专题02 动词时态(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期上海通用

2025-10-30
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高一
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 时态
使用场景 同步教学-期中
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 上海市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-10-30
更新时间 2025-09-19
作者 David中高考英语考试研究
品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2025-09-19
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专题02 动词时态(期中复习讲义) 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 (1)必考形式:一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 (2)高频难点:现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 (3)题型对应: • 语法填空(有提示词)——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构,此句为there be句型,主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句,空格处为从句的谓语动词,此处意为!“被人们所知道”,be known for意为“因……而出名”,而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境,这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies",表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构,主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明,判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分,再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构,而且“be available to”表示“可用于……,……可利用或得到的”,Advisers是复数,故填入are/will be/ have been。句意:通常,每家公司都有三名顾问,一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 【解析】23.is known 考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义,此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...),根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的,文章的时态为一般现在时,而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句,空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 【解析】24.develops 考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur,该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列,时态还是一般现在时,故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求,发展出了一个商业想法,然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词,惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多,很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops。 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 【解析】考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词,结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时,故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过,我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 考情分析: 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时:2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”(hasn't seen)。 2.一般过去时:2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态:如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”(一般现在时被动)。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强:如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态,需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现:如现在完成进行时(have been doing)需储备基础用法。 复习目标: 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法; 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法,避免机械套用公式; 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 动词时态之基本用法梳理 知识点01 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am,第三人称单数形式用is,其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是: (1)一般情况直接加­s, (2)结尾为­s,­x,­sh,­ch或­o,在词尾加­es discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches fix—fixes go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母+y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries study—studies 2.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus,and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班,而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧!4026航班18:20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow,we will go there.要是明天晴天,我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1.一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是:规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped like—liked (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加­ed study—studied try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted permit—permitted 2.一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday,the other day,last week,the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1.一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will+动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称,will用于一切人称。 2.一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,next year,in+一段时间等连用。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了? —I have no idea. But just a minute,I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等,我给你查查。 3.其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon,I think.瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1.过去将来时的构成 should/would+动词原形 was/were going to+动词原形 was/were about to+动词原形 was/were to+动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2.过去将来时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会,但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 知识点02 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样? —Well,it's very hard work and I'm always tired,but I don't mind. ——哦,工作很辛苦,我也总是很累,不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,轻轻地说:“你为什么那样盯着我看?” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。其构成为:will/shall bee+现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了,因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为:have/has been+现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常见的时间状语:all this morning,this month,these few days,since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了,你们在等着看哪部电影呢? —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》,我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 知识点03 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past) few days/years,up to now,till now,so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里,全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语:since+时间点; for+时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗? —Sorry,I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下,好吗? 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时,我偶然遇见了戴维,我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语:before,by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time+从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时,他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。 3.常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time+that sb.has/have done; This/It /That was the first /...time+that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+(that)定语从句,从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did; It was/ had been+一段时间+since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为:will /shall +have + 过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时,孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时,我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 【即时检测】 1.Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Doing pull-ups develops our core muscles and (strength) our upper back. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3.By the end of he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4.I (give) a talk on artificial intelligence from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 5.By the time Juan gets home, his father (leave) for London.(所给词的适当形式填空) 6.I heard he (practice) for twenty years, ever since he was five. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7.By the time you come back next month, I (finish) my research on environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8.He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.It never (occur) to me that the criminal had escaped from the prison! (所给词的适当形式填空) 10.It (strike) me that I had missed a golden chance to win the game. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11.She (tear) up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin just mow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12.When I arrived, he (lie) on the bed, fast asleep. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13.Henry, along with his parents, (fix) his car when he heard the sound. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14.Tom (graduate) from college in a few months because he has completed all the courses. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15.We (leave) for Shanghai this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 易|错|点|拨 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon,I think. 瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 高中时态之重难点 知识点01 ◆ 现在完成进行时 (重点)现在完成进行时的构成 考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为:have/has been+现在分词。 2.现在完成进行时的用法 (1) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常见的时间状语:all this morning,this month,these few days,since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?——打扰了,你们在等着看哪部电影呢? —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》,我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2) 所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时之比较 It has rained for three hours.    雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作不再延续下去)   It has been raining for three hours. 雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作可能延续) We have been cleaning the classroom. 我们打扫教室来着。   We have cleaned the classroom. 我们把教室打扫过了。 知识点02 ◆ 将来进行时(难点) 将来进行时概念:表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了,因为她那个时间在授课。 将来进行时的用法: 1. 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。   This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.   What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? We'll be watching television all evening. 2. 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。   We'll be having tea after dinner as usual.   I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 知识点03 ◆ 将来完成时(难点) 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用,或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.   到我们回家时,孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I shall have written my paper. 你今晚八点钟来时,我将会写完文章了 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years. 到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 【即时检测】 01: ( ) .The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.  A.has told    B.is telling      C.has been telling    D.will have told 02: ( ) .I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I  to Shanghai.  A.will be flying     B.will fly        C.have been flying    D.have flown  03: 等他明年回来,这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) 解|题|技|巧 1.提取中文句子的时间信息(显性时间词或隐性语境),匹配对应时态(如 “已经完成”→现在完成时 “have/has done”); 2.判断动作的主动 / 被动:若中文强调 “被影响”,直接用被动语态(注意时态与被动的结合,如 “昨天被批评”→一般过去时被动 “was/were criticized”); 3.检查动词形式(确保过去分词、第三人称单数等细节正确,如被动语态中过去分词的拼写)。 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、语法填空 1.My routine diet (consist) of fruit, milk, vegetables and rice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Professor Smith, as well as his assistants (do) an experiment in the lab now. 3.Alice said to me that she (stay) in her hometown for two more days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4.Mum was so excited that she (drop) the phone into the sea. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5.Soldiers (march) up and down outside the government buildings at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6.They (go) fishing if it doesn’t rain this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7.Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8.By the end of he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10.At ten o'clock tomorrow, she (work) in her office. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 11.He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 12.By the end of next year, we (learn) about 2,500 English words in the textbook. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13.A child and a man (walk) on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14.I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 15.People (bring) their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16.The young man (use) the computer since he was a kid. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17.Now they are sitting in their classroom and listening to a tape. This time tomorrow they (sit) in the cinema. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18.Don’t you think it is likely that the scientists (discover)a cure for cancer by the year 2040? (所给词的适当形式填空) 19.You needn’t hurry her. She (finish)it by the time you are ready. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20.We are late. I expect the film (start)by the time we get to the cinema.(所给词的适当形式填空) 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 完成句子 1.我选了一家广东餐馆,这家的食物放在了美丽的瓷盘里。 I a Cantonese restaurant that served food on beautiful plates. 2.我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐,这时水就开始涌进我的家里来。 I was breakfast with my three children water started filling my home. 3.非常荣幸来到这里与大家分享音乐是如何影响了我的人生的。 and to share with you the story of how music my life. 4.Who do you think will this company after his father retires? 你认为他父亲退休谁会掌管这家公司? 5.你没有紧扣眼前所发生的事,而是只提出了一些过去的类似事例。 Instead of staying in the here and now, you’ve just similar instances from the past. 6.I remember thinking that hold such a note as this… 记得当时我以为我手里永远都不会握有这样一张钞票…… 7.明天下午两点不要来看我,那时我将在做化学实验。 Don’t call on me at 2 tomorrow afternoon because I a chemical experiment then. 8.等交通畅通时,我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 9.中国人民一直渴望探索太空,希望能更多地了解宇宙。 The Chinese people finding out more about the universe. 10.在这个地区雨已经下了两个多小时了。 It for more than two hours in this region. 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 一、语法填空 1.The company (develop) new and innovative products since last year, hoping to gain a competitive edge in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Although they for hours, neither side has been willing to give in, leading to a pause. (argue) (所给词的适当形式填空) 3.They (investigate) the traffic accident for two days and will soon write a report about it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4.Marty (work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5.By the time I graduate from high school, I (study) English for six years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6.Hurry up! By the time we get to the assembly hall, the meeting (start). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7.By the end of the run, all my stress (disappear) and I’m ready to face the next day at work!(所给词的适当形式填空) 8.At ten o'clock tomorrow, she (work) in her office. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 9.I (pick) up my boss at three this afternoon. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 10.An old hand at photography, Tim (shoot) wildlife as a hobby for the last 13 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 11.得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。(load) Knowing that they had arrived safely . 12.So far, I (已经用完所有钱 ). I have no choice but to borrow some from relatives. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 13.在这个地区雨已经下了两个多小时了。 It for more than two hours in this region. 14.明天下午两点不要来看我,那时我将在做化学实验。 Don’t call on me at 2 tomorrow afternoon because I a chemical experiment then. 15.等交通畅通时,我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 链接高考(测试时间:15分钟) (时态语态) 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题02 动词时态(期中复习讲义) 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 (1)必考形式:一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 (2)高频难点:现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 (3)题型对应: • 语法填空(有提示词)——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构,此句为there be句型,主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句,空格处为从句的谓语动词,此处意为!“被人们所知道”,be known for意为“因……而出名”,而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境,这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies",表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构,主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明,判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分,再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构,而且“be available to”表示“可用于……,……可利用或得到的”,Advisers是复数,故填入are/will be/ have been。句意:通常,每家公司都有三名顾问,一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 【解析】23.is known 考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义,此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...),根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的,文章的时态为一般现在时,而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句,空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 【解析】24.develops 考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur,该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列,时态还是一般现在时,故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求,发展出了一个商业想法,然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词,惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多,很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops。 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 【解析】考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词,结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时,故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过,我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 考情分析: 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时:2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”(hasn't seen)。 2.一般过去时:2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态:如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”(一般现在时被动)。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强:如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态,需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现:如现在完成进行时(have been doing)需储备基础用法。 复习目标: 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法; 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法,避免机械套用公式; 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 动词时态之基本用法梳理 知识点01 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am,第三人称单数形式用is,其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是: (1)一般情况直接加­s, (2)结尾为­s,­x,­sh,­ch或­o,在词尾加­es discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches fix—fixes go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母+y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries study—studies 2.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus,and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班,而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧!4026航班18:20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow,we will go there.要是明天晴天,我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1.一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是:规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped like—liked (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加­ed study—studied try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted permit—permitted 2.一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday,the other day,last week,the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1.一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will+动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称,will用于一切人称。 2.一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,next year,in+一段时间等连用。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了? —I have no idea. But just a minute,I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等,我给你查查。 3.其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon,I think.瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1.过去将来时的构成 should/would+动词原形 was/were going to+动词原形 was/were about to+动词原形 was/were to+动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2.过去将来时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会,但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 知识点02 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样? —Well,it's very hard work and I'm always tired,but I don't mind. ——哦,工作很辛苦,我也总是很累,不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,轻轻地说:“你为什么那样盯着我看?” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。其构成为:will/shall bee+现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了,因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为:have/has been+现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常见的时间状语:all this morning,this month,these few days,since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了,你们在等着看哪部电影呢? —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》,我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 知识点03 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past) few days/years,up to now,till now,so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里,全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语:since+时间点; for+时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗? —Sorry,I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下,好吗? 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时,我偶然遇见了戴维,我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语:before,by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time+从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时,他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。 3.常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time+that sb.has/have done; This/It /That was the first /...time+that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+(that)定语从句,从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did; It was/ had been+一段时间+since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为:will /shall +have + 过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时,孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时,我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 【即时检测】 1.Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意:自从轻轨建成以来,我们的日常生活发生了许多变化。根据since the light rail was built可知,take place“发生”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,由此可知,句子应用现在完成时,又因主语changes是复数,所以助动词用have。故填have taken。 2.Doing pull-ups develops our core muscles and (strength) our upper back. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthens 【详解】考查动词。句意:做引体向上可以锻炼我们的核心肌肉,加强我们的上背部。分析句子可知可知,此空应填动词作谓语,strengthen表“加强”,为动词,符合句意,且这里应和and前develops一致,用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填strengthens。 3.By the end of he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had learnt/had learned 【详解】考查时态。句意:到14岁的时候,他已经自学了高等数学。根据上文By the end of he was 14 years old可知为过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填had learnt/learned。 4.I (give) a talk on artificial intelligence from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be giving 【详解】考查时态。句意:明天下午2点到3点,我将做一个关于人工智能的演讲。根据后文2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow可知表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行,应用将来进行时。故填will be giving。 5.By the time Juan gets home, his father (leave) for London.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have left 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意:胡安到家时,他父亲已经去伦敦了。该句是含By the time引导的时间状语从句的复合句,根据时间状语从句By the time Juan gets home,可知主句表示将来完成的事情,谓语动词用将来完成时。故答案为will have left。 6.I heard he (practice) for twenty years, ever since he was five. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been practicing 【详解】考查过去完成进行时。句意:我听说他从五岁开始练琴已经有二十年了。空处是宾语从句的谓语,主句使用的是一般过去时,从句表示的动作发生在主句之前,结合“for twenty years”可知,此处表示持续到过去某时的一个动作,应用过去完成进行时,故填had been practicing。 7.By the time you come back next month, I (finish) my research on environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have finished 【详解】考查时态。 句意:到你下个月回来的时候,我将已经完成我的环境保护研究。根据“By the time you come back next month”可知,表示动作发生在将来某一时间点之前,强调该动作在该时间点已完成,用将来完成时。故填will have finished。 8.He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been writing 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:他写了一上午的作文,现在还在工作。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。根据句中the whole morning and he is still working以及句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时态,表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到至今,并将持续下去,主语He表示单数意义,故填has been writing。 9.It never (occur) to me that the criminal had escaped from the prison! (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】occurred 【详解】考查时态。句意:我从来没有想到那个罪犯已经从监狱里逃出来了!空处为主句谓语动词,陈述过去的动作,用一般过去时。故填occurred。 10.It (strike) me that I had missed a golden chance to win the game. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】struck 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我突然意识到自己错过了一个赢得比赛的绝佳机会。从句动词had missed 是过去完成时,表示 “错过机会” 这一动作发生在 “意识到” 之前(即 “过去的过去”),主句时态:根据时态一致性原则,主句需用一般过去时,因此 strike 要用过去式 struck。故填struck。 11.She (tear) up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin just mow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】tore 【详解】考查动词。句意:她刚才生气地把信撕了,扔进了垃圾箱。根据句中的threw可知,句子时态为一般过去时。故填tore。 12.When I arrived, he (lie) on the bed, fast asleep. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was lying 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意:我到的时候,他正躺在床上睡得很熟。结合时间状语从句“When I arrived”可知,此处描述过去正在发生的事情,使用过去进行时,主语he表示单数意义,be动词使用was,故填was lying。 13.Henry, along with his parents, (fix) his car when he heard the sound. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was fixing 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:亨利和他的父母正在修理他的汽车时,他听到了那个声音。根据when he heard the sound可知,此处描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时;along with连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与前面的主语保持一致,即与Henry保持主谓一致,be动词使用was。故填was fixing。 14.Tom (graduate) from college in a few months because he has completed all the courses. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will graduate/is graduating/is going to graduate/is to graduate 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:汤姆几个月后就要大学毕业了,因为他已经完成了所有的课程。根据时间状语in a few months可知,设空处谓语动词应用将来时态,表示将要发生的动作,可以用will do, be doing(即将做某事),be going to do(打算做某事)或be to do(计划做某事)结构。故填will graduate/ is graduating/ is going to graduate/ is to graduate。 15.We (leave) for Shanghai this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are leaving/will leave 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我们今天下午动身去上海。空处应填谓语动词,由时间状语this afternoon可知此处表示将来的动作,应用一般将来时;同时,位移动词leave, go, start等常用现在进行时表示将来的动作,主语为We。故填are leaving/will leave。 易|错|点|拨 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon,I think. 瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 高中时态之重难点 知识点01 ◆ 现在完成进行时 (重点) 1. 现在完成进行时的构成 考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为:have/has been+现在分词。 2.现在完成进行时的用法 (1) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常见的时间状语:all this morning,this month,these few days,since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?——打扰了,你们在等着看哪部电影呢? —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》,我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2) 所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时之比较 It has rained for three hours.    雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作不再延续下去)   It has been raining for three hours. 雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作可能延续) We have been cleaning the classroom. 我们打扫教室来着。   We have cleaned the classroom. 我们把教室打扫过了。 知识点02 ◆ 将来进行时(难点) 将来进行时概念:表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了,因为她那个时间在授课。 将来进行时的用法: 1. 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。   This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.   What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? We'll be watching television all evening. 2. 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。   We'll be having tea after dinner as usual.   I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 知识点03 ◆ 将来完成时(难点) 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用,或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.   到我们回家时,孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I shall have written my paper. 你今晚八点钟来时,我将会写完文章了 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years. 到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 【即时检测】 01: ( ) .The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.  A.has told    B.is telling      C.has been telling    D.will have told 02: ( ) .I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I  to Shanghai.  A.will be flying       B.will fly        C.have been flying    D.have flown  03: 等他明年回来,这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) 1By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 解|题|技|巧 1.提取中文句子的时间信息(显性时间词或隐性语境),匹配对应时态(如 “已经完成”→现在完成时 “have/has done”); 2.判断动作的主动 / 被动:若中文强调 “被影响”,直接用被动语态(注意时态与被动的结合,如 “昨天被批评”→一般过去时被动 “was/were criticized”); 3.检查动词形式(确保过去分词、第三人称单数等细节正确,如被动语态中过去分词的拼写)。 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、语法填空 1.My routine diet (consist) of fruit, milk, vegetables and rice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consists 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我的日常饮食包括水果、牛奶、蔬菜和米饭。句子是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时,主语diet表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数,故填consists。 2.Professor Smith, as well as his assistants (do) an experiment in the lab now. 【答案】is doing 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:Smith教授和他的助手们现在正在实验室里做实验。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词的数由as well as前的主语Professor Smith决定,应该用单数形式;且由时间状语now 可知,应用现在进行时,故填is doing。 3.Alice said to me that she (stay) in her hometown for two more days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would stay 【详解】考查时态。句意:爱丽丝告诉我她将在家乡再待两天。根据主句时态可知,用过去时态。再根据从句时间状语for two more days可知,用过去将来时。根据句意,故填would stay。 4.Mum was so excited that she (drop) the phone into the sea. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dropped 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:妈妈太兴奋了,以至于她把手机掉进了海里。空处位于that引导的结果状语从句中作谓语,根据主句谓语动词“was”可知,句子是一般过去时,从句也应使用一般过去时态来保持时态上的一致性,应用动词drop的过去式dropped。故填dropped。 5.Soldiers (march) up and down outside the government buildings at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were marching 【详解】考查时态。句意:当时,士兵们在政府大楼外走来走去。根据at that time可知,描述过去一段时间一直进行的动作,应用过去进行时,且主语soldiers是复数,be动词使用were。故填were marching。 6.They (go) fishing if it doesn’t rain this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will go 【详解】考查时态。句意:如果今天下午不下雨,他们就去钓鱼。句子为if引导的条件状语从句,从句为一般现在时,主句应用一般将来时,故填will go。 7.Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意:自从轻轨建成以来,我们的日常生活发生了许多变化。根据since the light rail was built可知,take place“发生”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,由此可知,句子应用现在完成时,又因主语changes是复数,所以助动词用have。故填have taken。 8.By the end of he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had learnt/had learned 【详解】考查时态。句意:到14岁的时候,他已经自学了高等数学。根据上文By the end of he was 14 years old可知为过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填had learnt/learned。 9.He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been writing 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:他写了一上午的作文,现在还在工作。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。根据句中the whole morning and he is still working以及句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时态,表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到至今,并将持续下去,主语He表示单数意义,故填has been writing。 10.At ten o'clock tomorrow, she (work) in her office. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be working 【详解】考查时态。明天十点,她将会在办公室工作。表示将来的某个时间点正进行的动作,用将来进行时,故填will be working。 11.He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have learned/will have learnt 【详解】考查时态。句意:到明年大学毕业时,他已经学了八年英语了。空处为主句谓语动词,根据by the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知,主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动作,应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。 12.By the end of next year, we (learn) about 2,500 English words in the textbook. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have learned 【详解】考查时态。句意:到明年年底,我们将学习课本上大约2500个英语单词。根据时间状语By the end of next year可知,用将来完成时。根据句意,故填will have learned。 13.A child and a man (walk) on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were walking 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:一个孩子和一个男人在海滩上散步,这时孩子发现了一个贝壳,并把它放在耳边。walk“走”。此处为be doing..when固定句型,意为“正在做……这时”,由found可知,事情发生在过去,主语A child and a man为复数,be动词用were。故填were walking。 14.I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would deliver 【详解】考查时态。句意:我不敢肯定邮递员是否会准时给我送来包裹。“wasn’t sure whether...” 表示“不确定是否……”,这里whether引导宾语从句,主句时态是一般过去时,结合“主过从过”的原则,从句的时态可以使用过去将来时 would deliver,表示“邮递员是否会按时给我送包裹”。故填would deliver。 15.People (bring) their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been bringing 【详解】考查时态。句意:人们一直带着孩子来看母鸡,居民们也来坐在外面看。bring谓语动词,表示此动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去,强调动作的延续性,用现在完成进行时,主语是复数,助动词使用have。故填have been bringing。 16.The young man (use) the computer since he was a kid. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been using/has used 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个年轻人从小就一直在用电脑。根据时间状语“since he was a kid”可知,此处可用现在完成进行时,表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去;也可用现在完成时;主语man是名词单数,助动词用has,故填has been using/has used。 17.Now they are sitting in their classroom and listening to a tape. This time tomorrow they (sit) in the cinema. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be sitting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:现在他们正坐在教室里听磁带。明天这个时候他们将坐在电影院里。根据句意以及句子的时间状语This time tomorrow可知,此处动词应为将来进行时,表示将来某一时间点正在做的事情,和上一句Now they are sitting…现在进行时形成对比。故填will be sitting。 18.Don’t you think it is likely that the scientists (discover)a cure for cancer by the year 2040? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have discovered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:你不认为到2040年科学家们可能已经发现了治疗癌症的方法吗?空处应填谓语动词,介词by与将来的时间点连用时谓语动词应用将来完成时,由句意及时间状语 by the year 2040可知应用will have discovered。故填will have discovered。 19.You needn’t hurry her. She (finish)it by the time you are ready. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have finished 【详解】考查时态。句意:你不必催她,等你准备好的时候,她将已经把它完成。句子结构分析可知设空处在句中作谓语动词,根据句意以及句中的“by the time you are ready”可知本句应用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成,所以填will have finished。故填will have finished。 20.We are late. I expect the film (start)by the time we get to the cinema.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have started 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我们迟到了。我想我们到电影院的时候电影已经开始了。根据从句中有by the time,主句要用完成时形式。此外从句中时态是现在时,后面的动作是我们所期望发生的事,也就是还没发生,所以用将来完成时。故填will have started。 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 完成句子 1.我选了一家广东餐馆,这家的食物放在了美丽的瓷盘里。 I a Cantonese restaurant that served food on beautiful plates. 【答案】 selected china 【详解】考查动词和形容词。“选”使用动词select,根据句中served可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式selected,“瓷质的”使用形容词china,作定语修饰名词plates。故填① selected,②china。 2.我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐,这时水就开始涌进我的家里来。 I was breakfast with my three children water started filling my home. 【答案】 having when 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意,表示“正在做某事,这时别的事情发生了”应为固定句型“be doing…when…”,表示吃三餐中的“吃”应为have,且表示正在进行,所以此处使用having与was构成过去进行时。故填①having,②when。 3.非常荣幸来到这里与大家分享音乐是如何影响了我的人生的。 and to share with you the story of how music my life. 【答案】 It is an honour to be here has had an impact on 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。第一空表示“非常荣幸”句型为It is an honour to do sth.;表示“来到这里”用be here;第二空表示“影响”短语为have an impact on,此处为现在完成时,主语为the story of how music,助动词用has。故填①It is an honour to be here;②has had an impact on。 4.Who do you think will this company after his father retires? 你认为他父亲退休谁会掌管这家公司? 【答案】take charge of 【详解】考查动词短语。“掌管”take charge of,will后接动词原形形式,构成一般将来时,符合题意。故填take charge of。 5.你没有紧扣眼前所发生的事,而是只提出了一些过去的类似事例。 Instead of staying in the here and now, you’ve just similar instances from the past. 【答案】 brought up 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“提出”的英语是动词短语bring up;空格处用作句子的谓语部分,根据句意以及空格前的you’ve可知,用现在完成时,此处缺少过去分词。故填brought up。 6.I remember thinking that hold such a note as this… 记得当时我以为我手里永远都不会握有这样一张钞票…… 【答案】never would I 【详解】考查倒装和时态。空处表示“永远都不会”,never为否定副词,意思为:从不,that引导宾语从句,从句中never放在开头,后面要进行部分倒装,表示“将”用would,表示过去将来,提到主语I之前。故填never would I。 7.明天下午两点不要来看我,那时我将在做化学实验。 Don’t call on me at 2 tomorrow afternoon because I a chemical experiment then. 【答案】will be doing 【详解】考查时态。根据汉语可知,空处表示“将在做”,再结合时间状语at 2 tomorrow afternoon可知,此处表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行,时态应用将来进行时,空处应用will be doing的形式,“做化学实验”的“做”可表达为动词do。故填will be doing。 8.等交通畅通时,我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 【答案】 run out 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文句意可知,空处需表示“用完”之意,run out of用完,动词短语,符合题意;由英语题干可知,空处谓语动词使用了将来完成时态:will have done,所以空处动词需用过去分词run。故填run。 9.中国人民一直渴望探索太空,希望能更多地了解宇宙。 The Chinese people finding out more about the universe. 【答案】have been desiring to explore the space in the hope of 【详解】考查现在完成进行时、动词、不定式和介词短语。表示“渴望”应用动词desire,作谓语,由句意此处应用现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始的某个动作一直持续到现在并且还将继续持续下去且主语The Chinese people为复数,表示“探索太空”应用动词短语explore the space,此处应用不定式形式,作desire的宾语,表示“希望”应用介词短语in the hope of,作状语。故答案为have been desiring to explore the space in the hope of。 10.在这个地区雨已经下了两个多小时了。 It for more than two hours in this region. 【答案】has been raining 【详解】考查时态。根据汉语提示可知,本句为现在完成进行时(have/has been doing ),表示过去动词持续到现在,还可能持续下去,主语单数,谓语单数。故填has been raining。 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 一、语法填空 1.The company (develop) new and innovative products since last year, hoping to gain a competitive edge in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been developing/has developed 【详解】考查时态。句意:自去年以来,该公司一直在开发新颖且具有创新性的产品,希望能在市场上获得竞争优势。空处为句子谓语,表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去,且根据时间状语“since last year”可知,应用现在完成进行时。另外,此处也可以表示动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在,表示动作没有结束,用现在完成时态也可以。故填①has been developing;②has developed。 2.Although they for hours, neither side has been willing to give in, leading to a pause. (argue) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been arguing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:尽管他们争论了好几个小时,但双方都不愿意让步,这导致了暂停。根据时间状语“for hours”可知,句子应用现在完成进行时,强调从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作,并将持续下去,且主语they和动词argue之间为主动关系,所以空格处应用have/has been+现在分词结构,主语为they,助动词应用have。故填have been arguing。 3.They (investigate) the traffic accident for two days and will soon write a report about it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have investigated/have been investigating 【详解】考查时态。句意:他们已经调查这起交通事故两天了,很快就会写一份报告。根据句中的时间状语for two days可知,“调查”这一动作从过去一直延续到现在,还将继续下去,这里可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时。故填have investigated/have been investigating。 4.Marty (work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been working 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:马蒂一直在努力写他的书,他认为他会在星期五之前完成。此处应为谓语动词,根据句意以及下文中的“he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.”可知,Marty应该是在过去开始写书,一直写到现在,并将在星期五完成,所以此处使用现在完成进行时,且与句子主语Marty之间为主动关系,且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been working。 5.By the time I graduate from high school, I (study) English for six years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have studied 【详解】考查时态。句意:到我高中毕业时,我将学习英语六年。分析句子可知,“By the time I graduate from high school”(到我高中毕业的时候)表示将来的某个时间点,“学习英语” 这个动作从现在开始一直持续到那个将来时间点,要用将来完成时,其结构为 “will + have + 过去分词”。故填 will have studied。 6.Hurry up! By the time we get to the assembly hall, the meeting (start). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have started 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:快点!等我们到达集会大厅的时候,会议可能已经开始了。由时间状语By the time we get to the assembly hall可知,描述将来发生的动作, 表达在将来某个具体时间点(我们到达集会大厅的时候),某个动作(会议开始)已经完成,用将来完成时,故填will have start。 7.By the end of the run, all my stress (disappear) and I’m ready to face the next day at work!(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has disappeared 【详解】考查时态。句意:跑步结束时,我所有的压力都消失了,我已经准备好面对第二天的工作!分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据“By the end of the run”以及“I’m ready to face the next day at work”,该动作发生在过去,并对现在造成了影响,所以用现在完成时态,主语为不可数名词。故填has disappeared。 8.At ten o'clock tomorrow, she (work) in her office. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be working 【详解】考查时态。明天十点,她将会在办公室工作。表示将来的某个时间点正进行的动作,用将来进行时,故填will be working。 9.I (pick) up my boss at three this afternoon. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】shall be picking 【详解】考查时态。句意:今天下午三点我要去接老板。根据时间状语“at three this afternoon”可知,此处表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行,应用将来进行时,且“接老板”这一行为属于工作内容,带有承诺或命令的意味,空处应用shall be doing的形式。故填shall be picking。 10.An old hand at photography, Tim (shoot) wildlife as a hobby for the last 13 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been shooting 【详解】考查时态。句意:作为摄影界的老手,Tim在过去的13年里一直将拍摄野生动物作为爱好。shoot“拍摄”。本空作谓语,根据时间状语“for the last 13 years”可知,句子描述从过去开始一直持续到现在,并将继续持续下去的动作,时态应用现在完成进行时,主语Tim是第三人称单数,助动词应用has。故填has been shooting。 二、完成句子 11.得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。(load) Knowing that they had arrived safely . 【答案】took a load off my mind 【详解】考查固定搭配和动词时态。表示“我如释重负”应用固定搭配take a load off my mind,陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时。故填took a load off my mind。 12.So far, I (已经用完所有钱 ). I have no choice but to borrow some from relatives. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】have spent all my money 【详解】考查现在完成时态和固定短语。句意:到目前为止,我已经用完了所有的钱。我别无选择只能向亲戚们借钱。spend all my money是一个固定短语,表示“已经用完所有的钱”。根据时间状语so far可知,本句需要使用现在完成时,其中注意spend的过去分词是spent。故填have spent all my money。 13.在这个地区雨已经下了两个多小时了。 It for more than two hours in this region. 【答案】has been raining 【详解】考查时态。根据汉语提示可知,本句为现在完成进行时(have/has been doing ),表示过去动词持续到现在,还可能持续下去,主语单数,谓语单数。故填has been raining。 14.明天下午两点不要来看我,那时我将在做化学实验。 Don’t call on me at 2 tomorrow afternoon because I a chemical experiment then. 【答案】will be doing 【详解】考查时态。根据汉语可知,空处表示“将在做”,再结合时间状语at 2 tomorrow afternoon可知,此处表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行,时态应用将来进行时,空处应用will be doing的形式,“做化学实验”的“做”可表达为动词do。故填will be doing。 15.等交通畅通时,我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 【答案】 run out 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文句意可知,空处需表示“用完”之意,run out of用完,动词短语,符合题意;由英语题干可知,空处谓语动词使用了将来完成时态:will have done,所以空处动词需用过去分词run。故填run。 链接高考(测试时间:15分钟) (时态语态) 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构,此句为there be句型,主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句,空格处为从句的谓语动词,此处意为!“被人们所知道”,be known for意为“因……而出名”,而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境,这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies",表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构,主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明,判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分,再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构,而且“be available to”表示“可用于……,……可利用或得到的”,Advisers是复数,故填入are/will be/ have been。句意:通常,每家公司都有三名顾问,一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 【解析】23.is known 考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义,此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...),根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的,文章的时态为一般现在时,而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句,空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 【解析】24.develops 考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur,该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列,时态还是一般现在时,故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求,发展出了一个商业想法,然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词,惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多,很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops。 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 【解析】考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词,结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时,故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过,我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题02 动词时态(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期上海通用
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专题02 动词时态(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期上海通用
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专题02 动词时态(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期上海通用
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