Unit 5 Health matters（知识清单）-2026-2027学年外研版（三起）英语六年级上册

外研版六年级上册英语 Unit 5　Health matters 健康要紧· 单元知识清单 单元主题：学习健康主题词汇，学会用 What’s the matter? / I have ... 谈论病情，能用 should 和祈使句给出健康建议。 核心任务：能够询问和描述病情；会读流感和护眼的故事；能写出一份自己的健康计划。 一、单元知识地图 知识板块 本单元核心内容 生病症状 have a fever / a runny nose / a sore throat / a headache / a cough / a toothache 问病情 What’s the matter? — I have a fever and a bad headache. 流感的自述 We fly into your body through your mouth and nose. 医生建议 Take this and get lots of sleep. 护眼建议 Do eye exercises every day. Don’t read in the dark. 语篇与写作 读《远离流感》和《玛丽的眼睛》，写自己的健康计划 二、核心词汇 词汇 中文义 搭配或例句 matter 事情，问题 What’s the matter? fever 发烧，发热 have a fever runny 流鼻涕的 a runny nose sore 疼痛的 a sore throat throat 喉咙 a sore throat headache 头痛 a bad headache toothache 牙痛 have a toothache flu 流感 stay away from flu blackboard 黑板 look at the blackboard dark 昏暗的 read in the dark quick 快的 quick to break gladly 高兴地 gladly face your day tip 窍门，建议 Here are some tips. forget 忘记 Don’t forget to wash hands. bath 洗澡 take a bath happiness 快乐，幸福 bring you happiness 三、健康建议表达 表达 中文义 例句 What’s the matter? 怎么了？ What’s the matter? — I have a fever. stay away from ... 远离…… How can I stay away from the flu? get lots of sleep 睡够觉 Take this and get lots of sleep. see clearly 看得清楚 I can see clearly again. take care of ... 照顾；爱护 You should take care of your eyes. do eye exercises 做眼保健操 Do eye exercises every day. look far away 看远处 Go outside often and look far away. wish ... away 把……赶跑 So wish your worries away! 四、核心句型 交际功能 句型与例句 问病情 What’s the matter? — I have a fever and a bad headache. 说症状 You’ll get a runny nose and a sore throat. 说医嘱 Take this and get lots of sleep. 说健康方法 Eat healthy food and do sports. Then you’ll be healthy and strong. 说护眼 Do eye exercises every day. And don’t read in the dark. 说开心 Just put a smile on your face and gladly face your day. 五、核心语法精讲 1. What’s the matter? 问病情 问别人怎么了用 What’s the matter?； 回答用 I have + a / an + 病症：I have a fever. 例：What’s the matter? — I have a fever and a bad headache. 2. have 的病症搭配 have a fever、have a cough、have a headache 都带 a； flu 前面不加冠词：I have flu. 例：You’ll have a cough and a fever. 3. should 给建议 You should + 动词原形，说"你应该……"； 常见建议：take some medicine、drink a lot of water、get lots of sleep。 例：You should take some medicine and drink a lot of water. 4. 祈使句与健康建议 肯定祈使句：Eat healthy food. / Do eye exercises every day.； 否定祈使句：Don’t read in the dark. 例：Don’t watch TV too much. Go outside often and look far away. 六、语篇阅读：教材原文与精讲 阅读策略：读医患对话抓"问—答—建议"三步；症状词（fever、cough）是关键信息；读护眼故事找"坏习惯—出问题—好建议"；结尾常有医生的话要圈出来。 Start up 核心语篇原文（Keep away from flu） Doctor: What’s the matter? Lingling: I have a fever and a bad headache. Doctor: Let me see... Well, you have flu. Flu 1: Ha ha! We give you flu. Flu 2: We’re very small. You can’t see us at all! We fly into your body through your mouth and nose. Flu 3: Your body fights us. Sometimes your body wins. But sometimes we win. Flu 1: You’ll get a runny nose and a sore throat. Flu 2: Sometimes there’s a headache, too. You’ll also have a cough and a fever. Doctor: Take this and get lots of sleep. Lingling: But how can I stay away from the flu, doctor? Doctor: Eat healthy food and do sports. Then you’ll be healthy and strong. ① 玲玲发烧头疼，医生诊断是流感； ② 病毒自述很生动：从口鼻飞进身体，和身体"打仗"； ③ 流感的症状一串儿报出来：流鼻涕、嗓子疼、头疼、咳嗽、发烧； ④ 预防流感两件宝：健康饮食加运动，医嘱和知识点都在对话里。 Speed up 核心语篇原文（Mary’s eyes） Mary: Mum, can I go to the zoo today? Grandma: Mary, it’s me, Grandma. Mary: Oh, sorry, Grandma! You’re not Mum! Mary: Oh, Mum, you’re here. I can’t see clearly. Yesterday, Miss Chen wrote “8” on the blackboard. But I saw a “3”... Doctor: Mary, do you often read in dark places? Mary: Yes, I like reading in bed at night. Doctor: And do you watch a lot of TV? Mary: Yes, I like watching TV, too. Doctor: Something is wrong with your eyes. But it’s not a big problem. They can get better. Do eye exercises every day. And don’t read in the dark. Go outside often and look far away. Mary: Mum, I can see clearly again. Mum: Good! You should take care of your eyes. ① 把奶奶看成妈妈，玛丽看不清的窘境一下子写活了； ② 黑板上的 8 看成 3，细节让"近视"变得具体； ③ 两个坏习惯：被窝里看书、电视看太多； ④ 医生三条建议：做眼保健操、别在暗处看书、多到户外看远处——最后玛丽又能看清了。 七、阅读信息提取表 语篇 主题 关键信息 远离流感 流感知识 流感经口鼻进入身体；症状：流鼻涕、嗓子疼、头疼、咳嗽、发烧；健康饮食加运动可预防 玛丽的眼睛 护眼故事 玛丽看不清黑板；坏习惯：暗处看书、多看电视；建议：做眼保健操、不暗处阅读、多看远处 快乐小贴士 身心健康 亲近自然、规律运动、和朋友说心事、听歌唱歌 What’s the matter 后面接症状；should 和 Don’t 后面接动词原形；医生说的话常常就是最重要的建议，要圈出来。 八、口语与写作表达 口语表达： 　　What’s the matter? — I have ______. 　　You should ______. 　　Don’t ______. 　　I will eat ______ and do ______. 写作结构：健康计划四步：总起（There are ... points in my health plan.） → First / Next / Then / Finally 各写一条 → 结尾说好处。 写作模板：There are four points in my health plan. First, I will ______. Next, I will ______. Then, I will ______. Finally, I will ______. Good habits keep me healthy! 中文提示：我的健康计划有四条。首先，我将______。接着，我将______。然后，我将______。最后，我将______。好习惯让我健康！ 九、单元核心词句速记 核心词：matter · fever · runny · sore · throat · headache · toothache · flu · blackboard · dark · quick · gladly · tip · forget · bath · happiness 核心短语：have a fever · have a runny nose · have a sore throat · stay away from the flu · take some medicine · get lots of sleep · do eye exercises · take care of your eyes 核心句：What’s the matter? — I have a fever and a bad headache. / Take this and get lots of sleep. / Eat healthy food and do sports. / Don’t read in the dark. 十、单元自测 学完本清单，遮住前面的表格和讲解，独立完成下面的小练习，再翻到本节末尾对答案。错在哪一项，就回到对应板块再复习一遍。 一、根据句意和首字母提示补全单词。 1. I have a f______ and a bad headache. 2. You’ll get a runny nose and a s____ throat. 3. How can I stay away from the f____? 4. Don’t read in the d____. 5. Here are some t____. 二、单项选择。 1. —______ the matter? —I have a fever. A. What’s B. How’s C. Where’s 2. I have ______ bad headache. A. a B. an C. / 3. You should ______ some medicine. A. take B. takes C. taking 4. ______ eye exercises every day. A. Do B. Doing C. Does 5. ______ watch TV too much. A. Don’t B. Doesn’t C. Not 6. —What’s the matter? —______ A. I have a toothache. B. I am ten years old. C. I like apples. 三、从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空。 eat sleep wash drink read 1. ______ healthy food every day. 2. You should get lots of ______. 3. Don’t forget to ______ your hands. 4. ______ a lot of water when you are sick. 5. Don’t ______ in the dark. 四、按要求完成句子。 1. 连词成句：the, what’s, matter (?) 2. 连词成句：exercises, eye, every, do, day (.) 3. 汉译英：你应该睡够觉。 4. 连词成句：fever, have, I, a (.) 5. 汉译英：不要在暗处看书。 参考答案与解析 一、　1. fever 2. sore 3. flu 4. dark 5. tips 二、　1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A 　　第 2 题：have a headache 中间的 a 不能丢（flu 除外，I have flu 不加冠词）。 　　第 3 题：should 后面接动词原形。 　　第 4、5 题：祈使句用动词原形开头，否定用 Don’t。 三、　1. Eat 2. sleep 3. wash 4. Drink 5. read 四、　1. What’s the matter? 2. Do eye exercises every day. 3. You should get lots of sleep. 4. I have a fever. 5. Don’t read in the dark. 　　第 3 题：get lots of sleep 意思是"睡够觉"。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $