Unit 2 Sports Culture 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习 -2026-2027学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

选择性必修二 Unit 2 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习 一．重点词汇词形变化 1．participate vi. 参加，参与 → participation n. 参加，参与 → participant n. 参与者 2．compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争 → competition n. 竞争；竞赛 → competitor n. 竞争者；对手 → competitive adj. 有竞争力的 3．diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的 → diversity n. 多样性；差异 4．motivate vt. 激励，激发 → motivation n. 动力；诱因 5．demonstrate vt. 证明；示范，演示 → demonstration n. 证明；示范；游行示威 6．applaud vt. & vi. 称赞；鼓掌 → applause n. 鼓掌 7．consistent adj. 一致的；连续的 → consistency n. 一致性；连贯性 8．election n. 选举；当选 → elect vt. 选举，推选 → elected adj. 当选的 9．gradually adv. 逐渐地 → gradual adj. 逐渐的 10．opponent n. 对手；反对者 → opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的 → opposed adj. 强烈反对的 → oppose vt. 反对 11．selfless adj. 无私的，忘我的 → selfish adj. 自私的 → selfishness n. 自私自利 → unselfish adj. 无私的 → unselfishness n. 无私，忘我 12．insurance n. 保险业；保险；保险费 → insure v. 投保，承保 13．complain vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉 → complaint n. 抱怨，投诉 14．unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地 → unintentional adj. 无意的 → intentional adj. 有意的 15．cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的，残酷的 → cruelty n. 残酷，残忍 → cruelly adv. 残酷地，残忍地 16．literally adv. 按字面，字面上 → literal adj. 字面意义的 17．faith n. 信心；宗教信仰 → faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 18．racial adj. 种族的 → racism n. 种族主义 → racist n. 种族主义者 二．巩固练习 1．Living in a city where people from different cultures meet every day, we gradually realize that ________ (diverse) is exactly what makes life colourful. 2．Don't take his words ________ (literal); he was only joking about moving to the moon one day. 3．Although both teams had trained for months, the ________ (compete) turned out to be far tougher than any of the players had expected. 4．The customer made a formal ________ (complain) to the manager about the poor service he had received the day before. 5．When the singer finished her last song, the ________ (applaud) from the audience lasted for more than three minutes. 6．His rude remarks were completely ________ (intention), I'm sure, for he did not know the whole story at that time. 7．It was not until the votes had been counted twice that the result of the ________ (elect) was finally announced to the public. 8．What puzzles parents most is that their children seem to lose all ________ (motivate) the moment the exams are over. 9．It was my grandmother's ________ (selfish) love that taught me to put other people's needs before my own. 10．There were more than two hundred ________ (participate) from twelve schools at the opening ceremony, all of whom were eager to share their ideas with us. 11．The ________ (cruel) shown by the invaders towards the villagers has been recorded in many history books. 12．________ (motivate) by his teacher's encouraging words, the boy decided to take part in the marathon, even though he had never run that far. 13．The long struggle against ________ (racial) has lasted for decades, yet prejudice still exists in some parts of the world. 14．If you want to improve your spoken English, you must be ________ (consist) and practise for at least half an hour every day. 15．While many people believe that good grades come from talent alone, recent research suggests that a ________ (compete) attitude matters just as much as hard work. 16．________ (selfish) is a habit that grows quietly, and one day it may cost you your closest friends. 17．The young players were ________ (cruel) criticized in the newspaper, which hurt their confidence badly. 18．In order to make the experiment easier to understand, the teacher gave a live ________ (demonstrate) of how a small spark can start a big fire. 19．A ________ (faith) friend is the one who stays with you when everyone else walks away. 20．Since the factory is often hit by typhoons in summer, buying ________ (insure) for its equipment is a wise decision. 参考答案 1．【答案】diversity 【考点】词形变化——that 从句中作主语，用名词。 【派生】diverse adj. 多种多样的 → diversity n. 多样性；差异。 【句析】Living in a city... 为现在分词短语作状语，其中 where 引导定语从句修饰 a city；that 引导宾语从句，diversity 在从句中作主语；what makes life colourful 为表语从句。 2．【答案】literally 【考点】词形变化——修饰动词用副词。 【派生】literal adj. 字面意义的 → literally adv. 按字面，字面上。 【句析】祈使句 Don't take his words literally 与后面的分句 he was only joking... 用分号连接，表并列；about moving to the moon one day 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 his words 所开的内容。 3．【答案】competition 【考点】词形变化——定冠词后接名词作主语。 【派生】compete vi. 竞争 → competition n. 竞争；竞赛 → competitor n. 竞争者。 【句析】Although 引导让步状语从句；主句为 the competition turned out to be...，turn out to be 是系表结构；than any of the players had expected 为比较状语从句。 4．【答案】complaint 【考点】词形变化——a formal 后接名词。 【派生】complain vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉 → complaint n. 抱怨，投诉（可数）。 【句析】主句为 The customer made a formal complaint to the manager；about the poor service 为介词短语作后置定语；he had received the day before 为省略关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，修饰 service。 5．【答案】applause 【考点】词形变化——the 后接名词作主语（不可数）。 【派生】applaud vt. & vi. 鼓掌 → applause n. 掌声，鼓掌（不可数名词）。 【句析】When 引导时间状语从句；主句主语为 the applause from the audience，谓语 lasted；for more than three minutes 表持续时间。 6．【答案】unintentional 【考点】词形变化——be 后接形容词作表语。 【派生】intentional adj. 有意的 → unintentional adj. 无意的，非故意的 → unintentionally adv. 无意地。 【句析】were completely unintentional 为系表结构；I'm sure 为插入语；for 引导原因状语从句，at that time 在从句中作时间状语。 7．【答案】election 【考点】词形变化——the result of the 后接名词。 【派生】elect vt. 选举，推选 → election n. 选举；当选（可数）。 【句析】It was not until... that... 为强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语从句 not until the votes had been counted twice；that 后为主句，谓语为 was announced。 8．【答案】motivation 【考点】词形变化——lose all 后接名词。 【派生】motivate vt. 激励 → motivation n. 动力；诱因（不可数）。 【句析】What puzzles parents most 为主语从句；that 引导表语从句；the moment (that) the exams are over 为时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。 9．【答案】selfless 【考点】词形变化——修饰名词 love 用形容词。 【派生】selfish adj. 自私的 → selfless adj. 无私的，忘我的；selfless 与 selfish 语义相反。 【句析】It was... that... 为强调句型，被强调部分是 my grandmother's selfless love（主语）；taught me to put other people's needs before my own 中，不定式短语作宾语补足语。 10．【答案】participants 【考点】名词的数——数词后接可数名词复数。 【派生】participate vi. 参加 → participant n. 参与者（指人，可数）。 【句析】two hundred participants 作 there be 句型的主语；all of whom 引导非限制性定语从句，whom 指代 participants。 11．【答案】cruelty 【考点】词形变化——the 后接名词作主语。 【派生】cruel adj. 残酷的 → cruelty n. 残酷，残忍（不可数）。 【句析】shown by the invaders towards the villagers 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 The cruelty；谓语 has been recorded 为现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已发生并影响到现在。 12．【答案】Motivated 【考点】非谓语动词——过去分词短语作原因状语。 【派生】motivate vt. 激励 → motivated adj. 受到激励的（be motivated by 被……激励）。 【句析】Motivated by his teacher's encouraging words 为过去分词短语作原因状语，逻辑主语 the boy 与 motivate 为被动关系；even though 引导让步状语从句；句首首字母大写。 13．【答案】racism 【考点】词形变化——介词 against 后接名词。 【派生】racial adj. 种族的 → racism n. 种族主义；racist n. 种族主义者。 【句析】介词短语 against racism 作后置定语修饰 The long struggle；yet 连接两个并列分句，表转折；prejudice still exists in some parts of the world 中 in some parts of the world 作地点状语。 14．【答案】consistent 【考点】词形变化——be 后接形容词作表语。 【派生】consist vi. 在于，一致 → consistent adj. 一致的；连续的 → consistency n. 一致性。 【句析】If 引导条件状语从句；主句中 be consistent 为系表结构，与 and 后的 practise for at least half an hour 并列。 15．【答案】competitive 【考点】词形变化——修饰名词用形容词。 【派生】compete vi. 竞争 → competitive adj. 有竞争力的 → competitor n. 竞争者。 【句析】While 引导对比状语从句；that 引导宾语从句，从句中 a competitive attitude 作主语；as much as hard work 为同级比较结构。 16．【答案】Selfishness 【考点】词形变化——句首作主语用名词。 【派生】selfish adj. 自私的 → selfishness n. 自私自利（不可数）。 【句析】Selfishness is a habit 为主句；that grows quietly 为定语从句修饰 a habit；and 连接并列分句，one day 为其时间状语；句首首字母大写。 17．【答案】cruelly 【考点】词形变化——修饰过去分词 criticized 用副词。 【派生】cruel adj. 残酷的 → cruelly adv. 残酷地；cruelty n. 残酷。 【句析】were cruelly criticized 为被动语态，副词 cruelly 修饰 criticized；which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容。 18．【答案】demonstration 【考点】词形变化——a live 后接名词。 【派生】demonstrate vt. 示范，演示 → demonstration n. 示范；演示；游行示威。 【句析】In order to make the experiment easier to understand 为目的状语，其中 easier 为 make 的宾语补足语；how 引导宾语从句作 of 的宾语。 19．【答案】faithful 【考点】词形变化——修饰名词 friend 用形容词。 【派生】faith n. 信心；宗教信仰 → faithful adj. 忠实的，忠诚的。 【句析】主句为 A faithful friend is the one；who stays with you 为定语从句修饰 the one；when everyone else walks away 为时间状语从句。 20．【答案】insurance 【考点】词形变化——buying 后的宾语需用名词。 【派生】insure v. 投保，承保 → insurance n. 保险；保险费（不可数）。 【句析】Since 引导原因状语从句；主句主语为动名词短语 buying insurance for its equipment，谓语是 is，a wise decision 作表语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $