学易金卷：高二英语上学期期中模拟卷【测试范围：选择性必修第一册Unit s1 ～3】（沪外版，上海专用）

2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（沪外版） 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 口 0 注意事项 2 23 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 3 3 3 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5m 4 4 5 J 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 7 7 7 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 8 8 改液、刮纸刀。 9 5.正确填涂 ■ 选择题 (请用2B铅笔填涂) I.Listening Comprehension (25') ■ (110小题，每小题1分：11~20小题，每小题1.5分) 1 [AJIBI[CI 6[A1[B1IC] 1【AJIB1ICI 16【AJIB1IC1 2【A][B1ICI 7 [AJIB]IC] 12【AIB]IC1 17 [A][B]IC] 3【AJIBI[C1 8 [AJIB][CI 13【A1IB]ICI 18 [A]IB]ICI 4[A]IB1[C] 9 IAJIBIIC] 14 IA]IB]IC] 19 IAJ[B]IC] 5[A]IB][C] 10【A]IB1【CJ 15 [A][B]IC] 20 IA][B]ICI II.Grammar and Vocabulary (20') Section A (10') 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 日 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Section B (10') 31. 32. 33. 34. 35 36. 37. 38. 39 40 黎 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ III.Reading Comprehension(45') 英语第1页（共2页） (4155小题，每小题1分；5670小题，每小题2分) 41 IA]IBIIC][D]46 IAJIB]ICIID] 51 [A][B]IC]ID] 56 [A][B][C][D] 42 IAJIB]ICI[D]47 [AJIB]ICIID]52 [AJ[B]ICIID] 57 [A]IB]ICIID] 43【A1IB1IC1[D1 48【AJ[B1[C]IDJ53【AJ[BJ[C1[DJ 58【A1[B1 ICIID] 44【A][B][C]LDJ 49 IAlIBIICIIDI 54 IAlIBIICIIDI 59【AJIBIIC]IDJ 45【A1IB1IC1ID] 50 [A][B][CIID] 55【A1[BJICIID] 60 [A][B][CIID] 61 [AJIB]IC]ID]66 [A][B][C]ID] 62 [AJIB]ICI[D]67 [AJ[BJ[CJI[D][EJ[F] 63 [AI[B]ICJID]68 [A][BIICIID][EI[FI 64 IAJIB]IC]ID] 69 [A]IB]ICIID]IEJIF] 65【A1IB1ICI[D170【A1IBI[C1ID1[E1[FI 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） V.Summary writing (10') 71 VI.Translation (15') 72 73. 74. 75. VII.Guided writing(25') 76. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第2页（共2页）………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（沪外版） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3．难度系数：0.65。 4. 测试范围：选择性必修一Unit 1 ~ Unit 3（沪外版） 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension（25’） Section A（10’） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. $30. B. $27. C. $20. D. $10. 2. A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills. C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food. 3. A. Post her the paper after the deadline. B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later. D. Complete the course without handing in the paper. 4. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes. C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better. 5. A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm. C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique. 6. A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual. 7. A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter. B He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase. 8. A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training. C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D. Employees are all required to receive the training. 9. A. She would rather take a direct train. B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing. C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes. D. Taking an airplane might be more practical. 10. A. If he has more than a dollar. B. If he makes a phone call first. C. If he finds the change machine. D. If he buys something from her. Section B（15’） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The origin of shopping malls. B. The location of shopping malls. C. The inventor of shopping malls. D. The prospect of shopping malls. 12. A. They were roofless buildings. B. They mainly housed specialty shops. C. They had a certain kind of landscape. D. They provided indoor parking service. 13. A. People loved wandering from shop to shop. B. The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather. C. Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D. Malls could contain much more than just shops. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. How the London Underground system developed. B. What the London Underground Drawing office did. C. What the London Underground platforms were like. D. How the London Underground map came into being. 15. A. Accurate information about distance. B. Time of the first and the last trains. C. The number of station entrances. D. Locations of the stations. 16. A. Original and clear. B. Simple but advanced. C. Attractive but misleading. D. Old-fashioned and complex. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To fight against violent action. B. To explore new ways of studying animals. C. To stop animal being used for medical research. D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals. 18. A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law D. The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19. A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen B Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules. C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20. A. It is not their original intention. B. It does bring them much trouble. C. It has made their life difficult. D. It is what they apologise for. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A（10’） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It Has Pockets! As a young girl, Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees, and didn’t understand why she couldn’t wear pants with pockets like her brothers. At summer camp, she hated swimming in the full-stockings women 21 (expect) to wear, so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, even though she knew she 22 (get) in trouble. McCardell made a career out of asking such questions, and helped transform American fashion in the process, as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography, Claire McCardell: The Designer Who Set Women Free. Almost a century later, “we owe much of 23 hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell,” Dickinson writes, and yet she is not 24 the fashion figures “we all remember”. That’s an understatement. Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement. She rejected anything 25 (restrict) — even when Christian Dior burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists. Dior described women as flowers, to be admired and plucked. McCardell saw women as doers, and designed accordingly. 26 McCardell was really “the designer who set women free” in a broader sense is a more complicated question. During her lifetime, women certainly gained freedom: more casual and comfortable options; and in general, more choice about how they might acceptably present 27 to the world. The main reason McCardell isn’t well-known globally is that, unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn’t name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death. Dior also died at 52, just a few months before McCardell, 28 (appoint) Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field. In 2021, her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park, with 29 to honor her influence on fashion. She sits in her typical posture, confident and at ease. It’s striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed; she’s not staring at the horizon 30 preparing to give an official address. She looks, above all, comfortable. Section B（10’） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address   B．put   C． generation   D．inadequate  E. infected   F. isolated     G. manage   H. mixing  I. powerful   J. recognition  K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products 31 with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default 32 . This is not a(n) 33 example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding — and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or 34 needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but 35 all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and 36 data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, 37 it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) 38 business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice- 39 systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now 40 just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A（15’） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, 41 the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the 42 competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology 43 such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once 44 the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more 45 , than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while 46 better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely 47 by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. 48 , prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000 49 for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to 50 . On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to 51 its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local 52 . One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China 53 to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big 54 on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect 55 crowds. 41．A．assembling B．erasing C．navigating D．surrounding 42．A．demanding B．dynamic C．friendly D．intense 43．A．champions B．drivers C．opponents D．sponsors 44．A．disturbed B．dominated C．impacted D．transformed 45．A．cheaply B．conveniently C．sustainably D．widely 46．A．abusing B．boasting C．disrupting D．switching 47．A．controlled B．driven C．parked D．reversed 48．A．Conversely B．Instead C．Besides D．Therefore 49．A．exchanges B．orders C．refunds D．returns 50．A．add up B．cheer up C．catch up D．give up 51．A．acquire B．inquire C．require D．request 52．A．alternatives B．initiatives C．schemes D．varieties 53．A．tributed B．attributed C．contributed D．distributed 54．A．mass B．mess C．miss D．moss 55．A．less calm B．more thrilled C．smarter D．smaller Section B（22’） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I have way more mental and physical energy to pursue my dreams when I'm calm and well rested. When I’m exhausted and tired out, I struggle through my day, attending to only the essentials. “Taking care of your body and mind — by getting enough sleep, whole foods and movement — sets a foundation in place,” says Dr Swart, “from which you have far greater ability and energy to build your bigger dreams and projects.” Tip 1 __41__ : Try Yoga Nidra, a guided lying-down meditation (冥想), also known as “yogic deep sleep”, which eases you into complete mental and physical relaxation. For me, just 20 minutes in the middle of my day is a game-changer, especially if I haven’t had enough sleep. There are lots of free practices online. My favourite is Richard Miller’s iRest, available on YouTube. CAUTION: While Yoga Nidra can be a great way to relax, think twice if you’re feeling physically uncomfortable, as the position may worsen your discomfort. Tip 2 WALK: Take a 35-minute walk, ideally before 8 am. Exposure to bright light first thing improves our mood and increases our energy, as does movement. This is especially important in winter, when lower light levels mean our bodies produce more melatonin (which makes us feel sleepier), as well as less serotonin, a mood-boosting chemical. CAUTION: Walking is not recommended if you’re dealing with an injury or are feeling extremely exhausted, as it might put additional stress on your body. Tip 3 COOK: Visit a farmers’ market and see what you're drawn to — perhaps the orange rounds of tomatoes, or the deep green leaves of kale (羽衣甘蓝). If you’re not sure what to cook with your purchases, follow your heart, or search online (or the recipes in your cookbooks) for ideas. As you cook, feel the process: it could be the feel of your knife cutting through potatoes, the smell of sausage, or the sight of dark-purple vegetables transformed into a red soup. CAUTION: Cooking is not the best option if you’re feeling rushed or distracted, as it might cause frustration instead of relaxation. Tip 4 CONNECT: Friendship is fundamental to our physical and mental wellbeing. Connect, via phone or in person, with those friends who are your supporters; the ones who believe in you and are cheering for you to realise your dreams. And dare to share these with them. CAUTION: If you’re emotionally drained or needing time to recharge, it might not be the best moment to have deep or demanding conversations. 56．What is the passage mainly intended to do? A．To introduce some useful health products. B．To present four stages of achieving dreams. C．To provide guidance on how to care for ourselves. D．To highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle. 57．Which of the following words best fills in the blank of the passage? A．PRACTICE. B．REST. C．TRAVEL. D．NURSE. 58．John is a customer service manager of a shopping mall. For a whole day, he answered numerous phone calls and rushed to different spots in the mall to handle various emergencies and customer complaints. After a day of work, he felt tired out, hoping to enjoy his own personal life. Which two tips may work for John best? A．Tip 1 and Tip 3.B．Tip 1 and Tip 2. C．Tip 3 and Tip 4. D．Tip 2 and Tip 4. (B) I’m not an early adopter of new technologies but I am a self-interested economic actor. I’m also under a tight deadline on my next book project. So, I decided to use this opportunity to see how much artificial intelligence could do for me as an author. Could I outsource some of my book writing to AI? Would anyone notice the difference? The short answer is no, I can’t, and yes, they absolutely would. Over the past few weeks, I’ve run trials with what ChatGPT can and can’t do creatively by pretending to be me. While the technology is constantly evolving, what I’ve seen so far has made me much more confident that my own job as an opinion columnist — which involves data procurement and analysis but also personal style, emotional acuity and a lot of on-the-ground reporting — won’t be technologically disintermediated anytime soon. I started by giving ChatGPT Plus a road map of how to work in collaboration on a book, a template (模板) developed by a technologist. The template laid out in detail what long-form narrative writing is and how to expand on an author’s existing ideas. I was amazed by how much preparation is required just to get ChatGPT to understand the basics. LLMs can give you answers to precise questions, but they don’t necessarily understand how to land on tone, style, tension or originality, nor do they have the power to benefit from serendipity, all of which are components of good writing. ChatGPT took about 48 hours to churn out a first chapter of my own 33-year body of work, a detailed book proposal with footnotes, a chapter outline of where I wanted to go, taped interviews with sources and plentiful background reading selected by me. Sadly, what I got back was a kind of Muzak version of myself — predigested, relatively accurate, but thoroughly uninspired. This result was both amusing and depressing. Within it, though, were some telling details about how this AI model works. For starters, it’s sycophantic (阿谀奉承的). In the early days, when I was excited about the possibilities, it got very chummy with me. Later, after I told it that it was fired, it became flat. All a reflection of me, which makes me think AI has a better future in therapy than creative writing. 59．What is the author’s primary motivation for conducting the experiment with AI? A．To prove that AI cannot replace human writers under any circumstances. B．To satisfy his curiosity as an early adopter of cutting-edge technology. C．To explore whether AI could assist him in meeting a pressing professional commitment. D．To demonstrate the superior creative capabilities of large language models. 60．The author describes the AI-generated chapter as a “Muzak version of myself.” What does this metaphor most likely imply? A．The output was highly original and pleasant. B．The output was a flavorless, impersonal imitation of his style. C．The output was technically complex but emotionally engaging. D．The output was completely accurate and relevant to the topic. 61．Based on the author’s experience, what potential application does he suggest for generative language AI? A．Replacing human writers in generating long-form narrative content. B．Serving as a sole creator without human intervention. C．Functioning effectively in fields like therapeutic dialogue. D．Conducting on-the-ground reporting and data procurement. 62．What is the author’s attitude towards using AI for creative writing based on the passage? A．Enthusiastic support due to its efficiency in generating original content. B．Complete rejection based on its inability to process factual information. C．Pessimism due to contradictory performance in different creative domains. D．Cautious acknowledgement of limitations while recognizing potential in specific areas. (C) A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain. Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) — located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people — increases food intake in mice. In these foundational studies, this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics, which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region. But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function, Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes — sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala, and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST, sometimes called the “extended amygdala”. This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes. But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured, salty or bitter, despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments, the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice, respectively, compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels. This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency, in addition to taste, to determine food intake, says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people, as our BNST is very similar to that of mice, says Cai. They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite, he says. However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments, such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. These can bind to neurons in the BNST, so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work, says Sarah Stern. 63．What was previously unknown about the BNST? A．Its location in the human brain B．Whether it receives taste signals C．Its function of increasing mice’s food intake D．The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 64．What did the genetic engineering of mice’s BNST neurons reveal? A．Mice consume more of any water, regardless of the taste. B．Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C．The BNST has no connection to the amygdala’s taste-related neurons. D．Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation. 65．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B．The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C．Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D．Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 66．Which title best fits the passage? A．Area of brain behind food urges identified B．New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C．How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D．Mice experiments: unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance Section C（8’） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion (拥堵). “ 67 ” says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails. 68 They found that the ants don’t jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed up to pass others. 69 But self-driving cars, if they one day become widespread, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision  of this future, autonomous vehicles would  share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,” says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be“very, very strong and resilient”, Nishinari says. Today’s drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: “don’t tailgate (尾随).” By leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. 70 “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. A．It’s a kind of phase transition, like water turning from liquid to solid. B．They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. C．Drivers often follow ants’ behavior when the highway is busy. D．However, human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E．Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group. F．Without this space, the wave would grow into a full “fake” traffic jam. V. Summary writing (10’) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleeping makes Idea Work? Here’s what Science says Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs? Inventors like Thomas Edison and artists such as Salvador Dali believed so. Now, science is starting to back them up. Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep. The first stage of sleep, called N1 or hypnagogia, only lasts 1-7 minutes. It’s a border between sleeping and waking, where we have vivid, dream-like thoughts that mix with our recent experiences. Brain studies show that during N1, parts of the brain linked to free thinking are active, which are important for creativity. A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem, people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. Similarly, another experiment used a sound to tell people to “think of a tree” when they were sleeping. The group that was woken up during N1 stage did 48% better on creativity tasks like thinking of uses for a tree This highlights N1’s unique role in stimulating innovation through its mixing state of relaxed focus. Scientists say different sleep stages might help different kinds of thinking, and the lines between stages aren’t perfect. But for everyday use, experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep, don’t get up immediately. Instead, close your eyes and try to remember your dreams, the sounds you heard, or the images you saw. This lets the brain’s “sleep chemistry” stay a bit longer, helping you explore new ideas. In short, the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest — it could be a door to creativity. Science is now proving what Edison and Dali seemed to know: sleep can help us see things in new ways. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Translation (15’) 72．她轻巧的动作流畅从未不让人惊叹。（amaze）（译英） ________________________________________________________________________ 73．虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) ________________________________________________________________ 74．领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。 (present; pave) ________________________________________________________________________ 75．求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。（prove; rate） ________________________________________________________________________ VII. Guided writing (25’) Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校计划举办“大视野”讲座，主题分别为：“古往今来的中国语言”（Chinese Language: From Ancient Times to the Present）和“脑科学的回顾与发展”（Brain Science: Looking Back and Moving Forward）。每位同学可选择一场参加，请向学校写一封邮件报名，内容需包括： 1．你选择的主题； 2．选择该主题的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第9页（共12页） 试题 第10页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（沪外版） : 英语 (考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：140分) : 考生注意： : : 1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规 定的位置上。 2.答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的 : 作答一律无效。 3.难度系数：0.65。 .: 4.测试范围：选择性必修一Unit1~Unit3(沪外版) 5,考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 ·: I.Listening Comprehension (25') Section A (10') Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken O : only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A.$30. B.$27 C.$20 D.$10 斟 2.A.He may feel better soon. B.He doesn't like to take pills. : C.He may not be able to wake up on time. D.He may want to take the pills without food. 3.A.Post her the paper after the deadline. : B.Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. O C.Attend a conference with her two weeks later D.Complete the course without handing in the paper. : 4.A.Lose some weight. B.Shop for new clothes. ·: 区 C.Have his jeans altered. D.Wear clothes that fit better. 5.A.Sharpen the man's pencil. B.Ask the model to move his arm. C.Give the man a new sheet of paper. D.Show the man a drawing technique. : 6.A.Disappointed. B.Curious. C.Satisfied. D.Casual. 7.A.He'd like some help at the baggage counter. 试题第1页（共14页) 。: .: 可学科网·学易金卷做好卷：就限是鲁襟 B He doesn't know the woman ahead of him. C.He was permitted to carry one extra bag D.He is carrying someone else's suitcase. 8.A.Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B.A few of them are allowed to participate in the training C.All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D.Employees are all required to receive the training. 9.A.She would rather take a direct train B.It doesn't take long to get to Chongqing. C.She doesn't care how long the trip takes. D.Taking an airplane might be more practical. 10.A.Ifhe has more than a dollar. B.If he makes a phone call first. C.Ifhe finds the change machine D.If he buys something from her. Section B (15') Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of them.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11.A.The origin of shopping malls. B.The location of shopping malls. C.The inventor of shopping malls. D.The prospect of shopping malls 12.A.They were roofless buildings. B.They mainly housed specialty shops. C.They had a certain kind of landscape D.They provided indoor parking service. 13.A.People loved wandering from shop to shop. B.The shops didn't need to keep out bad weather. C.Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D.Malls could contain much more than just shops. 试题第2页（共14页） 学科网·学易金卷做好：就限是鲁 Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A.How the London Underground system developed. B.What the London Underground Drawing office did. C.What the London Underground platforms were like. D.How the London Underground map came into being. 15.A.Accurate information about distance. B.Time of the first and the last trains. C.The number of station entrances. D.Locations of the stations. 16.A.Original and clear B.Simple but advanced. C.Attractive but misleading. D.Old-fashioned and complex. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17.A.To fight against violent action B.To explore new ways of studying animals. C.To stop animal being used for medical research. D.To highlight the protection of endangered animals 18.A.It might be the most efficient way to free animals B.The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C.It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law D.The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19.A.Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen B Evidence was found that the scientists didn't obey certain rules C.The scientists couldn't afford to find animals again for the research D.The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20.A.It is not their original intention B.It does bring them much trouble. C.It has made their life difficult. D.It is what they apologise for II.Grammar and Vocabulary (20') Section A (10') Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. 试题第3页（共14页） It Has Pockets! ○ As a young girl,Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees,and didn't understand why she couldn't wear pants with pockets like her brothers.At summer camp,she hated swimming in the full-stockings women 21 (expect)to wear,so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, ·········· even though she knew she 22(get)in trouble. 正 McCardell made a career out of asking such questions,and helped transform American fashion in the 年 process,as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography,Claire McCardell:The Designer Who Set Women Free.Almost a century later,"we owe much of 23 hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell, the fashion figures "we all remember".That's an 张 Dickinson writes,and yet she is not 24 understatement Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement.She rejected anything 25(restrict)-even when Christian Dior 游 游 burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists.Dior described 样 women as flowers,to be admired and plucked.McCardell saw women as doers,and designed accordingly. 26 McCardell was really "the designer who set women free"in a broader sense is a more complicated question.During her lifetime,women certainly gained freedom:more casual and comfortable options; and in general,more choice about how they might acceptably present 27 to the world The main reason McCardell isn't well-known globally is that,unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn't name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death.Dior also died at 52,just a few months before McCardell,28(appoint)Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. 性 But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field.In 2021,her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park,with 29 to honor her influence on fashion.She sits in her typical posture,confident and at ease.It's striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed;she's not staring at the horizon 30 preparing to give an official address.She looks,above all,comfortable. Section B (10') Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.address B.put C.generation D.inadequate E.infected F.isolated G.manage H 试题第4页（共14页） : mixing I.powerful J.recognition K.setting O One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes,but this message has failed to : penetrate many other areas of design,including the most forward-looking place on Earth today:Silicon Valley is : .: : : still churning out new products 31 with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets.Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them,perhaps because 90%of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset's default : 32.This is not a(n)33 example.Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman's hand,as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley's design problem is that men control most of its : % companies -male-run firms receive 82%of venture-capital (VC)funding-and entrepreneurs often build : ·: products to solve problems or34 needs that affect them personally.Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face,and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right : : questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light,it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, : O three-quarters of whose members are men.These teams often use data to make decisions,but35 users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences.Reliance on historical data,and 36 data on underrepresented groups,.often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法). Tech's design bias needs fixing for ethical,safety and business reasons.The ethical imperative is obvious:it 斟 is wrong that women have to make do with a "one-size-fits-men"world,as Caroline Criado Perez,a writer, 37 it.As for safety,regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women : .: because they are not designed properly. O O But there is also a(n)38 business case for avoiding design bias,because huge opportunities are being missed.Women are 50%of the population,and make 70-80%of the world's consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming.The first voice- 39 systems struggled to : .: understand female voices,but most now 40 just fine."Femtech"startups,which focus on women's health and well-being,may raise $Ibn by the end of this year.VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers.For the companies : : that get it right,that means higher profits.What is holding them back? III.Reading Comprehension (45') : 试题第5页（共14页） : : 学科网·学易金卷做怒德：就限是普 Section A (15') Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024,a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing,get there by car.On the opening day,41 the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing's crowded streets.Helpfully,the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the 42 competition powerfully impacting China's car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands,most of the vehicles are electric.And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others,and local technology_43 such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once 44 the domestic market. China's carmakers are launching new models more quickly,and much more 45,than rivals abroad.Bernstein,an agent,thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones,while 46 better tech.In Beijing,Ji Yue,a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely,China's second-biggest carmaker,and the technology of Baidu,the country's biggest search engine,showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely 47 by voice commands and a touchscreen.It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece.48,prices for Xiaomi's SU7,another handsome model overflowing with clever technology,start at roughly the same level.The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000 49 for it in one month,half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to 50 On April 28th Elon Musk,boss of Tesla,turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to 51 its mapping data.The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China,and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer,cheaper local 52 One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry's fast expansion is a cruel price war.Steep price cuts in China 53 to Tesla's falling sales and profits in the first quarter.On April 29th BYD,which has also been offering deep discounts,reported rising sales compared with a year ago,but a big 54 on revenues.If this leads to a set of changes in the industry,fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025,to be held in Shanghai.Just don't expect 55 crowds. 41.A.assembling B.erasing C.navigating D.surrounding 42.A.demanding B.dynamic C.friendly D.intense 43.A.champions B.drivers C.opponents D.sponsors 试题第6页（共14页） 西学科网·学易金卷做好费：就限是籍普 44.A.disturbed B.dominated C.impacted D.transformed 45.A.cheaply B.conveniently C.sustainably D.widely 46.A.abusing B.boasting C.disrupting D.switching 47.A.controlled B.driven C.parked D.reversed 48.A.Conversely B.Instead C.Besides D.Therefore 49.A.exchanges B.orders C.refunds D.returns 50.A.add up B.cheer up C.catchup D.give up 51.A.acquire B.inquire C.require D.request 52.A.alternatives B.initiatives C.schemes D.varieties 53.A.tributed B.attributed C.contributed D.distributed 54.A.mass B.mess C.miss D.moss 55.A.less calm B.more thrilled C.smarter D.smaller Section B (22') Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read (A) I have way more mental and physical energy to pursue my dreams when I'm calm and well rested.When I'm exhausted and tired out,I struggle through my day,attending to only the essentials."Taking care of your body and mind-by getting enough sleep,whole foods and movement-sets a foundation in place,"says Dr Swart, "from which you have far greater ability and energy to build your bigger dreams and projects." 41:Try Yoga Nidra,.a guided lying-down meditation(冥想)，also known as "yogic deep sleep",which eases you into complete mental and physical relaxation. For me,just 20 minutes in the middle of my day is a game-changer,especially if I Tip 1 haven't had enough sleep.There are lots of free practices online.My favourite is Richard Miller's iRest,available on YouTube. CAUTION:While Yoga Nidra can be a great way to relax,think twice if you're feeling physically uncomfortable,as the position may worsen your discomfort. WALK:Take a 35-minute walk,ideally before 8 am.Exposure to bright light first Tip 2 thing improves our mood and increases our energy,as does movement.This is 试题第7页（共14页） especially important in winter,when lower light levels mean our bodies produce : more melatonin(which makes us feel sleepier),as well as less serotonin,a mood-boosting chemical. CAUTION:Walking is not recommended if you're dealing with an injury or are ..·.… feeling extremely exhausted,as it might put additional stress on your body. COOK:Visit a farmers'market and see what you're drawn to-perhaps the orange 年 rounds of tomatoes,or the deep green leaves of kale(羽衣甘蓝).Ifyou're not sure what to cook with your purchases,follow your heart,or search online (or the recipes 张 in your cookbooks)for ideas.As you cook,feel the process:it could be the feel of Tip 3 your knife cutting through potatoes,the smell of sausage,or the sight of dark-purple vegetables transformed into a red soup. .... 游 游 CAUTION:Cooking is not the best option if you're feeling rushed or distracted,as .·.… : it might cause frustration instead of relaxation. CONNECT:Friendship is fundamental to our physical and mental wellbeing. Connect,via phone or in person,with those friends who are your supporters;the ones who believe in you and are cheering for you to realise your dreams.And dare to Tip 4 share these with them. CAUTION:If you're emotionally drained or needing time to recharge,it might not be the best moment to have deep or demanding conversations. 56.What is the passage mainly intended to do? 性 A.To introduce some useful health products. .· O B.To present four stages of achieving dreams. C.To provide guidance on how to care for ourselves. ·..·.· D.To highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle. 57.Which of the following words best fills in the blank of the passage? A.PRACTICE.B.REST C.TRAVEL. D.NURSE. 58.John is a customer service manager of a shopping mall.For a whole day,he answered numerous phone calls and rushed to different spots in the mall to handle various emergencies and customer complaints.After a day of work,he felt tired out,hoping to enjoy his own personal life. Which two tips may work for John best? 试题第8页（共14页） : A.Tip 1 and Tip 3.B.Tip 1 and Tip 2.C.Tip 3 and Tip 4. D.Tip 2 and Tip 4. (B) I'm not an early adopter of new technologies but I am a self-interested economic actor.I'm also under a tight deadline on my next book project.So,I decided to use this opportunity to see how much artificial : intelligence could do for me as an author.Could I outsource some of my book writing to AI?Would anyone notice : : the difference?The short answer is no,I can't,and yes,they absolutely would.Over the past few weeks,I've run trials with what ChatGPT can and can't do creatively by pretending to be me.While the technology is constantly evolving,what I've seen so far has made me much more confident that my own job as an opinion columnist- : : which involves data procurement and analysis but also personal style,emotional acuity and a lot of on-the-ground reporting-won't be technologically disintermediated anytime soon. : I started by giving ChatGPT Plus a road map of how to work in collaboration on a book,a template ( developed by a technologist.The template laid out in detail what long-form narrative writing is and how to expand : ·: on an author's existing ideas.I was amazed by how much preparation is required just to get ChatGPT to : : understand the basics.LLMs can give you answers to precise questions,but they don't necessarily understand how : to land on tone,style,tension or originality,nor do they have the power to benefit from serendipity,all of which : are components of good writing. O ChatGPT took about 48 hours to churn out a first chapter of my own 33-year body of work,a detailed book proposal with footnotes,a chapter outline of where I wanted to go,taped interviews with sources and plentiful background reading selected by me.Sadly,what I got back was a kind of Muzak version of myself-predigested, 斟 relatively accurate,but thoroughly uninspired.This result was both amusing and depressing. : Within it,though,were some telling details about how this AI model works.For starters,it's sycophantic .: (阿谀奉承的).In the early days,when I was excited about the possibilities,.it got very chummy with me.Later, .: after I told it that it was fired,it became flat.All a reflection of me,which makes me think AI has a better future in therapy than creative writing. 59.What is the author's primary motivation for conducting the experiment with AI? : A.To prove that aI cannot replace human writers under any circumstances .: 8 B.To satisfy his curiosity as an early adopter of cutting-edge technology. C.To explore whether AI could assist him in meeting a pressing professional commitment. D.To demonstrate the superior creative capabilities of large language models. 60.The author describes the AI-generated chapter as a"Muzak version of myself."What does this metaphor most O : likely imply? 试题第9页（共14页) : 可学科网·学易金卷做好畿：就限是鲁襟 A.The output was highly original and pleasant. B.The output was a flavorless,impersonal imitation of his style. C.The output was technically complex but emotionally engaging. D.The output was completely accurate and relevant to the topic. 61.Based on the author's experience,what potential application does he suggest for generative language AI? A.Replacing human writers in generating long-form narrative content. B.Serving as a sole creator without human intervention. C.Functioning effectively in fields like therapeutic dialogue. D.Conducting on-the-ground reporting and data procurement. 62.What is the author's attitude towards using AI for creative writing based on the passage? A.Enthusiastic support due to its efficiency in generating original content. B.Complete rejection based on its inability to process factual information. C.Pessimism due to contradictory performance in different creative domains. D.Cautious acknowledgement of limitations while recognizing potential in specific areas. (C) A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure,called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)-located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people -increases food intake in mice.In these foundational studies,this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics,which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region.But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function,Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes-sweet,bitter,sour,salty and umami.The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala,and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST,sometimes called the "extended amygdala".This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals,says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption,so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn't activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes,these mice drank substantially less than normal ones,suggesting that activation of BNST 试题第10页（共14页） 可学科网·学易金卷做概微：就限是鲁襟 neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured,salty or bitter,despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments,the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice,respectively,compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels.This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency,in addition to taste,to determine food intake,says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people,as our BNST is very similar to that of mice,says Cai.They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite,he says. However,more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake,says Cai,and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity,so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed,he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments,such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide.These can bind to neurons in the BNST,so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work,says Sarah Stern. 63.What was previously unknown about the BNST? A.Its location in the human brain B.Whether it receives taste signals C.Its function of increasing mice's food intake D.The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 64.What did the genetic engineering of mice's BNST neurons reveal? A.Mice consume more of any water,regardless of the taste. B.Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C.The BNST has no connection to the amygdala's taste-related neurons. D.Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation 65.Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A.BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B.The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C.Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D.Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 试题第11页（共14页） 66.Which title best fits the passage? ○ A.Area of brain behind food urges identified B.New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C.How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D.Mice experiments:unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance Section C (8') Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 张 From an airplane,cars crawling down the highway look like ants.But actual ants unlike cars- somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic.Researchers are now studying these insects' cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don't jam up The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway.At 15 vehicles 数 游 per mile per lane,one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion () 游 “ 67"says Katsuhiro Nishinari,a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo,who studies these jamming transitions. O Nishinari's previous research had shown that foraging (ants can maintain their flow even at high densities.In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives,researchers .: recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails.68 They found that the ants don't jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances 时 between one another and they don't speed up to pass others. 69 But self-driving cars,if they one day become widespread,could have more cooperative 世 programming.In one vision of this future,autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to .: optimize traffic flow-perhaps,the researchers suggest,by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not . passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail,which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another."There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,"says Noa Pinter-Wollman,a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California,Los Angeles.And in both ant and vehicle traffic,this type of distributed system can be"very,very strong and resilient",Nishinari says. Today's drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam,Nishinari says:"don't tailgate )"By leaving room between their car and the one ahead,drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. 70"Just keeping away,"he says,can help traffic flow smoothly. 试题第12页（共14页） : A.It's a kind of phase transition,like water turning from liquid to solid. B.They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. O O C.Drivers often follow ants'behavior when the highway is busy. D.However,human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E.Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group F.Without this space,the wave would grow into a full "fake"traffic jam. V.Summary writing (10') Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated.Use your own words as far as possible. O Sleeping makes Idea Work?Here's what Science says Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs?Inventors like Thomas Edison and % artists such as Salvador Dali believed so.Now,science is starting to back them up. : Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep.The first stage of sleep,called NI or hypnagogia,only lasts 1-7 minutes.It's a border between sleeping and waking,where we have vivid, dream-like thoughts that mix with our recent experiences.Brain studies show that during N1,parts of the brain linked to free thinking are active,which are important for creativity. O 感 O A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem,people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. Similarly,another experiment used a sound to tell people to "think of a tree"when they were sleeping.The group 然 that was woken up during NI stage did 48%better on creativity tasks like thinking of uses for a tree This highlights N1's unique role in stimulating innovation through its mixing state of relaxed focus. Scientists say different sleep stages might help different kinds of thinking,and the lines between stages aren' t perfect.But for everyday use,experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep,don't get up immediately. Instead,close your eyes and try to remember your dreams,the sounds you heard,or the images you saw.This lets .: the brain's "sleep chemistry"stay a bit longer,helping you explore new ideas. In short,the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest -it could be a door to creativity. .: 区 Science is now proving what Edison and Dali seemed to know:sleep can help us see things in new ways. 71 : : 试题第13页（共14页） .: @学科网·学易金卷做树瓷：限是音精 VI.Translation (15') 72.她轻巧的动作流畅从未不让人惊叹。(amaze)（译英) 73.虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) 74.领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。(present:. pave) 75.求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最 优方式。(prove,:rate) VII.Guided writing (25') Directions:Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校计划举办“大视野”讲座，主题分别为：“古往今来的中国语言” (Chinese Language::From Ancient Times to the Present)和“脑科学的回顾与发展”(Brain Science:Looking Back and Moving Forwar'd)。每位同学可选择一场参加，请向学校写一封邮件报名，内容需包括： 1.你选择的主题： 2.选择该主题的理由。 试题第14页（共14页） 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（沪外版） 英语·参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension（25’） 1-5 BDAAD 6-10 CDADD 11-16 ACBDAA 17-20 CDBA II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A（10’） 21．were expected 22．would get/would have got 23．what 24．among/in 25．restricting 26．Whether 27．themselves 28．having appointed 29．which 30．as if/as though Section B（10’） 31．E 32．K 33．F 34．A 35．H 36．D 37．B 38．I 39．J 40．G III. Reading Comprehension (45’) 41．C 42．D 43．A 54．B 45．A 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．A 53．C 54．C 55．D Section B（22’） 56．C 57．B 58．A 59．C 60．B 61．C 62．D 63．B 64．B 65．C 66．A Section C（8’） 67．A 68．B 69．D 70．F V. Summary writing (10’) 71.Scientific research confirms that sleep fuels creative breakthroughs, a view shared by Edison and Dali. The brief N1 sleep stage, the transition between wakefulness and sleep, activates brain areas linked to free thinking. Studies show people in this stage perform far better in creative tasks. Experts suggest lingering briefly after waking to sustain this creative effect. VI. Translation (15’) 72.Her light and smooth movements never fail to amaze people. 73.Though I complained that he was getting in my way, he took no notice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen. 74.The leader attended the ceremony and presented medals to all soldiers and pioneers present to promote patriotism and pave the way for a bright future. 75.Seeking common ground while reserving differences has proved to be the golden rule for handling diplomatic relations, and is also rated as the optimal way to pursue fairness and justice and maintain world peace and stability. VII. Guided writing (25’) Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Hua from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to sign up for one of the lectures in the “Broad Vision” event. The theme I’ve chosen is “Chinese Language: From Ancient Times to the Present.” Language is the soul of a culture, and I’m deeply interested in how the Chinese language has evolved over thousands of years while still keeping its unique characteristics. Understanding this topic will help me appreciate the wisdom of ancient people and improve my own language skills. Also, as China plays an important role in the world today, knowing more about the history of our language can help us better share our culture with others. I believe this lecture will be both educational and inspiring. Thank you for organizing such a meaningful event. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（沪外版） 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 码 郑 0 0 0 0 0 1 注意事项 2 2 2 2 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚， 3 3 3 3 并认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂非选择题必须用0.5m 5 5 5 5 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整： 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范 7 7 7 7 > 7 围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效： 8 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 涂改液、刮纸刀。 9 5.正确填涂 选择题（请用2B铅笔填 叔 痴 I.Listening Comprehension (25') (1~10小题，每小题1分；11~20小题， 每小题1.5分) 12 [AIIB]ICI 6 [A][B]IC] [AJ[BJIC] IAIBIICI AlBlIC AlBlICI [AJIBJIC] 3 [A]IB]IC 3 8 ci 45 IAIHC] IAllBlIC 15 ! II.Grammar and Vocabulary (20') 阳 Section A (10') 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28. 29 30. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 摇 Section B (10') 31 32 33 34 35 英语第1页（共2页） 36. 37. 38 39 40. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 51 6 4 AllBlICUDI 47 IAlBIICIIDI 43 48 53 58 49 [AJIBIICIIDI 5 【A1B455小题5每公570小题 60母即)ID1 (AJIB]IC]I 66 B川 D B D 553 EEE R区 C][D 70 71 非选择题〈请在各试题的答题区内作答) VI.Translation (15') 72 73. 74. 15 VII.Guided writing (25') 76. 英语第2页（共2页） ■ ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第3页（共4页） ■ ■ ■ 英语第4页（共4页） ■ 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（沪外版） 英语·全解全析 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3．难度系数：0.65。 4. 测试范围：选择性必修一Unit 1 ~ Unit 3（沪外版） 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension（25’） Section A（10’） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. $30. B. $27. C. $20. D. $10. 【答案】B 【原文】M: How much are the roses? W: Thirty dollars a dozen, but I can give you a ten-percent discount. They are on sale today. Q: How much should the man pay for a dozen roses? 2. A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills. C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food. 【答案】D 【原文】W: Take two pills three times a day. And you shouldn’t take them on an empty stomach. M: What if I don’t have an appetite. Q: What does the man imply? 3. A. Post her the paper after the deadline. B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later. D. Complete the course without handing in the paper. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Professor Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper, there was suddenly a power failure. Do you think I can have another day to retype it? W: I am sorry, Steven. I am leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I will be away for two weeks. I suppose you could mail it to me there. Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do? 4. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes. C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better. 【答案】A 【原文】M: I am having trouble fitting into my jeans. Looks like I have to get some new ones. W: But you wouldn’t have to do that if you just cut down on what you eat. Q: What does the woman imply the man should do? 5. A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm. C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique. 【答案】D 【原文】M: I am having trouble draw the model’s right arm. W: To get the perspective you want, you need to use what we call foreshortening. Here, give me your pencil. Q: What will the woman most probably do next? 6. A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual. 【答案】C 【原文】M: How are you getting on with your experiment? W: In spite of my continuous failure, I have already made some progress. Q: How does the woman feel about her experiment? 7. A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter. B He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase. 【答案】D 【原文】W: I am sorry, Sir. But you are allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You have to check in one of your suitcases at the baggage counter. M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I am just giving her a hand. Q: What does the man mean? 8. A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training. C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D. Employees are all required to receive the training. 【答案】A 【原文】M: I guess all our colleagues are participating this training program. W: I am not quite sure. Not everyone has given a definite reply in their emails to me. Q: What does the women mean? 9. A. She would rather take a direct train. B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing. C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes. D. Taking an airplane might be more practical. 【答案】D 【原文】M: We’ve got to be in Chongqing by Saturday. We could take the train, but we’ll have to change a few times. W: A direct flight would be a lot less complicated. And maybe even cheaper. Q: What does the woman mean? 10. A. If he has more than a dollar. B. If he makes a phone call first. C. If he finds the change machine. D. If he buys something from her. 【答案】D 【原文】M: Miss, can you give me change for a dollar so that I can make a phone call at the callbox. W: Sorry, sir. I am not allowed to give change without a purchase. But you’ll find a change machine in front of the jewelry store. Q: In which situation can the woman give the man some change? Section B（15’） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The origin of shopping malls. B. The location of shopping malls. C. The inventor of shopping malls. D. The prospect of shopping malls. 12. A. They were roofless buildings. B. They mainly housed specialty shops. C. They had a certain kind of landscape. D. They provided indoor parking service. 13. A. People loved wandering from shop to shop. B. The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather. C. Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D. Malls could contain much more than just shops. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 【原文】Victor Green, an American architect, revolutionized shopping in the 1950s by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a shopping mall. Green’s aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with, but please them in landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed and often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centers. But while these housed only small specialty shops, Green’s shopping malls were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking areas outside. As there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities shopping malls now contain much more than just shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity. 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. Which of the following is true according to Victor Green’s idea of shopping malls? 3. Why did shops in malls no longer need windows and doors? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. How the London Underground system developed. B. What the London Underground Drawing office did. C. What the London Underground platforms were like. D. How the London Underground map came into being. 15. A. Accurate information about distance. B. Time of the first and the last trains. C. The number of station entrances. D. Locations of the stations. 16. A. Original and clear. B. Simple but advanced. C. Attractive but misleading. D. Old-fashioned and complex. 【答案】14. D 15. A 16. A 【原文】 Many people would agree that the London Underground map is extremely well-designed. It is not only simple and easy to understand but also quite attractive. And most importantly, it performs its primary task of guiding both Londoners and tourists round the underground system in the city very well. The man behind this great achievement was called Henry Beck. He was an employee of the London underground drawing office, and first came up with his design for the map in 1931. The map which had been in use before 1931 was messy and unclear. Beck decided that a traditional map which gave accurate information about distance was not necessary for the underground, and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public. When in 1933, it made its first appearance on the underground platforms and at the station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because it provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Beck’s approach was later adopted by most of the world underground system. 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. Which element of the old map didn’t appear on Henry Beck’s map? 3. What does the speaker think of the design of the map? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To fight against violent action. B. To explore new ways of studying animals. C. To stop animal being used for medical research. D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals. 18. A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law D. The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19. A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen B Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules. C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20. A. It is not their original intention. B. It does bring them much trouble. C. It has made their life difficult. D. It is what they apologise for. 【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 【原文】W: Two members of the animal defence group, the ADG, are suspected of being involved in an attack on a medical research laboratory last night. Today I am joined in the studio by Nick Davidson, who is also a member of the ADG, and their spokesperson. Good morning! M: Good morning! W: How can you possibly justify the actions of your colleagues, who broke into the lab last night and caused such criminal damage? M: Well, you say it’s criminal damage, but using animals in experiments is a crime. W: You mean destroying the equipment used to help find cures for diseases isn’t a crime? M: Yes, it is a crime in the eyes of law, but the reason we do that is to make it really expensive for the firms to use animals in experiments. They might think it is too expensive to set up the experiment all over again. W: I see, so you completely support this kind of direct action. M: Absolutely. Direct action is one of the many things you can do to highlight the cause of animal suffering. However, there are also completely peaceful ways of protesting. For example, I am a vegetarian, and I don’t buy anything that has been tested on animals. W: And have you yourself been involved in any type of illegal action? M: Yes. I poured red paint over fur coats in a clothes shop and I have been involved in an attack on a laboratory. W: What happened at the laboratory? M: We broke in and looked for evidence of the animal cruelty involved. The evidence we found actually put a stop to the research in that particular laboratory, because it wasn’t being conducted in an acceptable way. There are rules to be obeyed, even for animal testing. And we found that scientists were not following these rules. W: But this sort of violence just gives the animal rights movement a bad name, doesn’t it？ M: We don’t agree with violence. Yes, we make life as difficult as possible for the scientists, but we don’t aim to hurt them. Where people have been accidentally injured, we have apologized as harming people is not our intention. W: I’ll have to stop you there, Mr. Davidson. Thank you for coming in. 1. What is the ADG intended to do? 2. According to the man, why did the ADG members destroy the lab equipment? 3. Why did the scientists stop the research after the man and his colleague broke into their lab? 4. What does the man say about the bad name the ADG action has given to the animal rights movement? II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A（10’） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It Has Pockets! As a young girl, Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees, and didn’t understand why she couldn’t wear pants with pockets like her brothers. At summer camp, she hated swimming in the full-stockings women 21 (expect) to wear, so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, even though she knew she 22 (get) in trouble. McCardell made a career out of asking such questions, and helped transform American fashion in the process, as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography, Claire McCardell: The Designer Who Set Women Free. Almost a century later, “we owe much of 23 hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell,” Dickinson writes, and yet she is not 24 the fashion figures “we all remember”. That’s an understatement. Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement. She rejected anything 25 (restrict) — even when Christian Dior burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists. Dior described women as flowers, to be admired and plucked. McCardell saw women as doers, and designed accordingly. 26 McCardell was really “the designer who set women free” in a broader sense is a more complicated question. During her lifetime, women certainly gained freedom: more casual and comfortable options; and in general, more choice about how they might acceptably present 27 to the world. The main reason McCardell isn’t well-known globally is that, unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn’t name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death. Dior also died at 52, just a few months before McCardell, 28 (appoint) Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field. In 2021, her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park, with 29 to honor her influence on fashion. She sits in her typical posture, confident and at ease. It’s striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed; she’s not staring at the horizon 30 preparing to give an official address. She looks, above all, comfortable. 【答案】 21．were expected 22．would get/would have got 23．what 24．among/in 25．restricting 26．Whether 27．themselves 28．having appointed 29．which 30．as if/as though 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国时装设计师Claire McCardell的生平及其对美国女性时尚的重要影响。 21．考查动词语态。句意：在夏令营里，她讨厌穿着女性被要求穿的全长丝袜游泳，所以她脱掉了丝袜，光着腿在湖里游泳，尽管她知道她会惹上麻烦。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上下文语境，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时， women与expect之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。 22．考查动词时态。句意：在夏令营里，她讨厌穿着女性被要求穿的全长丝袜游泳，所以她脱掉了丝袜，光着腿在湖里游泳，尽管她知道她会惹上麻烦/可能已经惹上麻烦。空格处为宾语从句的谓语动词；根据主句谓语knew可知，此处表示从过去看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，即would+动词原形；would have got表示对过去情况的虚拟，在此处也可理解为“她知道自己可能已经惹上麻烦”。 23．考查宾语从句。句意：近一个世纪后，“我们衣橱里挂着的大部分东西都要归功于Claire McCardell，” Dickinson写道，然而，她并不在那些“我们都记得”的时尚人物之列。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导。 24．考查介词。句意：近一个世纪后，“我们衣橱里挂着的大部分东西都要归功于Claire McCardell，” Dickinson写道，然而，她并不在那些“我们都记得”的时尚人物之列。空格处需填入介词，与后面的名词短语构成介词短语；among表示“在……之中”，in表示“在……里面”，均符合语境，表示她不在那些著名时尚人物之中。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：她拒绝任何限制性的东西——即使Christian Dior闯入法国时尚界，开始把女性重新锁进18英寸腰围的紧身胸衣里。空格处作后置定语修饰不定代词anything，anything与restrict之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。 26．考查主语从句。句意：McCardell是否真的在更广泛的意义上是“解放女性的设计师”是一个更复杂的问题。空格处引导主语从句，根据句意“是否”可知，应用whether引导；注意首字母大写。 27．考查反身代词。句意：在她的一生中，女性确实获得了自由：更休闲舒适的选择；总的来说，在如何可接受地向世界展示自己方面有了更多选择。空格处作动词present的宾语，且与主语women指代同一群体，应用反身代词themselves。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：Dior也在52岁时去世，比McCardell早几个月，他已经任命Yves Saint Laurent继续他的工作并保护他的名字。空格处作伴随状语，Dior与appoint之间为主动关系，且appoint这一动作发生在died之前，应用现在分词的完成式having appointed。 29．考查定语从句。句意：2021年，她的家乡马里兰州在当地公园为她竖立了一座雕像，以纪念她对时尚的影响。空格处引导定语从句（省略/紧缩形式），具体来说是“介词+关系代词+不定式”，先行词为a statue of her，应用关系代词which替代先行词，with which= with the statue(用这座雕像)，to honor是不定式，表示目的。 30．考查方式状语从句。句意：令人惊讶的是，这座官方雕像看起来如此放松；她不像是在凝视地平线，也不像是在准备发表正式演讲。空格处引导方式状语从句，根据句意“好像、仿佛”可知，应用as if或as though引导。 Section B（10’） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address   B．put   C． generation   D．inadequate  E. infected   F. isolated     G. manage   H. mixing  I. powerful   J. recognition  K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products 31 with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default 32 . This is not a(n) 33 example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding — and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or 34 needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but 35 all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and 36 data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, 37 it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) 38 business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice- 39 systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now 40 just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 【答案】31．E 32．K 33．F 34．A 35．H 36．D 37．B 38．I 39．J 40．G 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了硅谷产品设计普遍存在男性偏向，源于男性主导行业、数据欠缺女性样本。这种偏见违背道德、存在安全隐患且错失商机，如今行业已有改善迹象。 31．考查过去分词。句意：裁缝们很久以前就发现，男人和女人的身材不同，但这条信息未能渗透到许多其他设计领域，包括当今地球上最具前瞻性的地方：硅谷仍在大量生产受老派偏见影响的新产品。空格处需要过去分词作后置定语修饰名词products，infected with可引申为“受……影响、充斥着”，此处表示硅谷推出的新产品仍受陈旧性别偏见的影响，符合语境。 32．考查名词。句意：女性在使用时感到不适的可能性远高于男性，或许是因为90%的女性瞳孔间距比普通头显的默认设置更小。名词所有格headset’s后接名词，default setting是固定搭配，意为“默认设置”，此处指VR头盔的瞳孔间距默认设置，符合技术产品的语境。 33．考查形容词。句意：这并非孤立现象。空格后是名词example，需要形容词修饰；后文还提到了智能手机、游戏手柄等同类问题，说明这不是个孤立的个例，isolated example表示 “孤立的例子、个例”，符合语境。 34．考查动词。句意：硅谷设计问题的一个明显原因在于，该地区大部分企业由男性掌控——男性主导的企业获得了82%的风投资金——而创业者往往只关注解决自身或身边人面临的问题。or连接并列的不定式结构solve problems 和____ needs，空格处需要动词原形；address needs是固定搭配，意为“满足需求、应对需求”，与solve problems语义并列。 35．考查动名词。句意：这些团队通常依赖数据来做出决策，但将所有用户群体混为一谈，可能导致他们忽略基于性别差异的趋势。空格处是句子主语，需要动名词形式；mix...together 表示“把……混在一起”，此处指把所有用户的数据混在一起分析会忽略性别差异带来的特征，符合逻辑。 36．考查形容词。句意：过度依赖历史数据，以及对代表性不足群体的数据不足，常常导致算法出现偏见。空格修饰名词 data，需要形容词；根据后文“造成算法偏见”可知，代表性不足的群体相关数据是不充分的，inadequate 表示“不足的、不充分的”，符合因果逻辑。 37．考查固定短语。句意：伦理上的必要性显而易见：正如作家卡罗琳·克里亚多·佩雷斯所言，女性必须在“只适合男性的世界”的世界中勉强适应，这是错误的。根据句意可知，此处为as sb puts it 是固定表达，意为“正如某人所说”，put在此处表示“表述、说”，句子描述过去的表述，用put 的过去式（形式与原形一致）。 38．考查形容词。句意：然而，避免设计偏见也存在一个强有力的商业理由：大量机遇正在被错失。空格修饰名词business case，需要形容词；后文提到女性占人口一半、主导大部分消费，说明避免设计偏见有非常充分有力的商业理由，powerful表示“有力的、强有力的”。 39．考查名词。句意：早期的语音识别系统难以理解女性的声音，但如今大多数系统已能很好地胜任。根据句意可知，此处为voice recognition system 是固定术语，意为“语音识别系统”，与后文“难以识别女性声音”的语境完全对应。 40．考查动词。句意：早期的语音识别系统难以理解女性的声音，但如今大多数系统已能很好地胜任。空格处是句子谓语，需要动词原形；manage just fine是固定搭配，意为“运作良好、应付自如”，此处表示如今的语音识别系统已经能很好地识别女性声音。 III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A（15’） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, 41 the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the 42 competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology 43 such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once 44 the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more 45 , than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while 46 better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely 47 by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. 48 , prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000 49 for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to 50 . On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to 51 its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local 52 . One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China 53 to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big 54 on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect 55 crowds. 41．A．assembling B．erasing C．navigating D．surrounding 42．A．demanding B．dynamic C．friendly D．intense 43．A．champions B．drivers C．opponents D．sponsors 44．A．disturbed B．dominated C．impacted D．transformed 45．A．cheaply B．conveniently C．sustainably D．widely 46．A．abusing B．boasting C．disrupting D．switching 47．A．controlled B．driven C．parked D．reversed 48．A．Conversely B．Instead C．Besides D．Therefore 49．A．exchanges B．orders C．refunds D．returns 50．A．add up B．cheer up C．catch up D．give up 51．A．acquire B．inquire C．require D．request 52．A．alternatives B．initiatives C．schemes D．varieties 53．A．tributed B．attributed C．contributed D．distributed 54．A．mass B．mess C．miss D．moss 55．A．less calm B．more thrilled C．smarter D．smaller 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．A 54．B 45．A 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．A 53．C 54．C 55．D 【导语】本文围绕2024北京车展展开，介绍中国新能源汽车产业的强劲竞争力、优势及行业价格战带来的影响。 41．考查动词。句意：开展首日，在络绎不绝、渴望一睹展出机械奇观的人流中穿行，需要和穿行在北京拥堵街道上一样的毅力。A. assembling集合；B. erasing清除；C. navigating穿行、应对；D. surrounding包围。根据后文“traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets”可知，此处指在拥挤人流中穿行。 42．考查形容词。句意：所幸，前往展馆的这段路程也有助于人们理解正深刻影响中国汽车行业的激烈竞争。A. demanding苛刻的；B. dynamic动态的；C. friendly友好的；D. intense激烈的。结合下文“powerfully impacting China’s car industry.”推测，汽车行业竞争激烈。 43．考查名词。句意：中国汽车品牌以及华为、小米等本土科技龙头企业，正在逐步取代曾经掌控国内市场的外国车企。A. champions领军者、佼佼者；B. drivers司机；C. opponents对手；D. sponsors赞助商。结合下文“are edging out the foreign manufacturers ”并结合常识可知，华为、小米是国内科技领域的领军企业。 44．考查动词。句意：中国汽车品牌以及华为、小米等本土科技龙头企业，正在逐步取代曾经掌控国内市场的外国车企。A. disturbed打扰；B. dominated掌控、主导；C. impacted影响；D. transformed转变。结合上文“ foreign manufacturers that once”和常识可知，外资车企曾长期占据、主导中国市场。 45．考查副词。句意：中国汽车制造商推出新车型的速度比海外竞争对手更快，成本也更低。A. cheaply廉价地；B. conveniently便利地；C. sustainably可持续地；D. widely广泛地。根据后文“Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones”可知，国产车造车、售车成本更低。 46．考查动词。句意：伯恩斯坦机构认为，中国电动汽车售价仅为欧洲车型的一半，同时坐拥更优质的技术。A. abusing滥用；B. boasting拥有、自诩；C. disrupting扰乱；D. switching转换。根据上文“Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones”和表示对比的while可知，虽然国产车价格便宜但拥有优质的技术。 47．考查动词。句意：在北京，成立三年的合资品牌极越融合了中国第二大车企吉利的造车工艺与国内最大搜索引擎百度的技术，展出了一款可完全通过语音指令与触摸屏操控的时尚车型。A. controlled操控；B. driven驾驶；C. parked停放；D. reversed倒车。根据下文“voice commands and a touchscreen”可知，车辆可通过语音和触屏操控。 48．考查副词。句意：此外，另一款搭载诸多智能技术的高颜值车型小米SU7，起售价也大致处于同一水平。A. Conversely相反地；B. Instead相反；C. Besides此外；D. Therefore因此。前文介绍极越车型售价，此处补充小米车型售价相近，表递进补充，用besides。 49．考查名词。句意：这家智能手机厂商在一个月内就收到了超七万五千份该车订单，占其全年计划产量的一半。A. exchanges交换；B. orders订单；C. refunds退款；D. returns退货。结合前文“The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000”和车企销售语境可知，此处指客户购车订单。故选B。 50．考查动词短语。句意：依赖中国市场获取大量营收和利润的西方企业，迫切想要追赶上来。A. add up合计；B. cheer up振作；C. catch up追赶；D. give up放弃。根据上文“and local technology ____ such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once ____ the domestic market.”可知，中国车企飞速发展，外资车企急需追赶行业发展节奏。 51．考查动词。句意：4月28日，特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克到访北京，与百度签约以获取其地图数据。A. acquire获取、获得；B. inquire询问；C. require需要；D. request请求。根据下文“The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China”推测，特斯拉签约合作是为了获取百度地图数据。 52．考查名词。句意：该协议旨在让这家美国电动车先驱可在中国落地自动驾驶系统，并赢回那些舍弃特斯拉、选择性价比更高、技术更先进的本土替代车型的中国科技爱好者消费者。A. alternatives替代物、备选车型；B. initiatives倡议；C. schemes方案；D. varieties种类。根据上文“ who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper”可知，此处指替代特斯拉的国产汽车。 53．考查动词。句意：中国市场的大幅降价，导致特斯拉第一季度销量和利润双双下滑。A. retributed回报；B. attributed归因于；C. contributed导致、促成；D. distributed分发。根据上文“Steep price cuts”和下文“Tesla’s falling sales and profits”可知，降价导致特斯拉第一季度销量和利润下滑。 54．考查名词。句意：同样大幅降价的比亚迪，同比销量有所上涨，但营收出现显著缺口。A. mass大量；B. mess混乱；C. miss缺失；D. moss苔藓。根据上文“reported rising sales compared with a year ago”和表示转折的but可知，车企降价促销，虽然销量上涨，但营收出现缺口。 55．考查形容词比较级。句意：但别期待届时会出现更少的观展人群。A. less calm更不平静的；B. more thrilled更激动的；C. smarter更聪明的；D. smaller更少的。结合上文“If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai.”推测，虽然参展的车企可能会更少，但观展的人不会少。 Section B（22’） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I have way more mental and physical energy to pursue my dreams when I'm calm and well rested. When I’m exhausted and tired out, I struggle through my day, attending to only the essentials. “Taking care of your body and mind — by getting enough sleep, whole foods and movement — sets a foundation in place,” says Dr Swart, “from which you have far greater ability and energy to build your bigger dreams and projects.” Tip 1 __41__ : Try Yoga Nidra, a guided lying-down meditation (冥想), also known as “yogic deep sleep”, which eases you into complete mental and physical relaxation. For me, just 20 minutes in the middle of my day is a game-changer, especially if I haven’t had enough sleep. There are lots of free practices online. My favourite is Richard Miller’s iRest, available on YouTube. CAUTION: While Yoga Nidra can be a great way to relax, think twice if you’re feeling physically uncomfortable, as the position may worsen your discomfort. Tip 2 WALK: Take a 35-minute walk, ideally before 8 am. Exposure to bright light first thing improves our mood and increases our energy, as does movement. This is especially important in winter, when lower light levels mean our bodies produce more melatonin (which makes us feel sleepier), as well as less serotonin, a mood-boosting chemical. CAUTION: Walking is not recommended if you’re dealing with an injury or are feeling extremely exhausted, as it might put additional stress on your body. Tip 3 COOK: Visit a farmers’ market and see what you're drawn to — perhaps the orange rounds of tomatoes, or the deep green leaves of kale (羽衣甘蓝). If you’re not sure what to cook with your purchases, follow your heart, or search online (or the recipes in your cookbooks) for ideas. As you cook, feel the process: it could be the feel of your knife cutting through potatoes, the smell of sausage, or the sight of dark-purple vegetables transformed into a red soup. CAUTION: Cooking is not the best option if you’re feeling rushed or distracted, as it might cause frustration instead of relaxation. Tip 4 CONNECT: Friendship is fundamental to our physical and mental wellbeing. Connect, via phone or in person, with those friends who are your supporters; the ones who believe in you and are cheering for you to realise your dreams. And dare to share these with them. CAUTION: If you’re emotionally drained or needing time to recharge, it might not be the best moment to have deep or demanding conversations. 56．What is the passage mainly intended to do? A．To introduce some useful health products. B．To present four stages of achieving dreams. C．To provide guidance on how to care for ourselves. D．To highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle. 57．Which of the following words best fills in the blank of the passage? A．PRACTICE. B．REST. C．TRAVEL. D．NURSE. 58．John is a customer service manager of a shopping mall. For a whole day, he answered numerous phone calls and rushed to different spots in the mall to handle various emergencies and customer complaints. After a day of work, he felt tired out, hoping to enjoy his own personal life. Which two tips may work for John best? A．Tip 1 and Tip 3.B．Tip 1 and Tip 2. C．Tip 3 and Tip 4. D．Tip 2 and Tip 4. 【答案】56．C 57．B 58．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四种关爱身心的实用技巧，帮助人们积累能量、更好地追逐梦想。 56．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Taking care of your body and mind — by getting enough sleep, whole foods and movement — sets a foundation in place,” says Dr Swart, “from which you have far greater ability and energy to build your bigger dreams and projects.”(斯沃特博士说：“通过充足睡眠、摄入天然食物和坚持运动来关爱自己的身心，会为你打下坚实的基础，在此之上，你将拥有更强的能力和更多的能量去构建更宏大的梦想和项目。”)”可知，文章围绕“关爱身心”展开，下文给出具体技巧，核心目的是提供相关指导。故选C项。 57．推理判断题。根据Tip 1中的“Try Yoga Nidra, a guided lying-down meditation (冥想), also known as “yogic deep sleep”, which eases you into complete mental and physical relaxation.(尝试瑜伽休息术（Yoga Nidra），这是一种引导式的仰卧冥想，也被称为“瑜伽深度睡眠”，能让你进入全身心完全放松的状态。)”可知，该技巧核心是通过冥想实现休息放松。所以空处填REST。故选B项。 58．推理判断题。根据Tip 1中的“eases you into complete mental and physical relaxation(让你进入全身心完全放松的状态)”和“For me, just 20 minutes in the middle of my day is a gamechanger, especially if I haven’t had enough sleep(对我来说，白天20分钟就能带来巨大改变，尤其睡眠不足时)”可知休息缓解疲惫；根据Tip 3中的“feel the process: it could be the feel of your knife cutting through potatoes, the smell of sausage, or the sight of dark-purple vegetables transformed into a red soup(感受过程：可能是切土豆的触感、香肠的香气或蔬菜熬汤的景象)”，可知烹饪能让他专注个人体验，符合“享受个人生活”需求。所以Tip 1 和Tip 3最适合John。故选A项。 (B) I’m not an early adopter of new technologies but I am a self-interested economic actor. I’m also under a tight deadline on my next book project. So, I decided to use this opportunity to see how much artificial intelligence could do for me as an author. Could I outsource some of my book writing to AI? Would anyone notice the difference? The short answer is no, I can’t, and yes, they absolutely would. Over the past few weeks, I’ve run trials with what ChatGPT can and can’t do creatively by pretending to be me. While the technology is constantly evolving, what I’ve seen so far has made me much more confident that my own job as an opinion columnist — which involves data procurement and analysis but also personal style, emotional acuity and a lot of on-the-ground reporting — won’t be technologically disintermediated anytime soon. I started by giving ChatGPT Plus a road map of how to work in collaboration on a book, a template (模板) developed by a technologist. The template laid out in detail what long-form narrative writing is and how to expand on an author’s existing ideas. I was amazed by how much preparation is required just to get ChatGPT to understand the basics. LLMs can give you answers to precise questions, but they don’t necessarily understand how to land on tone, style, tension or originality, nor do they have the power to benefit from serendipity, all of which are components of good writing. ChatGPT took about 48 hours to churn out a first chapter of my own 33-year body of work, a detailed book proposal with footnotes, a chapter outline of where I wanted to go, taped interviews with sources and plentiful background reading selected by me. Sadly, what I got back was a kind of Muzak version of myself — predigested, relatively accurate, but thoroughly uninspired. This result was both amusing and depressing. Within it, though, were some telling details about how this AI model works. For starters, it’s sycophantic (阿谀奉承的). In the early days, when I was excited about the possibilities, it got very chummy with me. Later, after I told it that it was fired, it became flat. All a reflection of me, which makes me think AI has a better future in therapy than creative writing. 59．What is the author’s primary motivation for conducting the experiment with AI? A．To prove that AI cannot replace human writers under any circumstances. B．To satisfy his curiosity as an early adopter of cutting-edge technology. C．To explore whether AI could assist him in meeting a pressing professional commitment. D．To demonstrate the superior creative capabilities of large language models. 60．The author describes the AI-generated chapter as a “Muzak version of myself.” What does this metaphor most likely imply? A．The output was highly original and pleasant. B．The output was a flavorless, impersonal imitation of his style. C．The output was technically complex but emotionally engaging. D．The output was completely accurate and relevant to the topic. 61．Based on the author’s experience, what potential application does he suggest for generative language AI? A．Replacing human writers in generating long-form narrative content. B．Serving as a sole creator without human intervention. C．Functioning effectively in fields like therapeutic dialogue. D．Conducting on-the-ground reporting and data procurement. 62．What is the author’s attitude towards using AI for creative writing based on the passage? A．Enthusiastic support due to its efficiency in generating original content. B．Complete rejection based on its inability to process factual information. C．Pessimism due to contradictory performance in different creative domains. D．Cautious acknowledgement of limitations while recognizing potential in specific areas. 【答案】59．C 60．B 61．C 62．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过试验探讨人工智能在写作领域的应用与局限。 59．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I’m also under a tight deadline on my next book project. So, I decided to use this opportunity to see how much artificial intelligence could do for me as an author.(我的下一本书项目也有一个紧迫的截止日期。所以，我决定利用这个机会看看人工智能作为作者能为我做些什么。)”可知，作者进行人工智能实验的主要动机是探索人工智能是否能帮助他完成紧迫的职业任务。故选C。 60．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Sadly, what I got back was a kind of Muzak version of myself — predigested, relatively accurate, but thoroughly uninspired.(遗憾的是，我得到的却是一种“Muzak版”的自己——预先消化过，相对准确，但毫无灵感。)”可知，作者将人工智能生成的章节描述为“Muzak版的自己”，这个比喻最可能意味着输出内容是缺乏个性、没有灵感的模仿。故选B。 61．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“All a reflection of me, which makes me think AI has a better future in therapy than creative writing.(所有这些都在反映我的情绪，这让我觉得：AI 在心理治疗领域的前景，可能比在创意写作领域更好。)”可知，根据作者的经验，他建议生成式语言人工智能在心理治疗对话等领域有效发挥作用。故选C。 62．推理判断题。根据第一段中“While the technology is constantly evolving, what I’ve seen so far has made me much more confident that my own job as an opinion columnist — which involves data procurement and analysis but also personal style, emotional acuity and a lot of on-the-ground reporting — won’t be technologically disintermediated anytime soon.(虽然这项技术不断发展，但到目前为止，我所看到的一切让我更加确信，我作为评论专栏作家的工作——包括数据采集和分析，还包括个人风格、情感敏锐度和大量实地报道——不会在短期内被技术取代。)”以及最后一段中“All a reflection of me, which makes me think AI has a better future in therapy than creative writing.(这一切都反映了我自己，这让我觉得人工智能在治疗方面的未来比创意写作更好。)”可知，作者对人工智能在创意写作方面的态度是谨慎地承认其局限性，同时认识到在特定领域的潜力。故选D。 (C) A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain. Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) — located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people — increases food intake in mice. In these foundational studies, this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics, which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region. But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function, Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes — sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala, and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST, sometimes called the “extended amygdala”. This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes. But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured, salty or bitter, despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments, the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice, respectively, compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels. This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency, in addition to taste, to determine food intake, says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people, as our BNST is very similar to that of mice, says Cai. They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite, he says. However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments, such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. These can bind to neurons in the BNST, so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work, says Sarah Stern. 63．What was previously unknown about the BNST? A．Its location in the human brain B．Whether it receives taste signals C．Its function of increasing mice’s food intake D．The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 64．What did the genetic engineering of mice’s BNST neurons reveal? A．Mice consume more of any water, regardless of the taste. B．Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C．The BNST has no connection to the amygdala’s taste-related neurons. D．Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation. 65．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B．The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C．Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D．Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 66．Which title best fits the passage? A．Area of brain behind food urges identified B．New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C．How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D．Mice experiments: unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance 【答案】63．B 64．B 65．C 66．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了科研人员通过小鼠实验，发现终纹床核（BNST）这一大脑结构会接收味觉信号，整合饥饿、营养缺乏与味觉信息来调控进食量，该发现有望研发改善食欲、减重的相关药物，同时指出单独靶向该脑区存在局限。 63．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity.(但当时人们并不清楚味觉是否会影响它的活动。)”以及原文第四段“This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona.(亚利桑那大学的Haijiang Cai表示，这是首个证明该脑区能接收味觉信号的证据。)”可知，此前人们不清楚 BNST是否接收味觉信号。 64．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water.(随后研究人员想要弄清楚这些被激活的终纹床核神经元是否会影响进食量，于是他们对这些细胞进行了基因改造，让小鼠尝到甜味水时，这类神经元不会被激活。)”及“Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes.(在十分钟的观察期内，这些小鼠的饮用量远低于正常小鼠，这说明BNST神经元的激活会促进小鼠摄入甜味食物。)”可知，当这些神经元无法被激活时，小鼠饮用的甜味水更少。 65．细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段“However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says.(Cai表示，有十余条大脑通路都和进食行为相关，其中部分通路可能会抵消药物长期作用于BNST带来的改变，因此我们或许需要同时靶向多条进食相关神经回路。)”可知，使用激活BNST的药物需要结合靶向其他大脑进食回路的手段。 66．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona.(亚利桑那大学的Haijiang Cai表示，这是首个证明该脑区能接收味觉信号的证据。)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕大脑BNST区域展开，阐述该脑区是调控进食欲望的关键结构，介绍相关小鼠实验、作用机制与临床应用前景，对应标题“Area of brain behind food urges identified (调控进食欲望的大脑区域被证实)” 最贴合全文核心内容。 Section C（8’） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion (拥堵). “ 67 ” says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails. 68 They found that the ants don’t jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed up to pass others. 69 But self-driving cars, if they one day become widespread, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision  of this future, autonomous vehicles would  share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,” says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be“very, very strong and resilient”, Nishinari says. Today’s drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: “don’t tailgate (尾随).” By leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. 70 “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. A．It’s a kind of phase transition, like water turning from liquid to solid. B．They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. C．Drivers often follow ants’ behavior when the highway is busy. D．However, human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E．Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group. F．Without this space, the wave would grow into a full “fake” traffic jam. 【答案】67．A 68．B 69．D 70．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了研究人员通过研究蚂蚁的协作策略，探索解决自动驾驶汽车拥堵问题的方法。 67．上文“The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion (拥堵). (随着高速公路上车流量密度增加，交通的顺畅流动会变得不稳定。当每车道每英里有15辆车时，一名司机踩刹车就能引发持续的拥堵波)”描述了交通拥堵的形成过程，下文是东京大学数学物理学家Katsuhiro Nishinari对这种拥堵转变的解读。A选项“这是一种相变，就像水从液态变成固态”承接上文的“拥堵波”，用类比解释了这种交通状态的转变，符合语境。故选A。 68．上文“In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails. (在《交通研究跨学科视角》上发表的一项近期研究中，研究人员记录了觅食蚂蚁的行进轨迹)”介绍了研究中“记录蚂蚁轨迹”的步骤，下文“They found that the ants don’t jam at rush hour (他们发现蚂蚁在高峰时段不会拥堵)”是研究发现。B选项“然后他们用交通工程模型分析蚂蚁的移动方式”衔接上文的“记录轨迹”和下文的“得出结论”，补充了研究的中间步骤，符合语境。故选B。 69．下文“But self-driving cars, if they one day become widespread, could have more cooperative programming. (但如果自动驾驶汽车有朝一日普及，它们可以有协作性更强的程序设计)”通过but转折，引出自动驾驶汽车的优势。D选项“然而，高峰时段的人类司机不太可能遵守这样的规则”先说明人类司机的不足，与下文自动驾驶汽车的“协作性”形成对比，符合语境。故选D。 70．上文“By leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. (通过在车与前车之间留出空间，司机可以在拥堵交通中缓冲刹车波)”强调留空间的作用，下文““Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. (他说：“保持距离”有助于交通顺畅)”进一步说明该做法的效果。F选项“没有这个空间，刹车波会演变成一场完全的“假性”拥堵)”从反面补充了“不留空间”的后果，呼应上文“留空间”的重要性，符合语境。故选F。 V. Summary writing (10’) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleeping makes Idea Work? Here’s what Science says Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs? Inventors like Thomas Edison and artists such as Salvador Dali believed so. Now, science is starting to back them up. Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep. The first stage of sleep, called N1 or hypnagogia, only lasts 1-7 minutes. It’s a border between sleeping and waking, where we have vivid, dream-like thoughts that mix with our recent experiences. Brain studies show that during N1, parts of the brain linked to free thinking are active, which are important for creativity. A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem, people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. Similarly, another experiment used a sound to tell people to “think of a tree” when they were sleeping. The group that was woken up during N1 stage did 48% better on creativity tasks like thinking of uses for a tree This highlights N1’s unique role in stimulating innovation through its mixing state of relaxed focus. Scientists say different sleep stages might help different kinds of thinking, and the lines between stages aren’t perfect. But for everyday use, experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep, don’t get up immediately. Instead, close your eyes and try to remember your dreams, the sounds you heard, or the images you saw. This lets the brain’s “sleep chemistry” stay a bit longer, helping you explore new ideas. In short, the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest — it could be a door to creativity. Science is now proving what Edison and Dali seemed to know: sleep can help us see things in new ways. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 71.【答案】Scientific research confirms that sleep fuels creative breakthroughs, a view shared by Edison and Dali. The brief N1 sleep stage, the transition between wakefulness and sleep, activates brain areas linked to free thinking. Studies show people in this stage perform far better in creative tasks. Experts suggest lingering briefly after waking to sustain this creative effect. 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了爱迪生、达利等名人认为睡眠有助创新，科学证实浅睡N1阶段活跃自由思维，大幅提升创意能力，专家建议醒后静卧片刻留住灵感。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs? Inventors like Thomas Edison and artists such as Salvador Dali believed so. ②Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep. The first stage of sleep, called N1 or hypnagogia, only lasts 1-7 minutes. ③A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem, people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. ④But for everyday use, experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep, don’t get up immediately. ⑤In short, the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest--- it could be a door to creativity. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4整合为两种具体策略，第5点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 Scientific research has confirmed that sleep can facilitate creative breakthroughs, and this view has also been endorsed by Edison and Dali.. The brief N1 sleep stage is a transitional period between wakefulness and sleep, which activates brain regions related to free thinking. Experts suggest that taking a short break after waking up can help maintain this creative effect. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Scientific research confirms that sleep fuels creative breakthroughs, a view shared by Edison and Dali.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及过去分词作后置定语修饰a view） [高分句型2] Studies show people in this stage perform far better in creative tasks.（运用了省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句） VI. Translation (15’) 72．她轻巧的动作流畅从未不让人惊叹。（amaze）（译英） ________________________________________________________________________ 72.【答案】Her light and smooth movements never fail to amaze people. 【详解】“她”表达为形容词性物主代词her，“轻巧的”表达为形容词light and smooth，“动作流程”表达为名词movements，作主语；“她轻巧的动作流程”整体为Her light and smooth movements ；“从未”表达为副词never，置于实义动词之前，起强调作用；“让……失望”结合提示词amaze，表达为固定结构fail to amaze，其中fail表达为动词，作谓语，amaze表达为动词，置于不定式符号to之后；“人们”表达为名词people，作amaze的宾语，结合“从未”以及句意可知，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，never置于fail之前构成否定，与fail to amaze形成双重否定，表达肯定含义“总是让人惊叹”。 73．虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) ________________________________________________________________ 73.【答案】Though I complained that he was getting in my way, he took no notice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen. 【详解】考查让步状语从句。“虽然”应用连词though引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，从句主语“我”I，谓语动词表示“抱怨”用动词complain，句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式，其后接that引导的宾语从句，表示“碍手碍脚”用短语get in one’s way，用过去进行时，表达过去习惯性的动作及说话者的情绪，故从句译为he was getting in my way；表示“毫不计较”用短语take no notice，一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式took，故译为he took no notice；用and连接并列谓语动词，表示“心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房”可用helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly或者was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen。故翻译为Though I complained that he was getting in my way, he took no notice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen. 74．领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。 (present; pave) ________________________________________________________________________ 74.【答案】The leader attended the ceremony and presented medals to all soldiers and pioneers present to promote patriotism and pave the way for a bright future. 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“领导人”为名词The leader；表示“出席仪式”应为动词短语attend the ceremony；表示“给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章”应为动词短语present medals to all soldiers and pioneers present；后接动词不定式to do作目的状语，表示“弘扬爱国精神”应为动词短语promote patriotism；表示“为美好未来奠基”应为动词短语pave the way for a bright future；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。 75．求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。（prove; rate） ________________________________________________________________________ 75.【答案】Seeking common ground while reserving differences has proved to be the golden rule for handling diplomatic relations, and is also rated as the optimal way to pursue fairness and justice and maintain world peace and stability. 【详解】“求同”表达为seek common ground，“存异”表达为 reserve differences，整体表达为seek common ground while reserving differences，其中while为连词，用其省结构while doing，整体作主语，因此seek 用动名词形式seeking；“被证明是”结合提示词prove，表达为prove to be，prove作谓语动词，根据句意“已经被证明”，用现在完成时，主动形式表被动含义，且主语是单数，因此表达为has proved to be；“黄金法则”表达为名词短语the golden rule，作表语；“处理外交关系的”表达为介词短语for handling diplomatic relations，作后置定语修饰golden rule；“也”表达为副词also，置于be动词之后；“被认为是”结合提示词rate，表达为be rated as，rate作谓语动词，此处是一种现存的客观事实和普遍看法，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，因此表达为is also rated ；“最优方式”表达为名词短语the optimal way，作表语；“追求公平和正义”表达为不定式短语to pursue fairness and justice，作后置定语修饰way；“维护世界和平和稳定”表达为不定式短语（to）maintain world peace and stability，与前面的to pursue并列共用不定式符号to，作后置定语修饰way；整句由and连接两个并列谓语。 VII. Guided writing (25’) Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校计划举办“大视野”讲座，主题分别为：“古往今来的中国语言”（Chinese Language: From Ancient Times to the Present）和“脑科学的回顾与发展”（Brain Science: Looking Back and Moving Forward）。每位同学可选择一场参加，请向学校写一封邮件报名，内容需包括： 1．你选择的主题； 2．选择该主题的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Hua from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to sign up for one of the lectures in the “Broad Vision” event. The theme I’ve chosen is “Chinese Language: From Ancient Times to the Present.” Language is the soul of a culture, and I’m deeply interested in how the Chinese language has evolved over thousands of years while still keeping its unique characteristics. Understanding this topic will help me appreciate the wisdom of ancient people and improve my own language skills. Also, as China plays an important role in the world today, knowing more about the history of our language can help us better share our culture with others. I believe this lecture will be both educational and inspiring. Thank you for organizing such a meaningful event. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以明启中学学生李华的身份向学校写一封邮件，报名参加“大视野”讲座中的一场，并阐述选择该主题的理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 报名：sign up for→register for 主题：theme→topic 独特的：unique→distinct 鼓舞人心的：inspiring→encouraging 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I believe this lecture will be both educational and inspiring. 拓展句：I hold the belief that this lecture will be both educational and inspiring. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The theme I’ve chosen is “Chinese Language: From Ancient Times to the Present.”（运用了省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词theme） 【高分句型2】Language is the soul of a culture, and I’m deeply interested in how the Chinese language has evolved over thousands of years while still keeping its unique characteristics.（运用了how引导的宾语从句以及状语从句中的省略结构） 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $When listening comprehension section a short conversations directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation in the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, how much are the roses? Thirty dollars a dozen. But I can give you a ten percent discount. They're on sale today. Question, how much should the man pay for a dozen roses? Two, take two pills three times a day, and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach. What if I don't have an appetite question? What does the man imply? Three, professor Jones, last night, when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper, there was suddenly a power failure. Do you think I can have another day to retype IT? I'm sorry, Stephen. I'm leaving for a conference tomorrow and i'll be away for two weeks. I suppose you could mail IT to me . there question, what will the professor probably allow the student to do? For i'm having trouble fitting into my genes. Looks like i'll have to get some new ones. But you wouldn't . have to do that if you just cut down on what you eat. Question, what does the woman imply the man should do? Five, i'm having trouble drawing the models right ARM. To get the . perspective you want, you need to use what we call for shorting here. Give me your pencil question. What will the woman most probably do next? Six, how are you getting on with your experiment? In spite . of my continuous failure, I have already made some progress. And how does the woman feel about her experiment? Seven, i'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the baggage counter. Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving . her a hand question. What does the man mean? eight. I guess all our colleagues are participating in this training program. I am not quite sure not everyone has given a definite reply in their emails to me. Question, what does the woman mean? Nine, we've got to be in chin chin by saturday. We could take the train, but we'll have to change a few times. A direct flight would be a lot less complicated and maybe . even cheaper. Question, what does the woman mean? Ten, miss, can you give me change for a dollar so that I can make a phone call at the call box? Sorry, sir, I am not allowed to give change without a purchase, but you'll find a change machine in front of the jewelry store. Question, in which situation can the woman give the man some change? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages in the conversation. The passages in the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Victor Green and american architect revolutionized shopping in the thousand nine hundred and fifties by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a shopping mall. Greens aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in the suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with. But placed in landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed and often covered with a curved glass roof, this was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centers. But while these houses only small specialty shops, Greens shopping mall were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking area outside. As there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors, and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities, shopping mls now contain much more than your shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity. Now listen again. Victor Green in american architect revolutionized shopping in the one thousand nine hundred and fifties by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a shopping mall. Greens aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in the suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with, but place them in landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed in, often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centers, but while these housed only small specialty shops, Greens shopping mall were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking area outside, as there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors, and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities, shopping mls now contain much more than just shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity. Questions eleven, what is the passage mainly about. Twelve, which of the following is true according to Victor Greens idea of shopping mls? Thirteen、why did shops and balls no longer need windows and doors? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Many people would agree that the london underground map is extremely well designed. IT is not only simple and easy to understand, but also quite attractive. And most importantly, IT performs its primary test of guiding both londoners and tourists round the underground system in the city very well. The men behind this great achievement was called Henry back. He was an employee of the london underground drawing office and first came up with his design for the map in nineteen thirty one. The map, which had been in use before one hundred and thirty one, was messy and unclear that decided that a traditional map, which give accurate information about distance was not necessary for the underground and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public when in nineteen thirty three, IT made its person appearance on underground platforms and at station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because IT provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Bex approach was later adopted by most of the world's underground system. Now listen again, many people would agree that the london underground map is extremely well designed. IT is not only simple and easy to understand, but also quite attractive, and most importantly, IT performs its primary test of guiding both londoners and tours round the underground system in the city very well. The men behind this great achievement was called Henry back. He was an employee of the london underground drawing office and first came up with his design for the map in one nine thirty one. The map, which had been in use before one thousand thirty one, was messy and unclear. Beck decided that a traditional map which give access information about distance was not necessary for the underground, and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public when in one thousand thirty three, IT made its person appearance on underground platforms and that station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because IT provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Bex approach was later adopted by most of the world's underground system. Questions fourteen, what is the passage mainly about? Fifteen, which element of the old map didn't appear on Henry bx map? Sixteen, what does the speaker think of the design of the map? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Two members of the animal defense group, the AD, G, are suspected of being involved in an attack on a medical research laboratory last night. Today, i'm joined in the studio by mick David's son, who is also a member of the AD. G. In their spokesperson. Good morning. Good morning. How can you possibly justify the actions of your colleagues who broke into the lab last night and caused such criminal damage? Well, you say it's criminal damage, but using animals and experiments is a crime. You mean destroying the equipment used to help find cures for diseases isn't a crime? Yes, IT is a crime in the eyes of the law. But the reason we do that is to make IT really expensive for the firms to use animals and experiments. They might think it's too expensive to set up the experiment all over again. I see. So you completely support this kind of direct action. absolutely. Direct action is one of the many things you can do to highlight the cause of animals suffering. However, there are also completely peaceful ways of protesting. For example, i'm a vegetarian and I don't buy anything that has been tested on animals. And have you yourself been involved in any type of illegal action? Yes, I poured red paint over fur coats in a close shop, and i've been involved in an attack on a laboratory. What happened at the laboratory? We broken and look for evidence of the animal cruelty involved. The evidence we found actually put a stop the research in that particular laboratory, because IT wasn't being conducted in an acceptable way. There are rules to be obeyed, even for animal testing, and we found that the scientists were not following these rules. But this sort of violence just gives the animal rights movement a bad name. Doesn't IT. We don't agree with violence. Yes, we make life as difficult as possible for the scientist, but we don't aim to hurt them where people have been accidentally injured, we have apologized as harming people is not our intention. I'll have to stop you there, mr. David's son. Thank you for coming in. Now listen again. Two members of . the animal defense group, the A, D, G, are suspected of being involved in an attack on a medical research laboratory last night. Today, i'm joined in the studio by mick David's son, who is also a member of the ADG, in their spokesperson. Good morning. Good morning. How can you possibly justify the actions of your colleagues who broke into the lab last night and caused such criminal damage? Well, you see, it's criminal damage, but using animals in experiments is a crime. You mean destroying the equipment used to help find cures for diseases isn't a crime? Yes, IT is a crime in the ice of the law. But the reason we do that is to make IT really expensive for the firms to use animals and experiments. They might think it's too expensive to set up the experiment . all over again. I see. So you completely support this kind of direct action. absolutely. Direct action is one of the many things you can do to highlight the cause of animal suffering. However, there are also completely peaceful ways of protesting. For example, i'm a vegetarian and I don't buy anything that has been tested on animals. And have you yourself been involved in any type of illegal action? Yes, I poured red paint over fur coats in a close shop, and i've been involved in an attack on a laboratory. What happened at the laboratory? We broken and look for evidence of the animal cruelty involved. The evidence we found actually put a stop to the research in that particular laboratory because IT wasn't being conducted in an acceptable way. There are rules to be obeyed, even for animal testing. And we found that the scientists were not following these rules. But this sort of violence just gives the animal rights movement a bad name. Doesn't IT. We don't agree with violence. Yes, we make life as difficult as possible for the scientists, but we don't aim to hurt them where people have been accidentally injured. We have apologized as harming people is not our intention. I'll have to stop you there, mister David's son. Thank you for coming in questions. Seventeen, what is the A, D, G. Intended to do? Eighteen, according to the men, why did the A, D, G, members destroy the . lab equipment? Nineteen, why did the scientist stop the research after the main in his colleague broke into their lab? Twenty, what does the man say about the band name? The A, D, G action has given to the animal rights movement. That's the end of listening comprehensions. 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（沪外版） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3．难度系数：0.65。 4. 测试范围：选择性必修一Unit 1 ~ Unit 3（沪外版） 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension（25’） Section A（10’） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. $30. B. $27. C. $20. D. $10. 2. A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills. C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food. 3. A. Post her the paper after the deadline. B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later. D. Complete the course without handing in the paper. 4. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes. C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better. 5. A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm. C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique. 6. A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual. 7. A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter. B He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase. 8. A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training. C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D. Employees are all required to receive the training. 9. A. She would rather take a direct train. B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing. C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes. D. Taking an airplane might be more practical. 10. A. If he has more than a dollar. B. If he makes a phone call first. C. If he finds the change machine. D. If he buys something from her. Section B（15’） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The origin of shopping malls. B. The location of shopping malls. C. The inventor of shopping malls. D. The prospect of shopping malls. 12. A. They were roofless buildings. B. They mainly housed specialty shops. C. They had a certain kind of landscape. D. They provided indoor parking service. 13. A. People loved wandering from shop to shop. B. The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather. C. Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D. Malls could contain much more than just shops. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. How the London Underground system developed. B. What the London Underground Drawing office did. C. What the London Underground platforms were like. D. How the London Underground map came into being. 15. A. Accurate information about distance. B. Time of the first and the last trains. C. The number of station entrances. D. Locations of the stations. 16. A. Original and clear. B. Simple but advanced. C. Attractive but misleading. D. Old-fashioned and complex. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To fight against violent action. B. To explore new ways of studying animals. C. To stop animal being used for medical research. D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals. 18. A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law D. The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19. A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen B Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules. C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20. A. It is not their original intention. B. It does bring them much trouble. C. It has made their life difficult. D. It is what they apologise for. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A（10’） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It Has Pockets! As a young girl, Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees, and didn’t understand why she couldn’t wear pants with pockets like her brothers. At summer camp, she hated swimming in the full-stockings women 21 (expect) to wear, so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, even though she knew she 22 (get) in trouble. McCardell made a career out of asking such questions, and helped transform American fashion in the process, as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography, Claire McCardell: The Designer Who Set Women Free. Almost a century later, “we owe much of 23 hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell,” Dickinson writes, and yet she is not 24 the fashion figures “we all remember”. That’s an understatement. Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement. She rejected anything 25 (restrict) — even when Christian Dior burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists. Dior described women as flowers, to be admired and plucked. McCardell saw women as doers, and designed accordingly. 26 McCardell was really “the designer who set women free” in a broader sense is a more complicated question. During her lifetime, women certainly gained freedom: more casual and comfortable options; and in general, more choice about how they might acceptably present 27 to the world. The main reason McCardell isn’t well-known globally is that, unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn’t name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death. Dior also died at 52, just a few months before McCardell, 28 (appoint) Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field. In 2021, her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park, with 29 to honor her influence on fashion. She sits in her typical posture, confident and at ease. It’s striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed; she’s not staring at the horizon 30 preparing to give an official address. She looks, above all, comfortable. Section B（10’） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address   B．put   C． generation   D．inadequate  E. infected   F. isolated     G. manage   H. mixing  I. powerful   J. recognition  K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products 31 with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default 32 . This is not a(n) 33 example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding — and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or 34 needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but 35 all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and 36 data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, 37 it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) 38 business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice- 39 systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now 40 just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A（15’） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, 41 the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the 42 competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology 43 such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once 44 the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more 45 , than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while 46 better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely 47 by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. 48 , prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000 49 for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to 50 . On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to 51 its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local 52 . One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China 53 to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big 54 on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect 55 crowds. 41．A．assembling B．erasing C．navigating D．surrounding 42．A．demanding B．dynamic C．friendly D．intense 43．A．champions B．drivers C．opponents D．sponsors 44．A．disturbed B．dominated C．impacted D．transformed 45．A．cheaply B．conveniently C．sustainably D．widely 46．A．abusing B．boasting C．disrupting D．switching 47．A．controlled B．driven C．parked D．reversed 48．A．Conversely B．Instead C．Besides D．Therefore 49．A．exchanges B．orders C．refunds D．returns 50．A．add up B．cheer up C．catch up D．give up 51．A．acquire B．inquire C．require D．request 52．A．alternatives B．initiatives C．schemes D．varieties 53．A．tributed B．attributed C．contributed D．distributed 54．A．mass B．mess C．miss D．moss 55．A．less calm B．more thrilled C．smarter D．smaller Section B（22’） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I have way more mental and physical energy to pursue my dreams when I'm calm and well rested. When I’m exhausted and tired out, I struggle through my day, attending to only the essentials. “Taking care of your body and mind — by getting enough sleep, whole foods and movement — sets a foundation in place,” says Dr Swart, “from which you have far greater ability and energy to build your bigger dreams and projects.” Tip 1 __41__ : Try Yoga Nidra, a guided lying-down meditation (冥想), also known as “yogic deep sleep”, which eases you into complete mental and physical relaxation. For me, just 20 minutes in the middle of my day is a game-changer, especially if I haven’t had enough sleep. There are lots of free practices online. My favourite is Richard Miller’s iRest, available on YouTube. CAUTION: While Yoga Nidra can be a great way to relax, think twice if you’re feeling physically uncomfortable, as the position may worsen your discomfort. Tip 2 WALK: Take a 35-minute walk, ideally before 8 am. Exposure to bright light first thing improves our mood and increases our energy, as does movement. This is especially important in winter, when lower light levels mean our bodies produce more melatonin (which makes us feel sleepier), as well as less serotonin, a mood-boosting chemical. CAUTION: Walking is not recommended if you’re dealing with an injury or are feeling extremely exhausted, as it might put additional stress on your body. Tip 3 COOK: Visit a farmers’ market and see what you're drawn to — perhaps the orange rounds of tomatoes, or the deep green leaves of kale (羽衣甘蓝). If you’re not sure what to cook with your purchases, follow your heart, or search online (or the recipes in your cookbooks) for ideas. As you cook, feel the process: it could be the feel of your knife cutting through potatoes, the smell of sausage, or the sight of dark-purple vegetables transformed into a red soup. CAUTION: Cooking is not the best option if you’re feeling rushed or distracted, as it might cause frustration instead of relaxation. Tip 4 CONNECT: Friendship is fundamental to our physical and mental wellbeing. Connect, via phone or in person, with those friends who are your supporters; the ones who believe in you and are cheering for you to realise your dreams. And dare to share these with them. CAUTION: If you’re emotionally drained or needing time to recharge, it might not be the best moment to have deep or demanding conversations. 56．What is the passage mainly intended to do? A．To introduce some useful health products. B．To present four stages of achieving dreams. C．To provide guidance on how to care for ourselves. D．To highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle. 57．Which of the following words best fills in the blank of the passage? A．PRACTICE. B．REST. C．TRAVEL. D．NURSE. 58．John is a customer service manager of a shopping mall. For a whole day, he answered numerous phone calls and rushed to different spots in the mall to handle various emergencies and customer complaints. After a day of work, he felt tired out, hoping to enjoy his own personal life. Which two tips may work for John best? A．Tip 1 and Tip 3.B．Tip 1 and Tip 2. C．Tip 3 and Tip 4. D．Tip 2 and Tip 4. (B) I’m not an early adopter of new technologies but I am a self-interested economic actor. I’m also under a tight deadline on my next book project. So, I decided to use this opportunity to see how much artificial intelligence could do for me as an author. Could I outsource some of my book writing to AI? Would anyone notice the difference? The short answer is no, I can’t, and yes, they absolutely would. Over the past few weeks, I’ve run trials with what ChatGPT can and can’t do creatively by pretending to be me. While the technology is constantly evolving, what I’ve seen so far has made me much more confident that my own job as an opinion columnist — which involves data procurement and analysis but also personal style, emotional acuity and a lot of on-the-ground reporting — won’t be technologically disintermediated anytime soon. I started by giving ChatGPT Plus a road map of how to work in collaboration on a book, a template (模板) developed by a technologist. The template laid out in detail what long-form narrative writing is and how to expand on an author’s existing ideas. I was amazed by how much preparation is required just to get ChatGPT to understand the basics. LLMs can give you answers to precise questions, but they don’t necessarily understand how to land on tone, style, tension or originality, nor do they have the power to benefit from serendipity, all of which are components of good writing. ChatGPT took about 48 hours to churn out a first chapter of my own 33-year body of work, a detailed book proposal with footnotes, a chapter outline of where I wanted to go, taped interviews with sources and plentiful background reading selected by me. Sadly, what I got back was a kind of Muzak version of myself — predigested, relatively accurate, but thoroughly uninspired. This result was both amusing and depressing. Within it, though, were some telling details about how this AI model works. For starters, it’s sycophantic (阿谀奉承的). In the early days, when I was excited about the possibilities, it got very chummy with me. Later, after I told it that it was fired, it became flat. All a reflection of me, which makes me think AI has a better future in therapy than creative writing. 59．What is the author’s primary motivation for conducting the experiment with AI? A．To prove that AI cannot replace human writers under any circumstances. B．To satisfy his curiosity as an early adopter of cutting-edge technology. C．To explore whether AI could assist him in meeting a pressing professional commitment. D．To demonstrate the superior creative capabilities of large language models. 60．The author describes the AI-generated chapter as a “Muzak version of myself.” What does this metaphor most likely imply? A．The output was highly original and pleasant. B．The output was a flavorless, impersonal imitation of his style. C．The output was technically complex but emotionally engaging. D．The output was completely accurate and relevant to the topic. 61．Based on the author’s experience, what potential application does he suggest for generative language AI? A．Replacing human writers in generating long-form narrative content. B．Serving as a sole creator without human intervention. C．Functioning effectively in fields like therapeutic dialogue. D．Conducting on-the-ground reporting and data procurement. 62．What is the author’s attitude towards using AI for creative writing based on the passage? A．Enthusiastic support due to its efficiency in generating original content. B．Complete rejection based on its inability to process factual information. C．Pessimism due to contradictory performance in different creative domains. D．Cautious acknowledgement of limitations while recognizing potential in specific areas. (C) A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain. Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) — located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people — increases food intake in mice. In these foundational studies, this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics, which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region. But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function, Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes — sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala, and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST, sometimes called the “extended amygdala”. This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes. But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured, salty or bitter, despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments, the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice, respectively, compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels. This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency, in addition to taste, to determine food intake, says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people, as our BNST is very similar to that of mice, says Cai. They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite, he says. However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments, such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. These can bind to neurons in the BNST, so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work, says Sarah Stern. 63．What was previously unknown about the BNST? A．Its location in the human brain B．Whether it receives taste signals C．Its function of increasing mice’s food intake D．The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 64．What did the genetic engineering of mice’s BNST neurons reveal? A．Mice consume more of any water, regardless of the taste. B．Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C．The BNST has no connection to the amygdala’s taste-related neurons. D．Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation. 65．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B．The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C．Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D．Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 66．Which title best fits the passage? A．Area of brain behind food urges identified B．New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C．How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D．Mice experiments: unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance Section C（8’） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion (拥堵). “ 67 ” says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails. 68 They found that the ants don’t jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed up to pass others. 69 But self-driving cars, if they one day become widespread, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision  of this future, autonomous vehicles would  share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,” says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be“very, very strong and resilient”, Nishinari says. Today’s drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: “don’t tailgate (尾随).” By leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. 70 “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. A．It’s a kind of phase transition, like water turning from liquid to solid. B．They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. C．Drivers often follow ants’ behavior when the highway is busy. D．However, human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E．Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group. F．Without this space, the wave would grow into a full “fake” traffic jam. V. Summary writing (10’) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleeping makes Idea Work? Here’s what Science says Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs? Inventors like Thomas Edison and artists such as Salvador Dali believed so. Now, science is starting to back them up. Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep. The first stage of sleep, called N1 or hypnagogia, only lasts 1-7 minutes. It’s a border between sleeping and waking, where we have vivid, dream-like thoughts that mix with our recent experiences. Brain studies show that during N1, parts of the brain linked to free thinking are active, which are important for creativity. A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem, people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. Similarly, another experiment used a sound to tell people to “think of a tree” when they were sleeping. The group that was woken up during N1 stage did 48% better on creativity tasks like thinking of uses for a tree This highlights N1’s unique role in stimulating innovation through its mixing state of relaxed focus. Scientists say different sleep stages might help different kinds of thinking, and the lines between stages aren’t perfect. But for everyday use, experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep, don’t get up immediately. Instead, close your eyes and try to remember your dreams, the sounds you heard, or the images you saw. This lets the brain’s “sleep chemistry” stay a bit longer, helping you explore new ideas. In short, the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest — it could be a door to creativity. Science is now proving what Edison and Dali seemed to know: sleep can help us see things in new ways. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Translation (15’) 72．她轻巧的动作流畅从未不让人惊叹。（amaze）（译英） ________________________________________________________________________ 73．虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) ________________________________________________________________ 74．领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。 (present; pave) ________________________________________________________________________ 75．求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。（prove; rate） ________________________________________________________________________ VII. Guided writing (25’) Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校计划举办“大视野”讲座，主题分别为：“古往今来的中国语言”（Chinese Language: From Ancient Times to the Present）和“脑科学的回顾与发展”（Brain Science: Looking Back and Moving Forward）。每位同学可选择一场参加，请向学校写一封邮件报名，内容需包括： 1．你选择的主题； 2．选择该主题的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $