Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

新教材·英语　选择性必修·第二册[译林版] Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading The future is in our genes 未来就在我们的基因之中 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、先生们，下午好。 Thank you all for coming to this lecture. 感谢各位来到本场讲座。 Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game­changing as genome editing. 在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。 I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today. 我对这项科学进展能够带来的可能性充满兴奋，并且希望今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。 词句自测 ①gene n. 基因 ②game­changing adj. 改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的) ③genome n. 基因组，染色体组 ④this scientific advance can bring是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句，修饰the possibilities，作bring的宾语。 As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. 在座的很多人可能已经知道，基因对于塑造我们的生命起着决定性作用。 Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes. 从我们眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。 The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome. 一个细胞或一个生物体内的一套完整的基因被称为一个基因组。 Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. 我们每个人自己的基因组都携带着各自生长发育所需要的全部信息。 词句自测 ⑤cell n. 细胞 ⑥being n. 生物；存在；身心 ⑦as引导定语从句。 ⑧动词过去分词needed作the information的后置定语，后面的动词不定式短语to make作目的状语，grow and develop是make的宾语补足语。 It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. 基因组也包含有助于决定我们的寿命并影响我们罹患某些疾病的概率的信息。 Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer. 比如，有些人携带一种会使他们更易感染某种病毒，或患上某种特定类型的癌症的基因。 词句自测 ⑨lifespan n. 寿命，有效期 ⑩affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动 ⑪contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)　n. 合同，合约 ⑫virus n. 病毒；(计算机程序中的)病毒 ⑬cancer n. 癌症；邪恶，毒瘤 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。 词句自测 ⑭identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份 ⑮relate vi.& vt. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述 ⑯relate__to 涉及，与……相关 ⑰means n. 方法，方式；财富，钱财 It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. 它使得遗传学家可以通过修正、嵌入、移除或替换基因材料的特定部分来改变基因组。 In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. 在不久的将来，遗传学家希望运用这项技术解决广泛的健康问题。 Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. 也许我们很快就能用这些疗法恢复盲人视力，或使先天性耳聋患者获得敏锐的听力。 词句自测 ⑱delete vt. 删去，删除 ⑲restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. 最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。 Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 基因组编辑技术作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将促使我们的医疗保健方式的根本改变。 词句自测 ⑳ultimately adv. 最终；根本上 abnormal adj. 反常的，畸形的 weapon n. 武器，手段；兵器 fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的　n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础 make it＋adj.＋to do sth, it是形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。 As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 然而，随着基因组编辑不断迅猛发展，关于如何恰当地利用这项技术的问题出现了。 Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? 我们是否应该将对这项技术的应用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？ 词句自测 pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏　vi.& vt. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏 arise vi. 发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生 restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 as引导时间状语从句，后面how to use是“疑问词＋不定式”作about的宾语。 Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies? 我们是否应该禁止遗传学家利用它来优化健康的身体？ One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. 不久之后，我们将能利用基因组编辑技术来提高人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力，让人们长得更高，帮助他们的肌肉生长得更快，让他们的各种感官更加灵敏或让他们更加聪明。 词句自测 prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能 prohibit_sb_from_doing_sth 禁止某人做某事 resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗 flu n. 流行性感冒，流感 We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”. 我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征，制造出某些所谓的“设计婴儿”。 However, is this a good thing? 但这是一件好事吗？ What consequences might it have? 它会有什么后果呢？ Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. 哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这些道德问题。 We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. 我们必须想办法如何防止这项技术失控。 词句自测 characteristic n. 特征，特点　adj. 典型的，独特的 wrestle vi.& vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤 wrestle_with 努力处理，全力解决 现在分词creating作结果状语；what引导宾语从句，作call的宾语。 This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. 这意味着恰当的管制措施要准备到位，以确保基因组编辑对我们有利。 Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control. 没有它们，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。 词句自测 put_sth_in_place 准备就绪 without 引导含蓄虚拟条件句。 There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. 关于基因组编辑这一话题，要探索和讨论的还有很多。 Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. 虽然公众对这项技术存在争论，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界和外界引起了极大的兴奋。 Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. Thank you for listening. 毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。感谢各位聆听。 词句自测 debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考　n. 讨论，争论；辩论 without_doubt 毫无疑问，的确 1 affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动(教材P30) 归纳拓展 ①He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects. 他在数学上花了太多时间，而这反过来又影响了他其他科目的进步。 ②The disease affects many different organs of the body. 这种疾病侵袭身体的许多不同器官。 ③With the government's aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 在政府的帮助下，那些受地震影响的人都已经搬到了新的定居点。 ④Affected with high fever, he continued with his work. 即使发着高烧，他仍继续工作。 ⑤Bart had a deep affection for the old man. 巴特对这位老人有很深的感情。 易混辨析：affect/effect affect 是及物动词，暗示产生的影响如此强烈，以至能引起反应。通常是指对身体、思想或情绪带来的不良影响。 effect 意为“影响”，是名词，其动词意为“招致，促成，产生”。 (1)单句语法填空 ①From then on, we began a relationship that gradually transformed into a great friendship and deep ________ (affect)． ②Affected ________ his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. 答案：①affection　②by (2)单句表达 我深爱我的妈妈，她的言行对我有积极的影响。 I ____________________________ my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me. 答案：feel much affection for 2 contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)　n. 合同，合约(教材P30) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion. 他因一次输血感染了艾滋病。 ②Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department. 有几位计算机工程师与财务部门签订了合同。 ③Glass contracts as it cools. 玻璃遇冷收缩。 ④She is under contract to a major American computer firm. 她已经与美国一家大型计算机公司签约。 (1)写出下列句中contract的词性及含义 ①Non­smokers are less likely to contract lung cancer than smokers.________ ②I was drawing up a contract almost the whole night.________ ③Their firm has contracted to build a double­purpose bridge across the river.________ 答案：①vt. 感染(疾病)　②n. 合同　③v. 签订合同 (2)单句语法填空 ①The company has won a contract ________ (supply) books and materials to schools. ②The ________ (contract) of muscles uses energy and release heat. 答案：①to supply　②contraction 3 identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份(教材P30) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①First of all we must identify the problem areas. 首先我们必须找到问题所在。 ②In many cases, the clothes people wear identify them as belonging to a particular social class. 很多情况下，人们的穿着显示出他们的社会阶级。 ③Finally, people could identify themselves online and have to stand behind their words. 最终，人们将在网上建立自己的身份，并且必须为自己的言行负责。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The police asked him to show his identity card ________ (identify) whether he was the attacker. ②The ship ________ (identify) yesterday, and its name and position were reported to the Coast Guard. ③BookCrossing provides an ________ (identify) number to stick inside the book. 答案：①to identify　②was identified　③identification (2)单句表达 科学家发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。 Scientists have ____________________ between diet and cancer. 答案：identified a link 4 relate vi.& vt. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述(教材P30) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①I can't relate what he does to what he says. 我无法将他说的话和他做的事联系起来。 ②He related the facts of the case to journalists. 他向记者讲述了案件的事实。 ③Paper­cutting is closely related to the traditional culture of China, and has a history of more than 1，500 years. 剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，与中国的传统文化紧密联系在一起。 ④The state has staged a series of policy measures in/with relation to western region development. 国家已经出台了一系列有关西部发展的政策措施。 名师点津　 “联系”常用词： connect vt. 连接，使联系；connection n. 联系；contact vt.& n. 联系，接触；touch vt.& n. 接触，涉及。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Due to the growing popularity of environmentally ________ (relate) and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. ②Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas ________ their past experiences. 答案：①related　②to (2)单句表达 这些与被设计的产品有什么关系？ How do these ____________ the product being designed? 答案：relate to 5 means n. 方法，方式；财富，钱财(教材P30) 归纳拓展 ①Overall, barter is a very inefficient means of organizing transactions. 总的说来，物物交换是一种非常低效的组织交易的方式。 ②He made lots of money by means of working hard and set aside some for his son. 他通过努力工作赚了很多钱，还留了一些给他的儿子。 ③If you enjoy reading, then by all means do that whenever you want. 如果你喜欢阅读，不管什么时候，都要想尽一切办法去读。 ④Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically. 此外，惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心成长的明智选择。 ⑤You'd better practice using chopsticks in advance, which is also a means of showing your good table manners. 你最好提前练习使用筷子，这也是显示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。 名师点津　 (1)表示做某事的方法，means后常接of doing sth，一般不接不定式。 (2)by no means置于句首时，句子部分倒装。 (3)means表示“方式、方法、手段”时，单复数同形。 ①若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数； ②若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数。 易混辨析：means/method/manner/approach/way means 指实现目的的任何手段，或使用某种交通工具的方式。常用by means of/by this means，意为“用……的方法/用这种方法”。 method 指有条理的，系统的办法，特别指新的办法。常用with this method，意为“用这种方法”。 manner 指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法，与动作有关。常用in this manner，意为“用这种方法”。 approach 指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度，常用approach to (doing) sth，意为“(做)某事的方法”。 way 使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。常用way of doing/way to do/in this way，意为“做某事的方法/用这种方法”。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Watching films is regarded as ________ good means of entertainment. ②He got into the house ________ means of an open window. ③Every possible means ________ (try), but none has worked. 答案：①a　②by　③has been tried (2)单句表达 如果没有知识，我们绝不可能实现我们的生活目标。 Without knowledge, ______________________ achieve our life goal. 答案：by no means can we 6 restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy. 这些举措旨在恢复公众对经济的信心。 ②We hope to restore the garden to its former glory. 我们希望使花园恢复昔日的辉煌。 ③The palace is closed for restoration. 王宫因整修而停止开放。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The following day their horses and goods were restored ________ them. ②His visit is expected to lead to the ________ (restore) of diplomatic relations. ③We will restore her ________ health but it may take time. 答案：①to　②restoration　③to (2)单句表达 它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。 It was built originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and ____________________________________． 答案：has now been completely restored 7 fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的　n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础(教材P31) 归纳拓展 ①He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the well­being of the area. 他认为，改善与中国的关系对该地区的福祉至关重要。 ②There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view. 这两个观点有根本区别。 ③He taught me the fundamentals of the job. 他教给了我这项工作的基本知识。 ④Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives. 成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和生活中发生的事情的看法。 (1)单句语法填空 ①A ________ (fundament) human right is being taken away from these people. ②He disagreed ________ (fundamental) with the president's judgment. ③Then I'll talk about the importance of these ________ (fundamental)． 答案：①fundamental　②fundamentally　③fundamentals (2)单句表达 团结和诚实是事业成功的根本。 Solidarity and honesty ____________________ career success. 答案：are fundamental to 8 pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏 vi.& vt. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①She works so fast that I can't keep pace with her. 她工作得很快，我跟不上她的速度。 ②The reader can accelerate his pace when the material is easy or less than interesting. 当阅读材料易懂或不太有趣时，读者可以加快阅读速度。 ③Race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour. 竞走者以每小时6英里的速度运动一小时会消耗大约800卡路里的热量。 ④Compared with the urban life, I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country. 和都市生活相比，我更喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。 ⑤A tiger paced up and down in its cage. 一只老虎在笼子里走来走去。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We encourage all students to work ________ their own pace. ②It's important for a company to keep pace ________ the changes in the market, or it will be left behind. ③She paced ________ and down outside the operating room. 答案：①at　②with　③up (2)单句表达 中国的网上购物近年来以迅猛的速度发展。 China's online shopping is developing ______________________ in recent years. 答案：at a rapid pace 9 arise vi. 发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 ①Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment. 在他们进行实验的过程中，出现了意想不到的困难。 ②Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause. 身体上的原因可能会引起情绪或精神上的问题。 ③We will contact you again if the need arises. 如果有必要，我们会再次和你联系。 易混辨析：arise/rise/raise arise (arose, arisen) vi. 意为“产生，出现，引起”时，主语多为抽象名词；意为“起立，起身”时，其用法与rise意为“起立，起身”时的用法相同。 rise (rose, risen) vi. 意为“升起；上升；起立”，说明主语自身移向较高的位置，既可表示具体的动作，又可表示抽象的动作，如日、月等升起，烟、雾、水面等升高，人站立起来。 raise (raised,raised) vt. 意为“直立，站立”和“举起，提高，抬起”时，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他人或事物的。 ①A new crisis has arisen. 新危机已经出现。 ②He arose (＝rose) from his seat. 他从座位上站了起来。 ③Interest rates rise from 4% to 5%. 利率从4%上升到5%。 ④Smoke is rising from the chimney. 烟正从烟囱里升起。 ⑤Finally, we managed to raise her to her feet. 最后，我们设法使她站了起来。 ⑥She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence. 她竖起她的手指放在唇边，示意(大家要)安静。 (1)写出下列句中arise的含义 ①Accidents always arise from carelessness. So you must be careful when driving.________ ②While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.________ ③Seeing the teacher walking into the classroom, all the students arose immediately.________ 答案：①由……引起　②出现，发生　③起立，起身 (2)选词填空(arise/rise/raise) ①In this game you're supposed to work together as a team and solve the problems as they ________． ②Hearing the old man's report, the officer ________ from his seat and said that something must be done to ________ people's living standards. ③The number of deaths ________ from road accidents has been ________ which ________ people's concern about traffic safety. It is hoped that the government should take measures to solve such problems. 答案：①arise　②arose/rose; raise　③arising; rising; raises 10 As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.(教材P31) 然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。 剖析 as引导时间状语从句，“how＋动词不定式”作about的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。 归纳拓展 (1)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what, which, who和疑问副词when, how, where等。在句子中除了不能作谓语外，可作主语、宾语、表语等。 (2)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，不论它在句子中做什么成分，常常都可用同等成分的从句替代。改为从句时，只要在疑问词后面添加一个适当的主语并将不定式动词改为适当形式的谓语即可。 (3)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语的时候，常常置于show, find out, learn, teach, tell, advise, wonder, know, discuss, remember, forget, explain等动词之后。 ①She didn' t know which bus to take. ＝She didn't know which bus she should take. 她不知乘哪路公共汽车。(作动词宾语) ②We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. ＝We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve. 我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(作介词宾语) ③When to start remains undecided. ＝When we should start remains undecided. 何时出发，尚未决定。(作主语) ④The difficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of money. ＝The difficulty is how we do the most of work with the least of money. 困难是如何用最少的钱办最多的事。(作表语) ⑤The dictionary didn't tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word. ＝The dictionary didn't tell the Frenchman how he should pronounce the word. 那本词典没有告诉那个法国人怎样读那个词。(作动词的直接宾语) (1)单句语法填空 ①To be honest, I'm at a loss how ________ (settle) the problem. ②He told us whether ________ (have) a picnic was still under discussion. ③I'm happy that my 80­year­old grandma has learned how ________ (download) from the Internet. ④One tactic involves where ________ (display) the goods. 答案：①to settle　②to have　③to download　④to display (2)单句表达 他们总是告诉我该做什么和该怎么做。 They always told me __________________________________ it. 答案：what to do and how to do 11 restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. 最重要的是，现在大多数的3D食品打印机只能打印干食材，因为肉和奶制品很容易变质。 ②I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day. 我限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。 ③Some cities declared temporary outbound traffic restrictions. 一些城市宣布了临时外出的交通限制。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They had decided to restrict university entry ________ about 30 percent of applicants. ②Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some ________ (restrict) on funding were necessary. 答案：①to　②restrictions (2)单句表达 在城里车速不得超过每小时30英里。 Speed ________________ 30 mph in towns. 答案：is restricted to 12 prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. 这种塑料袋在包括洛杉矶在内的加州约90个城市被禁止使用。 ②He hoped she would remove that prohibition soon. 他希望她很快能把这个禁令取消。 ③There is a prohibition against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18. 禁止向未满18岁的青少年出售酒。 名师点津　 (1)禁止某人做某事：ban/forbid sb from doing sth, forbid sb to do sth。 (2)阻止某人做某事：prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We'll prohibit insurance companies ________ denying coverage because of a person's medical history. ②People should ________ (prohibit) from using plastic bags to eliminate white pollution. ③The ________ (prohibit) against driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol will save many lives. 答案：①from　②be prohibited　③prohibition (2)单句表达 昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。 The high cost of equipment ____________________________________ this sport. 答案：prohibits many people from taking up 13 wrestle vi.& vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①We had to physically wrestle the child from the man's arms. 我们只得用力地从那个男子怀里把孩子夺过来。 ②Tom set on people to persuade him to wrestle with the famous wrestler. 汤姆派人去劝他和那个著名的摔跤手摔跤。 ③She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem. 她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。 ④He decided to wrestle with those temptations. 他决定抗拒那些诱惑。 ⑤Our main attraction tonight is lady mud wrestling. 我们今晚的重头戏是女子泥浆摔跤。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He wrestled ________ the controls as the plane plunged. ②________ (wrestle) is a very difficult sport. ③This means that a ________ (wrestle) can end up competing against someone double his size in some cases. 答案：①with　②Wrestling　③wrestling (2)单句表达 一年来她一直在想方设法筹集这笔资金。 She has been __________________ the money all year. 答案：wrestling to raise 14 put sth in place 准备就绪(教材P31) 归纳拓展 ①With more effective measures put in place, the disease has been brought under control. 由于采取了更有效的措施，疾病已得到控制。 ②The material is cut and glued in place. 材料被剪开并粘到合适的位置。 ③You can use milk in place of cream in this recipe. 这道食谱可以用牛奶替代奶油。 ④Well, in the first place, he has all the right qualifications. 噢，首先，他符合一切条件。 单句表达 ①会议应于5月5日举行。 The meeting should ____________ on the fifth of May. ②这些书有些放错了地方，弄得整个房间凌乱不堪。 Some of these books are ________________， making the whole room messy. ③我们想用另一个女孩代替她。 We want another girl __________________ her. 答案：①take place　②out of place　③in place of/take the place of 15 debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考　n. 讨论，争论；辩论(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 国会将讨论一项新的农业法案，消费者必须与年轻农民站在同一立场。 ②She debated with herself for a while, and then picked up the phone. 她仔细琢磨了一会儿，然后拿起了电话。 ③Much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars. 到目前为止，争论主要集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上。 ④There had been much debate on the issue of childcare. 人们对儿童保育问题议论纷纷。 ⑤The truth of this news story is beyond debate. 这则新闻报道的真实性，毋庸置辩。 易混辨析：debate/argue/discuss/quarrel debate 指正式的辩论，通常在一位仲裁人的主持下，按照一定的规则进行，双方各自申诉理由，“交锋”意味较强。 argue 指说理、论证，侧重于摆事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈的交换意见，以致争吵。 discuss 重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的意思。 quarrel 指吵架，争吵，生气失态以至于会伤害到对方。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They debated ________ each other ________ what courses they should take in the coming year. ②Recently there has been ________ heated debate about whether the public can use the university's sports field for free. ③It's still ________ debate whether the old bus station should be replaced with a new hotel or not. 答案：①with; about/over/on/upon　②a　③under (2)单句表达 我和朋友们有时会讨论在其他星球上是否存在生命。 My friends and I sometimes ________________________ there is life on other planets. 答案：debate whether or not 16 without doubt 毫无疑问，的确(教材P31) 归纳拓展 ①This was without doubt the most interesting situation that Amanda had ever found herself in. 这无疑是阿曼达遇到过的最有趣的情况。 ②No doubt the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth. 毫无疑问，这个剧院为该地区的发展和经济增长做出了贡献。 ③There is no doubt that being honest is for the benefit of the country and the individual. 毫无疑问，诚信对于国家和个人而言都有好处。 ④There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school. 对于秋季运动会将是否会在我们学校举行还有些怀疑。 名师点津　 (1)当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether (不可用if)引导的同位语从句；在否定句中接that引导的同位语从句。 (2)当doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中接whether或if引导的宾语从句；在否定句、疑问句中接that引导的宾语从句。 (1)单句语法填空 ①There is no doubt ________ she has the makings of a successful journalist. ②You can phone Tom if you like; however, I doubt ________ you will get him to come out on a late night. 答案：①that　②whether/if (2)单句表达 毫无疑问，汤姆是他班里最优秀的篮球运动员。 ______________， Tom is the best basketball player in his class. 答案：Without doubt 17 There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.(教材P31) 对于基因组编辑这一话题，要探索和讨论的还有很多。 剖析 There be＋主语＋to be done表示“有某事要被做”，非谓语动词to be done作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。 归纳拓展 该句式其他形式： ①There be＋主语＋doing表示主动和进行 ②There be＋主语＋done表示被动或完成 ③There be＋主语＋to do表示动作尚未发生 当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。 ①There is nothing to be seen. 没有什么东西可以被看到。 ②There are so many people quarreling in front of the market entrance. 有很多人在市场入口处吵架。 ③In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. 1812年，也就是查尔斯·狄更斯出生的那一年，英国出版了66部小说。 ④There is nothing to see. 没有什么东西可看。 ⑤There is no time to lose/to be lost. 时间不容耽搁。 单句语法填空 ①There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. ②There is only one more day ________ (go) before your favorite music group play live. ③Yet there is evidence ________ (suggest) that the trend is growing. 答案：①to solve/to be solved　②to go　③suggesting Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．________ (抵抗) to change has nearly destroyed the industry. 答案：Resistance 2．We were both happy with the result of the ________ (辩论)． 答案：debate 3．We ________ (限制) the number of students per class to 10. 答案：restrict 4．A new airport may be constructed in Nantong, in which case the ________ (节奏) of economic growth will be accelerated. 答案：pace 5．Your opinion will not ________ (影响) my decision. 答案：affect 6．Once plastic pollution a________ in most public area, it is hard to deal with. 答案：arises 7．Going out is a good m________ of relaxation. Would you like to go to the park with me in the afternoon? 答案：means 8．Every one in five Europeans will c________ a disease that causes memory loss. 答案：contract 9．Some 5­star hotels s________ in mouth­watering buffet, offering a rich selection of quality food. 答案：specialize 10．D________ the short message at once! Many a man has been cheated by such tricks up to now. 答案：Delete Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Body language is the language with which we express our ideas and feelings ________ means of body movements. 答案：by 2．You'd better put things ________ place; otherwise, it will be difficult to find them. 答案：in 3．Misunderstandings arising ________ lack of social communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems. 答案：from 4．Since the new ________ (prohibit) of drunk driving was introduced, the number of accidents in the area has fallen sharply. 答案：prohibition 5．Recently we had a heated debate ________ which way is better to get something done, working individually (单独地) or working in a team. 答案：about/over/on/upon 6．There is no doubt ________ China is a great country with a long history and rich culture. 答案：that 7．________ (ultimate), you'll have to make the decision yourself. 答案：Ultimately 8．Language is something that ________ (fundamental) distinguishes humans from animals. 答案：fundamentally 9．Clearly, dropping this ________ (restrict) would allow the other species to recover. 答案：restriction 10．The need to communicate is a key ________ (character) of human society. 答案：characteristic Ⅲ.单句表达 1．宪法禁止公民参加任何破坏国家的活动。 The constitution ____________________________________ any activity that damages the state. 答案：prohibits citizens from participating in 2．毫无疑问，先进武器是国家安全的保障。 ________________， the advanced weapons are a guarantee of national security. 答案：Without doubt 3．这位牙医以让病人拥有健康的牙齿为己任。 The dentist ________________________ his patients have healthy teeth. 答案：makes it a duty to let 4．参加马拉松比赛有很多事情需要准备。 __________________________________ to run a marathon. 答案：There are a lot of things to be prepared 5．我不知道如何准备以便赢得我的对手。 I don't know __________________ to win my opponent. 答案：how to prepare 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 A 60­pound bird has been given a second life. His caretakers came up with a(n) 1 solution for putting him on the road to 2 . Bill, the turkey, is just one of the many “ 3 ” at the Odd Man Inn Animal Rescue in Washington, home to a number of 4 ， like goats and chickens. After Bill was 5 to the nonprofit reserve from a farm, an infected 6 on his right leg left him unable to 7 . Although his caretakers managed to get his 8 taken care of by a vet, they quickly realized how 9 it was to turn the turkey over to change his bandages. Not only that, the vet said the turkey would need to lose 10 if wanted to walk on his right leg again. Rather than 11 their feathered friend, the caretakers adjusted a Walking Wheels wheelchair to help Bill. The caretakers fitted the wheelchair with a sling (悬带) to 12 Bill's weight while he got his daily exercise. This has also allowed his caretakers to change his bandages without breaking a 13 ． Since Bill began using the wheelchair for his daily 14 therapy (治疗) sessions last week, he has slowly but steadily regained his ability to walk 15 ， making his caretakers thrilled. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了火鸡Bill(比尔)右腿上的伤口因受感染而无法行走，于是它的看护人想出了一个创新的办法来帮助它康复。 1．A.expensive B．innovative C.delicate D．ordinary 答案：B　根据下文“the caretakers adjusted a Walking Wheels wheelchair to help Bill”可知，Bill的看护人为它想出了一个创新的办法。故选B。 2．A.appearance B．popularity C.recovery D．freedom 答案：C　此处表示Bill的看护人想出了一个创新的办法，让它走上康复之路。recovery “康复”。故选C。 3．A.visitors B．doctors C.founders D．residents 答案：D　根据下文“at the Odd Man Inn Animal Rescue in Washington, home to a number of 4 ， like goats and chickens”可知，火鸡Bill只是华盛顿Odd Man Inn动物救助中心众多“居民”中的一员。故选D。 4．A.feeders B．volunteers C.animals D．workers 答案：C　根据下文“like goats and chickens”可知，Odd Man Inn动物救助中心是很多动物的家园。故选C。 5．A.exposed B．admitted C.compared D．attached 答案：B　此处表示Bill被送进这个非营利保护区。admit “允许进入”。故选B。 6．A.sign B．cut C.object D．shape 答案：B　此处表示Bill右腿上的伤口受感染使它无法行走。cut “伤口”。故选B。 7．A.walk B．play C.speak D．reach 答案：A　根据下文“if wanted to walk on his right leg again”可知，此处表示无法行走。walk为同词复现。故选A。 8．A.leg B．back C.head D．neck 答案：A　根据上文“on his right leg”可知，Bill的看护人设法让兽医照顾它的腿。leg为同词复现。故选A。 9．A.interesting B．strange C.useful D．difficult 答案：D　根据语境可知，此处表示把火鸡翻转过来给它换绷带是困难的。故选D。 10．A.faith B．weight C.sense D．opportunity 答案：B　此处表示如果这只火鸡还想用右腿走路，就需要减肥。lose weight “减肥”。故选B。 11．A.running out of B．looking up to C.giving up on D．getting out of 答案：C　根据下文“the caretakers adjusted a Walking Wheels wheelchair to help Bill”可知，此处表示看护人没有放弃它们的有羽毛的朋友Bill。give up on “放弃”。故选C。 12．A.support B．gain C.measure D．test 答案：A　根据语境可知，此处表示给轮椅装上了悬带以便Bill每天锻炼时悬带可以支撑它的体重。故选A。 13．A.record B．promise C.law D．sweat 答案：D　此处表示给轮椅装上悬带也使得Bill的看护人可以毫不费力地给它换绷带。without break a sweat “毫不费力地”。故选D。 14．A.emotional B．psychological C.physical D．mental 答案：C　此处表示上周Bill开始使用轮椅进行日常身体治疗。physical “身体的”。故选C。 15．A.improperly B．instantly C.illegally D．independently 答案：D　此处表示在看护人的帮助下，Bill已经慢慢但稳步地恢复了独立行走的能力。independently “独立地”。故选D。 Ⅱ　阅读 Identical twins (同卵双胞胎) may not be exact copies at the DNA level after all. Normally, identical twins differ by 5.2 genetic changes. Researchers shared their new finding in Nature Genetics. Identical twins are also called monozygotic twins (单卵双胞胎). They come from a single egg. That egg forms an embryo (胚胎). Then, it splits into two embryos. Each of these embryos will go on to become a baby. Identical twins have long been thought to have the exact same genes. That's why some scientific studies study these twins. Such studies try to determine whether particular features， diseases or conditions are due to genes or instead reflect environmental influences. Any differences in the health of identical twins were thought to be due to different environmental exposures. The new findings, though, suggest that genetic changes might also explain why identical twins aren't truly identical. Researchers in Iceland studied 381 pairs of identical twins. Then the scientists studied all the genes in each person carefully. Only 38 pairs of twins had all the same genes. Most twin pairs differed somewhat in their DNA.Those differences likely arose long before birth. It could have happened either just before one embryo split to form two or it could have happened shortly after the split. Some of the twins had many genetic differences. Thirty­nine pairs had more than 100 differences in their genes. Gene changes, or mutations (突变), seen in the newly studied twins suggest that embryos don't split neatly in half when twins form. Some twins may arise when a single cell or a small group of cells splits off from an embryo. How many cells each twin originates from may determine how genetically different they are. More uneven splits of the embryo may lead to a greater number of gene differences in the twins. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员研究发现同卵双胞胎在基因方面并不是完全相同的。 1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1? A．Make a comparison. B．Propose a definition. C．Present a conclusion. D．Raise an argument. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，同卵双胞胎在DNA水平上可能并不完全相同。正常情况下，同卵双胞胎基因变化相差5.2。研究人员在《自然遗传学》杂志上分享了他们的新发现。由此可推知，作者在第一段直接给出了研究的发现。故选C。 2．What may explain the reason why identical twins aren't the same? A．Some diseases. B．Education effects. C．The genetic origin. D．The changes of gene. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The new findings, though, suggest that genetic changes might also explain why identical twins aren't truly identical.”可知，新的研究发现基因变化也可能是同卵双胞胎不完全一样的一个原因。故选D。 3．What does the research in Iceland show? A．Almost all the twins have no difference in genes. B．Half of twins have more than 100 differences in genes. C．About ten percent of twins share the same genes. D．Gene differences usually occur shortly after the split. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段前三句“Researchers in Iceland studied 381 pairs of identical twins. Then the scientists studied all the genes in each person carefully. Only 38 pairs of twins had all the same genes.”可知，381对同卵双胞胎中只有38对拥有完全相同的基因，占比10%。故选C。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Some Identical Twins Don't Have the Same DNA B．Many People Have the Exactly Similar Genes C．Not All the Identical Twins Look the Same D．Identical Twins Attract Many Researchers 答案：A　标题判断题。根据第一段第一句“Identical twins (同卵双胞胎) may not be exact copies at the DNA level after all.”可知，同卵双胞胎在DNA水平上可能并不完全相同。这是科研人员的新发现，是文章主题句，后文详细阐述了研究过程，因此A项(有些同卵双胞胎并不拥有相同的基因)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 1．feature n. 特征 2．reflect v. 反映，折射 3．exposure n. 暴露，公布 after all 毕竟，终究 Ⅲ　语法填空 Following four years of planning and research, the world's first 3D printed footbridge (人行桥) recently opened to the public in Europe. The almost 40­foot bridge, which was unveiled (首次亮相) last month, 1 (build) by Dutch company MX3D and will serve as a “living laboratory” in Amsterdam's city center. 2 (engineer) at Imperial College London were able to 3D­print the bridge, 3 now serves pedestrians and cyclists crossing Amsterdam's Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal. “A 3D­printed metal structure large and strong enough 4 (handle) pedestrian traffic has never been constructed before，” said Imperial College London professor Leroy Gardner in a news release. Designers first 5 (create) the concept for the bridge in 2015, with the goal of making an “exceptionally efficient structure，” 6 (emphasize) both simplicity and safety, according to Popular Mechanics. “We have tested the structure and 7 (it) components throughout the printing process and it's fantastic to see it 8 (final) open to the public，” Gardner said. Now that the bridge is unveiled, researchers at Imperial College London will begin collecting data in real­time to monitor 9 it behaves with foot and cyclist traffic. “Research into this new technology for the construction industry has huge potential for the future，” said Imperial College London co­contributor Dr Craig Buchanan. “It 10 (fascinate) and we are delighted that the structure is now ready to be used.” 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________ 　5．________ 6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了世界上第一座3D打印的人行天桥在欧洲首次对行人开放。 1．was built　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语The almost 40­foot bridge与谓语动词build 之间为被动关系，且主语为单数，根据上文was可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was built。 2．Engineers　考查名词。设空处作主语，应用名词，根据下文的谓语动词were able to可知，此处应用复数，且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Engineers。 3．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bridge，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 4．to handle　考查非谓语动词。句意：3D打印的金属结构大而坚固，足以应付行人交通，这是前所未有的。enough后常用不定式作状语，故填to handle。 5．created　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in 2015可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填created。 6．emphasizing　考查非谓语动词。emphasize与structure之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填emphasizing。 7．its　考查代词。设空处修饰名词components，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 8．finally　考查词性转换。设空处作状语，修饰形容词open，应用副词，故填finally。 9．how　考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“如何，怎样……”，应用连接副词how，故填how。 10．has been fascinating　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下文“we are delighted that the structure is now ready to be used”可知，前面的动作从过去发生一直持续到现在，还有可能继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，且主语为It，故填has been fascinating。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom听说中医针灸在医疗中凸显效用，对此非常感兴趣。请给他回一封电子邮件，为他介绍一下中医针灸的相关信息。要点包括： 1．历史及地位； 2．在医疗中的作用； 3．发展前景。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：中医针灸 Chinese acupuncture Dear Tom， How is everything going？　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Tom， How is everything going? Hearing that you are interested in Chinese acupuncture, I am writing to give you a detailed description of it. Chinese acupuncture has a history of thousands of years, which can date back to Stone Age. It is an indispensable part of Chinese culture and it has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. What is worth mentioning is that Chinese acupuncture has played an important role in the treatment of novel coronavirus. The reason is that Chinese acupuncture can build up people's body and have no side effects. I certainly believe if it is put to good use, it will benefit mankind. Yours， Li Hua 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A The great outdoors is the place to head for when you're in need of peace and quiet, open spaces, beautiful scenery and exercise. Whether we choose a huge mountain range or a local country park, these natural areas are perfect for us to refresh ourselves from our stressful lives, and their therapeutic effect is being used more and more to treat mental health. For example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, specialist therapy sessions are held to help people who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress. Outdoor art－related activities are held for patients, but the setting alone has been credited with improving the mood of patients. Art psychotherapist Pamela Stanley told the BBC that there was a growing body of evidence supporting eco－therapy. It's true that for most of us connecting with the natural world definitely lifts our spirits. The mental health charity Mind says eco－therapy has been recognized as a formal type of treatment that can sometimes be prescribed to someone by a doctor. It doesn't involve taking medication; instead it just develops a person's relationship with nature. This natural remedy can take many forms, including doing yoga in a forest, gardening or even hugging a tree. Evidence has shown there are many benefits of this “green” therapy, including improving, social and work skills. It's what Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls “psychological restoration”. She said in the All in the Mind programme that nature－based therapies should be part of a “toolkit” of care for patients. Of course, eco－therapy can't cure everything, but it is an option open to therapists, and as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it's good to know that help might lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的理疗方式——生态疗法，即在大自然的环境中缓解心理上的压力，进而舒缓身心，缓解疲惫，甚至治疗心理疾病。 1．In what way does nature work in the therapeutic effect？ A．It helps people get much relieved. B．It helps people do bodybuilding. C．It is doctors' preference for treatments. D．It can help us fully recover from the illness. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，巨大的山脉和当地的郊野公园都是让我们从压力大的生活中恢复精力的完美场所。由此可知，大自然通过帮助人们放松来发挥其治疗作用。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “remedy” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Option. B．Contact. C．Treatment. D．Effect. 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前两句可知，生态疗法已被公认为一种正式的治疗方式，有时可以由医生给人开处方，它只是让人与自然之间的关系得到发展。再结合画线词所在句中的“including doing yoga in a forest, gardening or even hugging a tree”可知，“This natural remedy”指的就是生态疗法这种天然的治疗方式；由此可推知，remedy的意思与treatment接近。故选C。 3．What might be the best way of receiving eco－therapy? A．Tending a garden. B．Taking medicine. C．Meditating at home. D．Gathering with friends. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，这种自然疗法可以采取多种形式，比如在森林里做瑜伽，做园艺，甚至拥抱一棵树。再结合选项可知，照料花园是生态疗法的推荐方式之一。故选A。 4．What is Dr Rachel Bragg's attitude towards the eco－therapy? A．Unwilling. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Positive. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，Dr Rachel Bragg(雷切尔·布拉格博士)在All in the Mind节目中表示，基于自然的疗法应该成为护理病人的“工具包”的一部分。由此可推知，Dr Rachel Bragg对生态疗法持积极态度。故选D。 B Hospitals in Southwest China's Sichuan province for the first time used 5G technology for disaster medical rescue， after a magnitude 6.0 earthquake hit Changning county on 17 June, 2019. This is the world's first case of applying 5G technology to disaster medical rescue. According to the official Weibo account of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, at 1：25 pm on 18 June, an ambulance equipped with a 5G emergency rescue system—the first of its kind in the country—carrying a medical team from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and engineers from China Mobile Sichuan Company and China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute assisting in the joint rescue efforts arrived at Changning County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). At around 9：30 pm, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital launched a 5G real­time remote video consultation with its medical team on a patient admitted to Changning County Hospital of TCM for a suspected spleen rupture (脾脏破裂)． According to Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, the 5G emergency rescue system, which puts artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (增强现实), virtual reality and drone (无人机) applications together, allows a series of medical checks including blood tests, electrocardiograms and ultrasounds (心电图和超声波) to be given to patients right away. The information can then be transferred back to the hospital in real time, which greatly saves time in rescuing patients. The rescue system also helped a 72­year­old patient who had his bone broken in the earthquake. According to report from Chinanews.com, a temporary ward supported by 5G technology was established at the epicenter of the disaster zone for consultation with doctors from Chengdu, as the aged patient had a previous history of high blood pressure and cerebral infarction (脑梗塞), which made him more careful treatment. “The 5G­based network thoroughly solved the problems of poor definition and distortion (失真) of images, as well as interrupted signal transmissions，” said Li Wei, director of the emergency center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在地震发生后，四川省的医院首次使用5G技术进行灾难医疗救援。 5．Who did the disaster medical rescue with 5G technology? A．Doctors and engineers. B．Firefighters and soldiers. C．Earthquake professionals. D．5G rescue system's inventors. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，参与用5G技术进行灾难医疗救援工作的有医疗队的医生和中国移动的工程师。故选A。 6．What is the advantage of the 5G emergency rescue system? A．Spending less time in rescuing patients. B．Treating all patients without any doctors. C．Using an advanced technology. D．Promoting the accuracy of medical diagnosis. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“which greatly saves time in rescuing patients”可知，5G应急救援系统的优势是花更少的时间抢救病人。故选A。 7．Why did the aged patient need more careful treatment? A．He was too old to be cured. B．He had diseases of old age. C．He had the worst injury to his legs. D．He didn't follow doctors' advice. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“as the aged patient had a previous ... more careful treatment”可推知，老年患者需要更仔细的治疗是因为他患有老年疾病。故选B。 8．What is the text talking about? A．A deadly earthquake in China. B．5G technology first used in disaster medical rescue. C．Ways of applying 5G technology to medicine. D．The first 5G emergency rescue system. 答案：B　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在2019年6月17日长宁县发生里氏6.0级地震后，四川省的医院首次使用5G技术进行灾难医疗救援。因此B项(5G技术首次用于灾难医疗救援。)能够概括文章主要内容。故选B。 1．rescue n. 营救 2.assist v. 帮助，援助 3．launch v. 发起，开始从事 4．temporary adj. 临时的 equip with 配备，装备 C LONDON—A smart toilet could offer a mini health check every time you take a seat, scientists said recently, but privacy campaigners and potential users said the idea sat uncomfortably with them. The device would identify users through an anal (肛门) scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US­led team who developed the prototype (原型)． “We know it seems strange, but as it turns out, your anal print is unique，” said Sanjiv Gambhir, a radiology professor at Stanford University, who led work on the project. “The smart toilet is the perfect way to make use of a source of data that's typically ignored，” Gambhir said. “Everyone uses the bathroom—there's really no avoiding it—and that enhances its value as a disease­detecting device.” A set of devices fitted inside the toilet bowl identifies the users and monitors their waste for signs of ill health which could be shared with their doctors, researchers said in the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering. Such devices could become common place in homes, said Gambhir, as consumers accept health monitoring tools like smartwatches and internet­connected home devices. But many were concerned about releasing their privacy, the researchers found following a 300­person survey to assess acceptance. Three in ten respondents said they would not want to use a smart toilet, with only about half reporting they would be “somewhat” or “very” comfortable with it. The most commonly reported concerns were over privacy and data security, found researchers, who said information gathered would be stored in a secure, cloud­based system. Despite those assurances, privacy campaigners expressed fears about security problems. “Health data contains the most sensitive and revealing information about anyone，” said Edin Omanovic, advocacy director at London­based charity Privacy International. “Linking it to someone's biometric ID risks exposing private details to third parties, either through data sharing or security drawbacks which leave back doors exposed.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款智能马桶，它能帮助使用者检测疾病；但同时，这款智能马桶也存在弊端。 9．What does this smart toilet use to detect disease? A．A smartwatch. B.A seat. C．A cloud­based system. D.A camera. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，该马桶是通过摄像头扫描肛门来检测疾病的。故选D。 10．What can we know about the disease­detecting devices? A．They are widely accepted. B．Gamhhir has confidence in their future. C．Their function has been improved recently. D．Signs of illness can he removed through them. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Gambhir(甘比尔)认为这类设备可能会在家庭中普及，由此可推知，Gambhir对像智能马桶这样的疾病检测设备的未来充满信心。故选B。 11．What can we infer about health data from the last paragraph? A．It needn't be taken seriously. B.It will be treated properly. C．It may not be shared publicly. D.It can be exposed illegally. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，该智能马桶可能会通过数据共享或其潜在的安全缺陷而将私人信息泄露给第三方。由此可推知，健康数据有可能非法泄露给其他人。故选D。 12．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The use of a smart toilet B.The value of a smart toilet C．A smart toilet without privacy D.A smart toilet with good intention 答案：D　标题判断题。文章主要介绍了一款智能马桶，它能够通过摄像头进行肛门扫描并结合使用者排泄物检测疾病；但同时，由于将数据共享给医生或其潜在的安全隐患，这款智能马桶也存在个人信息泄露的风险。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$