专题10 选词填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题10 选词填空 （一） （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. encouraged   B. endangered   C. globe   D. individual   E. initiatives F. inspiring   G. originally   H. sustainable   I. symbolizing   J. tirelessly   K. updates The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an organization that needs little introduction. Its iconic panda logo is known worldwide, 1 its commitment to preserving the earth’s natural environment. Currently, WWF is involved in numerous projects across the 2 each designed with a unique goal in mind — to protect the world’s most vulnerable species and ecosystems. WWF works 3 to improve the quality of life for both humans and animals, recognizing that our fates are closely connected. It partners with local communities, businesses, and governments to develop and implement strategies for 4 living and biodiversity conservation. Through these partnerships, WWF helps create a future where humans live in harmony with nature. Education plays a key role in WWF’s work. By 5 young minds about the importance of conservation, they cultivate a generation ready to take positive action for our planet. Schools and educators are 6 to make use of WWF’s educational resources, providing a wealth of knowledge and tips for a greener lifestyle. One notable aspect of WWF’s operation is its transparency (透明). They schedule regular 7 on their projects, maintaining open communication with their supporters and the public. Annual conferences bring together experts from various fields to discuss progress, share ideas, and plan for future 8 . At the heart of WWF’s work is the belief that every 9 can help with the welfare of our planet. The organization is committed to delivering results — from saving 10 species, protecting rainforests, to reducing carbon emissions. WWF shows us that each action, no matter how small, can make a significant difference in the world. 【答案】1. I 2. C 3. J 4. H 5. F 6. A 7. K 8. E 9. D 10. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界自然基金会的工作及意义。 (1)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：其标志性的熊猫标志闻名世界，象征着其对保护地球自然环境的承诺。根据空后的“its commitment to preserving the earth’s natural environment”可知，空处应用symbolizing“象征”，表示熊猫标志象征着对保护地球自然环境的承诺，现在分词作伴随状语。故选I。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：目前，世界自然基金会参与了许多全球性的项目，每个项目都有一个独特的目标——保护世界上最脆弱的物种和生态系统。根据空前的“WWF is involved in numerous projects across the”可知，空处应用globe“地球”，across the globe为固定搭配，意为“在全球范围内”。故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查副词。句意：世界自然基金会不知疲倦地致力于提高人类和动物的生活质量，认识到我们的命运紧密相连。根据空后的“to improve the quality of life for both humans and animals”可知，空处应用tirelessly“不知疲倦地”，作状语，修饰works。表示世界自然基金会不知疲倦地致力于提高人类和动物的生活质量。故选J。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：它与当地社区、企业和政府合作，制定和实施可持续生活和生物多样性保护的战略。根据空后的“living and biodiversity conservation”可知，空处应用sustainable“可持续的”，作定语，修饰living，表示可持续生活和生物多样性保护的战略。故选H。 (5)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过激发年轻一代对保护重要性的认识，他们培养了一代准备为我们的星球采取积极行动的人。根据空后的“young minds about the importance of conservation”可知，空处应用动名词inspiring“激发”，作介词By的宾语，表示激发年轻一代对保护重要性的认识。故选F。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：学校和教育工作者被鼓励利用世界自然基金会的教育资源，为更绿色的生活方式提供丰富的知识和建议。根据空后的“to make use of WWF’s educational resources”可知，空处应用过去分词encouraged“鼓励”，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态，表示学校和教育工作者被鼓励利用世界自然基金会的教育资源，be encouraged to do“被鼓励做某事”。故选A。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：他们定期安排项目更新，与支持者和公众保持开放沟通。根据空前的“schedule regular”和后文“on their projects”可知，空处应用updates“更新”，表示定期安排项目更新。描述经常性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语They schedule为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数。故选K。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意：年度会议汇集了来自各个领域的专家，讨论进展，分享想法，并规划未来的倡议。根据空前的“plan for future”可知，空处应用名词initiatives“倡议”，作for的宾语，表示规划未来的倡议。故选E。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：世界自然基金会工作的核心是相信每个人都可以为地球的福祉做出贡献。根据空后的“can help with the welfare of our planet”可知，空处应用名词individual“个人”，作that引导的同位语从句的主语，表示每个人都可以为地球的福祉做出贡献。故选D。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：该组织致力于取得成果 —— 从拯救濒危物种、保护热带雨林到减少碳排放。根据空后的“species”可知，空处需填形容词endangered“濒危的”，作定语，修饰species，endangered species为固定搭配，意为“濒危物种”，故选B。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assignment        B. timetable       C. expectation       D. behaviors       E. distant       F. harsh G. confident     H. usual       I. regretful        J. achieve            K. reflect School Life in the UK Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school 1 in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than 2 , as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students went to attend an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Dianne. We soon became best friends. During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. We should mind our 3 based on the rules. He also told us that the best way to live up to our parents’ 4 was to work hard and 5 high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. He told us that the more 6 we are, the more easily we can succeed. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke -I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. She asked us to 7 before we decide. In our class, there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found that the 8 was not as beavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first. I felt lucky, as almost all of my teachers gave me much encouragement, although a few make 9 comments on my essays. I would never be 10 for studying in this school. 【答案】1. B 2. H 3. D 4. C 5. J 6. G 7. K 8. A 9. F 10. I 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要在文中记叙了自己在英国高中一年的学校生活。 (1)题解析： 考查名词。句意：我对英国的学校时间表非常满意，因为学校大约早上9点开始，下午3点半结束。根据后文“school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.”可知，此处是在讲述学校时间安排，所以空处应是timetable，和school构成固定搭配：school timetable意为“学校时间表”符合语境。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：这意味着我可以比平时晚起一个小时，因为中国的学校早上8点前就开始上课了。根据后文“as schools in China begin before 8 a.m”可知，作者在中国是8点开始上课，所以他可以比平时晚起一个小时，usual意为“惯常的事物”符合语境。故选H项。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：我们应该在规则的基础上注意自己的行为。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作mind的宾语，根据句意，应是behaviors意为“行为”符合语境。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 考查名词。句意：他还告诉我们，不辜负父母期望的最好方法就是努力学习，取得好成绩。分析句子结构可知，空前是名词所有格，所以空处应填名词，根据前文的“our parents’ ”可知，应是expectation意为“期望”表达父母的期望之意符合语境。故选C项。 (5)题解析： 考查动词。句意：他还告诉我们，不辜负父母期望的最好方法就是努力学习，取得好成绩。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的work并列，所以空处应填动词，根据前文“work hard”，此处应是取得好成绩，所以achieve意为“取得”符合语境。故选J项。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：他告诉我们，我们越有信心，我们就越容易成功。分析句子结构可知，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，应是confident意为“自信的”符合语境。故选G项。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：她要求我们在决定之前仔细考虑一下。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是reflect意为“认真思考”符合语境。故选K项。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：我发现作业不像以前在老学校那么多了。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据句意，应是assignment意为“作业”符合语境。故选A项。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：我感到很幸运，因为几乎所有的老师都给了我很多鼓励，尽管有几个老师对我的文章做出了严厉的评论。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是harsh意为“严厉的”符合语境。故选F项。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：我永远不会后悔在这所学校学习。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，应是regretful意为“后悔的”符合语境。故选I项。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海领科双语学校·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. published       B. changed       C. answer       D. stayed        E. independent       F. spelling G. expression   H. actually       I. written     J. borrowing   K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick 1 to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an 2 country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America 3 the same, while the language in England 4 . For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the 5 “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started 6 words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster 7 the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the 8 of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, 9 English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become 10 popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. D 4. B 5. G 6. J 7. A 8. F 9. I 10. K 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍英美英语差异的产生原因及主要表现。 (1)题解析： 考查名词。句意：对于这个问题没有快速的答案。空处前有形容词quick修饰，需填名词，结合语境，前文提出“ How did these differences come about? ”的问题，此处指“没有快速的答案”，名词answer“答案”符合题意。故选C。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：1776年，美国成为一个独立的国家。空处作定语修饰名词country，需填形容词，结合历史常识，1776年美国独立，形容词independent“独立的”符合题意。故选E。 (3)题解析： 考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合后文while表对比，以及“Americans still talk about ‘fall’”可知，美国的语言“保持”不变，动词stayed“保持”符合题意。故选D。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合前文“the language slowly began to change”及while表对比可知，此处指英国的语言“发生了变化”，动词changed“变化”符合题意。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：同样地，美国人仍然使用“我猜”（意思是“我认为”）这种表达，就像300年前英国人做的那样。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，“I guess”是一种语言表达，名词expression“表达”符合题意。故选G。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：与此同时，英式英语和美式英语开始从其他语言中借用词汇，最终产生了不同的词汇。start doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，结合后文“the British took ‘typhoon’ from Chinese”可知，此处指“借用”词汇，动词borrowing“借用”符合题意。故选J。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：1828年，诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了第一本美式词典。文章此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合“the first American dictionary”可知，此处指“出版”词典，动词published“出版”符合题意。故选A。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意：他想让美式英语与英式英语有所不同，所以他改变了许多单词的拼写。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，结合后文colour与color、centre与center的对比可知，此处指改变单词的“拼写”，名词spelling“拼写”符合题意。故选F。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：除了这些拼写差异外，书面英语在英式英语和美式英语中大致相同。空处作定语修饰名词English，结合语境，前文讨论拼写差异，此处指“书面英语”，形容词written“书面的”符合题意。故选I。 (10)题解析： 考查副词。句意：现在英语变得越来越受欢迎。空处修饰形容词popular，需填副词，结合后文“English people have begun to learn...”及其他国家学习美式英语的情况，可知英语“越来越”受欢迎，副词increasingly“越来越多地”符合题意。故选K。 （四） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. There is one word more than you will need. A. violent   B. strength   C. humanity   D. grew   E. constantly   F. disagreement   G. intelligent   H. Strangely I. independent   J. remembered   K. popularity Olympic Sports have changed a lot in the last few thousand years. The ancient games began with just one 192-meter race. In the later years, the game 1 to include a total of six sports. Most of the ancient Olympic sports tested skills soldiers needed. These include races where runners wore fighting equipment and the pankration (搏击) — a 2 sport with few rules. Even the modern Olympics were once far smaller than they are today. The first of the modern games, in 1896, only had 241 athletes from 14 countries. Moreover, the early modern Olympics were not a(n) 3 event. Until 1908, the Olympics were part of the world’s fair! At the first modern Olympics, there were 43 events from ten sports. Many of the sports from the early modern games are no longer part of the Olympics. There has always been a lot of 4 over changing Olympic sports. Critics say that the modern games have become more of a(n) 5 contest than an athletic competition. The number of Olympic sports has 6 increased throughout history. At the Beijing Olympic Games, athletes competed in 302 events from 28 sports. Even with all the changes, the games still celebrate the best 7 it has to offer. Some ancient champions became so famous that the things they did are still 8 today. Milo was one of the most famous athletes in the ancient world. He won six Olympic wrestling championships and was famous for his great 9 . One story tells of Milo holding up a collapsing roof while the people inside ran to safety. The boxer Melankomas was known for his good looks. 10 , Melankomas never hit, or was hit by another fighter. He always avoided his opponents until they were too tired and frustrated to fight anymore. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. I 4. F 5. K 6. E 7. C 8. J 9. B 10. H 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了奥林匹克运动会的历史变化以及一些著名的奥林匹克运动员的故事。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：在后来的几年里，奥运会逐渐发展到包括六个运动项目。根据“The ancient games began with just one 192-meter race.”可知，古代运动会一开始只有一项比赛，后来逐渐发展，所以用动词grew“发展；扩大”，描述过去的事情，是一般过去时，故填D。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：其中包括跑步者穿着战斗装备的比赛和几乎没有规则的暴力搏击运动。修饰名词sport用形容词，根据“with few rules”可知，搏击是暴力的，violent是形容词，意为“暴力的”，故填A。 (3)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：此外，早期的现代奥运会并不是一个独立的活动。修饰名词event用形容词，根据“Until 1908, the Olympics were part of the world’s fair!”可知，早期的现代奥运会并不是一个独立的活动，independent是形容词，意为“独立的”，故填I。 (4)题解析： 考查名词。句意：对于改变奥运项目一直存在很多分歧。a lot of修饰名词，根据“over changing Olympic sports”可知，此处是指在改变奥运项目方面存在分歧，disagreement是名词，意为“分歧”，故填F。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：批评人士说，现代奥运会与其说是一场体育比赛，不如说是一场人气比赛。a(n)后接名词，根据“Critics say”和“than an athletic competition”可知，批评人士认为现代奥运会是人气比赛，popularity是名词，意为“人气”，故填K。 (6)题解析： 考查副词。句意：纵观历史，奥运会的体育项目数量一直在不断增加。修饰动词increased用副词，根据“At the Beijing Olympic Games, athletes competed in 302 events from 28 sports.”可知，奥运会的体育项目数量一直在不断增加，constantly是副词，意为“不断地”，故填E。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：即使发生了所有的变化，奥运会仍然在庆祝人类所能提供的最好的东西。the best修饰名词，根据“Some ancient champions became so famous”可知，奥运会仍然在庆祝人类所能提供的最好的东西，humanity是名词，意为“人类”，故填C。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：一些古代冠军非常有名，他们所做的事情至今仍被人们铭记。are后接动词的过去分词构成被动语态，根据“Some ancient champions became so famous”可知，一些古代冠军所做的事情至今仍被人们铭记，remembered是动词过去分词，意为“记得”，故填J。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：他赢得了六次奥运会摔跤冠军，并以其强大的实力而闻名。great修饰名词，根据“He won six Olympic wrestling championships”可知，他以强大的实力而闻名，strength是名词，意为“力量”，故填B。 (10)题解析： 考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，梅兰科马斯从未击打过其他拳击手，也从未被其他拳击手击打过。修饰整个句子用副词，根据“Melankomas was known for his good looks.”可知，奇怪的是，梅兰科马斯从未击打过其他拳击手，也从未被其他拳击手击打过，strangely是副词，意为“奇怪的是”，故填H。 （五） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. There is one word more than you will need. A. attributes   B. prospect   C. symptoms   D. inherit   E. guilty   F. agreement   G. conflict   H. motivate I. flexible   J. devotion   K. varied 1. He his success to hard work. 2. The two parties didn’t reach an on any issues. 3. The doctor made his diagnosis after studying the patients’ . 4. Our plans need to be enough to cater to the needs of everyone. 5. As a soldier, he showed selfless to duty. 6. I see little of an improvement in his condition. 7. He had no sense of shame and never felt . 8. A good teacher is one that can his students. 9. These results with earlier findings. 10. The two children both left-handedness from their parents. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. C 4. I 5. J 6. B 7. E 8. H 9. G 10. D 【解析】(1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：他将自己的成功归功于努力工作。根据句意可知，此处意为“归功于”，故应用动词attributes作谓语动词，主语为He，为三人称单数，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填attributes，故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：双方未能在任何议题上达成一致。根据句意可知，此处意为“一致”，故应用名词agreement在句中作宾语，故填agreement，故选F。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：医生研究了病人的症状后做出了诊断。根据句意可知，此处意为“症状”，故应用名词symptoms在句中作宾语，故填symptoms，故选C。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：我们的计划需要足够灵活，以满足每个人的需求。根据句意可知，此处意为“灵活的”，故应用形容词flexible在句中作表语，故填flexible，故选I。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：作为一名士兵，他表现出对职责无私的忠诚。根据句意可知，此处意为“忠诚”，故应用名词devotion在句中作宾语，故填devotion，故选J。 (6)题解析： 考查名词。句意：我看不到他的状况有改善的希望。根据句意可知，此处意为“希望”，故应用名词prospect在句中作宾语，故填prospect，故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：他毫无羞耻之心，从不感到愧疚。根据句意可知，此处意为“羞愧的”，故应用形容词guilty在句中作表语，故填guilty，故选E。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：好老师是能够激励学生的老师。根据句意可知，此处意为“激励”，故应用动词motivate在句中作谓语动词，且空前有情态动词can，故此处应用动词原形，故填motivate，故选H。 (9)题解析： 考查动词。句意：这些结果与早期发现相矛盾。根据句意可知，此处意为“相矛盾”，故应用动词conflict在句中作谓语动词，主语为These results，为复数，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填conflict，故选G。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：这两个孩子的左撇子习惯都遗传自父母。根据句意可知，此处意为“遗传”，故应用动词inherit在句中作谓语动词，主语为The two children，为复数，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填inherit，故选D。 【点睛】 （六） （25-26高一上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. issue     B. engaging     C. panicking     D. reminded     E. addressing     AB. mirror     AC. cure AD. rooted     AE. stress     BC. informed     BD. schedule Why You Still Have Stress Dreams about School It’s the morning of your big exam. But you’re 1 because you haven’t been to a single class all semester. Thankfully, it’s just a dream. But why those dreams, even after your graduation? Dr. Alex Dimitriu, a sleep medicine doctor, says that such dreams may 2 stress in your day-to-day life. But dreaming specifically about feeling unprepared at school might be 3 in similar memories during formative school years in people’s lives. Another explanation is that people may be 4 of school based on the time of year. For instance, the end of August and beginning of September may bring back vivid memories or dreams of school, since that’s when the academic year starts. These types of dreams are so common that having them occasionally isn’t typically something to be concerned about. But if you’ re having them a lot, that could be a sign of another 5 , such as having too much stress in your life. Dimitriu recommends that people try 6 that stress either by making a change in their life to eliminate it or finding ways to cope with it. Some people may also have such dreams because of poor sleep habits, Dimitriu says. He advocates that people go to bed and wake up at roughly the same time each day, 7 some time to relax before bed and avoid eating large meals before going to sleep. “The human brain can’t go from 100 miles per hour to zero in 20 minutes,” he says. “I tell all my patients to turn tech off at 10—no screens, no emails for work, none of that. If you’ re even Amazon shopping right before bed, it’s too 8 , and that gets your brain active a little bit when your brain really needs to slow down.” He suggests that people try journaling to help process anything bothering them, which may also make them feel more prepared and can be a (n) 9 for stress dreams—like the one where you forget to show up for your final. Stress dreams are “a reminder to concentrate on relaxing, and a reminder to focus on sleep,” Dimitriu says. “I cannot 10 enough how important sleep is.” 【答案】1. C 2. AB 3. AD 4. D 5. A 6. E 7. BD 8. B 9. AC 10. AE 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人们毕业后仍会做关于学校的压力梦的原因，包括反映日常生活压力、受特定时间唤起记忆、睡眠习惯不良等，还介绍了应对这些压力梦的方法。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：但你很惊慌，因为你整个学期都没上过一节课。根据后文“because you haven’t been to a single class all semester.”可知，你很惊慌。“panic”意为“惊慌”，这里使用现在进行时“are +现在分词”，表示此时此刻正在惊慌。故填C。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：睡眠医学医生Alex Dimitriu博士说，这样的梦可能反映了你日常生活中的压力。根据前文“such dreams”以及后文“stress in your day-to-day life.”可知，这样的梦可能反映了你日常生活中的压力。“mirror”有“反映”的意思，情态动词“may”后接动词原形。故填AB。 (3)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：但特别梦到在学校毫无准备，可能源于人们在成长阶段学校生活中的类似记忆。“be rooted in”是固定短语，意为“源于；扎根于”，在句中作谓语，表示梦的根源，符合语境。故填AD。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：另一种解释是，人们可能会根据一年中的时间想起学校。“remind”有“使想起”的意思，“be reminded of”是被动结构，意为“被唤起……的记忆”。分析句子，“people”和“remind”之间是被动关系，这里表示人们被唤起对学校的记忆，所以用过去分词形式。故填D。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：但如果你经常做这些梦，那可能是另一个问题的征兆，比如你生活中有太多压力。根据后文“such as having too much stress in your life.”可知，“issue”意为“问题”符合语境，不定冠词“another”后接名词，故填A。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：Dimitriu建议人们尝试通过改变生活方式消除压力，或者找到应对压力的方法来解决压力。根据后文“by making a change in their life to eliminate it or finding ways to cope with it.”可知，找到应对压力的方法来解决压力。“address”有“处理；解决”的意思，符合语境。故填E。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：他主张人们每天大致在相同的时间睡觉和起床，安排一些时间在睡前放松，睡前避免吃大餐。“schedule”有“安排”的意思，这里与“go”“avoid”并列，都为“advocates”后宾语从句中省略“should”的谓语动词，用动词原形。符合语境。故填BD。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：如果你甚至在睡前还在亚马逊购物，那就太令人兴奋了，这会让你的大脑在真正需要慢下来的时候稍微活跃一点。根据前文“If you’ re even Amazon shopping right before bed”可知，如果你甚至在睡前还在亚马逊购物，那就太令人兴奋了。“engaging”意为“有趣的；令人兴奋的”，这里作表语，形容睡前在亚马逊购物这种行为会使大脑兴奋。故填B。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：他建议人们尝试写日记来帮助处理困扰他们的事情，这也可能让他们感觉更有准备，并且可能是治疗压力梦的一种方法——比如梦到忘记参加期末考试的那种。根据前文“He suggests that people try journaling to help process anything bothering them, which may also make them feel more prepared”可知，可能是治疗压力梦的一种方法。“cure”有“治疗方法”的意思，不定冠词“a (n)”后接名词，“a cure for...”表示“……的治疗方法”，这里指写日记可能是治疗压力梦的办法，符合语境。故填AC。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：“我再怎么强调睡眠有多重要都不为过。”“stress”有“强调”的意思，“cannot stress enough”是常用表达，意为“再怎么强调都不为过”。符合语境。故填AE。 （七） （25-26高一上·上海第四中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. nervous   B. ability   C. gesture   D. rooted   E. overcome   F. trapped G. blank   H. imaginative   I. successful   J. cross   K. hit You’re making a PowerPoint presentation to a group of professors, for which you have stayed overnight. Even though your knees knock together, you try really hard to pretend to be confident on the site. All of a sudden, however, your mind goes 1 , for one of the professors shoots a glance at you, and he whispers something to another professor beside him. All kinds of questions 2 your mind at the same time. Did I say something wrong? Am I making a bad impression? Such uncomfortable feelings totally 3 you. If you once found yourself 4 in this nightmare situation, you fit the typical model of a shy person. Shy people, as many experts define in their studies, usually fall victim to what is simply a careless glance or a meaningless 5 What’s more, because of their low self-judgement 6 deeply in their mind, they often cannot take friendly comments like “If you are not so 7 , you’ll make a better performance.” But being shy doesn’t necessarily mean being lacking in 8 or competence. Rather, many shy people are capable professionals. And what distinguishes between a(n) 9 communicator and a shy sharer is just that the latter needs to build up his self-confidence. Despite the terrible situations shy people are usually involved in, there’s definitely hope for them. According to experts, 40 percent of the shy population can finally 10 shyness if given enough encouragement and support. 【答案】1. G 2. J 3. K 4. F 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. I 10. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述一个演讲时因他人反应而大脑空白的生动场景，引出对害羞心理的探讨，分析了其表现、内在根源，并指出害羞者可以通过鼓励和支持得以改变。 (1)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：突然间，你的大脑一片空白，因为一位教授瞥了你一眼，并对旁边的另一位教授低声说了些什么。根据“your mind goes __1__”可推知，此处描述因紧张焦虑而导致的思维突然中断。G项“blank”意为“空白的”，固定短语“go blank”指“(大脑)变成一片空白”，符合语境。故选项G。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：各种问题同时闪过你的脑海。根据“All kinds of questions __2__ your mind at the same time.”可推知，此处描述诸多疑问瞬间在脑海中涌现。J项“cross”作动词，意为“穿过，掠过”， “cross one’s mind”是常用搭配，意为“(念头)闪过脑海”，生动形象。故选项J。 (3)题解析： 考查动词。句意：这种不舒服的感觉完全击垮了你。根据“Such uncomfortable feelings totally”可推知，此处形容负面情绪带来的强烈冲击。K项“hit”意为“打击，使遭受打击”，可以形象地表示这种情绪对“你”造成了重击。故选项K。 (4)题解析： 考查动词过去分词。句意：如果你曾发现自己陷入这种噩梦般的境地，那么你就符合一个典型的害羞者模式。根据“in this nightmare situation”可推知，此处意为“发现自己被困在情境中”。F项“trapped”是动词“trap”的过去分词，意为“被困住”，符合语境。故选项F。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：正如许多专家在其研究中定义的那样，害羞的人通常受害于仅仅是一个不经意的瞥视或一个无意义的手势。根据“a careless glance or a meaningless”可知，此处需要一个与“glance(一瞥)”并列、表示另一种微小行为的名词。C项“gesture”意为“手势，姿态”，符合语境。故选项C。 (6)题解析： 考查动词过去分词。句意：此外，由于根植于内心的低自我评价，他们往往无法接纳诸如“如果你不那么紧张，会表现得更好”这类善意的建议。根据“their low self-judgement __6__ deeply in their mind”可推知，这种低自我评价是根植于内心。D项“rooted”是动词“root”的过去分词，意为“扎根”，常用“be rooted in”结构表示“根植于”。此处“rooted deeply in their mind”作为后置定语修饰“self-judgement”。故选项D。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：此外，由于根植于内心的低自我评价，他们往往无法接纳诸如“如果你不那么紧张，会表现得更好”这类善意的建议。根据“If you are not so __7__, you’ll make a better performance.”可推知，这是对阻碍害羞者表现的状态的描述。A项“nervous”意为“紧张的”，是害羞者在公开场合的典型情绪。故选项A。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意：但害羞并不一定意味着缺乏能力或竞争力。根据“being lacking in __8__ or competence”可知，此处需要与“competence(能力，胜任力)”意思相近或并列的名词。B项“ability”意为“能力”，两者并列，表示害羞并非能力不足。故选项B。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：而一个成功的沟通者与一个害羞的分享者之间的区别仅仅在于后者需要建立自信。根据“a(n) __9__ communicator and a shy sharer”可知，此处需要与“shy”形成对比、描述沟通者特质的形容词。I项“successful”意为“成功的”，符合语境，表示在沟通方面游刃有余的人。故选项I。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：根据专家的说法，如果得到足够的鼓励和支持，40%的害羞人群最终能够克服害羞。根据“40 percent of the shy population can”和“if given enough encouragement and support”可推知，只要足够的鼓励和支持，很多人就能克服害羞。E项“overcome”意为“克服”，作谓语，在情态动词后用原形。故选项E。 （八） （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words or phrases. Each word or phrase can be used only once. Note that there is one more word or phrase than needed. make a difference   end up   compare ... with   name after be alive with   pay little regard to   for the purpose of 1. The tropical forest at night strange calls and the rustling of unseen creatures. 2. The street a national hero to honor his great contributions. 3. After graduating in 2010, he unexpectedly working in a completely different field a year later. 4. Switching to reusable bags is a small way for everyone for our planet. 5. A special fund was established protecting endangered species. 6. The city planners the need for green spaces since the rapid urbanization a decade ago. 【答案】1. is alive with 2. is named after 3. ended up 4. to make a difference 5. for the purpose of 6. have paid little regard to 【解析】(1)题解析： 考查动词短语和时态。句意：夜间的热带森林里充斥着奇怪的叫声和看不见的生物发出的沙沙声。根据空后“strange calls and the rustling of unseen creatures(奇怪的叫声和看不见的生物发出的沙沙声)”，可知此处需表达“充满；洋溢着”的含义。be alive with为固定短语，符合语境；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“The tropical forest”为单数，be动词用is。故填is alive with。 (2)题解析： 考查动词短语和被动语态。句意：这条街道以一位民族英雄的名字命名，以纪念他的巨大贡献。根据“a national hero to honor his great contributions(一位民族英雄，以纪念他的巨大贡献)”，可知此处指“以……命名”，name after为固定短语，主语The street与name after之间是被动关系，且陈述事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is named after。 (3)题解析： 考查动词短语和时态。句意：2010 年毕业后，一年后他出乎意料地在一个完全不同的领域工作。根据“unexpectedly(出乎意料地)”和“working in a completely different field(在一个完全不同的领域工作)”，可知此处需表达“最终成为；结果是”的含义。end up为固定短语，后接动名词作宾语；根据时间状语“After graduating in 2010”以及“a year later”，可知用一般过去时，故填ended up。 (4)题解析： 考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：改用可重复使用的袋子对每个人来说都是为我们的星球产生影响的一个小方法。根据“Switching to reusable bags is a small way(改用可重复使用的袋子是一个小方法)”和 “for our planet(为我们的星球)”，可知此处指“产生影响；发挥作用”，make a difference为固定短语；此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰way，表示 “…… 的方法”，故填to make a difference。 (5)题解析： 考查介词短语。句意：为了保护濒危物种，一项特别基金成立了。根据“established(成立)”和“protecting endangered species(保护濒危物种)”，可知此处需表达“为了……的目的”。for the purpose of为固定短语，后接动名词作宾语，符合语境，故填for the purpose of。 (6)题解析： 考查动词短语和时态。句意：自十年前快速城市化以来，城市规划者几乎没有重视绿地的需求。根据“since the rapid urbanization a decade ago(自十年前快速城市化以来)”，可知句子用现在完成时；结合语境，此处指“几乎不重视”。pay little regard to为固定短语，主语The city planners为复数，助动词用have，pay的过去分词为paid，故填have paid little regard to。 （九） （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. attempt   B. risk   C. potentially   D. torn   E. regard F. estimated   G. lengths   H. commonly   I. overlook   J. obtained   K. tackle Fake weight-loss products seized in raid (突击检查) on factory A factory in Northampton manufacturing fake weight-loss shots has been raided and 1 down by a government agency. Retatrutide, an experimental drug developed by the US drug-maker Eli Lilly, is unlicensed in Britain. Tirzepatide, more 2 known under its brand name Mounjaro, is available on the National Health Service (NHS) for weight-loss for patients who fulfil certain criteria. The site, on an industrial estate on the outskirts of Northampton, is believed to have been used for the large-scale manufacture, packaging and distribution of unlicensed — and 3 deadly — weight loss products. The street value of the finished products found in the factory is 4 to be more than £250,000. The MHRA said the two-day search operation was the latest in their work to 5 the illegal trade in weight loss medicines. Wes Streeting, the secretary of state for health and social care, said the raid was a“victory in the fight against the shameless criminals who are putting lives at 6 by selling dangerous and illegal weight loss shots to make a quick buck”. “These unregulated products, made with no 7 for safety or quality, posed a major risk to unknowing customers. My message is clear: don’t buy weight loss medications from unregulated sources. Talk to your doctor, seek professional advice and don’t line the pockets of criminals who 8 your health.” Andy Morling, head of the MHRA’s criminal enforcement unit, said: “This seizure shows the 9 these criminals will go to for profit. Prescription medicines should only be 10 from a registered pharmacy against a prescription issued by a healthcare professional.” 【答案】1. D 2. H 3. C 4. F 5. K 6. B 7. E 8. I 9. G 10. J 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是英国北安普顿一家非法制造假冒减肥针剂（包括未授权的Retatrutide和其他潜在致命减肥产品）的工厂遭到政府机构突击检查并被查封的事件。 (1)题解析： 考查被动语态。句意：近日，英国北安普顿一家生产假减肥针的工厂被政府机构突击搜查并拆除。由上文“manufacturing fake weight-loss shots has been raided”可知，此处表示“这家工厂被政府拆除”，空格处意为“拆除”，是tear down，工厂是被拆除，句子用被动语态，空前有has been，空格处用过去分词torn，故选D。 (2)题解析： 考查副词。句意：替泽帕肽，更广为人知的是其品牌名称Mounjaro，在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）中，符合某些标准的患者可以使用它来减肥。由下文“known under its brand name Mounjaro”可知，此处表示“替泽帕肽更广为人知的是其品牌名称Mounjaro”，空格处意为“普遍地”，是commonly，故选H。 (3)题解析： 考查副词。句意：该工厂位于北安普顿郊区的一个工业区，人们相信它曾被用于大规模生产、包装和分销未经许可的、可能致命的减肥产品。由下文“deadly”可知，此处表示“这种产品可能会致命”，空格处意为“可能”，是potentially，故选C。 (4)题解析： 考查被动语态。句意：在工厂里发现的成品的街头价值估计超过25万英镑。由下文“to be more than £250,000”可知，此处表示“估计超过25万英镑”，空格处意为“估计”，是estimate，价值是被估计，句子用被动语态，空前有is，空格处用过去分词，故选F。 (5)题解析： 考查不定式。句意：英国食品药品监督管理局表示，为期两天的搜查行动是他们打击非法减肥药贸易的最新行动。由下文“the illegal trade”可知，此处表示“打击非法减肥药贸易”，空格处意为“打击”，是tackle，此处用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处用原形，故选K。 (6)题解析： 考查名词。句意：英国卫生和社会保障部部长韦斯·斯特里廷说，这次突袭是“打击无耻罪犯的一次胜利，这些罪犯通过出售危险和非法的减肥药物来谋取暴利，置生命于不顾”。由下文“by selling dangerous and illegal weight loss shots to make a quick buck”可知，此处表示“这些罪犯让人的生命处于风险中”，空格处意为“处于风险中”，空格处是“风险”，是risk，put sth. at risk意为“把某物置于危险之中”。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：这些不受监管的产品在生产时完全不顾安全或质量，给不知情的顾客带来了重大风险。我的信息很明确：不要从不受监管的渠道购买减肥药。与你的医生沟通，寻求专业建议，不要让那些无视你健康的罪犯中饱私囊。由上文“These unregulated products”可知，此处表示“这些产品不顾安全或质量”，空格处意为“关心，关注”，是regard，with no regard for意为“不顾，不考虑”。故选E。 (8)题解析： 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：与你的医生沟通，寻求专业建议，不要让那些无视你健康的罪犯中饱私囊。由上文“criminals”可知，此处表示“无视你健康的罪犯”，空格处意为“无视”，是overlook，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，who指代的先行词criminals是复数，因此空格处用原形，故选I。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：MHRA刑事执法部门负责人Andy Morling表示：“这次缉获表明，这些犯罪分子为了利润会不择手段。”由下文“these criminals will go to for profit”可知，此处表示“这些犯罪分子为了利润会不择手段”，go to lengths是固定短语，意为“不惜代价，不择手段”，因此空格处是lengths。故选G。 (10)题解析： 考查被动语态。句意：处方药必须仅凭医疗专业人员开具的处方，从注册药房获取。由上文“Prescription medicines”和下文“from a registered pharmacy”可知，此处表示“处方药要从注册药房获取”，空格处意为“获取”，是obtain，药是被获取，句子用被动语态，空前有should only be，空格处用过去分词，故选J。 （一） （25-26高一上·上海建平中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. bless   B. global   C. headed   D. independent   E. matches   F. noticed G. obvious   H. remains   I. reputation   J. restored   K. value Marseille: the City of 100 neighborhoods “Come to Marseille (马赛). It’s not like other French cities. It’s cool and the weather is hot,” my French friend Pierre Picard said on the phone, referencing both its fashionable urban character and the 300 days of sunshine that 1 the city each year. At his invitation, I set forth on the journey to France’s second largest city. Despite giving its name to the French national anthem (国歌) —“La Marseille” — it’s a city with a 2 of being distinct from the rest of the country. Among its residents are waves of migrants who arrived over 2,500 years of recorded history, making it not just France’s oldest city but its most multicultural one as well. The story begins with the ancient Greeks, who recognized the 3 of the deep-water port. They settled in what is now Le Panier, Marseille’s oldest district overlooking the Vieux Port. Six centuries as a(n) 4 Greek city ended when the armies of Caesar (凯撒) came crashing in, claiming the city for Rome in 49 B. C. E. In the 9th century, the city was taken over by the Arabs. When France’s ambitions turned from region-oriented to 5 , Marseille enjoyed a golden age as the “Gate of Empire”. France’s navies and fortune-seekers set off from the Vieux Port to North African and American colonies as well as Asia. But this was no one-way road. Everything landed in Marseille: people and culture. The historical traces were 6 when I walked along the Cours Belsince, a broad Boulevard (林荫大道). Here, the smell of Arab and Turkish food floated through the air with the comforting richness of home cooking. Trackside vendors sold African wood carvings and colourful headscarves. Although sea transportation has declined, the Vieux Port 7 the city’s focus. Its waters are dotted with yachts moving like swans on a lake. All roads seem to lead there, and anyone attempting to explore the city on foot inevitably ends up on the waterfront. To my mind, its view 8 the great harbours of the world, such as Sydney. To escape the heat, I 9 to the Plagedes Catalans. In the late-afternoon sun, the beach was soaked in an amber color. I walked past a group playing volleyball. Several locals were sunbathing and gossiping. It was here that I belatedly (延迟地) 10 Marseille’s “Frenchness.” I recalled one of Pierre’s lunchtime jokes: “If you come to France and you don’t come to Marseille, you won’t see France.” He had a point: The city is just another expression of a country more diverse than it often likes to admit. 【答案】1. A 2. I 3. K 4. D 5. B 6. G 7. H 8. E 9. C 10. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者受邀游览法国马赛的经历，介绍其多元文化历史、港口特色及独特的“法国风情”，展现马赛的与众不同。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：电话中我的法国朋友皮埃尔·皮卡德提到了它时尚的城市特质，以及每年300天的阳光照耀着这座城市。空格处需填动词作定语从句谓语，主语“the 300 days of sunshine”为复数，用原形。bless意为“祝福，照耀”，“sunshine that bless the city”表示“照耀这座城市的阳光”，符合语境。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：尽管法国国歌以它命名——《马赛曲》——但这座城市有着与法国其他地区截然不同的名声。空格处需填名词，作with的宾语，“a reputation of being distinct”表示“与众不同的名声”，结合后文“多元文化”的特点，马赛确实与法国其他城市风格迥异，reputation符合语境。故选I。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：故事始于古希腊人，他们认识到这个深水港的价值。空格处需填名词，作recognized的宾语，古希腊人选择在此定居，正是因为深水港具有重要价值，value意为“价值”，符合逻辑。故选K。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：公元前49年，凯撒的军队攻入，将这座城市纳入罗马版图，结束了其作为独立希腊城市的六个世纪。空格处需填形容词修饰“Greek city”，结合“被罗马征服”的背景，此前马赛是独立的希腊城市，independent意为“独立的”，符合语境。故选D。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：当法国的野心从区域导向转向全球导向时，马赛作为“帝国之门”迎来了黄金时代。空格处需填形容词，与“region-oriented（区域导向的）”形成对比，“global”意为“全球的”，“global-oriented”表示“全球导向的”，符合法国向海外扩张、马赛成为重要港口的历史背景。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：当我漫步在贝尔辛斯林荫大道时，这些历史痕迹显而易见。空格处需填形容词，作were的表语，结合后文“空气中弥漫着阿拉伯和土耳其食物的气味、商贩售卖非洲木雕”等场景，多元文化的历史痕迹十分明显，obvious意为“明显的”，符合语境。故选G。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：尽管海上运输已经衰落，但老港仍然是这座城市的核心。空格处需填动词作谓语，主语“the Vieux Port”为单数，用第三人称单数形式。remains意为“仍然是，保持”，“remains the city’s focus”表示“仍然是城市的核心”，结合后文“所有道路似乎都通向那里”，老港的核心地位未变，remains符合语境。故选H。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：在我看来，它的景色堪比世界上最棒的港口，比如悉尼港。空格处需填动词作谓语，主语“its view”为单数，用第三人称单数形式。matches意为“比得上，匹配”，“view matches the great harbours”表示“景色堪比顶级港口”，体现老港景色的优美，符合语境。故选E。 (9)题解析： 考查动词。句意：为了避暑，我前往加泰罗尼亚海滩。空格处需填动词作谓语，“head to”是固定短语，意为“前往”，结合“escape the heat（避暑）”，作者前往海滩乘凉，headed符合语境。故选C。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：正是在这里，我迟迟才注意到马赛的“法国风情”。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合前文描述马赛的多元文化（阿拉伯、非洲等元素），作者在此刻才感受到其独特的“法国特质”，noticed意为“注意到”，符合语境。故选F。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words and phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need. A. packages       B. labelled       C. transports       D. facilities       E. recycled       F. established G. contain       H. is celebrated as       I. play host to       J. food for thought       K. pay regard to 1. The Battle at Lake Changjin is a huge box office hit, which the audience to a time when the People’s Volunteer Army courageously fought in freezing cold to resist US aggression and aid Korea. 2. When Sarah’s boyfriend surprised her with a marriage proposal during a romantic dinner, she couldn’t her excitement, and her face lit up with joy as she said yes. 3. The speech of the Nobel Prize winner offers much , inspiring younger generation of researchers to forge ahead in their chosen academic field. 4. The family-owned bakery has been a(n) business in the neighborhood for over three decades, known for its delicious pastries and warm, friendly service. 5. Reusable cups, which are and put back into use again after being sanitized, will be offered to tourists in Udo Island, South Korea to protect the local environment. 6. It is essential to the opinions and suggestions of your team members to foster a collaborative and productive work environment. 7. Senator Jeff Flake, an adventurous politician, went on a four-day Robinson Crusoe style holiday with his two sons in the island of Biggarenn, where no basic were offered. 8. Cigarette makers are determined to make money from wallets of those who live in poor countries by promoting goods by the WHO as dangerous to health. 9. Stratford-upon-Avon the birthplace of the famous playwright William Shakespeare, attracting many visitors every year. 10. China’s tourism officials are expecting to reverse the trend of declining overseas visitors in 2020 — possible, experts say, if it revises its outdated tour and lowers ticket prices. 【答案】1. C 2. G 3. J 4. F 5. E 6. K 7. D 8. B 9. H 10. A 【解析】(1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：《长津湖》是一部票房大卖的电影，它将观众带回到中国人民志愿军在严寒中英勇抗击美国侵略、援助朝鲜的时代。根据“the audience to a time when”可知，此空应是transports，意为“运送；使产生身临其境的感觉”，用于描述电影带观众回到特定时代的作用。在定语从句中作谓语，表示 “将……带至”，符合语境。故填C。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：当萨拉的男友在一顿浪漫的晚餐中突然向她求婚时，她难掩兴奋之情，笑着答应时脸上洋溢着喜悦。根据“a marriage proposal”以及“her excitement”可知，此空应是contain，意为“克制；抑制”，用于描述控制情绪的语境。在该句中作谓语，表示“抑制”，符合语境。故填G。 (3)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：诺贝尔奖得主的演讲发人深省，激励年轻一代的研究人员在自己选择的学术领域奋勇前进。根据“The speech of the Nobel Prize winner ”以及“inspiring”可知，此空应是food for thought，意为“发人深省的事；引人思考的问题”，用于描述演讲的启发作用。在该句中作宾语，表示“引人深思的内容”，符合语境。故填J。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：这家家族经营的面包店在这个街区已经是一家老牌生意了，已有三十多年历史，以美味的糕点和热情友好的服务而闻名。根据“for over three decades”以及“known for”可知，此空应是established，意为“老牌的；已确立的”，用于描述经营已久的生意。在该句中作定语，表示“老牌的”，符合语境。故填F。 (5)题解析： 考查过去分词。句意：韩国牛岛将为游客提供可重复使用的杯子，这些杯子经过消毒后可回收再利用，以保护当地环境。根据“Reusable cups”以及“put back into use again”可知，此空应是recycled，意为“回收利用”，用于描述杯子的环保属性。are recycled在从句中作谓语，表示“被回收”，符合语境。故填E。 (6)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：重视团队成员的意见和建议对于营造协作且高效的工作环境至关重要。根据“the opinions and suggestions of your team members”以及“collaborative and productive”可知，此空应是pay regard to，意为“重视；考虑”，用于描述对待他人意见的态度。to pay regard to...是句子真正的主语，表示“重视”，符合语境。故填K。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：富有冒险精神的政治家杰夫・弗莱克参议员和他的两个儿子在比加伦岛度过了为期四天的鲁滨逊式假期，那里没有基本设施。根据“basic”以及“were offered”可知，此空应是名词复数facilities，意为“设施”，用于描述岛上的基础配备。在定语从句中作主语，表示“设施”，符合语境。故填D。 (8)题解析： 考查过去分词。句意：香烟制造商决心通过推销被世界卫生组织标注为有害健康的产品，从贫穷国家人民的钱包里赚钱。根据“goods”以及“by the WHO as”可知，此空应是labelled，意为“标注；贴标签”，用于描述产品被标注的属性。在定语从句中作后置定语，表示“被标注的”，符合语境。故填B。 (9)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：埃文河畔斯特拉特福被誉为著名剧作家威廉・莎士比亚的出生地，每年吸引许多游客。根据“the birthplace of the famous playwright William Shakespeare”以及“attracting many visitors”可知，此空应是is celebrated as，意为“被誉为；被当作……庆祝”，用于描述某地的声誉。在该句中作谓语，表示“被誉为”，符合语境。故填H。 (10)题解析： 考查名词。句意：中国旅游官员希望在2020年扭转海外游客减少的趋势——专家表示，如果中国修改过时的旅游套餐并降低票价，这是有可能的。根据“reverse the trend of declining overseas visitors”以及“revises its outdated tour”可知，此空应是packages，意为“套餐；包价旅游”，用于描述旅游产品形式。在状语从句中作宾语，表示“旅游套餐”，符合语境。故填A。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. backward       B. discipline       C. evoked       D. enclose       AB. feature AC. frequented       AD. gesture       BC. head-on       BD. identical       CD. imitated ABC. inferior                            1. The music memories of her youth. 2. I want to this picture of us in front of the Grand Canyon with the letter to Mary, but it’s a little out of focus. 3. They sent some flowers as a(n) of sympathy to the parents of the injured child. 4. Round-the-clock services and cheap prices this convenience store. 5. English learning is a(n) battle for senior-one students, requiring hard efforts and determination to sustain the efforts. 6. Though greeted with laughter initially, her style of painting was soon acknowledged and by contemporary artists. 7. Don’t feel if your classmate solves the math problem faster; your approach may be different but feasible as well. 8. Textbooks for all the students in the same grade are , but each one’s book quickly becomes unique because of notes and doodles. 9. I appreciate my finishing the homework assigned by my teachers before playing — this is what we call self- . 10. He has a genuine affection for the stir-fried dishes (小炒) on the third floor of the school canteen, a place much by both students and teachers. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. AD 4. AB 5. BC 6. CD 7. ABC 8. BD 9. B 10. AC 【解析】(1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：这段音乐唤起了她对青春的回忆。根据memories of her youth可知，音乐与青春回忆之间存在引发、唤起的逻辑关系，evoked是动词过去式形式，意为“唤起（情感、记忆等）”，作句子谓语，符合句意。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：我想把这张我们在科罗拉多大峡谷前拍的合影随信寄给玛丽，但照片有点对焦不准。根据with the letter to Mary可知，此处表示将照片随信附上，enclose意为“随信附上；装入”，为动词，符合句意。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：他们送了一些花，作为对受伤孩子父母的同情表示。根据They sent some flowers as可知，送花是表达同情的一种表示，gesture意为“姿态；表示”，为名词，符合句意。故选AD项。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：24小时营业服务和低廉的价格是这家便利店的特色。根据Round-the-clock services and cheap prices可知，24小时营业和低价是便利店的特色，feature意为“以……为特征；是……的特色”，为动词，符合句意。故选AB项。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：英语学习对高一学生来说是一场正面的战斗，需要努力和决心来坚持下去。根据requiring hard efforts and determination to sustain the efforts可知，此处修饰名词battle，head-on意为“正面的；直接的”，为形容词，符合“需要努力和决心应对”的语境。故选BC项。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：虽然她的绘画风格最初遭到嘲笑，但很快就得到了当代艺术家的认可和模仿。根据Though greeted with laughter initially和acknowledged可知，空格处与acknowledged为并列关系，应表示被模仿，imitated意为“模仿”，为动词过去分词形式，符合句意。故选CD项。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：如果你的同学解数学题比你快，不要觉得自卑；你的方法可能不同，但同样可行。根据if your classmate solves the math problem faster可知，此处表示因他人更快而感到不如人，inferior意为“（质量等）差的；自卑的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选ABC项。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：同一年级所有学生的课本都是一样的，但由于笔记和涂鸦，每个人的书很快就变得独特了。根据Textbooks for all the students in the same grade可知，同一年级所有学生的课本都是一样的，空格处与unique形成转折关系，应表示“相同的”，identical意为“完全相同的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选BD项。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：我很欣赏自己在玩耍前先完成老师布置的作业——这就是我们所说的自律。根据finishing the homework assigned by my teachers before playing可知，这是一种自我约束，self-discipline为固定搭配，意为“自律”，为名词，符合句意。故选B项。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：他对学校食堂三楼的小炒情有独钟，那是个师生常去的地方。根据by both students and teachers可知，此处表示被频繁光顾的地方，动词frequent意为“常去；频繁光顾”，此处作后置定语，修饰先行词a place，frequent与逻辑主语a place之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式frequented，符合句意。故选AC项。 （四） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alternative       B. awareness       C. contributing       D. cap       AB. eliminate AC. embarrassed        AD. emissions       BC. exposed       BD. favored       CD. immediate ABC. present                           The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not 1 to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world’s most touristic areas. The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market crisis in the United States. Because of it, many households were forced to restrict their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 2 surroundings. At the same time, 3 of the environmental impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people — with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on introducing a tourist 4 . Staycation appears like a great solution for the challenges above mentioned. In fact, staying close to home will 5 the budget for accommodation and transport. Apart from the financial savings, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 6 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; instead, other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are 7 . This allows people’s carbon footprints not to increase as much as they would if long distances had been traveled. A staycation is a form of 8 tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 9 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy. There are no fully-booked days, and no rush to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time. Given the multiple advantages of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be 10 at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year. 【答案】1. C 2. CD 3. B 4. D 5. AB 6. AD 7. BD 8. A 9. ABC 10. AC 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 “宅度假” 这一概念，它因2008年美国市场危机及人们环保意识增强而兴起，具有节省开支、环保等优点，与慢旅游趋势相符。 (1)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：它与减少污染、省钱以及不造成世界上一些旅游胜地出现的过度混乱密切相关。contribute to为固定短语，意为“导致；促成”，在“and”连接的并列结构中，“not + 动名词”与“less pollution, saving money”形式一致，需用动名词形式，故“contributing”符合语境。故填C。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：出国旅游资金的短缺是许多人开始（重新）发现他们最邻近环境的原因。immediate为形容词，意为“附近的；紧邻的”，用于修饰名词“surroundings”，符合没钱出国旅游所以关注附近环境的语境。故填CD。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：与此同时，人们对旅游业环境影响的意识，尤其是对交通影响的意识，也开始增强。awareness为名词，“awareness of...”表示“对……的意识”，此处表达人们对旅游业环境影响方面意识的提升，符合语境。故填B。 (4)题解析： 考查名词。句意：此外，人们还认为，一些主要城市（国外）的人口越来越拥挤——巴塞罗那、威尼斯或塞舌尔等地正计划引入游客上限。cap作名词时，有“限额”之意，“introduce a tourist cap”即“引入游客上限”，符合这些地方应对游客过多采取措施的语境。故填D。 (5)题解析： 考查动词。句意：事实上，在离家近的地方度假将省去住宿和交通的预算。eliminate为动词，意为“消除；排除”，will后接动词原形。在此处表示宅度假能去除住宿和交通方面的预算花费，符合语境。故填AB。 (6)题解析： 考查名词。句意：除了省钱，居家度假还有一个好处，那就是可以把有害的排放物控制在地下。emissions为名词，意为“排放物”作宾语，“harmful emissions”即“有害排放物”，与前文提到减少交通工具使用从而减少排放相呼应，符合语境。故填AD。 (7)题解析： 考查被动语态。句意：汽车、船只和飞机不被（或较少被）使用；相反，像公共交通、自行车、电动滑板车或者步行等其他交通方式更受青睐。favor作动词有“偏爱；更喜欢”之意，此处other means of transport作主语，需用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，空格前已经有are，过去分词favored符合语境，表示这些交通方式更受喜爱。故填BD。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：宅度假是一种完全符合慢旅游趋势的替代性旅游方式。alternative为形容词，意为“可供替代的”，用于修饰tourism，表明宅度假作为一种不同常规旅游的替代方式，符合语境。故填A。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：慢旅游邀请你活在当下。present作形容词，意为“当前的；现在的”符合语境，in the present moment为固定表达，意为“在当下”，符合慢旅游鼓励人们珍惜当下的语境。故填ABC。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：鉴于本地旅游的诸多优点，当你在工作时在咖啡机旁被问到今年要去哪里度假时，你再也没有理由感到尴尬了。embarrassed为形容词，意为“尴尬的”，在“be”动词后作表语，结合前文宅度假优点多，可知面对度假询问无需尴尬，符合语境。故填AC。 （五） （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address   B. awareness   C. role   D. bored   E. creative F. transported   G. developed   H. based   I. confirms   J. accounts   K. ingredients How big is the ecological footprint of your food? There is no doubt that eating les meat is good for our planet. However, if you’re not ready to give up meat entirely, how to make a more sustainable choice? Or have you ever thought about where the fish in your soup comes from? Or have you ever wondered how to reduce environmental impact of your meals? “We are what we eat!”, which 1 the important concept that food and humans are inseparable. Food is culture, a sense of identity and a personal preference. But globally, our food system 2 for roughly a quarter of man-made greenhouse gas emissions. That’s why we should rethink our food consumption and include “the good food for the planet Earth” into our next recipe. An expert from WWF Sweden (瑞典世界自然基金会) discussed the 3 of WWF at one meeting about future food. WWF Sweden aims to transform production and consumption of food to increase sustainability (可持续性). There are three interesting tools 4 by WWF Sweden that can help you to make the right choice on food consumption. “Our Planet Plate” is a campaign with which WWF of Sweden hopes to raise people’s 5 about the food consumption. Aiming to 6 the challenge of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5℃, WWF provides information on how much greenhouse gas a meal should release to achieve the goal. “WWF Food Calculator” is a tool that gives you an idea of how much greenhouse gas emissions your breakfast, lunch or dinner leads to. This tool can inform how much carbon dioxide is released from the 7 you use to cook. If you want to reach the goal of 1.5℃ emission reduction, you’re looking at having about 11kg of CO2 equivalent food per week. You do not have to be vegetarian to reach this goal, but you have to be 8 with your recipes. For instance, you could choose free-range (散养) meat or choose local fish over mass-produced meat or fish 9 in planes and ships all over the world. Initiated by SLU, a “Meat-Guide” has been introduced and expanded by WWF of Sweden since 2015. The Meat-Guide is 10 on five standards of climate, biodiversity, chemical pesticides, animal welfare and antibiotics. You can download the Meat-Guide app onto your phone and use it the next time you do your groceries. 【答案】1. I 2. J 3. C 4. G 5. B 6. A 7. K 8. E 9. F 10. H 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文围绕“食物的生态足迹”展开，主要讲述了如何通过可持续的食物消费保护地球。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：“人如其食！”这句话印证了食物与人类密不可分这一重要理念。根据句意“证实”可知，此处为动词confirm，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为which，指代上文内容，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选I。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：但在全球范围内，我们的食物系统约占人为温室气体排放量的四分之一。根据句意“占（比例）”可知，此处为动词短语account for，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选J。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：在一场关于未来食物的会议上，瑞典世界自然基金会（WWF）的一位专家阐述了该组织在这一领域的作用。根据句意“作用，角色”可知，此处为名词role，作宾语。故选C。 (4)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：该机构开发了三项有趣的工具，能帮助你在食物消费上做出正确选择。根据句意“开发”可知，此处为动词develop，作后置定语，需用非谓语动词形式，tools和develop为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故选G。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：“我们的地球餐盘” 是一项宣传活动，瑞典世界自然基金会希望通过它提高人们对食物消费的环保意识。根据句意“意识”可知，此处为名词awareness，作宾语，为不可数名词。故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：为了应对《巴黎协定》中限制全球变暖至1.5℃的挑战，该组织提供了相关信息，说明一餐应释放多少温室气体才能实现这一目标。根据句意“应对”可知，此处为动词address，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选A。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：它还能告知你烹饪所用食材会释放多少二氧化碳。根据句意“食材”可知，此处为名词ingredient，作宾语，此处使用复数形式。故选K。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：你不必成为素食者就能实现这一目标，但需要在食谱上多花些创意。根据句意“有创意的”可知，此处为形容词creative，作表语。故选E。 (9)题解析： 考查动词。句意：例如，你可以选择散养肉类，或优先选择本地鱼类，而非那些通过飞机、轮船运往全球各地的批量生产的肉类和鱼类。根据句意“运输”可知，此处为动词transport，作后置定语，需用非谓语动词形式，transport与planes and ships为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故选F。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：“肉类指南”基于气候、生物多样性、化学农药、动物福利和抗生素使用五项标准制定。根据句意“基于”可知，此处为固定短语be based on。故选H。 （六） （25-26高一上·上海川沙中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. confusion     B. inside     C. stayed     D. curious     E. common F. decreases     G. shock     H. freely     I. right     J. peace     K. safe You’ve seen them out there — well-fed cats, sometimes with collars on, walking slowly on the streets like they own them or lying in a lazy, relaxed position on a sidewalk in the warm sun. Cat lovers find them charming. Wildlife protectors and bird lovers see furry killers and blame them for the 1 in bird populations. How you feel about outdoor cats may also depend on where you are in the world. In the United States, about 81 percent of pet cats are kept 2 , according to a 2021 study. But elsewhere, it can be far more 3 to let them walk around. In Denmark, only 17 percent of cats are strictly indoor pets, according to the same study. In Türkiye, so many wild cats walk 4 in and out of cafes, restaurants and markets that a documentary was made about these outdoor animals. And in Britain, where the 2021 study found that 74 percent of cat owners let their pets roam outside, many cat charities advise pet owners on the best ways to keep cats 5 outdoors. The idea might come as a(n) 6 to many American cat owners, who often refuse to allow a person to adopt a cat once it is discovered that they are going to be keeping it outside. During much of the 20th century, most cats 7 outside, said David Grimm, author of Citizen Canine: Our Evolving Relationship With Cats and Dogs. The invention of kitty litter (猫砂) in 1947 made indoor cats more acceptable . But it was not until around the early 1990s that more Americans began bringing their cats indoors. At that time, they also worried that an outdoor cat was more likely to suffer from diseases. However, many owners have also felt conflicted about keeping a(n) 8 , restless creature inside. Some have trained their own cats to walk on leashes when they’re outside. Keeping them inside “didn’t feel 9 ,” said Mr. Grimm, “just like I wouldn’t keep my kids inside all day. We can only take so much animal out of them.” Trisha Brennan, who lives in Boston in the U. S., tried to keep her cat indoors at first. But he nipped shoes, pulled Ms. Brennan’s hair, and pounced (猛扑)so much that her teenage daughter locked herself in her room. “It’s an uneasy 10 that you make, having an outdoor cat,” Ms. Brennan said. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. E 4. H 5. K 6. G 7. C 8. D 9. I 10. J 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。短文主要探讨了不同地区人们对宠物猫在户外或室内饲养的不同做法，以及背后的原因和引发的不同观点，包括鸟类爱好者与猫爱好者对户外猫的不同态度等。 (1)题解析： 考查名词。句意：野生动物保护者和鸟类爱好者将其视为毛茸茸的杀手，并指责它们导致鸟类数量的减少。根据前文“blame them for”可知，此处需填名词，结合“furry killers”可知，“decreases”（减少）符合语义，指鸟类数量的下降。故选F。 (2)题解析： 考查副词。句意：根据2021年的一项研究，在美国，约81%的宠物猫被养在室内。此句描述美国宠物猫的饲养环境，“kept”为动词，需用副词修饰，“inside”表示“在室内”，符合句子表达在美国多数宠物猫被养在室内的意思。故选B。 (3)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：但在其他地方，让它们在户外走动可能更为常见。“be”动词后接形容词，构成系表结构，根据上下文对比美国与其他地方养猫情况，“common”（常见的）能体现出其他地方让猫在户外走动这种情况更为普遍。故选E。 (4)题解析： 考查副词。句意：在土耳其，有如此多的野猫自由进出咖啡馆、餐馆和市场，以至于为此制作了一部关于这些户外动物的纪录片。“walk”为动词，需用副词修饰，“freely”（自由地）生动地描述了土耳其野猫在这些场所进出不受限制的状态。故选H。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：在英国，2021年的研究发现74%的猫主人让他们的宠物在户外闲逛，许多猫咪慈善机构会给宠物主人提供让猫在户外保持安全的最佳方法。“keep +宾语+形容词”表示“使……保持某种状态”，这里表示让猫在户外保持“safe”（安全的）状态，符合慈善机构给猫主人建议的目的。故选K。 (6)题解析： 考查名词。句意：这个想法可能会让很多美国猫主人感到震惊，一旦发现有人要把猫养在户外，他们往往会拒绝让这个人领养猫。“come as a +名词”为常用结构，根据后文美国猫主人拒绝让户外养猫的人领养猫，可知这个想法让他们很震惊，“shock”（震惊）符合语境。故选G。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：《公民犬：我们与猫和狗不断演变的关系》一书的作者大卫·格林说，在20世纪的大部分时间里，大多数猫都待在户外。此句缺少谓语动词，描述过去的情况，“stayed”（stay的过去式，待在）符合语境，表明20世纪多数猫的活动地点在户外。故选C。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：然而，许多主人对于把好奇、不安分的动物关在室内也感到很矛盾。分析：“creature”为名词，需用形容词修饰，根据“restless”（不安分的）及猫的天性，“curious”（好奇的）与之并列，共同描述猫的特点，说明主人对将这样的猫关在室内的纠结。故选D。 (9)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：格林先生说：“把它们关在室内感觉不合适，就像我不会让我的孩子整天待在室内一样。我们只能尽量减少它们的动物天性。”“feel”为系动词，后接形容词作表语，格林先生通过类比不让孩子整天待在室内，表明把猫关在室内他觉得“right”（合适的）反面，即不合适。故选I。 (10)题解析： 考查名词。句意：布伦南女士说：“养户外猫是一种不安稳的平衡。”“an uneasy +名词”，“peace”（平静；平衡）在这里表示养户外猫存在一种不太稳定的状态，体现出布伦南女士对养户外猫的看法。故选J。 （七） （25-26高一上·上海闵行中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. admired B. term C. blessed D. brief E. professionally F. buried G. recover H. typically I. marvelous J. point K. referred Art occurs in many forms: music, dance, painting, architecture, sculpture, cinema, and literature, among others. Works of art can make people feel moved, even to the 1 of tears. In the case of Stendhal syndrome (综合症状), however, this feeling is so intense that a person can experience a rapid heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, or fainting. It may even require hospitalization. In the Italian city of Florence, numerous visitors viewing the 2 Renaissance art there have experienced this and have required medical attention. Though not 3 recognized, this condition — now 4 to as Stendhal syndrome — does exist. While great art is found in every civilization, Florence has been especially 5 . A small city with a historical center, it is internationally 6 for its amazing concentration of Renaissance art. Florence in the 15th and 16th centuries attracted the talent of many geniuses: artists, scientists, and authors were welcomed here. Some of the greatest Western works of art can be found in Florence, such as the statue of David by Michelangelo, The Birth of Venus by Botticelli, and the frescoes (壁画) by Giotto in the Basilica of Santa Croce. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci left works here. Galileo Galilei and Niccolo Machiavelli are 7 here. The syndrome is named after Stendbal, a French author who visited Florence in 1817. He described his experience of being fascinated by the historic and artistic power of the city in one of his books. Though the 8 Stendhal syndrome was not coined until 1979 by Italian psychiatrist Graziella Magherini, the illness had already had a long history. Patients usually 9 within days of their attacks without any miracle drug other than rest and quiet. For them, the cost of viewing the power and beauty of Florence is a 10 trip to a hospital. 【答案】1. J 2. I 3. E 4. K 5. C 6. A 7. F 8. B 9. G 10. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍佛罗伦萨的文艺复兴艺术魅力极致，催生“司汤达综合征”，让部分参观者出现不适，背后是这座城市独特的艺术底蕴。 (1)题解析： 考查名词。句意：艺术作品能使人感动，甚至感动到流泪的地步。空处应填名词作介词to的宾语，结合上文“Works of art can make people feel moved”和表程度加深的even可知，此处指感动到流泪的程度，名词point“点”符合，to the point of“到……程度”是固定搭配。故选J。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：在意大利城市佛罗伦萨，许多观赏那里非凡文艺复兴艺术的游客都有过这种经历，并且需要医疗救助。空处修饰名词短语Renaissance art，需填形容词，结合语境，文艺复兴艺术极具魅力，形容词marvelous“非凡的、奇妙的”符合。故选I。 (3)题解析： 考查副词。句意：尽管未被专业认可，但这种如今被称为司汤达综合征的病症确实存在。空处修饰动词 recognized，需填副词，根据“does exist”推测，此处指没有得到专业的认可，但确实存在，副词professionally“专业地”， 符合语境。故选E。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：尽管未被专业认可，但这种如今被称为司汤达综合征的病症确实存在。根据“to as Stendhal syndrome”可知，此处是指这种综合征的名词，be referred to as“被称为、被称作”符合题意。故选K。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：虽然伟大的艺术存在于每个文明中，但佛罗伦萨尤其幸运。空处作表语，结合后文佛罗伦萨汇聚大量文艺复兴艺术佳作，形容词blessed“幸运的、受眷顾的”符合语境，be blessed 表示“得天独厚”。故选C。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：这座历史中心小巧的城市，因其惊人的文艺复兴艺术集中度而享誉国际。be admired for是固定搭配，意为“因……而受赞赏”，符合佛罗伦萨因艺术闻名的语境。故选A。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：伽利略・伽利莱和尼科洛・马基雅维利也安葬于此。结合语境，此处指两位名人安葬在佛罗伦萨，动词buried“埋葬”符合，过去分词和are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选F。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意：尽管“司汤达综合征”这一术语直到1979年才由意大利精神病学家格拉齐亚ella・马盖里尼提出，但这种疾病早已存在。空处应填名词作主语，指“司汤达综合征”这一特定称谓，名词term“术语、名称”符合。故选B。 (9)题解析： 考查动词。句意：患者通常在发病后几天内无需特效药仅通过休息和静养就能康复。空处为句子谓语，结合“without any miracle drug other than rest and quiet”可知，动词recover“康复”符合语境，主语patients为复数，谓语动词用原形。故选G。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：对他们来说，欣赏佛罗伦萨的力量与美所付出的代价，只是一次短暂的住院经历。空处修饰名词trip，结合前文“recover within days”可知，形容词 brief“短暂的”符合。故选D。 （八） （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words and expressions to complete the passages. show confusion             deliver             get confused       context       refuse an offer signal        set foot on        feel torn            reflect        come to realize This is a story about how a foreigner 1 about a Mexican word even though she could speak fluent Spanish. It happened when she 2 Mexican soil for the first time. She asked an ice-cream seller for an ice-cream, and he said “ahorita.” She thought it would 3 immediately because the word can be directly translated to “right now.” But she waited for half an hour and still no ice-cream came. When she asked the seller about it, he said “ahorita” again, with his face 4 . She 5 between waiting and walking away. Finally, she had to go home, so she 6 to the seller that she could not wait any longer. Years later back in Mexico, she 7 that the meaning of “ahorita” changes according to its 8 . It could mean “tomorrow,” “within five years”, “never,” or even ”no, thanks“ when one wants to 9 . “Ahorita Time” is a 10 of different cultural understandings of time. That is, understanding “ahorita” takes not a fluency in the language, but a fluency in the culture. 【答案】1. got confused 2. set foot on 3. be delivered 4. showing confusion 5. felt torn 6. signaled 7. came to realize 8. context 9. refuse an offer 10. reflection 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位能说流利西班牙语的外国人因对墨西哥词语“ahorita”的误解而经历的故事，说明了文化语境对理解语言的重要性。 (1)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：这是一个关于一个外国人即使能说流利西班牙语，却对一个墨西哥词语感到困惑的故事。根据上下文，此处描述她对这个词感到困惑，应用get confused，且故事为过去时，故填got confused。 (2)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：事情发生在她第一次踏上墨西哥土地时。set foot on意为“踏上”，此处描述过去动作，故填set foot on。 (3)题解析： 考查动词。句意：她以为冰淇淋会立刻送来，因为这个词可以直接翻译成“立刻”。这里it指冰淇淋，deliver意为“递送”，且此处表示“被递送”，应用被动语态，would后接动词原形，故填be delivered。 (4)题解析： 考查动词短语的现在分词作伴随状语。句意：当她问小贩时，小贩又说“ahorita”，脸上露出困惑的表情。with his face showing confusion为with复合结构，表示伴随状态，show confusion意为“显出困惑”，此处用现在分词showing，故填showing confusion。 (5)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：她在等待和离开之间感到纠结。feel torn意为“感到纠结”，描述过去感受，故填felt torn。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：最后，她不得不回家，于是她向小贩示意她不能再等了。signal to sb that...意为“向某人示意……”，此处描述过去动作，故填signaled。 (7)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：几年后回到墨西哥，她意识到“ahorita”的意思根据上下文而变化。come to realize意为“开始意识到”，描述过去动作，故填came to realize。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意同上。context意为“上下文，语境”，此处作介词to的宾语，故填context。 (9)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：它可能意味着“明天”、“五年内”、“从不”，甚至当一个人想拒绝时表示“不，谢谢”。refuse an offer意为“拒绝提议”，want to do sth，故填refuse an offer。 (10)题解析： 考查名词。句意：“Ahorita时间”是不同文化时间理解的一种反映。reflect的名词形式为reflection，意为“反映”，且前有a，故填reflection。 （九） （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. altered    B. bans    C. bridge    D. containers    E. contributed    F. cost    G. encouraging    H. list    I. marine    J. platforms    K. widening Food delivery apps are changing the way we eat It’s raining, it’s dinnertime, and the fridge is nearly empty. Years ago, we made do; today, we order food through our phones. Within twenty minutes, we get whatever it was we were craving, we’re warm and dry, and there’s not a single dish to wash afterward. Food delivery apps have 1 the landscape of how we eat, particularly in big cities. The industry is a complex machine; there’s Meituan, Eleme, Hema… the 2 goes on. These companies are expanding and changing at a rapid rate, bringing on the rise of virtual restaurants and ghost kitchens, and customers who will never step inside a brick-and-mortar shop (实体店). Of course, these apps bring all types of cuisines around the city to our fingertips, but it comes at a 3 . And one of the real environmental concerns lies in all that plastic and excess (过量的) food. In the U.S. alone, packaging accounts for 30 percent of municipal (市政的) solid waste. In 2017, that meant 80.1 million tons. Food delivery systems are likely 4 this huge number to rise. Durable materials like the plastics serveware is made from, are difficult to dispose of (处理). Restaurant delivery is a global phenomenon — as is the impact on the environment. Meituan, one of the leading Chinese delivery 5 , delivered 6.4 billion food orders in 2018. It is estimated that China 6 1.6 million tons of packaging waste (containers, utensils, plastic bags) in 2017, nine times more than in 2015. In the EU, University of Manchester researchers estimate, over two billion disposable takeaway 7 are used every year. Most of those are not recycled. According to the European Commission, packaging, which includes plastic utensils, plates, and straws, makes up 70% of all 8 pollution found in European seas. Plastic 9 , alternative packaging materials, and other efforts to cut down on waste are on the rise. Food delivery apps should, too, do their part to raise awareness for plastic pollution and 10 the gap between food waste and hunger. 【答案】1. A 2. H 3. F 4. K 5. J 6. E 7. D 8. I 9. B 10. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了外卖软件的便利性重塑了现代饮食方式，但塑料包装和食物浪费造成严峻环境问题，需通过禁令、替代材料和行业责任来缓解。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：外卖软件改变了饮食方式，尤其在大城市。空处和have构成谓语，时态为现在完成时，结合“Food delivery apps”和“the landscape of how we eat”可推知，A项altered“改变”符合题意，表示“改变了饮食方式”。故选A。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：行业如复杂机器：美团、饿了么、盒马……名单还在延长。空处作主语，结合“Meituan, Eleme, Hema…”可推知，H项list“名单”符合题意，表示“名单还在延长”。故选H。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：当然，这些程序将城市中的各种美食带到我们的指尖，但这是有代价的。空处作at的宾语，结合下一句中的“one of the real environmental concerns”可推知，F项cost“代价”符合题意，表示“这是有代价的”。故选F。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：外卖系统可能加剧这一数字的上升。空处和are构成谓语，结合“this huge number”可推知，K项widening“使扩大”符合题意，表示“加剧这一数字的上升”。故选K。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：美团是中国领先的外卖平台之一，2018年交付了64亿份外卖订单。空处作of的宾语，结合“Meituan”可推知，J项platforms“平台”符合题意，表示“中国领先的外卖平台之一”。故选J。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：据估计，2017年中国造成了160万吨包装垃圾（容器、器具、塑料袋），是2015年的9倍。空处作从句的谓语，结合“1.6 million tons of packaging waste”可推知，E项contributed“造成”符合题意，表示“造成了160万吨包装垃圾”。故选E。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：曼彻斯特大学的研究人员估计，在欧盟，每年使用超过20亿个一次性外卖容器。空处作主语，结合“disposable takeaway”可推知，D项containers“容器”符合题意，表示“一次性外卖容器”。故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：据欧盟委员会称，包括塑料器皿、盘子和吸管在内的包装占欧洲海域海洋污染总量的70%。空处作修饰pollution的定语，结合“found in European seas”可推知，I项marine“海洋”符合题意，表示“海洋污染”。故选I。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：塑料禁令、替代包装材料和其他减少浪费的努力正在增加。空处作主语，结合“alternative packaging materials, and other efforts”可推知，B项bans“禁令”符合题意，表示“塑料禁令”。故选B。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：外卖软件也应该尽自己的一份力量，提高人们对塑料污染的认识，弥合食物浪费和饥饿之间的差距。空处和should构成谓语，结合“the gap between food waste and hunger”可推知，C项bridge“弥合”符合题意，表示“弥合食物浪费和饥饿之间的差距”。故选C。 （十） （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfortunately       B. recycled       C. end       D. travelled       E. pollution       F. produces G.burned       H. stress       I. contains       J. locally       K. label It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a bigger environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has 1 a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO2, which causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that is; produced 2 . Secondly, we should eat less fast food. Due to its convenience, fast food has become very popular, but it is 3 very bad for the environment. The industry 4 a lot of waste: unnecessary packaging, along with other single-use plastics, is one big part of the problem. Most takeaway containers will probably 5 up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants to use 6 materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food that cause huge environmental 7 . For example, rainforests around the world are being 8 down to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations. To protect the rainforest, we should eat less beef and avoid food that 9 palm oil. 10 and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources in a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. 【答案】1. D 2. J 3. A 4. F 5. C 6. B 7. H 8. G 9. I 10. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍日常饮食中可采取的环保措施，如选择本地食物、少吃快餐、避免环境破坏性食物，以减少环境影响。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：首先，我们应避免经过长途运输的食物。根据下文“Food transport is a big source of CO₂”可知，空处用动词作谓语，travelled意为“运输，旅行”，此处表示食物经过长途运输，符合语境。故选D。 (2)题解析： 考查副词。句意：换句话说，最好食用本地生产的食物。根据上文“avoid food that has travelled a long way”可知，空处用副词修饰produced，locally意为“本地地”，此处表示“本地生产”，与“长途运输”形成对比，符合语境。故选J。 (3)题解析： 考查副词。句意：由于方便，快餐变得非常流行，但不幸的是，它对环境非常有害。根据前文“fast food has become very popular”与后文“very bad for the environment”（对环境有害）的转折关系可知，空处用副词表转折后的遗憾，unfortunately意为“不幸地”，符合语境。故选A。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：快餐行业产生大量垃圾：不必要的包装以及其他一次性塑料是主要问题之一。根据后文“a lot of waste”可知，空处用动词作谓语，produces意为“产生”，此处表示快餐行业产生垃圾，符合语境。故选F。 (5)题解析： 考查动词。句意：大多数外卖餐盒最终可能会被扔进垃圾场。根据“the rubbish dump”可知，空处用动词，“end up”是固定搭配，意为“最终成为，最终处于”，此处表示餐盒最终被丢弃到垃圾场，符合语境。故选C。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：不过，我们可以鼓励餐馆使用可回收材料来包装食物。根据前文“single-use plastics”可知，空处用形容词修饰materials，recycled意为“可回收的”，此处表示“使用可回收材料”，符合环保理念。故选B。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：第三，我们应该避免那些造成巨大环境压力的食物。根据下文“rainforests around the world are being burned down”可知，这类食物的生产给环境带来负担，stress 意为“压力”，environmental stress表示“环境压力”，符合语境。故选H。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：例如，世界各地的雨林正被烧毁，以腾出空间建造牧场和棕榈油种植园。根据“to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations”可知，空处用动词，burned意为“烧毁”，“burn down”表示“烧毁”，此处表示雨林被烧毁，符合语境。故选G。 (9)题解析： 考查动词。句意：为了保护雨林，我们应少吃牛肉，并避免食用含有棕榈油的食物。根据“palm oil”可知，空处用动词作谓语，contains意为“包含，含有”，此处表示“含有棕榈油的食物”，符合语境。故选I。 (10)题解析： 考查名词。句意：污染和气候变化是全球性问题，因此我们都需要共同努力。根据前文多次提到的环保、垃圾、雨林破坏等问题可知，空处用名词，与climate change并列，pollution意为“污染”，符合语境。故选E。 （十一） （25-26高一上·上海黄浦区比乐中学·期中）Fill in each blank with a word or a phrase from the box in its proper form. Each can be used only once. Note that there is one more than you need. panic, turn out, consist of set foot on, without doubt, overcome. in ruins, participate in 1. Mr. Wang assigned the students to write poems, and it that they were highly imaginative. 2. It is common knowledge that carbon dioxide carbon and oxygen. 3. Mastering basic first-aid skills will prevent you from when something emergent happens. 4. Travel can be a scary thing, but most of the things we may fear about travel can easily . 5. , the forecast was completely wrong, which was his fault. 6. Any visitor will admire the greenery once he Singapore. 【答案】1. turned out 2. consists of 3. panicking 4. be overcome 5. Without doubt 6. sets foot on 【解析】(1)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：王老师让学生们写诗，结果发现他们极富想象力。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词短语作谓语，turn out，表“结果是；证明是”，结合前文“assigned” 可知，这里句子时态为一般过去时，需用过去式turned out，符合“写诗后呈现出的结果”语境。故填turned out。 (2)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：众所周知，二氧化碳由碳和氧组成。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词短语作谓语，consist of，表“由……组成”，句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 “carbon dioxide”为不可数名词，动词用第三人称单数形式consists of，符合“物质组成”语境。故填consists of。 (3)题解析： 考查动词。句意：掌握基本的急救技能将防止你在紧急情况发生时惊慌失措。分析句子结构可知，“prevent sb. from doing sth.”，为固定搭配，此空应填动词短语的-ing形式，panic，表“惊慌；恐慌”，其-ing形式为panicking，符合“紧急情况下的反应”语境。故填panicking。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：旅行可能是一件可怕的事，但我们对旅行可能产生的大多数恐惧都能轻易克服。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词作谓语，overcome，表“克服；战胜”，主语“most of the things”与“overcome”之间为被动关系，结合情态动词can可知，此处用被动语态“be overcome”，符合“恐惧被克服”语境。故填be overcome。 (5)题解析： 考查介词短语。句意：毫无疑问，这个预测完全错了，这是他的错。分析句子结构可知，此空应填固定短语作状语，without doubt，表“毫无疑问”，置于句首修饰整个句子，符合“对预测错误的肯定判断”语境，且首字母需大写。故填Without doubt。 (6)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：任何游客一旦踏上新加坡，都会欣赏那里的绿意。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词短语作谓语，set foot on，表“踏上；进入”，“once”引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语he为第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数形式sets foot on，符合“游客到达某地的行为”语境。故填sets foot on。 （十二） （25-26高一上·上海黄浦区比乐中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. delivered   B. likely   C. causes   D. actually   AB. dramatic   AC. expected AD. encouraging   BC. balance   BD. facing   CD. cities   ABC. sparkly National governments neglecting development needs of cities National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with inadequate (不充足的) development policies, a new report has found. 1 , national governments are key to making cities more sustainable. However, only a quarter of the world’s governments have urban development policies at all. The report looks at the key measures of energy production, transport and waste management. For instance, 2 the use of electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can also have a huge effect, not just on greenhouse gas emissions but also on removing some of the key 3 of air pollution. Derik Broekhoff of the Stockholm Environment Institute, the lead author of the study, said: “Now is the time for national governments to put cities at the heart of their national development strategies (策略). Countries must consider what policies need to be 4 in order to ensure their countries and cities are prepared for the urbanization (城市化) and 5 climate challenges.” Cities around the world are 6 rapid population growth, and are 7 to be among the areas that are worst hit by climate change. For most of human history, the rural population was greater than those of 8 , and it is only in just over the last decade that this 9 has shifted, with most of the world’s populations now living in urban centers, a trend that is, 10 to speed up even further. 【答案】1. D 2. AD 3. C 4. A 5. AB 6. BD 7. B 8. CD 9. BC 10. AC 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。一份新报告显示，各国政府常忽视大城市发展需求，仅少数有城市发展政策。全球城市正面临人口增长与气候挑战，如今城市人口已超农村，且城市化趋势预计将进一步加速。 (1)题解析： 考查副词。句意：实际上，各国政府是推动城市实现可持续发展的重要力量。前句“National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with inadequate development policies,a new report has found.(一份新的报告指出，世界各国的政府在制定发展规划时，往往忽视了大城市的需求，导致城市发展不力)”指出各国政府忽视城市发展需求，后句转折强调“各国政府实则是城市可持续发展的关键”，用副词actually（实际上）修饰后文句子，体现转折关系，衔接自然。故选D。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：例如，鼓励使用电动汽车而非燃油汽车也能产生巨大影响，不仅会减少温室气体排放，还能消除一些主要的空气污染源。空格后为“the use of electric vehicles”（电动汽车的使用），encouraging（鼓励）符合“鼓励电动汽车使用以减少污染”的语义，且与后文“have a huge effect” 形成逻辑呼应，此处用动名词作主语。故选AD。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：例如，鼓励使用电动汽车而非燃油汽车也能产生巨大影响，不仅会减少温室气体排放，还能消除一些主要的空气污染源。根据上文“but also on removing some of the key”可知， causes（原因）与 “removing”（消除）搭配合理，key causes of air pollution（空气污染的主要原因）符合“减少空气污染根源”的语境。故选C。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：各国必须思考需要采取哪些措施，以确保本国及本国城市能够应对城市化进程以及严峻的气候挑战。空格前为“policies need to be”，需用过去分词构成被动语态，delivered（实施；推行）与 policies 搭配，表达“为应对挑战需推行的政策”，符合句意。故选A。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：各国必须思考需要采取哪些措施，以确保本国及本国城市能够应对城市化进程以及严峻的气候挑战。空格后为“climate challenges”（气候挑战），dramatic（严峻的；显著的）可修饰“挑战”，体现气候问题的严重性，符合上下文对城市面临危机的描述。故选AB。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：世界各地的城市正面临着人口的快速增长，而且很可能会成为受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。根据后文“rapid population growth”（面临人口快速增长）可知，facing（面临）与“cities”为主谓关系，用现在分词形式符合“城市正面临的现状”的语境。故选BD。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：世界各地的城市正面临着人口的快速增长，而且很可能会成为受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。根据后文“to be among the areas that are worst hit by climate change.”可知，此处表达“城市有可能成为受气候变化影响最严重的地区”，be likely to do sth.（有可能做某事）符合对未来趋势的预测。故选B。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意：在人类历史的大部分时间里，农村人口都多于城市人口，然而，直到最近十年左右，这种比例才发生了逆转，如今世界上大多数人口都居住在城市地区，而且这一趋势预计还会进一步加快。前句 “rural population was greater than those of...”中，rural（农村的）与 cities（城市）形成人口对比，指代“城市人口”，符合“人类历史上农村人口曾多于城市人口”的事实。故选CD。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：在人类历史的大部分时间里，农村人口都多于城市人口，然而，直到最近十年左右，这种平衡才发生了逆转，如今世界上大多数人口都居住在城市地区，而且这一趋势预计还会进一步加快。根据上文“ For most of human history, the rural population was greater than those of 8 , ”和下文“ with most of the world’s populations now living in urban centers”可知，此处指人口分布的平衡状态，balance（平衡）符合“农村人口向城市转移”的语境。故选BC。 (10)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：在人类历史的大部分时间里，农村人口都多于城市人口，然而，直到最近十年左右，这种比例才发生了逆转，如今世界上大多数人口都居住在城市地区，而且这一趋势预计还会进一步加快。此处与前文“most people now live in urban centers”形成递进，表达“城市化趋势预计会进一步加速”，be expected to do sth.（预计会做某事），符合对未来人口流动趋势的预测。故选AC。 （十三） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. hold back   B. torn   C. tempt   D. literally   E. in terms of F. fascinating   G. process   H. stick to   I. dramatically   J. appointments   K. maintain 1. After the inspiring lecture, the student promised to his study plan and not be distracted by video games. 2. The documentary about deep-sea creatures was so that it aroused my interest in marine biology. 3. She felt between her desire to travel the world and her responsibility to care for her family. 4. The new high-speed railway has reduced the travel time between the two major cities. 5. Learning a new language is a gradual that requires consistent practice and patience. 6. The delicious smell of fresh bread from the bakery was enough to anyone passing by. 7. The manager’s schedule is full today, as he has several important with clients. 8. Don’t let fear you from pursuing your dreams; take that first step with courage. 9. After turning forty, John found it increasingly difficult to a healthy weight. 10. This new model is a significant improvement energy efficiency and user experience. 【答案】1. H 2. F 3. B 4. I 5. G 6. C 7. J 8. A 9. K 10. E 【解析】(1)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：在这场鼓舞人心的讲座后，这名学生承诺会坚持自己的学习计划，不被电子游戏分散注意力。根据“promised to”以及“his study plan and not be distracted”可知，此处应是动词短语原形stick to，意为“坚持”。故选H。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：这部关于深海生物的纪录片非常吸引人，唤起了我对海洋生物学的兴趣。根据“it aroused my interest”可知，此处应是形容词fascinating作定语，意为“吸引人的”。故选F。 (3)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：她在环游世界的渴望和照顾家人的责任之间左右为难。根据“between her desire to travel the world and her responsibility”可知，此处应是形容词torn作表语，构成feel torn between... and...的固定搭配，意为“在……之间左右为难”。故选B。 (4)题解析： 考查副词。句意：新的高铁极大地缩短了两座主要城市之间的旅行时间。根据“reduced the travel time”可知，此处应是副词dramatically做状语，意为“显著地”。故选I。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：学习一门新语言是一个渐进的过程，需要持续的练习和耐心。根据“a gradual” 及“requires consistent practice”可知，此处应是名词单数形式process，意为“过程”。故选G。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：面包店新鲜面包的美味香气足以诱惑任何路过的人。根据“The delicious smell of fresh bread”以及“was enough to”可知，此处应是动词原形tempt，意为“诱惑”。故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：经理今天的日程排满了，因为他有几个和客户的重要预约。根据“schedule is full”以及“several important ____ with clients”可知，此处应是名词复数appointments作宾语，意为“预约”。故选J。 (8)题解析： 考查动词短语。句意：不要让恐惧阻碍你追求梦想；勇敢地迈出第一步。根据“let fear ____ you from pursuing your dreams”以及“take that first step with courage”可知，此处应是动词短语原形hold back，意为“阻碍”。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查动词。句意：四十岁之后，约翰发现维持健康的体重越来越难。根据“found it increasingly difficult to”以及“a healthy weight”可知，此处应是动词原形maintain，意为“维持”。故选K。 (10)题解析： 考查介词短语。句意：这款新型号在能效和用户体验方面有显著提升。根据“a significant improvement ____ energy efficiency and user experience”可知，此处应是介词短语in terms of，意为 “在……方面”。故选E。 （十四） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. concerns   B. adopted   C. breathtakingly   D. practices   E. rewards   F. seeking G. measured   H. worsening   I. reduce   J. containers   K. particularly Door-to-door food delivery service has become increasingly popular in cities due to the fast development of online shopping and the busy life in China. As food delivery is extremely common in China, it creates large amounts of waste due to the plastic 1 , bags, and chopsticks that come with each order. This in turn has contributed to great environmental 2 for the waste packaging materials. We have therefore 3 the amount of food delivery packaging waste in China. The results show that the total amount of packaging waste rose from 0.2 million metric tons in 2015 to 1.5 million metric tons in 2020. Over-packaging has been a big headache, adding pressure to our 4 environment. The food delivery packaging is not the fancier, the better. Instead, it is the more environment-friendly, the better. Therefore, it is high time that regulations were 5 to stop restaurants and companies from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping. Also, smart policy suggestions should be provided to handle the pressing issues, 6 using the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) environment-friendly 7 . As the largest city in China, Shanghai has an important role in creating and 8 an efficient solution to the problem of waste. With over 24 million people living in Shanghai, materials sustainability (可持续性), particularly that of plastics, is a big problem. For example, delivery companies like Saucepan have begun to 9 the plastic usage of the food delivery in Shanghai by using biodegradable (可降解的) packaging in the delivery process. Besides, it encourages customers to recycle their plastic bags and 10 them for every 10 used bags that they return to the company. 【答案】1. J 2. A 3. G 4. H 5. B 6. K 7. D 8. F 9. I 10. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是随着外卖行业在中国迅速发展，塑料包装废弃物激增，加剧环境压力。以上海为例，部分企业已开始使用可降解包装并奖励回收，探索可持续解决方案。 (1)题解析： 考查名词。句意：由于外卖在中国极为普遍，每份订单附带的塑料容器、袋子和筷子产生了大量垃圾。由“bags, and chopsticks that come with each order”可知，此处表示“每份订单附带的塑料容器、袋子和筷子”，空格处意为“容器”，是container，要用复数，故选J。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：这进而引发了对废弃包装材料巨大的环境担忧。由“for the waste packaging materials”可知，此处表示“环境担忧”，空格处意为“担忧”，是concern，要用复数，故选A。 (3)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：因此，我们测量了中国外卖包装垃圾的数量。由下文“The results show that the total amount of packaging waste rose from① 0.2 million metric tons in 2015 to② 1.5 million metric tons in 2020”可知，此处表示“我们测量了中国外卖包装垃圾的数量”，空格处意为“测量”，是measure，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故选G。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：过度包装一直是个令人头疼的大问题，给我们日益恶化的环境增添了压力。由“environment”可知，此处表示“日益恶化的环境”，空格处意为“日益恶化的”，是worsening。故选H。 (5)题解析： 考查被动语态。句意：因此，是时候出台相关法规，阻止餐馆和公司在不必要的包装和包裹上过度投入了。由下文“to stop restaurants and companies from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping”可知，此处表示“采用相关法规”，空格处意为“采用”，是adopt，法规是被采用，句子用被动语态，因此空格处用过去分词，故选B。 (6)题解析： 考查副词。句意：此外，还应提供明智的政策建议来处理这些紧迫问题，特别是采用“减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法。由下文“using the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”可知，此处表示“特别是采用“减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法”，空格处意为“特别”，是particularly，故选K。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：此外，还应提供明智的政策建议来处理这些紧迫问题，特别是采用“减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法。由上文“Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”可知，此处表示““减量化、再利用、再循环”（3R）环保做法”，空格处意为“做法”，是practice，由Reduce, Reuse and Recycle可知，空格处用复数，故选D。 (8)题解析： 考查动名词。句意：作为中国最大的城市，上海在创造并寻求解决垃圾问题的有效方案方面发挥着重要作用。由下文“an efficient solution”可知，此处表示“寻求解决垃圾问题的有效方案”，空格处意为“寻求”，是seek，用动名词作宾语，故选F。 (9)题解析： 考查不定式。句意：例如，像Saucepan这样的配送公司已经开始通过在配送过程中使用可降解包装来减少上海食品配送的塑料使用量。由下文“the plastic usage of the food delivery in Shanghai by using biodegradable (可降解的) packaging in the delivery process”可知，此处表示“减少塑料使用量”，空格处意为“减少”，是reduce。begin to do是固定短语，意为“开始做某事”，因此reduce用原形，故选I。 (10)题解析： 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，该公司还鼓励顾客回收塑料袋，顾客每向公司退回10个用过的袋子，就会得到奖励。由“them for every 10 used bags”可知，此处表示“奖励顾客”，空格处意为“奖励”，是reward，和encourages并列，用第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，故选E。 （一） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. date   B. further    C. production    D. flexibility    E. master   F. launch G. simply   H. created    I. traditional    J. revolutionised    K. enabled Back in the last century self-study used to mean trying to learn from books. Then as technology moved on, electric products 1 the way people learn a language. Audio cassettes 2 people to practise listening; videos provided a vivid cultural environment of the language; computers made interactivity possible; and the 3 of the Windows 95 operating system opened the door to full multimedia programs that could offer more than what the traditional materials could do. Today technology has moved on 4 . The Internet has served as a communication centre. The general use of email has 5 new opportunities for teachers to assist learning at a distance, which has an impact on 6 learning structures. As you can make more and more progress on your own, the role of the teacher is then free to concentrate on the more important aspects: motivation and 7 of language in speech or writing. The latest development is a direct email link from self-study CD-ROMs to an online teacher. Now you can get personal one-to-one tuition from any multimedia PC with an Internet connection. When you need more help, you 8 email the tutor. The tutor will know which course you are following and your results to 9 so he is able to provide good, relevant advice. All you do is buy the CD-ROM at a normal price and then get additional tuition as you feel the need. So the self-study becomes distance learning with all its advantages of 10 and low cost. 【答案】1. J 2. K 3. F 4. B 5. H 6. I 7. C 8. G 9. A 10. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍科技发展对自学方式的变革，从传统书籍到电子产品，再到互联网和在线辅导，凸显科技带来的便捷与优势。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：后来随着科技的发展，电子产品彻底改变了人们学习语言的方式。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合前文“过去自学靠书籍”与后文“磁带、视频等助力学习”的对比，电子产品改变了学习方式，revolutionised意为“彻底改变”，符合语境。故选J。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：录音磁带使人们能够练习听力；视频提供了生动的语言文化环境。空格处需填动词作谓语，“enable sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”，结合时态（一般过去时），enabled符合“磁带让练习听力成为可能”的逻辑。故选K。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：Windows 95操作系统的推出为完整的多媒体程序打开了大门，其功能远超传统材料。空格处需填名词，作主语，“the launch of”表示“……的推出”，操作系统的推出是多媒体程序发展的契机，launch意为“推出，发布”，符合语境。故选F。 (4)题解析： 考查副词。句意：如今科技进一步发展。空格处需填副词修饰moved on，前文介绍了上世纪科技对学习的影响，此处指现在科技有了更进一步的发展，further意为“进一步地”，符合语境。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查动词。句意：电子邮件的普遍使用为教师提供了远程辅助学习的新机会。空格处需填动词作谓语，“create new opportunities”表示“创造新机会”，电子邮件的普及带来了远程教学的新可能，created意为“创造”，符合语境。故选H。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：这对传统的学习模式产生了影响。空格处需填形容词修饰learning structures，前文提到远程辅助学习，与传统学习模式形成对比，traditional意为“传统的”，符合语境。故选I。 (7)题解析： 考查名词。句意：教师的角色可以专注于更重要的方面：学习动力和语言在口语或写作中的输出。空格处需填名词，与motivation（动力）并列，“production of language”表示“语言的输出（即运用、表达）”，符合教师指导的核心内容。故选C。 (8)题解析： 考查副词。句意：当你需要更多帮助时，只需给导师发电子邮件。空格处需填副词修饰动词email，结合“通过联网电脑就能获得一对一辅导”的便捷性，simply意为“仅仅，只需”，体现操作的简便，符合语境。故选G。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：导师会知道你正在学习的课程和你目前的学习进度，因此能够提供优质且相关的建议。空格处需填名词作宾语，“results to date”表示“迄今为止的结果/进度”，导师通过了解学员的学习进度提供针对性建议，date意为“日期，进度”，符合语境。故选A。 (10)题解析： 考查名词。句意：因此，自学变成了远程学习，兼具灵活性和低成本的优势。空格处需填名词作宾语，与low cost（低成本）并列，远程学习可根据自身需求安排，具有灵活性，flexibility意为“灵活性”，符合其优势特点。故选D。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海浦东新区·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. signal       B. experience     C.active          D. nearly        E.store        F. typical        G. keep          H. protection     I. survive        J. fairly          K.set         Some desert animals can 1 the summer heat and dryness because they are very unusual. The camel, for example, can experience and bear an increase in the temperature of its body and its blood of 9℃ without anything bad happening to it. In addition, it can drink a lot of water at one time; then 2 enough water in parts of its body to supply its needs for two weeks or more. The kangaroo rat, on the other hand, gets all the water from its food . However, most animals need to maintain a 3 constant body temperature, and will die if it rises more than 5℃. Therefore, they need to find some way to stay away from the heat of the summer sun. Nor can many animals either store or produce water in their bodies, as the camel and kangaroo rat can. So they must find ways to 4 their bodies from losing water because of the heat. Because very few desert animals can survive the high temperature of a 5 summer’s day, most of them are 6 only in the night. The desert comes fully to life only after the Sun has 7 . The night is relatively cool, and the darkness provides 8 , not only from the Sun, but also from other animals and from the birds. So the coming of darkness is the 9 for the large majority of animals and insects to start again their search for water and food. When morning comes, most of them seek shelter again: many go underground; 10 all find some dark and cool places where they can keep away from the sun’s heat. 【答案】1. I 2. E 3. J 4. G 5. F 6. C 7. K 8. H 9. A 10. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些沙漠动物如何在高温和干燥的环境中生存，包括它们独特的身体机能和活动习性。 (1)题解析： 考查动词。句意：一些沙漠动物能在夏季的炎热和干燥中生存下来，因为它们非常特别。根据后文“the summer heat and dryness”以及语境可知，此处指动物能在夏季的炎热和干燥中生存下来，survive“生存”符合语境，且情态动词can后接动词原形。故选I项。 (2)题解析： 考查动词。句意：此外，它可以一次喝很多水；然后在身体的某些部位储存足够的水，以满足两周或更长时间的需要。根据后文“enough water in parts of its body to supply its needs for two weeks or more”可知，此处指在身体的某些部位储存足够的水，store“储存”符合语境，空前省略了“it can”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故选E项。 (3)题解析： 考查副词。句意：然而，大多数动物需要保持相当恒定的体温，如果体温上升超过5℃，它们就会死亡。根据后文“constant body temperature”可知，此处指保持相当恒定的体温，fairly“相当”符合语境，修饰形容词constant。故选J项。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：所以它们必须找到方法来阻止自己的身体不因炎热而失水。根据后文“their bodies from losing water because of the heat”可知，此处指阻止自己的身体不因炎热而失水，keep...from...“阻止……做……”符合语境，且上文为短语find ways to do sth.，应填动词原形。故选G项。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：因为很少有沙漠动物能在典型的夏日高温下生存，所以它们中的大多数只在夜间活动。根据后文“summer’s day”可知，此处指典型的夏日高温，typical“典型的”符合语境，作定语修饰名词summer’s day。故选F项。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：因为很少有沙漠动物能在典型的夏日高温下生存，所以它们中的大多数只在夜间活跃。根据后文“only in the night”可知，此处指大多数只在夜间活动，active“活跃的”符合语境，作表语。故选C项。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：只有在太阳下山后，沙漠才完全充满生机。根据上文“The desert comes fully to life only after the Sun has”以及后文“The night is relatively cool”可知，此处指太阳下山后，set“落下”符合语境，且上文为has后接过去分词构成现在完成时。故选K项。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意：夜晚相对凉爽，黑暗提供了保护，不仅免受太阳的伤害，还免受其他动物和鸟类的伤害。根据后文“not only from the Sun, but also from other animals and from the birds”可知，此处指黑暗提供了保护，protection“保护”符合语境，作宾语。故选H项。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：所以黑暗的到来是绝大多数动物和昆虫再次开始寻找水和食物的信号。根据后文“for the large majority of animals and insects to start again their search for water and food”可知，此处指黑暗的到来是绝大多数动物和昆虫再次开始寻找水和食物的信号，signal“信号”符合语境，作表语。故选A项。 (10)题解析： 考查副词。句意：早晨来临时，它们中的大多数又寻找庇护所：许多去地下；几乎所有都找到一些黑暗和凉爽的地方，在那里它们可以躲避太阳的热量。根据后文“all find some dark and cool places where they can keep away from the sun’s heat”可知，此处指几乎所有都找到一些黑暗和凉爽的地方，nearly“几乎”符合语境，修饰all。故选D项。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海甘泉外国语中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. maintained     B. breathtaking     C. tempted     D. ancient   E. panic F. respect     G. for fear of     H. context     I. in memory of       J. signalled   K. takeaways 1. Those hardworking people really deserve no matter what fields they are engaged in. 2. Proverbs generally do not express the meaning directly, but require the readers to understand from the or even culture. 3. Most of the drivers will if they see smoke coming out of the engine on the highway. 4. The house has views from every room, which is the reason for its high price. 5. He may not even drink water at night swallowing insects, possibly floating on the surface. 6. Nowadays, more and more people are being to sign up for Yoga classes, taking advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. 7. The group calls itself Black Thursday the 1929 stock market crash in the United States. 8. I found most of the buildings in Zhouzhuang the simple but beautiful architectural characteristics of the Qing Dynasty. 9. Among those who buy lunch, 40 percent eat in a restaurant and 20 percent order . 10. She to me with a quick, meaningful look. Then I knew which way to go. 【答案】1. F 2. H 3. E 4. B 5. G 6. C 7. I 8. A 9. K 10. J 【解析】(1)题解析： 考查名词。句意：那些勤奋努力的人无论从事何种行业，都理应得到尊重。根据“Those hardworking people really deserves”以及句意“尊重”可知应用名词respect，作宾语，不可数。故选F。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：谚语通常不会直接表达意思，而是需要读者从语境或甚至文化背景中去理解其含义。根据“or even culture.”以及句意“语境”可知应用名词context，作宾语，故选H。 (3)题解析： 考查动词。句意：大多数司机如果在高速公路上看到发动机冒出烟雾，都会惊慌失措。根据“if they see smoke coming out of the engine on the highway”以及句意“惊慌失措”可知应用动词panic，作谓语，will后跟动词原形。故选E。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：这座房子从任何房间都能欣赏到令人惊叹的美景，这就是它价格高昂的原因。根据“which is the reason for its high price”以及句意“令人惊叹的”可知应用形容词breathtaking，修饰名词views作定语。故选B。 (5)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：他甚至在夜间都不喝水，因为担心会吞下可能漂浮在水面上的昆虫。根据“swallowing insects possibly floating on the surface”以及句意“担心”可知应用for fear of，故选G。 (6)题解析： 考查动词。句意：如今，越来越多的人被吸引去报名参加瑜伽课程，他们正是看重其对健康和放松的诸多益处。根据“to sign up for Yoga classes, taking advantage of the health and relaxation benefits”以及句意“吸引”可知应用动词tempt，结合上文are being可知为现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。 (7)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：该团体自称为“黑色星期四”，以此来纪念1929年美国发生的股市崩盘事件。根据“the 1929 stock market crash in the United States”以及句意“纪念”可知应用in memory of，故选I。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：我发现周庄的大多数建筑都保留了清朝时期那种简约而优美的建筑风格。根据“the simple but beautiful architecture characteristics of the Qing Dynasty”以及句意“保留”可知应用动词maintain，根据上文found可知为一般过去时。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：在那些自己购买午餐的人群中，40%的人会在餐馆就餐，而20%的人会选择外卖。根据“40 percent cat in a restaurant and 20 percent order”以及句意“外卖”可知应用名词takeaway，数量大于一用复数形式。故选K。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：她用一个迅速而意味深长的眼神向我示意。随后我就明白了该走哪条路了。根据“Then I knew which way to go.”以及句意“示意”可知应用动词signal，根据后文knew可知为一般过去时。故选J。 （四） （25-26高一上·上海青浦高级中学·期中）Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. winning       B. attraction       C. signal       D. relevantly E. desire       F. pleasant       G. driven       H. practical I. dramatically     J. comments     K. limitations In a world that prefers beauty, why are we 1 fascinated with ugly-looking pets, particularly dogs, with exaggerated features? There’s been a pet model change — perfection is out, and droopy (耷拉的) eyes are in. What’s going on? First, we must understand our 2 to cuteness. Human babies are pretty helpless, so there had to be an evolutionary adaptation (进化性适应机制) to ensure we looked after them. According to Konrad Lorenz’s theory, baby’s features like big eyes, big heads and soft bodies lead to a 3 to protect our children. When animals have similar features, we think they 4 “a need for our companionship or care,” causing “the rush of warm emotion that is the cuteness response,” says Joshua Dale, co-editor of The Aesthetics and Affects of Cuteness. During the Victorian era, dog shows were popular, and with them came selective breeding (繁殖) for cuteness rather than health or 5 value. This led to a rise in flat-faced breeds (品种) with flat noses and bulging eyes like bulldogs and pugs — a reminder that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. These breeds continue to be 6 favorites among many people today. The French Bulldog became the most popular dog in the US in 2022. Rowena Parker, lecturer at the Royal Veterinary College in the UK, believes this is partly 7 by social media influencers. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable,” she says. Despite the growing love for these dogs, some make negative 8 — many flat-faced breeds suffer from breathing difficulties and skin infections. Without 9 , dog breeding can give rise to ethical issues. A proof that we start a new chapter of dog preference is the World’s Ugliest Dog Contest, held in California since the 1970s. In a bunch of dogs with uneven ears and broken teeth, which one will be the lovely little favorite 10 us over this year? 【答案】1. I 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. H 6. F 7. G 8. J 9. K 10. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过进化心理学和犬类育种史，揭示了现代人痴迷“丑萌”犬种的动因，同时警示了这种带有偏好性的育种的伦理风险。 (1)题解析： 考查副词。句意：在这个崇尚美的世界里，为什么我们会戏剧性地着迷于长相丑陋的宠物，尤其是那些拥有夸张特征的狗？空处修饰形容词fascinated，结合下文的“droopy (耷拉的) eyes are in”可推知，I项dramatically“戏剧性地”符合题意，表示“戏剧性地着迷于长相丑陋的宠物”。故选I。 (2)题解析： 考查名词。句意：首先，我们必须了解可爱对我们的吸引力。空处作understand的宾语，结合“to cuteness”可推知，B项attraction“吸引力”符合题意，表示“可爱对我们的吸引力”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：根据Konrad Lorenz的理论，婴儿的特征，比如大眼睛、大头和柔软的身体，会让我们产生保护孩子的欲望。空处作lead to的宾语，结合“to protect our children”可推知，E项desire“欲望”符合题意，表示“保护孩子的欲望”。故选E。 (4)题解析： 考查动词。句意：当动物具有类似特征时，我们认为它们传递出“需要陪伴或照顾”的信号，从而引发“那种温暖情感的涌现，即可爱反应”，《可爱的美学与情感》的合编者Joshua Dale这样说道。空处作谓语，结合“When animals have similar features”可推知，C项signal“发信号，示意”符合题意，表示“传递出‘需要陪伴或照顾’的信号”。故选C。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：在维多利亚时代，犬展非常流行，随之而来的是为了追求可爱而非健康或实用价值的选择性育种。空处作修饰value的定语，结合“selective breeding (繁殖) for cuteness”可推知，H项practical“实用的”符合题意，表示“追求可爱而非健康或实用价值”。故选H。 (6)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：时至今日，这些品种仍是让许多人快乐的最爱。空处作修饰favorites的定语，结合“These breeds”可推知，F项pleasant“令人愉快的”符合题意，表示“让许多人快乐的最爱”。故选F。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：英国皇家兽医学院讲师Rowena Parker认为，这在一定程度上是受社交媒体影响者驱动的。空处和is构成谓语，结合“by social media influencers”可推知，G项driven“驱动，驱使”符合题意，表示“受社交媒体影响者驱动”。故选G。 (8)题解析： 考查名词。句意：尽管对这些狗的爱与日俱增，也有人提出负面评论——许多扁脸犬种都患有呼吸困难和皮肤感染等问题。空处作make的宾语，结合“many flat-faced breeds suffer from breathing difficulties and skin infections”可推知，J项comments“评论”符合题意，表示“提出负面评论”。故选J。 (9)题解析： 考查名词。句意：如果没有限制，犬类育种可能会引发伦理问题。空处作Without的宾语，结合“dog breeding can give rise to ethical issues”可推知，K项limitations“限制”符合题意，表示“如果没有限制”。故选K。 (10)题解析： 考查动词。句意：在一群耳朵不对称、牙齿残缺的狗中，今年哪只会赢得我们的喜爱，成为可爱的小冠军呢？句子主干成分完整，结合“us over”可推知，A项winning“赢得”符合题意，现在分词作后置定语，表示“赢得我们的喜爱”。故选A。 （五） （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. possess   B. adapting   C. backward   D. patterns   E. transfer   F. superiority G. complicated   H. tongue   I. influence   J. series   K. reflecting Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no underlying 1 of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic rank among languages. People once thought of the languages of 2 groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a 3 of grunts and groans, it is a fact established, by the study of“underdeveloped” languages that no spoken 4 answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the 5 of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound 6 or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, 7 the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to 8 the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and 9 them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “underdeveloped” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and 10 . This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank. 【答案】1. F 2. C 3. J 4. H 5. E 6. D 7. K 8. A 9. B 10. G 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了文化无优劣之分，同时以语言为切入点，阐明所谓 “落后群体” 的语言并非原始粗陋，而是具备复杂精妙的体系。 (1)题解析： 考查名词。句意：对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在的优越性，就像对于专业的语言学家来说，语言之间没有内在的等级之分。空处作there be句型的主语，结合“no intrinsic rank among languages”可知，此处对应“等级”，强调文化无优劣差异，名词 superiority“优越性；优势”符合题意。故选F。 (2)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：人们曾经认为落后群体的语言是原始、不发达的言语形式，主要由咕哝声和呻吟声构成。空处修饰名词groups，结合前文“however savage, underdeveloped”及后文“savage, underdeveloped forms of speech”可知，此处指被认为落后的群体，形容词backward“落后的；发展迟缓的”符合题意。故选C。 (3)题解析： 考查名词。句意：虽然语言总体上可能起源于一系列的咕哝声和呻吟声，但通过对“不发达”语言的研究可以确定，如今没有任何一种口语符合这种描述。此处为固定搭配a series of，意为“一系列”，结合语境，语言最初可能由一连串简单声音构成，名词series“一系列；连续”符合题意。故选J。 (4)题解析： 考查名词。句意：虽然语言总体上可能起源于一系列的咕哝声和呻吟声，但通过对“不发达”语言的研究可以确定，如今没有任何一种口语符合这种描述。空处前有形容词spoken修饰，结合前文“the languages”“forms of speech”可知，此处特指口语，名词tongue“语言”符合题意。故选H。 (5)题解析： 考查名词。句意：按照我们最严格的标准，未开化群体的大多数语言都是极其复杂、精妙且独特的思想传递工具。空处作介词for的宾语，结合“pieces of machinery”和“ideas”可知，语言是传递思想的工具，名词transfer“传递；转移”符合题意。故选E。 (6)题解析： 考查名词。句意：它们落后于我们西方语言的，不在于其发音模式或语法结构 —— 这些通常完全能满足所有语言需求，而仅在于其词汇量，而词汇量反映了使用者所熟知的事物和活动。空处与“grammatical structures”并列，指语言的构成要素，结合“sound”可知，此处指发音模式，名词patterns“模式；样式” 符合题意。故选D。 (7)题解析： 考查动词。句意：它们落后于我们西方语言的，不在于其发音模式或语法结构 —— 这些通常完全能满足所有语言需求，而仅在于其词汇量，而词汇量反映了使用者所熟知的事物和活动。结合语境，词汇能够反映使用者的认知范围，动 reflect“反映；体现”符合题意，空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语vocabularies与动词之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故选K。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：所有语言似乎都具备扩充词汇的机制，要么通过组合已有的词汇，要么从其他语言中借用词汇并使其融入自身的语言体系。seem to后接动词原形，结合“the machinery for vocabulary expansion”可知，语言都拥有扩充词汇的机制，动词possess“拥有；具备”符合题意。故选A。 (9)题解析： 考查动词。句意：所有语言似乎都具备扩充词汇的机制，要么通过组合已有的词汇，要么从其他语言中借用词汇并使其融入自身的语言体系。空处与borrowing并列，作介词by的宾语，结合“to their own system”可知，借用词汇后要使其适应自身语言体系，动词adapting“使适应；改编”符合题意。故选B。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：在 “不发达” 的语言中，需要命名和区分的事物与活动，虽然与我们的不同，但数量之多、复杂程度之高往往令人惊讶。空处与numerous并列，修饰objects and activities，结合前文“extremely complex”及语境，这些事物和活动往往十分复杂，形容词complicated“复杂的；难懂的”符合题意。故选G。 （六） （25-26高一上·上海甘泉外国语中学·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and complete it by using the words in the box. Each choice can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. inspired   B. react   C. tracked   D. necessarily   E. disasters   F. analyzed G. positive   H. po$ 专题10 选词填空 （一） （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. encouraged   B. endangered   C. globe   D. individual   E. initiatives F. inspiring   G. originally   H. sustainable   I. symbolizing   J. tirelessly   K. updates The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an organization that needs little introduction. Its iconic panda logo is known worldwide, 1 its commitment to preserving the earth’s natural environment. Currently, WWF is involved in numerous projects across the 2 each designed with a unique goal in mind — to protect the world’s most vulnerable species and ecosystems. WWF works 3 to improve the quality of life for both humans and animals, recognizing that our fates are closely connected. It partners with local communities, businesses, and governments to develop and implement strategies for 4 living and biodiversity conservation. Through these partnerships, WWF helps create a future where humans live in harmony with nature. Education plays a key role in WWF’s work. By 5 young minds about the importance of conservation, they cultivate a generation ready to take positive action for our planet. Schools and educators are 6 to make use of WWF’s educational resources, providing a wealth of knowledge and tips for a greener lifestyle. One notable aspect of WWF’s operation is its transparency (透明). They schedule regular 7 on their projects, maintaining open communication with their supporters and the public. Annual conferences bring together experts from various fields to discuss progress, share ideas, and plan for future 8 . At the heart of WWF’s work is the belief that every 9 can help with the welfare of our planet. The organization is committed to delivering results — from saving 10 species, protecting rainforests, to reducing carbon emissions. WWF shows us that each action, no matter how small, can make a significant difference in the world. （二） （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assignment        B. timetable       C. expectation       D. behaviors       E. distant       F. harsh G. confident     H. usual       I. regretful        J. achieve            K. reflect School Life in the UK Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school 1 in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than 2 , as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students went to attend an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Dianne. We soon became best friends. During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. We should mind our 3 based on the rules. He also told us that the best way to live up to our parents’ 4 was to work hard and 5 high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. He told us that the more 6 we are, the more easily we can succeed. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke -I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. She asked us to 7 before we decide. In our class, there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found that the 8 was not as beavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first. I felt lucky, as almost all of my teachers gave me much encouragement, although a few make 9 comments on my essays. I would never be 10 for studying in this school. （三） （25-26高一上·上海领科双语学校·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. published       B. changed       C. answer       D. stayed        E. independent       F. spelling G. expression   H. actually       I. written     J. borrowing   K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick 1 to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an 2 country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America 3 the same, while the language in England 4 . For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the 5 “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started 6 words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster 7 the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the 8 of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, 9 English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become 10 popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. （四） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. There is one word more than you will need. A. violent   B. strength   C. humanity   D. grew   E. constantly   F. disagreement   G. intelligent   H. Strangely I. independent   J. remembered   K. popularity Olympic Sports have changed a lot in the last few thousand years. The ancient games began with just one 192-meter race. In the later years, the game 1 to include a total of six sports. Most of the ancient Olympic sports tested skills soldiers needed. These include races where runners wore fighting equipment and the pankration (搏击) — a 2 sport with few rules. Even the modern Olympics were once far smaller than they are today. The first of the modern games, in 1896, only had 241 athletes from 14 countries. Moreover, the early modern Olympics were not a(n) 3 event. Until 1908, the Olympics were part of the world’s fair! At the first modern Olympics, there were 43 events from ten sports. Many of the sports from the early modern games are no longer part of the Olympics. There has always been a lot of 4 over changing Olympic sports. Critics say that the modern games have become more of a(n) 5 contest than an athletic competition. The number of Olympic sports has 6 increased throughout history. At the Beijing Olympic Games, athletes competed in 302 events from 28 sports. Even with all the changes, the games still celebrate the best 7 it has to offer. Some ancient champions became so famous that the things they did are still 8 today. Milo was one of the most famous athletes in the ancient world. He won six Olympic wrestling championships and was famous for his great 9 . One story tells of Milo holding up a collapsing roof while the people inside ran to safety. The boxer Melankomas was known for his good looks. 10 , Melankomas never hit, or was hit by another fighter. He always avoided his opponents until they were too tired and frustrated to fight anymore. （五） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. There is one word more than you will need. A. attributes   B. prospect   C. symptoms   D. inherit   E. guilty   F. agreement   G. conflict   H. motivate I. flexible   J. devotion   K. varied 1. He his success to hard work. 2. The two parties didn’t reach an on any issues. 3. The doctor made his diagnosis after studying the patients’ . 4. Our plans need to be enough to cater to the needs of everyone. 5. As a soldier, he showed selfless to duty. 6. I see little of an improvement in his condition. 7. He had no sense of shame and never felt . 8. A good teacher is one that can his students. 9. These results with earlier findings. 10. The two children both left-handedness from their parents. （六） （25-26高一上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. issue     B. engaging     C. panicking     D. reminded     E. addressing     AB. mirror     AC. cure AD. rooted     AE. stress     BC. informed     BD. schedule Why You Still Have Stress Dreams about School It’s the morning of your big exam. But you’re 1 because you haven’t been to a single class all semester. Thankfully, it’s just a dream. But why those dreams, even after your graduation? Dr. Alex Dimitriu, a sleep medicine doctor, says that such dreams may 2 stress in your day-to-day life. But dreaming specifically about feeling unprepared at school might be 3 in similar memories during formative school years in people’s lives. Another explanation is that people may be 4 of school based on the time of year. For instance, the end of August and beginning of September may bring back vivid memories or dreams of school, since that’s when the academic year starts. These types of dreams are so common that having them occasionally isn’t typically something to be concerned about. But if you’ re having them a lot, that could be a sign of another 5 , such as having too much stress in your life. Dimitriu recommends that people try 6 that stress either by making a change in their life to eliminate it or finding ways to cope with it. Some people may also have such dreams because of poor sleep habits, Dimitriu says. He advocates that people go to bed and wake up at roughly the same time each day, 7 some time to relax before bed and avoid eating large meals before going to sleep. “The human brain can’t go from 100 miles per hour to zero in 20 minutes,” he says. “I tell all my patients to turn tech off at 10—no screens, no emails for work, none of that. If you’ re even Amazon shopping right before bed, it’s too 8 , and that gets your brain active a little bit when your brain really needs to slow down.” He suggests that people try journaling to help process anything bothering them, which may also make them feel more prepared and can be a (n) 9 for stress dreams—like the one where you forget to show up for your final. Stress dreams are “a reminder to concentrate on relaxing, and a reminder to focus on sleep,” Dimitriu says. “I cannot 10 enough how important sleep is.” （七） （25-26高一上·上海第四中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. nervous   B. ability   C. gesture   D. rooted   E. overcome   F. trapped G. blank   H. imaginative   I. successful   J. cross   K. hit You’re making a PowerPoint presentation to a group of professors, for which you have stayed overnight. Even though your knees knock together, you try really hard to pretend to be confident on the site. All of a sudden, however, your mind goes 1 , for one of the professors shoots a glance at you, and he whispers something to another professor beside him. All kinds of questions 2 your mind at the same time. Did I say something wrong? Am I making a bad impression? Such uncomfortable feelings totally 3 you. If you once found yourself 4 in this nightmare situation, you fit the typical model of a shy person. Shy people, as many experts define in their studies, usually fall victim to what is simply a careless glance or a meaningless 5 What’s more, because of their low self-judgement 6 deeply in their mind, they often cannot take friendly comments like “If you are not so 7 , you’ll make a better performance.” But being shy doesn’t necessarily mean being lacking in 8 or competence. Rather, many shy people are capable professionals. And what distinguishes between a(n) 9 communicator and a shy sharer is just that the latter needs to build up his self-confidence. Despite the terrible situations shy people are usually involved in, there’s definitely hope for them. According to experts, 40 percent of the shy population can finally 10 shyness if given enough encouragement and support. （八） （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words or phrases. Each word or phrase can be used only once. Note that there is one more word or phrase than needed. make a difference   end up   compare ... with   name after be alive with   pay little regard to   for the purpose of 1. The tropical forest at night strange calls and the rustling of unseen creatures. 2. The street a national hero to honor his great contributions. 3. After graduating in 2010, he unexpectedly working in a completely different field a year later. 4. Switching to reusable bags is a small way for everyone for our planet. 5. A special fund was established protecting endangered species. 6. The city planners the need for green spaces since the rapid urbanization a decade ago. （九） （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. attempt   B. risk   C. potentially   D. torn   E. regard F. estimated   G. lengths   H. commonly   I. overlook   J. obtained   K. tackle Fake weight-loss products seized in raid (突击检查) on factory A factory in Northampton manufacturing fake weight-loss shots has been raided and 1 down by a government agency. Retatrutide, an experimental drug developed by the US drug-maker Eli Lilly, is unlicensed in Britain. Tirzepatide, more 2 known under its brand name Mounjaro, is available on the National Health Service (NHS) for weight-loss for patients who fulfil certain criteria. The site, on an industrial estate on the outskirts of Northampton, is believed to have been used for the large-scale manufacture, packaging and distribution of unlicensed — and 3 deadly — weight loss products. The street value of the finished products found in the factory is 4 to be more than £250,000. The MHRA said the two-day search operation was the latest in their work to 5 the illegal trade in weight loss medicines. Wes Streeting, the secretary of state for health and social care, said the raid was a“victory in the fight against the shameless criminals who are putting lives at 6 by selling dangerous and illegal weight loss shots to make a quick buck”. “These unregulated products, made with no 7 for safety or quality, posed a major risk to unknowing customers. My message is clear: don’t buy weight loss medications from unregulated sources. Talk to your doctor, seek professional advice and don’t line the pockets of criminals who 8 your health.” Andy Morling, head of the MHRA’s criminal enforcement unit, said: “This seizure shows the 9 these criminals will go to for profit. Prescription medicines should only be 10 from a registered pharmacy against a prescription issued by a healthcare professional.” （一） （25-26高一上·上海建平中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. bless   B. global   C. headed   D. independent   E. matches   F. noticed G. obvious   H. remains   I. reputation   J. restored   K. value Marseille: the City of 100 neighborhoods “Come to Marseille (马赛). It’s not like other French cities. It’s cool and the weather is hot,” my French friend Pierre Picard said on the phone, referencing both its fashionable urban character and the 300 days of sunshine that 1 the city each year. At his invitation, I set forth on the journey to France’s second largest city. Despite giving its name to the French national anthem (国歌) —“La Marseille” — it’s a city with a 2 of being distinct from the rest of the country. Among its residents are waves of migrants who arrived over 2,500 years of recorded history, making it not just France’s oldest city but its most multicultural one as well. The story begins with the ancient Greeks, who recognized the 3 of the deep-water port. They settled in what is now Le Panier, Marseille’s oldest district overlooking the Vieux Port. Six centuries as a(n) 4 Greek city ended when the armies of Caesar (凯撒) came crashing in, claiming the city for Rome in 49 B. C. E. In the 9th century, the city was taken over by the Arabs. When France’s ambitions turned from region-oriented to 5 , Marseille enjoyed a golden age as the “Gate of Empire”. France’s navies and fortune-seekers set off from the Vieux Port to North African and American colonies as well as Asia. But this was no one-way road. Everything landed in Marseille: people and culture. The historical traces were 6 when I walked along the Cours Belsince, a broad Boulevard (林荫大道). Here, the smell of Arab and Turkish food floated through the air with the comforting richness of home cooking. Trackside vendors sold African wood carvings and colourful headscarves. Although sea transportation has declined, the Vieux Port 7 the city’s focus. Its waters are dotted with yachts moving like swans on a lake. All roads seem to lead there, and anyone attempting to explore the city on foot inevitably ends up on the waterfront. To my mind, its view 8 the great harbours of the world, such as Sydney. To escape the heat, I 9 to the Plagedes Catalans. In the late-afternoon sun, the beach was soaked in an amber color. I walked past a group playing volleyball. Several locals were sunbathing and gossiping. It was here that I belatedly (延迟地) 10 Marseille’s “Frenchness.” I recalled one of Pierre’s lunchtime jokes: “If you come to France and you don’t come to Marseille, you won’t see France.” He had a point: The city is just another expression of a country more diverse than it often likes to admit. （二） （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words and phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need. A. packages       B. labelled       C. transports       D. facilities       E. recycled       F. established G. contain       H. is celebrated as       I. play host to       J. food for thought       K. pay regard to 1. The Battle at Lake Changjin is a huge box office hit, which the audience to a time when the People’s Volunteer Army courageously fought in freezing cold to resist US aggression and aid Korea. 2. When Sarah’s boyfriend surprised her with a marriage proposal during a romantic dinner, she couldn’t her excitement, and her face lit up with joy as she said yes. 3. The speech of the Nobel Prize winner offers much , inspiring younger generation of researchers to forge ahead in their chosen academic field. 4. The family-owned bakery has been a(n) business in the neighborhood for over three decades, known for its delicious pastries and warm, friendly service. 5. Reusable cups, which are and put back into use again after being sanitized, will be offered to tourists in Udo Island, South Korea to protect the local environment. 6. It is essential to the opinions and suggestions of your team members to foster a collaborative and productive work environment. 7. Senator Jeff Flake, an adventurous politician, went on a four-day Robinson Crusoe style holiday with his two sons in the island of Biggarenn, where no basic were offered. 8. Cigarette makers are determined to make money from wallets of those who live in poor countries by promoting goods by the WHO as dangerous to health. 9. Stratford-upon-Avon the birthplace of the famous playwright William Shakespeare, attracting many visitors every year. 10. China’s tourism officials are expecting to reverse the trend of declining overseas visitors in 2020 — possible, experts say, if it revises its outdated tour and lowers ticket prices. （三） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. backward       B. discipline       C. evoked       D. enclose       AB. feature AC. frequented       AD. gesture       BC. head-on       BD. identical       CD. imitated ABC. inferior                            1. The music memories of her youth. 2. I want to this picture of us in front of the Grand Canyon with the letter to Mary, but it’s a little out of focus. 3. They sent some flowers as a(n) of sympathy to the parents of the injured child. 4. Round-the-clock services and cheap prices this convenience store. 5. English learning is a(n) battle for senior-one students, requiring hard efforts and determination to sustain the efforts. 6. Though greeted with laughter initially, her style of painting was soon acknowledged and by contemporary artists. 7. Don’t feel if your classmate solves the math problem faster; your approach may be different but feasible as well. 8. Textbooks for all the students in the same grade are , but each one’s book quickly becomes unique because of notes and doodles. 9. I appreciate my finishing the homework assigned by my teachers before playing — this is what we call self- . 10. He has a genuine affection for the stir-fried dishes (小炒) on the third floor of the school canteen, a place much by both students and teachers. （四） （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alternative       B. awareness       C. contributing       D. cap       AB. eliminate AC. embarrassed        AD. emissions       BC. exposed       BD. favored       CD. immediate ABC. present                           The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not 1 to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world’s most touristic areas. The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market crisis in the United States. Because of it, many households were forced to restrict their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 2 surroundings. At the same time, 3 of the environmental impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people — with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on introducing a tourist 4 . Staycation appears like a great solution for the challenges above mentioned. In fact, staying close to home will 5 the budget for accommodation and transport. Apart from the financial savings, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 6 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; instead, other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are 7 . This allows people’s carbon footprints not to increase as much as they would if long distances had been traveled. A staycation is a form of 8 tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 9 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy. There are no fully-booked days, and no rush to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time. Given the multiple advantages of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be 10 at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year. （五） （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address   B. awareness   C. role   D. bored   E. creative F. transported   G. developed   H. based   I. confirms   J. accounts   K. ingredients How big is the ecological footprint of your food? There is no doubt that eating les meat is good for our planet. However, if you’re not ready to give up meat entirely, how to make a more sustainable choice? Or have you ever thought about where the fish in your soup comes from? Or have you ever wondered how to reduce environmental impact of your meals? “We are what we eat!”, which 1 the important concept that food and humans are inseparable. Food is culture, a sense of identity and a personal preference. But globally, our food system 2 for roughly a quarter of man-made greenhouse gas emissions. That’s why we should rethink our food consumption and include “the good food for the planet Earth” into our next recipe. An expert from WWF Sweden (瑞典世界自然基金会) discussed the 3 of WWF at one meeting about future food. WWF Sweden aims to transform production and consumption of food to increase sustainability (可持续性). There are three interesting tools 4 by WWF Sweden that can help you to make the right choice on food consumption. “Our Planet Plate” is a campaign with which WWF of Sweden hopes to raise people’s 5 about the food consumption. Aiming to 6 the challenge of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5℃, WWF provides information on how much greenhouse gas a meal should release to achieve the goal. “WWF Food Calculator” is a tool that gives you an idea of how much greenhouse gas emissions your breakfast, lunch or dinner leads to. This tool can inform how much carbon dioxide is released from the 7 you use to cook. If you want to reach the goal of 1.5℃ emission reduction, you’re looking at having about 11kg of CO2 equivalent food per week. You do not have to be vegetarian to reach this goal, but you have to be 8 with your recipes. For instance, you could choose free-range (散养) meat or choose local fish over mass-produced meat or fish 9 in planes and ships all over the world. Initiated by SLU, a “Meat-Guide” has been introduced and expanded by WWF of Sweden since 2015. The Meat-Guide is 10 on five standards of climate, biodiversity, chemical pesticides, animal welfare and antibiotics. You can download the Meat-Guide app onto your phone and use it the next time you do your groceries. （六） （25-26高一上·上海川沙中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. confusion     B. inside     C. stayed     D. curious     E. common F. decreases     G. shock     H. freely     I. right     J. peace     K. safe You’ve seen them out there — well-fed cats, sometimes with collars on, walking slowly on the streets like they own them or lying in a lazy, relaxed position on a sidewalk in the warm sun. Cat lovers find them charming. Wildlife protectors and bird lovers see furry killers and blame them for the 1 in bird populations. How you feel about outdoor cats may also depend on where you are in the world. In the United States, about 81 percent of pet cats are kept 2 , according to a 2021 study. But elsewhere, it can be far more 3 to let them walk around. In Denmark, only 17 percent of cats are strictly indoor pets, according to the same study. In Türkiye, so many wild cats walk 4 in and out of cafes, restaurants and markets that a documentary was made about these outdoor animals. And in Britain, where the 2021 study found that 74 percent of cat owners let their pets roam outside, many cat charities advise pet owners on the best ways to keep cats 5 outdoors. The idea might come as a(n) 6 to many American cat owners, who often refuse to allow a person to adopt a cat once it is discovered that they are going to be keeping it outside. During much of the 20th century, most cats 7 outside, said David Grimm, author of Citizen Canine: Our Evolving Relationship With Cats and Dogs. The invention of kitty litter (猫砂) in 1947 made indoor cats more acceptable . But it was not until around the early 1990s that more Americans began bringing their cats indoors. At that time, they also worried that an outdoor cat was more likely to suffer from diseases. However, many owners have also felt conflicted about keeping a(n) 8 , restless creature inside. Some have trained their own cats to walk on leashes when they’re outside. Keeping them inside “didn’t feel 9 ,” said Mr. Grimm, “just like I wouldn’t keep my kids inside all day. We can only take so much animal out of them.” Trisha Brennan, who lives in Boston in the U. S., tried to keep her cat indoors at first. But he nipped shoes, pulled Ms. Brennan’s hair, and pounced (猛扑)so much that her teenage daughter locked herself in her room. “It’s an uneasy 10 that you make, having an outdoor cat,” Ms. Brennan said. （七） （25-26高一上·上海闵行中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. admired B. term C. blessed D. brief E. professionally F. buried G. recover H. typically I. marvelous J. point K. referred Art occurs in many forms: music, dance, painting, architecture, sculpture, cinema, and literature, among others. Works of art can make people feel moved, even to the 1 of tears. In the case of Stendhal syndrome (综合症状), however, this feeling is so intense that a person can experience a rapid heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, or fainting. It may even require hospitalization. In the Italian city of Florence, numerous visitors viewing the 2 Renaissance art there have experienced this and have required medical attention. Though not 3 recognized, this condition — now 4 to as Stendhal syndrome — does exist. While great art is found in every civilization, Florence has been especially 5 . A small city with a historical center, it is internationally 6 for its amazing concentration of Renaissance art. Florence in the 15th and 16th centuries attracted the talent of many geniuses: artists, scientists, and authors were welcomed here. Some of the greatest Western works of art can be found in Florence, such as the statue of David by Michelangelo, The Birth of Venus by Botticelli, and the frescoes (壁画) by Giotto in the Basilica of Santa Croce. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci left works here. Galileo Galilei and Niccolo Machiavelli are 7 here. The syndrome is named after Stendbal, a French author who visited Florence in 1817. He described his experience of being fascinated by the historic and artistic power of the city in one of his books. Though the 8 Stendhal syndrome was not coined until 1979 by Italian psychiatrist Graziella Magherini, the illness had already had a long history. Patients usually 9 within days of their attacks without any miracle drug other than rest and quiet. For them, the cost of viewing the power and beauty of Florence is a 10 trip to a hospital. （八） （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words and expressions to complete the passages. show confusion             deliver             get confused       context       refuse an offer signal        set foot on        feel torn            reflect        come to realize This is a story about how a foreigner 1 about a Mexican word even though she could speak fluent Spanish. It happened when she 2 Mexican soil for the first time. She asked an ice-cream seller for an ice-cream, and he said “ahorita.” She thought it would 3 immediately because the word can be directly translated to “right now.” But she waited for half an hour and still no ice-cream came. When she asked the seller about it, he said “ahorita” again, with his face 4 . She 5 between waiting and walking away. Finally, she had to go home, so she 6 to the seller that she could not wait any longer. Years later back in Mexico, she 7 that the meaning of “ahorita” changes according to its 8 . It could mean “tomorrow,” “within five years”, “never,” or even ”no, thanks“ when one wants to 9 . “Ahorita Time” is a 10 of different cultural understandings of time. That is, understanding “ahorita” takes not a fluency in the language, but a fluency in the culture. （九） （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. altered    B. bans    C. bridge    D. containers    E. contributed    F. cost    G. encouraging    H. list    I. marine    J. platforms    K. widening Food delivery apps are changing the way we eat It’s raining, it’s dinnertime, and the fridge is nearly empty. Years ago, we made do; today, we order food through our phones. Within twenty minutes, we get whatever it was we were craving, we’re warm and dry, and there’s not a single dish to wash afterward. Food delivery apps have 1 the landscape of how we eat, particularly in big cities. The industry is a complex machine; there’s Meituan, Eleme, Hema… the 2 goes on. These companies are expanding and changing at a rapid rate, bringing on the rise of virtual restaurants and ghost kitchens, and customers who will never step inside a brick-and-mortar shop (实体店). Of course, these apps bring all types of cuisines around the city to our fingertips, but it comes at a 3 . And one of the real environmental concerns lies in all that plastic and excess (过量的) food. In the U.S. alone, packaging accounts for 30 percent of municipal (市政的) solid waste. In 2017, that meant 80.1 million tons. Food delivery systems are likely 4 this huge number to rise. Durable materials like the plastics serveware is made from, are difficult to dispose of (处理). Restaurant delivery is a global phenomenon — as is the impact on the environment. Meituan, one of the leading Chinese delivery 5 , delivered 6.4 billion food orders in 2018. It is estimated that China 6 1.6 million tons of packaging waste (containers, utensils, plastic bags) in 2017, nine times more than in 2015. In the EU, University of Manchester researchers estimate, over two billion disposable takeaway 7 are used every year. Most of those are not recycled. According to the European Commission, packaging, which includes plastic utensils, plates, and straws, makes up 70% of all 8 pollution found in European seas. Plastic 9 , alternative packaging materials, and other efforts to cut down on waste are on the rise. Food delivery apps should, too, do their part to raise awareness for plastic pollution and 10 the gap between food waste and hunger. （十） （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfortunately       B. recycled       C. end       D. travelled       E. pollution       F. produces G.burned       H. stress       I. contains       J. locally       K. label It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a bigger environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has 1 a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO2, which causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that is; produced 2 . Secondly, we should eat less fast food. Due to its convenience, fast food has become very popular, but it is 3 very bad for the environment. The industry 4 a lot of waste: unnecessary packaging, along with other single-use plastics, is one big part of the problem. Most takeaway containers will probably 5 up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants to use 6 materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food that cause huge environmental 7 . For example, rainforests around the world are being 8 down to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations. To protect the rainforest, we should eat less beef and avoid food that 9 palm oil. 10 and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources in a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. （十一） （25-26高一上·上海黄浦区比乐中学·期中）Fill in each blank with a word or a phrase from the box in its proper form. Each can be used only once. Note that there is one more than you need. panic, turn out, consist of set foot on, without doubt, overcome. in ruins, participate in 1. Mr. Wang assigned the students to write poems, and it that they were highly imaginative. 2. It is common knowledge that carbon dioxide carbon and oxygen. 3. Mastering basic first-aid skills will prevent you from when something emergent happens. 4. Travel can be a scary thing, but most of the things we may fear about travel can easily . 5. , the forecast was completely wrong, which was his fault. 6. Any visitor will admire the greenery once he Singapore. （十二） （25-26高一上·上海黄浦区比乐中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. delivered   B. likely   C. causes   D. actually   AB. dramatic   AC. expected AD. encouraging   BC. balance   BD. facing   CD. cities   ABC. sparkly National governments neglecting development needs of cities National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with inadequate (不充足的) development policies, a new report has found. 1 , national governments are key to making cities more sustainable. However, only a quarter of the world’s governments have urban development policies at all. The report looks at the key measures of energy production, transport and waste management. For instance, 2 the use of electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can also have a huge effect, not just on greenhouse gas emissions but also on removing some of the key 3 of air pollution. Derik Broekhoff of the Stockholm Environment Institute, the lead author of the study, said: “Now is the time for national governments to put cities at the heart of their national development strategies (策略). Countries must consider what policies need to be 4 in order to ensure their countries and cities are prepared for the urbanization (城市化) and 5 climate challenges.” Cities around the world are 6 rapid population growth, and are 7 to be among the areas that are worst hit by climate change. For most of human history, the rural population was greater than those of 8 , and it is only in just over the last decade that this 9 has shifted, with most of the world’s populations now living in urban centers, a trend that is, 10 to speed up even further. （十三） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. hold back   B. torn   C. tempt   D. literally   E. in terms of F. fascinating   G. process   H. stick to   I. dramatically   J. appointments   K. maintain 1. After the inspiring lecture, the student promised to his study plan and not be distracted by video games. 2. The documentary about deep-sea creatures was so that it aroused my interest in marine biology. 3. She felt between her desire to travel the world and her responsibility to care for her family. 4. The new high-speed railway has reduced the travel time between the two major cities. 5. Learning a new language is a gradual that requires consistent practice and patience. 6. The delicious smell of fresh bread from the bakery was enough to anyone passing by. 7. The manager’s schedule is full today, as he has several important with clients. 8. Don’t let fear you from pursuing your dreams; take that first step with courage. 9. After turning forty, John found it increasingly difficult to a healthy weight. 10. This new model is a significant improvement energy efficiency and user experience. （十四） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. concerns   B. adopted   C. breathtakingly   D. practices   E. rewards   F. seeking G. measured   H. worsening   I. reduce   J. containers   K. particularly Door-to-door food delivery service has become increasingly popular in cities due to the fast development of online shopping and the busy life in China. As food delivery is extremely common in China, it creates large amounts of waste due to the plastic 1 , bags, and chopsticks that come with each order. This in turn has contributed to great environmental 2 for the waste packaging materials. We have therefore 3 the amount of food delivery packaging waste in China. The results show that the total amount of packaging waste rose from 0.2 million metric tons in 2015 to 1.5 million metric tons in 2020. Over-packaging has been a big headache, adding pressure to our 4 environment. The food delivery packaging is not the fancier, the better. Instead, it is the more environment-friendly, the better. Therefore, it is high time that regulations were 5 to stop restaurants and companies from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping. Also, smart policy suggestions should be provided to handle the pressing issues, 6 using the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) environment-friendly 7 . As the largest city in China, Shanghai has an important role in creating and 8 an efficient solution to the problem of waste. With over 24 million people living in Shanghai, materials sustainability (可持续性), particularly that of plastics, is a big problem. For example, delivery companies like Saucepan have begun to 9 the plastic usage of the food delivery in Shanghai by using biodegradable (可降解的) packaging in the delivery process. Besides, it encourages customers to recycle their plastic bags and 10 them for every 10 used bags that they return to the company. （一） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. date   B. further    C. production    D. flexibility    E. master   F. launch G. simply   H. created    I. traditional    J. revolutionised    K. enabled Back in the last century self-study used to mean trying to learn from books. Then as technology moved on, electric products 1 the way people learn a language. Audio cassettes 2 people to practise listening; videos provided a vivid cultural environment of the language; computers made interactivity possible; and the 3 of the Windows 95 operating system opened the door to full multimedia programs that could offer more than what the traditional materials could do. Today technology has moved on 4 . The Internet has served as a communication centre. The general use of email has 5 new opportunities for teachers to assist learning at a distance, which has an impact on 6 learning structures. As you can make more and more progress on your own, the role of the teacher is then free to concentrate on the more important aspects: motivation and 7 of language in speech or writing. The latest development is a direct email link from self-study CD-ROMs to an online teacher. Now you can get personal one-to-one tuition from any multimedia PC with an Internet connection. When you need more help, you 8 email the tutor. The tutor will know which course you are following and your results to 9 so he is able to provide good, relevant advice. All you do is buy the CD-ROM at a normal price and then get additional tuition as you feel the need. So the self-study becomes distance learning with all its advantages of 10 and low cost. （二） （25-26高一上·上海浦东新区·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. signal       B. experience     C.active          D. nearly        E.store        F. typical        G. keep          H. protection     I. survive        J. fairly          K.set         Some desert animals can 1 the summer heat and dryness because they are very unusual. The camel, for example, can experience and bear an increase in the temperature of its body and its blood of 9℃ without anything bad happening to it. In addition, it can drink a lot of water at one time; then 2 enough water in parts of its body to supply its needs for two weeks or more. The kangaroo rat, on the other hand, gets all the water from its food . However, most animals need to maintain a 3 constant body temperature, and will die if it rises more than 5℃. Therefore, they need to find some way to stay away from the heat of the summer sun. Nor can many animals either store or produce water in their bodies, as the camel and kangaroo rat can. So they must find ways to 4 their bodies from losing water because of the heat. Because very few desert animals can survive the high temperature of a 5 summer’s day, most of them are 6 only in the night. The desert comes fully to life only after the Sun has 7 . The night is relatively cool, and the darkness provides 8 , not only from the Sun, but also from other animals and from the birds. So the coming of darkness is the 9 for the large majority of animals and insects to start again their search for water and food. When morning comes, most of them seek shelter again: many go underground; 10 all find some dark and cool places where they can keep away from the sun’s heat. （三） （25-26高一上·上海甘泉外国语中学·期中）Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. maintained     B. breathtaking     C. tempted     D. ancient   E. panic F. respect     G. for fear of     H. context     I. in memory of       J. signalled   K. takeaways 1. Those hardworking people really deserve no matter what fields they are engaged in. 2. Proverbs generally do not express the meaning directly, but require the readers to understand from the or even culture. 3. Most of the drivers will if they see smoke coming out of the engine on the highway. 4. The house has views from every room, which is the reason for its high price. 5. He may not even drink water at night swallowing insects, possibly floating on the surface. 6. Nowadays, more and more people are being to sign up for Yoga classes, taking advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. 7. The group calls itself Black Thursday the 1929 stock market crash in the United States. 8. I found most of the buildings in Zhouzhuang the simple but beautiful architectural characteristics of the Qing Dynasty. 9. Among those who buy lunch, 40 percent eat in a restaurant and 20 percent order . 10. She to me with a quick, meaningful look. Then I knew which way to go. （四） （25-26高一上·上海青浦高级中学·期中）Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. winning       B. attraction       C. signal       D. relevantly E. desire       F. pleasant       G. driven       H. practical I. dramatically     J. comments     K. limitations In a world that prefers beauty, why are we 1 fascinated with ugly-looking pets, particularly dogs, with exaggerated features? There’s been a pet model change — perfection is out, and droopy (耷拉的) eyes are in. What’s going on? First, we must understand our 2 to cuteness. Human babies are pretty helpless, so there had to be an evolutionary adaptation (进化性适应机制) to ensure we looked after them. According to Konrad Lorenz’s theory, baby’s features like big eyes, big heads and soft bodies lead to a 3 to protect our children. When animals have similar features, we think they 4 “a need for our companionship or care,” causing “the rush of warm emotion that is the cuteness response,” says Joshua Dale, co-editor of The Aesthetics and Affects of Cuteness. During the Victorian era, dog shows were popular, and with them came selective breeding (繁殖) for cuteness rather than health or 5 value. This led to a rise in flat-faced breeds (品种) with flat noses and bulging eyes like bulldogs and pugs — a reminder that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. These breeds continue to be 6 favorites among many people today. The French Bulldog became the most popular dog in the US in 2022. Rowena Parker, lecturer at the Royal Veterinary College in the UK, believes this is partly 7 by social media influencers. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable,” she says. Despite the growing love for these dogs, some make negative 8 — many flat-faced breeds suffer from breathing difficulties and skin infections. Without 9 , dog breeding can give rise to ethical issues. A proof that we start a new chapter of dog preference is the World’s Ugliest Dog Contest, held in California since the 1970s. In a bunch of dogs with uneven ears and broken teeth, which one will be the lovely little favorite 10 us over this year? （五） （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. possess   B. adapting   C. backward   D. patterns   E. transfer   F. superiority G. complicated   H. tongue   I. influence   J. series   K. reflecting Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no underlying 1 of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic rank among languages. People once thought of the languages of 2 groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a 3 of grunts and groans, it is a fact established, by the study of“underdeveloped” languages that no spoken 4 answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the 5 of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound 6 or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, 7 the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to 8 the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and 9 them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “underdeveloped” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and 10 . This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank. （六） （25-26高一上·上海甘泉外国语中学·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and complete it by using the words in the box. Each choice can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. inspired   B. react   C. tracked   D. necessarily   E. disasters   F. analyzed G. positive   H. possibility   I. essentially   J. rules   K. list Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic 1 for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new Rules. Scientists 2 people’s e-mails and online posts, and found that good news spread faster and farther than 3 and sad stories. “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they 4 . You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers studying word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Webposts and reviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t 5 mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that 6 , Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague 7 the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the 8 than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this 9 feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that 10 negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book Contagious: Why Things Catch On. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题10选词填空 基础必练 (一) 【答案】1.I2.C3.J 4.H 5.F 6.A7.K8.E9.D 10.B (二) 【答案】1.B 2.H 3.D 4.C 5.J 6.G 7.K 8.A9.F 10.I (三) 【答案】1.C2.E3.D4.B 5.G6.J7.A8.F9.1 10.K (四) 【答案】1.D 2.A3.14.F 5.K6.E7.C8J9.B 10.H (五) 【答案】1.A 2.F3.C4.I 5.J6.B7.E 8.H 9.G 10.D (六) 【答案】1.C2.AB 3.AD 4.D 5.A6.E7.BD8.B 9.AC 10.AE (七) 【答案】1.G 2.J3.K4.F 5.C 6.D 7.A8.B9.I10.E (八) 【答案】1.isalivewith 2.isnamedafter 3.endedup 4.tomakeadifference 5.forthepurposeof 6.have paid little regard to (九) 1/4 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.D 2.H3.C 4.F 5.K 6.B 7.E8.19.G10.J 进阶提升 (一) 【答案】1.A2.I3.K 4.D 5.B 6.G7.H8.E9.C 10.F (二) 【答案】1.C2.G3.J 4.F5.E 。 6.K7.D8.B9.H 10.A (三) 【答案】1.C2.D3.AD 4.AB 5.BC 6.CD 7.ABC 8.BD 9.B 10.AC (四) 【答案】1.C2.CD 3.B4.D 5.AB 6.AD 7.BD 8.A 9.ABC 10.AC (五) 【答案】1.I 2.J3.C4.G 5.B 6.A7.K8.E9.F 10.H (六) 【答案】1.F 2.B3.E4.H 5.K 6.G7.C8.D9.I 10.J (七) 【答案】1.J 2.13.E 4.K5.C6.A7.F8.B9.G 10.D (八) 1.gotconfused 2.setfooton 3.bedelivered 4.showingconfusion 5.felttorn 6.signaled 7. came to realize 8.context 9.refuse an offer 10.reflection (九) 【答案】1.A2.H3.F4.K 5.J 6.E7.D8.I 9.B10.C 214 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 (十) 【答案】1.D 2.J3.A 4.F 5.c 6.B 7.H8.G 9.I10.E (十一) 【答案】1.turned out 2.consists of 3.panicking 4.be overcome 5.Without doubt 6.sets foot on (十二) 【答案】1.D 2.AD 3.C 4.A 5.AB 6.BD 7.B 8.CD 9.BC 10.AC (十三) 【答案】1.H 2.F3.B 4.1 5.G 6.C 7.J 8.A9.K10.E (十四) 【答案】1.J 2.A3.G 4.H 5.B 6.K 7.D 8.F9.I 10.E 拓展培优 (一) 【答案】1.J 2.K 3.F 4.B 5.H 6.I 7.C8.G 9.A 10.D (二) 【答案】1.I 2.E3.J4.G5.F6.C7.K8.H 9.A10.D (三) 【答案】1.F 2.H3.E4.B 5.G 6.C7.I8.A9.K10.J (四) 【答案】1.I 2.B3.E 4.C 5.H 6.F7.G8.J 9.K10.A (五) 【答案】1.F2.C3.J4.H5.E6.D7.K8.A9.B 10.G 314 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 (六) 【答案】1.J 2.C3.E4.B5.D 6.H7.F8.K 9.G 10.A 414