专题03 定语从句（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期沪教版

专题03 定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 / 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句（when / where / why） / 考点三 “介词 + 关系代词”结构 / 考点四 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 / 考点五 易混辨析：定语从句 VS 同位语从句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 定语从句是高一期中英语核心重难点。常考查关系代词（that / which / who / whom / whose）、关系副词（when / where / why）的选用；区分限制性与非限制性定语从句；识别that与which的使用边界、whose用法、“介词+关系代词”结构。 命题分布：语法填空、单句改错、阅读理解长难句拆解、书面表达句式升级。基础题考查关系词识别；拉开分差考点：介词+关系代词、非限制性定语从句、as与which辨析、定语从句与同位语从句区分。 识记 熟记定语从句概念；牢记关系代词、关系副词的功能；分清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句形式差异；记住that不能用于非限制性定语从句、介词后不能用that等规则。 理解 分清先行词是人/物/时间/地点/原因；能判断关系词在从句充当成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）；辨析定语从句vs同位语从句；区分as / which引导非限制性定语从句。 应用 语法填空中准确填写关系词；阅读理解拆解带定语从句长难句；写作能够用定语从句升级简单句；能够识别并改正定语从句典型错误。 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语。 who 人 主语、宾语 可替换whom作宾语 whom 人 仅宾语 可被who替换；介词后只能用whom which 物 主语、宾语 可用于非限制性定语从句 that 人/物 主语、宾语 不能用于非限制性；不能放介词之后 whose 人/物 定语 表所属，“……的”，whose +名词 例句：1. The girl who is standing there is my deskmate.（who指代girl，从句作主语）站在那儿的女孩是我的同桌。 2. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（which指代book，从句作宾语，可省略）我昨天买的那本书很有趣。 3. This is the boy whose father is a doctor.（whose修饰father，作定语）这就是那个父亲是医生的男孩。 ⚠️概念辨析 📌概念辨析：that与which选用 ✅只用that情况： ①先行词为不定代词(all, everything, nothing等)；②先行词被最高级、序数词修饰；③先行词被the only,the very修饰；④先行词既有人又有物。 只用which：有逗号的非限制性定语从句；介词后面。 ⚠️避坑指南 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，限制性定语从句中可以省略关系代词；作主语绝对不可省略。 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句（when / where / why） 关系副词=介词+which；关系副词在从句只做状语，从句本身主谓/主谓宾完整！ 1. when：先行词表时间（time, day, year…），从句缺时间状语 I will never forget the day when we first met.= I will never forget the day on which we first met. 2. where：先行词表地点（place, school, factory…），从句缺地点状语 This is the school where I studied for three years.=This is the school in which I studied for three years. 3. why：先行词一般是reason，从句缺原因状语 Tell me the reason why you were late.=Tell me the reason for which you were late. ⚠️避坑指南 先行词是时间/地点，不一定用when/where！要看从句缺主语或宾语，则要用which/that。 例：I still remember the days that/which we spent together. 先行词days；从句spent缺宾语→用that/which，不用when。 考点三 “介词 + 关系代词”结构 1. 介词选择依据：①和从句动词搭配；②和先行词搭配。 2. 规则：介词后指人只用whom；指物只用which；绝对不能用that。 例：This is the house in which I lived last year.=This is the house which I lived in last year. The girl with whom you talked just now is my cousin.刚刚和你交谈的女孩是我的表妹。 考点四 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句：无逗号；去掉后主句语义不完整；可用that。 The boy who wears glasses is my brother.（限定：戴眼镜那个男孩） 2. 非限制性定语从句：逗号隔开，只是补充说明；去掉主句意思完整；不能用that。 My brother, who wears glasses, likes playing basketball.我的哥哥，他戴着眼镜，喜欢打篮球。 重点：as / which 引导修饰整个主句的非限制性定语从句 • as：可放句首、句中、句末，常有“正如、如同”；固定搭配 as we know, as is known to all • which：只能放在主句后面，指代整件事情，译为“这一点” As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.（as放句首，不能用which） He passed the exam, which surprised us all.（which指代整件事，这一点让我们惊讶） 考点五 易混辨析：定语从句 VS 同位语从句 定语从句：修饰限定前面名词；that充当从句成分（主/宾），作宾语可以省略。 The news (that) he told me is true.（that作told宾语，定语从句） 同位语从句：解释名词具体内容；that不充当从句任何成分，不能省略。 The news that he will come is true.（that不作成分，解释news内容，同位语从句） 记忆口诀： 定从修饰限名词，that作主或作宾； 同从解释内容义，that不作成分用； 介后非限不用that，成分看清再选词。 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句填空（填入合适关系词，每空1词） 1. The girl ______ helped me yesterday is my classmate. 2. The novel ______ I borrowed from library is very popular. 3. This is the teacher ______ son won the English competition. 4. I will never forget the day ______ I joined the club. 5. The factory ______ my father works is far away from my home. 6. Tell me the reason ______ you changed your mind. 7. All ______ you have done is very helpful for our project. 8. The boy to ______ I spoke is from Canada. 9. The house ______ we visited last week was built 100 years ago. 10. The woman ______ we met at the gate is our new head‑teacher. 【答案与解析】 1. who/that 先行词the girl指人，从句缺主语。 2. which/that 先行词novel指物，从句borrowed缺宾语，可省略。 3. whose 作定语，the teacher’s son，表示所属关系。 4. when 先行词the day表时间；从句主谓完整，缺时间状语。 5. where 先行词factory地点；从句work完整，缺地点状语。 6. why 先行词reason，从句缺原因状语。 7. that 先行词不定代词all，只用that，不用which。 8. whom 介词to后面，指人只能用whom。 9. which/that 先行词house，visit缺少宾语。 10. whom/who/that 先行词the woman，met缺宾语。 二、单句改错 1. This is the factory where we visited last year. 2. The man which you met is my uncle. 3. This is the boy who’s mother is a nurse. 4. I will never forget the days when we spent together. 5. The book, that I bought yesterday, is interesting. 6. This is the room in that we lived. 7. As we all know it, light travels faster than sound. 8. The reason why he gave was not true. 9. All which he said is right. 10. The news which he passed the exam excited everyone.（同位语从句） 【答案与解析】 1.where→which/that；从句visit缺宾语 2.which→who/whom；先行词man是人 3.who’s→whose；作定语表“……的” 4.when→which/that；spent缺宾语 5.that→which；非限制性不能用that 6.that→which；介词后不用that 7.删掉it；as已经充当从句宾语 8.why→which/that；gave缺宾语 9.which→that；先行词all只用that 10.which→that；同位语从句that不作成分 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 Many teenagers love books 1______ talk about growth. I still remember the day 2______ I first read The Little Prince, 3______ is one of the most famous world‑famous novels. The boy 4______ story is told in the book travels across different planets. There is a planet on 5______ he meets many strange adults. The people with 6______ he communicates all have strange ideas. As is known to us, the book has deep meanings, 7______ makes lots of teenagers think about life. The reason 8______ I like it is that it teaches us to keep a pure heart. All 9______ we learn from it is valuable. I will never forget the lesson 10______ the little prince gives us. 【答案】 1. that / which 先行词books指物，从句缺少主语。 2. when 先行词the day；从句完整，缺时间状语。 3. which 逗号隔开非限制性定语从句，指代书名，不能用that。 4. whose 修饰story，“the boy’s story”作定语。 5. which 介词on+关系代词，指物，on which = where。 6. whom 介词with后面指人，只能whom。 7. which 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，译为“这一点”。 8. why 先行词the reason，从句缺少原因状语。 9. that 先行词all，只用that。 10. that / which 先行词lesson，gives缺宾语。 二、用定语从句合并句子 1. The boy is standing over there. He helped me carry my heavy suitcase. 2. This is the new library. We visited it last Sunday. 3. I will always remember the day. I joined the volunteer club on that day. 4. The girl is my deskmate. Her father is a famous photographer. 5. This is the small town. My grandma was born in this town. 6. The reason is unknown. He refused to take part in the sports meeting for the reason. 7. The novel is really attractive. I borrowed it from our school library. 8. The woman is our English teacher. You spoke to her just now. 9. The report is well‑written. Tom finished the report yesterday. 10. We respect the scientist. He has made great contributions to environmental protection. 【参考答案】 1. The boy who/that is standing over there helped me carry my heavy suitcase. 2. This is the new library (which/that) we visited last Sunday. 3. I will always remember the day when/on which I joined the volunteer club. 4. The girl whose father is a famous photographer is my deskmate. 5. This is the small town where/in which my grandma was born. 6. The reason why/for which he refused to take part in the sports meeting is unknown. 7. The novel (which/that) I borrowed from our school library is really attractive. 8. The woman to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher. / The woman (whom/who/that) you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 9. The report (which/that) Tom finished yesterday is well‑written. 10. We respect the scientist who/that has made great contributions to environmental protection. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 / 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句（when / where / why） / 考点三 “介词 + 关系代词”结构 / 考点四 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 / 考点五 易混辨析：定语从句 VS 同位语从句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 定语从句是高一期中英语核心重难点。常考查关系代词（that / which / who / whom / whose）、关系副词（when / where / why）的选用；区分限制性与非限制性定语从句；识别that与which的使用边界、whose用法、“介词+关系代词”结构。 命题分布：语法填空、单句改错、阅读理解长难句拆解、书面表达句式升级。基础题考查关系词识别；拉开分差考点：介词+关系代词、非限制性定语从句、as与which辨析、定语从句与同位语从句区分。 识记 熟记定语从句概念；牢记关系代词、关系副词的功能；分清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句形式差异；记住that不能用于非限制性定语从句、介词后不能用that等规则。 理解 分清先行词是人/物/时间/地点/原因；能判断关系词在从句充当成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）；辨析定语从句vs同位语从句；区分as / which引导非限制性定语从句。 应用 语法填空中准确填写关系词；阅读理解拆解带定语从句长难句；写作能够用定语从句升级简单句；能够识别并改正定语从句典型错误。 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语。 who 人 主语、宾语 可替换whom作宾语 whom 人 仅宾语 可被who替换；介词后只能用whom which 物 主语、宾语 可用于非限制性定语从句 that 人/物 主语、宾语 不能用于非限制性；不能放介词之后 whose 人/物 定语 表所属，“……的”，whose +名词 例句：1. The girl who is standing there is my deskmate.（who指代girl，从句作主语）站在那儿的女孩是我的同桌。 2. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（which指代book，从句作宾语，可省略）我昨天买的那本书很有趣。 3. This is the boy whose father is a doctor.（whose修饰father，作定语）这就是那个父亲是医生的男孩。 ⚠️概念辨析 📌概念辨析：that与which选用 ✅只用that情况： ①先行词为不定代词(all, everything, nothing等)；②先行词被最高级、序数词修饰；③先行词被the only,the very修饰；④先行词既有人又有物。 只用which：有逗号的非限制性定语从句；介词后面。 ⚠️避坑指南 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，限制性定语从句中可以省略关系代词；作主语绝对不可省略。 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句（when / where / why） 关系副词=介词+which；关系副词在从句只做状语，从句本身主谓/主谓宾完整！ 1. when：先行词表时间（time, day, year…），从句缺时间状语 I will never forget the day when we first met.= I will never forget the day on which we first met. 2. where：先行词表地点（place, school, factory…），从句缺地点状语 This is the school where I studied for three years.=This is the school in which I studied for three years. 3. why：先行词一般是reason，从句缺原因状语 Tell me the reason why you were late.=Tell me the reason for which you were late. ⚠️避坑指南 先行词是时间/地点，不一定用when/where！要看从句缺主语或宾语，则要用which/that。 例：I still remember the days that/which we spent together. 先行词days；从句spent缺宾语→用that/which，不用when。 考点三 “介词 + 关系代词”结构 1. 介词选择依据：①和从句动词搭配；②和先行词搭配。 2. 规则：介词后指人只用whom；指物只用which；绝对不能用that。 例：This is the house in which I lived last year.=This is the house which I lived in last year. The girl with whom you talked just now is my cousin.刚刚和你交谈的女孩是我的表妹。 考点四 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句：无逗号；去掉后主句语义不完整；可用that。 The boy who wears glasses is my brother.（限定：戴眼镜那个男孩） 2. 非限制性定语从句：逗号隔开，只是补充说明；去掉主句意思完整；不能用that。 My brother, who wears glasses, likes playing basketball.我的哥哥，他戴着眼镜，喜欢打篮球。 重点：as / which 引导修饰整个主句的非限制性定语从句 • as：可放句首、句中、句末，常有“正如、如同”；固定搭配 as we know, as is known to all • which：只能放在主句后面，指代整件事情，译为“这一点” As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.（as放句首，不能用which） He passed the exam, which surprised us all.（which指代整件事，这一点让我们惊讶） 考点五 易混辨析：定语从句 VS 同位语从句 定语从句：修饰限定前面名词；that充当从句成分（主/宾），作宾语可以省略。 The news (that) he told me is true.（that作told宾语，定语从句） 同位语从句：解释名词具体内容；that不充当从句任何成分，不能省略。 The news that he will come is true.（that不作成分，解释news内容，同位语从句） 记忆口诀： 定从修饰限名词，that作主或作宾； 同从解释内容义，that不作成分用； 介后非限不用that，成分看清再选词。 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句填空（填入合适关系词，每空1词） 1. The girl ______ helped me yesterday is my classmate. 2. The novel ______ I borrowed from library is very popular. 3. This is the teacher ______ son won the English competition. 4. I will never forget the day ______ I joined the club. 5. The factory ______ my father works is far away from my home. 6. Tell me the reason ______ you changed your mind. 7. All ______ you have done is very helpful for our project. 8. The boy to ______ I spoke is from Canada. 9. The house ______ we visited last week was built 100 years ago. 10. The woman ______ we met at the gate is our new head‑teacher. 二、单句改错 1. This is the factory where we visited last year. 2. The man which you met is my uncle. 3. This is the boy who’s mother is a nurse. 4. I will never forget the days when we spent together. 5. The book, that I bought yesterday, is interesting. 6. This is the room in that we lived. 7. As we all know it, light travels faster than sound. 8. The reason why he gave was not true. 9. All which he said is right. 10. The news which he passed the exam excited everyone.（同位语从句） 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 Many teenagers love books 1______ talk about growth. I still remember the day 2______ I first read The Little Prince, 3______ is one of the most famous world‑famous novels. The boy 4______ story is told in the book travels across different planets. There is a planet on 5______ he meets many strange adults. The people with 6______ he communicates all have strange ideas. As is known to us, the book has deep meanings, 7______ makes lots of teenagers think about life. The reason 8______ I like it is that it teaches us to keep a pure heart. All 9______ we learn from it is valuable. I will never forget the lesson 10______ the little prince gives us. 二、用定语从句合并句子 1. The boy is standing over there. He helped me carry my heavy suitcase. 2. This is the new library. We visited it last Sunday. 3. I will always remember the day. I joined the volunteer club on that day. 4. The girl is my deskmate. Her father is a famous photographer. 5. This is the small town. My grandma was born in this town. 6. The reason is unknown. He refused to take part in the sports meeting for the reason. 7. The novel is really attractive. I borrowed it from our school library. 8. The woman is our English teacher. You spoke to her just now. 9. The report is well‑written. Tom finished the report yesterday. 10. We respect the scientist. He has made great contributions to environmental protection. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $