考前押题03 短文选词填空3大常考话题（期中专项训练）高一英语上学期沪外版

考前押题03 短文选词填空3大常考话题 话题1 人与自我 话题2 人与社会 话题3 人与自然 ①通读全文，把握篇章主题，梳理文章逻辑与整体时态、语态； ②标注词库选项，快速判断每个单词的词性（名词/动词/形容词/副词等），标记名词单复数、动词变形特征； ③逐空分析，判断空格处所需要的句子成分，确定本空应当填入的词性，缩小候选词范围； ④结合上下文语境，捕捉转折、因果、递进等逻辑线索，辨析词义与感情色彩，匹配语义； ⑤先易后难，遇到纠结空格先行跳过，利用后文信息回过来筛选剩余选项； ⑥全部填完后回读整篇短文，代入答案核查语法正确、语义连贯、逻辑通顺，核对词库单词不可重复使用。 话题1 人与自我（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．published    B．changed    C． answer    D．stayed     E. independent    F. spelling G. expression  H. actually    I. written   J. borrowing  K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick 1 to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an 2 country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America 3 the same, while the language in England 4 . For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the 5 “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started 6 words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster 7 the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the 8 of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, 9 English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become 10 popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．issue   B．engaging   C． panicking   D．reminded   E. addressing   AB．mirror   AC． cure AD．rooted   AE. stress   BC． informed   BD．schedule Why You Still Have Stress Dreams about School It’s the morning of your big exam. But you’re 1 because you haven’t been to a single class all semester. Thankfully, it’s just a dream. But why those dreams, even after your graduation? Dr. Alex Dimitriu, a sleep medicine doctor, says that such dreams may 2 stress in your day-to-day life. But dreaming specifically about feeling unprepared at school might be 3 in similar memories during formative school years in people’s lives. Another explanation is that people may be 4 of school based on the time of year. For instance, the end of August and beginning of September may bring back vivid memories or dreams of school, since that’s when the academic year starts. These types of dreams are so common that having them occasionally isn’t typically something to be concerned about. But if you’ re having them a lot, that could be a sign of another 5 , such as having too much stress in your life. Dimitriu recommends that people try 6 that stress either by making a change in their life to eliminate it or finding ways to cope with it. Some people may also have such dreams because of poor sleep habits, Dimitriu says. He advocates that people go to bed and wake up at roughly the same time each day, 7 some time to relax before bed and avoid eating large meals before going to sleep. “The human brain can’t go from 100 miles per hour to zero in 20 minutes,” he says. “I tell all my patients to turn tech off at 10—no screens, no emails for work, none of that. If you’ re even Amazon shopping right before bed, it’s too 8 , and that gets your brain active a little bit when your brain really needs to slow down.” He suggests that people try journaling to help process anything bothering them, which may also make them feel more prepared and can be a (n) 9 for stress dreams—like the one where you forget to show up for your final. Stress dreams are “a reminder to concentrate on relaxing, and a reminder to focus on sleep,” Dimitriu says. “I cannot 10 enough how important sleep is.” Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．nervous  B．ability  C． gesture  D．rooted  E. overcome  F. trapped G. blank  H. imaginative  I. successful  J. cross  K. hit You’re making a PowerPoint presentation to a group of professors, for which you have stayed overnight. Even though your knees knock together, you try really hard to pretend to be confident on the site. All of a sudden, however, your mind goes 1 , for one of the professors shoots a glance at you, and he whispers something to another professor beside him. All kinds of questions 2 your mind at the same time. Did I say something wrong? Am I making a bad impression? Such uncomfortable feelings totally 3 you. If you once found yourself 4 in this nightmare situation, you fit the typical model of a shy person. Shy people, as many experts define in their studies, usually fall victim to what is simply a careless glance or a meaningless 5 What’s more, because of their low self-judgement 6 deeply in their mind, they often cannot take friendly comments like “If you are not so 7 , you’ll make a better performance.” But being shy doesn’t necessarily mean being lacking in 8 or competence. Rather, many shy people are capable professionals. And what distinguishes between a(n) 9 communicator and a shy sharer is just that the latter needs to build up his self-confidence. Despite the terrible situations shy people are usually involved in, there’s definitely hope for them. According to experts, 40 percent of the shy population can finally 10 shyness if given enough encouragement and support. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．date  B．further   C． production   D．flexibility   E. master  F. launch G. simply  H. created   I. traditional   J. revolutionised   K. enabled Back in the last century self-study used to mean trying to learn from books. Then as technology moved on, electric products 1 the way people learn a language. Audio cassettes 2 people to practise listening; videos provided a vivid cultural environment of the language; computers made interactivity possible; and the 3 of the Windows 95 operating system opened the door to full multimedia programs that could offer more than what the traditional materials could do. Today technology has moved on 4 . The Internet has served as a communication centre. The general use of email has 5 new opportunities for teachers to assist learning at a distance, which has an impact on 6 learning structures. As you can make more and more progress on your own, the role of the teacher is then free to concentrate on the more important aspects: motivation and 7 of language in speech or writing. The latest development is a direct email link from self-study CD-ROMs to an online teacher. Now you can get personal one-to-one tuition from any multimedia PC with an Internet connection. When you need more help, you 8 email the tutor. The tutor will know which course you are following and your results to 9 so he is able to provide good, relevant advice. All you do is buy the CD-ROM at a normal price and then get additional tuition as you feel the need. So the self-study becomes distance learning with all its advantages of 10 and low cost. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．attempt  B．risk  C． potentially  D．torn  E. regard F. estimated  G. lengths  H. commonly  I. overlook  J. obtained  K. tackle Fake weight-loss products seized in raid (突击检查) on factory A factory in Northampton manufacturing fake weight-loss shots has been raided and 1 down by a government agency. Retatrutide, an experimental drug developed by the US drug-maker Eli Lilly, is unlicensed in Britain. Tirzepatide, more 2 known under its brand name Mounjaro, is available on the National Health Service (NHS) for weight-loss for patients who fulfil certain criteria. The site, on an industrial estate on the outskirts of Northampton, is believed to have been used for the large-scale manufacture, packaging and distribution of unlicensed — and 3 deadly — weight loss products. The street value of the finished products found in the factory is 4 to be more than £250,000. The MHRA said the two-day search operation was the latest in their work to 5 the illegal trade in weight loss medicines. Wes Streeting, the secretary of state for health and social care, said the raid was a“victory in the fight against the shameless criminals who are putting lives at 6 by selling dangerous and illegal weight loss shots to make a quick buck”. “These unregulated products, made with no 7 for safety or quality, posed a major risk to unknowing customers. My message is clear: don’t buy weight loss medications from unregulated sources. Talk to your doctor, seek professional advice and don’t line the pockets of criminals who 8 your health.” Andy Morling, head of the MHRA’s criminal enforcement unit, said: “This seizure shows the 9 these criminals will go to for profit. Prescription medicines should only be 10 from a registered pharmacy against a prescription issued by a healthcare professional.” Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．possess  B．adapting  C． backward  D．patterns  E. transfer  F. superiority G. complicated  H. tongue  I. influence  J. series  K. reflecting Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no underlying 1 of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic rank among languages. People once thought of the languages of 2 groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a 3 of grunts and groans, it is a fact established, by the study of“underdeveloped” languages that no spoken 4 answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the 5 of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound 6 or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, 7 the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to 8 the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and 9 them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “underdeveloped” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and 10 . This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank. 话题2 人与社会（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．determine   B．comment   C． fascinating   D．fancy  E. transport F. appreciate    G. amazing   H. energetic   I. acquire   J. establish   K. maintaining Cultural Exploration Through Traditional Packaging Cultural exploration often begins with the most ordinary objects. In many societies, the packaging and decoration of traditional goods reveal 1 stories about local customs and values. During my recent visit to a small village, I had a(n) 2 opportunity to observe how local artisans 3 their unique cultural identity through their craft. The villagers use 4 packaging not just for aesthetic purposes, but to deliver important cultural messages. Each decoration is carefully designed to 5 the product’s cultural significance. For instance, the intricate patterns on ceramic containers transport ancient symbols that have been passed down through generations. This cultural acquisition process helps preserve traditions while allowing for creative expression. What makes this cultural exploration particularly interesting is how modern influences blend with traditional practices. Many young artisans 6 that they aim to acquire new techniques while 7 the essence of their heritage. The establishment of cultural centers has made it easier for visitors to understand and 8 these art forms. Through careful observation, one can determine the deep connection between material culture and spiritual beliefs. The packaging industry has also recognized the value of traditional decoration. Many companies now deliver products using culturally-inspired designs, helping to 9 local aesthetics to global markets. This cultural exchange demonstrates how traditional practices can 10 contemporary relevance while preserving their authentic character. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. There is one word more than you will need. A．violent  B．strength  C． humanity  D．grew  E. constantly  F. disagreement  G. intelligent  H. Strangely I. independent  J. remembered  K. popularity Olympic Sports have changed a lot in the last few thousand years. The ancient games began with just one 192-meter race. In the later years, the game 1 to include a total of six sports. Most of the ancient Olympic sports tested skills soldiers needed. These include races where runners wore fighting equipment and the pankration (搏击) — a 2 sport with few rules. Even the modern Olympics were once far smaller than they are today. The first of the modern games, in 1896, only had 241 athletes from 14 countries. Moreover, the early modern Olympics were not a(n) 3 event. Until 1908, the Olympics were part of the world’s fair! At the first modern Olympics, there were 43 events from ten sports. Many of the sports from the early modern games are no longer part of the Olympics. There has always been a lot of 4 over changing Olympic sports. Critics say that the modern games have become more of a(n) 5 contest than an athletic competition. The number of Olympic sports has 6 increased throughout history. At the Beijing Olympic Games, athletes competed in 302 events from 28 sports. Even with all the changes, the games still celebrate the best 7 it has to offer. Some ancient champions became so famous that the things they did are still 8 today. Milo was one of the most famous athletes in the ancient world. He won six Olympic wrestling championships and was famous for his great 9 . One story tells of Milo holding up a collapsing roof while the people inside ran to safety. The boxer Melankomas was known for his good looks. 10 , Melankomas never hit, or was hit by another fighter. He always avoided his opponents until they were too tired and frustrated to fight anymore. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．delivered  B．likely  C． causes  D．actually  AB．dramatic  AC． expected AD．encouraging  BC． balance  BD．facing  CD．cities  ABC． sparkly National governments neglecting development needs of cities National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with inadequate (不充足的) development policies, a new report has found. 1 , national governments are key to making cities more sustainable. However, only a quarter of the world’s governments have urban development policies at all. The report looks at the key measures of energy production, transport and waste management. For instance, 2 the use of electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can also have a huge effect, not just on greenhouse gas emissions but also on removing some of the key 3 of air pollution. Derik Broekhoff of the Stockholm Environment Institute, the lead author of the study, said: “Now is the time for national governments to put cities at the heart of their national development strategies (策略). Countries must consider what policies need to be 4 in order to ensure their countries and cities are prepared for the urbanization (城市化) and 5 climate challenges.” Cities around the world are 6 rapid population growth, and are 7 to be among the areas that are worst hit by climate change. For most of human history, the rural population was greater than those of 8 , and it is only in just over the last decade that this 9 has shifted, with most of the world’s populations now living in urban centers, a trend that is, 10 to speed up even further. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bless  B．global  C． headed  D．independent  E. matches  F. noticed G. obvious  H. remains  I. reputation  J. restored  K. value Marseille: the City of 100 neighborhoods “Come to Marseille (马赛). It’s not like other French cities. It’s cool and the weather is hot,” my French friend Pierre Picard said on the phone, referencing both its fashionable urban character and the 300 days of sunshine that 1 the city each year. At his invitation, I set forth on the journey to France’s second largest city. Despite giving its name to the French national anthem (国歌) —“La Marseille” — it’s a city with a 2 of being distinct from the rest of the country. Among its residents are waves of migrants who arrived over 2,500 years of recorded history, making it not just France’s oldest city but its most multicultural one as well. The story begins with the ancient Greeks, who recognized the 3 of the deep-water port. They settled in what is now Le Panier, Marseille’s oldest district overlooking the Vieux Port. Six centuries as a(n) 4 Greek city ended when the armies of Caesar (凯撒) came crashing in, claiming the city for Rome in 49 B．C． E. In the 9th century, the city was taken over by the Arabs. When France’s ambitions turned from region-oriented to 5 , Marseille enjoyed a golden age as the “Gate of Empire”. France’s navies and fortune-seekers set off from the Vieux Port to North African and American colonies as well as Asia. But this was no one-way road. Everything landed in Marseille: people and culture. The historical traces were 6 when I walked along the Cours Belsince, a broad Boulevard (林荫大道). Here, the smell of Arab and Turkish food floated through the air with the comforting richness of home cooking. Trackside vendors sold African wood carvings and colourful headscarves. Although sea transportation has declined, the Vieux Port 7 the city’s focus. Its waters are dotted with yachts moving like swans on a lake. All roads seem to lead there, and anyone attempting to explore the city on foot inevitably ends up on the waterfront. To my mind, its view 8 the great harbours of the world, such as Sydney. To escape the heat, I 9 to the Plagedes Catalans. In the late-afternoon sun, the beach was soaked in an amber color. I walked past a group playing volleyball. Several locals were sunbathing and gossiping. It was here that I belatedly (延迟地) 10 Marseille’s “Frenchness.” I recalled one of Pierre’s lunchtime jokes: “If you come to France and you don’t come to Marseille, you won’t see France.” He had a point: The city is just another expression of a country more diverse than it often likes to admit. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．alternative    B．awareness    C． contributing    D．cap    AB．eliminate AC． embarrassed     AD．emissions    BC． exposed    BD．favored    CD．immediate ABC． present                 The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not 1 to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world’s most touristic areas. The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market crisis in the United States. Because of it, many households were forced to restrict their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 2 surroundings. At the same time, 3 of the environmental impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people — with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on introducing a tourist 4 . Staycation appears like a great solution for the challenges above mentioned. In fact, staying close to home will 5 the budget for accommodation and transport. Apart from the financial savings, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 6 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; instead, other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are 7 . This allows people’s carbon footprints not to increase as much as they would if long distances had been traveled. A staycation is a form of 8 tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 9 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy. There are no fully-booked days, and no rush to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time. Given the multiple advantages of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be 10 at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．admired B．term C． blessed D．brief E. professionally F. buried G. recover H. typically I. marvelous J. point K. referred Art occurs in many forms: music, dance, painting, architecture, sculpture, cinema, and literature, among others. Works of art can make people feel moved, even to the 1 of tears. In the case of Stendhal syndrome (综合症状), however, this feeling is so intense that a person can experience a rapid heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, or fainting. It may even require hospitalization. In the Italian city of Florence, numerous visitors viewing the 2 Renaissance art there have experienced this and have required medical attention. Though not 3 recognized, this condition — now 4 to as Stendhal syndrome — does exist. While great art is found in every civilization, Florence has been especially 5 . A small city with a historical center, it is internationally 6 for its amazing concentration of Renaissance art. Florence in the 15th and 16th centuries attracted the talent of many geniuses: artists, scientists, and authors were welcomed here. Some of the greatest Western works of art can be found in Florence, such as the statue of David by Michelangelo, The Birth of Venus by Botticelli, and the frescoes (壁画) by Giotto in the Basilica of Santa Croce. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci left works here. Galileo Galilei and Niccolo Machiavelli are 7 here. The syndrome is named after Stendbal, a French author who visited Florence in 1817. He described his experience of being fascinated by the historic and artistic power of the city in one of his books. Though the 8 Stendhal syndrome was not coined until 1979 by Italian psychiatrist Graziella Magherini, the illness had already had a long history. Patients usually 9 within days of their attacks without any miracle drug other than rest and quiet. For them, the cost of viewing the power and beauty of Florence is a 10 trip to a hospital. 话题3 人与自然（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．altered   B．bans   C． bridge   D．containers   E. contributed   F. cost   G. encouraging   H. list   I. marine   J. platforms   K. widening Food delivery apps are changing the way we eat It’s raining, it’s dinnertime, and the fridge is nearly empty. Years ago, we made do; today, we order food through our phones. Within twenty minutes, we get whatever it was we were craving, we’re warm and dry, and there’s not a single dish to wash afterward. Food delivery apps have 1 the landscape of how we eat, particularly in big cities. The industry is a complex machine; there’s Meituan, Eleme, Hema… the 2 goes on. These companies are expanding and changing at a rapid rate, bringing on the rise of virtual restaurants and ghost kitchens, and customers who will never step inside a brick-and-mortar shop (实体店). Of course, these apps bring all types of cuisines around the city to our fingertips, but it comes at a 3 . And one of the real environmental concerns lies in all that plastic and excess (过量的) food. In the U.S. alone, packaging accounts for 30 percent of municipal (市政的) solid waste. In 2017, that meant 80.1 million tons. Food delivery systems are likely 4 this huge number to rise. Durable materials like the plastics serveware is made from, are difficult to dispose of (处理). Restaurant delivery is a global phenomenon — as is the impact on the environment. Meituan, one of the leading Chinese delivery 5 , delivered 6.4 billion food orders in 2018. It is estimated that China 6 1.6 million tons of packaging waste (containers, utensils, plastic bags) in 2017, nine times more than in 2015. In the EU, University of Manchester researchers estimate, over two billion disposable takeaway 7 are used every year. Most of those are not recycled. According to the European Commission, packaging, which includes plastic utensils, plates, and straws, makes up 70% of all 8 pollution found in European seas. Plastic 9 , alternative packaging materials, and other efforts to cut down on waste are on the rise. Food delivery apps should, too, do their part to raise awareness for plastic pollution and 10 the gap between food waste and hunger. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unfortunately    B．recycled    C． end    D．travelled    E. pollution    F. produces G.burned    H. stress    I. contains    J. locally    K. label It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a bigger environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has 1 a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO2, which causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that is; produced 2 . Secondly, we should eat less fast food. Due to its convenience, fast food has become very popular, but it is 3 very bad for the environment. The industry 4 a lot of waste: unnecessary packaging, along with other single-use plastics, is one big part of the problem. Most takeaway containers will probably 5 up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants to use 6 materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food that cause huge environmental 7 . For example, rainforests around the world are being 8 down to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations. To protect the rainforest, we should eat less beef and avoid food that 9 palm oil. 10 and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources in a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．concerns  B．adopted  C． breathtakingly  D．practices  E. rewards  F. seeking G. measured  H. worsening  I. reduce  J. containers  K. particularly Door-to-door food delivery service has become increasingly popular in cities due to the fast development of online shopping and the busy life in China. As food delivery is extremely common in China, it creates large amounts of waste due to the plastic 1 , bags, and chopsticks that come with each order. This in turn has contributed to great environmental 2 for the waste packaging materials. We have therefore 3 the amount of food delivery packaging waste in China. The results show that the total amount of packaging waste rose from 0.2 million metric tons in 2015 to 1.5 million metric tons in 2020. Over-packaging has been a big headache, adding pressure to our 4 environment. The food delivery packaging is not the fancier, the better. Instead, it is the more environment-friendly, the better. Therefore, it is high time that regulations were 5 to stop restaurants and companies from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping. Also, smart policy suggestions should be provided to handle the pressing issues, 6 using the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) environment-friendly 7 . As the largest city in China, Shanghai has an important role in creating and 8 an efficient solution to the problem of waste. With over 24 million people living in Shanghai, materials sustainability (可持续性), particularly that of plastics, is a big problem. For example, delivery companies like Saucepan have begun to 9 the plastic usage of the food delivery in Shanghai by using biodegradable (可降解的) packaging in the delivery process. Besides, it encourages customers to recycle their plastic bags and 10 them for every 10 used bags that they return to the company. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．winning    B．attraction    C． signal    D．relevantly E. desire    F. pleasant    G. driven    H. practical I. dramatically   J. comments   K. limitations In a world that prefers beauty, why are we 1 fascinated with ugly-looking pets, particularly dogs, with exaggerated features? There’s been a pet model change — perfection is out, and droopy (耷拉的) eyes are in. What’s going on? First, we must understand our 2 to cuteness. Human babies are pretty helpless, so there had to be an evolutionary adaptation (进化性适应机制) to ensure we looked after them. According to Konrad Lorenz’s theory, baby’s features like big eyes, big heads and soft bodies lead to a 3 to protect our children. When animals have similar features, we think they 4 “a need for our companionship or care,” causing “the rush of warm emotion that is the cuteness response,” says Joshua Dale, co-editor of The Aesthetics and Affects of Cuteness. During the Victorian era, dog shows were popular, and with them came selective breeding (繁殖) for cuteness rather than health or 5 value. This led to a rise in flat-faced breeds (品种) with flat noses and bulging eyes like bulldogs and pugs — a reminder that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. These breeds continue to be 6 favorites among many people today. The French Bulldog became the most popular dog in the US in 2022. Rowena Parker, lecturer at the Royal Veterinary College in the UK, believes this is partly 7 by social media influencers. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable,” she says. Despite the growing love for these dogs, some make negative 8 — many flat-faced breeds suffer from breathing difficulties and skin infections. Without 9 , dog breeding can give rise to ethical issues. A proof that we start a new chapter of dog preference is the World’s Ugliest Dog Contest, held in California since the 1970s. In a bunch of dogs with uneven ears and broken teeth, which one will be the lovely little favorite 10 us over this year? Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address  B．awareness  C． role  D．bored  E. creative F. transported  G. developed  H. based  I. confirms  J. accounts  K. ingredients How big is the ecological footprint of your food? There is no doubt that eating les meat is good for our planet. However, if you’re not ready to give up meat entirely, how to make a more sustainable choice? Or have you ever thought about where the fish in your soup comes from? Or have you ever wondered how to reduce environmental impact of your meals? “We are what we eat!”, which 1 the important concept that food and humans are inseparable. Food is culture, a sense of identity and a personal preference. But globally, our food system 2 for roughly a quarter of man-made greenhouse gas emissions. That’s why we should rethink our food consumption and include “the good food for the planet Earth” into our next recipe. An expert from WWF Sweden (瑞典世界自然基金会) discussed the 3 of WWF at one meeting about future food. WWF Sweden aims to transform production and consumption of food to increase sustainability (可持续性). There are three interesting tools 4 by WWF Sweden that can help you to make the right choice on food consumption. “Our Planet Plate” is a campaign with which WWF of Sweden hopes to raise people’s 5 about the food consumption. Aiming to 6 the challenge of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5℃, WWF provides information on how much greenhouse gas a meal should release to achieve the goal. “WWF Food Calculator” is a tool that gives you an idea of how much greenhouse gas emissions your breakfast, lunch or dinner leads to. This tool can inform how much carbon dioxide is released from the 7 you use to cook. If you want to reach the goal of 1.5℃ emission reduction, you’re looking at having about 11kg of CO2 equivalent food per week. You do not have to be vegetarian to reach this goal, but you have to be 8 with your recipes. For instance, you could choose free-range (散养) meat or choose local fish over mass-produced meat or fish 9 in planes and ships all over the world. Initiated by SLU, a “Meat-Guide” has been introduced and expanded by WWF of Sweden since 2015. The Meat-Guide is 10 on five standards of climate, biodiversity, chemical pesticides, animal welfare and antibiotics. You can download the Meat-Guide app onto your phone and use it the next time you do your groceries. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．confusion   B．inside   C． stayed   D．curious   E. common F. decreases   G. shock   H. freely   I. right   J. peace   K. safe You’ve seen them out there — well-fed cats, sometimes with collars on, walking slowly on the streets like they own them or lying in a lazy, relaxed position on a sidewalk in the warm sun. Cat lovers find them charming. Wildlife protectors and bird lovers see furry killers and blame them for the 1 in bird populations. How you feel about outdoor cats may also depend on where you are in the world. In the United States, about 81 percent of pet cats are kept 2 , according to a 2021 study. But elsewhere, it can be far more 3 to let them walk around. In Denmark, only 17 percent of cats are strictly indoor pets, according to the same study. In Türkiye, so many wild cats walk 4 in and out of cafes, restaurants and markets that a documentary was made about these outdoor animals. And in Britain, where the 2021 study found that 74 percent of cat owners let their pets roam outside, many cat charities advise pet owners on the best ways to keep cats 5 outdoors. The idea might come as a(n) 6 to many American cat owners, who often refuse to allow a person to adopt a cat once it is discovered that they are going to be keeping it outside. During much of the 20th century, most cats 7 outside, said David Grimm, author of Citizen Canine: Our Evolving Relationship With Cats and Dogs. The invention of kitty litter (猫砂) in 1947 made indoor cats more acceptable . But it was not until around the early 1990s that more Americans began bringing their cats indoors. At that time, they also worried that an outdoor cat was more likely to suffer from diseases. However, many owners have also felt conflicted about keeping a(n) 8 , restless creature inside. Some have trained their own cats to walk on leashes when they’re outside. Keeping them inside “didn’t feel 9 ,” said Mr. Grimm, “just like I wouldn’t keep my kids inside all day. We can only take so much animal out of them.” Trisha Brennan, who lives in Boston in the U. S., tried to keep her cat indoors at first. But he nipped shoes, pulled Ms. Brennan’s hair, and pounced (猛扑)so much that her teenage daughter locked herself in her room. “It’s an uneasy 10 that you make, having an outdoor cat,” Ms. Brennan said. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题03 短文选词填空3大常考话题 话题1 人与自我 话题2 人与社会 话题3 人与自然 ①通读全文，把握篇章主题，梳理文章逻辑与整体时态、语态； ②标注词库选项，快速判断每个单词的词性（名词/动词/形容词/副词等），标记名词单复数、动词变形特征； ③逐空分析，判断空格处所需要的句子成分，确定本空应当填入的词性，缩小候选词范围； ④结合上下文语境，捕捉转折、因果、递进等逻辑线索，辨析词义与感情色彩，匹配语义； ⑤先易后难，遇到纠结空格先行跳过，利用后文信息回过来筛选剩余选项； ⑥全部填完后回读整篇短文，代入答案核查语法正确、语义连贯、逻辑通顺，核对词库单词不可重复使用。 话题1 人与自我（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．published    B．changed    C． answer    D．stayed     E. independent    F. spelling G. expression  H. actually    I. written   J. borrowing  K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick 1 to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an 2 country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America 3 the same, while the language in England 4 . For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the 5 “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started 6 words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster 7 the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the 8 of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, 9 English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become 10 popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. 【答案】 1．C 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．G 6．J 7．A 8．F 9．I 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍英美英语差异的产生原因及主要表现。 1．考查名词。句意：对于这个问题没有快速的答案。空处前有形容词quick修饰，需填名词，结合语境，前文提出“ How did these differences come about? ”的问题，此处指“没有快速的答案”，名词answer“答案”符合题意。故选C。 2．考查形容词。句意：1776年，美国成为一个独立的国家。空处作定语修饰名词country，需填形容词，结合历史常识，1776年美国独立，形容词independent“独立的”符合题意。故选E。 3．考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合后文while表对比，以及“Americans still talk about ‘fall’”可知，美国的语言“保持”不变，动词stayed“保持”符合题意。故选D。 4．考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合前文“the language slowly began to change”及while表对比可知，此处指英国的语言“发生了变化”，动词changed“变化”符合题意。故选B。 5．考查名词。句意：同样地，美国人仍然使用“我猜”（意思是“我认为”）这种表达，就像300年前英国人做的那样。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，“I guess”是一种语言表达，名词expression“表达”符合题意。故选G。 6．考查动词。句意：与此同时，英式英语和美式英语开始从其他语言中借用词汇，最终产生了不同的词汇。start doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，结合后文“the British took ‘typhoon’ from Chinese”可知，此处指“借用”词汇，动词borrowing“借用”符合题意。故选J。 7．考查动词。句意：1828年，诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了第一本美式词典。文章此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合“the first American dictionary”可知，此处指“出版”词典，动词published“出版”符合题意。故选A。 8．考查名词。句意：他想让美式英语与英式英语有所不同，所以他改变了许多单词的拼写。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，结合后文colour与color、centre与center的对比可知，此处指改变单词的“拼写”，名词spelling“拼写”符合题意。故选F。 9．考查形容词。句意：除了这些拼写差异外，书面英语在英式英语和美式英语中大致相同。空处作定语修饰名词English，结合语境，前文讨论拼写差异，此处指“书面英语”，形容词written“书面的”符合题意。故选I。 10．考查副词。句意：现在英语变得越来越受欢迎。空处修饰形容词popular，需填副词，结合后文“English people have begun to learn...”及其他国家学习美式英语的情况，可知英语“越来越”受欢迎，副词increasingly“越来越多地”符合题意。故选K。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．issue   B．engaging   C． panicking   D．reminded   E. addressing   AB．mirror   AC． cure AD．rooted   AE. stress   BC． informed   BD．schedule Why You Still Have Stress Dreams about School It’s the morning of your big exam. But you’re 1 because you haven’t been to a single class all semester. Thankfully, it’s just a dream. But why those dreams, even after your graduation? Dr. Alex Dimitriu, a sleep medicine doctor, says that such dreams may 2 stress in your day-to-day life. But dreaming specifically about feeling unprepared at school might be 3 in similar memories during formative school years in people’s lives. Another explanation is that people may be 4 of school based on the time of year. For instance, the end of August and beginning of September may bring back vivid memories or dreams of school, since that’s when the academic year starts. These types of dreams are so common that having them occasionally isn’t typically something to be concerned about. But if you’ re having them a lot, that could be a sign of another 5 , such as having too much stress in your life. Dimitriu recommends that people try 6 that stress either by making a change in their life to eliminate it or finding ways to cope with it. Some people may also have such dreams because of poor sleep habits, Dimitriu says. He advocates that people go to bed and wake up at roughly the same time each day, 7 some time to relax before bed and avoid eating large meals before going to sleep. “The human brain can’t go from 100 miles per hour to zero in 20 minutes,” he says. “I tell all my patients to turn tech off at 10—no screens, no emails for work, none of that. If you’ re even Amazon shopping right before bed, it’s too 8 , and that gets your brain active a little bit when your brain really needs to slow down.” He suggests that people try journaling to help process anything bothering them, which may also make them feel more prepared and can be a (n) 9 for stress dreams—like the one where you forget to show up for your final. Stress dreams are “a reminder to concentrate on relaxing, and a reminder to focus on sleep,” Dimitriu says. “I cannot 10 enough how important sleep is.” 【答案】 1．C 2．AB 3．AD 4．D 5．A 6．E 7．BD 8．B 9．AC 10．AE 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人们毕业后仍会做关于学校的压力梦的原因，包括反映日常生活压力、受特定时间唤起记忆、睡眠习惯不良等，还介绍了应对这些压力梦的方法。 1．考查动词。句意：但你很惊慌，因为你整个学期都没上过一节课。根据后文“because you haven’t been to a single class all semester.”可知，你很惊慌。“panic”意为“惊慌”，这里使用现在进行时“are +现在分词”，表示此时此刻正在惊慌。故填C。 2．考查动词。句意：睡眠医学医生Alex Dimitriu博士说，这样的梦可能反映了你日常生活中的压力。根据前文“such dreams”以及后文“stress in your day-to-day life.”可知，这样的梦可能反映了你日常生活中的压力。“mirror”有“反映”的意思，情态动词“may”后接动词原形。故填AB。 3．考查形容词。句意：但特别梦到在学校毫无准备，可能源于人们在成长阶段学校生活中的类似记忆。“be rooted in”是固定短语，意为“源于；扎根于”，在句中作谓语，表示梦的根源，符合语境。故填AD。 4．考查动词。句意：另一种解释是，人们可能会根据一年中的时间想起学校。“remind”有“使想起”的意思，“be reminded of”是被动结构，意为“被唤起……的记忆”。分析句子，“people”和“remind”之间是被动关系，这里表示人们被唤起对学校的记忆，所以用过去分词形式。故填D。 5．考查名词。句意：但如果你经常做这些梦，那可能是另一个问题的征兆，比如你生活中有太多压力。根据后文“such as having too much stress in your life.”可知，“issue”意为“问题”符合语境，不定冠词“another”后接名词，故填A。 6．考查动词。句意：Dimitriu建议人们尝试通过改变生活方式消除压力，或者找到应对压力的方法来解决压力。根据后文“by making a change in their life to eliminate it or finding ways to cope with it.”可知，找到应对压力的方法来解决压力。“address”有“处理；解决”的意思，符合语境。故填E。 7．考查动词。句意：他主张人们每天大致在相同的时间睡觉和起床，安排一些时间在睡前放松，睡前避免吃大餐。“schedule”有“安排”的意思，这里与“go”“avoid”并列，都为“advocates”后宾语从句中省略“should”的谓语动词，用动词原形。符合语境。故填BD。 8．考查形容词。句意：如果你甚至在睡前还在亚马逊购物，那就太令人兴奋了，这会让你的大脑在真正需要慢下来的时候稍微活跃一点。根据前文“If you’ re even Amazon shopping right before bed”可知，如果你甚至在睡前还在亚马逊购物，那就太令人兴奋了。“engaging”意为“有趣的；令人兴奋的”，这里作表语，形容睡前在亚马逊购物这种行为会使大脑兴奋。故填B。 9．考查名词。句意：他建议人们尝试写日记来帮助处理困扰他们的事情，这也可能让他们感觉更有准备，并且可能是治疗压力梦的一种方法——比如梦到忘记参加期末考试的那种。根据前文“He suggests that people try journaling to help process anything bothering them, which may also make them feel more prepared”可知，可能是治疗压力梦的一种方法。“cure”有“治疗方法”的意思，不定冠词“a (n)”后接名词，“a cure for...”表示“……的治疗方法”，这里指写日记可能是治疗压力梦的办法，符合语境。故填AC。 10．考查动词。句意：“我再怎么强调睡眠有多重要都不为过。”“stress”有“强调”的意思，“cannot stress enough”是常用表达，意为“再怎么强调都不为过”。符合语境。故填AE。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．nervous  B．ability  C． gesture  D．rooted  E. overcome  F. trapped G. blank  H. imaginative  I. successful  J. cross  K. hit You’re making a PowerPoint presentation to a group of professors, for which you have stayed overnight. Even though your knees knock together, you try really hard to pretend to be confident on the site. All of a sudden, however, your mind goes 1 , for one of the professors shoots a glance at you, and he whispers something to another professor beside him. All kinds of questions 2 your mind at the same time. Did I say something wrong? Am I making a bad impression? Such uncomfortable feelings totally 3 you. If you once found yourself 4 in this nightmare situation, you fit the typical model of a shy person. Shy people, as many experts define in their studies, usually fall victim to what is simply a careless glance or a meaningless 5 What’s more, because of their low self-judgement 6 deeply in their mind, they often cannot take friendly comments like “If you are not so 7 , you’ll make a better performance.” But being shy doesn’t necessarily mean being lacking in 8 or competence. Rather, many shy people are capable professionals. And what distinguishes between a(n) 9 communicator and a shy sharer is just that the latter needs to build up his self-confidence. Despite the terrible situations shy people are usually involved in, there’s definitely hope for them. According to experts, 40 percent of the shy population can finally 10 shyness if given enough encouragement and support. 【答案】 1．G 2．J 3．K 4．F 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．I 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述一个演讲时因他人反应而大脑空白的生动场景，引出对害羞心理的探讨，分析了其表现、内在根源，并指出害羞者可以通过鼓励和支持得以改变。 1．考查形容词。句意：突然间，你的大脑一片空白，因为一位教授瞥了你一眼，并对旁边的另一位教授低声说了些什么。根据“your mind goes __1__”可推知，此处描述因紧张焦虑而导致的思维突然中断。G项“blank”意为“空白的”，固定短语“go blank”指“(大脑)变成一片空白”，符合语境。故选项G。 2．考查动词。句意：各种问题同时闪过你的脑海。根据“All kinds of questions __2__ your mind at the same time.”可推知，此处描述诸多疑问瞬间在脑海中涌现。J项“cross”作动词，意为“穿过，掠过”， “cross one’s mind”是常用搭配，意为“(念头)闪过脑海”，生动形象。故选项J。 3．考查动词。句意：这种不舒服的感觉完全击垮了你。根据“Such uncomfortable feelings totally”可推知，此处形容负面情绪带来的强烈冲击。K项“hit”意为“打击，使遭受打击”，可以形象地表示这种情绪对“你”造成了重击。故选项K。 4．考查动词过去分词。句意：如果你曾发现自己陷入这种噩梦般的境地，那么你就符合一个典型的害羞者模式。根据“in this nightmare situation”可推知，此处意为“发现自己被困在情境中”。F项“trapped”是动词“trap”的过去分词，意为“被困住”，符合语境。故选项F。 5．考查名词。句意：正如许多专家在其研究中定义的那样，害羞的人通常受害于仅仅是一个不经意的瞥视或一个无意义的手势。根据“a careless glance or a meaningless”可知，此处需要一个与“glance(一瞥)”并列、表示另一种微小行为的名词。C项“gesture”意为“手势，姿态”，符合语境。故选项C。 6．考查动词过去分词。句意：此外，由于根植于内心的低自我评价，他们往往无法接纳诸如“如果你不那么紧张，会表现得更好”这类善意的建议。根据“their low self-judgement __6__ deeply in their mind”可推知，这种低自我评价是根植于内心。D项“rooted”是动词“root”的过去分词，意为“扎根”，常用“be rooted in”结构表示“根植于”。此处“rooted deeply in their mind”作为后置定语修饰“self-judgement”。故选项D。 7．考查形容词。句意：此外，由于根植于内心的低自我评价，他们往往无法接纳诸如“如果你不那么紧张，会表现得更好”这类善意的建议。根据“If you are not so __7__, you’ll make a better performance.”可推知，这是对阻碍害羞者表现的状态的描述。A项“nervous”意为“紧张的”，是害羞者在公开场合的典型情绪。故选项A。 8．考查名词。句意：但害羞并不一定意味着缺乏能力或竞争力。根据“being lacking in __8__ or competence”可知，此处需要与“competence(能力，胜任力)”意思相近或并列的名词。B项“ability”意为“能力”，两者并列，表示害羞并非能力不足。故选项B。 9．考查形容词。句意：而一个成功的沟通者与一个害羞的分享者之间的区别仅仅在于后者需要建立自信。根据“a(n) __9__ communicator and a shy sharer”可知，此处需要与“shy”形成对比、描述沟通者特质的形容词。I项“successful”意为“成功的”，符合语境，表示在沟通方面游刃有余的人。故选项I。 10．考查动词。句意：根据专家的说法，如果得到足够的鼓励和支持，40%的害羞人群最终能够克服害羞。根据“40 percent of the shy population can”和“if given enough encouragement and support”可推知，只要足够的鼓励和支持，很多人就能克服害羞。E项“overcome”意为“克服”，作谓语，在情态动词后用原形。故选项E。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．date  B．further   C． production   D．flexibility   E. master  F. launch G. simply  H. created   I. traditional   J. revolutionised   K. enabled Back in the last century self-study used to mean trying to learn from books. Then as technology moved on, electric products 1 the way people learn a language. Audio cassettes 2 people to practise listening; videos provided a vivid cultural environment of the language; computers made interactivity possible; and the 3 of the Windows 95 operating system opened the door to full multimedia programs that could offer more than what the traditional materials could do. Today technology has moved on 4 . The Internet has served as a communication centre. The general use of email has 5 new opportunities for teachers to assist learning at a distance, which has an impact on 6 learning structures. As you can make more and more progress on your own, the role of the teacher is then free to concentrate on the more important aspects: motivation and 7 of language in speech or writing. The latest development is a direct email link from self-study CD-ROMs to an online teacher. Now you can get personal one-to-one tuition from any multimedia PC with an Internet connection. When you need more help, you 8 email the tutor. The tutor will know which course you are following and your results to 9 so he is able to provide good, relevant advice. All you do is buy the CD-ROM at a normal price and then get additional tuition as you feel the need. So the self-study becomes distance learning with all its advantages of 10 and low cost. 【答案】 1．J 2．K 3．F 4．B 5．H 6．I 7．C 8．G 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科技发展对自学方式的变革，从传统书籍到电子产品，再到互联网和在线辅导，凸显科技带来的便捷与优势。 1．考查动词。句意：后来随着科技的发展，电子产品彻底改变了人们学习语言的方式。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合前文“过去自学靠书籍”与后文“磁带、视频等助力学习”的对比，电子产品改变了学习方式，revolutionised意为“彻底改变”，符合语境。故选J。 2．考查动词。句意：录音磁带使人们能够练习听力；视频提供了生动的语言文化环境。空格处需填动词作谓语，“enable sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”，结合时态（一般过去时），enabled符合“磁带让练习听力成为可能”的逻辑。故选K。 3．考查名词。句意：Windows 95操作系统的推出为完整的多媒体程序打开了大门，其功能远超传统材料。空格处需填名词，作主语，“the launch of”表示“……的推出”，操作系统的推出是多媒体程序发展的契机，launch意为“推出，发布”，符合语境。故选F。 4．考查副词。句意：如今科技进一步发展。空格处需填副词修饰moved on，前文介绍了上世纪科技对学习的影响，此处指现在科技有了更进一步的发展，further意为“进一步地”，符合语境。故选B。 5．考查动词。句意：电子邮件的普遍使用为教师提供了远程辅助学习的新机会。空格处需填动词作谓语，“create new opportunities”表示“创造新机会”，电子邮件的普及带来了远程教学的新可能，created意为“创造”，符合语境。故选H。 6．考查形容词。句意：这对传统的学习模式产生了影响。空格处需填形容词修饰learning structures，前文提到远程辅助学习，与传统学习模式形成对比，traditional意为“传统的”，符合语境。故选I。 7．考查名词。句意：教师的角色可以专注于更重要的方面：学习动力和语言在口语或写作中的输出。空格处需填名词，与motivation（动力）并列，“production of language”表示“语言的输出（即运用、表达）”，符合教师指导的核心内容。故选C。 8．考查副词。句意：当你需要更多帮助时，只需给导师发电子邮件。空格处需填副词修饰动词email，结合“通过联网电脑就能获得一对一辅导”的便捷性，simply意为“仅仅，只需”，体现操作的简便，符合语境。故选G。 9．考查名词。句意：导师会知道你正在学习的课程和你目前的学习进度，因此能够提供优质且相关的建议。空格处需填名词作宾语，“results to date”表示“迄今为止的结果/进度”，导师通过了解学员的学习进度提供针对性建议，date意为“日期，进度”，符合语境。故选A。 10．考查名词。句意：因此，自学变成了远程学习，兼具灵活性和低成本的优势。空格处需填名词作宾语，与low cost（低成本）并列，远程学习可根据自身需求安排，具有灵活性，flexibility意为“灵活性”，符合其优势特点。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．attempt  B．risk  C． potentially  D．torn  E. regard F. estimated  G. lengths  H. commonly  I. overlook  J. obtained  K. tackle Fake weight-loss products seized in raid (突击检查) on factory A factory in Northampton manufacturing fake weight-loss shots has been raided and 1 down by a government agency. Retatrutide, an experimental drug developed by the US drug-maker Eli Lilly, is unlicensed in Britain. Tirzepatide, more 2 known under its brand name Mounjaro, is available on the National Health Service (NHS) for weight-loss for patients who fulfil certain criteria. The site, on an industrial estate on the outskirts of Northampton, is believed to have been used for the large-scale manufacture, packaging and distribution of unlicensed — and 3 deadly — weight loss products. The street value of the finished products found in the factory is 4 to be more than £250,000. The MHRA said the two-day search operation was the latest in their work to 5 the illegal trade in weight loss medicines. Wes Streeting, the secretary of state for health and social care, said the raid was a“victory in the fight against the shameless criminals who are putting lives at 6 by selling dangerous and illegal weight loss shots to make a quick buck”. “These unregulated products, made with no 7 for safety or quality, posed a major risk to unknowing customers. My message is clear: don’t buy weight loss medications from unregulated sources. Talk to your doctor, seek professional advice and don’t line the pockets of criminals who 8 your health.” Andy Morling, head of the MHRA’s criminal enforcement unit, said: “This seizure shows the 9 these criminals will go to for profit. Prescription medicines should only be 10 from a registered pharmacy against a prescription issued by a healthcare professional.” 【答案】 1．D 2．H 3．C 4．F 5．K 6．B 7．E 8．I 9．G 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是英国北安普顿一家非法制造假冒减肥针剂（包括未授权的Retatrutide和其他潜在致命减肥产品）的工厂遭到政府机构突击检查并被查封的事件。 1．考查被动语态。句意：近日，英国北安普顿一家生产假减肥针的工厂被政府机构突击搜查并拆除。由上文“manufacturing fake weight-loss shots has been raided”可知，此处表示“这家工厂被政府拆除”，空格处意为“拆除”，是tear down，工厂是被拆除，句子用被动语态，空前有has been，空格处用过去分词torn，故选D。 2．考查副词。句意：替泽帕肽，更广为人知的是其品牌名称Mounjaro，在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）中，符合某些标准的患者可以使用它来减肥。由下文“known under its brand name Mounjaro”可知，此处表示“替泽帕肽更广为人知的是其品牌名称Mounjaro”，空格处意为“普遍地”，是commonly，故选H。 3．考查副词。句意：该工厂位于北安普顿郊区的一个工业区，人们相信它曾被用于大规模生产、包装和分销未经许可的、可能致命的减肥产品。由下文“deadly”可知，此处表示“这种产品可能会致命”，空格处意为“可能”，是potentially，故选C。 4．考查被动语态。句意：在工厂里发现的成品的街头价值估计超过25万英镑。由下文“to be more than £250,000”可知，此处表示“估计超过25万英镑”，空格处意为“估计”，是estimate，价值是被估计，句子用被动语态，空前有is，空格处用过去分词，故选F。 5．考查不定式。句意：英国食品药品监督管理局表示，为期两天的搜查行动是他们打击非法减肥药贸易的最新行动。由下文“the illegal trade”可知，此处表示“打击非法减肥药贸易”，空格处意为“打击”，是tackle，此处用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处用原形，故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：英国卫生和社会保障部部长韦斯·斯特里廷说，这次突袭是“打击无耻罪犯的一次胜利，这些罪犯通过出售危险和非法的减肥药物来谋取暴利，置生命于不顾”。由下文“by selling dangerous and illegal weight loss shots to make a quick buck”可知，此处表示“这些罪犯让人的生命处于风险中”，空格处意为“处于风险中”，空格处是“风险”，是risk，put sth. at risk意为“把某物置于危险之中”。故选B。 7．考查名词。句意：这些不受监管的产品在生产时完全不顾安全或质量，给不知情的顾客带来了重大风险。我的信息很明确：不要从不受监管的渠道购买减肥药。与你的医生沟通，寻求专业建议，不要让那些无视你健康的罪犯中饱私囊。由上文“These unregulated products”可知，此处表示“这些产品不顾安全或质量”，空格处意为“关心，关注”，是regard，with no regard for意为“不顾，不考虑”。故选E。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：与你的医生沟通，寻求专业建议，不要让那些无视你健康的罪犯中饱私囊。由上文“criminals”可知，此处表示“无视你健康的罪犯”，空格处意为“无视”，是overlook，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，who指代的先行词criminals是复数，因此空格处用原形，故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：MHRA刑事执法部门负责人Andy Morling表示：“这次缉获表明，这些犯罪分子为了利润会不择手段。”由下文“these criminals will go to for profit”可知，此处表示“这些犯罪分子为了利润会不择手段”，go to lengths是固定短语，意为“不惜代价，不择手段”，因此空格处是lengths。故选G。 10．考查被动语态。句意：处方药必须仅凭医疗专业人员开具的处方，从注册药房获取。由上文“Prescription medicines”和下文“from a registered pharmacy”可知，此处表示“处方药要从注册药房获取”，空格处意为“获取”，是obtain，药是被获取，句子用被动语态，空前有should only be，空格处用过去分词，故选J。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．possess  B．adapting  C． backward  D．patterns  E. transfer  F. superiority G. complicated  H. tongue  I. influence  J. series  K. reflecting Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no underlying 1 of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic rank among languages. People once thought of the languages of 2 groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a 3 of grunts and groans, it is a fact established, by the study of“underdeveloped” languages that no spoken 4 answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the 5 of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound 6 or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, 7 the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to 8 the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and 9 them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “underdeveloped” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and 10 . This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank. 【答案】 1．F 2．C 3．J 4．H 5．E 6．D 7．K 8．A 9．B 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了文化无优劣之分，同时以语言为切入点，阐明所谓 “落后群体” 的语言并非原始粗陋，而是具备复杂精妙的体系。 1．考查名词。句意：对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在的优越性，就像对于专业的语言学家来说，语言之间没有内在的等级之分。空处作there be句型的主语，结合“no intrinsic rank among languages”可知，此处对应“等级”，强调文化无优劣差异，名词 superiority“优越性；优势”符合题意。故选F。 2．考查形容词。句意：人们曾经认为落后群体的语言是原始、不发达的言语形式，主要由咕哝声和呻吟声构成。空处修饰名词groups，结合前文“however savage, underdeveloped”及后文“savage, underdeveloped forms of speech”可知，此处指被认为落后的群体，形容词backward“落后的；发展迟缓的”符合题意。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：虽然语言总体上可能起源于一系列的咕哝声和呻吟声，但通过对“不发达”语言的研究可以确定，如今没有任何一种口语符合这种描述。此处为固定搭配a series of，意为“一系列”，结合语境，语言最初可能由一连串简单声音构成，名词series“一系列；连续”符合题意。故选J。 4．考查名词。句意：虽然语言总体上可能起源于一系列的咕哝声和呻吟声，但通过对“不发达”语言的研究可以确定，如今没有任何一种口语符合这种描述。空处前有形容词spoken修饰，结合前文“the languages”“forms of speech”可知，此处特指口语，名词tongue“语言”符合题意。故选H。 5．考查名词。句意：按照我们最严格的标准，未开化群体的大多数语言都是极其复杂、精妙且独特的思想传递工具。空处作介词for的宾语，结合“pieces of machinery”和“ideas”可知，语言是传递思想的工具，名词transfer“传递；转移”符合题意。故选E。 6．考查名词。句意：它们落后于我们西方语言的，不在于其发音模式或语法结构 —— 这些通常完全能满足所有语言需求，而仅在于其词汇量，而词汇量反映了使用者所熟知的事物和活动。空处与“grammatical structures”并列，指语言的构成要素，结合“sound”可知，此处指发音模式，名词patterns“模式；样式” 符合题意。故选D。 7．考查动词。句意：它们落后于我们西方语言的，不在于其发音模式或语法结构 —— 这些通常完全能满足所有语言需求，而仅在于其词汇量，而词汇量反映了使用者所熟知的事物和活动。结合语境，词汇能够反映使用者的认知范围，动 reflect“反映；体现”符合题意，空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语vocabularies与动词之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：所有语言似乎都具备扩充词汇的机制，要么通过组合已有的词汇，要么从其他语言中借用词汇并使其融入自身的语言体系。seem to后接动词原形，结合“the machinery for vocabulary expansion”可知，语言都拥有扩充词汇的机制，动词possess“拥有；具备”符合题意。故选A。 9．考查动词。句意：所有语言似乎都具备扩充词汇的机制，要么通过组合已有的词汇，要么从其他语言中借用词汇并使其融入自身的语言体系。空处与borrowing并列，作介词by的宾语，结合“to their own system”可知，借用词汇后要使其适应自身语言体系，动词adapting“使适应；改编”符合题意。故选B。 10．考查形容词。句意：在 “不发达” 的语言中，需要命名和区分的事物与活动，虽然与我们的不同，但数量之多、复杂程度之高往往令人惊讶。空处与numerous并列，修饰objects and activities，结合前文“extremely complex”及语境，这些事物和活动往往十分复杂，形容词complicated“复杂的；难懂的”符合题意。故选G。 话题2 人与社会（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．determine   B．comment   C． fascinating   D．fancy  E. transport F. appreciate    G. amazing   H. energetic   I. acquire   J. establish   K. maintaining Cultural Exploration Through Traditional Packaging Cultural exploration often begins with the most ordinary objects. In many societies, the packaging and decoration of traditional goods reveal 1 stories about local customs and values. During my recent visit to a small village, I had a(n) 2 opportunity to observe how local artisans 3 their unique cultural identity through their craft. The villagers use 4 packaging not just for aesthetic purposes, but to deliver important cultural messages. Each decoration is carefully designed to 5 the product’s cultural significance. For instance, the intricate patterns on ceramic containers transport ancient symbols that have been passed down through generations. This cultural acquisition process helps preserve traditions while allowing for creative expression. What makes this cultural exploration particularly interesting is how modern influences blend with traditional practices. Many young artisans 6 that they aim to acquire new techniques while 7 the essence of their heritage. The establishment of cultural centers has made it easier for visitors to understand and 8 these art forms. Through careful observation, one can determine the deep connection between material culture and spiritual beliefs. The packaging industry has also recognized the value of traditional decoration. Many companies now deliver products using culturally-inspired designs, helping to 9 local aesthetics to global markets. This cultural exchange demonstrates how traditional practices can 10 contemporary relevance while preserving their authentic character. 【答案】 1．C 2．G 3．J 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．K 8．F 9．E 10．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了传统包装在文化探索中的重要作用，它不仅传递美学价值，还承载着重要的文化信息，现代与传统在此融合，共同展现文化的魅力。 1．考查形容词。句意：在许多社会中，传统商品的包装和装饰揭示了关于当地习俗和价值观的迷人故事。根据空后的“stories about local customs and values”可知，空处应用形容词fascinating“迷人的”，修饰名词stories，作定语，表示“关于当地习俗和价值观的迷人故事”。故选C。 2．考查形容词。句意：在最近访问一个小村庄时，我有了一个惊人的机会，观察当地工匠如何通过他们的手工艺确立他们独特的文化身份。根据空后的“opportunity to observe how local artisans ______ their unique cultural identity through their craft”可知，空处应用形容词amazing“惊人的”，修饰名词opportunity，作定语，表示“一个惊人的机会”。故选G。 3．考查动词。句意：在最近访问一个小村庄时，我有了一个惊人的机会，观察当地工匠如何通过他们的手工艺确立他们独特的文化身份。根据空后的“their unique cultural identity through their craft”可知，空处应用动词establish“确立”，表示“通过他们的手工艺确立他们独特的文化身份”，描述当地工匠一贯的做法，用一般现在时，主语为复数，空处应用动词原形。故选J。 4．考查形容词。句意：村民们使用精美的包装不仅是为了审美目的，也是为了传递重要的文化信息。根据空后的“packaging not just for aesthetic purposes, but to deliver important cultural messages”可知，空处应用形容词fancy“精美的”，修饰名词packaging，作定语，表示“精美的包装”。故选D。 5．考查动词。句意：每一处装饰都经过精心设计，以确定产品的文化意义。根据空前的“Each decoration is carefully designed to”和空后的“the product’s cultural significance”可知，空处应用动词determine“确定”，表示“每一处装饰都经过精心设计，以确定产品的文化意义”，且空前有不定式符号to，空处应用动词原形。故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：许多年轻工匠评论说，他们的目标是获取新技术，同时保持他们遗产的精髓。根据空后的“that they aim to acquire new techniques”可知，空处应用动词comment“评论”，表示“许多年轻工匠评论说”，且句子描述的是客观事实，所以空处应用一般现在时，主语artisans是复数，空处应用动词原形。故选B。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多年轻工匠评论说，他们的目标是获取新技术，同时保持他们遗产的精髓。根据空前的“while”和空后的“the essence of their heritage”可知，空处应用动词maintain“保持”，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的时间状语从句完整句子为while they are maintaining，省略we are，保留现在分词。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：文化中心的建立使游客更容易理解和欣赏这些艺术形式。根据空前的“understand and”和空后的“these art forms”可知，空处应用动词appreciate“欣赏”，表示“理解和欣赏这些艺术形式”，且空前有不定式符号to，空处与understand并列，应用动词原形。故选F。 9．考查动词。句意：许多公司现在使用受文化启发的设计来交付产品，帮助将当地美学输送到全球市场。根据空后的“local aesthetics to global markets”可知，空处应用动词transport“运输，输送”，表示“将当地美学输送到全球市场”，且空前有不定式符号to，空处应用动词原形。故选E。 10．考查动词。句意：这种文化交流展示了传统实践如何在保持其真实性的同时获得当代相关性。根据空后的“contemporary relevance while preserving their authentic character”可知，空处应用动词acquire“获得”，表示“获得当代相关性”，且空前有情态动词can，空处应用动词原形。故选I。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. There is one word more than you will need. A．violent  B．strength  C． humanity  D．grew  E. constantly  F. disagreement  G. intelligent  H. Strangely I. independent  J. remembered  K. popularity Olympic Sports have changed a lot in the last few thousand years. The ancient games began with just one 192-meter race. In the later years, the game 1 to include a total of six sports. Most of the ancient Olympic sports tested skills soldiers needed. These include races where runners wore fighting equipment and the pankration (搏击) — a 2 sport with few rules. Even the modern Olympics were once far smaller than they are today. The first of the modern games, in 1896, only had 241 athletes from 14 countries. Moreover, the early modern Olympics were not a(n) 3 event. Until 1908, the Olympics were part of the world’s fair! At the first modern Olympics, there were 43 events from ten sports. Many of the sports from the early modern games are no longer part of the Olympics. There has always been a lot of 4 over changing Olympic sports. Critics say that the modern games have become more of a(n) 5 contest than an athletic competition. The number of Olympic sports has 6 increased throughout history. At the Beijing Olympic Games, athletes competed in 302 events from 28 sports. Even with all the changes, the games still celebrate the best 7 it has to offer. Some ancient champions became so famous that the things they did are still 8 today. Milo was one of the most famous athletes in the ancient world. He won six Olympic wrestling championships and was famous for his great 9 . One story tells of Milo holding up a collapsing roof while the people inside ran to safety. The boxer Melankomas was known for his good looks. 10 , Melankomas never hit, or was hit by another fighter. He always avoided his opponents until they were too tired and frustrated to fight anymore. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．I 4．F 5．K 6．E 7．C 8．J 9．B 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了奥林匹克运动会的历史变化以及一些著名的奥林匹克运动员的故事。 1．考查动词。句意：在后来的几年里，奥运会逐渐发展到包括六个运动项目。根据“The ancient games began with just one 192-meter race.”可知，古代运动会一开始只有一项比赛，后来逐渐发展，所以用动词grew“发展；扩大”，描述过去的事情，是一般过去时，故填D。 2．考查形容词。句意：其中包括跑步者穿着战斗装备的比赛和几乎没有规则的暴力搏击运动。修饰名词sport用形容词，根据“with few rules”可知，搏击是暴力的，violent是形容词，意为“暴力的”，故填A。 3．考查形容词。句意：此外，早期的现代奥运会并不是一个独立的活动。修饰名词event用形容词，根据“Until 1908, the Olympics were part of the world’s fair!”可知，早期的现代奥运会并不是一个独立的活动，independent是形容词，意为“独立的”，故填I。 4．考查名词。句意：对于改变奥运项目一直存在很多分歧。a lot of修饰名词，根据“over changing Olympic sports”可知，此处是指在改变奥运项目方面存在分歧，disagreement是名词，意为“分歧”，故填F。 5．考查名词。句意：批评人士说，现代奥运会与其说是一场体育比赛，不如说是一场人气比赛。a(n)后接名词，根据“Critics say”和“than an athletic competition”可知，批评人士认为现代奥运会是人气比赛，popularity是名词，意为“人气”，故填K。 6．考查副词。句意：纵观历史，奥运会的体育项目数量一直在不断增加。修饰动词increased用副词，根据“At the Beijing Olympic Games, athletes competed in 302 events from 28 sports.”可知，奥运会的体育项目数量一直在不断增加，constantly是副词，意为“不断地”，故填E。 7．考查名词。句意：即使发生了所有的变化，奥运会仍然在庆祝人类所能提供的最好的东西。the best修饰名词，根据“Some ancient champions became so famous”可知，奥运会仍然在庆祝人类所能提供的最好的东西，humanity是名词，意为“人类”，故填C。 8．考查动词。句意：一些古代冠军非常有名，他们所做的事情至今仍被人们铭记。are后接动词的过去分词构成被动语态，根据“Some ancient champions became so famous”可知，一些古代冠军所做的事情至今仍被人们铭记，remembered是动词过去分词，意为“记得”，故填J。 9．考查名词。句意：他赢得了六次奥运会摔跤冠军，并以其强大的实力而闻名。great修饰名词，根据“He won six Olympic wrestling championships”可知，他以强大的实力而闻名，strength是名词，意为“力量”，故填B。 10．考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，梅兰科马斯从未击打过其他拳击手，也从未被其他拳击手击打过。修饰整个句子用副词，根据“Melankomas was known for his good looks.”可知，奇怪的是，梅兰科马斯从未击打过其他拳击手，也从未被其他拳击手击打过，strangely是副词，意为“奇怪的是”，故填H。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．delivered  B．likely  C． causes  D．actually  AB．dramatic  AC． expected AD．encouraging  BC． balance  BD．facing  CD．cities  ABC． sparkly National governments neglecting development needs of cities National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with inadequate (不充足的) development policies, a new report has found. 1 , national governments are key to making cities more sustainable. However, only a quarter of the world’s governments have urban development policies at all. The report looks at the key measures of energy production, transport and waste management. For instance, 2 the use of electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can also have a huge effect, not just on greenhouse gas emissions but also on removing some of the key 3 of air pollution. Derik Broekhoff of the Stockholm Environment Institute, the lead author of the study, said: “Now is the time for national governments to put cities at the heart of their national development strategies (策略). Countries must consider what policies need to be 4 in order to ensure their countries and cities are prepared for the urbanization (城市化) and 5 climate challenges.” Cities around the world are 6 rapid population growth, and are 7 to be among the areas that are worst hit by climate change. For most of human history, the rural population was greater than those of 8 , and it is only in just over the last decade that this 9 has shifted, with most of the world’s populations now living in urban centers, a trend that is, 10 to speed up even further. 【答案】 1．D 2．AD 3．C 4．A 5．AB 6．BD 7．B 8．CD 9．BC 10．AC 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一份新报告显示，各国政府常忽视大城市发展需求，仅少数有城市发展政策。全球城市正面临人口增长与气候挑战，如今城市人口已超农村，且城市化趋势预计将进一步加速。 1．考查副词。句意：实际上，各国政府是推动城市实现可持续发展的重要力量。前句“National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with inadequate development policies,a new report has found.(一份新的报告指出，世界各国的政府在制定发展规划时，往往忽视了大城市的需求，导致城市发展不力)”指出各国政府忽视城市发展需求，后句转折强调“各国政府实则是城市可持续发展的关键”，用副词actually（实际上）修饰后文句子，体现转折关系，衔接自然。故选D。 2．考查动词。句意：例如，鼓励使用电动汽车而非燃油汽车也能产生巨大影响，不仅会减少温室气体排放，还能消除一些主要的空气污染源。空格后为“the use of electric vehicles”（电动汽车的使用），encouraging（鼓励）符合“鼓励电动汽车使用以减少污染”的语义，且与后文“have a huge effect” 形成逻辑呼应，此处用动名词作主语。故选AD。 3．考查名词。句意：例如，鼓励使用电动汽车而非燃油汽车也能产生巨大影响，不仅会减少温室气体排放，还能消除一些主要的空气污染源。根据上文“but also on removing some of the key”可知， causes（原因）与 “removing”（消除）搭配合理，key causes of air pollution（空气污染的主要原因）符合“减少空气污染根源”的语境。故选C。 4．考查动词。句意：各国必须思考需要采取哪些措施，以确保本国及本国城市能够应对城市化进程以及严峻的气候挑战。空格前为“policies need to be”，需用过去分词构成被动语态，delivered（实施；推行）与 policies 搭配，表达“为应对挑战需推行的政策”，符合句意。故选A。 5．考查形容词。句意：各国必须思考需要采取哪些措施，以确保本国及本国城市能够应对城市化进程以及严峻的气候挑战。空格后为“climate challenges”（气候挑战），dramatic（严峻的；显著的）可修饰“挑战”，体现气候问题的严重性，符合上下文对城市面临危机的描述。故选AB。 6．考查动词。句意：世界各地的城市正面临着人口的快速增长，而且很可能会成为受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。根据后文“rapid population growth”（面临人口快速增长）可知，facing（面临）与“cities”为主谓关系，用现在分词形式符合“城市正面临的现状”的语境。故选BD。 7．考查形容词。句意：世界各地的城市正面临着人口的快速增长，而且很可能会成为受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。根据后文“to be among the areas that are worst hit by climate change.”可知，此处表达“城市有可能成为受气候变化影响最严重的地区”，be likely to do sth.（有可能做某事）符合对未来趋势的预测。故选B。 8．考查名词。句意：在人类历史的大部分时间里，农村人口都多于城市人口，然而，直到最近十年左右，这种比例才发生了逆转，如今世界上大多数人口都居住在城市地区，而且这一趋势预计还会进一步加快。前句 “rural population was greater than those of...”中，rural（农村的）与 cities（城市）形成人口对比，指代“城市人口”，符合“人类历史上农村人口曾多于城市人口”的事实。故选CD。 9．考查名词。句意：在人类历史的大部分时间里，农村人口都多于城市人口，然而，直到最近十年左右，这种平衡才发生了逆转，如今世界上大多数人口都居住在城市地区，而且这一趋势预计还会进一步加快。根据上文“ For most of human history, the rural population was greater than those of 8 , ”和下文“ with most of the world’s populations now living in urban centers”可知，此处指人口分布的平衡状态，balance（平衡）符合“农村人口向城市转移”的语境。故选BC。 10．考查固定短语。句意：在人类历史的大部分时间里，农村人口都多于城市人口，然而，直到最近十年左右，这种比例才发生了逆转，如今世界上大多数人口都居住在城市地区，而且这一趋势预计还会进一步加快。此处与前文“most people now live in urban centers”形成递进，表达“城市化趋势预计会进一步加速”，be expected to do sth.（预计会做某事），符合对未来人口流动趋势的预测。故选AC。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bless  B．global  C． headed  D．independent  E. matches  F. noticed G. obvious  H. remains  I. reputation  J. restored  K. value Marseille: the City of 100 neighborhoods “Come to Marseille (马赛). It’s not like other French cities. It’s cool and the weather is hot,” my French friend Pierre Picard said on the phone, referencing both its fashionable urban character and the 300 days of sunshine that 1 the city each year. At his invitation, I set forth on the journey to France’s second largest city. Despite giving its name to the French national anthem (国歌) —“La Marseille” — it’s a city with a 2 of being distinct from the rest of the country. Among its residents are waves of migrants who arrived over 2,500 years of recorded history, making it not just France’s oldest city but its most multicultural one as well. The story begins with the ancient Greeks, who recognized the 3 of the deep-water port. They settled in what is now Le Panier, Marseille’s oldest district overlooking the Vieux Port. Six centuries as a(n) 4 Greek city ended when the armies of Caesar (凯撒) came crashing in, claiming the city for Rome in 49 B．C． E. In the 9th century, the city was taken over by the Arabs. When France’s ambitions turned from region-oriented to 5 , Marseille enjoyed a golden age as the “Gate of Empire”. France’s navies and fortune-seekers set off from the Vieux Port to North African and American colonies as well as Asia. But this was no one-way road. Everything landed in Marseille: people and culture. The historical traces were 6 when I walked along the Cours Belsince, a broad Boulevard (林荫大道). Here, the smell of Arab and Turkish food floated through the air with the comforting richness of home cooking. Trackside vendors sold African wood carvings and colourful headscarves. Although sea transportation has declined, the Vieux Port 7 the city’s focus. Its waters are dotted with yachts moving like swans on a lake. All roads seem to lead there, and anyone attempting to explore the city on foot inevitably ends up on the waterfront. To my mind, its view 8 the great harbours of the world, such as Sydney. To escape the heat, I 9 to the Plagedes Catalans. In the late-afternoon sun, the beach was soaked in an amber color. I walked past a group playing volleyball. Several locals were sunbathing and gossiping. It was here that I belatedly (延迟地) 10 Marseille’s “Frenchness.” I recalled one of Pierre’s lunchtime jokes: “If you come to France and you don’t come to Marseille, you won’t see France.” He had a point: The city is just another expression of a country more diverse than it often likes to admit. 【答案】 1．A 2．I 3．K 4．D 5．B 6．G 7．H 8．E 9．C 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者受邀游览法国马赛的经历，介绍其多元文化历史、港口特色及独特的“法国风情”，展现马赛的与众不同。 1．考查动词。句意：电话中我的法国朋友皮埃尔·皮卡德提到了它时尚的城市特质，以及每年300天的阳光照耀着这座城市。空格处需填动词作定语从句谓语，主语“the 300 days of sunshine”为复数，用原形。bless意为“祝福，照耀”，“sunshine that bless the city”表示“照耀这座城市的阳光”，符合语境。故选A。 2．考查名词。句意：尽管法国国歌以它命名——《马赛曲》——但这座城市有着与法国其他地区截然不同的名声。空格处需填名词，作with的宾语，“a reputation of being distinct”表示“与众不同的名声”，结合后文“多元文化”的特点，马赛确实与法国其他城市风格迥异，reputation符合语境。故选I。 3．考查名词。句意：故事始于古希腊人，他们认识到这个深水港的价值。空格处需填名词，作recognized的宾语，古希腊人选择在此定居，正是因为深水港具有重要价值，value意为“价值”，符合逻辑。故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：公元前49年，凯撒的军队攻入，将这座城市纳入罗马版图，结束了其作为独立希腊城市的六个世纪。空格处需填形容词修饰“Greek city”，结合“被罗马征服”的背景，此前马赛是独立的希腊城市，independent意为“独立的”，符合语境。故选D。 5．考查形容词。句意：当法国的野心从区域导向转向全球导向时，马赛作为“帝国之门”迎来了黄金时代。空格处需填形容词，与“region-oriented（区域导向的）”形成对比，“global”意为“全球的”，“global-oriented”表示“全球导向的”，符合法国向海外扩张、马赛成为重要港口的历史背景。故选B。 6．考查形容词。句意：当我漫步在贝尔辛斯林荫大道时，这些历史痕迹显而易见。空格处需填形容词，作were的表语，结合后文“空气中弥漫着阿拉伯和土耳其食物的气味、商贩售卖非洲木雕”等场景，多元文化的历史痕迹十分明显，obvious意为“明显的”，符合语境。故选G。 7．考查动词。句意：尽管海上运输已经衰落，但老港仍然是这座城市的核心。空格处需填动词作谓语，主语“the Vieux Port”为单数，用第三人称单数形式。remains意为“仍然是，保持”，“remains the city’s focus”表示“仍然是城市的核心”，结合后文“所有道路似乎都通向那里”，老港的核心地位未变，remains符合语境。故选H。 8．考查动词。句意：在我看来，它的景色堪比世界上最棒的港口，比如悉尼港。空格处需填动词作谓语，主语“its view”为单数，用第三人称单数形式。matches意为“比得上，匹配”，“view matches the great harbours”表示“景色堪比顶级港口”，体现老港景色的优美，符合语境。故选E。 9．考查动词。句意：为了避暑，我前往加泰罗尼亚海滩。空格处需填动词作谓语，“head to”是固定短语，意为“前往”，结合“escape the heat（避暑）”，作者前往海滩乘凉，headed符合语境。故选C。 10．考查动词。句意：正是在这里，我迟迟才注意到马赛的“法国风情”。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合前文描述马赛的多元文化（阿拉伯、非洲等元素），作者在此刻才感受到其独特的“法国特质”，noticed意为“注意到”，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．alternative    B．awareness    C． contributing    D．cap    AB．eliminate AC． embarrassed     AD．emissions    BC． exposed    BD．favored    CD．immediate ABC． present                 The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not 1 to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world’s most touristic areas. The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market crisis in the United States. Because of it, many households were forced to restrict their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 2 surroundings. At the same time, 3 of the environmental impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people — with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on introducing a tourist 4 . Staycation appears like a great solution for the challenges above mentioned. In fact, staying close to home will 5 the budget for accommodation and transport. Apart from the financial savings, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 6 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; instead, other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are 7 . This allows people’s carbon footprints not to increase as much as they would if long distances had been traveled. A staycation is a form of 8 tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 9 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy. There are no fully-booked days, and no rush to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time. Given the multiple advantages of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be 10 at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year. 【答案】 1．C 2．CD 3．B 4．D 5．AB 6．AD 7．BD 8．A 9．ABC 10．AC 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 “宅度假” 这一概念，它因2008年美国市场危机及人们环保意识增强而兴起，具有节省开支、环保等优点，与慢旅游趋势相符。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它与减少污染、省钱以及不造成世界上一些旅游胜地出现的过度混乱密切相关。contribute to为固定短语，意为“导致；促成”，在“and”连接的并列结构中，“not + 动名词”与“less pollution, saving money”形式一致，需用动名词形式，故“contributing”符合语境。故填C。 2．考查形容词。句意：出国旅游资金的短缺是许多人开始（重新）发现他们最邻近环境的原因。immediate为形容词，意为“附近的；紧邻的”，用于修饰名词“surroundings”，符合没钱出国旅游所以关注附近环境的语境。故填CD。 3．考查名词。句意：与此同时，人们对旅游业环境影响的意识，尤其是对交通影响的意识，也开始增强。awareness为名词，“awareness of...”表示“对……的意识”，此处表达人们对旅游业环境影响方面意识的提升，符合语境。故填B。 4．考查名词。句意：此外，人们还认为，一些主要城市（国外）的人口越来越拥挤——巴塞罗那、威尼斯或塞舌尔等地正计划引入游客上限。cap作名词时，有“限额”之意，“introduce a tourist cap”即“引入游客上限”，符合这些地方应对游客过多采取措施的语境。故填D。 5．考查动词。句意：事实上，在离家近的地方度假将省去住宿和交通的预算。eliminate为动词，意为“消除；排除”，will后接动词原形。在此处表示宅度假能去除住宿和交通方面的预算花费，符合语境。故填AB。 6．考查名词。句意：除了省钱，居家度假还有一个好处，那就是可以把有害的排放物控制在地下。emissions为名词，意为“排放物”作宾语，“harmful emissions”即“有害排放物”，与前文提到减少交通工具使用从而减少排放相呼应，符合语境。故填AD。 7．考查被动语态。句意：汽车、船只和飞机不被（或较少被）使用；相反，像公共交通、自行车、电动滑板车或者步行等其他交通方式更受青睐。favor作动词有“偏爱；更喜欢”之意，此处other means of transport作主语，需用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，空格前已经有are，过去分词favored符合语境，表示这些交通方式更受喜爱。故填BD。 8．考查形容词。句意：宅度假是一种完全符合慢旅游趋势的替代性旅游方式。alternative为形容词，意为“可供替代的”，用于修饰tourism，表明宅度假作为一种不同常规旅游的替代方式，符合语境。故填A。 9．考查形容词。句意：慢旅游邀请你活在当下。present作形容词，意为“当前的；现在的”符合语境，in the present moment为固定表达，意为“在当下”，符合慢旅游鼓励人们珍惜当下的语境。故填ABC。 10．考查形容词。句意：鉴于本地旅游的诸多优点，当你在工作时在咖啡机旁被问到今年要去哪里度假时，你再也没有理由感到尴尬了。embarrassed为形容词，意为“尴尬的”，在“be”动词后作表语，结合前文宅度假优点多，可知面对度假询问无需尴尬，符合语境。故填AC。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．admired B．term C． blessed D．brief E. professionally F. buried G. recover H. typically I. marvelous J. point K. referred Art occurs in many forms: music, dance, painting, architecture, sculpture, cinema, and literature, among others. Works of art can make people feel moved, even to the 1 of tears. In the case of Stendhal syndrome (综合症状), however, this feeling is so intense that a person can experience a rapid heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, or fainting. It may even require hospitalization. In the Italian city of Florence, numerous visitors viewing the 2 Renaissance art there have experienced this and have required medical attention. Though not 3 recognized, this condition — now 4 to as Stendhal syndrome — does exist. While great art is found in every civilization, Florence has been especially 5 . A small city with a historical center, it is internationally 6 for its amazing concentration of Renaissance art. Florence in the 15th and 16th centuries attracted the talent of many geniuses: artists, scientists, and authors were welcomed here. Some of the greatest Western works of art can be found in Florence, such as the statue of David by Michelangelo, The Birth of Venus by Botticelli, and the frescoes (壁画) by Giotto in the Basilica of Santa Croce. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci left works here. Galileo Galilei and Niccolo Machiavelli are 7 here. The syndrome is named after Stendbal, a French author who visited Florence in 1817. He described his experience of being fascinated by the historic and artistic power of the city in one of his books. Though the 8 Stendhal syndrome was not coined until 1979 by Italian psychiatrist Graziella Magherini, the illness had already had a long history. Patients usually 9 within days of their attacks without any miracle drug other than rest and quiet. For them, the cost of viewing the power and beauty of Florence is a 10 trip to a hospital. 【答案】 1．J 2．I 3．E 4．K 5．C 6．A 7．F 8．B 9．G 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍佛罗伦萨的文艺复兴艺术魅力极致，催生“司汤达综合征”，让部分参观者出现不适，背后是这座城市独特的艺术底蕴。 1．考查名词。句意：艺术作品能使人感动，甚至感动到流泪的地步。空处应填名词作介词to的宾语，结合上文“Works of art can make people feel moved”和表程度加深的even可知，此处指感动到流泪的程度，名词point“点”符合，to the point of“到……程度”是固定搭配。故选J。 2．考查形容词。句意：在意大利城市佛罗伦萨，许多观赏那里非凡文艺复兴艺术的游客都有过这种经历，并且需要医疗救助。空处修饰名词短语Renaissance art，需填形容词，结合语境，文艺复兴艺术极具魅力，形容词marvelous“非凡的、奇妙的”符合。故选I。 3．考查副词。句意：尽管未被专业认可，但这种如今被称为司汤达综合征的病症确实存在。空处修饰动词 recognized，需填副词，根据“does exist”推测，此处指没有得到专业的认可，但确实存在，副词professionally“专业地”， 符合语境。故选E。 4．考查动词。句意：尽管未被专业认可，但这种如今被称为司汤达综合征的病症确实存在。根据“to as Stendhal syndrome”可知，此处是指这种综合征的名词，be referred to as“被称为、被称作”符合题意。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：虽然伟大的艺术存在于每个文明中，但佛罗伦萨尤其幸运。空处作表语，结合后文佛罗伦萨汇聚大量文艺复兴艺术佳作，形容词blessed“幸运的、受眷顾的”符合语境，be blessed 表示“得天独厚”。故选C。 6．考查动词。句意：这座历史中心小巧的城市，因其惊人的文艺复兴艺术集中度而享誉国际。be admired for是固定搭配，意为“因……而受赞赏”，符合佛罗伦萨因艺术闻名的语境。故选A。 7．考查动词。句意：伽利略・伽利莱和尼科洛・马基雅维利也安葬于此。结合语境，此处指两位名人安葬在佛罗伦萨，动词buried“埋葬”符合，过去分词和are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选F。 8．考查名词。句意：尽管“司汤达综合征”这一术语直到1979年才由意大利精神病学家格拉齐亚ella・马盖里尼提出，但这种疾病早已存在。空处应填名词作主语，指“司汤达综合征”这一特定称谓，名词term“术语、名称”符合。故选B。 9．考查动词。句意：患者通常在发病后几天内无需特效药仅通过休息和静养就能康复。空处为句子谓语，结合“without any miracle drug other than rest and quiet”可知，动词recover“康复”符合语境，主语patients为复数，谓语动词用原形。故选G。 10．考查形容词。句意：对他们来说，欣赏佛罗伦萨的力量与美所付出的代价，只是一次短暂的住院经历。空处修饰名词trip，结合前文“recover within days”可知，形容词 brief“短暂的”符合。故选D。 话题3 人与自然（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．altered   B．bans   C． bridge   D．containers   E. contributed   F. cost   G. encouraging   H. list   I. marine   J. platforms   K. widening Food delivery apps are changing the way we eat It’s raining, it’s dinnertime, and the fridge is nearly empty. Years ago, we made do; today, we order food through our phones. Within twenty minutes, we get whatever it was we were craving, we’re warm and dry, and there’s not a single dish to wash afterward. Food delivery apps have 1 the landscape of how we eat, particularly in big cities. The industry is a complex machine; there’s Meituan, Eleme, Hema… the 2 goes on. These companies are expanding and changing at a rapid rate, bringing on the rise of virtual restaurants and ghost kitchens, and customers who will never step inside a brick-and-mortar shop (实体店). Of course, these apps bring all types of cuisines around the city to our fingertips, but it comes at a 3 . And one of the real environmental concerns lies in all that plastic and excess (过量的) food. In the U.S. alone, packaging accounts for 30 percent of municipal (市政的) solid waste. In 2017, that meant 80.1 million tons. Food delivery systems are likely 4 this huge number to rise. Durable materials like the plastics serveware is made from, are difficult to dispose of (处理). Restaurant delivery is a global phenomenon — as is the impact on the environment. Meituan, one of the leading Chinese delivery 5 , delivered 6.4 billion food orders in 2018. It is estimated that China 6 1.6 million tons of packaging waste (containers, utensils, plastic bags) in 2017, nine times more than in 2015. In the EU, University of Manchester researchers estimate, over two billion disposable takeaway 7 are used every year. Most of those are not recycled. According to the European Commission, packaging, which includes plastic utensils, plates, and straws, makes up 70% of all 8 pollution found in European seas. Plastic 9 , alternative packaging materials, and other efforts to cut down on waste are on the rise. Food delivery apps should, too, do their part to raise awareness for plastic pollution and 10 the gap between food waste and hunger. 【答案】 1．A 2．H 3．F 4．K 5．J 6．E 7．D 8．I 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了外卖软件的便利性重塑了现代饮食方式，但塑料包装和食物浪费造成严峻环境问题，需通过禁令、替代材料和行业责任来缓解。 1．考查动词。句意：外卖软件改变了饮食方式，尤其在大城市。空处和have构成谓语，时态为现在完成时，结合“Food delivery apps”和“the landscape of how we eat”可推知，A项altered“改变”符合题意，表示“改变了饮食方式”。故选A。 2．考查名词。句意：行业如复杂机器：美团、饿了么、盒马……名单还在延长。空处作主语，结合“Meituan, Eleme, Hema…”可推知，H项list“名单”符合题意，表示“名单还在延长”。故选H。 3．考查名词。句意：当然，这些程序将城市中的各种美食带到我们的指尖，但这是有代价的。空处作at的宾语，结合下一句中的“one of the real environmental concerns”可推知，F项cost“代价”符合题意，表示“这是有代价的”。故选F。 4．考查动词。句意：外卖系统可能加剧这一数字的上升。空处和are构成谓语，结合“this huge number”可推知，K项widening“使扩大”符合题意，表示“加剧这一数字的上升”。故选K。 5．考查名词。句意：美团是中国领先的外卖平台之一，2018年交付了64亿份外卖订单。空处作of的宾语，结合“Meituan”可推知，J项platforms“平台”符合题意，表示“中国领先的外卖平台之一”。故选J。 6．考查动词。句意：据估计，2017年中国造成了160万吨包装垃圾（容器、器具、塑料袋），是2015年的9倍。空处作从句的谓语，结合“1.6 million tons of packaging waste”可推知，E项contributed“造成”符合题意，表示“造成了160万吨包装垃圾”。故选E。 7．考查名词。句意：曼彻斯特大学的研究人员估计，在欧盟，每年使用超过20亿个一次性外卖容器。空处作主语，结合“disposable takeaway”可推知，D项containers“容器”符合题意，表示“一次性外卖容器”。故选D。 8．考查形容词。句意：据欧盟委员会称，包括塑料器皿、盘子和吸管在内的包装占欧洲海域海洋污染总量的70%。空处作修饰pollution的定语，结合“found in European seas”可推知，I项marine“海洋”符合题意，表示“海洋污染”。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：塑料禁令、替代包装材料和其他减少浪费的努力正在增加。空处作主语，结合“alternative packaging materials, and other efforts”可推知，B项bans“禁令”符合题意，表示“塑料禁令”。故选B。 10．考查动词。句意：外卖软件也应该尽自己的一份力量，提高人们对塑料污染的认识，弥合食物浪费和饥饿之间的差距。空处和should构成谓语，结合“the gap between food waste and hunger”可推知，C项bridge“弥合”符合题意，表示“弥合食物浪费和饥饿之间的差距”。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unfortunately    B．recycled    C． end    D．travelled    E. pollution    F. produces G.burned    H. stress    I. contains    J. locally    K. label It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a bigger environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has 1 a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO2, which causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that is; produced 2 . Secondly, we should eat less fast food. Due to its convenience, fast food has become very popular, but it is 3 very bad for the environment. The industry 4 a lot of waste: unnecessary packaging, along with other single-use plastics, is one big part of the problem. Most takeaway containers will probably 5 up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants to use 6 materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food that cause huge environmental 7 . For example, rainforests around the world are being 8 down to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations. To protect the rainforest, we should eat less beef and avoid food that 9 palm oil. 10 and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources in a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. 【答案】 1．D 2．J 3．A 4．F 5．C 6．B 7．H 8．G 9．I 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍日常饮食中可采取的环保措施，如选择本地食物、少吃快餐、避免环境破坏性食物，以减少环境影响。 1．考查动词。句意：首先，我们应避免经过长途运输的食物。根据下文“Food transport is a big source of CO₂”可知，空处用动词作谓语，travelled意为“运输，旅行”，此处表示食物经过长途运输，符合语境。故选D。 2．考查副词。句意：换句话说，最好食用本地生产的食物。根据上文“avoid food that has travelled a long way”可知，空处用副词修饰produced，locally意为“本地地”，此处表示“本地生产”，与“长途运输”形成对比，符合语境。故选J。 3．考查副词。句意：由于方便，快餐变得非常流行，但不幸的是，它对环境非常有害。根据前文“fast food has become very popular”与后文“very bad for the environment”（对环境有害）的转折关系可知，空处用副词表转折后的遗憾，unfortunately意为“不幸地”，符合语境。故选A。 4．考查动词。句意：快餐行业产生大量垃圾：不必要的包装以及其他一次性塑料是主要问题之一。根据后文“a lot of waste”可知，空处用动词作谓语，produces意为“产生”，此处表示快餐行业产生垃圾，符合语境。故选F。 5．考查动词。句意：大多数外卖餐盒最终可能会被扔进垃圾场。根据“the rubbish dump”可知，空处用动词，“end up”是固定搭配，意为“最终成为，最终处于”，此处表示餐盒最终被丢弃到垃圾场，符合语境。故选C。 6．考查形容词。句意：不过，我们可以鼓励餐馆使用可回收材料来包装食物。根据前文“single-use plastics”可知，空处用形容词修饰materials，recycled意为“可回收的”，此处表示“使用可回收材料”，符合环保理念。故选B。 7．考查名词。句意：第三，我们应该避免那些造成巨大环境压力的食物。根据下文“rainforests around the world are being burned down”可知，这类食物的生产给环境带来负担，stress 意为“压力”，environmental stress表示“环境压力”，符合语境。故选H。 8．考查动词。句意：例如，世界各地的雨林正被烧毁，以腾出空间建造牧场和棕榈油种植园。根据“to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations”可知，空处用动词，burned意为“烧毁”，“burn down”表示“烧毁”，此处表示雨林被烧毁，符合语境。故选G。 9．考查动词。句意：为了保护雨林，我们应少吃牛肉，并避免食用含有棕榈油的食物。根据“palm oil”可知，空处用动词作谓语，contains意为“包含，含有”，此处表示“含有棕榈油的食物”，符合语境。故选I。 10．考查名词。句意：污染和气候变化是全球性问题，因此我们都需要共同努力。根据前文多次提到的环保、垃圾、雨林破坏等问题可知，空处用名词，与climate change并列，pollution意为“污染”，符合语境。故选E。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．concerns  B．adopted  C． breathtakingly  D．practices  E. rewards  F. seeking G. measured  H. worsening  I. reduce  J. containers  K. particularly Door-to-door food delivery service has become increasingly popular in cities due to the fast development of online shopping and the busy life in China. As food delivery is extremely common in China, it creates large amounts of waste due to the plastic 1 , bags, and chopsticks that come with each order. This in turn has contributed to great environmental 2 for the waste packaging materials. We have therefore 3 the amount of food delivery packaging waste in China. The results show that the total amount of packaging waste rose from 0.2 million metric tons in 2015 to 1.5 million metric tons in 2020. Over-packaging has been a big headache, adding pressure to our 4 environment. The food delivery packaging is not the fancier, the better. Instead, it is the more environment-friendly, the better. Therefore, it is high time that regulations were 5 to stop restaurants and companies from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping. Also, smart policy suggestions should be provided to handle the pressing issues, 6 using the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) environment-friendly 7 . As the largest city in China, Shanghai has an important role in creating and 8 an efficient solution to the problem of waste. With over 24 million people living in Shanghai, materials sustainability (可持续性), particularly that of plastics, is a big problem. For example, delivery companies like Saucepan have begun to 9 the plastic usage of the food delivery in Shanghai by using biodegradable (可降解的) packaging in the delivery process. Besides, it encourages customers to recycle their plastic bags and 10 them for every 10 used bags that they return to the company. 【答案】 1．J 2．A 3．G 4．H 5．B 6．K 7．D 8．F 9．I 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是随着外卖行业在中国迅速发展，塑料包装废弃物激增，加剧环境压力。以上海为例，部分企业已开始使用可降解包装并奖励回收，探索可持续解决方案。 1．考查名词。句意：由于外卖在中国极为普遍，每份订单附带的塑料容器、袋子和筷子产生了大量垃圾。由“bags, and chopsticks that come with each order”可知，此处表示“每份订单附带的塑料容器、袋子和筷子”，空格处意为“容器”，是container，要用复数，故选J。 2．考查名词。句意：这进而引发了对废弃包装材料巨大的环境担忧。由“for the waste packaging materials”可知，此处表示“环境担忧”，空格处意为“担忧”，是concern，要用复数，故选A。 3．考查动词时态。句意：因此，我们测量了中国外卖包装垃圾的数量。由下文“The results show that the total amount of packaging waste rose from 0.2 million metric tons in 2015 to 1.5 million metric tons in 2020”可知，此处表示“我们测量了中国外卖包装垃圾的数量”，空格处意为“测量”，是measure，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故选G。 4．考查形容词。句意：过度包装一直是个令人头疼的大问题，给我们日益恶化的环境增添了压力。由“environment”可知，此处表示“日益恶化的环境”，空格处意为“日益恶化的”，是worsening。故选H。 5．考查被动语态。句意：因此，是时候出台相关法规，阻止餐馆和公司在不必要的包装和包裹上过度投入了。由下文“to stop restaurants and companies from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping”可知，此处表示“采用相关法规”，空格处意为“采用”，是adopt，法规是被采用，句子用被动语态，因此空格处用过去分词，故选B。 6．考查副词。句意：此外，还应提供明智的政策建议来处理这些紧迫问题，特别是采用“减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法。由下文“using the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”可知，此处表示“特别是采用“减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法”，空格处意为“特别”，是particularly，故选K。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，还应提供明智的政策建议来处理这些紧迫问题，特别是采用“减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法。由上文“Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”可知，此处表示““减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法”，空格处意为“做法”，是practice，由Reduce, Reuse and Recycle可知，空格处用复数，故选D。 8．考查动名词。句意：作为中国最大的城市，上海在创造并寻求解决垃圾问题的有效方案方面发挥着重要作用。由下文“an efficient solution”可知，此处表示“寻求解决垃圾问题的有效方案”，空格处意为“寻求”，是seek，用动名词作宾语，故选F。 9．考查不定式。句意：例如，像Saucepan这样的配送公司已经开始通过在配送过程中使用可降解包装来减少上海食品配送的塑料使用量。由下文“the plastic usage of the food delivery in Shanghai by using biodegradable (可降解的) packaging in the delivery process”可知，此处表示“减少塑料使用量”，空格处意为“减少”，是reduce。begin to do是固定短语，意为“开始做某事”，因此reduce用原形，故选I。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，该公司还鼓励顾客回收塑料袋，顾客每向公司退回10个用过的袋子，就会得到奖励。由“them for every 10 used bags”可知，此处表示“奖励顾客”，空格处意为“奖励”，是reward，和encourages并列，用第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，故选E。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．winning    B．attraction    C． signal    D．relevantly E. desire    F. pleasant    G. driven    H. practical I. dramatically   J. comments   K. limitations In a world that prefers beauty, why are we 1 fascinated with ugly-looking pets, particularly dogs, with exaggerated features? There’s been a pet model change — perfection is out, and droopy (耷拉的) eyes are in. What’s going on? First, we must understand our 2 to cuteness. Human babies are pretty helpless, so there had to be an evolutionary adaptation (进化性适应机制) to ensure we looked after them. According to Konrad Lorenz’s theory, baby’s features like big eyes, big heads and soft bodies lead to a 3 to protect our children. When animals have similar features, we think they 4 “a need for our companionship or care,” causing “the rush of warm emotion that is the cuteness response,” says Joshua Dale, co-editor of The Aesthetics and Affects of Cuteness. During the Victorian era, dog shows were popular, and with them came selective breeding (繁殖) for cuteness rather than health or 5 value. This led to a rise in flat-faced breeds (品种) with flat noses and bulging eyes like bulldogs and pugs — a reminder that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. These breeds continue to be 6 favorites among many people today. The French Bulldog became the most popular dog in the US in 2022. Rowena Parker, lecturer at the Royal Veterinary College in the UK, believes this is partly 7 by social media influencers. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable,” she says. Despite the growing love for these dogs, some make negative 8 — many flat-faced breeds suffer from breathing difficulties and skin infections. Without 9 , dog breeding can give rise to ethical issues. A proof that we start a new chapter of dog preference is the World’s Ugliest Dog Contest, held in California since the 1970s. In a bunch of dogs with uneven ears and broken teeth, which one will be the lovely little favorite 10 us over this year? 【答案】 1．I 2．B 3．E 4．C 5．H 6．F 7．G 8．J 9．K 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过进化心理学和犬类育种史，揭示了现代人痴迷“丑萌”犬种的动因，同时警示了这种带有偏好性的育种的伦理风险。 1．考查副词。句意：在这个崇尚美的世界里，为什么我们会戏剧性地着迷于长相丑陋的宠物，尤其是那些拥有夸张特征的狗？空处修饰形容词fascinated，结合下文的“droopy (耷拉的) eyes are in”可推知，I项dramatically“戏剧性地”符合题意，表示“戏剧性地着迷于长相丑陋的宠物”。故选I。 2．考查名词。句意：首先，我们必须了解可爱对我们的吸引力。空处作understand的宾语，结合“to cuteness”可推知，B项attraction“吸引力”符合题意，表示“可爱对我们的吸引力”。故选B。 3．考查名词。句意：根据Konrad Lorenz的理论，婴儿的特征，比如大眼睛、大头和柔软的身体，会让我们产生保护孩子的欲望。空处作lead to的宾语，结合“to protect our children”可推知，E项desire“欲望”符合题意，表示“保护孩子的欲望”。故选E。 4．考查动词。句意：当动物具有类似特征时，我们认为它们传递出“需要陪伴或照顾”的信号，从而引发“那种温暖情感的涌现，即可爱反应”，《可爱的美学与情感》的合编者Joshua Dale这样说道。空处作谓语，结合“When animals have similar features”可推知，C项signal“发信号，示意”符合题意，表示“传递出‘需要陪伴或照顾’的信号”。故选C。 5．考查形容词。句意：在维多利亚时代，犬展非常流行，随之而来的是为了追求可爱而非健康或实用价值的选择性育种。空处作修饰value的定语，结合“selective breeding (繁殖) for cuteness”可推知，H项practical“实用的”符合题意，表示“追求可爱而非健康或实用价值”。故选H。 6．考查形容词。句意：时至今日，这些品种仍是让许多人快乐的最爱。空处作修饰favorites的定语，结合“These breeds”可推知，F项pleasant“令人愉快的”符合题意，表示“让许多人快乐的最爱”。故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：英国皇家兽医学院讲师Rowena Parker认为，这在一定程度上是受社交媒体影响者驱动的。空处和is构成谓语，结合“by social media influencers”可推知，G项driven“驱动，驱使”符合题意，表示“受社交媒体影响者驱动”。故选G。 8．考查名词。句意：尽管对这些狗的爱与日俱增，也有人提出负面评论——许多扁脸犬种都患有呼吸困难和皮肤感染等问题。空处作make的宾语，结合“many flat-faced breeds suffer from breathing difficulties and skin infections”可推知，J项comments“评论”符合题意，表示“提出负面评论”。故选J。 9．考查名词。句意：如果没有限制，犬类育种可能会引发伦理问题。空处作Without的宾语，结合“dog breeding can give rise to ethical issues”可推知，K项limitations“限制”符合题意，表示“如果没有限制”。故选K。 10．考查动词。句意：在一群耳朵不对称、牙齿残缺的狗中，今年哪只会赢得我们的喜爱，成为可爱的小冠军呢？句子主干成分完整，结合“us over”可推知，A项winning“赢得”符合题意，现在分词作后置定语，表示“赢得我们的喜爱”。故选A。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address  B．awareness  C． role  D．bored  E. creative F. transported  G. developed  H. based  I. confirms  J. accounts  K. ingredients How big is the ecological footprint of your food? There is no doubt that eating les meat is good for our planet. However, if you’re not ready to give up meat entirely, how to make a more sustainable choice? Or have you ever thought about where the fish in your soup comes from? Or have you ever wondered how to reduce environmental impact of your meals? “We are what we eat!”, which 1 the important concept that food and humans are inseparable. Food is culture, a sense of identity and a personal preference. But globally, our food system 2 for roughly a quarter of man-made greenhouse gas emissions. That’s why we should rethink our food consumption and include “the good food for the planet Earth” into our next recipe. An expert from WWF Sweden (瑞典世界自然基金会) discussed the 3 of WWF at one meeting about future food. WWF Sweden aims to transform production and consumption of food to increase sustainability (可持续性). There are three interesting tools 4 by WWF Sweden that can help you to make the right choice on food consumption. “Our Planet Plate” is a campaign with which WWF of Sweden hopes to raise people’s 5 about the food consumption. Aiming to 6 the challenge of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5℃, WWF provides information on how much greenhouse gas a meal should release to achieve the goal. “WWF Food Calculator” is a tool that gives you an idea of how much greenhouse gas emissions your breakfast, lunch or dinner leads to. This tool can inform how much carbon dioxide is released from the 7 you use to cook. If you want to reach the goal of 1.5℃ emission reduction, you’re looking at having about 11kg of CO2 equivalent food per week. You do not have to be vegetarian to reach this goal, but you have to be 8 with your recipes. For instance, you could choose free-range (散养) meat or choose local fish over mass-produced meat or fish 9 in planes and ships all over the world. Initiated by SLU, a “Meat-Guide” has been introduced and expanded by WWF of Sweden since 2015. The Meat-Guide is 10 on five standards of climate, biodiversity, chemical pesticides, animal welfare and antibiotics. You can download the Meat-Guide app onto your phone and use it the next time you do your groceries. 【答案】 1．I 2．J 3．C 4．G 5．B 6．A 7．K 8．E 9．F 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕“食物的生态足迹”展开，主要讲述了如何通过可持续的食物消费保护地球。 1．考查动词。句意：“人如其食！”这句话印证了食物与人类密不可分这一重要理念。根据句意“证实”可知，此处为动词confirm，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为which，指代上文内容，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选I。 2．考查动词。句意：但在全球范围内，我们的食物系统约占人为温室气体排放量的四分之一。根据句意“占（比例）”可知，此处为动词短语account for，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选J。 3．考查名词。句意：在一场关于未来食物的会议上，瑞典世界自然基金会（WWF）的一位专家阐述了该组织在这一领域的作用。根据句意“作用，角色”可知，此处为名词role，作宾语。故选C。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：该机构开发了三项有趣的工具，能帮助你在食物消费上做出正确选择。根据句意“开发”可知，此处为动词develop，作后置定语，需用非谓语动词形式，tools和develop为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：“我们的地球餐盘” 是一项宣传活动，瑞典世界自然基金会希望通过它提高人们对食物消费的环保意识。根据句意“意识”可知，此处为名词awareness，作宾语，为不可数名词。故选B。 6．考查动词。句意：为了应对《巴黎协定》中限制全球变暖至1.5℃的挑战，该组织提供了相关信息，说明一餐应释放多少温室气体才能实现这一目标。根据句意“应对”可知，此处为动词address，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选A。 7．考查名词。句意：它还能告知你烹饪所用食材会释放多少二氧化碳。根据句意“食材”可知，此处为名词ingredient，作宾语，此处使用复数形式。故选K。 8．考查形容词。句意：你不必成为素食者就能实现这一目标，但需要在食谱上多花些创意。根据句意“有创意的”可知，此处为形容词creative，作表语。故选E。 9．考查动词。句意：例如，你可以选择散养肉类，或优先选择本地鱼类，而非那些通过飞机、轮船运往全球各地的批量生产的肉类和鱼类。根据句意“运输”可知，此处为动词transport，作后置定语，需用非谓语动词形式，transport与planes and ships为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故选F。 10．考查动词。句意：“肉类指南”基于气候、生物多样性、化学农药、动物福利和抗生素使用五项标准制定。根据句意“基于”可知，此处为固定短语be based on。故选H。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．confusion   B．inside   C． stayed   D．curious   E. common F. decreases   G. shock   H. freely   I. right   J. peace   K. safe You’ve seen them out there — well-fed cats, sometimes with collars on, walking slowly on the streets like they own them or lying in a lazy, relaxed position on a sidewalk in the warm sun. Cat lovers find them charming. Wildlife protectors and bird lovers see furry killers and blame them for the 1 in bird populations. How you feel about outdoor cats may also depend on where you are in the world. In the United States, about 81 percent of pet cats are kept 2 , according to a 2021 study. But elsewhere, it can be far more 3 to let them walk around. In Denmark, only 17 percent of cats are strictly indoor pets, according to the same study. In Türkiye, so many wild cats walk 4 in and out of cafes, restaurants and markets that a documentary was made about these outdoor animals. And in Britain, where the 2021 study found that 74 percent of cat owners let their pets roam outside, many cat charities advise pet owners on the best ways to keep cats 5 outdoors. The idea might come as a(n) 6 to many American cat owners, who often refuse to allow a person to adopt a cat once it is discovered that they are going to be keeping it outside. During much of the 20th century, most cats 7 outside, said David Grimm, author of Citizen Canine: Our Evolving Relationship With Cats and Dogs. The invention of kitty litter (猫砂) in 1947 made indoor cats more acceptable . But it was not until around the early 1990s that more Americans began bringing their cats indoors. At that time, they also worried that an outdoor cat was more likely to suffer from diseases. However, many owners have also felt conflicted about keeping a(n) 8 , restless creature inside. Some have trained their own cats to walk on leashes when they’re outside. Keeping them inside “didn’t feel 9 ,” said Mr. Grimm, “just like I wouldn’t keep my kids inside all day. We can only take so much animal out of them.” Trisha Brennan, who lives in Boston in the U. S., tried to keep her cat indoors at first. But he nipped shoes, pulled Ms. Brennan’s hair, and pounced (猛扑)so much that her teenage daughter locked herself in her room. “It’s an uneasy 10 that you make, having an outdoor cat,” Ms. Brennan said. 【答案】 1．F 2．B 3．E 4．H 5．K 6．G 7．C 8．D 9．I 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要探讨了不同地区人们对宠物猫在户外或室内饲养的不同做法，以及背后的原因和引发的不同观点，包括鸟类爱好者与猫爱好者对户外猫的不同态度等。 1．考查名词。句意：野生动物保护者和鸟类爱好者将其视为毛茸茸的杀手，并指责它们导致鸟类数量的减少。根据前文“blame them for”可知，此处需填名词，结合“furry killers”可知，“decreases”（减少）符合语义，指鸟类数量的下降。故选F。 2．考查副词。句意：根据2021年的一项研究，在美国，约81%的宠物猫被养在室内。此句描述美国宠物猫的饲养环境，“kept”为动词，需用副词修饰，“inside”表示“在室内”，符合句子表达在美国多数宠物猫被养在室内的意思。故选B。 3．考查形容词。句意：但在其他地方，让它们在户外走动可能更为常见。“be”动词后接形容词，构成系表结构，根据上下文对比美国与其他地方养猫情况，“common”（常见的）能体现出其他地方让猫在户外走动这种情况更为普遍。故选E。 4．考查副词。句意：在土耳其，有如此多的野猫自由进出咖啡馆、餐馆和市场，以至于为此制作了一部关于这些户外动物的纪录片。“walk”为动词，需用副词修饰，“freely”（自由地）生动地描述了土耳其野猫在这些场所进出不受限制的状态。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：在英国，2021年的研究发现74%的猫主人让他们的宠物在户外闲逛，许多猫咪慈善机构会给宠物主人提供让猫在户外保持安全的最佳方法。“keep +宾语+形容词”表示“使……保持某种状态”，这里表示让猫在户外保持“safe”（安全的）状态，符合慈善机构给猫主人建议的目的。故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：这个想法可能会让很多美国猫主人感到震惊，一旦发现有人要把猫养在户外，他们往往会拒绝让这个人领养猫。“come as a +名词”为常用结构，根据后文美国猫主人拒绝让户外养猫的人领养猫，可知这个想法让他们很震惊，“shock”（震惊）符合语境。故选G。 7．考查动词。句意：《公民犬：我们与猫和狗不断演变的关系》一书的作者大卫·格林说，在20世纪的大部分时间里，大多数猫都待在户外。此句缺少谓语动词，描述过去的情况，“stayed”（stay的过去式，待在）符合语境，表明20世纪多数猫的活动地点在户外。故选C。 8．考查形容词。句意：然而，许多主人对于把好奇、不安分的动物关在室内也感到很矛盾。分析：“creature”为名词，需用形容词修饰，根据“restless”（不安分的）及猫的天性，“curious”（好奇的）与之并列，共同描述猫的特点，说明主人对将这样的猫关在室内的纠结。故选D。 9．考查形容词。句意：格林先生说：“把它们关在室内感觉不合适，就像我不会让我的孩子整天待在室内一样。我们只能尽量减少它们的动物天性。”“feel”为系动词，后接形容词作表语，格林先生通过类比不让孩子整天待在室内，表明把猫关在室内他觉得“right”（合适的）反面，即不合适。故选I。 10．考查名词。句意：布伦南女士说：“养户外猫是一种不安稳的平衡。”“an uneasy +名词”，“peace”（平静；平衡）在这里表示养户外猫存在一种不太稳定的状态，体现出布伦南女士对养户外猫的看法。故选J。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $