to Protect Your School Books Wisely. D．The Importance of Eye Protection Nowadays. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青少年关注生活细节进行发明创造的趋势，以张怡涵发明特殊书签为例，阐述了创造力源于对生活的仔细观察。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“Most teen inventions are not huge or high-tech, but they are very practical and can solve real troubles for people in daily life.”可知，大多数青少年发明是实用且能解决实际问题的。 2．根据文章第2段“They often forget their exact reading positions or bend book corners to mark pages, which will break books. To solve this common problem...”可知，发明书签是为了帮助保护书籍并记录阅读位置。 3．根据文章第2段“which can exactly mark reading lines without causing any harm to book pages.”可知，该设计解决了前文提到的阅读困扰，此处填入该句能承上启下总结段落。 4．根据文章第3段“valuable creativity never comes from luck, but from careful observation of daily life.”可知，创造力源于对生活的仔细关注，该词意为“留意、关注”。 5．根据文章全文主要讲述张怡涵发明特殊书签的故事及启示可知，B选项“A Teenager’s Creative Bookmark Invention”能够概括文章核心内容，适合作为短文的标题。 二、完形填空 Last summer, I had an unforgettable experience of visiting a traditional paper-making workshop. As soon as I went into the small workshop, the smell of wet bark (树皮) 1 the air. An old craftsman smiled and handed me a piece of rough (粗糙的) paper. “This,” he said, “is made from mulberry trees (桑树). Over 2,000 years ago, ancient Chinese people first created this material that changed the world.” He then showed me the 2 . First, workers chose mulberry bark and bamboo, and then they cut them into small pieces. These materials were soaked (浸湿) in clear river water for several days 3 they became soft. After that, the mixture was boiled and beaten into pulp (浆状物). “Look!” the craftsman 4 . “The pulp is made of natural fibers, but soon it will become paper.” While 5 the paper to dry, he told me a story. “In the Han Dynasty, a man named Cai Lun improved this skill. Before his invention, people wrote on 6 bamboo or expensive silk. But Cai Lun’s paper was made from old rags, nets, and plants. It was thin, light, and cheap. It was easy to carry and most people could buy it. I 7 the drying paper—rough but strong. “Today,” the craftsman added, “most paper is made from wood in big factories. But we still keep the ancient way alive.” Walking home, I saw a girl writing on a notebook. I realized every 8 was made from trees, just like Cai Lun’s creation long ago. Paper isn’t 9 a tool; it’s a bridge between the past and the present. Thanks to this Chinese invention, 10 can travel across time and space. 1．A．collected B．filled C．polluted 2．A．process B．product C．surface 3．A．if B．because C．until 4．A．returned B．replied C．pointed 5．A．looking at B．waiting for C．finding out 6．A．small B．heavy C．private 7．A．gave B．bought C．touched 8．A．word B．sentence C．page 9．A．just B．never C．even 10．A．business B．knowledge C．choice 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述作者参观传统造纸作坊，了解造纸流程及蔡伦改进造纸术的历史，感悟纸张传承知识的意义。 【详解】1．句意：我一走进小作坊，潮湿树皮的气味就充满了空气。 filled表示“充满”，气味弥漫整个空间，贴合刚进门闻到味道的场景。collected“收集”以及polluted“污染”均不符合语境。 2．句意：然后他向我展示这个工序。 下文用“First、and then、After that”介绍挑选原料、浸泡、熬煮、打浆等造纸步骤，说明工匠正在展示造纸的完整流程，应用process。product“产品”以及surface“表面” 不符合语境。 3．句意：这些材料在清澈河水中浸泡数日，直到它们变软。 浸泡的目的就是让原料变软，要一直泡到变软为止，应用until。if“如果”以及because“因为”逻辑不通。 4．句意：“看！” 工匠指着（纸浆说道）。 工匠说话时伴随“指向纸浆”这个动作，应用pointed。returned“返回”以及replied“回复”不符合语境。 5．句意：在等待纸张晾干的时候，他给我讲了一个故事。 纸需要晾干，这是一个等待的过程，waiting for“等待”符合语境。looking at“看着”以及finding out“查明”不符合搭配。 6．句意：在这项发明之前，人们在沉重的竹简或者昂贵的丝绸上书写。 蔡伦造纸之前，古人书写载体是竹简，分量很重，携带不便，应用heavy。small“小的”以及private“私人的”不符合竹简的特征。 7．句意：我触摸这张正在晾干的纸——粗糙但是结实。 作者近距离参观古法纸，亲手触碰纸张，感受它粗糙但坚韧的质感，应用touched。gave“给”以及bought“购买”不符合语境。 8．句意：我意识到每一页纸都由树木制成，就像很久之前蔡伦的发明。 笔记本由一页一页的纸组成，应用page。word“单词”以及sentence“句子”不符合语境。 9．句意：纸张不仅仅是一个工具；它是连接过去和现在的桥梁。 just表示“仅仅、只是”，isn’t just意为“不仅仅是”，符合后文对纸张意义的升华。never“从不”以及even“甚至”不符合句子的逻辑。 10．句意：多亏这项中国发明，知识可以跨越时空传播。 纸张的核心作用就是记录文字、传递知识，应用knowledge。business“生意”以及choice“选择”不符合语境。 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 “Is that a jellyfish?” Mike saw something in the water. But when he swam 1 , he found it was a plastic bag. He 2 it and dived (潜水) deeper, looking for fish. To his surprise, he saw the sea bottom was covered with bottles and cans. When Mike finally saw a fish, he found that it 3 in an old fishing net (网)! Mike carefully freed the fish. He took the net with him, and soon 4 hands were filled with the rubbish he had collected. Mike and Dad swam back 5 their boat. “Dad, the water is nice and warm, 6 I think I saw more rubbish than fish. And most of it was plastic! I wish there was some way to clean up our oceans.” “It’s great that you care, Mike!” said Dad. That night, while Mike was listening to the waves hit against the side of the boat, 7 idea came to his mind. “The waves! I hope I 8 help the ocean clean itself!” 9 Mike got home, he started working on his idea. He asked his science teacher for advice and read as 10 as he could about nets, waves and plastic pollution. “If my catcher is about three metres deep, it can catch most of the plastic. Waves will wash the rubbish into it, but sea animals can go under it 11 ,” thought Mike. Mike also told his friends about 12 he planned to do, and everyone wanted 13 . After a lot of hard work and mistakes, their first plastic catcher was a big 14 . “It’s a good beginning,” Mike smiled. “If we keep 15 , we can clean up our oceans!” 1．A．close B．closer C．closest D．the closest 2．A．takes B．took C．will take D．has taken 3．A．catches B．caught C．was catching D．was caught 4．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 5．A．to B．from C．in D．on 6．A．and B．or C．but D．so 7．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．A．can B．should C．must D．might 9．A．If B．Because C．Though D．When 10．A．many B．much C．more D．most 11．A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety 12．A．what B．how C．whether D．where 13．A．help B．helped C．helping D．to help 14．A．success B．succeed C．successful D．successfully 15．A．go B．to go C．going D．gone 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文讲述了Mike潜水时发现海洋污染严重，于是产生想法，和朋友一起制作塑料收集器，希望清理海洋的励志故事。 【详解】1．句意：但当他游得更近时，他发现那是一个塑料袋。 根据上文Mike远远看到水里有东西、以为是水母，及下文发现是塑料袋，可知他是游近后才看清的。空处修饰行为动词swam，需填副词比较级closer“更近地”，表示与之前位置相比更靠近；close为原级、closest和the closest为最高级，用于三者及以上的比较，均不符合此处“更近”的比较含义。 2．句意：他捞起塑料袋，然后潜入更深的水中寻找鱼。 短文用一般过去时叙述（saw、found、dived等），空处也应用过去式，took“拿起、带走”符合时态与语境；takes为一般现在时、will take为一般将来时、has taken为现在完成时，均与全文时态不符。 3．句意：当Mike终于看到一条鱼时，他发现鱼被缠在一张旧渔网里。 根据“it...in an old fishing net”可知，鱼是被困住的，主语fish是动作的承受者，需用被动语态was caught“被缠住”；catches、caught、was catching均为主动语态形式，不符合“被……”的含义。 4．句意：他带上那张网，很快他的双手就装满了收集到的垃圾。 根据句意，垃圾装满的是Mike的双手，空处需填形容词性物主代词his“他的”修饰名词hands；he为主格、him为宾格、himself为反身代词，均不能作定语修饰名词。 5．句意：Mike和爸爸游回到他们的船上。 根据语境，父子俩潜水后要回到船上，swim back to“游回到”为固定搭配，to表示方向“到……”；from“从……”、in“在……里”、on“在……上”均不能表达“回到”的方向关系。 6．句意：“爸爸，水又好又暖，但是我觉得我看到的垃圾比鱼还多。” 根据句意，前句说水温暖舒适，后句却指出垃圾比鱼多，前后构成转折关系，but“但是”符合语境；and表并列、or表选择、so表因果，均不符。 7．句意：那天晚上，当Mike听着海浪拍打船边时，一个想法出现在他的脑海里。 根据语境，idea为首次提及，表泛指“一个想法”，且idea以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an；a用于辅音音素开头的词前，the表特指，零冠词不符合泛指单数名词的用法。 8．句意：“海浪！我希望我能帮助海洋自我清洁！” 根据语境，Mike希望借助海浪之力来清洁海洋，“I hope I can...”表达“希望我能够……”，can“能够”表能力，语气与语境相符；should“应该”、must“必须”、might“可能”均不符。 9．句意：当Mike回到家时，他开始研究他的想法。 根据句意，“回到家”是“开始研究”发生的时间背景，when“当……时”引导时间状语从句符合语境；If表条件、Because表原因、Though表让步，均不符合句间逻辑。   10．句意：他向科学老师请教，并尽可能多地阅读关于渔网、海浪和塑料污染的书籍资料。 根据固定结构as...as中间需用原级，且此处指阅读的内容（不可数概念），需填much，“as much as he could”意为“尽可能多地”；many修饰可数名词，此处指阅读内容（不可数概念），more、most为比较级和最高级，均不符合as...as结构。 11．句意：海浪会把垃圾冲进捕捉器，但海洋动物可以安全地从它下面游过。 根据语境，捕捉器能拦住垃圾却不会伤害海洋动物，空处需填副词safely“安全地”修饰动词短语go under；save为动词、safe为形容词、safety为名词，均不能修饰动词。 12．句意：Mike还把他计划要做的事告诉了他的朋友们，大家都想帮忙。 根据句意，about后接宾语从句，从句中planned to do缺少宾语，需填连接代词what“……的事情”在从句中作宾语；how表方式、whether表是否、where表地点，均不能在从句中作宾语。 13．句意：Mike还把他计划要做的事告诉了他的朋友们，大家都想帮忙。 根据固定搭配want to do sth.“想要做某事”，空处需填不定式to help“帮忙”；help为动词原形、helped为过去式、helping为动名词/现在分词，均不符合want to do结构。 14．句意：经过大量的努力和多次失败，他们的第一个塑料捕捉器取得了巨大的成功。 根据句意，空处位于a big之后，需填名词success，“a big success”意为“一个巨大的成功”；succeed为动词、successful为形容词、successfully为副词，均不能直接用于该结构。 15．句意：如果我们继续努力，我们就能清理我们的海洋！ 根据固定搭配keep doing sth.“继续做某事”，空处需填动名词going，“keep going”意为“继续（努力）”；go为动词原形、to go为不定式、gone为过去分词，均不符合keep doing结构。 四、阅读表达 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题。 In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made a great invention—the telephone. For the first time in history, people could talk to someone far away just like they were in the same room. But today, phones can do much more than just make calls! The story of mobile phones began with two-way radios. These early devices (设备) had a big problem—they only worked when people were close to each other. In the 1940s, smart scientists found a way. They built tall radio towers across the country to pass signals (信号) easily. Everything changed in 1973 when Dr. Martin Cooper made the first real mobile phone call. During the 1980s, mobile phones became smaller but were still very expensive. Only rich business people could afford them, and the phones looked like big plastic bricks. The 1990s brought another big change. Phones became cheaper and smaller, fitting easily in pockets. Soon, almost everyone had one. Text messaging became popular. People started writing short messages instead of making phone calls. Meeting time became more flexible (灵活的) because you could just text “I’ll be 15 minutes late.” Now we have smartphones—like powerful mini-computers in our pockets. We use them to take photos, watch videos, play games, and even help with housework! Messaging apps let us send videos and long messages easily. While phones help us stay connected, some people worry that we spend too much time on them. Looking back, it’s amazing how phones have changed. From Bell’s simple telephone to today’s smartphones, this has truly changed our lives. What will phones be able to do next? Only time will tell! 1．When did Alexander Graham Bell invent the telephone? (no more than 6 words) 2．Why did scientists build tall radio towers in the 1940s? (no more than 12 words) 3．Who made the first real mobile phone call? (no more than 10 words) 4．How can smartphones help us in our lives? (请给出两个例子) 5．What do you think the future phones might be like? (请自拟一句话作答) 【答案】1．In 1876. 2． To pass signals easily. 3． Dr. Martin Cooper. 4． We can take photos and watch videos. 5.They might be smaller and smarter. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电话从发明至今的发展历程以及智能手机对生活的影响。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made a great invention—the telephone.”可知贝尔发明电话的时间是 1876 年。 2．根据文章第2段“They built tall radio towers across the country to pass signals easily.”可知科学家建塔是为了轻松传递信号。 3．根据文章第3段“Everything changed in 1973 when Dr. Martin Cooper made the first real mobile phone call.”可知是马丁·库珀博士打出了第一通电话。 4．根据文章第5段“We use them to take photos, watch videos, play games, and even help with housework!”可知智能手机可以帮助拍照、看视频等。 5．开放性试题，答案不唯一，根据自己的理解，言之有理即可。 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 For those who are fond of traveling, especially the rail travel, China in 1987 was the sort of place that could not be missed. In 1987, China used steam (蒸汽) trains. Most people 1 (probable) didn’t believe China could step into the high-speed train age in so short a time. This made people from other countries 2 (surprise). Bruce Connolly, a photographer from Scotland, was one of 3 (they). He arrived in China in 1987 and then began his journey around the country. Since then, he has visited many areas of China. He recorded every meaningful moment in his view by taking photos. During his travels in China, Connolly 4 (find) that China was quite different from 5 he had seen in photos. In the early years of his trips, most Chinese people were always curious about foreigners visiting China. But now, there are plenty 6 foreigners living or traveling in these big cities. They are no longer strange to Chinese people. Another big change that Connolly has 7 (feel) in China is the widespread use of new technologies. People use high-technology 8 (product) everywhere. China has become one of 9 strongest countries across the world. Chinese people have used their wisdom to show the world that they will have a more convenient 10 brighter future. 【答案】 1．probably 2．surprised 3．them 4．found 5．what 6．of 7．felt 8．products 9．the 10．and 【导语】本文讲述苏格兰摄影师Bruce Connolly1987年来华，通过他的见闻，展现中国交通、社会、科技方面发生的巨大变化。 【详解】1．句意：大多数人或许不相信中国能在如此短的时间迈入高铁时代。此处修饰动词didn’t believe，需要用副词；probable是形容词，副词形式为probably“大概，或许”。 2．句意：这使得其他国家的人们感到惊讶。固定结构make sb.+形容词，表示“使某人……”；修饰人用‑ed结尾形容词，surprised意为“感到惊讶的”。 3．句意：来自苏格兰的摄影师Bruce Connolly就是他们其中之一。介词of后面要用人称代词宾格；they是主格，宾格形式是them。 4．句意：康诺利发现真实的中国和他在照片里看到的大不相同。本段讲述1987年的往事，时态为一般过去时；find的过去式是found。 5．句意：康诺利发现中国和他在照片中看到的样子大不一样。介词from后为宾语从句，从句中缺少seen的宾语，表示“……的事物”，用连接词what。 6．句意：但是现在，有大量外国人在这些大城市生活或者旅游。固定短语plenty of，意为“大量的；许多”，后接可数名词复数/不可数名词。应填of。 7．句意：康诺利在中国感受到的另一大变化就是新技术的广泛使用。本句为现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词；feel的过去分词是felt。 8．句意：人们到处都在使用高科技产品。product是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用复数形式products。 9．句意：中国已经成为全世界最强大的国家之一。形容词最高级strongest前面必须加定冠词the；固定结构one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数。故填the。 10．句意：中国人用智慧向世界证明，他们将会拥有一个更加便利且更加光明的未来。并列两个形容词convenient与brighter，表示并列顺承关系，用并列连词and。 六、书面表达 发明改变了世界，改变了我们的生活，如手机、汽车、地图等。假如你是李华，你校英语社团正在开展线上国际交流活动。其公众号计划做关于“发明改变生活”的系列推送，请你用英文给公众号投稿，结合自身经历，推荐一个你认为重要的发明，并说明推荐理由。 要求： 1. 题目自拟，词数100词左右； 2. 内容需涵盖所有要求，可适当发挥； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等相关信息。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 The Smartphone Changes My Life Inventions make our life easier. Among them, I recommend the smartphone. Firstly, it helps me keep in touch with my friends easily. Secondly, I can search for information for my study. Thirdly, it offers many relaxing ways to spend my free time, such as listening to music and watching educational videos. Once I was lost in a new city, the map app on my phone guided me home safely. In my opinion, the smartphone not only connects people but also opens up a world of knowledge. It truly changes our life for the better. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：议论文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：推荐一项重要发明，阐述理由，结合自身经历 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：自拟标题；词数100词左右；不能出现真实校名、人名 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，引出主题 点明发明改变生活，引出推荐对象——智能手机 主体段：分层阐述理由，并插入亲身经历 结尾段：总结观点，升华主题，重申智能手机的价值，表达“让生活更美好”的结论 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：核心发明 发明选择：smartphone/electric car/laptop/bicycle等 要点二：推荐理由与自身经历 具体理由：helps me keep in touch with my friends easily/search for information for my study/offers many relaxing ways/produce less pollution and protect the environment/take online courses on it等 自身经历：guided me home safely/took an electric car to travel last year/finished an English project with the help of my laptop等 要点三：个人观点与升华主题 个人观点：the smartphone not only connects people but also opens up a world of knowledge/electric cars are environmentally friendly and convenient/the laptop opens a world of information for us等 升华主题：truly changes our life for the better/will make our future life much better/really makes learning easier and richer等 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Units 1~3（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 现在完成时的基本结构、标志词与语境运用（Unit1 核心，have/has + 过去分词；have/has been to /have gone to /have been in 辨析）； 2. 描述社会、家乡、生活发生变化的句型，能从生活条件、交通、休闲活动等方面对比过去与现在； 3. 重点短语与词形变换：描述环境、污染、环保行动、发明创造相关词汇，掌握名词、形容词、动词之间词形转换； 4. 被动语态（一般现在时被动、一般过去时被动）结构：am/is/are + done；was/were + done； 5. 复合不定代词（something, anything, everything, nothing 等）的含义、主谓一致； 6. 用来表达建议、保护环境、介绍发明的核心写作句型； 7. be made of / be made from / be made by / be made in材料类短语辨析； 复习难点： 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的语境区分（有无对现在造成影响）； 2. have been to /have gone to /have been in 的辨析与情景运用； 3. 复合不定代词定语后置（形容词放不定代词后面：something important）； 4. 一般过去时、现在完成时的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句式变化； 5. 被动语态判断、主动变被动的转换，不及物动词无被动； 6. 长难句：protect…from… / keep…from doing / stop…from doing三个 “阻止 / 保护” 短语辨析； 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重词形转换在具体语境中的选择（名词↔动词↔形容词），以及环保、社会变化、发明相关固定短语搭配。 句型转换 / 翻译：常涉及现在完成时、被动语态的句型转换；复合不定代词改写；not only…but also…就近原则句型；used to do、be used for、be made of句型翻译。 完形与阅读：话题多为社会变迁、环境问题、发明与创新；常考查上下文逻辑、短语辨析、时态判断。 书面表达：高频话题：家乡变化、环保倡议书、介绍一项发明，要求能对比今昔、提出环保建议、描述发明的用途。 1：How do you understand changes?你是怎样理解变化的？ ①understand v. 理解；明白；懂得；体谅 原形：understand 过去式 / 过去分词：understood 现在分词：understanding 高频搭配 1. understand each other 互相理解 2. fully understand 完全理解 3. easily understand 轻易弄懂 4. make oneself understood 把自己的意思表达清楚 5. understand one’s feelings 体谅某人的心情 I know the story, but I don’t understand its meaning. 我知道这个故事，但不懂它的寓意。 固定形容词：understanding 善解人意的 an understanding teacher 一位通情达理的老师 【即时小练】 1. It’s easy for him _______________ (understand) this English passage. 2. She nodded her head to show that she _______________ (understand) what I said just now. 3. The story is too hard _______________ (understand) for little kids. 4. You should try to make yourself _______________ (understand) when speaking English. 5. After reading the letter, he had a better _______________ (understand) of the problem. ②change （动词 & 名词，双词性高频词） （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”，change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 名词固定搭配 1. for a change 换换口味；换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革 【即时小练】 1. Great _______________ (change) have taken place in our hometown in recent years. 2. The weather keeps _______________ (change), so take an umbrella with you. 3. He decided _______________ (change) his bad habits from then on. 4. Our city _______________ (change) a lot over the past ten years. 5. The _______________ (change) room is for storing old books. 2：Public transportation used to be slow and difficult, but now it's fast and easy.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦，但现在又快又方便。 【详解】used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不再发生或不存在，侧重于过去与现在的对比。 【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【即时小练】 1. He _______________ (use) to play basketball after school, but now he likes swimming. 2. My grandpa is used to _______________ (drink) a cup of tea after dinner. 3. Knives are used to _______________ (cut) things. 4. She didn’t _______________ (use) to get up so early. 5. You will get used to _______________ (live) in the countryside soon. 【答案】1. used 2. drinking 3. cut 4. use 5. living 3：In the past, few children had the chance to receive education, but now all children can go to school for free.过去，很少有孩子有机会接受教育，但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。 【详解】【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【注意】 receive还可表示“接见；接待”。 I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。 【即时小练】 1. I was surprised _______________ (receive) a letter from my old friend. 2. Every year, our school _______________ (receive) many books from volunteers. 3. He _______________ (receive) three messages yesterday morning. 4. The _______________ (receive) of the prize is a hard-working boy. 5. You should be careful when _______________ (receive) information online. 4：Leisure activities in the past were simple and people had few choices, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单，人们的选择也很少，但现在，这些活动变得丰富多彩了。 【精讲】choose* choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: chose 1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容) choose from ... 从...中选择(有范围) choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为... 2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西 have no choice 没有选择的余地 make a choice 做出选择 *3.can't choose but do sth = have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择，只好... 【即时小练】 1. You have no _______________ (choose) but to work hard. 2. He _______________ (choose) a wooden box as his gift yesterday. 3. It’s important for us _______________ (choose) good books to read. 4. This is a good _______________ (choose) for your summer holiday. 5. She is _______________ (choose) as the group leader by us. 5：What has changed about communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化？→We can get in touch so easily through modern communication. It has become quick and easy通过现代通信，我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。它已经变得快捷又方便。 【详解】get in touch 短语 含义 使用场景 get in touch with sb 主动去联络、建立联系 很久没见、有事找对方 stay in touch (with sb) 保持联系 日常持续往来 keep in touch (with sb) 保持联系（和 stay 通用） 写信、微信经常沟通 lose touch (with sb) 失去联系 断联，很久不往来 例句对比： 1. Please get in touch with me if you need help.需要帮忙就联系我。 2. We still stay in touch after graduation.毕业后我们依旧保持联系。 3. I lost touch with my primary classmates.我和小学同学失去联系了。 高频拓展搭配 1. be in touch (with sb)（状态）和某人有联系 例：We are in touch every week. 我们每周都联系。 2. put sb in touch with sb牵线，介绍两人认识联系 例：My teacher put me in touch with that writer.老师帮我联系上了那位作家 【即时小练】 1. I tried _______________ (get in touch with) my old friend yesterday. 2. We _______________ (keep in touch with) each other by WeChat since we left school. 3. Don’t _______________ (lose touch with) your classmates after graduation. 4. It’s important _______________ (stay in touch with) your parents when you are away. 5. She decided _______________ (get in touch with) her pen pal this weekend. 6：How about going swimming together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样？→Sounds great.听起来很棒。 【探究】在日常交际中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种： (1)“Let's＋动词原形．”意为 咱们……吧； (2)“Shall we＋动词原形？”意为“我们……好吗？” (3)“What/How about＋.­ing/名词/代词宾格？”意为“……怎么样？” ； (4)“Why don't we/you＋动词原形？”或“Why not＋动词原形？”意为“为什么不……呢？” (5)“Would you like (to do)…？”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗；？” (6)“Would/Will you please＋动词原形？”意为“请你……好吗？” 【即时小练】 1. Let’s _______________ (plant) more trees to protect the environment. 2. What about _______________ (recycle) waste paper in our school? 3. Why not _______________ (take) the underground to save energy? 4. Shall we _______________ (visit) the environmental organization this afternoon? 5. Would you like _______________ (join) us to clean up the park? 7：Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。 【妙辨异同】happen/take place 辨析 意义及用法 相同点 happen 意为“发生”，强调事情发生的偶然性。 无被动语态 take place 意为“发生”，常指预期/预定的事情发生。 【即时小练】 1. Great changes _______________ (take place) in our hometown over the past ten years. 2. What _______________ (happen) to you yesterday? You looked sad. 3. The school sports meeting _______________ (take place) next Friday. 4. No one knows what _______________ (happen) in the future. 5. The accident _______________ (happen) on a rainy night last month. 8：China is playing a more and more important role in international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and fighting against natural disasters.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。 ①play a more and more important role in (发挥着越来越重要的作用) 结构拆解： play a role in = 在...中扮演角色/起作用。 more and more = 越来越...（比较级+and+比较级，表示程度递增）。 注意语法陷阱：介词 in 后面必须接名词或动名词（doing）。 例句：Technology is playing an increasingly vital role in reshaping the global economic landscape.（科技在重塑全球经济格局中正发挥着日益重要的作用。） ② fight against (抗击、与...作斗争) ③natural disasters (自然灾害) 【即时小练】 1. Computers _______________ (play a more and more important role in) our daily life. 2. The Internet _______________ (play a more and more important role in) students’ study nowadays. 3. We should try our best _______________ (protect) the environment. 4. Trees can _______________ (protect) us from strong winds. 5. We are _______________ (fight against) pollution to make our home greener. 6. We should try our best _______________ (fight against) desert growth. 9：People can chat with each other or enjoy themselves on their smartphones. 人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。 enjoy oneself “玩得高兴，过得愉快” enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。 We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。 【考向】【易错点】 enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时，只能用动名词形式，不能跟不定式。 He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。 You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。 【即时小练】 1. I hope you _______________ (enjoy oneself) during the school trip. 2. We _______________ (enjoy oneself) at the party last night. 3. The little girl always _______________ (enjoy oneself) in the park on weekends. 4. Boys, help yourselves and _______________ (enjoy oneself)! 5. She _______________ (enjoy oneself) when she visited the zoo. 【答案】1.enjoy yourselves 2.enjoyed ourselves 3.enjoys herself 4.enjoy yourselves 5. enjoyed herself 10：By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya recently?顺便问一下，你最近见过小雅吗？ →No, she has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.没有，她和她的父母一起去广州了。 【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in 辨析 意义及用法 have been to 意为“去过某地”，强调去过但已回来，常与频度副词或ever连用。 have gone to 意为“去了某地”，强调去了但还未回来。 have been in 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常与一段时间连用。 【注意】 (1)与一段时间连用时，只能用have been in，不能用have been/gone to。 (2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，介词to省略。 【即时小练】 1. My father _______________ (have been to) Beijing twice. 2. —Where is Tom? —He _______________ (have gone to) the library. He will be back soon. 3. I _______________ (have been in) this city for three years. 4. They _______________ (have been to) Shanghai before, so they know it well. 5. She _______________ (have been in) her hometown since 2020. 11：Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。 consider作动词，意为“仔细考虑；认为，觉得”。常见用法如下： 单词 词性 含义 可数性 例句 experience 名词 经验 不可数 U She has much experience. experience 名词 经历 可数 C，复数 experiences That’s a terrible experience. experience 动词 经历、体验 无单复数 We experienced difficulties. experienced 形容词 有经验的 修饰人 an experienced teacher 【即时小练】 1. He is considering _______________ (consider) changing his plan. 2. It’s a great _______________ (experience) to visit the ancient museum. 3. We should consider how _______________ (experience) different kinds of life. 4. She _______________ (experience) many hard things when she was young. 5. We consider him _______________ (be) a helpful student. 12：Many people can afford to travel to many different places far away from their homes.许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。 afford的用法： 【即时小练】 1. We can’t afford _______________ (afford) such an expensive wooden guitar. 2. He can afford _______________ (afford) to go on a trip this summer. 3. Nobody could afford _______________ (afford) the house at that time. 4. We are not able _______________ (afford) to buy the new bike. 5. Can you afford _______________ (afford) to help him? 13：But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same. 但无论我们说什么语言，我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。 care vi vt. &.关心，关注，在意 care的常用短语： 【拓展】care还可以作名词，意为“小心；照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的；仔细的)和 careless(粗心的)；对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地；仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。 【即时小练】 1. You must be _______________ (care) when you cross the road. 2. He did his homework _______________ (care), so there were many mistakes. 3. With your _______________ (care), the little plant grows well. 4. Please listen to the teacher _______________ (care) in class. 5. Don’t be _______________ (care) with your things. 14：As the city has made great efforts in fighting against air pollution for these years,people can see much clearer sky now. make efforts in doing sth努力做某事；倾力做某事 拓展： 1.make efforts to do sth（最常用）努力去做某事 例句：We make great efforts to reduce waste.我们努力减少垃圾。 2.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事（高频满分短语） 例句：We spare no effort in protecting the sky.我们不遗余力守护蓝天。 【即时小练】 1. We should _______________ (make efforts in protect) the environment. 2. She _______________ (make efforts in improve) her English every day. 3. They are _______________ (make efforts in build) a greener hometown. 15：Noise pollution not only causes many health problems in humans hearing, but also harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean. 噪音污染不仅会导致人类听力的多种健康问题，还会伤害动物，尤其是海洋中的鲸鱼和海豚。 ①【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and… 辨析 意义 谓语动词(连接主语时) either… or… 或者……或者……； 要么……要么…… 就近一致 neither… nor… 既不……也不…… not only… but (also)… 不但……而且…… both… and… ……和……都…… 用复数 ②【用法详解】especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”。当陈述某一事实，并列举一个具有代表性的例子做进一步的强调时，常用especially，其后可接名词、介词短语等。 Eg.Aunt Alice loves animals, especially dogs. 艾丽斯阿姨喜爱动物，尤其爱狗。 I love Rome, especially in the spring. 我喜欢罗马，尤其是春天的罗马。 【拓展延伸】especially还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 Eg.I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即时小练】 1. Not only you but also he _______________ (be) interested in protecting the environment. 2. Both my brother and I _______________ (enjoy) reading books about great inventions. 3. Either my mum or my dad _______________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow. 4. I like outdoor activities, _______________ (especial) hiking in the mountains. 5. Neither Tom nor his friends _______________ (know) how to solve the problem. 16：There used to be few trees and I was always hungry.那里过去树木很少，而且我总是挨饿。 “used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”，只用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。 Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。 Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗？ 【易混辨析】重点：be used to doing, be used to do与used to do be used to doing sth. 意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”，其中to是介词，后跟动词 ing 形式 be used to do sth. 意为“ 被用来做某事 ”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___ used to do sth. 意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”，只用于过去时态，其中to是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形 Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。 He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。 【即时小练】 1. My grandpa _______________ (use to) walk along the river after supper. 2. The knife _______________ (be used to) cut fruit. 3. She is used to _______________ (get) up early every morning. 4. I didn’t _______________ (use to) drink coffee. 5. We get used to _______________ (live) in the small village now. 17：Noises are unpleasant sounds.噪音是令人不愉快的声音。 辨析please， pleased， pleasure与pleasant 词汇 意义及用法 please 动词，意为“使愉快，使满意”。另外，也可作感叹词，意为“请”。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的”，作表语，常修饰人。常用结构：be pleased with对……感到满意；be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。 pleasure 名词，作“高兴，快乐，愉快，满意”讲时，为不可数名词；作“乐事，快事”讲时，为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。（帮忙之后表示不客气） With pleasure. 很乐意。（帮忙之前表示乐意效劳） pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，作定语或表语。 如： ①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。 ②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。 ③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。 ④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。 【即时小练】 1. I’m _______________ (please) to meet you here. 2. It’s my _______________ (please) to help you. 3. We had a _______________ (please) trip to the zoo last week. 4. _______________ (please) pass me the book about environmental protection. 5. The news made all of us _______________ (please). 18：He founded a sand-control company and led people to set up blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms.他创办了一家治沙公司，并带领人们设置防护栏，以保护树木免受沙尘暴的侵害。 ①lead动词，意为“带路；领路”，其过去式是 led 。常用短语：lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”；lead to“（道路等）通往……；引起；导致”。 Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。 This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。 ②protect v.→protection n.保护；防护 protect的用法 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”。 常见用法：protect sb./sth. （against/from sth.），意为“保护某人/某物（免受……）”。 如： ①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。 ②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。 【即时小练】 1. The guide _______________ (lead) us to visit the park yesterday. 2. We should try our best _______________ (protect) the wild animals. 3. The heavy smoke can lead to _______________ (pollute) the air. 4. Trees _______________ (protect) us against the strong sun. 5. He will _______________ (lead) our team to fight against pollution. 19：This is a great way to reduce the number of new plastic bags.这是减少新塑料袋数量的一种好方法。 【易混辨析】重点：the number of与a number of 短语 用法 图解助记 the number of 表示“ ……的数量 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 （单数/复数）形式 a number of 表示“ 许多 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 （单数/复数）形式，其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰 Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。 A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。 【即时小练】 1. A number of students _______________ (enjoy) protecting the environment. 2. The number of trees in our town _______________ (increase) year by year. 3. A number of visitors _______________ (come) to the park every spring. 4. The number of volunteers _______________ (be) getting larger and larger. 5. A number of girls _______________ (take) part in the activity last week. 20：By turning deserts into forests, we can help slow down the climate change, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms.通过把沙漠变成森林，我们可以帮助减缓气候变化、降低气温并减少沙尘暴。 by的用法 用法 意义 例句 by ＋v.－ing形式 通过……方式（途径） He makes a living by teaching.他通过教书谋生。 by＋时间点 在……之前；不迟于 You must be home by 10：00 p.m.你必须晚上十点之前到家。 by＋交通工具 乘坐 He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑自行车去上班。 by＋地点名词 在……旁； 靠近 She is sitting by the window.她正坐在窗户旁边。 【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中：by the way 顺便问一下；by mistake 错误地；by hand 手工；by oneself 靠自己；by accident 偶然，意外地 【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”，相当于change ... into ...。 Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。 turn的用法 作动词，意为“转向，转身”。 Turn right at the traffic lights. 在红绿灯处向右拐。 作系动词，意为“变得；达到”。 Leaves turn brown in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。She turned 18 last year. 她去年满18岁了。 作名词，意为“轮流” it’s one’s turn to do sth.“轮到……做某事”， take turns doing sth./to do sth. “轮流做某事” It’s your turn to do the dishes. 轮到你洗碗了。We take turns cleaning the classroom. 我们轮流打扫教室。 turn on，turn off，turn down与turn up 四者均为动词短语，当其后的宾语为名词时，名词放在介词前后均可；当其后的宾语为代词时，代词必须放在turn与介词的中间。其具体用法如下： turn on “打开(自来水、煤气等)”或“开(电灯、电视等)电源” Would you mind turning on the electric fan？你介意打开电风扇吗？ turn off “关掉，切断” Tom, turn off the tap！There is water all over the floor. Tom，关上水龙头！满地都是水。 turn down “调小，关小音量” Do you mind if I turn down the music？你介意我把音乐调小声些吗？ “拒绝” There’s no reason to turn down this suggestion. 没有理由拒绝这个建议。 turn up “调大，使音量变大” There are so many people here. Let’s turn up the music. 这里有如此多的人。让我们把音乐声音调大些吧。 “突然出现” She turned up at my house late one night. 一天深夜她突然来到我家。 【即时小练】 1. Please _______________ (turn off) the lights when you leave the room. 2. It’s too dark. Let’s _______________ (turn on) the light. 3. The radio is too noisy. Would you mind _______________ (turn down) it? 4. We can _______________ (turn) waste _______________ (into) useful things. 5. He _______________ (turn up) the TV to hear the news clearly last night. 21：Have you read anything interesting these days?这些天你读了什么有趣的东西吗？ anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时，应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 （前面/后面）。 Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。 Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗? 【即时小练】 1. I have _______________ (something, interest) to tell you. 2. Is there _______________ (anything, surprise) in today’s newspaper? 3. There is _______________ (nothing, worry) about. 4. We want to go _______________ (somewhere, relax) this weekend. 5. Did you meet _______________ (anyone, help) in the environmental club? 22：We should then try our best to reduce pollution.那么，我们应该尽最大努力减少污染。 (1)try作动词时，其常见用法如下： 常见搭配： try on 试穿 try out 参加……选拔；试用 如： We try to make our community a better place. 我们尽力让我们的小区变得更好。 如： He always helps his mother with the housework. 他总是帮着妈妈做一些家务。 Cooking helps us (to) show our love for family members. 做饭有助于我们向家人展示我们的爱。 Help yourself to some tea, Linda. 随便喝点茶吧，Linda。 I can’t help laughing when I watch them. 当看着他们的时候，我忍不住笑起来！ She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble. 每当我有困难时，她总是帮我克服。 【即时小练】 1. You should try your best _______________ (protect) the environment. 2. Why not try _______________ (plant) more trees? It may work. 3. He tried _______________ (finish) the work on time, but he failed. 4. Let’s try _______________ (use) this new machine to clean the park. 5. I will try my best _______________ (solve) the problem. 23：What is invention in your eyes? invent(v)发明 invention(n)发明物(可数)→inventor(n)发明者→inventive(adj)有创造力的 辨析discover， invent与create 词汇 意义及用法 discover 意为“发现”，指发现本来已经存在，但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。 invent 意为“发明”，指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。 create 意为“创作；创造”，指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术、理论、美食等。 如： ①Only later did she discover a talent for writing.她后来才发现自己的写作天分。 ②Who invented the telephone？ 谁发明了电话机？ ③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。 【即时小练】 1. Columbus _______________ (discover) America in 1492. 2. Who _______________ (invent) the first practical light bulb? 3. Artists can _______________ (create) beautiful works with simple materials. 4. Scientists _______________ (discover) many new kinds of plants so far. 5. People _______________ (invent) many useful machines to help us in the past. 24：What's the lock made of?这把锁是由什么制成的？ →It's made of metal.它是由金属制成的。 be made of 意为“由……制造而成”，表示从制成品中可以看出原材料。如： The dress is made of silk. 这件礼服是丝制的。 【妙辨异同】be made of, be made from, be made in, be made into, be made by与be made up of be made of “由……制成”，指能看出原材料。 Books are made of paper. 书是用纸张制成的。 be made from “由……制成”，指不能看出原材料。 This kind of wine is made from grapes. 这种酒是由葡萄酿成的。 be made in “在……(地点) 制造”。 People across the world can buy things made in China. 全世界的人都可以买到中国制品。 be made into “被制成……”。 The wood will be made into a chair. 这块木头将被制成一把椅子。 be made by “由……(某人) 制作”。 These gifts are all made by my grandma. 这些礼物都是我奶奶制作的。 be made up of “由……组成”。 Your life should be made up of happiness. 快乐才是你的人生。 【即时小练】 1. The desk _______________ (be made of) wood. 2. Paper _______________ (be made from) wood. 3. This watch _______________ (be made in) Shanghai. 4. Wood can _______________ (be made into) paper. 5. The model plane _______________ (be made by) my brother yesterday. 6. Our team _______________ (be made up of) five students. 25：What's it used for?它是用来做什么的？ →It's used for locking the door.它是用来锁门的。 be used for意为“被用来做……”(表目的)，其后可跟名词或动词­ing形式，跟动词­ing时，可与be used to do 互换。如： The spoon is used for having soup. ＝ The spoon is used to have soup. 那把勺子是用来喝汤的。 【妙辨异同】used to, be used to doing, be used to do, be used for, be used as与be used by ①“某人 ＋ used to ＋ 动词原形”表示“某人过去常做某事(但现在不做了)”，是过去时态； ②“某人 ＋ be/get(s) used to ＋ 动词­ing”表示“某人习惯于做某事”，通常是一般现在时； ③“某物 ＋ be used to ＋ 动词原形”表示“某物被用于做某事”，它和be used for sth./doing sth.都可以表示“被用来……”(表目的)； ④be used as表示“作为……被使用”或“(被)用作……”，后面接名词，强调使用的工具及手段； ⑤be used by表示“由……使用”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。如： I used to collect stamps, but now I am used to drawing. 我过去常常集邮，但是现在我习惯画画。 Wood can be used to make paper. 木材可以被用来造纸。 The knife is used to cut apples. ＝ The knife is used for cutting apples. 小刀被用来切苹果。 A knife is used as a tool. 小刀被用作一种工具。 【即时小练】 1. He _______________ (used to) swim in the river when he was young. 2. This tool _______________ (be used to) cut branches. 3. She is used to _______________ (get) up early every morning. 4. The box _______________ (be used as) a table in the small room. 5. This kind of machine _______________ (be used by) farmers to protect crops. 26: It must be a lot more convenient to travel in cars than on horses.坐汽车旅行肯定比骑马方便得多。 ①It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 （1）It’s＋adj.＋（for sb.） ＋to do sth.，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。如：It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。 （2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。如：It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我，真是太善良了。 ②【用法详解】must情态动词，意为“一定；肯定”，表示有把握的、肯定的推测，后跟动词__原形__。must be表示“一定是；必定是”。 Eg. He must live near here. 他一定住在这附近。 The light is still on, so he must be at home. 灯还亮着，所以他一定在家。 【拓展延伸】表示有把握的、否定的推测用can’t，意为“不可能”，而must的否定形式 mustn’t ，则表示禁止，不表示否定的推测。 Eg.It can’t be my book. Mine is a bit newer. 这不可能是我的书，我的稍微新一点。 Children mustn’t play with fire. 孩子们不能玩火。（强调禁止此行为） 【即时小练】 1. It’s important for us _______________ (protect) the environment. 2. It’s kind _______________ (of/for) him to help fight against pollution. 3. It’s difficult for them _______________ (finish) the work in one day. 4. It’s careless _______________ (of/for) you to leave the tap running. 5. It’s necessary for us _______________ (make) efforts to save water. 27:This means that a need or a problem encourages creative efforts to meet the need or solve the problem.这意味着一种需求或问题会激发创造性的努力，以满足该需求或解决该问题。 encourage的用法 　　encourage为动词，意为“鼓励”。常见搭配： （1）encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 如：They encourage boys to take part in ball games. 他们鼓励男孩们参加球类比赛。 （2）encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人 如：My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。 【即时小练】 1. Teachers encourage us _______________ (protect) our environment. 2. We are encouraged _______________ (take) part in the activity. 3. My mum always _______________ (encourage) me to keep fighting against pollution. 4. His words gave me much _______________ (encourage). 5. They encouraged him _______________ (make) efforts to study hard. 28:He believed that machines were too slow to process images.他认为机器处理图像的速度太慢了。 too... to...结构 （1）too ＋adj.＋（for sb.）＋ to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）太……以致不能做某事”。 （2）too... to...结构可与so... that...结构进行转换，也可与not... enough to do...结构换用。如： The bag is too small to hold all these books. ＝ The bag is so small that it can’t hold all these books. ＝ The bag is not big enough to hold all these books.这个包太小了，装不下所有的这些书。 【即时小练】 1. The box is too heavy _______________ (carry). 2. He is too young _______________ (understand) the problem. 3. The river is too wide for us _______________ (swim) across. 29:Can you explain how a discovery is different from an invention?你能解释一下发现和发明有什么不同吗？ explain的用法 （1）explain为动词，意为“解释；说明”。常见用法如下： 搭配及意义 例句 explain （sth.） to sb. 向某人解释（某事） The teacher explained the problem to the whole class. 这位老师向全班同学解释了这个问题。 explain to sb. who/how/... She explained to them what to do in an emergency. 她向他们说明了紧急情况下应采取的行动。 explain＋宾语从句/特殊疑问词＋不定式（短语） Well， that doesn’t explain why you didn’t phone. 噢，那不是你不打电话的理由。 （2）explain的名词形式为explanation，意为“解释；说明；阐述”。 【即时小练】 1. Please explain the problem _______________ (we). 2. He tried to explain to us how _______________ (protect) the environment. 3. She _______________ (explain) the rules to me yesterday. 4. Our teacher will explain _______________ (we) why we should save water. 5. He explained to us what _______________ (do) next. 30:He made characters on special soil pieces so that they could be reused later to print other books.他在特殊的土块上刻字，以便之后可以重复使用它们来印刷其他书籍。 (1)so that可以用来引导目的状语从句，表示“以便为了”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，此时可与in order that互换。如， I spend more time learning English every day so that/in order that I can make greater progress this year.为了今年取得更大进步，我每天用更多的时间学英语。 (2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此。所以”。此时不能与in order that互换。如： Yesterday morning I got up early, so that I caught the first bus. 昨天早上我起床很早，因此，我赶上了早班车。 辨析·运用 so... that...与 such... that... ① so... that...意为“如此……以至于……” 引导结果状语从句.so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。so...that..常用的句型结构有： •so+形容词/副词+that从句； •so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句； •so +many/few+名词复数+that从句； • so + much/little +不可数名词+that 从句。如： The teacher is so kind that we all like him.这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。 This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。 There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。 I have so little money that I can't afford a car.我的钱太少，买不起车。 2 such .. that.意为“如此……以至于……”。连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so...that...意思相同，但用法不同。so...that...结构中，so后边可用形容词或副词，而such... that... 结构中such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)。such... that...常用的句型结构有： • such +形容词+名词复数+that从句： • such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that 从句； •such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句。如： They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。 She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. 她是这么可爱的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗户用力很大，玻璃都震碎了。 【即时小练】 1. He studies hard _______________ (so that) he can protect the environment better. 2. The river is _______________ (so) dirty that no fish can live in it. 3. It is _______________ (such) a pleasant trip that we will never forget it. 4. The boy ran _______________ (quick) that he caught up with the volunteer. 5. It is _______________ (such) useful information that we should keep it. 31:It was one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century.它是20世纪最伟大的发明之一。 【用法详解】重点：“one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词”表示在某一范围内“最……的……之一”。 Eg.Mary is one of the tallest students in our class. 玛丽是我们班最高的学生之一。 【拓展延伸】“one of the +复数名词”意为“……中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 （单数/复数）形式。 Eg.One of the girls is my sister. 这群女孩当中有一个是我妹妹。 【即时小练】 1. One of the _______________ (great) inventions is the light bulb. 2. This is one of the _______________ (important) ways to protect the environment. 3. One of the volunteers _______________ (be) my English teacher. 4. Guilin is one of the _______________ (beautiful) cities in China. 5. One of the _______________ (solve) is to stop polluting the river. 32:While people were singing, the post-it notes were used to keep the pages from falling out.当人们在唱歌时，便利贴被用来防止书页掉落。 keep的用法 protect…from… /keep…from doing /stop…from doing 辨析 ✅短语辨析 1. protect … from … 保护…… 免受……（保护，让不受伤害） from 后接名词 / 动名词 例：We protect trees from the strong wind. 我们保护树木免受大风侵袭。 2. stop … from doing sth 阻止…… 做某事（制止，动作可以发生也可以正要发生） from 有时可省略。 例：Nothing can stop us from studying. 没有什么能阻止我们学习。 3. keep … from doing sth 阻止…… 做某事（防止，不让某事发生，from不能省略） 例：We must keep children from playing by the river. 我们必须阻止孩子在河边玩耍。 【即时小练】 1. We should protect plants _______________ (be) hurt by the strong sunlight. 2. Nothing can stop us _______________ (fight) against pollution. 3. We must keep children _______________ (play) near the river alone. 4. Trees can protect us _______________ (suffer) from the heavy rain. 5. The wall stopped the wind _______________ (blow) the sand to our village. 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1．I think someone has ________ my mobile phone, since I can’t find it anywhere. (偷) 2．Great changes have taken place in my ________ (家乡) over the years. 3．We will take part in a ________ (慈善) activity this Sunday. 4．The streets were ________ (狭窄的) in the past, but now they are wide. 5．It is a good way to relax in your ________ (闲暇) time. 6．The warmth has ________ (传播，散开) across the city ever since strangers began to help each other during the heavy rain. 7．Throwing batteries into the normal bin is ________ (有害的) to the environment. 8．The report has a short ________ (介绍) at the beginning. 9．The singer decided to ________ (捐赠) his old books to the village school. 10．We should ________ ________ all kinds of pollution. (与……作斗争) 11．Plenty of farmland ________ green crops with the help of modern farming skills.（被……覆盖） 12．The first practical ________ (电灯泡) brought bright light to people’s dark nights. 13．The first car is a great ________ (发明) that makes long-distance traveling easier. 14．The inventor studied and tested ________ (日日夜夜) to make his idea come true. 15．Please take your ________ (雨衣). It’s going to rain. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Students ________ (encourage) to read more paper books nowadays. 2．As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ (know) as the “mother river” of the Chinese nation. 3．A year has twelve months and is ________ (divide) into four seasons. 4．Most of the hikers put on bright ________ (raincoat) when it began to pour. 5．These great inventions have ________ (true) changed our lives in different ways. 6．Great changes ________ (take) place in our hometown since villages began to develop. 7．He ________ (live) in this city since 2010. 8．After the sandstorm, the town ________ (rebuild) many houses with help. 9．— How long has your city sorted waste? — It has ________ (sort) waste since 2020. 10．The ________ (introduce) of the three Rs helps us live a greener life. 11．Our school has just ________ (build) a new gym for all the students to use. 12．The ________ (develop) of technology has changed our way of life greatly. 13．The news that the new park would open filled the children with great ________ (excite). 14．The small river was badly ________ (pollute) before the new clean-up plan worked. 15．Leisure activities have changed greatly, and we all enjoy ________ (we) after school. 三、单项选择 1．—Have you finished your ________ on environmental protection? —Not yet. I need more information. A．idea B．joke C．report D．situation 2．— China has made great progress in high-speed railway and new energy in recent years. — ________ Our motherland is becoming stronger and stronger. A．That’s all right. B．I can’t agree more. C．Don’t mention it. D．Not at all. 3．We can make ________ online without using cash now. A．pay B．pays C．paying D．payment 4．—________ you finished the poster ________, dear? —Yes, Mum. A．Did; yet B．Did; already C．Have; already D．Have; yet 5．—Has Mary watered the flowers in the secret garden yet? —Yes, she ________ it already. She ________ ten minutes ago. A．has done; has finished B．did; has finished C．did; finished D．has done; finished 6．He ________ live in the countryside, but he ________ in the city since 2020. A．used to; has lived B．was used to; lived C．used to; lived D．was used to; has lived 7．Our school ________ us ________ free textbooks since last term. A．provided; for B．has provided; with C．provided; with D．has provided; for 8．—Where is your sister? I haven’t seen her for days. —She ________ Chengdu on business. She will be back next week. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 9．Please ________ the TV when you go out. Don’t waste electricity. A．turn off B．turn on C．turn into 10．Grandpa ________ live in the quiet countryside, but he ________ the life in the city. A．used to, is used to B．used to, used to C．is used to, used to 11．The house is made of ________ materials. A．wood B．wooden C．woods D．wooded 12．A ________ helps people find directions when they are at sea. A．bulb B．compass C．balloon D．stamp 13．Edison was a great ________. He invented many useful things. A．invent B．invention C．inventor D．inventing 14．Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times. A．explains B．was explained C．will be explained D．has explained 15．Many trees ________ in our school every spring to make the environment better. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 四、完成句子 1．近年来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have ________ in China in recent years. 2．这座城市在过去三年里改善了很多。 The city ________ ________ a lot over the past three years. 3．我们已经用完了所有的墨水。 We have ________ ________ ________ all the ink. 4．过去我常常步行去上学。（used to） I ________ ________ ________ to school on foot. 5．我们已经和笔友们保持了多年的联系。（keep in touch with） We have ________ ________ ________ ________ our pen pals for many years. 6．在各种各样的帮助下，大多数人可以正确分类垃圾。 ________ different kinds of ________, most people can sort waste correctly. 7．不同颜色的垃圾桶被用于不同的垃圾。 Waste bins of different colors ________ ________ ________ different kinds of waste. 8．独立思考对我们来说是必要的。 ________ ________ necessary for us ________ ________ independently. 9．茶叶被许多西方国家的人广泛使用。 Tea leaves ________________ by many Western people. 10．最普通的物品，从纸张到黏土，都被同学们变成了精美的物件。 The most common things, from paper to clay, were ___________ objects of beauty by students. 11．在指南针出现之前，水手们不得不依靠星星辨别方向。 Before the invention of the compass, sailors had to ________ ________________ to find direction. 12．中国古代四大发明曾是中国送给世界的礼物。 ________ were gifts from China to the world. 13．结果，制作书籍变得更加容易。 ________, it became easier to ________. 14．第一部电话是亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔在1876年发明的。 The first telephone ________ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 15．每年，这些古代发明都在这家博物馆展出。 These ancient inventions ________________ in this museum every year. 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、阅读理解 A China is changing and developing very quickly. Many young people from home and abroad are talking about the changes. The following are some ▲ which young people made on a website message board. This is my first year in college, and I am Chinese. I’m very proud of China’s development. After I finish my studies in Canada, I will go back to China and start a business. I hope I can do something for the country. —Carmon, Toronto I’m a Chinese student. My hometown used to be very poor. But it has changed a lot now. Most people in my hometown have a better life and many have cars now. But I’m a little worried about the environment because of the rubbish in the river. —Zhou Li, Guangxi I spent two years studying in Beijing in the 1990s and I recently went back there on holiday. I couldn’t believe the changes which had taken place in such a short time. And I respect Chinese people for their wishes for success and their family values. I think these are important in China’s development process.—Jackson, Oxford I hope that China will become a successful and prosperous (繁荣的) country. There is still a long way to go. There are many challenges and difficulties ahead, but I am sure we can turn these challenges into opportunities and build a brighter future together. —Susan, Hong Kong 1．Which word can be put into “ ▲ ”? A．comments B．examples C．results D．suggestions 2．Where is Carmon now? A．In Guangxi. B．In Oxford. C．In Toronto. D．In Hong Kong. 3．How does Zhou Li feel about the changes in her hometown? A．Proud and surprised. B．Happy but worried. C．Surprised but sad. D．Excited but uninterested. 4．When did Jackson study in Beijing? A．In 1990. B．In the early 1990s. C．Less than 10 years ago. D．More than 20 years ago. 5．What can we learn from the text? A．Susan studied in Beijing for two years. B．Jackson dislikes Chinese family values. C．China is changing and developing very fast now. D．Carmon doesn’t want to start a business in China. B Back in 1999, an American exchange teacher Ronald Sakolsky was deeply touched by Yin Yuzhen’s hard work on desert greening. So he raised 5,000 dollars to support her work in the Mu Us Desert. The two lost contact after donation. But Yin never forgot his help. Today, that 5,000-dollar donation has finally grown into over 50,000 trees. The desert has turned into thick woods, where wild animals come back and sandstorms are well controlled. Missing the kind foreign friend all the time, Yin made a public video and invited Sakolsky to see the forest for himself. The video spread quickly online. An online user wrote, “You give me a drop of water, I return a sea. You plant a single tree, I give back a spring.” With people’s help, they talked through a video call within 48 hours. Learning his small kindness created such great changes, Sakolsky felt greatly surprised and excited. Sakolsky has always loved Chinese culture and kept sharing what he learnt in China with his students after returning home. He gladly accepted Yin’s invitation and hoped to plant trees together in person. This moving story attracts wide attention online. More international friends have joined the tree-planting activity to make the earth greener. The lasting friendship and joint efforts fully show that all humans share one common home, and that kindness will always take root and grow strong. 1．What did Sakolsky donate the money for? A．To improve Yin’s life. B．To help plant trees. C．To protect wild animals. D．To make short videos. 2．What is the correct order of the events about Sakolsky? ①He made a donation to Yin. ②He gladly accepted Yin’s invitation. ③He talked with Yin through a video call. ④He shared Chinese culture with his students. A．①②④③ B．①④③② C．②③①④ D．②④①③ 3．Why does the writer mention the online user’s words in Paragraph 3? A．To share his life experiences. B．To offer readers some tips. C．To explain the growth of forests. D．To show our thanks for kindness. 4．What can we know about Ronald Sakolsky? A．He worked as a forest guard in America. B．He has been keeping in touch with Yin all the time. C．He was amazed at the great results of his small help. D．He planted thousands of trees in Mu Us Desert in 1999. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Hard Work on the Desert B．Common Home on the Earth C．A Short Call, a Long Friendship D．A Small Act, a Big Difference C Nowadays, more and more teenagers pay close attention to small problems in daily life and try to create useful inventions. Most teen inventions are not huge or high-tech, but they are very practical and can solve real troubles for people in daily life. A 13-year-old middle school student Zhang Yihan is one of these young creative inventors. Many students have the same trouble when reading. They often forget their exact reading positions or bend book corners to mark pages, which will break books. To solve this common problem, Zhang spent nearly three weeks designing and improving a special bookmark. It is made of transparent (透明的) soft material with a tiny movable pointer, which can exactly mark reading lines without causing any harm to book pages. ▲ . She also added an adjustable (可调节的) timing reminder to the bookmark. Users can set a fixed reading time, and the reminder will tell them to stop reading and rest their eyes properly. This thoughtful and creative invention has won wide praise from teachers and classmates. Zhang said that valuable creativity never comes from luck, but from careful observation of daily life. In fact, great inventions often come from tiny creative ideas in daily life. If teenagers observe life carefully and stick to trying new things, they are able to create practical inventions to make people’s daily lives more convenient. 1．What are most teen inventions like? A．Huge and high-tech. B．Small and special. C．Practical and useful. D．Common and convenient. 2．Why did Zhang Yihan create the special bookmark? A．To help students protect books and record reading places. B．To help students finish their reading homework faster. C．To make her school books more beautiful and popular. D．To win different kinds of school invention prizes. 3．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．This design perfectly solves students’ reading troubles. B．Many students still refuse to use new bookmarks. C．It takes little time to make such a bookmark. D．Book damage is no longer a common problem. 4．What does the underlined word “observation” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．imagination B．attention C．conversation D．communication 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Teenagers’ Good Habits of Reading Books B．A Teenager’s Creative Bookmark Invention. C．How to Protect Your School Books Wisely. D．The Importance of Eye Protection Nowadays. 二、完形填空 Last summer, I had an unforgettable experience of visiting a traditional paper-making workshop. As soon as I went into the small workshop, the smell of wet bark (树皮) 1 the air. An old craftsman smiled and handed me a piece of rough (粗糙的) paper. “This,” he said, “is made from mulberry trees (桑树). Over 2,000 years ago, ancient Chinese people first created this material that changed the world.” He then showed me the 2 . First, workers chose mulberry bark and bamboo, and then they cut them into small pieces. These materials were soaked (浸湿) in clear river water for several days 3 they became soft. After that, the mixture was boiled and beaten into pulp (浆状物). “Look!” the craftsman 4 . “The pulp is made of natural fibers, but soon it will become paper.” While 5 the paper to dry, he told me a story. “In the Han Dynasty, a man named Cai Lun improved this skill. Before his invention, people wrote on 6 bamboo or expensive silk. But Cai Lun’s paper was made from old rags, nets, and plants. It was thin, light, and cheap. It was easy to carry and most people could buy it. I 7 the drying paper—rough but strong. “Today,” the craftsman added, “most paper is made from wood in big factories. But we still keep the ancient way alive.” Walking home, I saw a girl writing on a notebook. I realized every 8 was made from trees, just like Cai Lun’s creation long ago. Paper isn’t 9 a tool; it’s a bridge between the past and the present. Thanks to this Chinese invention, 10 can travel across time and space. 1．A．collected B．filled C．polluted 2．A．process B．product C．surface 3．A．if B．because C．until 4．A．returned B．replied C．pointed 5．A．looking at B．waiting for C．finding out 6．A．small B．heavy C．private 7．A．gave B．bought C．touched 8．A．word B．sentence C．page 9．A．just B．never C．even 10．A．business B．knowledge C．choice 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 “Is that a jellyfish?” Mike saw something in the water. But when he swam 1 , he found it was a plastic bag. He 2 it and dived (潜水) deeper, looking for fish. To his surprise, he saw the sea bottom was covered with bottles and cans. When Mike finally saw a fish, he found that it 3 in an old fishing net (网)! Mike carefully freed the fish. He took the net with him, and soon 4 hands were filled with the rubbish he had collected. Mike and Dad swam back 5 their boat. “Dad, the water is nice and warm, 6 I think I saw more rubbish than fish. And most of it was plastic! I wish there was some way to clean up our oceans.” “It’s great that you care, Mike!” said Dad. That night, while Mike was listening to the waves hit against the side of the boat, 7 idea came to his mind. “The waves! I hope I 8 help the ocean clean itself!” 9 Mike got home, he started working on his idea. He asked his science teacher for advice and read as 10 as he could about nets, waves and plastic pollution. “If my catcher is about three metres deep, it can catch most of the plastic. Waves will wash the rubbish into it, but sea animals can go under it 11 ,” thought Mike. Mike also told his friends about 12 he planned to do, and everyone wanted 13 . After a lot of hard work and mistakes, their first plastic catcher was a big 14 . “It’s a good beginning,” Mike smiled. “If we keep 15 , we can clean up our oceans!” 1．A．close B．closer C．closest D．the closest 2．A．takes B．took C．will take D．has taken 3．A．catches B．caught C．was catching D．was caught 4．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 5．A．to B．from C．in D．on 6．A．and B．or C．but D．so 7．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．A．can B．should C．must D．might 9．A．If B．Because C．Though D．When 10．A．many B．much C．more D．most 11．A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety 12．A．what B．how C．whether D．where 13．A．help B．helped C．helping D．to help 14．A．success B．succeed C．successful D．successfully 15．A．go B．to go C．going D．gone 四、阅读表达 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题。 In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made a great invention—the telephone. For the first time in history, people could talk to someone far away just like they were in the same room. But today, phones can do much more than just make calls! The story of mobile phones began with two-way radios. These early devices (设备) had a big problem—they only worked when people were close to each other. In the 1940s, smart scientists found a way. They built tall radio towers across the country to pass signals (信号) easily. Everything changed in 1973 when Dr. Martin Cooper made the first real mobile phone call. During the 1980s, mobile phones became smaller but were still very expensive. Only rich business people could afford them, and the phones looked like big plastic bricks. The 1990s brought another big change. Phones became cheaper and smaller, fitting easily in pockets. Soon, almost everyone had one. Text messaging became popular. People started writing short messages instead of making phone calls. Meeting time became more flexible (灵活的) because you could just text “I’ll be 15 minutes late.” Now we have smartphones—like powerful mini-computers in our pockets. We use them to take photos, watch videos, play games, and even help with housework! Messaging apps let us send videos and long messages easily. While phones help us stay connected, some people worry that we spend too much time on them. Looking back, it’s amazing how phones have changed. From Bell’s simple telephone to today’s smartphones, this has truly changed our lives. What will phones be able to do next? Only time will tell! 1．When did Alexander Graham Bell invent the telephone? (no more than 6 words) 2．Why did scientists build tall radio towers in the 1940s? (no more than 12 words) 3．Who made the first real mobile phone call? (no more than 10 words) 4．How can smartphones help us in our lives? (请给出两个例子) 5．What do you think the future phones might be like? (请自拟一句话作答) 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 For those who are fond of traveling, especially the rail travel, China in 1987 was the sort of place that could not be missed. In 1987, China used steam (蒸汽) trains. Most people 1 (probable) didn’t believe China could step into the high-speed train age in so short a time. This made people from other countries 2 (surprise). Bruce Connolly, a photographer from Scotland, was one of 3 (they). He arrived in China in 1987 and then began his journey around the country. Since then, he has visited many areas of China. He recorded every meaningful moment in his view by taking photos. During his travels in China, Connolly 4 (find) that China was quite different from 5 he had seen in photos. In the early years of his trips, most Chinese people were always curious about foreigners visiting China. But now, there are plenty 6 foreigners living or traveling in these big cities. They are no longer strange to Chinese people. Another big change that Connolly has 7 (feel) in China is the widespread use of new technologies. People use high-technology 8 (product) everywhere. China has become one of 9 strongest countries across the world. Chinese people have used their wisdom to show the world that they will have a more convenient 10 brighter future. 六、书面表达 发明改变了世界，改变了我们的生活，如手机、汽车、地图等。假如你是李华，你校英语社团正在开展线上国际交流活动。其公众号计划做关于“发明改变生活”的系列推送，请你用英文给公众号投稿，结合自身经历，推荐一个你认为重要的发明，并说明推荐理由。 要求： 1. 题目自拟，词数100词左右； 2. 内容需涵盖所有要求，可适当发挥； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等相关信息。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $