高二英语上学期期中模拟卷（北师大版）

2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷 英语·素养提升卷·参考答案 （满分：100分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 11. saw 12. had mastered 13. leaving 14. advantages 15. which 16. to ensure 17. responsibly 18. best 19. lifted 20. the 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 35. C 36. A 37. G 38. D 39. F 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 40. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. 41. (The key elements of self-love are) self-acceptance, self-compassion and self-care. 42. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way .When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. 43. Self-love boosts self-confidence, helping us face challenges bravely. When I failed an exam, instead of self-blaming, I comforted myself and analyzed mistakes. I made a detailed study plan based on the analysis, With self-love as my driving force, I gradually improved my performance and regained my confidence in learning. 第二节（20分） Dear Professor Jim, I’m Li Hua, a student from Grade Two of our school. On behalf of my school, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to give a lecture titled “How to Learn English Efficiently”. The lecture will be given in our school lecture hall next Friday afternoon. The main purpose of it is to help students learn practical English learning strategies, as many of us still struggle with inefficient methods. We hope the lecture can cover three key parts: how to learn English effectively, how to increase interest in English learning, and how to develop self-directed learning skills. The lecture is expected to last about 90 minutes. We would be extremely grateful if you could accept our invitation. Please let us know if you have any schedule conflicts. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷 英语·素养提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分知识运用、阅读理解和书面表达三部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第一、二部分时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第三部分时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．测试范围：高二选择性必修一Unit 1~Unit 3（北师大版）。 5. 难度系数：0.60。 6．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a student planning to study management, I realised that classroom alone wouldn’t be enough to fully prepare me for the challenges from the world. Eager to gain market-related experience before university, I stepped into the world of ___1___ this summer. I noticed a problem in my community: the electricity supply was not ___2___, often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need for a charging station, so I decided to open one to ___3___ the issue. What started as a way to prepare myself for college quickly turned into a meaningful project, shaping my understanding of how business can not only ___4___ practical needs but also make a lasting impact in a community. The response to my business was ___5___. On the first three days alone, I made $406. That initial success was more than just encouraging — it was ___6___ that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services. Seeing people stream into the center, grateful for the charging service, ___7___ my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others. The journey of starting this business was not without challenges. When I needed ___8___ to start the business, I negotiated with my relatives to give me two cows, which I then sold to raise funds. I also ___9___ technical skills to handle the electrical work myself, which reduced my startup costs. Today, the charging center is alive with activities. The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as I begin my university journey. Looking back, I can see how these ____10____ lessons have set a stage for the future. 1 A. medicine B. literature C. business D. science 2. A. reliable B. private C. affordable D. renewable 3. A. discuss B. raise C. report D. address 4. A. promote B. replace C. meet D. guide 5. A. disappointing B. incredible C. strange D. embarrassing 6. A. proof B. doubt C. hope D. fear 7. A. confused B. challenged C. confirmed D. changed 8. A. income B. capital C. price D. profit 9. A. run out of B. got rid of C. reflected on D. drew on 10. A. practical B. classic C. familiar D. cultural 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Chinese paper-cutting is a wonderful art form with a long history. I still remember the first time I ____11____ (see) my grandmother cut a piece of paper into a beautiful butterfly. She ____12____ (master) the basic skills of this craft long before I was born. With a pair of sharp scissors, she created delicate patterns, ____13____ (leave) me in complete amazement. To me, it was not just a piece of art; it was a piece of our culture. B Artificial Intelligence is changing our world in numerous ways. One of its greatest ____14____ (advantage) is that it can process huge amounts of data efficiently. Self-driving cars, ____15____ rely on AI to sense the environment, are a typical example. Companies aim to develop even smarter systems in the future. However, it is crucial ____16____ (ensure) that these technologies are used ____17____ (responsible). C Last month, I finally received the letter of admission from Peking University. With trembling hands, I opened it and was overjoyed. It was the ____18____(good) news I had ever had! The moment I had been dreaming of arrived. I felt a great weight ____19____(lift) off my shoulders. My hard work had paid off, and a new chapter of my life was about to begin, filling me with excitement for all ____20____ possibilities that lay ahead. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Milton Community Center Milton Community Center provides a variety of programs and activities to improve the quality of life for young adults of different ages. First and Goal Club Date: March 17th—May 2nd Ages: 12—14 First and Goal Club is a youth development program where students will have the opportunity to build self-confidence and grow as young adults. Here they will develop good healthy behaviors and improve working cooperation. Mid–winter Break Camp Date: January 26th—January 29th Ages: 13—15 Students will enjoy a fun and positive environment at Mid-winter Break Camp. They will go on educational and exciting trips, as well as joining in fun activities here at the Center. Students must bring lunch with them every day. iMatter Date: April 24th—May 14th Ages: 14—18 iMatter is designed to prepare the youth for their future life. This program will cover personal and professional improvement to get our young people ready for future jobs. Speakers from different work fields will come and speak about their walk of life. College Tour Date: March 8th—June 4th Ages: 16—18 Young adults will have opportunities to explore several colleges. Transportation will be provided from the Milton Community Center. Drinking water will be offered, but no lunch. For more information, please click here or visit http://miltoncommunity.com 21. If you are free in January, you can apply for ________. A. First and Goal Club B. Mid–winter Break Camp C. iMatter D. College Tour 22. What can you do in iMatter? A. Go on educational trips. B. Learn speaking skills. C. Get professional improvement. D. Explore several colleges. 23. Where are you likely to find this passage? A. On a website. B. In a magazine. C. In a brochure. D. On a noticeboard. B Last year as my 9-year-old son, Leopold, and I were preparing for a mom-son ski trip to Keystone, I came up with a rule: We would say yes to everything, including food and experiences—especially new ones. Leopold is a picky eater and can be hesitant to try new things. I was hoping to find a way to encourage him without turning to worn-out proverbs like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So I borrowed the idea of a Yes Day, something our family has done a handful of times since watching the movie of the same name. We started saying yes before we even boarded our flight, when we stopped at a breakfast buffet at the airport. For me, that meant I sampled a vegan meatball (素食肉丸), while Leopold tried a mouse bite of hash browns (土豆饼) he said looked “funny”. Neither of us went back for seconds, but we each rated our new foods as “not bad.” The next day, after we got settled at our hotel, I took Leopold to meet his snowboarding instructor. He had taken a few lessons back at home but had never had the opportunity to snowboard on a mountain of this size. While he was in snowboarding school, I skied by myself. Inspired by Leopold, who had kept to our bargain and faced his fears time and time again, I challenged myself to ski an intermediate blue run (中级赛道). There was a part that was steeper (更陡峭) than I thought, but I did my slow, diligent S-turns and I made it down without being hurt. I was proud of myself for trying something new. Later that afternoon, when Leopold and I were reunited back at the room, he asked if we could try the outdoor hot bath. Mind you, it was winter, and the only thing I hate more than being cold is being cold and wet When I started to object, Leopold quoted our rule. Yes, it was cold, and yes, I was wet. But it was also refreshing to feel the cold air on my skin, and the warm water felt that much better once we got in. Getting out was a different story, but the experience was a delight as Leopold and I braved it together. 24. Why did the author suggest the “say yes” rule? A. Her son demanded too much of food. B. Her son was unwilling to try new things. C. They hoped to keep their family tradition. D. They liked to live a life shown in a movie. 25. During the trip, Leopold ________. A. complained about the food there B. was afraid of skiing on a mountain C. chose to ski a medium-level track D. proposed to take an outdoor bath 26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Leopold? A. Determined. B. Outgoing. C. Modest. D. Creative 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Take life as it comes. B. Like mother, like son. C. Brave attempt offers delight. D. Extreme joy produces sorrow. C Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops. Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth (飞蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推测的) for now, she says. 28. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that________. A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt B. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants C. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered D. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves 29. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious. 30. It can be learnt from the research that ________. A. greenhouse effects can be avoided B. soil condition can be adjusted in time C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster D. insects can be detected and removed easily D Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 31. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. 32. The author believes that . A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI 33. As for AIs, what does the author value most? A. Reliability. B. Practicability. C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.____35____ Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.____36____ Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood. Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood. In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.____37____ For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends. ____38____ Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning. But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.____39____ Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later. A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically. B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect? C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood? D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships. E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult. F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes. G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We often seek fulfilling relationships for happiness, yet forget it lies within us. But have you ever wondered that with so many advocates of self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? Self-love is the root of all your healthy relationships. The stronger your roots are, the more difficult it will be for winds to knock down the branches. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters. Since relying on others’ care is impractical, only we can provide the best care for ourselves. Self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Actually, self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. First of all, self-love empowers us to define relationship boundaries. Knowing our worth enables us to tell what we’ll accept, having a clear grasp of our needs, values, and limits. For example, an efficient administrative assistant is often asked by colleagues to handle all the paperwork and scheduling tasks. But with self-love, she knows to balance her own core work and personal development. She offers reasonable assistance, not taking on the entire workload, setting boundaries as she understands her value and the importance of a balanced team. Moreover, self-love is vital in conflict resolution in a relationship. When people truly love themselves, they have a healthier understanding of everything. They have more confidence and self-esteem to be able to voice their opinions. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. Ultimately, self-love is the compass guiding us to personal satisfaction and harmonious connections. Cultivating this love paves the way for balanced, respectful relationships, enriching our lives and those around us. 40. What is the nature of self-love? 41. What are the key elements of self-love according to the passage? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. 43. How can self-love benefit you in your daily life?(In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华，你所在学校拟在下周开一个“如何高效地学习英语”的讲座。请你根据以下要点给Jim教授写一封信，邀请他给学生做这次讲座。内容包括： 1.讲座时间地点及目的；2.讲座内容。 参考词汇：策略strategy 注意： 1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Professor Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Li Hua 试题 第7页（共10页） 试题 第8页（共10页） 试题 第9页（共10页） 试题 第10页（共10页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷 英语·素养提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分知识运用、阅读理解和书面表达三部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第一、二部分时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第三部分时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．测试范围：高二选择性必修一Unit 1~Unit 3（北师大版）。 5. 难度系数：0.60。 6．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a student planning to study management, I realised that classroom alone wouldn’t be enough to fully prepare me for the challenges from the world. Eager to gain market-related experience before university, I stepped into the world of ___1___ this summer. I noticed a problem in my community: the electricity supply was not ___2___, often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need for a charging station, so I decided to open one to ___3___ the issue. What started as a way to prepare myself for college quickly turned into a meaningful project, shaping my understanding of how business can not only ___4___ practical needs but also make a lasting impact in a community. The response to my business was ___5___. On the first three days alone, I made $406. That initial success was more than just encouraging — it was ___6___ that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services. Seeing people stream into the center, grateful for the charging service, ___7___ my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others. The journey of starting this business was not without challenges. When I needed ___8___ to start the business, I negotiated with my relatives to give me two cows, which I then sold to raise funds. I also ___9___ technical skills to handle the electrical work myself, which reduced my startup costs. Today, the charging center is alive with activities. The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as I begin my university journey. Looking back, I can see how these ____10____ lessons have set a stage for the future. 1 A. medicine B. literature C. business D. science 2. A. reliable B. private C. affordable D. renewable 3. A. discuss B. raise C. report D. address 4. A. promote B. replace C. meet D. guide 5. A. disappointing B. incredible C. strange D. embarrassing 6. A. proof B. doubt C. hope D. fear 7. A. confused B. challenged C. confirmed D. changed 8. A. income B. capital C. price D. profit 9. A. run out of B. got rid of C. reflected on D. drew on 10. A. practical B. classic C. familiar D. cultural 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了在大学前积累市场相关经验，开始创业经营充电站的过程和感悟。 1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：渴望在大学前获得与市场相关的经验，今年夏天我踏入了商界。A. medicine医学；B. literature文学；C. business商业；D. science科学。根据上文“Eager to gain market-related experience”可知，作者想要获得与市场相关的经验，因此踏入了商界。故选C。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到我的社区存在一个问题：电力供应不可靠，经常不足，导致频繁停电，影响日常生活。A. reliable可靠的；B. private私人的；C. affordable负担得起的；D. renewable可再生的。根据下文“often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts”可知，电力供应不足，导致频繁停电，说明电力供应不可靠。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这产生了对充电站的明显需求，所以我决定开设一个来解决这个问题。A. discuss讨论；B. raise提高；C. report报告；D. address解决。根据上文“This created a clear need for a charging station”可知，社区需要充电站，所以作者决定开设一个来解决这个问题。故选D。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个最初只是为了为大学做准备的项目，很快变成了一个有意义的项目，塑造了我对商业如何不仅能满足实际需求，还能在社区中产生持久影响的理解。A. promote促进；B. replace替换；C. meet满足；D. guide指导。根据下文“practical needs”可知，此处指满足实际需求。故选C。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生意反响令人难以置信。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. strange奇怪的；D. embarrassing尴尬的。根据下文“On the first three days alone, I made $406.”可知，作者三天就赚了406美元，说明生意反响令人难以置信。故选B。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一初步的成功不仅仅是鼓舞人心的——它证明了我正在解决一个真正的问题，而且我的服务有市场。A. proof证明；B. doubt怀疑；C. hope希望；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services”可知，作者的生意成功证明了他正在解决一个真正的问题，而且他的服务有市场。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到人们涌入中心，对充电服务表示感谢，这证实了我的信念：商业就是满足需求，为他人服务。A. confused使困惑；B. challenged挑战；C. confirmed证实；D. changed改变。根据下文“my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others”可知，人们的反应证实了作者对商业的信念。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我需要资金来创业时，我与亲戚谈判，让他们给我两头牛，然后我把牛卖掉来筹集资金。A. income收入；B. capital资金；C. price价格；D. profit利润。根据下文“which I then sold to raise funds”可知，作者卖掉牛来筹集资金，说明他创业时需要资金。故选B。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我还利用自己的专业技术自行完成了电气安装工作，这降低了我的启动成本。A. run out of用完；B. got rid of摆脱；C. reflected on反思；D. drew on利用，接近。根据后文“which reduced my startup costs”可知，作者利用专业技术自行完成了电气安装工作，这降低了他的创业成本。故选D。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我可以看到这些实践课程如何为未来奠定了基础。A. practical实际的；B. classic经典的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文作者创业的经历可知，作者从中学到了实际的经验，这些实践课程为他的未来奠定了基础。故选A。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Chinese paper-cutting is a wonderful art form with a long history. I still remember the first time I ____11____ (see) my grandmother cut a piece of paper into a beautiful butterfly. She ____12____ (master) the basic skills of this craft long before I was born. With a pair of sharp scissors, she created delicate patterns, ____13____ (leave) me in complete amazement. To me, it was not just a piece of art; it was a piece of our culture. 【答案】11. saw 12. had mastered 13. leaving 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次看祖母剪纸的经历以及剪纸艺术对作者的意义。 11. 考查动词时态。句意：我仍然记得第一次看到祖母把一张纸剪成一只美丽的蝴蝶的情景。the first time后为定语从句，本空为从句谓语，从句描述的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用动词过去式saw。故填saw。 12. 考查动词时态。句意：她在我出生前很久就掌握了这门手艺的基本技能。master在主句中作谓语，master“掌握”这一动作发生在“I was born”之前，时态用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”谓语用had mastered。故填had mastered。 13. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她用一把锋利的剪刀，创造出精致的图案，让我完全惊呆了。本句已有谓语动词created，所以leave用非谓语形式，leave与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填leaving。 B Artificial Intelligence is changing our world in numerous ways. One of its greatest ____14____ (advantage) is that it can process huge amounts of data efficiently. Self-driving cars, ____15____ rely on AI to sense the environment, are a typical example. Companies aim to develop even smarter systems in the future. However, it is crucial ____16____ (ensure) that these technologies are used ____17____ (responsible). 【答案】14. advantages 15. which 16. to ensure 17. responsibly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能以多种方式改变世界及其应用需负责任。 14. 考查名词。句意：它最大的优势之一是能够高效地处理大量数据。根据one of可知，此处应用advantage“优势”的复数形式advantages。故填advantages。 15. 考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶汽车就是一个典型的例子，它们依靠人工智能来感知环境。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Self-driving cars，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 16. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，确保这些技术得到负责任地使用是至关重要的。it是形式主语，本空应填动词ensure“确保”的不定式to ensure，作真正的主语。故填to ensure。 17. 考查副词。句意：然而，确保这些技术得到负责任地使用是至关重要的。本空修饰动词used，作状语，应用副词形式responsibly“负责任地”。故填responsibly。 C Last month, I finally received the letter of admission from Peking University. With trembling hands, I opened it and was overjoyed. It was the ____18____(good) news I had ever had! The moment I had been dreaming of arrived. I felt a great weight ____19____(lift) off my shoulders. My hard work had paid off, and a new chapter of my life was about to begin, filling me with excitement for all ____20____ possibilities that lay ahead. 【答案】18. best 19. lifted 20. the 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者收到北京大学录取通知书后，感到无比喜悦和如释重负，并期待即将开始的新生活。 18. 考查形容词最高级。句意：这是我听到过的最好的消息！根据空前的“the”及空后的“news I had ever had”可知，此处要用形容词的最高级作定语修饰名词news，表示“听过的最好的消息”，good的最高级形式为best。故填best。 19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我感到肩上的重担卸了下来。句子谓语为felt，空处为非谓语动词，作宾语a great weight的宾语补足语，动词lift与逻辑主语a great weight为被动关系，应用其过去分词形式lifted。故填lifted。 20. 考查冠词。句意：我的努力得到了回报，我人生的新篇章即将开始，我对未来的所有可能性都充满了兴奋。名词possibilities后接定语从句“that lay ahead”特指 “未来的那些可能性”，需用定冠词the修饰，表特指。故填the。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Milton Community Center Milton Community Center provides a variety of programs and activities to improve the quality of life for young adults of different ages. First and Goal Club Date: March 17th—May 2nd Ages: 12—14 First and Goal Club is a youth development program where students will have the opportunity to build self-confidence and grow as young adults. Here they will develop good healthy behaviors and improve working cooperation. Mid–winter Break Camp Date: January 26th—January 29th Ages: 13—15 Students will enjoy a fun and positive environment at Mid-winter Break Camp. They will go on educational and exciting trips, as well as joining in fun activities here at the Center. Students must bring lunch with them every day. iMatter Date: April 24th—May 14th Ages: 14—18 iMatter is designed to prepare the youth for their future life. This program will cover personal and professional improvement to get our young people ready for future jobs. Speakers from different work fields will come and speak about their walk of life. College Tour Date: March 8th—June 4th Ages: 16—18 Young adults will have opportunities to explore several colleges. Transportation will be provided from the Milton Community Center. Drinking water will be offered, but no lunch. For more information, please click here or visit http://miltoncommunity.com 21. If you are free in January, you can apply for ________. A. First and Goal Club B. Mid–winter Break Camp C. iMatter D. College Tour 22. What can you do in iMatter? A. Go on educational trips. B. Learn speaking skills. C. Get professional improvement. D. Explore several colleges. 23. Where are you likely to find this passage? A. On a website. B. In a magazine. C. In a brochure. D. On a noticeboard. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Milton社区中心为不同年龄的年轻人所提供的各种各样的项目和活动。 21.细节理解题。根据表格第二栏Mid–winter Break Camp部分中的“Date: January 26th—January 29th”(时间：1月26日-1月29日)可知，如果你在一月份有时间，可以申请Mid–winter Break Camp这个活动，故选B。 22.细节理解题。根据表格第三栏iMatter部分中的“This program will cover personal and professional improvement to get our young people ready for future jobs.”(这个项目将包括个人和专业的提升，让我们的年轻人为将来的工作做好准备。)可知，在iMatter这个项目中，你会得到专业提升，故选C。 23.细节理解题。根据最后一段“For more information, please click here or visit http://miltoncommunity.com”(想要了解更多信息，请点击此处或浏览此处：http://miltoncommunity.com)可知，http://miltoncommunity.com是一个网站，所以你有可能在网站上发现这篇文章，故选A。 B Last year as my 9-year-old son, Leopold, and I were preparing for a mom-son ski trip to Keystone, I came up with a rule: We would say yes to everything, including food and experiences—especially new ones. Leopold is a picky eater and can be hesitant to try new things. I was hoping to find a way to encourage him without turning to worn-out proverbs like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So I borrowed the idea of a Yes Day, something our family has done a handful of times since watching the movie of the same name. We started saying yes before we even boarded our flight, when we stopped at a breakfast buffet at the airport. For me, that meant I sampled a vegan meatball (素食肉丸), while Leopold tried a mouse bite of hash browns (土豆饼) he said looked “funny”. Neither of us went back for seconds, but we each rated our new foods as “not bad.” The next day, after we got settled at our hotel, I took Leopold to meet his snowboarding instructor. He had taken a few lessons back at home but had never had the opportunity to snowboard on a mountain of this size. While he was in snowboarding school, I skied by myself. Inspired by Leopold, who had kept to our bargain and faced his fears time and time again, I challenged myself to ski an intermediate blue run (中级赛道). There was a part that was steeper (更陡峭) than I thought, but I did my slow, diligent S-turns and I made it down without being hurt. I was proud of myself for trying something new. Later that afternoon, when Leopold and I were reunited back at the room, he asked if we could try the outdoor hot bath. Mind you, it was winter, and the only thing I hate more than being cold is being cold and wet When I started to object, Leopold quoted our rule. Yes, it was cold, and yes, I was wet. But it was also refreshing to feel the cold air on my skin, and the warm water felt that much better once we got in. Getting out was a different story, but the experience was a delight as Leopold and I braved it together. 24. Why did the author suggest the “say yes” rule? A. Her son demanded too much of food. B. Her son was unwilling to try new things. C. They hoped to keep their family tradition. D. They liked to live a life shown in a movie. 25. During the trip, Leopold ________. A. complained about the food there B. was afraid of skiing on a mountain C. chose to ski a medium-level track D. proposed to take an outdoor bath 26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Leopold? A. Determined. B. Outgoing. C. Modest. D. Creative 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Take life as it comes. B. Like mother, like son. C. Brave attempt offers delight. D. Extreme joy produces sorrow. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者带挑食且不愿尝试新事物的儿子滑雪旅行时，制定“凡事说 yes”规则，母子俩共同尝试新事物并收获快乐的经历。 24. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Leopold is a picky eater and can be hesitant to try new things. I was hoping to find a way to encourage him without turning to worn-out proverbs like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So I borrowed the idea of a Yes Day, something our family has done a handful of times since watching the movie of the same name. (利奥波德是个挑食的人，对尝试新事物犹豫不决。我希望找到一种方法来鼓励他，而不是求助于那些过时的谚语，比如“如果你不尝试，你永远不知道你是否喜欢它。”所以我借用了“Yes Day”的想法，自从看了同名电影后，我们家已经做过几次了)” 可知，作者提出“凡事说 yes”的规则，是因为儿子不愿尝试新事物。故选B项。 25. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Later that afternoon, when Leopold and I were reunited back at the room, he asked if we could try the outdoor hot bath. (那天下午晚些时候，我和利奥波德回到房间团聚时，他问我们能不能试试户外热水浴)”可知，旅行期间利奥波德提议去泡户外热水浴。故选D项。 26. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Inspired by Leopold, who had kept to our bargain and faced his fears time and time again, I challenged myself to ski an intermediate blue run (中级赛道). (利奥波德遵守了我们的约定，一次次直面自己的恐惧，这激励了我，我挑战自己滑了一段中级蓝道)”可知，利奥波德能坚持规则、多次克服恐惧，“有决心的”最能描述他的性格。故选A项。 27. 推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“Yes, it was cold, and yes, I was wet. But it was also refreshing to feel the cold air on my skin, and the warm water felt that much better once we got in. Getting out was a different story, but the experience was a delight as Leopold and I braved it together.(是的，天气很冷，是的，我浑身湿透了。但感觉凉风吹在我的皮肤上也很清爽，我们一进去，温水的感觉就好多了。离开这里是另一回事，但我和利奥波德一起勇敢地走出来，这段经历令人愉快)”以及作者尝试素食肉丸、挑战中级滑雪道，儿子尝试新食物、直面滑雪恐惧，母子俩都因勇敢尝试新事物收获了快乐，这些表明勇敢尝试能带来快乐。故选C项。 C Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops. Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth (飞蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推测的) for now, she says. 28. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that________. A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt B. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants C. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered D. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves 29. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious. 30. It can be learnt from the research that ________. A. greenhouse effects can be avoided B. soil condition can be adjusted in time C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster D. insects can be detected and removed easily 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了近年来研究发现植物具备感知能力，但人们通常仍认为它们是“沉默”的。最新研究首次记录到植物在受到胁迫时会发出人类听不到的超声波“哭泣”，这一发现可能为精准农业开辟新方向。 28. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“On average, drought - stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11.( 受干旱胁迫的番茄植株平均每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个声音)”可知，缺水（干旱胁迫）时番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，烟草植株每小时发出11个声音。这表明缺水的番茄植株比烟草植株对缺水这种压力更敏感，发出更多声音。故选B项。 29. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation.( 如果在田间情况下设置录音的成本不太高，那么将干旱胁迫植物发出的声音用于精准农业的建议似乎是可行的)”和最后一段“She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推测的) for now, she says.(她警告说，目前这些结果还无法推广到其他胁迫因素，比如盐分或温度，因为这些因素可能不会导致植物发出声音。此外，她表示，目前还没有实验表明飞蛾或任何其他动物能否听到植物发出的声音并作出反应，因此这一观点目前仍属于推测性的)”可知，她既认可该发现有一定可行性，又指出了存在的问题，态度是谨慎的。故选D项。 30. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants' sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency.( 甚至可以通过区分声音来知道重音是什么。研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，在大多数情况下，根据声音的强度和频率，正确识别出压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的)”可知，通过声音能够区分植物所受的压力，比如是干旱还是割伤造成的。这意味着可以更快地诊断植物的状况。故选C项。 D Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 31. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. 32. The author believes that . A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI 33. As for AIs, what does the author value most? A. Reliability. B. Practicability. C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。当涉及到下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等棘手的科学挑战时，计算机远远领先于我们。但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术。作者希望人工智能也能具备这种思维能力，实现人类与人工智能的交流。 31. 推理判断题。根据第一段“But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. (但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术)”和第二段“Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. (人类有一种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的后果) ”和第三段的“For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.(例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的)”可知，读心需要经过一定的推理，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。A项“When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. (你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说“喉咙痛”)”、B项“When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. (当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了”)”和D项“When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. (当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声)”都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望。C项“When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. (当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃)”是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论。故选C。 32. 推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. (心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题。例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了人工智能的思维理论。故选B。 33. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. (然而，我们可能仍然希望人工智能拥有一种更像人类的思维理论。人类可以用共同的语言和想法向彼此清楚地解释他们的目标和欲望。虽然让人工智能在学习过程中形成思维理论可能会导致开发出更强大的人工智能，但以共享的方式表达知识可能对人类信任人工智能和与人工智能交流至关重要)”可知，关于人工智能，作者最看重的是它的推理能力，这样才能实现人类人工智能的交流。故选C。 34.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. (然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有思维理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是迈向人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：建造真正有自我意识的机器)”可知，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故A项“AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected(期待人工智有拥有自己的心智理论)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.____35____ Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.____36____ Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood. Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood. In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.____37____ For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends. ____38____ Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning. But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.____39____ Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later. A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically. B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect? C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood? D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships. E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult. F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes. G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships. 【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. D 39. F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了研究者发现青少年在向成年人转变的过程中，积极的情感将会对个人幸福感、事业成功和社会关系等方面产生重大的影响。 35.上文“Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.(父母常常对他们的孩子成年后的表现寄予厚望，比如希望他们的身体健康，对自己的事业感到满意，有牢固的友谊)”说明父母希望孩子们能在成年后获得好的结果，C项“但是在青少年从青春期走向成年的过程中，哪些因素有助于产生这些结果呢？”中的“these outcomes”指代的就是之前提到过的结果。故选C项。 36. 上文“Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.(情感是表达积极或消极情绪的倾向，这反过来影响我们如何体验事物并决定是否判断给定的情况是积极的还是消极的)”说明情感是一种情绪倾向，是需要自我决定和自我判断的，A项“对事件的情感反应通常是自动发生的”是对上文观点的进一步解释说明。故选A项。 37. 上文“In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.(为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员对14至25岁的青少年和年轻人进行了跟踪研究，使他们能够了解从青春期到青年期这一关键发展阶段积极影响的预测能力。)”指出为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，研究人员进行了研究，下文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极影响的青少年更容易和朋友相处，所以空处应该承上启下，指出研究发现，G项“这项研究发现积极的影响可以更好的预测青年时期的生活结果，比如建立更好的友谊”中的“developing better friendships”和下文事例中的“had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends”都是指和朋友建立良好的关系。故选G项。 38. 上文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极的情感给青少年带来良好的人际关系， 而D项“有趣的是，结果表明积极的影响可能不仅仅是帮助青少年建立积极的人际关系”中的“helping teens build positive relationships”指的上文提到的和朋友之间良好的关系，是对上文话题的承接，讲了积极的影响的好处，下文“Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.(积极情感还可以预测自我价值感和工作能力的提高，这表明，总体而言，积极情感似乎是青年人在几个重要功能领域取得成功的关键预测因素。)”也是积极影响的好处，also表明和选项是并列关系，都在讲好处。故选D项。 39. 上文“But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.”（但是负面影响的影响呢？研究人员还研究了负面影响是否会预测年轻成年期的问题。）可知在探究负面影响的预测。下文“Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later..(因此，重要的一点是，青少年的积极影响可能与十年后个人幸福、职业和社会关系领域的重要生活结果有着密切的联系。)可知，下文在强调积极影响与生活的关联。F项“与积极影响不同，负面影响不会与以后的生活结果有任何显著关联。”承接上文探究负面影响的测试结果，引起下文对于积极影响对于生活影响的进一步说明。故选F。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We often seek fulfilling relationships for happiness, yet forget it lies within us. But have you ever wondered that with so many advocates of self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? Self-love is the root of all your healthy relationships. The stronger your roots are, the more difficult it will be for winds to knock down the branches. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters. Since relying on others’ care is impractical, only we can provide the best care for ourselves. Self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Actually, self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. First of all, self-love empowers us to define relationship boundaries. Knowing our worth enables us to tell what we’ll accept, having a clear grasp of our needs, values, and limits. For example, an efficient administrative assistant is often asked by colleagues to handle all the paperwork and scheduling tasks. But with self-love, she knows to balance her own core work and personal development. She offers reasonable assistance, not taking on the entire workload, setting boundaries as she understands her value and the importance of a balanced team. Moreover, self-love is vital in conflict resolution in a relationship. When people truly love themselves, they have a healthier understanding of everything. They have more confidence and self-esteem to be able to voice their opinions. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. Ultimately, self-love is the compass guiding us to personal satisfaction and harmonious connections. Cultivating this love paves the way for balanced, respectful relationships, enriching our lives and those around us. 40. What is the nature of self-love? _______________________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the key elements of self-love according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. _______________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can self-love benefit you in your daily life?(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. 41. (The key elements of self-love are) self-acceptance, self-compassion and self-care. 42. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way .When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. 43. Self-love boosts self-confidence, helping us face challenges bravely. When I failed an exam, instead of self-blaming, I comforted myself and analyzed mistakes. I made a detailed study plan based on the analysis, With self-love as my driving force, I gradually improved my performance and regained my confidence in learning. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了自爱的定义、因素以及作用。 40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is.(自爱的本质是真正接受你是谁，你的价值是什么)”可知，自爱的本质是真正接受你是谁，你的价值是什么。故回答为：Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. 41. 考查细节理解。根据第二段“The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters.(自爱的关键要素是必不可少的。自我接纳是最重要的，因为我们的不完美、不安全感和完美塑造了我们独特的个性。自我同情同样重要。我们必须原谅自己的错误、失败的目标和挫折，用同样的同理心对待自己，对待我们最亲爱的人。此外,自我照顾很重要)”可知，自爱的关键要素是自我接纳，自我同情和自我照顾。故回答为：(The key elements of self-love are) self-acceptance, self-compassion and self-care. 42. 考查细节理解。根据第五段“When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved.(当冲突出现时，一个有自爱和自知之明的人会冷静而尊重地处理这种情况，考虑到所有人的福祉)”可知，当冲突出现时，一个有自爱和自知之明的人会冷静而尊重地处理这种情况，考虑到所有人的福祉。故回答为：When conflicts arise ,a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. 43. 开放性试题。自爱增强自信，帮助我们勇敢地面对挑战。当我考试不及格时，我不是自责，而是安慰自己，分析错误。我做了详细的以自爱为动力，我逐渐提高了自己的学习能力表现的很好，让我重拾了学习的信心。故可回答Self-love boosts self-confidence, helping us face challenges bravely. When I failed an exam, instead of self-blaming, I comforted myself and analyzed mistakes. I made a detailed study plan based on the analysis. With self-love as my driving force, I gradually improved my performance and regained my confidence in learning. 第二节（20分） 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华，你所在学校拟在下周开一个“如何高效地学习英语”的讲座。请你根据以下要点给Jim教授写一封信，邀请他给学生做这次讲座。内容包括： 1.讲座时间地点及目的； 2.讲座内容。 参考词汇：策略strategy 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Professor Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Li Hua 【参考答案】 Dear Professor Jim, I’m Li Hua, a student from Grade Two of our school. On behalf of my school, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to give a lecture titled “How to Learn English Efficiently”. The lecture will be given in our school lecture hall next Friday afternoon. The main purpose of it is to help students learn practical English learning strategies, as many of us still struggle with inefficient methods. We hope the lecture can cover three key parts: how to learn English effectively, how to increase interest in English learning, and how to develop self-directed learning skills. The lecture is expected to last about 90 minutes. We would be extremely grateful if you could accept our invitation. Please let us know if you have any schedule conflicts. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 【语篇解读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生会主席的身份给Jim教授写一封信，邀请他给学生做关于“如何高效地学习英语”的讲座，并说明讲座的时间地点、目的和内容。 【详情解析】 1.词汇积累 真诚地：sincerely → genuinely/earnestly 代表：on behalf of → represent 实用的：practical → useful 关键的：key → crucial 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On behalf of my school, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to give a lecture titled “How to Learn English Efficiently”. 拓展句：On behalf of my school, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to give a lecture which is titled “How to Learn English Efficiently”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The main purpose of it is to help students learn practical English learning strategies, as many of us still struggle with inefficient methods.(运用了as引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】We hope the lecture can cover three key parts: how to learn English effectively, how to increase interest in English learning, and how to develop self-directed learning skills.(运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高二上学期期中模拟卷 英语·素养提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分知识运用、阅读理解和书面表达三部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第一、二部分时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第三部分时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．测试范围：高二选择性必修一Unit 1~Unit 3（北师大版）。 5. 难度系数：0.60。 6．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a student planning to study management, I realised that classroom alone wouldn’t be enough to fully prepare me for the challenges from the world. Eager to gain market-related experience before university, I stepped into the world of ___1___ this summer. I noticed a problem in my community: the electricity supply was not ___2___, often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need for a charging station, so I decided to open one to ___3___ the issue. What started as a way to prepare myself for college quickly turned into a meaningful project, shaping my understanding of how business can not only ___4___ practical needs but also make a lasting impact in a community. The response to my business was ___5___. On the first three days alone, I made $406. That initial success was more than just encouraging — it was ___6___ that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services. Seeing people stream into the center, grateful for the charging service, ___7___ my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others. The journey of starting this business was not without challenges. When I needed ___8___ to start the business, I negotiated with my relatives to give me two cows, which I then sold to raise funds. I also ___9___ technical skills to handle the electrical work myself, which reduced my startup costs. Today, the charging center is alive with activities. The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as I begin my university journey. Looking back, I can see how these ____10____ lessons have set a stage for the future. 1 A. medicine B. literature C. business D. science 2. A. reliable B. private C. affordable D. renewable 3. A. discuss B. raise C. report D. address 4. A. promote B. replace C. meet D. guide 5. A. disappointing B. incredible C. strange D. embarrassing 6. A. proof B. doubt C. hope D. fear 7. A. confused B. challenged C. confirmed D. changed 8. A. income B. capital C. price D. profit 9. A. run out of B. got rid of C. reflected on D. drew on 10. A. practical B. classic C. familiar D. cultural 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Chinese paper-cutting is a wonderful art form with a long history. I still remember the first time I ____11____ (see) my grandmother cut a piece of paper into a beautiful butterfly. She ____12____ (master) the basic skills of this craft long before I was born. With a pair of sharp scissors, she created delicate patterns, ____13____ (leave) me in complete amazement. To me, it was not just a piece of art; it was a piece of our culture. B Artificial Intelligence is changing our world in numerous ways. One of its greatest ____14____ (advantage) is that it can process huge amounts of data efficiently. Self-driving cars, ____15____ rely on AI to sense the environment, are a typical example. Companies aim to develop even smarter systems in the future. However, it is crucial ____16____ (ensure) that these technologies are used ____17____ (responsible). C Last month, I finally received the letter of admission from Peking University. With trembling hands, I opened it and was overjoyed. It was the ____18____(good) news I had ever had! The moment I had been dreaming of arrived. I felt a great weight ____19____(lift) off my shoulders. My hard work had paid off, and a new chapter of my life was about to begin, filling me with excitement for all ____20____ possibilities that lay ahead. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Milton Community Center Milton Community Center provides a variety of programs and activities to improve the quality of life for young adults of different ages. First and Goal Club Date: March 17th—May 2nd Ages: 12—14 First and Goal Club is a youth development program where students will have the opportunity to build self-confidence and grow as young adults. Here they will develop good healthy behaviors and improve working cooperation. Mid–winter Break Camp Date: January 26th—January 29th Ages: 13—15 Students will enjoy a fun and positive environment at Mid-winter Break Camp. They will go on educational and exciting trips, as well as joining in fun activities here at the Center. Students must bring lunch with them every day. iMatter Date: April 24th—May 14th Ages: 14—18 iMatter is designed to prepare the youth for their future life. This program will cover personal and professional improvement to get our young people ready for future jobs. Speakers from different work fields will come and speak about their walk of life. College Tour Date: March 8th—June 4th Ages: 16—18 Young adults will have opportunities to explore several colleges. Transportation will be provided from the Milton Community Center. Drinking water will be offered, but no lunch. For more information, please click here or visit http://miltoncommunity.com 21. If you are free in January, you can apply for ________. A. First and Goal Club B. Mid–winter Break Camp C. iMatter D. College Tour 22. What can you do in iMatter? A. Go on educational trips. B. Learn speaking skills. C. Get professional improvement. D. Explore several colleges. 23. Where are you likely to find this passage? A. On a website. B. In a magazine. C. In a brochure. D. On a noticeboard. B Last year as my 9-year-old son, Leopold, and I were preparing for a mom-son ski trip to Keystone, I came up with a rule: We would say yes to everything, including food and experiences—especially new ones. Leopold is a picky eater and can be hesitant to try new things. I was hoping to find a way to encourage him without turning to worn-out proverbs like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So I borrowed the idea of a Yes Day, something our family has done a handful of times since watching the movie of the same name. We started saying yes before we even boarded our flight, when we stopped at a breakfast buffet at the airport. For me, that meant I sampled a vegan meatball (素食肉丸), while Leopold tried a mouse bite of hash browns (土豆饼) he said looked “funny”. Neither of us went back for seconds, but we each rated our new foods as “not bad.” The next day, after we got settled at our hotel, I took Leopold to meet his snowboarding instructor. He had taken a few lessons back at home but had never had the opportunity to snowboard on a mountain of this size. While he was in snowboarding school, I skied by myself. Inspired by Leopold, who had kept to our bargain and faced his fears time and time again, I challenged myself to ski an intermediate blue run (中级赛道). There was a part that was steeper (更陡峭) than I thought, but I did my slow, diligent S-turns and I made it down without being hurt. I was proud of myself for trying something new. Later that afternoon, when Leopold and I were reunited back at the room, he asked if we could try the outdoor hot bath. Mind you, it was winter, and the only thing I hate more than being cold is being cold and wet When I started to object, Leopold quoted our rule. Yes, it was cold, and yes, I was wet. But it was also refreshing to feel the cold air on my skin, and the warm water felt that much better once we got in. Getting out was a different story, but the experience was a delight as Leopold and I braved it together. 24. Why did the author suggest the “say yes” rule? A. Her son demanded too much of food. B. Her son was unwilling to try new things. C. They hoped to keep their family tradition. D. They liked to live a life shown in a movie. 25. During the trip, Leopold ________. A. complained about the food there B. was afraid of skiing on a mountain C. chose to ski a medium-level track D. proposed to take an outdoor bath 26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Leopold? A. Determined. B. Outgoing. C. Modest. D. Creative 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Take life as it comes. B. Like mother, like son. C. Brave attempt offers delight. D. Extreme joy produces sorrow. C Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops. Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth (飞蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推测的) for now, she says. 28. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that________. A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt B. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants C. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered D. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves 29. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious. 30. It can be learnt from the research that ________. A. greenhouse effects can be avoided B. soil condition can be adjusted in time C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster D. insects can be detected and removed easily D Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 31. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. 32. The author believes that . A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI 33. As for AIs, what does the author value most? A. Reliability. B. Practicability. C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.____35____ Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.____36____ Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood. Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood. In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.____37____ For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends. ____38____ Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning. But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.____39____ Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later. A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically. B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect? C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood? D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships. E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult. F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes. G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We often seek fulfilling relationships for happiness, yet forget it lies within us. But have you ever wondered that with so many advocates of self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? Self-love is the root of all your healthy relationships. The stronger your roots are, the more difficult it will be for winds to knock down the branches. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters. Since relying on others’ care is impractical, only we can provide the best care for ourselves. Self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Actually, self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. First of all, self-love empowers us to define relationship boundaries. Knowing our worth enables us to tell what we’ll accept, having a clear grasp of our needs, values, and limits. For example, an efficient administrative assistant is often asked by colleagues to handle all the paperwork and scheduling tasks. But with self-love, she knows to balance her own core work and personal development. She offers reasonable assistance, not taking on the entire workload, setting boundaries as she understands her value and the importance of a balanced team. Moreover, self-love is vital in conflict resolution in a relationship. When people truly love themselves, they have a healthier understanding of everything. They have more confidence and self-esteem to be able to voice their opinions. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. Ultimately, self-love is the compass guiding us to personal satisfaction and harmonious connections. Cultivating this love paves the way for balanced, respectful relationships, enriching our lives and those around us. 40. What is the nature of self-love? 41. What are the key elements of self-love according to the passage? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. 43. How can self-love benefit you in your daily life?(In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华，你所在学校拟在下周开一个“如何高效地学习英语”的讲座。请你根据以下要点给Jim教授写一封信，邀请他给学生做这次讲座。内容包括： 1.讲座时间地点及目的；2.讲座内容。 参考词汇：策略strategy 注意： 1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Professor Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $