热点08 跨学科融合阅读（化学+经济+物理+地理+生物）（时文阅读+重难词汇+长难句精析）2027年中考英语热点时文阅读

热点08 跨学科融合阅读（化学+经济+物理+地理+生物+心理） 1 英语+化学 大象牙膏：奇妙的化学实验 2 英语+经济 披萨背后的秘密 —— 边际效用递减 3 英语+物理/地理 三峡大坝：伟大的中国工程奇迹 4 英语+生物 牛：意想不到的蝴蝶守护者 5 英语+物理 彩虹：光的科学奥秘 6 英语+数学/心理 空间思维：锻炼你的内心 “视觉” 7 英语+物理 光伏道路：可以发电的马路 ( 0 1 英语+化学 ) 1．What are you supposed to do after adding three food colors? A．Watch the rise of the foam. B．Stir hydrogen peroxide with a fork. C．Mix yeast with warm water. D．Pour more dish soap into the bottle. 2．Which of the following shows the correct chemical reaction (反应) in this experiment? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is the experiment called “Elephant Toothpaste?” A．Because of the size of the foam. B．Because of the smell of the foam. C．Because of the taste of the foam. D．Because of the speed of the foam. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要以“大象牙膏”实验为载体，介绍了化学实验的步骤、原理及相关安全知识。 【详解】1．根据图片中“What to do”的第2、3步“Add food coloring. Use 3 different colors. Stir yeast into warm water. Pour it into the bottle.”可知，添加三种食用色素后，你应该将酵母与温水混合。 2．图片中“How it works”部分的文字说明“H₂O₂ breaks down into water and oxygen (O₂). Yeast makes this happen fast.”可知，过氧化氢分解为水和氧气，酵母加速该反应，选项A显示了本实验中正确的化学反应。 3．根据图片中“How it works”部分的“Yeast makes this happen fast. The soap traps the oxygen bubbles. This makes a big tower of foam.”可知，实验图示中泡沫呈现“巨大的塔状”形态，结合实验原理“洗洁精包裹大量氧气气泡，形成高大的泡沫柱”，其泡沫的体积和高度与大象牙膏的形态特征高度契合，因此实验名称源于泡沫的尺寸。 重难词汇: 1. classic /ˈklæsɪk/adj. 经典的 2. crowd /kraʊd/n. 人群，观众 3. yeast /jiːst/n. 酵母；酵母菌 4. stir /stɜː(r)/v. 搅拌；搅动 5. oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/n. 氧气 6. trap /træp/v. 使留存；困住 长难句精析： 1. A classic chemistry experiment that always wows the crowd. 翻译：一个总能让观众惊叹的经典化学实验。 句子分析：核心名词短语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词experiment；that在从句内部作主语，指代 experiment。 2. The soap traps the oxygen bubbles. 翻译：洗洁精将氧气气泡锁住。 分析：主谓宾结构简单句。主语 the soap；谓语 traps；宾语 the oxygen bubbles。 ( 02 英语+经济 ) ①Imagine you are very hungry. You buy a whole pizza. The first slice tastes amazing. The second is still great. By the third, you start to feel full. The fourth? You might not even want it. This isn’t just about your stomach. It is a key economic(经济的) idea called the law of diminishing marginal utility. ②In economics, “utility” means the satisfaction you get from consuming something. Marginal utility is the extra satisfaction from one more unit. This law says that as you consume more of something, the extra satisfaction from each additional unit drops. ③This law explains many real-life decisions. Why do you stop after three slices of pizza or buy fewer of the same thing over time? Because the joy of more keeps getting smaller. ④Smart companies use this law to their own advantage by selling more at a low cost. That’s why cinemas sell popcorn in small, medium, and large sizes. The large size costs only a little more than the medium, but the extra popcorn gives you very little extra happiness. ▲ ⑤Another trick is bundling, selling different products together as a package. For example, a fast-food meal includes a burger, fries, and a drink. You may not really want the fries, but together, they feel satisfying and you think you are paying less for more. By bundling, the restaurant sells you things with lower marginal utility and still makes a profit (盈利) ⑥So whether it’s pizza, popcorn, or a deal that seems too good to turn down, just remember: the first bite is happiness, The rest is economics. 1．Which of the following shows the law of diminishing marginal utility? A． B． C． D． 2．Which of the following sentences can be put into ▲ ? A．Interestingly, lots of people prefer the small size popcorn. B．However, you still buy it because it feels like a good deal. C．In fact, you might feel quite sick if you eat too much of it. D．As a result, movie theaters sell less popcorn on weekends. 3．Which of the following ads best shows the use of “bundling” described in ⑤? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To suggest the idea of getting the most happiness with the largest size. B．To find the best sales methods for businesses by comparing the prices. C．To explain an economic idea and how businesses make money with it D．To show why readers should stop themselves from eating much pizza. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了经济学中的“边际效用递减规律”，并解释了商家如何利用这一规律设计销售策略。 1．原文第②段提到“This law says that as you consume more of something, the extra satisfaction from each additional unit drops”，说明随着消费次数增加，额外满足感会逐渐下降。 2．原文第④段提到“That’s why cinemas sell popcorn in small, medium, and large sizes. The large size costs only a little more than the medium, but the extra popcorn gives you very little extra happiness”，选项B“However, you still buy it because it feels like a good deal”能承接上文，说明消费者仍会购买的原因。 3．原文第⑤段提到“Another trick is bundling, selling different products together as a package. For example, a fast-food meal includes a burger, fries, and a drink”，说明bundling是将不同产品打包销售。 4．全文先通过披萨的例子引出“边际效用递减规律”，再解释该概念的定义，最后说明商家如何利用这一规律设计销售策略，因此文章的主要目的是解释这一经济理念及其商业应用。 重难词汇: 1. consume /kənˈsjuːm/v. 消费；食用，消耗 2. marginal /ˈmɑːdʒɪnl/adj. 边际的 3. utility /juːˈtɪləti/n. 效用，实用价值 4. additional /əˈdɪʃənl/adj. 额外的，附加的 5. bundle /ˈbʌndl/v. 捆绑销售；n. 捆绑组合 6. profit /ˈprɒfɪt/n. 利润，盈利 长难句精析： 1. This law says that as you consume more of something, the extra satisfaction from each additional unit drops. 翻译：这条定律表明，当你消费某样东西的数量变多时，每多获得一单位该物品所带来的额外满足感就会下降。 分析：主句This law says + that引导宾语从句；宾语从句内部包含as引导时间状语从句；from each additional unit介词短语作后置定语修饰 satisfaction。 2. So whether it’s pizza, popcorn, or a deal that seems too good to turn down, just remember: the first bite is happiness. The rest is economics. 翻译：所以，不管是披萨、爆米花，还是一笔好到难以拒绝的交易，请记住：第一口是快乐，剩下的都是经济学。 分析：whether…or…引导让步状语；that seems too good to turn down定语从句修饰先行词 a deal；主句是祈使句just remember。 ( 03 英语+地理/物理 ) The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. The Yangtze River, China’s longest river, often caused serious floods, in the past, bringing disasters to millions of people. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. People began to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They moved mountains, changed the river’s path (路径) to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high, as tall as a 60-story building! Today, the dam plays a key role in China. It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system (连通器系统) helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock (水闸), and gates close. The water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section (区域). When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam. It’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder. Students learn about its scientific achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with determination (决心), humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．The Yangtze River. B．The Xiling Gorge. C．The Three Gorges Dam. D．The engineering project. 2．What are the uses of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage? ①Controlling floods                        ②Producing clean energy ③Creating new tourist places                    ④Improving ship transportation (运输) A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．What principle (原理) allows ships to pass through the dam’s gates smoothly? A． B． C． D． 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To list the dam’s benefits (好处) to society. B．To describe challenges in building the dam. C．To explain why Chinese people built the dam. D．To speak highly of Chinese people’s wisdom and creativity. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕三峡大坝展开介绍，涵盖其地理位置与地位、修建原因、建造过程、功能作用，点明三峡大坝是中国人民勇气与创造力的象征，展现了中国人民的智慧与奋斗精神。 【详解】1．第一段明确指出：“The Three Gorges Dam, lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge”，说明画线代词It指代前文的核心说明对象三峡大坝。 2．第二段明确指出：“To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam”以及第四段指出：“It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories. Its connected vessel system helps ships pass”，说明三峡大坝具备防洪、生产清洁能源、改善船舶运输的用途，对应序号①②④。 3．第四段明确指出：“Its connected vessel system helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock, and gates close. The water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock”，说明船闸利用连通器原理工作，即上端开口、底部相连通的容器，液体静止时液面保持相平，对应选项C的U型连通器原理图。 4．根据各段内容可知，第一段总起，引出三峡大坝并介绍其基本地位；第二至四段分别从修建原因、建造过程、功能作用三个方面具体介绍三峡大坝；第五段总结全文，升华主旨，点明三峡大坝的象征意义。全文为总-分-总结构，对应选项C的结构图示。 5．第一段指出：“showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people”以及第五段指出：“The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam, it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity”，说明作者写作本文的核心目的是高度赞扬中国人民的智慧与创造力，传递对三峡大坝及建设者的肯定态度。 重难词汇: 1. engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/n. 工程；工程学 2. complete /kəmˈpliːt/v. 完成，竣工；adj. 完整的 3. determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/n. 决心，坚定 长难句精析： 1. The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. 翻译：坐落于湖北省长江之上的三峡大坝，是世界上规模最大、最令人惊叹的工程之一。 分析：主句：The Three Gorges Dam is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world；lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰主语 The Three Gorges Dam。 2. They moved mountains, changed the river’s path to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high, as tall as a 60story building! 翻译：建设者移山改道修建大坝，大坝全长约 2.3 千米，高 185 米，相当于一栋 60 层楼房的高度！ 分析：主句主语 They，并列谓语moved、changed；to build the dam不定式表目的；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the dam；as tall as a 60story building作比较状语。 ( 04 英语+生物 ) ① For a long time, sheep have been the main animals used for grazing (放牧) in the UK. However, a new study found that changing sheep into cattle (牛) can increase butterfly numbers. How did cattle suddenly become a “savior” for the butterflies? ② The study turned a 1,200-hectare area from sheep grazing into cattle grazing. After 18 years, the area had 4.9 times more butterflies than before. Sheep use their small mouths to pick out the plants they like, often biting away the wildflowers that butterflies depend on. Cattle, on the other hand, wrap (裹) their tongues around taller plants and pull them out. This helps to clear areas of grass, giving wildflowers more room and light to grow. ③ A volunteer project has also shown that cattle play an important role in butterfly protection in the UK, but in a different way. ④The high brown fritillary butterfly, one of the rarest British butterflies, is the pickiest (最挑剔的) about its living environment. Paul Dunn, who started the project to help this kind of butterfly grow again, told the BBC． For three years, Dunn and other volunteers have encouraged locals to graze cows in the areas where the butterflies live in the Alun Valley. Surprisingly, the number of the butterflies is now on the rise. ⑤ This is because when cattle walk on bracken (蕨类植物), they create uneven (不平整的) ground. These bumpy areas form small, warm spots where caterpillars can grow well. What’s more, cattle help control the amount of bracken, preventing it from overgrowing. Too much bracken can make it difficult for the caterpillars’ important food, the dog violet, to grow. 1．What might the underlined word “savior” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Enemy. B．Helper. C．Neighbor. D．Owner. 2．Which animal’s eating habit helps butterflies according to Paragraph 2? A． B． C． D． 3．How do cattle benefit butterflies in both cases? A．They offer more food for butterflies. B．They change the soil in butterflies’ living areas. C．They help protect caterpillars from other animals. D．They improve growing conditions for certain plants. 4．Which of the following shows how the passage is organized? A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②/③/④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①/②③④⑤ 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了英国一项研究发现，将放牧的羊换成牛可以增加蝴蝶数量，并解释了牛在不同方式下对蝴蝶保护的积极作用。 【详解】1．文章第①段最后一句“How did cattle suddenly become a ‘savior’ for the butterflies?”指出，牛突然成为了蝴蝶的“救星”。结合第②段内容，牛通过吃草为野花腾出生长空间，从而帮助蝴蝶数量增加，因此savior意为“救星、拯救者”。选项B正确。 2．文章第②段第三句“Sheep use their small mouths to pick out the plants they like, often biting away the wildflowers that butterflies depend on.”指出，羊会用小嘴挑食，咬掉蝴蝶赖以生存的野花。第②段第四、五句“Cattle, on the other hand, wrap their tongues around taller plants and pull them out. This helps to clear areas of grass, giving wildflowers more room and light to grow.”指出，牛用舌头卷住较高的植物拔出来，为野花腾出空间和光照。因此是牛的进食习惯帮助了蝴蝶。B选项图为牛用舌头卷植物，符合原文描述。 3．文章第②段指出牛通过清除较高的草，为野花提供更多生长空间和光照；第⑤段指出牛踩踏蕨类植物形成不平整地面，为毛毛虫提供温暖的小环境，同时控制蕨类植物数量，防止其过度生长影响毛毛虫的食物（狗紫罗兰）生长。两种情况都是牛改善了某些植物的生长条件，从而有利于蝴蝶和毛毛虫。 4．文章第①段提出问题：牛如何成为蝴蝶的“救星”；第②段介绍一项研究，说明牛通过吃草帮助蝴蝶；第③段引出另一个志愿者项目；第④⑤段介绍该项目中牛以不同方式帮助珍稀蝴蝶。因此结构为：①总起，②一个方面，③④⑤另一个方面。对应A选项①/②/③④⑤。 重难词汇: 1. grazing /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/n. 放牧；吃草（graze v. 放牧） 2. savior /ˈseɪvjə(r)/n. 拯救者，救星 3. rare /reə(r)/adj. 稀有的，罕见的 4. uneven /ʌnˈiːvn/adj. 不平坦的，凹凸的 5. caterpillar /ˈkætəpɪlə(r)/n. 毛毛虫（蝴蝶幼虫） 6. prevent /prɪˈvent/v. 阻止，防止 长难句精析： 1. Sheep use their small mouths to pick out the plants they like, often biting away the wildflowers that butterflies depend on. 翻译：绵羊用小嘴挑取爱吃的植物，常常啃掉蝴蝶赖以生存的野花。 分析：主句 Sheep use their small mouths to pick out the plants they like；they like是省略关系代词的定语从句修饰 plants；often biting away...现在分词作伴随状语；that butterflies depend on 定语从句修饰 wildflowers。 2. This is because when cattle walk on bracken, they create uneven ground. These bumpy areas form small, warm spots where caterpillars can grow well. 翻译：这是因为牛踩在蕨类植物上时，会踩出凹凸不平的地面。这些坑洼地带形成温暖的小区域，毛毛虫可以在里面良好生长。 分析：because引导表语从句；表语从句内含when引导时间状语从句；where caterpillars can grow well是定语从句，修饰先行词 spots。 ( 05 英语+物理 ) Rainbows are created by light shining through water or clear objects. In nature, rainbows usually appear where rain and sunlight meet. Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light. Science, though, has unlocked their mysteries. Where and When Rainbows Appear Notice the weather the next time you see a rainbow. There will be rain or mist (薄雾) in front of you, and the Sun will be shining from behind you. The rainbow will appear in the rain or mist. Water in the air and direct light are the two things needed to see a rainbow in nature. A rainbow won’t appear if the sky is too cloudy. The best time to see a rainbow is usually in the morning or late afternoon. That’s when the Sun is in the best place to create one. If you’re lucky, you might see a double or even a triple rainbow. You can sometimes see rainbows in the mist of a waterfall too. A fountain (喷泉) can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler (洒水器) on a sunny day may put on a colourful show. Rainbows can even form under a bright moon. These special rainbows are called moonbows. To a viewer, a rainbow looks like a half circle. However, a rainbow actually forms a full circle. From the ground, most times we can only see a rainbow’s top half. Sometimes though, lucky airline pilots may see a rainbow’s complete circle from the sky. How Rainbows Form René Descartes was a French scientist. He was born over four hundred years ago. He was attracted by rainbows and wanted to learn more about them. He used sunlight and a big ball filled with water to do experiments. Descartes discovered that to see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the correct angle (角度). To understand rainbows, it helps to understand how light travels. Light moves at different speeds through different mediums (介质). Think of running on land. Then imagine running in knee-deep water. You move slower through water. In the same way, light moves faster through air than through water. This happens because water is thicker than air. When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path (路线). This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water seem to bend (弯曲). We can see rainbows in nature when direct light meets drops of rain. Sunlight refracts (折射) as it enters each drop. The light then reflects, or bounces, off the inside of each drop, like light off a mirror. The light refracts again as it exits the drop. Light refracts and reflects in millions of water droplets in the sky at the same time. This process makes all the colours of a rainbow. 1．Which sentence below can best explain the underlined sentence “Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light.” in Paragraph 1? A．Rainbows are tricks made by many scientists. B．Someone lied to us about the truth of rainbows. C．Rainbows are made by some unknown magic tricks. D．The light plays tricks on people’s eyes and makes rainbows. 2．In which of the following situations CAN’T a rainbow form? A．Over a sprinkler on a very cloudy day. B．On a misty morning. C．Over a fountain under a bright moon. D．In the mist of a waterfall. 3．Which could be the best picture for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6? A． B． C． D． 4．Which statement below is TRUE according to the article? A．A rainbow is only a half circle and can never form a full circle. B．You need to stand at a correct angle to see a rainbow. C．Light can actually make a pencil bend in water. D．Light moves faster in thicker mediums like water. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要解释了彩虹是如何形成的,以及在什么条件下可以看到彩虹。 【详解】1．根据“Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light.”可知，“彩虹是光的美丽把戏”,这句话的意思是光通过折射、反射等作用让我们看到彩虹,就好像在跟我们的眼睛玩把戏一样。因此D选项“光对人的眼睛玩把戏,从而形成彩虹”是最能解释这句话的。 2．根据“A fountain can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler on a sunny day may put on a colourful show.”及“A rainbow won’t appear if the sky is too cloudy.”可知, 洒水器在天气晴朗时可以形成彩虹, 在多云天气不能形成彩虹。 3．根据“When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path. This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water seem to bend.”可知,当光进入水中时,它的速度会减慢,并且会改变其原本的传播路径。这一过程使得诸如放在水杯里的铅笔之类的物体看起来好像发生了弯曲。这里描述了光的折射现象,选项D显示了这个现象。 4．根据“Descartes discovered that to see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the correct angle.”可知, 观看者要在正确的角度才能看到彩虹。选项B“你需要站在正确的角度才能看到彩虹。”表述正确。 重难词汇: 1. mist /mɪst/n. 薄雾，雾气 2. sprinkler /ˈsprɪŋklə(r)/n. 洒水器 3. angle /ˈæŋɡl/n. 角度 4. medium /ˈmiːdiəm/n. 介质；媒介（复数 media/mediums） 5. reflect /rɪˈflekt/v. 反射 6. refract /rɪˈfrækt/v. 折射 长难句精析： 1. Light moves at different speeds through different mediums. 翻译：光穿过不同介质时，传播速度各不相同。 分析：简单主谓句；at different speeds 介词短语作方式状语；through different mediums 介词短语作地点状语。本句是物理核心原理句。 2. The light then reflects, or bounces, off the inside of each drop, like light off a mirror. 翻译：随后光线在每一滴水珠的内部发生反射，就像光线照在镜子上反弹回来一样。 ( 06 英语+心理/数学 )分析：主句主语The light，谓语reflects；or bounces作插入解释；like light off a mirror 介词短语作比喻状语。 Do you have to try more than once to fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities require spatial thinking-the ability to see and move objects in your mind. In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important role in many STEM subjects. For example, it is important for learning maths, as we use it to notice and understand the relationships between shapes, spaces, and areas. Another example is the spatial setup of the periodic table (元素周期表),which helps us to understand chemical relationships. The good news is that spatial skills are not set in stone and can be improved. One of the easiest ways to improve these skills is to picture things in your mind. This ability has been linked to better performance in science and math and can be developed through training. Children can practice imagining how to move jigsaw (拼图玩具) pieces in their minds. Small-world play— with dollhouses or toy farm sets, for example, - can help children understand differences in size and space. Experts have also found that using toys like building blocks improves spatial skills. As a final example, children who hear more spatial language may have stronger spatial skills. Words as simple as“in,”“on”and “next to” all count. These words help children understand the spatial relationships between objects. More difficult words include “side by side” and “apart.” Along with hand movements, they can help children learn difficult spatial concepts (概念). 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By asking questions. B．By making lists. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 2．Which of the following pictures shows training in spatial thinking? A． B． C． D． 3．Children can improve their spatial skills by practicing ________ A．finishing math exercises alone B．connecting science with math C．imagining how to move jigsaw pieces D．knowing where farm sets are from 4．Why are hand movements helpful for teaching spatial ideas? A．They help kids forget hard ideas. B．They help kids understand the concepts. C．They help kids learn spatial language. D．They help kids know how to move things. 5．What’s the best title of the text? A．How to Learn Math and Science. B．Improving Your Memory Skills. C．How to Play with Toys Effectively. D．The Importance of Spatial Thinking. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了空间思维的定义，说明了空间能力在STEM学科中的重要作用，同时指出空间技能可通过训练提升，并列举了几种提升空间技能的方法。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“Do you have to try more than once to fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions?”可知，作者通过提出问题的方式引出空间思维的话题。 2．根据文章第三段“Experts have also found that using toys like building blocks improves spatial skills.”可知，积木类玩具能够训练空间思维。选项C的图片是立体方块拼接类的积木游戏，属于空间思维训练活动，符合题意。 3．根据文章第三段“Children can practice imagining how to move jigsaw pieces in their minds.”可知，练习在脑海中想象拼图块的移动可以提升孩子的空间技能。 4．根据文章第四段“Along with hand movements, they can help children learn difficult spatial concepts (概念).”可知，手部动作可以帮助孩子学习难懂的空间概念，即帮助孩子理解这些概念。 5．全文围绕空间思维展开，介绍了空间思维的定义、它在STEM学科中的重要价值，以及提升空间技能的方法，核心围绕空间思维的重要性展开，因此“The Importance of Spatial Thinking”最适合作文章标题。 重难词汇: 1. spatial /ˈspeɪʃl/adj. 空间的；有关空间的 2. periodic /ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪk/adj. 周期的 3. setup /ˈsetʌp/n. 布局；设置，排列 4. performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表现；成绩 5. jigsaw /ˈdʒɪɡsɔː/n. 拼图玩具 6. concept /ˈkɒnsept/n. 概念，观念 长难句精析： 1. All of these everyday activities require spatial thinkingthe ability to see and move objects in your mind.翻译：所有这些日常活动都需要空间思维 —— 即在脑海中想象、移动物体的能力。 分析：主句：All of these everyday activities require spatial thinking；破折号后the ability to see and move objects in your mind作同位语，解释说明 spatial thinking。 2. This ability has been linked to better performance in science and math and can be developed through training. 翻译：这种能力与理科、数学方面更出色的表现相关，并且可以通过训练得到培养。 分析：并列被动句。主语This ability，并列两个谓语：has been linked to 和 can be developed；through training介词短语作方式状语。 ( 07 英语+物理 ) Today, plenty of energy is needed in our daily life, so we have to look for new ways to produce energy. Luckily, Chinese scientists are working on a green-energy project — photovoltaic (光伏) roads. The world’s first test road of this kind appeared in Jinan, Shandong, and it may offer us a new way of producing clean energy on public roads. Photovoltaic roads are special road surfaces with solar panels (太阳能板). Unlike common roads built only for traffic, these new-style roads can be used for another reason. First, cars and buses can run safely on them. Second, they take in sunlight and turn solar energy into electricity. The power they create can light street-lights, supply nearby public buildings or be sent into the city power network. Photovoltaic roads bring several clear advantages. Since roads spread all over cities, engineers do not need huge pieces of extra land to set up solar equipment (设备). Besides, energy from the sun is renewable (可再生的). Once built, a photovoltaic road can produce clean power year after year without burning coal or gas. This helps greatly to cut down pollution. However, this new technology still faces great challenges. The solar panels on roads are easily damaged by heavy traffic. Dust and rainwater may also cover the road surface and reduce power production. Engineers are testing strong protective layers (保护层) to solve these problems. High building costs also slow down its development. It will take much time before photovoltaic roads can be widely used across the country. Many experts hold the view that photovoltaic roads have a bright future. With technology improvements, they may become an important part of China’s green-energy plan. Although we still have a long way to go, this creative idea shows how humans can make full use of public space for a greener world. 1．What is the main purpose of photovoltaic roads according to the passage? A．To reduce traffic accidents on city roads. B．To provide new parking spaces for city cars. C．To carry traffic and create clean solar power. D．To store plenty of digital information for cities. 2．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is TRUE about photovoltaic roads? A．Photovoltaic roads are widely used in many cities now. B．Dust on the surface cannot influence the production of electricity. C．More than one difficulty is slowing the development of photovoltaic roads. D．Engineers have found perfect protective layers to stop panels from being damaged. 3．Which picture can best show the working process of a photovoltaic road? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Photovoltaic roads can avoid power-production losses. B．Lower costs may help photovoltaic roads develop faster. C．Many cities are testing this kind of road all around China. D．Engineers are now testing strong protective layers to solve the problems. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国的绿色能源项目——光伏公路，阐述了光伏公路的功能、优势、发展面临的挑战，以及其未来的发展前景。 【详解】1．第二段中提到“these new-style roads can be used for another reason. First, cars and buses can run safely on them. Second, they take in sunlight and turn solar energy into electricity.”，可知光伏道路的主要用途是承载交通并产生清洁太阳能，选项C正确。 2．第四段中提到“The solar panels on roads are easily damaged by heavy traffic. Dust and rainwater may also cover the road surface and reduce power production... High building costs also slow down its development.”，这说明不止一个困难在减缓光伏道路的发展，选项C正确。A“已广泛使用”与“It will take much time before photovoltaic roads can be widely used”矛盾；B“灰尘不影响发电”与“Dust and rainwater may also cover the road surface and reduce power production”矛盾；D“工程师已找到完美的保护层”与“Engineers are testing strong protective layers”矛盾。 3．第二段中提到“they take in sunlight and turn solar energy into electricity. The power they create can light street-lights, supply nearby public buildings or be sent into the city power network.”，工作流程为阳光→太阳能板→电能→路灯/城市电网/公共建筑，选项A的流程图正确。 4．第四段提到“High building costs also slow down its development.”，可知降低成本可能有助于光伏道路更快发展，选项B正确。A“可以避免发电损失”与文中提到灰尘和雨水会减少发电量矛盾；C“许多城市正在测试”与“world’s first test road... appeared in Jinan”矛盾；D“工程师正在测试保护层”是文中明确陈述的事实，不是推断。 重难词汇: 1. photovoltaic /ˌfəʊtəʊvɒlˈteɪɪk/adj. 光伏的 2. panel /ˈpænl/n. 板；面板 3. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/adj. 可再生的 4. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/v. 损坏，破坏 5. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/n. 层，保护层 6. expert /ˈekspɜːt/n. 专家 长难句精析： 1. Unlike common roads built only for traffic, these new-style roads can be used for another reason. 翻译：不同于只供通行的普通道路，这种新式道路还有另一种用途。 分析：Unlike common roads 介词短语作比较状语；built only for traffic 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 roads；主句为these new-style roads can be used for another reason。 2. Although we still have a long way to go, this creative idea shows how humans can make full use of public space for a greener world. 翻译：尽管我们还有很长的路要走，但这个创意想法展示了人类如何充分利用公共空间，打造更绿色的世界。 句子分析：Although引导让步状语从句；主句this creative idea shows...；how引导宾语从句作 shows 的宾语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点08 跨学科融合阅读（化学+经济+物理+地理+生物+心理） 1 英语+化学 大象牙膏：奇妙的化学实验 2 英语+经济 披萨背后的秘密 —— 边际效用递减 3 英语+物理/地理 三峡大坝：伟大的中国工程奇迹 4 英语+生物 牛：意想不到的蝴蝶守护者 5 英语+物理 彩虹：光的科学奥秘 6 英语+数学/心理 空间思维：锻炼你的内心 “视觉” 7 英语+物理 光伏道路：可以发电的马路 ( 0 1 英语+化学 ) 1．What are you supposed to do after adding three food colors? A．Watch the rise of the foam. B．Stir hydrogen peroxide with a fork. C．Mix yeast with warm water. D．Pour more dish soap into the bottle. 2．Which of the following shows the correct chemical reaction (反应) in this experiment? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is the experiment called “Elephant Toothpaste?” A．Because of the size of the foam. B．Because of the smell of the foam. C．Because of the taste of the foam. D．Because of the speed of the foam. ( 02 英语+经济 ) ①Imagine you are very hungry. You buy a whole pizza. The first slice tastes amazing. The second is still great. By the third, you start to feel full. The fourth? You might not even want it. This isn’t just about your stomach. It is a key economic(经济的) idea called the law of diminishing marginal utility. ②In economics, “utility” means the satisfaction you get from consuming something. Marginal utility is the extra satisfaction from one more unit. This law says that as you consume more of something, the extra satisfaction from each additional unit drops. ③This law explains many real-life decisions. Why do you stop after three slices of pizza or buy fewer of the same thing over time? Because the joy of more keeps getting smaller. ④Smart companies use this law to their own advantage by selling more at a low cost. That’s why cinemas sell popcorn in small, medium, and large sizes. The large size costs only a little more than the medium, but the extra popcorn gives you very little extra happiness. ▲ ⑤Another trick is bundling, selling different products together as a package. For example, a fast-food meal includes a burger, fries, and a drink. You may not really want the fries, but together, they feel satisfying and you think you are paying less for more. By bundling, the restaurant sells you things with lower marginal utility and still makes a profit (盈利) ⑥So whether it’s pizza, popcorn, or a deal that seems too good to turn down, just remember: the first bite is happiness, The rest is economics. 1．Which of the following shows the law of diminishing marginal utility? A． B． C． D． 2．Which of the following sentences can be put into ▲ ? A．Interestingly, lots of people prefer the small size popcorn. B．However, you still buy it because it feels like a good deal. C．In fact, you might feel quite sick if you eat too much of it. D．As a result, movie theaters sell less popcorn on weekends. 3．Which of the following ads best shows the use of “bundling” described in ⑤? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To suggest the idea of getting the most happiness with the largest size. B．To find the best sales methods for businesses by comparing the prices. C．To explain an economic idea and how businesses make money with it D．To show why readers should stop themselves from eating much pizza. ( 03 英语+地理/物理 ) The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. The Yangtze River, China’s longest river, often caused serious floods, in the past, bringing disasters to millions of people. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. People began to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They moved mountains, changed the river’s path (路径) to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high, as tall as a 60-story building! Today, the dam plays a key role in China. It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system (连通器系统) helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock (水闸), and gates close. The water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section (区域). When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam. It’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder. Students learn about its scientific achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with determination (决心), humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．The Yangtze River. B．The Xiling Gorge. C．The Three Gorges Dam. D．The engineering project. 2．What are the uses of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage? ①Controlling floods                        ②Producing clean energy ③Creating new tourist places                    ④Improving ship transportation (运输) A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．What principle (原理) allows ships to pass through the dam’s gates smoothly? A． B． C． D． 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To list the dam’s benefits (好处) to society. B．To describe challenges in building the dam. C．To explain why Chinese people built the dam. D．To speak highly of Chinese people’s wisdom and creativity. ( 04 英语+生物 ) ① For a long time, sheep have been the main animals used for grazing (放牧) in the UK. However, a new study found that changing sheep into cattle (牛) can increase butterfly numbers. How did cattle suddenly become a “savior” for the butterflies? ② The study turned a 1,200-hectare area from sheep grazing into cattle grazing. After 18 years, the area had 4.9 times more butterflies than before. Sheep use their small mouths to pick out the plants they like, often biting away the wildflowers that butterflies depend on. Cattle, on the other hand, wrap (裹) their tongues around taller plants and pull them out. This helps to clear areas of grass, giving wildflowers more room and light to grow. ③ A volunteer project has also shown that cattle play an important role in butterfly protection in the UK, but in a different way. ④The high brown fritillary butterfly, one of the rarest British butterflies, is the pickiest (最挑剔的) about its living environment. Paul Dunn, who started the project to help this kind of butterfly grow again, told the BBC． For three years, Dunn and other volunteers have encouraged locals to graze cows in the areas where the butterflies live in the Alun Valley. Surprisingly, the number of the butterflies is now on the rise. ⑤ This is because when cattle walk on bracken (蕨类植物), they create uneven (不平整的) ground. These bumpy areas form small, warm spots where caterpillars can grow well. What’s more, cattle help control the amount of bracken, preventing it from overgrowing. Too much bracken can make it difficult for the caterpillars’ important food, the dog violet, to grow. 1．What might the underlined word “savior” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Enemy. B．Helper. C．Neighbor. D．Owner. 2．Which animal’s eating habit helps butterflies according to Paragraph 2? A． B． C． D． 3．How do cattle benefit butterflies in both cases? A．They offer more food for butterflies. B．They change the soil in butterflies’ living areas. C．They help protect caterpillars from other animals. D．They improve growing conditions for certain plants. 4．Which of the following shows how the passage is organized? A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②/③/④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①/②③④⑤ ( 05 英语+物理 ) Rainbows are created by light shining through water or clear objects. In nature, rainbows usually appear where rain and sunlight meet. Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light. Science, though, has unlocked their mysteries. Where and When Rainbows Appear Notice the weather the next time you see a rainbow. There will be rain or mist (薄雾) in front of you, and the Sun will be shining from behind you. The rainbow will appear in the rain or mist. Water in the air and direct light are the two things needed to see a rainbow in nature. A rainbow won’t appear if the sky is too cloudy. The best time to see a rainbow is usually in the morning or late afternoon. That’s when the Sun is in the best place to create one. If you’re lucky, you might see a double or even a triple rainbow. You can sometimes see rainbows in the mist of a waterfall too. A fountain (喷泉) can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler (洒水器) on a sunny day may put on a colourful show. Rainbows can even form under a bright moon. These special rainbows are called moonbows. To a viewer, a rainbow looks like a half circle. However, a rainbow actually forms a full circle. From the ground, most times we can only see a rainbow’s top half. Sometimes though, lucky airline pilots may see a rainbow’s complete circle from the sky. How Rainbows Form René Descartes was a French scientist. He was born over four hundred years ago. He was attracted by rainbows and wanted to learn more about them. He used sunlight and a big ball filled with water to do experiments. Descartes discovered that to see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the correct angle (角度). To understand rainbows, it helps to understand how light travels. Light moves at different speeds through different mediums (介质). Think of running on land. Then imagine running in knee-deep water. You move slower through water. In the same way, light moves faster through air than through water. This happens because water is thicker than air. When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path (路线). This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water seem to bend (弯曲). We can see rainbows in nature when direct light meets drops of rain. Sunlight refracts (折射) as it enters each drop. The light then reflects, or bounces, off the inside of each drop, like light off a mirror. The light refracts again as it exits the drop. Light refracts and reflects in millions of water droplets in the sky at the same time. This process makes all the colours of a rainbow. 1．Which sentence below can best explain the underlined sentence “Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light.” in Paragraph 1? A．Rainbows are tricks made by many scientists. B．Someone lied to us about the truth of rainbows. C．Rainbows are made by some unknown magic tricks. D．The light plays tricks on people’s eyes and makes rainbows. 2．In which of the following situations CAN’T a rainbow form? A．Over a sprinkler on a very cloudy day. B．On a misty morning. C．Over a fountain under a bright moon. D．In the mist of a waterfall. 3．Which could be the best picture for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6? A． B． C． D． 4．Which statement below is TRUE according to the article? A．A rainbow is only a half circle and can never form a full circle. B．You need to stand at a correct angle to see a rainbow. C．Light can actually make a pencil bend in water. D．Light moves faster in thicker mediums like water. ( 06 英语+心理/数学 ) Do you have to try more than once to fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities require spatial thinking-the ability to see and move objects in your mind. In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important role in many STEM subjects. For example, it is important for learning maths, as we use it to notice and understand the relationships between shapes, spaces, and areas. Another example is the spatial setup of the periodic table (元素周期表),which helps us to understand chemical relationships. The good news is that spatial skills are not set in stone and can be improved. One of the easiest ways to improve these skills is to picture things in your mind. This ability has been linked to better performance in science and math and can be developed through training. Children can practice imagining how to move jigsaw (拼图玩具) pieces in their minds. Small-world play— with dollhouses or toy farm sets, for example, - can help children understand differences in size and space. Experts have also found that using toys like building blocks improves spatial skills. As a final example, children who hear more spatial language may have stronger spatial skills. Words as simple as“in,”“on”and “next to” all count. These words help children understand the spatial relationships between objects. More difficult words include “side by side” and “apart.” Along with hand movements, they can help children learn difficult spatial concepts (概念). 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By asking questions. B．By making lists. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 2．Which of the following pictures shows training in spatial thinking? A． B． C． D． 3．Children can improve their spatial skills by practicing ________ A．finishing math exercises alone B．connecting science with math C．imagining how to move jigsaw pieces D．knowing where farm sets are from 4．Why are hand movements helpful for teaching spatial ideas? A．They help kids forget hard ideas. B．They help kids understand the concepts. C．They help kids learn spatial language. D．They help kids know how to move things. 5．What’s the best title of the text? A．How to Learn Math and Science. B．Improving Your Memory Skills. C．How to Play with Toys Effectively. D．The Importance of Spatial Thinking. ( 07 英语+物理 ) Today, plenty of energy is needed in our daily life, so we have to look for new ways to produce energy. Luckily, Chinese scientists are working on a green-energy project — photovoltaic (光伏) roads. The world’s first test road of this kind appeared in Jinan, Shandong, and it may offer us a new way of producing clean energy on public roads. Photovoltaic roads are special road surfaces with solar panels (太阳能板). Unlike common roads built only for traffic, these new-style roads can be used for another reason. First, cars and buses can run safely on them. Second, they take in sunlight and turn solar energy into electricity. The power they create can light street-lights, supply nearby public buildings or be sent into the city power network. Photovoltaic roads bring several clear advantages. Since roads spread all over cities, engineers do not need huge pieces of extra land to set up solar equipment (设备). Besides, energy from the sun is renewable (可再生的). Once built, a photovoltaic road can produce clean power year after year without burning coal or gas. This helps greatly to cut down pollution. However, this new technology still faces great challenges. The solar panels on roads are easily damaged by heavy traffic. Dust and rainwater may also cover the road surface and reduce power production. Engineers are testing strong protective layers (保护层) to solve these problems. High building costs also slow down its development. It will take much time before photovoltaic roads can be widely used across the country. Many experts hold the view that photovoltaic roads have a bright future. With technology improvements, they may become an important part of China’s green-energy plan. Although we still have a long way to go, this creative idea shows how humans can make full use of public space for a greener world. 1．What is the main purpose of photovoltaic roads according to the passage? A．To reduce traffic accidents on city roads. B．To provide new parking spaces for city cars. C．To carry traffic and create clean solar power. D．To store plenty of digital information for cities. 2．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is TRUE about photovoltaic roads? A．Photovoltaic roads are widely used in many cities now. B．Dust on the surface cannot influence the production of electricity. C．More than one difficulty is slowing the development of photovoltaic roads. D．Engineers have found perfect protective layers to stop panels from being damaged. 3．Which picture can best show the working process of a photovoltaic road? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Photovoltaic roads can avoid power-production losses. B．Lower costs may help photovoltaic roads develop faster. C．Many cities are testing this kind of road all around China. D．Engineers are now testing strong protective layers to solve the problems. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $