考前押题02 完形填空3大常考话题（期中专项训练）高一英语上学期沪外版

考前押题02 完形填空3大常考话题 话题1 人与自我 话题2 人与社会 话题3 人与自然 ① 通读首末，把握文章主旨，理清故事脉络与整体时态； ② 逐空研读，结合上下文语境，捕捉逻辑、转折、因果线索； ③ 辨析选项，区分词义、固定搭配，兼顾感情色彩； ④ 先易后难，跳过纠结题目，借助后文信息回头验证； ⑤ 回读全文，代入所选答案，核查语义连贯、逻辑通顺。 话题1 人与自我（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）We all feel fear sometimes. When facing a challenge, our minds often tell us to stay safe. But what if we saw fear not as a stop sign, but as a source of energy? Expert Zoe Carroll, a strategy coach, works with athletes and teaches them to say, “Here comes the energy” instead of “Here come the nerves.” This simple 1 helps them see their feelings as fuel. It’s natural to want to hide in our comfort zone and think, “Why did I 2 for this?!” However, real growth happens when we feel the fear and do it 3 . Carroll says our fear system often treats everything as life or 4 . “Fear is just information,” she explains. But if we lack experience, like giving a first speech or going to the gym after years, fear warns us of potential 5 : embarrassment or failure. By taking action, we 6 these information gaps. We learn the situation isn’t as 7 as our body feared. Every time we face a fear, we prove our 8 . Even if things don’t go perfectly, we realize we survived. We learn and 9 from the experience. Think about the good things in your life — joining a club, making new friends, trying a difficult class. These often require a 10 of faith. Carroll suggests setting personal markers for 11 . For a recent triathlon, her goal wasn’t a fast time, but to 12 the experience. This made it feel more achievable. But how do we know if a challenge is manageable or too much? I thought speaking to a thousand people would be impossible for me. Carroll 13 . She asked, “What’s the worst that could happen? How different is it from speaking to a hundred?” I had no good answer. It was a 14 : maybe I am capable of more than I think. What we often see as too big a 15 usually isn’t. We just need to plan the steps to get there. 1．A．change B．trick C．reply D．game 2．A．wait B．enter C．look D．hope 3．A．anyway B．sometimes C．later D．alone 4．A．death B．success C．pain D．dream 5．A．lessons B．joys C．secrets D．threats 6．A．remember B．ignore C．collect D．bridge 7．A．boring B．scary C．exciting D．easy 8．A．luck B．ability C．patience D．kindness 9．A．hide B．suffer C．grow D．rest 10．A．act B．leap C．test D．moment 11．A．safety B．success C．wealth D．beauty 12．A．forget B．enjoy C．describe D．record 13．A．agreed B．laughed C．disagreed D．apologized 14．A．realization B．surprise C．regret D．disappointment 15．A．goal B．excuse C．challenge D．mistake Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）It’s believed that clever people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, 1 , are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline. Here are the three most common 2 language learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough There’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning 3 a “silent period“. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be 4 to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies in the 5 languages, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. A single method Some learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat practice in a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to 6 a foreign tongue. Each of these approaches is fine, but it’s a mistake to rely on only one. Language learners who use 7 methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways. What’s more, the 8 can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learners should seek a course that 9 the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking ). For self-study, try a 10 of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps. 376 It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of 11 or unsafety hinder (阻碍) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too 12 making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would 13 them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors 14 they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve. 1．A．however B．moreover C．furthermore D．therefore 2．A．successes B．wonders C．mistakes D．contributions 3．A．picks up B．begins with C．takes up D．meets with 4．A．efficient B．difficult C．easy D．pleasant 5．A．national B．official C．signal D．target 6．A．make sense of B．make use of C．make profit of D．make fun of 7．A．common B．educational C．lasting D．multiple 8．A．variety B．change C．improvement D．choices 9．A．delivers B．lacks C．measures D．includes 10．A．selection B．preference C．combination D．decoration 11．A．Complaints B．Fear C．Safety D．Limitation 12．A．humor B．shyness C．achievements D．laughter 13．A．confident in B．comfortable with C．keen on D．afraid of 14．A．amaze B．ignore C．ruin D．embarrass 15．A．if B．before C．in case D．so that Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Self-confidence: one’s belief that they can meet all the demands of a task. Some people are born with it, and everyone else is out of 1 , right? Wrong! Self-confidence is not something people are born with, like their height or hair color. It’s a skill that anyone can start 2 today. One simple self-confidence builder is 3 self-talk. What you say to yourself 4 how you feel about yourself. Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try?” could ruin you. Instead, if you get a bad grade on a test, try saying “I’ll do better next time.” Rather than focusing on your failure, 5 ways that you can improve, and try again. Another way to 6 your confidence is to believe in yourself. Studies show that believing you can do something can increase your chance of success. If you put in the work to learn how to do something, believe in your ability. Don’t let 7 steal your energy and motivation away. One of the ugliest enemies of self-confidence is 8 yourself to others. Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence. 9 , it will make you proud. And thinking you are worse than others won’t make you 10 ; it will fill you with envy. Fight back by counting your blessings. Keep a journal and write down all the things that you’re 11 for. Facing your fears is another way to build self-confidence. You might have a(n) 12 for public speaking. But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it? Even if you fail, leaving your 13 zone can make you stronger. Don’t let fear become an obstacle in your journey toward excellence! Finally, showing kindness to others is a great way to build self-confidence. Showing kindness 14 you that you can make a difference in the world. When you make others feel good, you, 15 , feel good about yourself. 1．A．order B．luck C．curiosity D．habit 2．A．practicing B．delivering C．applying D．assigning 3．A．addictive B．independent C．positive D．energetic 4．A．maintains B．appoints C．limits D．influences 5．A．involve B．identify C．ignore D．indicate 6．A．shake B．inspire C．overcome D．share 7．A．concentration B．embarrassment C．fascination D．doubt 8．A．comparing B．communicating C．analyzing D．exposing 9．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．However D．Instead 10．A．humble B．intelligent C．negative D．confused 11．A．respectful B．grateful C．responsible D．regretful 12．A．talent B．anxiety C．mood D．occasion 13．A．range B．occupation C．comfort D．pressure 14．A．informs B．determines C．promises D．reminds 15．A．in turn B．in person C．in all D．in addition Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Who Cooks the Most in Your Home? Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats. There’s often a 1 left to clean up at the end. Who 2 most of these duties? Gallup and Cookpad conducted a worldwide survey to find out. Data from their survey of trends in home cooking show that in almost every country in the world, women cooked more than men. In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four. The 3 , of course, leaves many women frustrated. Emily Kephart, a 41-year-old mother of two, says she enjoyed being in 4 of food when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation (平衡局面). “Now we have two children and two full-time jobs and I still do 100% of the grocery shopping and meal planning, and about 75% of the actual cooking or food preparation,” she says. While other duties are divided pretty 5 , Kephart says, she still gets annoyed with her spouse: “When I’m away or have other plans, more often than not my husband gets the ‘ 6 ’ ticket— they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets. Why does he get the free dinner pass?” The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy. This, several Italian-American readers say, 7 them not one bit. “For us Italians, knowing and creating good food is a matter of extreme 8 ,” writes Gabrielle DiFonzo. “Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage. For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes. Second generation Italian-American Olivia Box spent last year in Italy, and noticed that her male cousins were always cooking and talking about food. “Cooking for Italians is not a chore (苦差事) ; it is a part of their 9 ,” Box says. While women tend to cook more than men in the U.S., some men are starting to 10 the art and science of cooking as a hobby to be proud of. Lisa Kulisek from Chicago says her kids prefer her husband’s cooking. When they met, he couldn’t cook, so she taught him some 11 . He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and 12 it. Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s 13 : “Maybe we just have to 14 the men who are already cooking to do it more often. They might find it a great way to deal with stress while reducing their partner’s stress and 15 a great skill for their kids.” 1．A．gift B．mess C．tip D．warning 2．A．depends on B．longs for C．takes up D．turns down 3．A．disadvantage B．imbalance C．misunderstanding D．uncertainty 4．A．charge B．favor C．search D．pursuit 5．A．accurately B．fairly C．randomly D．strangely 6．A．cheap B．easy C．fresh D．rare 7．A．delighted B．embarrassed C．scared D．surprised 8．A．anxiety B．pressure C．pride D．shame 9．A．generosity B．identity C．opportunity D．personality 10．A．abandon B．embrace C．resist D．suspect 11．A．cooking basics B．gardening essentials C．language skills D．math principles 12．A．fallen in love with B．kept in touch with C．lost interest in D．make fun of 13．A．advice B．dream C．lead D．trouble 14．A．beg B．encourage C．force D．permit 15．A．fetching B．modeling C．ordering D．providing Passage 5 （24-25高一上·上海·阶段检测）Most high schools in the United States begin the school day early, often before the first rays of the sun peek over the horizon. The average start times 1 state by state from 7:40 am (Louisiana) to 8:33 a. m. (Alaska). For districts that are considering a later start, there are powerful statements from 2 associations. William E. Kobler, a physician and AMA (American Medical Association) board member stated, “We believe delaying school start times will 3 students get enough sleep, and that it will improve the overall mental and physical health of our nation’s young people.” 4 , there are several problems in delaying high school start times. Transportation Concerns: Early start times were 5 in order for school districts to provide bus transportation using the same buses for elementary and high school students. Later start time for high schools could require 6 buses or earlier elementary school start times. Parental Supervision: In a delayed start, there may be parents of high school students who will be 7 to drive students to school and get to work on time. This 8 would mean high school students would have the responsibility of getting themselves ready for school. If elementary schools start earlier, the dismissal (解散) time will be earlier as well, and that may 9 more hours of after-school daycare. Sports or Activities: For students who participate in sports or other activities, a delayed start will mean these activities will end several hours after school. The later hours could 10 the time for study, homework, and social activities. Coordination (协调) of sports schedules with other schools in area leagues or divisions would be 11 unless all other participating schools also delayed sports schedules. Community use of school 12 would be delayed as well. Employment: Many students work to save money for college or another career-related goal. Employers of teens would have to 13 the work schedules for students if school dismissal times were to change. If elementary schools begin earlier, there would be a need to 14 afterschool daycare opportunities. High school students, however would not be 15 to work in a daycare for the first hour or two. Any move to start school later will require great changes in daily schedules. As a result, school administrators should think twice before taking steps. 1．A．last B．range C．exist D．happen 2．A．medical B．athletic C．scientific D．educational 3．A．prove B．ensure C．suggest D．arrange 4．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However 5．A．set off B．held back. C．carried out D．turned over 6．A．regular B．punctual C．additional D．temporary 7．A．reliable B．agreeable C．essential D．unable 8．A．shift B．event C．request D．concept 9．A．prevent B．require C．offer D．encourage 10．A．limit B．remove C．enhance D．maintain 11．A．simple B．exact C．difficult D．urgent 12．A．associations B．organizations C．assignments D．facilities 13．A．extend B．adjust C．divide D．avoid 14．A．seize B．abandon C．reduce D．increase 15．A．available B．comfortable C．careful D．efficient 话题2 人与社会（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in books from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new 1 : “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” In the past, students understood that hard work was not 2 ; an A demanded great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the 3 of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In a recent survey, 4 , two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes. The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a 5 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck found praising kids for their abilities weakened their flexibility and led to a (n) 6 mindset, making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks. However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and 7 learning. The idea of celebrating persistence quickly made its way into widely-shared articles, 8 books and popular TED talks. The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far. We’ve gone from 9 effort to treating it as an end-in itself. We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job, 10 being a good person. What worries me most is that it can motivate people to 11 bad strategies instead of developing better ones. A textbook example is burning the midnight oil rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents 12 kids a more balanced message. We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons. The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain but to ask how you could have gotten a better return on your 13 . A’s are not granted for effort itself; they’re 14 through mastery of the material. The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you 15 . 1．A．complaint B．assignment C．theory D．essay 2．A．practical B．vast C．adequate D．complex 3．A．proof B．quantity C．hope D．chance 4．A．for example B．by contrast C．in addition D．above all 5．A．discussion B．report C．misunderstanding D．feeling 6．A．embarrassed B．fixed C．confused D．pleased 7．A．avoid B．maintain C．cancel D．boost 8．A．best-selling B．printed C．amazing D．certified 9．A．challenging B．preventing C．applauding D．wasting 10．A．let alone B．regardless of C．as to D．in spite of 11．A．give up B．compete with C．race against D．stick to 12．A．send B．burden C．miss D．owe 13．A．responsibility B．investment C．memory D．attitude 14．A．absorbed B．signaled C．earned D．broadcast 15．A．reflect on B．take out C．subject to D．tear apart Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing. Here’s a look at some of the benefits that come with 1 sports and exercise. One of the most obvious benefits of students participating in sports is the improvement in 2 health. Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, 3 the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases, and strengthen the cardiovascular system. Students who are physically active often report having more energy. Another advantage is the 4 impact on mental health. Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and 5 which are common issues among students 6 academic pressure. Physical activity releases endorphins, the “feel-good” hormones, which can 7 mood and overall mental well-being. Participating in team sports can also enhance 8 skills. Students learn the importance of teamwork, communication, and leadership. These skills are not only valuable on the playing field but also in the classroom and later in the 9 world. Physical activity is also linked to better academic performance. Studies have shown that students who exercise 10 tend to have improved concentration, memory, and cognitive function. This can lead to better 11 achievements and a more successful educational experience. Engaging in sports can also help students develop important life skills such as discipline, perseverance, and time management. These traits are essential for setting and achieving 12 , both in sports and in personal aspects of life. 13 , regular physical activity can play a crucial role in building self-confidence and self-esteem. As students master new skills and see improvements in their performance, they gain a sense of 14 that can boost their self-worth. This increased confidence can translate into other areas of their lives, making them more likely to take on new challenges and pursue their dreams with 15 . 1．A．adapting to B．engaging in C．accounting for D．complaining about 2．A．physical B．mental C．emotional D．financial 3．A．increase B．support C．boost D．reduce 4．A．negative B．ideal C．positive D．short 5．A．anxiety B．happiness C．commitment D．relaxation 6．A．in addition to B．instead of C．due to D．regardless of 7．A．decrease B．improve C．affect D．ignore 8．A．academic B．genuine C．social D．personal 9．A．professional B．amateur C．inexperienced D．fantasy 10．A．rarely B．regularly C．hardly D．immediately 11．A．athletic B．academic C．artistic D．administrative 12．A．plans B．goals C．skills D．obstacles 13．A．However B．Therefore C．Consequently D．Furthermore 14．A．failure B．security C．accomplishment D．responsibility 15．A．luck B．surprise C．enthusiasm D．balance Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）How You Search the Internet Can Strengthen Your Beliefs   People’s views are becoming more and more polarized (两极化), with “echo chambers (信息茧房)” — social bubbles that strengthen existing beliefs — worsening disagreements. This polarization (两极化) is not 1 to political opinions; it also covers everyday topics, from climate change to vaccination.   And social media is not the only 2 contributing to it, according to a recent study 3 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. It turns out that people use search engines in ways that 4 their long-held beliefs, worsening polarization. The researchers suggest that a simple 5 to search algorithms (搜索算法) could help provide a wider variety of perspectives.   Online participants were asked to rate their beliefs on six topics, including nuclear energy and caffeine’s health effects. They then 6 search terms (搜索关键词) to learn more about each topic. The researchers 7 the range of the terms and found that between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow”. 8 , when researching the health effects of caffeine, one participant used “caffeine negative effects”, whereas others used “benefits of caffeine”.   These narrow terms tended to 9 participants’ existing beliefs, and generally less than 10 percent did this knowingly. “People often pick search terms that 10 what they believe, without realizing it,” says Eugenia Leung of Tulane University’s business school, who led the study. “Search algorithms are designed to give the most 11 answers for whatever we type, which 12 to support what we already thought.” 13 , this pattern worked when participants used ChatGPT and Bing for searches assisted by artificial intelligence.   When the researchers randomly (随机地) 14 participants to view different results, they saw those results affect people’s opinions and even behavior. For instance, participants who saw search results using “nuclear energy is good” held a more positive view about nuclear energy afterward than those using “nuclear energy is bad”. People who saw results using “caffeine health benefits”, rather than “ 15 ”, were more likely to choose a caffeinated drink afterward. 1．A．pressured B．set C．delivered D．limited 2．A．factor B．result C．solution D．problem 3．A．announced B．published C．released D．advertised 4．A．allow B．expect C．change D．deepen 5．A．adjustment B．connection C．limitation D．agreement 6．A．made B．included C．chose D．ignored 7．A．collect B．update C．calculate D．evaluate 8．A．On the whole B．On the contrary C．In short D．For example 9．A．confuse B．match C．oppose D．understand 10．A．reflect B．repeat C．review D．recycle 11．A．relevant B．available C．capable D．genuine 12．A．turns out B．sets out C．gets down D．goes on 13．A．Obviously B．Similarly C．Ironically D．Fortunately 14．A．forced B．assigned C．enabled D．ordered 15．A．symptoms B．mistakes C．risks D．strengths Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Between 1980 and 2019, the world’s most developed countries saw their birth rates decline from 1.85 to 1.53 per woman. Analyzed across all rich countries, birth rates among those where childcare is fully 1 are as low as those where parents pay expensive fees — the link between births and total spending on family-friendly policies is 2 . This often causes head-scratching, but it should not 3 , the decision on whether to have children, and how many if so, turned out to be about far more than money. Of course, family-friendly policies can have other positive impacts on individuals and on society. They make it easier for those who have already had children to 4 family and work. They ease child poverty. But when it comes to the heavy lifting on birth rates, 5 is more powerful than policy. There are a number of different but related 6 at play. First is the rapid rise of so-called helicopter parenting. The realization that a comfortable life has become impossible to acquire without a top-quality education has sparked intense competition between 7 . They feel pressured to invest huge amounts of time and effort into 8 their kids’ upbringing. In 1965, mothers of young children in developed countries spent an average of an hour a day doing activities with their kids. By 2018 that had risen to three hours, and in Korea approaching four. Korea’s fertility rate (生育率) has dropped to 0.72, while in France, where parenting is much less 9 , birth rates have held up well and now stand at 1.8. The second big reason is changing priorities for young adults. A study last year by Lyman Stone, an economist, shows that the priority that most 10 birth rates among young women is the desire to grow as a person and to focus on their career. 11 over the demands of helicopter parenting also rank high. Childcare costs come in at a lowly 14th place. Finally, and arguably most importantly, the share of young adults in the west living as a couple is in decline. With women increasingly able to support themselves financially, one traditional reason for 12 has faded away. This helps explain why the most recent downward trend in births has been driven by a(n) 13 in the number of young people deciding not to have any child at all. Birth rates in developed countries look virtually unlikely to return to replacement level (生育更替的正常水平) any time soon. If they 14 do so, it will most likely be due to broad social and cultural changes, not policy. There’s nothing wrong with governments pursuing family-friendly packages for other reasons, but if they’re worrying about ageing and shrinking populations, then they need to find other 15 . 1．A．discussed B．investigated C．funded D．illustrated 2．A．profound B．temporary C．immediate D．minor 3．A．In fact B．On the contrary C．In addition D．As a result 4．A．overstate B．prioritize C．balance D．compare 5．A．education B．culture C．finance D．marriage 6．A．theories B．questions C．factors D．effects 7．A．schools B．parents C．investors D．children 8．A．delaying B．recording C．improving D．checking 9．A．hands-down B．hands-off C．hands-on D．hands-up 10．A．weakens B．divides C．settles D．represents 11．A．Debates B．Concerns C．Conflicts D．Misunderstandings 12．A．setting out B．speaking up C．breaking down D．partnering up 13．A．increase B．belief C．failure D．investment 14．A．obviously B．regretfully C．naturally D．magically 15．A．justifications B．solutions C．outlets D．reflections Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 1 reason, such as your job or your studies? 2 perhaps you are interested in the 3 , films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 4 of the language. Most people learn best using a variety of 5 , but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people. They 6 an environment where you can practise under the guidance of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead 7 lives and learning language takes time. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 8 . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming 9 in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes a lot less. Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too 10 ,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more quickly than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any age. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people 11 about the mistakes they make when 12 . Well, relax and laugh about your 13 and you’re much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 14 . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be 15 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in their own language. Good luck 1．A．technical B．political C．practical D．physical 2．A．After B．So C．Though D．Or 3．A．literature B．transport C．agriculture D．medicine 4．A．view B．knowledge C．form D．database 5．A．paintings B．regulations C．methods D．computers 6．A．protect B．change C．respect D．provide 7．A．busy B．happy C．simple D．normal 8．A．theory B．business C．routine D．project 9．A．bored B．fluent C．interested D．devoted 10．A．old B．nervous C．weak D．tired 11．A．worry B．hesitate C．think D．quarrel 12．A．singing B．working C．bargaining D．learning 13．A．progress B．mistakes C．cleverness D．clumsiness 14．A．tiresome B．hard C．interesting D．easy 15．A．blamed B．amazed C．interrupted D．informed 话题3 人与自然（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）About two months ago, I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone, but not because I didn’t like using it. I 1 it. Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury, for a small 2 . Like most other well affordable modern luxuries though, there are hidden 3 . And it’s increasingly harder to pretend we couldn’t see them. A headline in the Washington Post read, “Restaurants are barely 4 . Delivery apps will kill them.” Many other articles have explored the predatory (压榨他人的) sign-up tactics (策略) and high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies. But the most apparent impact is on human lives. Delivery riders have been 5 in accidents while trying to complete their orders. These deaths are part of a larger narrative about poor working 6 for riders. One friend said to me, “I can’t 7 the thought of someone dying delivering me a dessert.” That was it. I 8 the app and haven’t used it, or any of its competitors, since. Instead of ordering on a whim (一时兴起), now I either cook something good or get takeaway from a place in walking or driving distance. This approach has saved me a lot of money. As with a lot of online shopping, I’d been ordering food mindlessly, giving only a brief thought to its price and value. Cooking is almost always 9 and so is old-school takeaway. All of these changes have cost me one thing — time. One reason the apps are so popular is that so many people are burned out, stressed or attracted by 10 . With delivery, I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute, like after I finished work or returned from the gym. By this time, I was already 11 , and the shops were all closed. Having to plan meals again actually made my life less 12 . Some days it’s a good incentive to stop working earlier, to close my laptop and go to the shops, walk to the pizza place, or start chopping onions. Cooking is one of those activities that require both of your hands and all your 13 . Walking to pick up takeaway forces you to, well, go for a walk. The change in habit forced me to be on my devices a bit less and to be in my actual life and neighbourhood a bit more. The process has made me think about how a lot of technological 14 do save us time, but time for what? For me, the answer was often just more time working, or more time online. Making my own food feels like taking back time I had 15 for things far less nourishing (有营养的). 1．A．doubted B．feared C．hated D．loved 2．A．clue B．error C．favor D．fee 3．A．costs B．crimes C．dangers D．taxes 4．A．engaging B．relaxing C．suffering D．surviving 5．A．cursed B．killed C．rejected D．tricked 6．A．achievement B．conditions C．motivation D．relationships 7．A．bear B．criticize C．express D．recall 8．A．deleted B．developed C．forgave D．monitored 9．A．cheaper B．friendlier C．safer D．quicker 10．A．convenience B．intelligence C．mystery D．uncertainty 11．A．curious B．full C．hungry D．sick 12．A．artificial B．fulfilling C．relevant D．stressful 13．A．attention B．ambition C．consideration D．supervision 14．A．advances B．challenges C．reviews D．licences 15．A．checked out B．given up C．looked for D．set up Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Have you ever shouted, “The rent is too high”? Shaking the wall and finding hidden disgusting bugs? You’re not alone. The ancient Romans experienced the same 1 with their apartments. From mean landlords to sanitation (卫生) problems, pests to smells, Roman urban living was no walk in the park. Even in the very early days of Rome, people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters. This collection of animals of every kind mixed together made life 2 for common citizens. And the close contact 3 diseases. Roman rented residences were called insulae, or islands, because they occupied whole blocks, with the roads flowing around them like water around an island. The insulae, often 4 six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard, housed poor workers who couldn’t 5 a traditional domus, or private house. By the fourth century A．D．, there were around 45,000 insulae in Rome, as opposed to fewer than 2,000 private homes. Many people were _ 6 into their quarters. Apartments on the lower floor would be the easiest for entry and exit, and therefore belong to the 7 renters — while unfortunate individuals were thrown on higher floors in tiny rooms. Though made of concrete brick, insulae were usually weakly built, thanks to poor craftsmanship and little funding. They usually collapsed and killed passers-by. 8 , emperors 9 how high landlords could construct insulae. The maximum building height was 60 feet. According to the law, then, builders were supposed to make walls at least an inch and a half thick, so as to ensure the 10 of the building. However, it didn’t work so well, especially since building codes were 11 by the landlords in order to save on the construction cost, and most renters were too poor to charge the landlords. Therefore, life-threatening accidents usually happened. Even if insulae didn’t fall down, they could be so 12 as to be washed away in a flood. That’s about the only time their inhabitants would 13 clean natural water, since there was rarely in-home plumbing (水管)in an apartment. What’s more, the insulae caught fire frequently, leaving Rome with a vicious (恶性的) 14 of houses burning down and collapsing, then immediate reconstruction and fire once more. Indeed, rather than being in nature’s hands, some collapses were 15 since the greedy landlords keep on tearing down the existing insulae and replacing them with higher and larger monsters in pursuit of more rents. 1．A．annoyance B．complaint C．history D．consequence 2．A．unlimited B．miserable C．realistic D．expensive 3．A．spread B．tested C．combated D．diagnosed 4．A．consisting of B．taking advantage of C．belonging to D．relying on 5．A．sell B．afford C．decorate D．visit 6．A．mixed B．filled C．squeezed D．invited 7．A．general B．legal C．wealthy D．sociable 8．A．To sum up B．As a result C．In addition D．By contrast 9．A．restricted B．solved C．threatened D．evaluated 10．A．privacy B．temperature C．outlook D．safety 11．A．strengthened B．ignored C．followed D．drafted 12．A．cheap B．vacant C．insignificant D．shaky 13．A．give credit to B．bring life to C．have access to D．take control of 14．A．cycle B．punishment C．treatment D．fight 15．A．unexpected B．intentional C．destructive D．gradual Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）The people of the Makah Nation have lived on Washington State’s Olympic Peninsula for thousands of years. They call themselves Kwi-dich-cha-at, which 1 “people who live by rocks and seagulls.” The shorter name of Makah, given to them by neighboring Native American peoples, means “generous with food.” Before the white settlers arrived in the American Northwest, the Makah hunted gray and humpback whales from canoes made from the western red cedar tree. Whales 2 meat, blubber (鲸脂), and bone for food, oil, and utensils. The Makah enjoyed a lively trade in whale products with other Native Americans and later with an intensity and efficiency that quickly 3 the numbers of these creatures. The Makah relationship to the whales, on the other hand, was as much 4 as material. Whales and whaling were 5 in their songs and dances. Images of whales were 6 into blankets and baskets and carved in stone and wood. By the 1920s, with local whales on the brink (边缘) of   7 , the Makah stopped hunting them altogether. Through 8 preservation measures, whales returned to the waters off the Olympic Peninsula soon. In the 1970s, archeologists (考古学家) discovered many objects that confirmed the long and significant relationship between the Makah and whales. This awareness 9 a cultural resurgence (复兴) that included a focus on traditional foods and the health problems that some people linked to changes in the Makah diet, especially the 10 of sea mammal meat from it. Eventually, the Makah decided to resume hunting whales. 11 their plans faced strong opposition from different groups, they cited an 1885 treaty (条约) signed with the US government that 12 the right to continue this practice. After years of planning, the Makah scheduled the first hunt for the late fall of 1998. They succeeded in bringing in a gray whale about six months later. Today the Makah hunt whales in the 13 way. Divers enter the water and tie the killed whale’s jaws shut to prevent the animal from sinking. The whales are finally towed to shore and cut into pieces 14 traditional rituals (仪式). The blubber and meat is distributed among Makah families. No part of the whale can be sold 15 , although artifacts that Makah carvers make from bones are often available for purchase. 1．A．guides B．boasts C．means D．indicates 2．A．provided B．produced C．confused D．wasted 3．A．decreased B．increased C．limited D．divided 4．A．artificial B．theoretical C．spiritual D．physical 5．A．rhythm B．subjects C．influence D．targets 6．A．put B．transferred C．printed D．woven 7．A．extinction B．collapse C．destruction D．disaster 8．A．simple B．moderate C．aggressive D．contemporary 9．A．contributed to B．added to C．referred to D．responded to 10．A．abundance B．disappearance C．diversity D．familiarity 11．A．Where B．Since C．If D．Although 12．A．demanded B．had C．retained D．guaranteed 13．A．convenient B．traditional C．practical D．proper 14．A．in accordance with B．with regard to C．in place of D．at the cost of 15．A．globally B．secretly C．commercially D．cheaply Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Shop Online or Stand in Line? If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store to pick up your groceries, think again. A recent study on the environmental impact of shopping online versus brick-and-mortar (实体店) found that 1 shopping can be up to 60% more environmentally sustainable than online shopping. If you’re wondering why, here are some answers. Online items typically require 2 containers or plastic to ship them safely. They are also likely to come from different distribution centres. According to experts, these two factors 3 higher greenhouse gas emissions per item. In fact, compared with those generated by the plastic or paper bag shoppers typically bring home, 4 for online orders can create five times more emissions. Think about all of those boxes, labels, bubble wrap and air pillows you need to 5 after your online purchases have been delivered, some of which are not recyclable. Buyer 6 is another reason. When purchasing online — even if they do it frequently — many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store, they 7 to bulk buy (大量购买). By not driving to a store every day, they produce less greenhouse emissions than the delivery vans travelling to and from distribution centres and multiple drop-off addresses. 8 , when people go to malls or shopping streets, they often make multiple stops. Emissions are thus 9 since the emission-output is spread out over multiple purchases. A further significant impact on the environment caused by vehicle emissions is the 10 of returned products purchased online: 40% compared to 7% bought in store. Someone in a vehicle has to take them back. In the future, this may 11 . Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, announced its commitment to making the company more 12 and carbon-neutral (碳中和) by 2040. To help reach this target, it started by buying 100,000 new electric delivery vehicles (thousands of which are already on the road) and it plans to have them all 13 by 2030. Of course, this holds true in countries where people mostly drive, so it really 14 the country and its consumer behaviour. Nevertheless, every time we shop, there is an impact. 15 , when you’re thinking about how convenient it is to purchase that one item online, take a moment to consider the carbon footprint of doing so. 1．A．regular B．window C．physical D．virtual 2．A．additional B．classical C．standard D．attractive 3．A．court on B．result in C．respond to D．take over 4．A．coating B．covering C．dressing D．packaging 5．A．make use of B．get rid of C．keep up with D．take charge of 6．A．behavior B．need C．preference D．wisdom 7．A．afford B．offer C．tend D．vote 8．A．Above all B．As a result C．By contrast D．What’s more 9．A．avoided B．multiplied C．reduced D．spread 10．A．degree B．frequency C．price D．value 11．A．change B．continue C．suffer D．worsen 12．A．energy-efficient B．cost-saving C．time-consuming D．user-friendly 13．A．at hand B．in operation C．in common D．within reach 14．A．belongs to B．benefits from C．contributes to D．depends on 15．A．However B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．Therefore Passage 5 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Why the Color Green Makes Us Feel Good Scientists have revealed a new theory into why the color green makes us feel good. It is already well known that being out in nature is good for a person’s mental health. But now, a new study published in the British Ecological Society 1 a new theory for this called the “greenery hypothesis (假说).” They suggest that our need for green spaces 2 evolution. The researchers suggest that when greenery disappears during times of drought, it triggers a signal in humans for environmental degradation (恶化). This can lead to 3 psychological response, and even lead to feelings of depression. 4 , when greenery returns, the researchers report that it triggers a positive mental response, which further encourages them to 5 positive activities, like searching for food. “These psycho-physiological 6 must be crucial for survival during environmental fluctuations (波动) that humans have experienced in evolutionary adaptive environments,” a summary of the study reports. “However, in modern urbanized societies with limited greenery, this psychological system may lead to non-adaptive negative effects, such as increased stress and depression, creating a 7 between our evolutionary past and current cultural evolution. This hypothesis can provide valuable insights into understanding how humans psychologically respond to nature exposure, with implications for 8 such as urban planning, biodiversity conservation, etc. The scientists created this new hypothesis by bringing together previous research into the 9 of nature on humans. And from this, they gather that ongoing loss of green spaces, 10 in urban environments, could have severe impacts on human health and well-being. They note that restoring natural environments in urban areas should be a matter of priority in order to 11 “mass psychological health problems in contemporary society.” They hope that the hypothesis outlined in the study provides a framework for improving conservation efforts and prioritizing green environments in urban areas. They also emphasize how nature and greenery must be 12 for human well-being. The greenery hypothesis also notes that humans are more likely to find a place beautiful or pleasing to look at if there is greenery. This is even more likely if a person is more used to urban environments that have a 13 amount of nature around. “Our proposed hypothesis states that humans have adapted to periodic severe 14 and re-watering cycles by developing both negative and positive psychological responses to the absence or 15 of greenery within the landscape as hints to optimize their own behavioral activities.” the authors write in the study. 1．A．has acknowledged B．has proposed C．has proved D．has supposed 2．A．is devoted to B．is rooted in C．is controlled by D．is denied by 3．A．despair B．positive C．neutral D．negative 4．A．However B．Therefore C．After all D．More over 5．A．continue B．cease C．consider D．change 6．A．mindsets B．transitions C．responses D．contradictions 7．A．connection B．similarity C．difference D．mismatch 8．A．experts B．technologies C．fields D．views 9．A．effects B．affections C．lessons D．shadows 10．A．definitely B．respectively C．partly D．particularly 11．A．distinguish B．address C．cancel D．assist 12．A．planned B．demonstrated C．prioritized D．produced 13．A．limited B．huge C．appropriate D．considerable 14．A．flood B．sandstorm C．disaster D．drought 15．A．disappearance B．presence C．defence D．endurance Passage 6 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Returning to School, Recovering Smiles When Xiaonuan looked back to Typhoon Gaemi, those terrible 1 came into her mind: “The rain was 2 heavy that day, and the water rose rapidly. We watched helplessly as the school walls fell, and the floodwater rushed in.” Typhoon Gaemi hit Zixing City hard in July 2024, where over 6,500 students in 41 schools and kindergartens were seriously 3 , including Xiaonuan’s school. Despite the government’s best efforts, the school failed to survive. 4 , more than 300 teachers and students were forced to settle in another school nearby. They hoped to restart their education there. But where would all the necessary school supplies come from? UNICEF’s response 5 , UNICEF came to the children’s help. Having established a strong 6 with the Chinese government, UNICEF 7 quickly when Zixing Education Bureau asked for help. “Once the most 8 needs had been identified, we set out to buy a wide range of teaching and learning supplies the school badly needed. We hope supplies can improve conditions in local schools 9 all children can return to school,” says Lou Chunfang, Education Officer at UNICEF China. Moreover,6,500 emergency hygiene kits (卫生用品包) were also 10 to the Zixing City. This has been important for the children from 4,000 most badly affected families. “If the UNICEF hadn’t reached out to us, we wouldn’t have been able to reopen any school.” Zhang Xuhui, an officer with Zixing Education Bureau, explains. But UNICEF’s help didn’t stop there. Children’s mental health was another 11 they were concerned about. Several long-term programs were already on the next year’s 12 to strengthen the local education, health, and protection systems. Hopefully, local children and families can return to normal learning and living conditions as soon as possible. Regaining Hope In the classroom, students sit at their new desks, fully 13 their studies. Yet, when they first moved to the new school, they were in a quite challenging position. “They looked 14 when they first arrived,” says Deng Changhao, a PE teacher from Zhoumensi School. “But now things have changed. With the sports equipment provided by UNICEF, our students are able to move beyond the shadows of the floods. The support has helped them 15 the new environment. Their smiles have returned.” The playground is filled with laughter and cheer once again. 1．A．bases B．scenes C．routines D．positions 2．A．typically B．incredibly C．naturally D．amazingly 3．A．impacted B．reduced C．decreased D．assumed 4．A．By contrast B．What’s more C．As a result D．On the contrary 5．A．Generally B．Normally C．Particularly D．Fortunately 6．A．location B．destination C．selection D．partnership 7．A．determined B．battled C．acquired D．responded 8．A．fancy B．unique C．basic D．original 9．A．rather than B．in case C．so that D．now that 10．A．contained B．delivered C．attached D．recorded 11．A．quality B．feature C．site D．aspect 12．A．schedule B．label C．conference D．menu 13．A．engaged in B．equipped with C．keen on D．ashamed of 14．A．shocked B．energetic C．determined D．depressed 15．A．refer to B．adapt to C．react to D．belong to 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 完形填空3大常考话题 话题1 人与自我 话题2 人与社会 话题3 人与自然 ① 通读首末，把握文章主旨，理清故事脉络与整体时态； ② 逐空研读，结合上下文语境，捕捉逻辑、转折、因果线索； ③ 辨析选项，区分词义、固定搭配，兼顾感情色彩； ④ 先易后难，跳过纠结题目，借助后文信息回头验证； ⑤ 回读全文，代入所选答案，核查语义连贯、逻辑通顺。 话题1 人与自我（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）We all feel fear sometimes. When facing a challenge, our minds often tell us to stay safe. But what if we saw fear not as a stop sign, but as a source of energy? Expert Zoe Carroll, a strategy coach, works with athletes and teaches them to say, “Here comes the energy” instead of “Here come the nerves.” This simple 1 helps them see their feelings as fuel. It’s natural to want to hide in our comfort zone and think, “Why did I 2 for this?!” However, real growth happens when we feel the fear and do it 3 . Carroll says our fear system often treats everything as life or 4 . “Fear is just information,” she explains. But if we lack experience, like giving a first speech or going to the gym after years, fear warns us of potential 5 : embarrassment or failure. By taking action, we 6 these information gaps. We learn the situation isn’t as 7 as our body feared. Every time we face a fear, we prove our 8 . Even if things don’t go perfectly, we realize we survived. We learn and 9 from the experience. Think about the good things in your life — joining a club, making new friends, trying a difficult class. These often require a 10 of faith. Carroll suggests setting personal markers for 11 . For a recent triathlon, her goal wasn’t a fast time, but to 12 the experience. This made it feel more achievable. But how do we know if a challenge is manageable or too much? I thought speaking to a thousand people would be impossible for me. Carroll 13 . She asked, “What’s the worst that could happen? How different is it from speaking to a hundred?” I had no good answer. It was a 14 : maybe I am capable of more than I think. What we often see as too big a 15 usually isn’t. We just need to plan the steps to get there. 1．A．change B．trick C．reply D．game 2．A．wait B．enter C．look D．hope 3．A．anyway B．sometimes C．later D．alone 4．A．death B．success C．pain D．dream 5．A．lessons B．joys C．secrets D．threats 6．A．remember B．ignore C．collect D．bridge 7．A．boring B．scary C．exciting D．easy 8．A．luck B．ability C．patience D．kindness 9．A．hide B．suffer C．grow D．rest 10．A．act B．leap C．test D．moment 11．A．safety B．success C．wealth D．beauty 12．A．forget B．enjoy C．describe D．record 13．A．agreed B．laughed C．disagreed D．apologized 14．A．realization B．surprise C．regret D．disappointment 15．A．goal B．excuse C．challenge D．mistake 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了要正确看待恐惧并将其转化为成长动力。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个简单的小技巧帮助他们把自己的情绪看作动力。A. change改变；B. trick诡计，技巧，窍门；C. reply回复；D. game游戏。根据前文“Expert Zoe Carroll, a strategy coach, works with athletes and teaches them to say, “Here comes the energy” instead of “Here come the nerves.””可知，专家教运动员换一种说法来调整心态，这是一种应对情绪的小窍门、小方法。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想要躲在舒适区是很自然的，还会想：“我为什么要希望得到这个？！”A. wait等待；B. enter进入，报名参加；C. look看；D. hope希望。根据前文“hide in our comfort zone”和后文“for this”可知，人在害怕时会后悔当初对挑战抱有期待。故选D。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，真正的成长发生在我们感受到恐惧，却无论如何还是去做的时候。A. anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. sometimes有时；C. later后来；D. alone独自地。根据前文“However, real growth happens when we feel the fear and do it”可知，前后是转折关系，尽管感到恐惧，但无论如何还是要去做，这样才能成长。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡罗尔说，我们的恐惧系统常常把一切都视为生死攸关。A. death死亡；B. success成功；C. pain痛苦；D. dream梦想。根据前文“our fear system often treats everything as life or”可知，此处与“life”相对应，应是“death”，构成“生死攸关”的情况。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果我们缺乏经验，比如第一次演讲或多年后去健身房，恐惧会警告我们潜在的威胁：尴尬或失败。A. lessons课程；B. joys快乐；C. secrets秘密；D. threats威胁。根据后文“embarrassment or failure”可知，尴尬或失败是潜在的威胁。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过采取行动，我们弥补了这些信息差距。A. remember记得；B. ignore忽视；C. collect收集；D. bridge弥补，跨越。根据前文“By taking action”和后文“We learn the situation”可知，采取行动是为了弥补信息不足，了解真实情况，固定搭配bridge gaps“消除差距，补缺口”。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们了解到情况并不像我们身体所恐惧的那样可怕。A. boring无聊的；B. scary可怕的，吓人的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“fear”、“threats”可知，了解真实情况后，知道没有那么吓人。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次我们面对恐惧，我们都证明了自己的能力。A. luck运气；B. ability能力；C. patience耐心；D. kindness善良。根据前文“Every time we face a fear, we prove our”和后文“Even if things don’t go perfectly, we realize we survived”可知，面对恐惧并最终成功，能证明自己的能力。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们从经验中学习并成长。A. hide隐藏；B. suffer遭受；C. grow成长；D. rest休息。根据前文“real growth happens when we feel the fear and do it”、“We learn”可知，学习是为了成长。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些事往往需要信心的一跃。A. act行为；B. leap跳跃，飞跃；C. test测试；D. moment时刻。根据前文“Think about the good things in your life — joining a club, making new friends, trying a difficult class. These often require a”可知，做这些事情需要信念的飞跃，即相信自己能做到，a leap of faith“放手一搏，信心的飞跃”。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡罗尔建议为成功设定个人标尺。A. safety安全；B. success成功；C. wealth财富；D. beauty美丽。根据后文“For a recent triathlon, her goal wasn’t a fast time, but to ______ the experience. This made it feel more achievable.”可知，下文描述对于最近的一次铁人三项，她的目标不是速度快，而是享受这次经历，此处指的是对成功的定义和标准。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于最近的一次铁人三项，她的目标不是速度快，而是享受这次经历。A. forget忘记；B. enjoy享受；C. describe描述；D. record记录。根据前文“her goal wasn’t a fast time, but to”和后文“the experience”可知，目标不是速度快，是享受这次经历，放平心态去体验。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡罗尔不同意。A. agreed同意；B. laughed笑；C. disagreed不同意；D. apologized道歉。根据前文“I thought speaking to a thousand people would be impossible for me.”和后文“She asked, “What’s the worst that could happen? How different is it from speaking to a hundred?””可知，卡罗尔提出了问题，说明她不同意作者认为对一千人演讲是不可能的观点。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个领悟：也许我的能力比我想象的要强。A. realization领悟，认识；B. surprise惊讶；C. regret后悔；D. disappointment失望。根据后文“maybe I am capable of more than I think”可知，这是作者通过卡罗尔的问题领悟到的。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们常常觉得难以承受的挑战，通常并没有那么难。A. goal目标；B. excuse借口；C. challenge挑战；D. mistake错误。根据前文“a challenge is manageable or too much”可知，此处指的是挑战，我们常常觉得难以承受的挑战，通常并没有那么难。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）It’s believed that clever people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, 1 , are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline. Here are the three most common 2 language learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough There’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning 3 a “silent period“. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be 4 to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies in the 5 languages, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. A single method Some learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat practice in a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to 6 a foreign tongue. Each of these approaches is fine, but it’s a mistake to rely on only one. Language learners who use 7 methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways. What’s more, the 8 can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learners should seek a course that 9 the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking ). For self-study, try a 10 of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps. 376 It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of 11 or unsafety hinder (阻碍) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too 12 making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would 13 them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors 14 they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve. 1．A．however B．moreover C．furthermore D．therefore 2．A．successes B．wonders C．mistakes D．contributions 3．A．picks up B．begins with C．takes up D．meets with 4．A．efficient B．difficult C．easy D．pleasant 5．A．national B．official C．signal D．target 6．A．make sense of B．make use of C．make profit of D．make fun of 7．A．common B．educational C．lasting D．multiple 8．A．variety B．change C．improvement D．choices 9．A．delivers B．lacks C．measures D．includes 10．A．selection B．preference C．combination D．decoration 11．A．Complaints B．Fear C．Safety D．Limitation 12．A．humor B．shyness C．achievements D．laughter 13．A．confident in B．comfortable with C．keen on D．afraid of 14．A．amaze B．ignore C．ruin D．embarrass 15．A．if B．before C．in case D．so that 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了语言学习中的一些常见误区，以及如何纠正这些误区，从而更有效地学习语言。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数语言学习技能都是习惯，可以通过一点自律来养成。A. however然而；B. moreover此外；C. furthermore而且；D. therefore因此。根据上文“It’s believed that clever people are better at learning languages. (人们认为聪明的人更擅长学习语言。)”和下文“Most language learning skills, ____, are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline. (大多数语言学习技能都是习惯，可以通过一点自律来养成。)”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故应用however。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：以下是语言学习者最常犯的三个错误以及如何纠正它们。A. successes成功；B. wonders奇迹；C. mistakes错误；D. contributions贡献。根据下文“how to correct them”可知，此处指语言学习者最常犯的错误。故选C。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一派语言教学专家认为，语言学习始于“沉默期”。A. picks up捡起；B. begins with以……开始；C. takes up占据；D. meets with遇到。根据下文“Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn. (就像婴儿通过听和模仿声音来学习产生语言一样，语言学习者需要通过练习听力来学习。)”可知，语言学习始于“沉默期”，在此期间主要是练习听力。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听力是我们在日常生活中使用最多的交际技能，但除非你住在国外或参加语言课，否则很难练习。A. efficient有效率的；B. difficult困难的；C. easy容易的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据下文“unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes”可知，除非住在国外或参加语言课，否则练习听力是困难的。故选B。 5．考查形容词/名词义辨析。句意：解决办法？找目标语言的音乐、播客、电视节目和电影，尽可能多地听、听、听。A. national国家的；B. official官方的；C. signal信号；D. target目标。根据上文“Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies”可知，此处指找目标语言的音乐、播客、电视节目和电影。故选D。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些人需要一本语法教科书来理解一门外语。A. make sense of理解；B. make use of利用；C. make profit of谋取利益；D. make fun of取笑。根据上文“Some need a grammar textbook”可知，有些人需要一本语法教科书用来理解一门外语。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使用多种方法的语言学习者可以练习不同的技能，并以不同的方式解释概念。A. common共同的；B. educational教育的；C. lasting持久的；D. multiple多种的。根据上文“it’s a mistake to rely on only one”可知，只依靠一种方法是错误的，由此可知，此处指使用多种方法的语言学习者。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，这种多样性可以防止他们在一种一成不变的情况下学习。A. variety多样性；B. change改变；C. improvement改善；D. choices选择。根据上文“Language learners who use ____ methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways.”可知，使用多种方法可以带来多样性，由此可知，此处指这种多样性可以防止学习者在一成不变的情况下学习。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在选择课程时，学习者应该寻求一门包括四种语言技能（读、写、听、说）的课程。A. delivers递送；B. lacks缺乏；C. measures测量；D. includes包括。根据下文“the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking)”可知，此处指寻求一门包括读、写、听、说四种语言技能的课程。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于自学，尝试结合教科书、音频课程和语言学习的应用程序。A. selection选择；B. preference偏爱；C. combination结合；D. decoration装饰。根据下文“textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps”可知，此处指尝试结合教科书、音频课程和语言学习的应用程序来自学。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐惧。A. Complaints抱怨；B. Fear恐惧；C. Safety安全；D. Limitation限制。根据下文“feelings of ____ or unsafety hinder (阻碍) all their hard work”可知，不安全感会阻碍学习，由此可知，此处指恐惧。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个阶段，语言学习者应该冷静下来，害羞或不安全感会阻碍他们的所有努力。A. humor幽默；B. shyness害羞；C. achievements成就；D. laughter笑声。根据下文“In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. (在面子是一种强烈社会价值的东方文化中，英语作为外语的教师经常抱怨说，学生尽管学了多年英语，就是不肯说。)”可知，在东方文化中，学生因为害羞而不愿开口说英语。故选B。 13．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他们太害怕犯语法错误或发音错误而让自己难堪。A. confident in对……有信心；B. comfortable with对……感到舒适；C. keen on热衷于；D. afraid of害怕。根据上文“In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. (在面子是一种强烈社会价值的东方文化中，英语作为外语的教师经常抱怨说，学生尽管学了多年英语，就是不肯说。)”可知，学生因为害怕犯错让自己难堪而不愿开口说英语。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们太害怕犯语法错误或发音错误而让自己难堪。A. amaze使惊讶；B. ignore忽视；C. ruin毁灭；D. embarrass使尴尬。根据上文“In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value. (在面子是一种强烈社会价值的东方文化中)”可知，在东方文化中，面子是一种强烈社会价值，由此可知，此处指学生害怕犯错让自己难堪。故选D。 15．考查连词词义辨析。句意：关键是，这些错误通过向语言学习者展示语言的局限性来帮助他们，并在错误根深蒂固之前纠正它们。A. if如果；B. before在……之前；C. in case以防；D. so that以便。根据上文“correcting errors”以及下文“they become deep-rooted”可知，应该在错误根深蒂固之前纠正它们。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Self-confidence: one’s belief that they can meet all the demands of a task. Some people are born with it, and everyone else is out of 1 , right? Wrong! Self-confidence is not something people are born with, like their height or hair color. It’s a skill that anyone can start 2 today. One simple self-confidence builder is 3 self-talk. What you say to yourself 4 how you feel about yourself. Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try?” could ruin you. Instead, if you get a bad grade on a test, try saying “I’ll do better next time.” Rather than focusing on your failure, 5 ways that you can improve, and try again. Another way to 6 your confidence is to believe in yourself. Studies show that believing you can do something can increase your chance of success. If you put in the work to learn how to do something, believe in your ability. Don’t let 7 steal your energy and motivation away. One of the ugliest enemies of self-confidence is 8 yourself to others. Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence. 9 , it will make you proud. And thinking you are worse than others won’t make you 10 ; it will fill you with envy. Fight back by counting your blessings. Keep a journal and write down all the things that you’re 11 for. Facing your fears is another way to build self-confidence. You might have a(n) 12 for public speaking. But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it? Even if you fail, leaving your 13 zone can make you stronger. Don’t let fear become an obstacle in your journey toward excellence! Finally, showing kindness to others is a great way to build self-confidence. Showing kindness 14 you that you can make a difference in the world. When you make others feel good, you, 15 , feel good about yourself. 1．A．order B．luck C．curiosity D．habit 2．A．practicing B．delivering C．applying D．assigning 3．A．addictive B．independent C．positive D．energetic 4．A．maintains B．appoints C．limits D．influences 5．A．involve B．identify C．ignore D．indicate 6．A．shake B．inspire C．overcome D．share 7．A．concentration B．embarrassment C．fascination D．doubt 8．A．comparing B．communicating C．analyzing D．exposing 9．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．However D．Instead 10．A．humble B．intelligent C．negative D．confused 11．A．respectful B．grateful C．responsible D．regretful 12．A．talent B．anxiety C．mood D．occasion 13．A．range B．occupation C．comfort D．pressure 14．A．informs B．determines C．promises D．reminds 15．A．in turn B．in person C．in all D．in addition 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了任何人都可以通过练习建立自信，介绍了一些建立自信的方法。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人天生就有，其他人就没那么幸运了，对吧？A. order订单；B. luck运气；C. curiosity好奇心；D. habit习惯。根据上文“Some people are born with it, and everyone else is out of”可知，有些人天生有自信，而其他人则没那么幸运，短语out of luck表示“运气不好”。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一项任何人都可以从今天开始练习的技能。A. practicing练习；B. delivering递送；C. applying应用；D. assigning分配。根据上文“It’s a skill that anyone can start”以及后文介绍了增强自信的技巧，可知这是一项任何人都可以从今天开始练习的技能。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一种简单的建立自信的方法是积极的自我对话。A. addictive成瘾的；B. independent独立的；C. positive积极的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据后文“I’ll do better next time.(下次我会做得更好)”可知，此处指积极的自我对话。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你对自己说的话会影响你对自己的感觉。A. maintains维持；B. appoints任命；C. limits限制；D. influences影响。根据后文“Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try?” could ruin you.( 告诉自己“我什么都做不好”，或者问自己“我为什么要尝试？”可能会毁了你)”可知，你对自己说的话会影响你对自己的感觉。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其专注于你的失败，不如发现你可以改进的地方，然后再试一次。A. involve涉及；B. identify发现，识别；C. ignore忽视；D. indicate表明。根据后文“ways that you can improve, and try again”可知，指发现可以改进的地方，然后再试一次。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种激发自信的方法是相信自己。A. shake摇晃；B. inspire鼓舞，激励；C. overcome克服；D. share分享。根据后文“your confidence is to believe in yourself”可知，此处在介绍激发自信的方法，故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要让怀疑偷走你的能量和动力。A. concentration专心；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. fascination入迷；D. doubt怀疑。根据后文“steal your energy”可知，怀疑会偷走能量和动力，要相信自我。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自信最丑陋的敌人之一就是把自己和别人比较。A. comparing比较；B. communicating交流；C. analyzing分析；D. exposing暴露。根据后文“Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence.(认为自己比别人好不会给你信心)”可知，此处指和别人比较。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它会让你感到骄傲。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。根据后文“it will make you proud”可知，认为自己比别人好不会给你信心，相反，它会让你感到骄傲。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：认为自己比别人差不会让你变得谦虚；这会让你充满嫉妒。A. humble谦虚的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. negative消极的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“And thinking you are worse than others won’t make you”可知，认为自己比别人差不会让你变得谦虚；这会让你充满嫉妒。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坚持写日记，写下所有让你感恩的事情。A. respectful尊敬的；B. grateful感激的；C. responsible负责的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“Fight back by counting your blessings.(通过珍惜你的幸福来反击)”可知是写下所有让你感恩的事情。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能会对公开演讲感到焦虑。A. talent才能；B. anxiety焦虑；C. mood情绪；D. occasion时刻。根据后文“But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it?(但如果你从未克服恐惧并尝试过，你怎么知道呢？)”可知，but表示转折，故本句是在说明对公开演讲感到焦虑。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使你失败了，离开你的舒适区也能让你变得更强大。A. range范围；B. occupation职业；C. comfort安慰；D. pressure压力。上文“Facing your fears”提到了要面对恐惧，即勇于尝试，走出舒适区。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：表达善意提醒你，你可以改变世界。A. informs通知；B. determines决定；C. promises承诺；D. reminds提醒。根据后文“you that you can make a difference in the world”可知，表达善意提醒你，你可以改变世界。故选D。 15．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当你让别人感觉良好时，反过来你也会自我感觉良好。A. in turn反过来；B. in person亲自；C. in all总之；D. in addition此外。根据后文“feel good about yourself”可知，让别人感觉良好时，反过来你也会自我感觉良好。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Who Cooks the Most in Your Home? Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats. There’s often a 1 left to clean up at the end. Who 2 most of these duties? Gallup and Cookpad conducted a worldwide survey to find out. Data from their survey of trends in home cooking show that in almost every country in the world, women cooked more than men. In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four. The 3 , of course, leaves many women frustrated. Emily Kephart, a 41-year-old mother of two, says she enjoyed being in 4 of food when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation (平衡局面). “Now we have two children and two full-time jobs and I still do 100% of the grocery shopping and meal planning, and about 75% of the actual cooking or food preparation,” she says. While other duties are divided pretty 5 , Kephart says, she still gets annoyed with her spouse: “When I’m away or have other plans, more often than not my husband gets the ‘ 6 ’ ticket— they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets. Why does he get the free dinner pass?” The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy. This, several Italian-American readers say, 7 them not one bit. “For us Italians, knowing and creating good food is a matter of extreme 8 ,” writes Gabrielle DiFonzo. “Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage. For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes. Second generation Italian-American Olivia Box spent last year in Italy, and noticed that her male cousins were always cooking and talking about food. “Cooking for Italians is not a chore (苦差事) ; it is a part of their 9 ,” Box says. While women tend to cook more than men in the U.S., some men are starting to 10 the art and science of cooking as a hobby to be proud of. Lisa Kulisek from Chicago says her kids prefer her husband’s cooking. When they met, he couldn’t cook, so she taught him some 11 . He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and 12 it. Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s 13 : “Maybe we just have to 14 the men who are already cooking to do it more often. They might find it a great way to deal with stress while reducing their partner’s stress and 15 a great skill for their kids.” 1．A．gift B．mess C．tip D．warning 2．A．depends on B．longs for C．takes up D．turns down 3．A．disadvantage B．imbalance C．misunderstanding D．uncertainty 4．A．charge B．favor C．search D．pursuit 5．A．accurately B．fairly C．randomly D．strangely 6．A．cheap B．easy C．fresh D．rare 7．A．delighted B．embarrassed C．scared D．surprised 8．A．anxiety B．pressure C．pride D．shame 9．A．generosity B．identity C．opportunity D．personality 10．A．abandon B．embrace C．resist D．suspect 11．A．cooking basics B．gardening essentials C．language skills D．math principles 12．A．fallen in love with B．kept in touch with C．lost interest in D．make fun of 13．A．advice B．dream C．lead D．trouble 14．A．beg B．encourage C．force D．permit 15．A．fetching B．modeling C．ordering D．providing 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项全球调查显示，多数国家女性承担更多家务烹饪，这种失衡引发不满；仅意大利男性做饭更多，美国部分男性正将烹饪当作爱好。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后往往会留下一堆烂摊子需要清理。A. gift礼物；B. mess混乱；C. tip小费；D. warning警告。根据前文“Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats.”提及假日聚餐需要切菜、烤焙等一系列操作，后文出现“clean up”（清理）的动作提示，可知餐后会留下杂乱的局面。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：谁承担了大部分的责任？A. depends on依赖；B. longs for渴望；C. takes up承担；D. turns down拒绝。根据句意以及下文“most of these duties”可知，本句承接上文“餐后有一堆活儿要收拾”，提出问题“谁承担了这些职责的大部分”。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，这种不平衡让许多女性感到沮丧。A. disadvantage劣势；B. imbalance不平衡；C. misunderstanding误解；D. uncertainty不确定性。根据前文“In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four.”数据明确显示“女性每周做饭近9次，男性仅约4次”可知，这种家务分配的不均衡让很多女性感到沮丧。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：41岁的艾米丽·凯法特（Emily Kephart）是两个孩子的母亲，她说，当只有她和丈夫在一起的时候，她很喜欢负责食物，但有了孩子，这种平衡就改变了。A. charge负责、掌管；B. favor支持；C. search搜寻；D. pursuit追求。根据句意以及下文“when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation”可知，此处指“只有她和丈夫时，她很乐意负责饮食”，in charge of为固定短语，意为“负责、掌管”。故选A项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：凯法特称，虽然其他家务的分配还算相当公平，但她还是会对丈夫感到不满。“每当我外出或有其他安排时，我丈夫十有八九会选择‘省事方案’—— 要么点披萨，要么吃冷冻鸡块。A. accurately准确地；B. fairly公平地；C. randomly随机地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据下文“she still gets annoyed with her spouse”提到她还是会对丈夫感到不满，由此可知，虽然其他家务分配得相当公平，但她还是会对丈夫感到不满。故选B项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：凯法特称，虽然其他家务的分配还算相当公平，但她还是会对丈夫感到不满。“每当我外出或有其他安排时，我丈夫十有八九会选择‘省事方案’—— 要么点披萨，要么吃冷冻鸡块。A. cheap便宜的；B. easy容易的、省事的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. rare稀有的。根据后文“they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets”提到“点披萨、吃冷冻鸡块”，说明丈夫选择的是省事的解决办法。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些意大利裔美国读者说，这一点也不让他们感到惊讶。A. delighted高兴的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. scared害怕的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据前文“The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy.”提到 “意大利是唯一一个男性做饭比女性多的国家”可知，意大利裔读者表示这一点也不让他们惊讶，因为烹饪是意大利文化的一部分。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：加布里埃尔·迪方佐写道：“对我们意大利人来说，知道并创造美食是一件极其自豪的事情。”A. anxiety焦虑；B. pressure压力；C. pride自豪；D. shame羞耻。根据后文“For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes.”提到“烹饪被视为有男子气概的活动”，说明对意大利人来说，制作美食是极度自豪的事。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“为意大利人做饭不是一件苦差事；这是他们身份认同的一部分，”博克斯说。A. generosity慷慨；B. identity身份认同；C. opportunity机会；D. personality性格。根据前文“Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage.”强调“食物是意大利文化和遗产的重要部分”，因此烹饪对意大利人来说不是苦差事，而是他们身份认同的一部分。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然在美国，女性往往比男性更喜欢做饭，但一些男性开始把烹饪的艺术和科学作为一种值得自豪的爱好。A. abandon放弃；B. embrace欣然接受；C. resist抵制；D. suspect怀疑。根据句意以及下文“…cooking as a hobby to be proud of”可知，虽然美国女性做饭更多，但一些男性开始欣然接受烹饪的艺术与科学，将其视为值得骄傲的爱好。故选B项。 11．考查名词短语辨析。句意：当他们相遇时，他不会做饭，所以她教了他一些烹饪基础知识。A. cooking basics烹饪基础；B. gardening essentials园艺要领；C. language skills语言技能；D. math principles数学原理。  根据前文“When they met, he couldn’t cook”提到“他一开始不会做饭”，所以她教了他一些烹饪基础。故选A项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后，他自学了更多的烹饪科学知识，并爱上了烹饪。A. fallen in love with爱上；B. kept in touch with保持联系；C. lost interest in失去兴趣；D. make fun of取笑。根据前文“He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking”提到“他自学了更多烹饪的科学知识”，说明他对烹饪的态度是喜爱的。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：库利塞克希望更多的男人跟随她丈夫的脚步：“也许我们只需要鼓励那些已经在做饭的男人更多地做饭。”A. advice建议；B. dream梦想；C. lead范例，榜样；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文“Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s…”以及下文“who are already cooking to do it more often”可知，此处指希望更多男性效仿她丈夫，follow one’s lead 意为“效仿某人”为固定短语。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：库利塞克希望更多的男人跟随她丈夫的脚步：“也许我们只需要鼓励那些已经在做饭的男人更多地做饭。”A. beg乞求；B. encourage鼓励；C. force强迫；D. permit允许。根据下文“who are already cooking to do it more often”结合前文“希望更多男性效仿”的态度，此处应是鼓励那些已经在做饭的男性更频繁地下厨。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能会发现这是一种处理压力的好方法，同时可以减轻伴侣的压力，并为孩子提供一种很好的技能。A. fetching取来；B. modeling建模；C. ordering点餐；D. providing提供、传授。根据句意以及下文“a great skill for their kids”可知，此处为这或许是缓解压力、减轻伴侣负担，同时为孩子传授一项很棒技能的好方法。故选D项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·上海·阶段检测）Most high schools in the United States begin the school day early, often before the first rays of the sun peek over the horizon. The average start times 1 state by state from 7:40 am (Louisiana) to 8:33 a. m. (Alaska). For districts that are considering a later start, there are powerful statements from 2 associations. William E. Kobler, a physician and AMA (American Medical Association) board member stated, “We believe delaying school start times will 3 students get enough sleep, and that it will improve the overall mental and physical health of our nation’s young people.” 4 , there are several problems in delaying high school start times. Transportation Concerns: Early start times were 5 in order for school districts to provide bus transportation using the same buses for elementary and high school students. Later start time for high schools could require 6 buses or earlier elementary school start times. Parental Supervision: In a delayed start, there may be parents of high school students who will be 7 to drive students to school and get to work on time. This 8 would mean high school students would have the responsibility of getting themselves ready for school. If elementary schools start earlier, the dismissal (解散) time will be earlier as well, and that may 9 more hours of after-school daycare. Sports or Activities: For students who participate in sports or other activities, a delayed start will mean these activities will end several hours after school. The later hours could 10 the time for study, homework, and social activities. Coordination (协调) of sports schedules with other schools in area leagues or divisions would be 11 unless all other participating schools also delayed sports schedules. Community use of school 12 would be delayed as well. Employment: Many students work to save money for college or another career-related goal. Employers of teens would have to 13 the work schedules for students if school dismissal times were to change. If elementary schools begin earlier, there would be a need to 14 afterschool daycare opportunities. High school students, however would not be 15 to work in a daycare for the first hour or two. Any move to start school later will require great changes in daily schedules. As a result, school administrators should think twice before taking steps. 1．A．last B．range C．exist D．happen 2．A．medical B．athletic C．scientific D．educational 3．A．prove B．ensure C．suggest D．arrange 4．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However 5．A．set off B．held back. C．carried out D．turned over 6．A．regular B．punctual C．additional D．temporary 7．A．reliable B．agreeable C．essential D．unable 8．A．shift B．event C．request D．concept 9．A．prevent B．require C．offer D．encourage 10．A．limit B．remove C．enhance D．maintain 11．A．simple B．exact C．difficult D．urgent 12．A．associations B．organizations C．assignments D．facilities 13．A．extend B．adjust C．divide D．avoid 14．A．seize B．abandon C．reduce D．increase 15．A．available B．comfortable C．careful D．efficient 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文为说明文。主要讨论了美国高中开学时间的问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个州的平均开始时间从早上7:40（路易斯安那州）到8:33（阿拉斯加）不等。A. last持续；B. range变化，变动；C. exist存在；D. happen发生。根据后文“from 7:40 am (Louisiana) to 8:33 a. m. (Alaska)”可知，此处在讲述早上开始上课的时间范围变化。故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些考虑推迟启动的地区，医学协会发表了强有力的声明。A. medical医学的；B. athletic运动的；C. scientific科学的；D. educational教育的。根据后文“William E. Kobler, a physician and AMA (American Medical Association) board member stated”可知，是医学协会发表了强有力的声明。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生兼美国医学会董事会成员William E. Kobler表示：“我们相信推迟上学时间将确保学生获得足够的睡眠，并将改善我国年轻人的整体身心健康。”A. prove证明；B. ensure确保；C. suggest建议；D. arrange安排。根据后文“students get enough sleep”结合选项可知，推迟上学时间，应是能确保学生获得足够的睡眠。故选B项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，推迟高中开学时间存在几个问题。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover而且；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据后文“there are several problems in delaying high school start times.”可知，和前文内容形成转折关系，用However连接。故选D项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：提前上课时间是为了让各学区用同一辆校车接送小学生和中学生。A. set off出发；B. held back隐瞒；C. carried out执行；D. turned over翻转。根据前文“Early start times”可知，此处表述提前上课时间这件事被执行。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：推迟高中的上课时间可能需要额外的校车或提前小学的上课时间。A. regular规律的；B. punctual准时的；C. additional额外的；D. temporary临时的。根据前文“Early start times were 　　　　5　　　　 in order for school districts to provide bus transportation using the same buses for elementary and high school students.”可知，提前上课，可以同一辆校车接送小学生和中学生，如果推迟高中的上课时间，就会需要额外的校车。故选C项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在推迟上课的情况下，可能会有高中生的父母无法按时开车送学生上学和上班。A. reliable可靠的；B. agreeable令人愉快的；C. essential必要的；D. unable不能的。根据后文“This 　　　　8　　　　 would mean high school students would have the responsibility of getting themselves ready for school.”可知，高中生将需要自己准备好上学，也就是父母无法按时开车送学生上学和上班。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一转变意味着高中生将需要自己准备好上学。A. shift改变；B. event事件；C. request请求；D. concept概念。根据前文“In a delayed start”可知，推迟上课时间，应是一种改变。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果小学开学较早，放学时间也会较早，这可能需要更多的课后日托时间。A. prevent阻止；B. require要求；C. offer提供；D. encourage鼓励。根据前文“If elementary schools start earlier, the dismissal (解散) time will be earlier as well”可知，小学上课早，那么放学也早，但是父母在上班，所以是需要更多的课后日托时间。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：较晚的时间可能会限制学习、家庭作业和社会活动的时间。A. limit限制；B. remove移除；C. enhance增强；D. maintain保持。根据前文“For students who participate in sports or other activities, a delayed start will mean these activities will end several hours after school.”可知，体育活动将在放学后几个小时才结束，意味着，学习、家庭作业和社会活动的时间就会减少，会形成限制。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除非所有其他参与学校也推迟体育活动时间，否则与地区联赛或分区内的其他学校在体育活动日程上的协调将变得困难。A. simple简单的；B. exact精确的；C. difficult困难的；D. urgent紧急的。根据后文“unless all other participating schools also delayed sports schedules.”可知，除非所有其他参与学校也推迟体育活动时间，时间协调一致，否则协调如此多的学校时间，应是困难的。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社区对学校设施的使用也将被推迟。A. associations协会；B. organizations组织；C. assignments任务；D. facilities设施。根据前文“a delayed start will mean these activities will end several hours after school.”可知，学生需要使用学校体育设施到比较晚的时间，所以社区对学校体育设施的使用也将被推迟。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果学校要改变放学时间，雇佣青少年的雇主将不得不为学生调整工作时间表。A. extend延伸；B. adjust调整；C. divide分开；D. avoid避免。根据后文“if school dismissal times were to change.”可知，如果学校要改变放学时间，那么雇主将不得不为学生调整工作时间表。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果小学开学时间提前，就需要增加课后日托的机会。A. seize抓住；B. abandon放弃；C. reduce减少；D. increase增加。根据前文“If elementary schools start earlier, the dismissal (解散) time will be earlier as well, and that may 　　　　9　　　　 more hours of after-school daycare.”可知，如果小学开学时间提前，就需要增加课后日托的机会。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在最初的一两个小时里，高中生可能无法去日托机构工作。A. available可获得的，有空的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. careful小心的；D. efficient高效的。根据前文“High school students, however”中的转折可知，小学生的课后日托需要增加，但是高中生可能没有空去日托机构工作。故选A项。 话题2 人与社会（共5篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in books from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new 1 : “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” In the past, students understood that hard work was not 2 ; an A demanded great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the 3 of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In a recent survey, 4 , two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes. The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a 5 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck found praising kids for their abilities weakened their flexibility and led to a (n) 6 mindset, making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks. However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and 7 learning. The idea of celebrating persistence quickly made its way into widely-shared articles, 8 books and popular TED talks. The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far. We’ve gone from 9 effort to treating it as an end-in itself. We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job, 10 being a good person. What worries me most is that it can motivate people to 11 bad strategies instead of developing better ones. A textbook example is burning the midnight oil rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents 12 kids a more balanced message. We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons. The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain but to ask how you could have gotten a better return on your 13 . A’s are not granted for effort itself; they’re 14 through mastery of the material. The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you 15 . 1．A．complaint B．assignment C．theory D．essay 2．A．practical B．vast C．adequate D．complex 3．A．proof B．quantity C．hope D．chance 4．A．for example B．by contrast C．in addition D．above all 5．A．discussion B．report C．misunderstanding D．feeling 6．A．embarrassed B．fixed C．confused D．pleased 7．A．avoid B．maintain C．cancel D．boost 8．A．best-selling B．printed C．amazing D．certified 9．A．challenging B．preventing C．applauding D．wasting 10．A．let alone B．regardless of C．as to D．in spite of 11．A．give up B．compete with C．race against D．stick to 12．A．send B．burden C．miss D．owe 13．A．responsibility B．investment C．memory D．attitude 14．A．absorbed B．signaled C．earned D．broadcast 15．A．reflect on B．take out C．subject to D．tear apart 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了当下学生认为努力应与成绩挂钩的现象，分析其源于对教育理论的误解，并提出正确的学习评价导向。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近，很多学生有了一个新的抱怨：“我的成绩没有反映出我在这门课上付出的努力。”A. complaint抱怨；B. assignment任务；C. theory理论；D. essay文章。根据下文“My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.”可知，这是学生的一种抱怨。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去，学生们明白努力是不够的；得A需要出色的表现。A. practical实际的；B. vast广阔的；C. adequate足够的；D. complex复杂的。根据下文“an A demanded great work”可知，得A需要出色的表现，所以此处表示学生们明白努力是不够的。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如今，许多学生期望因为他们的努力量而不是知识质量而得到奖励。A. proof证据；B. quantity数量；C. hope希望；D. chance机会。根据下文“rather than the quality of their knowledge”可知，如今学生期望得到奖励的原因是努力的数量，而不是知识的质量。故选B。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在最近的一项调查中，三分之二的大学生表示“努力尝试”应该是他们成绩的一个因素，三分之一的人认为他们仅仅因为出席了（大部分）课程就应该至少得B。A. for example例如；B. by contrast相比之下；C. in addition此外；D. above all最重要的是。根据上文“Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the ______ of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.”以及下文“two-thirds of college students say that ‘trying hard’ should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for showing up at (most) classes.”可知，下文是对上文表述的观点的举例说明。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对最受欢迎的教育理论之一的一种误解的结果。A. discussion讨论；B. report报告；C. misunderstanding误解；D. feeling感觉。根据下文“The problem is that we’ve taken this practice too far.”可知，此处表示现在的情况是对教育理论的一种误解。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一代多以前，心理学家卡罗尔·德韦克发现，表扬孩子的能力会削弱他们的灵活性，导致一种固定的心态，使他们在遇到挫折时更容易气馁或放弃。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. fixed固定的；C. confused困惑的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“making them more likely to get discouraged or give up when they encountered setbacks.”可知，表扬孩子的能力会导致一种固定的心态。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，将表扬从智力转向努力可以培养一种发展的心态，促进学习。A. avoid避免；B. maintain维持；C. cancel取消；D. boost促进。根据上文“a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset”可知，将表扬从智力转向努力可以促进学习。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：赞美坚持不懈的想法很快在广泛传播的文章、畅销书和受欢迎的TED演讲中流行起来。A. best-selling畅销的；B. printed印刷的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. certified被认证的。根据上文“widely-shared articles”和下文“popular TED talks”可知，此处与上下文并列，表示赞美坚持不懈的想法在畅销书中也流行起来。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经从赞扬努力变成了把努力本身当作目的。A. challenging挑战；B. preventing阻止；C. applauding赞扬；D. wasting浪费。根据上文“The Gen Z are not at fault. It’s the result of a ______ about one of the most popular educational theories.”以及“However, a shift in praise from intelligence to effort could cultivate a developed mindset and  ______  learning.”可知，之前是赞扬努力，现在把努力本身当作目的。故选C。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们没有提醒一代孩子，努力工作并不能保证做好工作，更不用说成为一个好人了。A. let alone更不用说；B. regardless of不管；C. as to至于；D. in spite of尽管。根据上文“We’ve failed to remind a generation of kids that working hard doesn’t guarantee doing a good job,”以及语境可知，此处表示努力工作不能保证做好工作，更不用说成为一个好人了。故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最让我担心的是，这会激励人们坚持不好的策略，而不是开发更好的策略。A. give up放弃；B. compete with与……竞争；C. race against与……赛跑；D. stick to坚持。根据下文“bad strategies instead of developing better ones.”可知，这会激励人们坚持不好的策略。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师和家长应该给孩子一个更平衡的信息。A. send发送；B. burden负担；C. miss错过；D. owe欠，应给予。根据“We award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest for good reasons.”可知，此处表示老师和家长有责任给孩子传递更平衡的观点。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对令人失望的成绩最理想的反应不是抱怨，而是问问你如何能在你的投资上获得更好的回报。A. responsibility责任；B. investment投资；C. memory记忆；D. attitude态度。根据上文“My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.”可知，努力是一种投资，所以此处表示问问如何能在投资上获得更好的回报。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：A不是因为努力本身而授予的；它们是通过掌握材料而获得的。A. absorbed吸收；B. signaled示意；C. earned获得；D. broadcast广播。根据下文“through mastery of the material”可知，A是通过掌握材料而获得的。故选C。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：是你获得的知识和技能。A. reflect on反思；B. take out取出；C. subject to使服从；D. tear apart撕开。根据上文“The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in.”以及语境可知，衡量学习的真正标准不是你投入的时间和精力，而是你从中取出的知识和技能，即“你掌握的知识和技能”。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing. Here’s a look at some of the benefits that come with 1 sports and exercise. One of the most obvious benefits of students participating in sports is the improvement in 2 health. Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, 3 the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases, and strengthen the cardiovascular system. Students who are physically active often report having more energy. Another advantage is the 4 impact on mental health. Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and 5 which are common issues among students 6 academic pressure. Physical activity releases endorphins, the “feel-good” hormones, which can 7 mood and overall mental well-being. Participating in team sports can also enhance 8 skills. Students learn the importance of teamwork, communication, and leadership. These skills are not only valuable on the playing field but also in the classroom and later in the 9 world. Physical activity is also linked to better academic performance. Studies have shown that students who exercise 10 tend to have improved concentration, memory, and cognitive function. This can lead to better 11 achievements and a more successful educational experience. Engaging in sports can also help students develop important life skills such as discipline, perseverance, and time management. These traits are essential for setting and achieving 12 , both in sports and in personal aspects of life. 13 , regular physical activity can play a crucial role in building self-confidence and self-esteem. As students master new skills and see improvements in their performance, they gain a sense of 14 that can boost their self-worth. This increased confidence can translate into other areas of their lives, making them more likely to take on new challenges and pursue their dreams with 15 . 1．A．adapting to B．engaging in C．accounting for D．complaining about 2．A．physical B．mental C．emotional D．financial 3．A．increase B．support C．boost D．reduce 4．A．negative B．ideal C．positive D．short 5．A．anxiety B．happiness C．commitment D．relaxation 6．A．in addition to B．instead of C．due to D．regardless of 7．A．decrease B．improve C．affect D．ignore 8．A．academic B．genuine C．social D．personal 9．A．professional B．amateur C．inexperienced D．fantasy 10．A．rarely B．regularly C．hardly D．immediately 11．A．athletic B．academic C．artistic D．administrative 12．A．plans B．goals C．skills D．obstacles 13．A．However B．Therefore C．Consequently D．Furthermore 14．A．failure B．security C．accomplishment D．responsibility 15．A．luck B．surprise C．enthusiasm D．balance 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了规律体育活动对学生的益处，包括改善身心健康、提升社交与人生技能、助力学业表现及建立自信等。 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：以下为大家介绍参与运动和锻炼所带来的部分益处。A. adapting to适应、适合；B. engaging in参与、从事；C. accounting for解释、说明、占比；D. complaining about抱怨、埋怨。根据上文“Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing.”可知，文章主要讲述了体育活动的好处。由此可知，空处指的是参与运动和锻炼。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生参与运动最显著的益处之一是身体健康的改善。A. physical身体的、生理的、物理的；B. mental心理的、精神的、智力的；C. emotional情绪的、情感的；D. financial财务的、金融的、经济的。根据下文“Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight,  ____3____ the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases, and strengthen the cardiovascular system.”可知，本段讲述的是身体健康方面的改善。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：规律锻炼有助于维持健康体重、降低慢性病风险，并强化心血管系统。A. increase增加、提高；B. support支持、支撑、拥护；C. boost提升、促进、增强；D. reduce减少、降低、缩减。根据空后“the risk of chronic (慢性的) diseases”以及上文的“maintain a healthy weight”和下文的“strengthen the cardiovascular system”可推测，规律锻炼的积极作用是降低慢性病风险。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个优势是对心理健康的积极影响。A. negative消极的、负面的、否定的；B. ideal理想的、完美的、想象的；C. positive积极的、正面的、肯定的；D. short短暂的、短的、短缺的。根据下文“Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and  ____5____ which are common issues among students  ____6____ academic pressure.”可知，本段讲述的是运动对心理健康的影响是积极的。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，锻炼能减轻压力和焦虑——这些都是学生因学业压力而面临的常见问题。A. anxiety焦虑、忧虑、不安；B. happiness幸福、快乐、愉悦；C. commitment承诺、投入、奉献；D. relaxation放松、休闲、缓和。根据空后“which are common issues among students”以及上文的“stress”可推测，压力和焦虑是学生常见的心理问题。故选A。 6．考查短语词义辨析。句意：事实证明，锻炼能减轻压力和焦虑——这些都是学生因学业压力而面临的常见问题。A. in addition to除……之外（还）；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. due to由于、因为；D. regardless of不管、不顾、无论。根据空后“academic pressure”可推测，空后是压力和焦虑的原因。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育活动会释放内啡肽，这种“快乐荷尔蒙”能改善情绪，提升整体心理健康水平。A. decrease减少、降低；B. improve改善、提高、改进；C. affect影响、打动；D. ignore忽视、忽略、不理睬。根据上文“Exercise has been shown to reduce stress and  ____5____ which are common issues among students  ____6____ academic pressure.”可推测，体育活动能改善情绪。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与团队运动还能提升社交技能。A. academic学术的、学业的、教学的；B. genuine真诚的、真实的、真正的；C. social社交的、社会的；D. personal个人的、私人的、亲自的。根据下文“Students learn the importance of teamwork, communication, and leadership.”可知，这些都是社交技能。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些技能不仅在赛场上极具价值，在课堂上以及未来的职场中也同样实用。A. professional职业的、专业的、专业人士的；B. amateur业余的、爱好者的；C. inexperienced无经验的、不熟练的；D. fantasy幻想的、虚构的、想象的。根据上文“These skills are not only valuable on the playing field but also in the classroom”以及空前的“later”可推测，前文提到这些技能在赛场和课堂上有价值，而以后自然指的是未来的职业领域。故选A。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，规律锻炼的学生往往注意力、记忆力和认知功能都会有所提升。A. rarely很少、罕见地、难得地；B. regularly定期地、规律地、经常；C. hardly几乎不、简直不；D. immediately立即、马上、立刻。根据上文“Regular physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and this is particularly true for students who are still growing and developing.”可知，此处指的是规律锻炼的学生。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有助于他们取得更优异的学业成绩，拥有更成功的求学经历。A. athletic运动的、体育的、健壮的；B. academic学术的、学业的、理论的；C. artistic艺术的、有艺术天赋的；D. administrative行政的、管理的、行政事务的。根据上文“Physical activity is also linked to better academic performance.”以及常识可知，提升注意力、记忆力和认知功能会带来更好的学业成就。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些品质对于在运动领域和个人生活中设定并实现目标至关重要。A. plans计划、方案、打算；B. goals目标、目的、球门；C. skills技能、技巧、本领；D. obstacles障碍、阻碍、妨碍物。根据空前的“setting and achieving”以及常识可知，自律、毅力和时间管理是实现目标的关键品质。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，规律的体育活动在建立自信心和自尊心方面也发挥着关键作用。A. However然而、可是、无论如何；B. Therefore因此、所以、因而；C. Consequently因此、结果、所以；D. Furthermore此外、而且、再者。上文已列举运动在身体健康、心理健康、社交技能、学业表现、人生技能等方面的益处。因此，此处的“建立自信和自尊”是额外的益处，表递进关系。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当学生掌握新技能并看到自己的表现有所进步时，会产生一种成就感，这种感觉能提升他们的自我价值感。A. failure失败、不及格、失败者；B. security安全、保障、安全感；C. accomplishment成就、完成、功绩；D. responsibility责任、职责、义务。根据上文“As students master new skills and see improvements in their performance”可知，学生掌握新技能、看到自身进步时，会获得成就感，这能提升自我价值感。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种增强的自信心会延伸到生活的其他领域，让他们更愿意迎接新的挑战，以饱满的热情追求自己的梦想。A. luck运气、幸运、好运；B. surprise惊喜、惊讶、意外；C. enthusiasm热情、热忱、热衷的事物；D. balance平衡、均衡、天平。根据上文“This increased confidence can translate into other areas of their lives”可知，增强的自信会让学生更愿意以热情迎接新挑战、追求梦想。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）How You Search the Internet Can Strengthen Your Beliefs   People’s views are becoming more and more polarized (两极化), with “echo chambers (信息茧房)” — social bubbles that strengthen existing beliefs — worsening disagreements. This polarization (两极化) is not 1 to political opinions; it also covers everyday topics, from climate change to vaccination.   And social media is not the only 2 contributing to it, according to a recent study 3 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. It turns out that people use search engines in ways that 4 their long-held beliefs, worsening polarization. The researchers suggest that a simple 5 to search algorithms (搜索算法) could help provide a wider variety of perspectives.   Online participants were asked to rate their beliefs on six topics, including nuclear energy and caffeine’s health effects. They then 6 search terms (搜索关键词) to learn more about each topic. The researchers 7 the range of the terms and found that between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow”. 8 , when researching the health effects of caffeine, one participant used “caffeine negative effects”, whereas others used “benefits of caffeine”.   These narrow terms tended to 9 participants’ existing beliefs, and generally less than 10 percent did this knowingly. “People often pick search terms that 10 what they believe, without realizing it,” says Eugenia Leung of Tulane University’s business school, who led the study. “Search algorithms are designed to give the most 11 answers for whatever we type, which 12 to support what we already thought.” 13 , this pattern worked when participants used ChatGPT and Bing for searches assisted by artificial intelligence.   When the researchers randomly (随机地) 14 participants to view different results, they saw those results affect people’s opinions and even behavior. For instance, participants who saw search results using “nuclear energy is good” held a more positive view about nuclear energy afterward than those using “nuclear energy is bad”. People who saw results using “caffeine health benefits”, rather than “ 15 ”, were more likely to choose a caffeinated drink afterward. 1．A．pressured B．set C．delivered D．limited 2．A．factor B．result C．solution D．problem 3．A．announced B．published C．released D．advertised 4．A．allow B．expect C．change D．deepen 5．A．adjustment B．connection C．limitation D．agreement 6．A．made B．included C．chose D．ignored 7．A．collect B．update C．calculate D．evaluate 8．A．On the whole B．On the contrary C．In short D．For example 9．A．confuse B．match C．oppose D．understand 10．A．reflect B．repeat C．review D．recycle 11．A．relevant B．available C．capable D．genuine 12．A．turns out B．sets out C．gets down D．goes on 13．A．Obviously B．Similarly C．Ironically D．Fortunately 14．A．forced B．assigned C．enabled D．ordered 15．A．symptoms B．mistakes C．risks D．strengths 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人们使用搜索引擎时倾向于选择符合自身观点的搜索词，导致信息茧房和观点两极分化，建议人们调整搜索算法以提供多元视角。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种两极分化不仅限于政治观点。A. pressured紧迫的；B. set安排好的；C. delivered被运送；D. limited受限制的。根据下文“it also covers everyday topics, from climate change to vaccination.(它还涵盖了各种日常话题，从气候变化到疫苗接种等方面的内容)”可知，这种两级分化并不仅仅受限于政治观点，还有各种日常话题。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据美国《国家科学院院刊》近期发表的一项研究显示，社交媒体并非造成这一现象的唯一因素。A. factor因素；B. result结果；C. solution解决办法；D. problem问题。根据下文“It turns out that people use search engines in ways that 　　 their long-held beliefs, worsening polarization.(研究表明，人们使用加深其固有信念的方式使用搜索引擎，加剧社会的两极分化)”可知，人们使用搜索引擎的方式也会导致两极分化，说明社交媒体并非造成这一现象的唯一因素。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：据美国《国家科学院院刊》近期发表的一项研究显示，社交媒体并非造成这一现象的唯一因素。A. announced宣布；B. published出版、发表；C. released释放、发行；D. advertised登广告。根据a recent study可知，这里指美国《国家科学院院刊》近期发表的一项研究。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人们使用加深其固有信念的方式使用搜索引擎，从而加剧了社会的两极分化。A. allow允许；B. expect期望；C. change改变；D. deepen加深。根据上文“People’s views are becoming more and more polarized (两极化), with “echo chambers (信息茧房)” — social bubbles that strengthen existing beliefs—worsening disagreements.(人们的观点越来越两极分化，而“信息茧房”——强化现有信念的社交泡沫——加剧了分歧)”可知，人们使用搜索引擎的方式加剧了社会的两极分化，说明这些方式加深了他们的固有信念。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员指出，对搜索算法进行一个简单的调整就能有助于提供更多的不同视角。A. adjustment调整；B. connection联系；C. limitation限制；D. agreement协议。根据第4小题可知，们使用搜索引擎的方式会加深固有信念，导致观点的两极分化，而本句中“could help provide a wider variety of perspectives”说明研究者希望通过某种方式帮助提供更广泛的视角，因此，这里需要一个表示“调整”或“改进”的词，以解决当前搜索算法的问题。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，他们选择了相关搜索词，以便更深入地了解每个主题。A. made制造；B. included包括；C. chose选择；D. ignored忽视。根据search terms和常识可知，他们应该是选择相关的搜索词进行搜索，从而在网上了解每个主题。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员对这些搜索词的范围进行了评估，结果发现其中9%至34%的搜索词（具体比例取决于所讨论的主题）属于“狭窄”范畴。A. collect搜集；B. update更新；C. calculate计算；D. evaluate评估。根据句中“found that between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow.””可知，研究人员的发现应该是对这些搜索词范围的评估结果。故选D。 8．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在研究咖啡因对健康的影响时，一位参与者使用了“咖啡因的负面影响”这一表述，而其他参与者则使用了“咖啡因的益处”这一表述。A. On the whole总体而言；B. On the contrary相反地；C. In short简而言之；D. For example例如。该句是以研究咖啡因对健康的影响为例，来说明上文提到的研究人员的评估结果“between 9 and 34 percent (depending on the topic) were “narrow.””，故是举例说明。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些狭窄范围的搜索词往往与参与者原有的观念相契合，而实际上只有不到 10% 的人是出于有意为之才这样做。A. confuse使困惑；B. match使……相配、与……相符；C. oppose反对；D. understand理解。根据“and generally less than 10 percent did this knowingly.”可知，不到10%的人是出于有意才用这些狭窄范围的搜索词，说明其他使用者应该是因为这些词与他们原有的信念相符合，所以不知不觉地就使用了它们。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“人们在选择搜索关键词时，往往会选择那些能够反映他们内心想法的词汇，而他们自己往往并未意识到这一点，”领导这项研究的杜兰大学商学院的Eugenia Leung说。A. reflect反映；B. repeat重复；C. review复习、回顾；D. recycle回收利用。根据上文“These narrow terms tended to 　　 participants’ existing beliefs,(这些狭窄范围的搜索词往往与参与者原有的观念相契合)”可知，人们不知不觉选择的那些搜索词与他们原有的观念一致，这些词能够反映他们内心的想法、信念。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：搜索算法旨在根据我们输入的内容给出最相关的答案，结果证明这支持了我们原有的想法。A. relevant相关的；B. available可用的；C. capable有能力的；D. genuine真正的。根据常识可知，人们输入搜索关键词后，网络会给出与关键词最有关联的答案，这也是搜索算法的设计目的。故选A。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：搜索算法旨在根据我们输入的内容给出最相关的答案，结果证明这支持了我们原有的想法。A. turns out证明是、结果是；B. sets out出发、开始；C. gets down下车；D. goes on继续。根据上文“People often pick search terms that 　　 what they believe,(人们在选择搜索关键词时，往往会选择那些能够反映他们内心想法的词汇)”可知，人们往往会根据自己内心想法输入关键词进行搜索，而得出的答案结果也是支持了人们原有的想法。故选A。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样地，当参与者使用由人工智能辅助的 ChatGPT 和 Bing 进行搜索时，这种模式也发挥了作用。A. Obviously显然地；B. Similarly同样地、相似地；C. Ironically讽刺地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据第12小题和ChatGPT、Bing及常识可知，这两种AI辅助的软件也是使用的搜索算法，所以同样会根据我们输入的内容给出最相关的、支持我们原有想法的答案。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当研究人员将参与者随机分配去观看不同的结果时，他们发现这些结果会对人们的看法乃至行为产生影响。A. forced强迫；B. assigned分配、分派；C. enabled使能够；D. ordered命令。根据randomly和常识可知，研究人员应该是将参与者进行随机分配，去观看不同的结果，而不是强迫或命令。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些看到“咖啡因有益健康”相关研究结果的人，相比看到“咖啡因存在风险”相关研究结果的人，之后更有可能选择饮用含咖啡因的饮品。A. symptoms症状；B. mistakes错误；C. risks风险；D. strengths长处。根据““caffeine health benefits,” rather than”可知，空处应与benefits意义相反，所以这里指看到的结果是咖啡因对健康的益处而不是风险。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Between 1980 and 2019, the world’s most developed countries saw their birth rates decline from 1.85 to 1.53 per woman. Analyzed across all rich countries, birth rates among those where childcare is fully 1 are as low as those where parents pay expensive fees — the link between births and total spending on family-friendly policies is 2 . This often causes head-scratching, but it should not 3 , the decision on whether to have children, and how many if so, turned out to be about far more than money. Of course, family-friendly policies can have other positive impacts on individuals and on society. They make it easier for those who have already had children to 4 family and work. They ease child poverty. But when it comes to the heavy lifting on birth rates, 5 is more powerful than policy. There are a number of different but related 6 at play. First is the rapid rise of so-called helicopter parenting. The realization that a comfortable life has become impossible to acquire without a top-quality education has sparked intense competition between 7 . They feel pressured to invest huge amounts of time and effort into 8 their kids’ upbringing. In 1965, mothers of young children in developed countries spent an average of an hour a day doing activities with their kids. By 2018 that had risen to three hours, and in Korea approaching four. Korea’s fertility rate (生育率) has dropped to 0.72, while in France, where parenting is much less 9 , birth rates have held up well and now stand at 1.8. The second big reason is changing priorities for young adults. A study last year by Lyman Stone, an economist, shows that the priority that most 10 birth rates among young women is the desire to grow as a person and to focus on their career. 11 over the demands of helicopter parenting also rank high. Childcare costs come in at a lowly 14th place. Finally, and arguably most importantly, the share of young adults in the west living as a couple is in decline. With women increasingly able to support themselves financially, one traditional reason for 12 has faded away. This helps explain why the most recent downward trend in births has been driven by a(n) 13 in the number of young people deciding not to have any child at all. Birth rates in developed countries look virtually unlikely to return to replacement level (生育更替的正常水平) any time soon. If they 14 do so, it will most likely be due to broad social and cultural changes, not policy. There’s nothing wrong with governments pursuing family-friendly packages for other reasons, but if they’re worrying about ageing and shrinking populations, then they need to find other 15 . 1．A．discussed B．investigated C．funded D．illustrated 2．A．profound B．temporary C．immediate D．minor 3．A．In fact B．On the contrary C．In addition D．As a result 4．A．overstate B．prioritize C．balance D．compare 5．A．education B．culture C．finance D．marriage 6．A．theories B．questions C．factors D．effects 7．A．schools B．parents C．investors D．children 8．A．delaying B．recording C．improving D．checking 9．A．hands-down B．hands-off C．hands-on D．hands-up 10．A．weakens B．divides C．settles D．represents 11．A．Debates B．Concerns C．Conflicts D．Misunderstandings 12．A．setting out B．speaking up C．breaking down D．partnering up 13．A．increase B．belief C．failure D．investment 14．A．obviously B．regretfully C．naturally D．magically 15．A．justifications B．solutions C．outlets D．reflections 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了发达国家生育率下降的现象，并分析了其背后的原因。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在分析所有富裕国家后发现，那些儿童保育完全由政府资助的国家的生育率，和那些父母支付昂贵费用的国家的生育率一样低，也就是说，生育与家庭友好政策总支出之间的联系是微不足道的。A. discussed讨论；B. investigated调查；C. funded资助；D. illustrated说明。根据下文“parents pay expensive fees”可知，此处是对比儿童保育由政府资助和父母自费的情况。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在分析所有富裕国家后发现，那些儿童保育完全由政府资助的国家的生育率，和那些父母支付昂贵费用的国家的生育率一样低，也就是说，生育与家庭友好政策总支出之间的联系是微不足道的。A. profound深远的；B. temporary暂时的；C. immediate立即的；D. minor次要的，微不足道的。根据上文“birth rates among those where childcare is fully ____ are as low as those where parents pay expensive fees”可知，无论是否公费，生育率都低，这表明家庭友好政策的支出和生育率之间的关联性很小。故选D。 3．考查固定短语辨析。句意：这常常令人困惑，但其实事实上，是否要孩子以及如果要的话要几个的决定，远不止是钱的问题。A. In fact事实上；B. On the contrary相反；C. In addition此外；D. As a result结果。根据上文“This often causes head-scratching, but”以及下文“turned out to be about far more than money”可知，此处是在说明实际情况，用于引出补充性强调。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们让那些已经有孩子的人更容易平衡家庭和工作。A. overstate夸大；B. prioritize优先考虑；C. balance平衡；D. compare比较。根据下文“family and work”及常识可知，此处是固定搭配balance family and work，意为“平衡家庭和工作”。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当涉及到提高生育率的关键作用时，文化比政策更有影响力。A. education教育；B. culture文化；C. finance金融；D. marriage婚姻。根据下文“helicopter parenting”以及“changing priorities for young adults”可知，此处强调文化的作用。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有许多不同但相关的因素在起作用。A. theories理论；B. questions问题；C. factors因素；D. effects影响。根据下文“First is the rapid rise of so-called helicopter parenting. ”、“The second big reason is changing priorities for young adults.”以及“Finally, and arguably most importantly, the share of young adults in the west living as a couple is in decline.”可知，此处是指影响生育率的因素。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们意识到，没有优质教育就无法获得舒适的生活，这在父母之间引发了激烈的竞争。A. schools学校；B. parents父母；C. investors投资者；D. children孩子。根据上文“helicopter parenting”和下文“invest huge amounts of time and effort into ____ their kids’ upbringing”可知，此处是指父母之间的竞争。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们感到有压力，要投入大量的时间和精力改善孩子的成长环境。A. delaying延迟；B. recording记录；C. improving改善；D. checking检查。根据上文“intense competition” 和“invest huge amounts of time and effort”可知，此处是指父母付出大量时间和努力去改善孩子的成长条件，让孩子更有可能获得好的教育、未来拥有舒适无忧的生活。故选C。 9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：韩国的生育率已降至 0.72，而在法国，育儿方式不那么亲力亲为，生育率保持得很好，现在为 1.8。A. hands-down容易的；B. hands-off不干涉的；C. hands-on亲力亲为的；D. hands-up举手。根据上文“In 1965, mothers of young children in developed countries spent an average of an hour a day doing activities with their kids. By 2018 that had risen to three hours, and in Korea approaching four.”以及下文“birth rates have held up well”可知，法国的育儿方式不像韩国那样亲力亲为。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济学家莱曼・斯通去年的一项研究表明，在年轻女性中，最能降低生育率的首要因素是个人成长的愿望和对职业的关注。A. weakens削弱；B. divides划分；C. settles解决；D. represents代表。根据上文“changing priorities for young adults”和下文“the desire to grow as a person and to focus on their career”可知，这些因素会削弱女性的生育意愿，引起生育率降低。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对“直升机式育儿”要求的担忧也排名很高。A. Debates辩论；B. Concerns担忧；C. Conflicts冲突；D. Misunderstandings误解。根据下文“over the demands of helicopter parenting”以及上一段提到的直升机式育儿相关内容可知，此处指对这种育儿方式要求的担忧。故选B。 12．考查固定短语辨析。句意：随着女性越来越能够在经济上养活自己，结婚的一个传统原因已经消失了。A. setting out出发；B. speaking up发言；C. breaking down分解；D. partnering up结伴，结婚。根据上文“the share of young adults in the west living as a couple is in decline”可知，此处是指传统意义上结婚的原因已消失，结婚不再是女性的必须选项。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有助于解释为什么最近出生率的下降趋势是由决定不生孩子的年轻人数量增加所推动的。A. increase增加；B. belief信念；C. failure失败；D. investment投资。根据上文“the most recent downward trend in births”可知，出生率的下降部分是因为不生孩子的年轻人数量增加了。故选A。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果它们真的这样做了，最有可能是由于广泛的社会和文化变化，而不是政策。A. obviously明显地；B. regretfully遗憾地；C. naturally自然地；D. magically神奇地，意想不到地。根据上文“virtually unlikely to return to replacement level ”以及下文“it will most likely be due to broad social and cultural changes, not policy”可知，此处是指如果生育率意想不到地、奇迹般地回升。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府出于其他原因推行家庭友好政策并没有错，但如果它们担心人口老龄化和萎缩，那么它们需要找到其他解决方案。A. justifications理由；B. solutions解决方案；C. outlets出口；D. reflections反思。根据上文“if they’re worrying about ageing and shrinking populations”可知，政府需要找到解决这些问题的其他方案。故选B。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 1 reason, such as your job or your studies? 2 perhaps you are interested in the 3 , films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 4 of the language. Most people learn best using a variety of 5 , but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people. They 6 an environment where you can practise under the guidance of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead 7 lives and learning language takes time. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 8 . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming 9 in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes a lot less. Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too 10 ,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more quickly than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any age. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people 11 about the mistakes they make when 12 . Well, relax and laugh about your 13 and you’re much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 14 . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be 15 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in their own language. Good luck 1．A．technical B．political C．practical D．physical 2．A．After B．So C．Though D．Or 3．A．literature B．transport C．agriculture D．medicine 4．A．view B．knowledge C．form D．database 5．A．paintings B．regulations C．methods D．computers 6．A．protect B．change C．respect D．provide 7．A．busy B．happy C．simple D．normal 8．A．theory B．business C．routine D．project 9．A．bored B．fluent C．interested D．devoted 10．A．old B．nervous C．weak D．tired 11．A．worry B．hesitate C．think D．quarrel 12．A．singing B．working C．bargaining D．learning 13．A．progress B．mistakes C．cleverness D．clumsiness 14．A．tiresome B．hard C．interesting D．easy 15．A．blamed B．amazed C．interrupted D．informed 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍学习新语言前需明确动机，推荐传统课程等学习方式，解答年龄、犯错等常见顾虑，鼓励人们通过努力坚持取得进步。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你是否因为实际原因需要它，比如工作或学习？A. technical技术的；B. political政治的；C. practical实际的；D. physical身体的。根据后文“such as your job or your studies”可知，工作、学习属于“实际”应用场景，是学习语言的实际需求。故选C项。 2．考查连词词义辨析。句意：或者你可能对某个国家的文学、电影或音乐感兴趣，并且知道掌握这门语言会有很大帮助。A. After在……之后；B. So因此；C. Though尽管；D. Or或者。根据前文“Do you need it for a ___1___ reason, such as your job or your studies?”可知，此处提出“工作或学习”的实际动机，结合后文“perhaps you are interested in the ___3___, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a  ___4___ of the language.”可知，此处介绍“对他国电影或音乐感兴趣”的动机，两者为选择关系，“Or”符合逻辑。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者你可能对某个国家的文学、电影或音乐感兴趣，并且知道掌握这门语言会有很大帮助。A. literature文学；B. transport交通；C. agriculture农业；D. medicine医学。根据后文“films or the music”可知，此处列举的是文化相关领域，“literature”与电影、音乐并列，符合文化范畴。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者你可能对某个国家的文学、电影或音乐感兴趣，并且知道掌握这门语言会有很大帮助。A. view观点；B. knowledge知识、掌握；C. form形式；D. database数据库。根据前文“___2___ perhaps you are interested in the ___3___, films or the music of a different country”可知，对他国文化感兴趣时，“掌握”这门语言能更好地理解相关内容，have a knowledge of为固定搭配，意为“掌握、了解”。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人通过多种方法学习效果最好，但传统课程对很多人来说是理想的起点。A. paintings绘画；B. regulations规则；C. methods方法；D. computers电脑。根据后文“but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people.”可知，传统课程是众多学习“方法”中的一种。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们提供了一个环境，让你可以在擅长这门语言的人的指导下练习。A. protect保护；B. change改变；C. respect尊重；D. provide提供。根据前文“traditional classes are an ideal start”和后文“where you can practise under the guidance of someone who’s good at the language”可知，传统课程能为学习者“提供”练习的环境。故选D项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都过着忙碌的生活，学习语言需要时间。A. busy忙碌的；B. happy快乐的；C. simple简单的；D. normal正常的。根据后文“learning language takes time”和“You will have more success if you study regularly”可知，因为生活“忙碌”，所以需要规律学习才能成功，符合日常实际。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你定期学习，会取得更大的成功，所以尽量养成习惯。A. theory理论；B. business生意；C. routine习惯、常规；D. project项目。根据前文“study regularly(定期学习)”可知，定期学习需要养成固定“习惯”，develop a routine意为“养成习惯”。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：精通一门语言需要数年时间，但学会勉强应付则不需要那么久。A. bored无聊的；B. fluent流利的、精通的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. devoted投入的。根据后文“but learning to get by takes a lot less.”可知，此处对比“精通”语言和“勉强应付”的时间差异，“fluent”体现语言的熟练程度。故选B项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我太老了，”他们说。A. old年老的；B. nervous紧张的；C. weak虚弱的；D. tired疲惫的。根据后文“Yes, children do learn languages more quickly than adults”可知，很多人放弃学习是因为觉得自己“年纪大了”，与后文“children”和“adults”的对比呼应。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也听到人们担心他们在学习时犯的错误。A. worry担心；B. hesitate犹豫；C. think思考；D. quarrel争吵。根据后文“Well, relax and laugh about your ___13___ and you’re much less likely to make them again.”可知，作者建议人们放松对待错误，说明很多人会“担心”学习中犯错。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也听到人们担心他们在学习时犯的错误。A. singing唱歌；B. working工作；C. bargaining讨价还价；D. learning学习。根据前文的“I’ve also heard people ___11___ about the mistakes they make”以及本文的主题可知，本文围绕“学习新语言”展开，此处指在语言“学习”过程中犯错，符合主题。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好吧，放松心态，对自己的错误一笑置之，你就不太可能再犯同样的错误了。A. progress进步；B. mistakes错误；C. cleverness聪明；D. clumsiness笨拙。根据前文“I’ve also heard people ___11___ about the mistakes they make when ___12___ .”可知，此处承接前文，指对待学习中的“错误”要放松。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学习一门新语言从来都不容易。A. tiresome令人厌烦的；B. hard困难的；C. interesting有趣的；D. easy容易的。根据后文“But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress.”可知，此处存在转折关系，说明学习语言“不容易”，但通过努力能进步。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你用他们的母语说几句话时，一些人的积极反应会让你感到惊讶。A. blamed责备；B. amazed惊讶；C. interrupted打断；D. informed告知。根据后文“the positive reaction of some people”可知，用他国语言交流时，对方的积极回应会让人感到“惊讶”，符合学习语言过程中的积极体验。故选B项。 话题3 人与自然（共6篇） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）About two months ago, I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone, but not because I didn’t like using it. I 1 it. Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury, for a small 2 . Like most other well affordable modern luxuries though, there are hidden 3 . And it’s increasingly harder to pretend we couldn’t see them. A headline in the Washington Post read, “Restaurants are barely 4 . Delivery apps will kill them.” Many other articles have explored the predatory (压榨他人的) sign-up tactics (策略) and high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies. But the most apparent impact is on human lives. Delivery riders have been 5 in accidents while trying to complete their orders. These deaths are part of a larger narrative about poor working 6 for riders. One friend said to me, “I can’t 7 the thought of someone dying delivering me a dessert.” That was it. I 8 the app and haven’t used it, or any of its competitors, since. Instead of ordering on a whim (一时兴起), now I either cook something good or get takeaway from a place in walking or driving distance. This approach has saved me a lot of money. As with a lot of online shopping, I’d been ordering food mindlessly, giving only a brief thought to its price and value. Cooking is almost always 9 and so is old-school takeaway. All of these changes have cost me one thing — time. One reason the apps are so popular is that so many people are burned out, stressed or attracted by 10 . With delivery, I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute, like after I finished work or returned from the gym. By this time, I was already 11 , and the shops were all closed. Having to plan meals again actually made my life less 12 . Some days it’s a good incentive to stop working earlier, to close my laptop and go to the shops, walk to the pizza place, or start chopping onions. Cooking is one of those activities that require both of your hands and all your 13 . Walking to pick up takeaway forces you to, well, go for a walk. The change in habit forced me to be on my devices a bit less and to be in my actual life and neighbourhood a bit more. The process has made me think about how a lot of technological 14 do save us time, but time for what? For me, the answer was often just more time working, or more time online. Making my own food feels like taking back time I had 15 for things far less nourishing (有营养的). 1．A．doubted B．feared C．hated D．loved 2．A．clue B．error C．favor D．fee 3．A．costs B．crimes C．dangers D．taxes 4．A．engaging B．relaxing C．suffering D．surviving 5．A．cursed B．killed C．rejected D．tricked 6．A．achievement B．conditions C．motivation D．relationships 7．A．bear B．criticize C．express D．recall 8．A．deleted B．developed C．forgave D．monitored 9．A．cheaper B．friendlier C．safer D．quicker 10．A．convenience B．intelligence C．mystery D．uncertainty 11．A．curious B．full C．hungry D．sick 12．A．artificial B．fulfilling C．relevant D．stressful 13．A．attention B．ambition C．consideration D．supervision 14．A．advances B．challenges C．reviews D．licences 15．A．checked out B．given up C．looked for D．set up 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者卸载外卖软件，选择自己做饭或去附近餐馆买外卖，反思科技带来的便利与时间分配问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢它。A. doubted怀疑；B. feared害怕；C. hated讨厌；D. loved喜欢。根据上文“About two months ago, I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone, but not because I didn’t like using it.”和下文“Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury”可知，大约两个月前，作者从手机上卸载了Uber Eats，但并不是因为不喜欢使用它，即作者喜欢使用外卖软件。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：点你想吃的东西，大约30分钟内就能送到你家门口，这是一种奢侈，但要付一小笔费用。A. clue线索；B. error错误；C. favor恩惠；D. fee费用。根据下文“high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies”可知，外卖软件送餐需要支付配送费等少量费用。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，就像大多数其他负担得起的现代奢侈品一样，它们也有隐藏的代价。A. costs代价，成本；B. crimes罪行；C. dangers危险；D. taxes税。根据下文“Many other articles have explored the predatory (压榨他人的) sign-up tactics (策略) and high commissions (佣金) and fees taken by these tech companies”和“Delivery riders have been ____ in accidents while trying to complete their orders.”可知，此处描述了外卖软件对餐厅的压榨、骑手的安全问题等，这些是外卖软件带来的隐藏代价。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：餐馆勉强维持生计。A. engaging吸引；B. relaxing放松；C. suffering遭受；D. surviving勉强维持生计。根据下文“Delivery apps will kill them.”可知，外卖应用将扼杀它们，餐厅现在的处境艰难，勉强维持生计。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：外卖员在试图完成订单时死于事故。A. cursed诅咒；B. killed杀死；C. rejected拒绝；D. tricked欺骗。根据下文“These deaths are part of a larger narrative about poor working ____ for riders.”可知，此处指骑手在送餐过程中因事故丧生。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些死亡事件是骑手工作条件恶劣这一更大背景的一部分。A. achievement成就；B. conditions条件；C. motivation动机；D. relationships关系。根据上文“Delivery riders have been ____ in accidents while trying to complete their orders.”可知，骑手频繁发生事故，由此可推知他们的工作条件差。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法忍受想到有人为我送甜点而死。A. bear忍受；B. criticize批评；C. express表达；D. recall回忆。根据下文“the thought of someone dying delivering me a dessert”可知，作者的朋友无法忍受想到有人为自己送甜点而死。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我删除了这款应用，从那以后就再也没有用过它，也没有用过它的任何竞争对手的应用。A. deleted删除；B. developed发展；C. forgave原谅；D. monitored监控。根据上文“I removed Uber Eats (外卖软件) from my phone”和下文“haven’t used it, or any of its competitors, since”可知，作者把优步外卖软件从手机上卸载了，此处指删除了外卖软件。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自己做饭几乎总是更便宜，老式的外卖也是如此。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. friendlier更友好的；C. safer更安全的；D. quicker更快的。根据上文“now I either cook something good or get takeaway from a place in walking or driving distance”、“This approach has saved me a lot of money.”可知，现在我要么自己做点好吃的，要么就从步行或驾车能到的地方点外卖，这种方法为作者节省了很多钱。所以此处指自己做饭更便宜。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些应用之所以如此受欢迎，一个原因是很多人都筋疲力尽、压力很大，或者被便利性所吸引。A. convenience方便；B. intelligence智力；C. mystery神秘；D. uncertainty不确定性。根据上文“Ordering what you feel like eating and having it delivered to your door within about 30 minutes is a luxury”和下文“With delivery, I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute”可知，外卖软件的核心优势是方便快捷，人们因为方便、压力大或被不确定性所吸引而使用外卖软件。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到这个时候，我已经饿了，商店都关门了。A. curious好奇的；B. full饱的；C. hungry饿的；D. sick生病的。根据上文“I didn’t have to think about dinner until the last minute, like after I finished work or returned from the gym. By this time, I was already”和下文“the shops were all closed”可知，作者到很晚才想起吃饭，此时已经饿了，商店也关门了。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不得不重新规划饮食实际上让我的生活压力更小了。A. artificial人造的；B. fulfilling令人满足的；C. relevant相关的；D. stressful有压力的。根据上文“Having to plan meals again actually made my life less”和下文“Some days it’s a good incentive to stop working earlier, to close my laptop and go to the shops, walk to the pizza place, or start chopping onions.”可知，这是早点下班的好动力，所以规划饮食让作者的生活不再那么有压力。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：烹饪是那种需要你双手和全部注意力的活动之一。A. attention注意力；B. ambition野心；C. consideration考虑；D. supervision监督。根据上文“Cooking is one of those activities that require both of your hands and all your”可知，烹饪需要专注操作，否则容易出错，所以此处指烹饪需要双手和全部注意力。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程让我思考很多科技进步确实为我们节省了时间，但时间是为了什么？A. advances进步；B. challenges挑战；C. reviews评论；D. licences许可证。根据上文“how a lot of technological”和下文“do save us time”可知，外卖软件属于技术进步的产物，这里指的是科技进步。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：自己做饭感觉就像夺回了我为了那些远不如有营养的东西而放弃的时间。A. checked out结账离开；B. given up放弃；C. looked for寻找；D. set up建立。根据上文“Making my own food feels like taking back time”和下文“for things far less nourishing (有营养的).”可知，作者自己做饭夺回了之前为了其他事情而放弃的时间。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Have you ever shouted, “The rent is too high”? Shaking the wall and finding hidden disgusting bugs? You’re not alone. The ancient Romans experienced the same 1 with their apartments. From mean landlords to sanitation (卫生) problems, pests to smells, Roman urban living was no walk in the park. Even in the very early days of Rome, people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters. This collection of animals of every kind mixed together made life 2 for common citizens. And the close contact 3 diseases. Roman rented residences were called insulae, or islands, because they occupied whole blocks, with the roads flowing around them like water around an island. The insulae, often 4 six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard, housed poor workers who couldn’t 5 a traditional domus, or private house. By the fourth century A．D．, there were around 45,000 insulae in Rome, as opposed to fewer than 2,000 private homes. Many people were _ 6 into their quarters. Apartments on the lower floor would be the easiest for entry and exit, and therefore belong to the 7 renters — while unfortunate individuals were thrown on higher floors in tiny rooms. Though made of concrete brick, insulae were usually weakly built, thanks to poor craftsmanship and little funding. They usually collapsed and killed passers-by. 8 , emperors 9 how high landlords could construct insulae. The maximum building height was 60 feet. According to the law, then, builders were supposed to make walls at least an inch and a half thick, so as to ensure the 10 of the building. However, it didn’t work so well, especially since building codes were 11 by the landlords in order to save on the construction cost, and most renters were too poor to charge the landlords. Therefore, life-threatening accidents usually happened. Even if insulae didn’t fall down, they could be so 12 as to be washed away in a flood. That’s about the only time their inhabitants would 13 clean natural water, since there was rarely in-home plumbing (水管)in an apartment. What’s more, the insulae caught fire frequently, leaving Rome with a vicious (恶性的) 14 of houses burning down and collapsing, then immediate reconstruction and fire once more. Indeed, rather than being in nature’s hands, some collapses were 15 since the greedy landlords keep on tearing down the existing insulae and replacing them with higher and larger monsters in pursuit of more rents. 1．A．annoyance B．complaint C．history D．consequence 2．A．unlimited B．miserable C．realistic D．expensive 3．A．spread B．tested C．combated D．diagnosed 4．A．consisting of B．taking advantage of C．belonging to D．relying on 5．A．sell B．afford C．decorate D．visit 6．A．mixed B．filled C．squeezed D．invited 7．A．general B．legal C．wealthy D．sociable 8．A．To sum up B．As a result C．In addition D．By contrast 9．A．restricted B．solved C．threatened D．evaluated 10．A．privacy B．temperature C．outlook D．safety 11．A．strengthened B．ignored C．followed D．drafted 12．A．cheap B．vacant C．insignificant D．shaky 13．A．give credit to B．bring life to C．have access to D．take control of 14．A．cycle B．punishment C．treatment D．fight 15．A．unexpected B．intentional C．destructive D．gradual 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古罗马时期城市居民的公寓居住状况，包括居住环境拥挤、房屋质量差、卫生条件恶劣、火灾和坍塌风险高等问题。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：古罗马人在他们的公寓里也经历了同样的烦恼。A. annoyance烦恼；B. complaint抱怨；C. history历史；D. consequence后果。根据前文“Have you ever shouted, “The rent is too high”? Shaking the wall and hidden disgusting bugs? You’re not alone.” 可知，租金高、墙壁摇晃、有虫子等都是居住中的烦恼，古罗马人也面临同样的问题。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：各种各样的动物混杂在一起，让普通市民的生活很悲惨。A. unlimited无限的；B. miserable悲惨的；C. realistic现实的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据前文“people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters”可知，人们挤在不舒适的住所里，生活应该是悲惨的。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而密切接触传播了疾病。A. spread传播；B. tested测试；C. combated对抗；D. diagnosed诊断。根据常识及后文“diseases”可知，人们密切接触容易导致疾病传播。故选A。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种公寓通常由六到八栋公寓楼组成，围绕着楼梯和中央庭院建造，居住的是那些买不起传统住宅或私人住宅的贫穷工人。A. consisting of由…… 组成；B. taking advantage of利用；C. belonging to属于；D. relying on依靠。根据后文“six to eight apartment blocks built around a staircase and central courtyard”可知，此处是在描述这种公寓的构成。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sell卖；B. afford买得起；C. decorate装饰；D. visit参观。根据前文“poor workers”可知，贫穷的工人应该是买不起传统的私人住宅。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人挤在他们的住所里。A. mixed混合；B. filled充满；C. squeezed挤压；D. invited邀请。根据前文“people were crowded together in uncomfortable quarters”可知，居住环境拥挤，人们是被挤在住所里。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：较低楼层的公寓进出最方便——因此属于富裕的租房者——而不幸的人则被安排在较高楼层的小房间里。A. general普通的；B. legal合法的；C. wealthy富裕的；D. sociable善于交际的。根据前文“the easiest for entry and exit”可知，低楼层进出方便，应该是富裕的租房者才能享用，与后文“unfortunate individuals”形成对比。故选C。 8．考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，皇帝限制了房东建造公寓的高度。A. To sum up总之；B. As a result结果；C. In addition此外；D. By contrast相比之下。根据前文“They usually collapsed and killed passers-by”可知，由于房屋经常坍塌导致路人死亡，因此皇帝采取了限制房屋高度的措施，此处是因果关系。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. restricted限制；B. solved解决；C. threatened威胁；D. evaluated评估。根据后文“The maximum building height was 60 feet.”可知，皇帝规定了建筑的最高高度，即限制了建造高度。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据当时的法律，建筑工人应该建造至少一英寸半厚的墙壁，以确保建筑物的安全。A. privacy隐私；B. temperature温度；C. outlook前景；D. safety安全。根据前文“make walls at least an inch and a half thick”可知，加厚墙壁是为了确保建筑的安全。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有起到很好的作用，尤其是因为房东为了节省建筑成本而忽视了建筑规范，而且大多数租房者太穷，无法控告房东。A. strengthened加强；B. ignored忽视；C. followed遵循；D. drafted起草。根据后文“to save on the construction cost”可知，房东为了省钱，会忽视建筑规范。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使公寓没有倒塌，它们也可能如此不稳固，以至于在洪水中被冲走。A. cheap便宜的；B. vacant空的；C. insignificant不重要的；D. shaky不稳固的。根据前文“insulae were usually weakly built”及后文“be washed away in a flood”可知，房屋建造质量差，即使不坍塌，也很不稳固，容易被洪水冲走。故选D。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这大概是居民们唯一能接触到干净自然水的机会，因为公寓里很少有室内水管。A. give credit to归功于；B. bring life to赋予……生命；C. have access to接触到；D. take control of控制。根据后文“since there was rarely in-home plumbing in an apartment”可知，公寓里没有水管，所以洪水时可能是唯一能接触到干净自然水的机会。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，公寓经常发生火灾，使得罗马陷入一个恶性循环：房屋烧毁、坍塌，然后立即重建，再次发生火灾。A. cycle循环；B. punishment惩罚；C. treatment治疗；D. fight斗争。根据后文“houses burning down and collapsing, sales, then immediate reconstruction and fire once more time”可知，这是一个不断重复的循环过程。故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，有些坍塌并非出于自然原因，而是故意的，因为贪婪的房东为了追求更多的租金，不断拆除现有的公寓，用更高更大的建筑来替代它们。A. unexpected意外的；B. intentional故意的；C. destructive破坏性的；D. gradual逐渐的。根据前文“rather than being in nature’s hands”及后文“since the greedy landlords keep on tearing down the existing insulae and replacing them with higher and larger monsters in pursuit of more rents” 可知，有些坍塌是房东故意造成的，目的是重建更高的建筑以获取更多租金。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）The people of the Makah Nation have lived on Washington State’s Olympic Peninsula for thousands of years. They call themselves Kwi-dich-cha-at, which 1 “people who live by rocks and seagulls.” The shorter name of Makah, given to them by neighboring Native American peoples, means “generous with food.” Before the white settlers arrived in the American Northwest, the Makah hunted gray and humpback whales from canoes made from the western red cedar tree. Whales 2 meat, blubber (鲸脂), and bone for food, oil, and utensils. The Makah enjoyed a lively trade in whale products with other Native Americans and later with an intensity and efficiency that quickly 3 the numbers of these creatures. The Makah relationship to the whales, on the other hand, was as much 4 as material. Whales and whaling were 5 in their songs and dances. Images of whales were 6 into blankets and baskets and carved in stone and wood. By the 1920s, with local whales on the brink (边缘) of   7 , the Makah stopped hunting them altogether. Through 8 preservation measures, whales returned to the waters off the Olympic Peninsula soon. In the 1970s, archeologists (考古学家) discovered many objects that confirmed the long and significant relationship between the Makah and whales. This awareness 9 a cultural resurgence (复兴) that included a focus on traditional foods and the health problems that some people linked to changes in the Makah diet, especially the 10 of sea mammal meat from it. Eventually, the Makah decided to resume hunting whales. 11 their plans faced strong opposition from different groups, they cited an 1885 treaty (条约) signed with the US government that 12 the right to continue this practice. After years of planning, the Makah scheduled the first hunt for the late fall of 1998. They succeeded in bringing in a gray whale about six months later. Today the Makah hunt whales in the 13 way. Divers enter the water and tie the killed whale’s jaws shut to prevent the animal from sinking. The whales are finally towed to shore and cut into pieces 14 traditional rituals (仪式). The blubber and meat is distributed among Makah families. No part of the whale can be sold 15 , although artifacts that Makah carvers make from bones are often available for purchase. 1．A．guides B．boasts C．means D．indicates 2．A．provided B．produced C．confused D．wasted 3．A．decreased B．increased C．limited D．divided 4．A．artificial B．theoretical C．spiritual D．physical 5．A．rhythm B．subjects C．influence D．targets 6．A．put B．transferred C．printed D．woven 7．A．extinction B．collapse C．destruction D．disaster 8．A．simple B．moderate C．aggressive D．contemporary 9．A．contributed to B．added to C．referred to D．responded to 10．A．abundance B．disappearance C．diversity D．familiarity 11．A．Where B．Since C．If D．Although 12．A．demanded B．had C．retained D．guaranteed 13．A．convenient B．traditional C．practical D．proper 14．A．in accordance with B．with regard to C．in place of D．at the cost of 15．A．globally B．secretly C．commercially D．cheaply 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马卡赫民族与鲸鱼的深厚关系、捕鲸传统及现代复兴。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们称自己为Kwi-dich-cha-at，意思是“生活在岩石和海鸥旁的人”。A. guides指导；B. boasts拥有；C. means意思是；D. indicates表明。根据后文“people who live by rocks and seagulls”可知，这是在解释Kwi-dich-cha-at的意思。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼提供肉、鲸脂和骨头，用于食物、油和器具。A. provided提供；B. produced生产；C. confused使困惑；D. wasted浪费。根据后文“meat, blubber, and bone for food, oil, and utensils”可知，马卡赫民族捕猎鲸鱼以获取生活物资，鲸鱼是物资的来源，即鲸鱼为马卡赫民族提供肉、鲸脂和骨头。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马卡赫民族与其他美洲原住民，后来以一种迅速减少这些生物数量的强度和效率，进行鲸鱼产品的活跃贸易。A. decreased减少；B. increased增加；C. limited限制；D. divided分开。根据后文“the numbers of these creatures”以及“the Makah stopped hunting them altogether”可知，过度捕猎会导致鲸鱼数量下降，且后文提及鲸鱼濒临危机，decreased符合逻辑。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，马卡赫民族与鲸鱼的关系既是物质的也是精神的。A. artificial人造的；B. theoretical理论的；C. spiritual精神的；D. physical物理的。根据后文“Whales and whaling were ____ in their songs and dances. Images of whales were ____ into blankets and baskets and carved in stone and wood.”可知，后文提到鲸鱼出现在他们的歌舞、织物和雕刻中，属于精神文化范畴，与 material（物质的）对应，spiritual符合语境。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼和捕鲸是他们歌曲和舞蹈的主题。A. rhythm节奏；B. subjects主题；C. influence影响；D. targets目标。根据后文“in their songs and dances”可知，歌舞中以鲸鱼和捕鲸为表现对象，也就是主题。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼的图像被编织进毯子和篮子，并雕刻在石头和木头上。A. put放置；B. transferred转移；C. printed打印；D. woven编织。根据后文“into blankets and baskets”可知，针对毯子和篮子的制作工艺，鲸鱼的图像应该被编织进毯子和篮子。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到20世纪20年代，随着当地鲸鱼濒临灭绝，马卡赫民族完全停止了捕鲸。A. extinction灭绝；B. collapse崩溃；C. destruction破坏；D. disaster灾难。根据后文“the Makah stopped hunting them altogether”可知，鲸鱼濒临灭绝，所以马卡赫民族停止了捕鲸，on the brink of extinction为固定搭配，意为“濒临灭绝”，符合鲸鱼数量锐减的语境。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过积极的保护措施，鲸鱼很快回到了奥林匹克半岛附近的水域。A. simple简单的；B. moderate适度的；C. aggressive积极的；D. contemporary当代的。根据后文“whales returned to the waters off the Olympic Peninsula soon”可知，通过积极的保护措施，鲸鱼数量快速恢复，aggressive在此处指力度之大，符合语境。故选C。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种意识促成了一种文化复兴，包括关注传统食物以及一些人与马卡赫饮食变化相关的健康问题，尤其是海哺乳动物肉从饮食中消失所带来的问题。A. contributed to促成；B. added to增加；C. referred to参考；D. responded to回应。根据后文“a cultural resurgence”可知，考古发现带来的认知促进了文化复兴。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. abundance丰富；B. disappearance消失；C. diversity多样性；D. familiarity熟悉。根据上文“the health problems that some people linked to changes in the Makah diet”以及后文“of sea mammal meat from it”可知，马卡赫民族停止捕鲸后，海兽肉从饮食中消失，此处指海哺乳动物肉从饮食中消失所带来的健康问题。故选B。 11．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们的计划遭到了不同团体的强烈反对，但他们援引了1885年与美国政府签署的一项条约，该条约保证了他们继续这一做法的权利。A. Where在哪里；B. Since自从；C. If如果；D. Although尽管。根据后文“their plans faced strong opposition from different groups”以及“they cited an 1885 treaty signed with the US government”可知，“遭到反对”与“援引条约”为转折关系，应用although。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. demanded要求；B. had有；C. retained保留；D. guaranteed保证。根据后文“the right to continue this practice”可知，条约具有法律效力，能保障马卡赫民族的捕鲸权，保证了他们继续捕鲸的权利。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，马卡赫民族以传统的方式捕鲸。A. convenient方便的；B. traditional传统的；C. practical实际的；D. proper适当的。根据后文“Divers enter the water and tie the killed whale’s jaws shut to prevent the animal from sinking.”可知，后文描述的潜水、绑鲸颌、拖上岸分割等流程，是延续传统的捕鲸步骤。故选B。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：鲸鱼最终被拖到岸边，按照传统仪式被切成块。A. in accordance with按照；B. with regard to关于；C. in place of代替；D. at the cost of以……为代价。根据后文“traditional rituals”可知，分割鲸鱼的行为遵循传统仪式。故选A。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼的任何部分都不得用于商业销售，尽管马卡赫雕刻家用骨头制作的工艺品通常可以购买。A. globally全球地；B. secretly秘密地；C. commercially商业地；D. cheaply便宜地。根据后文“although artifacts that Makah carvers make from bones are often available for purchase”可知，后文提到骨头手工艺品可出售，与鲸鱼本身的非商业售卖形成对比。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Shop Online or Stand in Line? If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store to pick up your groceries, think again. A recent study on the environmental impact of shopping online versus brick-and-mortar (实体店) found that 1 shopping can be up to 60% more environmentally sustainable than online shopping. If you’re wondering why, here are some answers. Online items typically require 2 containers or plastic to ship them safely. They are also likely to come from different distribution centres. According to experts, these two factors 3 higher greenhouse gas emissions per item. In fact, compared with those generated by the plastic or paper bag shoppers typically bring home, 4 for online orders can create five times more emissions. Think about all of those boxes, labels, bubble wrap and air pillows you need to 5 after your online purchases have been delivered, some of which are not recyclable. Buyer 6 is another reason. When purchasing online — even if they do it frequently — many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store, they 7 to bulk buy (大量购买). By not driving to a store every day, they produce less greenhouse emissions than the delivery vans travelling to and from distribution centres and multiple drop-off addresses. 8 , when people go to malls or shopping streets, they often make multiple stops. Emissions are thus 9 since the emission-output is spread out over multiple purchases. A further significant impact on the environment caused by vehicle emissions is the 10 of returned products purchased online: 40% compared to 7% bought in store. Someone in a vehicle has to take them back. In the future, this may 11 . Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, announced its commitment to making the company more 12 and carbon-neutral (碳中和) by 2040. To help reach this target, it started by buying 100,000 new electric delivery vehicles (thousands of which are already on the road) and it plans to have them all 13 by 2030. Of course, this holds true in countries where people mostly drive, so it really 14 the country and its consumer behaviour. Nevertheless, every time we shop, there is an impact. 15 , when you’re thinking about how convenient it is to purchase that one item online, take a moment to consider the carbon footprint of doing so. 1．A．regular B．window C．physical D．virtual 2．A．additional B．classical C．standard D．attractive 3．A．court on B．result in C．respond to D．take over 4．A．coating B．covering C．dressing D．packaging 5．A．make use of B．get rid of C．keep up with D．take charge of 6．A．behavior B．need C．preference D．wisdom 7．A．afford B．offer C．tend D．vote 8．A．Above all B．As a result C．By contrast D．What’s more 9．A．avoided B．multiplied C．reduced D．spread 10．A．degree B．frequency C．price D．value 11．A．change B．continue C．suffer D．worsen 12．A．energy-efficient B．cost-saving C．time-consuming D．user-friendly 13．A．at hand B．in operation C．in common D．within reach 14．A．belongs to B．benefits from C．contributes to D．depends on 15．A．However B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．Therefore 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对比线上购物与线下购物的环保性，指出线下购物更环保的原因及网购环保问题的改善趋势。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近一项关于线上购物与实体店购物对环境影响的研究发现，实体购物的环境可持续性可能比线上购物高出 60%。A. regular常规的；B. window橱窗的；C. physical实体的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据上文 “If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store to pick up your groceries, think again.”以及“versus brick-and-mortar (实体店)”可知，研究对比的是线上购物和实体店购物，physical shopping对应brick-and-mortar shopping，指实体购物。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：线上商品通常需要额外的容器或塑料来安全运输。A. additional额外的；B. classical经典的；C. standard标准的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据下文“containers or plastic to ship them safely”可知，为了安全运输线上商品，需要额外的包装容器或塑料。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：据专家称，这两个因素导致每件商品的温室气体排放量更高。A. court on无此正确搭配；B. result in导致；C. respond to回应；D. take over接管。根据上文“these two factors”和下文“higher greenhouse gas emissions per item”可知，此处指两个因素造成了排放量升高的结果。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，与购物者通常带回家的塑料袋或纸袋产生的排放量相比，线上订单的包装产生的排放量要多五倍。A. coating涂层；B. covering遮盖物；C. dressing敷料，着装；D. packaging包装。根据下文“Think about all of those boxes, labels, bubble wrap and air pillows”可知，此处指线上订单的各类包装。故选D。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：想想你在网购商品送达后需要处理掉的所有盒子、标签、气泡膜和充气枕，其中一些是不可回收的。A. make use of利用；B. get rid of处理掉，丢弃；C. keep up with跟上；D. take charge of负责。根据下文 “after your online purchases have been delivered” 以及 “some of which are not recyclable” 可知，网购商品送达后，这些包装需要被丢弃处理，get rid of 符合语义。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：买家行为是另一个原因。A. behavior行为；B. need需求；C. preference偏好；D. wisdom智慧。根据下文“When purchasing online — even if they do it frequently — many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store...”可知，此处讲述的是消费者线上和线下购物的不同行为模式，behavior 符合语境。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在网上购物时——即使是经常网购——很多人只买几件商品，而在实体店购物时，他们倾向于大量购买。A. afford负担得起；B. offer提供；C. tend倾向于；D. vote投票。根据上文“many people buy only a few items whereas when shopping in store”可知，此处是对比线上线下的购物习惯，tend to do sth表示“倾向于做某事”，符合语义。故选C。 8．考查固定短语辨析。句意：此外，当人们去商场或商业街时，他们通常会多次停留。A. Above all最重要的是；B. As a result因此；C. By contrast相比之下；D. What’s more此外。根据上文“By not driving to a store every day, they produce less greenhouse emissions...”以及下文“when people go to malls or shopping streets, they often make multiple stops”可知，此处是补充说明线下购物的另一个环保优势，What’s more表递进，符合语境。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，排放量会减少，因为排放量会分摊到多次购买中。A. avoided避免；B. multiplied倍增；C. reduced减少；D. spread传播。根据下文“since the emission-output is spread out over multiple purchases”可知，排放量被分摊到多次购买上，因此整体排放量会减少。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：车辆排放对环境的另一个显著影响是网购退货商品的频率：网购退货率为 40%，而实体店购物退货率仅为 7%。A. degree程度；B. frequency频率，发生率；C. price价格；D. value价值。根据下文“40% compared to 7% bought in store”可知，此处对比的是线上和线下购物的退货发生率。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：未来，这种情况可能会改变。A. change改变；B. continue继续；C. suffer遭受；D. worsen恶化。根据下文“Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, announced its commitment to making the company more 12 and carbon-neutral (碳中和)by 2040.”可知，亚马逊等企业采取措施改善网购的环保问题，因此这种情况可能会改变。故选A。 12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：全球最大的线上零售商亚马逊宣布，承诺到2040年使公司更节能并实现碳中和。A. energy-efficient节能的；B. cost-saving省钱的；C. time-consuming耗时的；D. user-friendly人性化的。根据下文“carbon-neutral (碳中和)”以及“buying 100,000 new electric delivery vehicles”可知，亚马逊的举措是为了环保、节能。故选A。 13．考查固定短语辨析。句意：为帮助实现这一目标，该公司首先购买了 10 万辆新的电动配送车其中数千辆已投入使用，并计划到2030年让所有车辆都投入运营。A. at hand在手边；B. in operation投入运营；C. in common共同的；D. within reach触手可及。根据上文“thousands of which are already on the road”可知，部分电动配送车已上路，计划到2030年让所有车辆都投入运营，in operation符合语义。故选B。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当然，这在人们主要开车出行的国家是成立的，所以这实际上取决于国家及其消费者行为。A. belongs to属于；B. benefits from受益于；C. contributes to促成；D. depends on取决于。根据上文“this holds true in countries where people mostly drive” 知，线上线下购物的环保性因国家和消费行为而异，depends on符合语境。故选D。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当你想着在线购买那一件商品有多方便时，不妨花点时间考虑一下这样做的碳足迹。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Nevertheless, every time we shop, there is an impact.”可知，前文指出购物都会对环境有影响，此处承接上文得出结论，提醒读者考虑网购的碳足迹，Therefore符合语境。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Why the Color Green Makes Us Feel Good Scientists have revealed a new theory into why the color green makes us feel good. It is already well known that being out in nature is good for a person’s mental health. But now, a new study published in the British Ecological Society 1 a new theory for this called the “greenery hypothesis (假说).” They suggest that our need for green spaces 2 evolution. The researchers suggest that when greenery disappears during times of drought, it triggers a signal in humans for environmental degradation (恶化). This can lead to 3 psychological response, and even lead to feelings of depression. 4 , when greenery returns, the researchers report that it triggers a positive mental response, which further encourages them to 5 positive activities, like searching for food. “These psycho-physiological 6 must be crucial for survival during environmental fluctuations (波动) that humans have experienced in evolutionary adaptive environments,” a summary of the study reports. “However, in modern urbanized societies with limited greenery, this psychological system may lead to non-adaptive negative effects, such as increased stress and depression, creating a 7 between our evolutionary past and current cultural evolution. This hypothesis can provide valuable insights into understanding how humans psychologically respond to nature exposure, with implications for 8 such as urban planning, biodiversity conservation, etc. The scientists created this new hypothesis by bringing together previous research into the 9 of nature on humans. And from this, they gather that ongoing loss of green spaces, 10 in urban environments, could have severe impacts on human health and well-being. They note that restoring natural environments in urban areas should be a matter of priority in order to 11 “mass psychological health problems in contemporary society.” They hope that the hypothesis outlined in the study provides a framework for improving conservation efforts and prioritizing green environments in urban areas. They also emphasize how nature and greenery must be 12 for human well-being. The greenery hypothesis also notes that humans are more likely to find a place beautiful or pleasing to look at if there is greenery. This is even more likely if a person is more used to urban environments that have a 13 amount of nature around. “Our proposed hypothesis states that humans have adapted to periodic severe 14 and re-watering cycles by developing both negative and positive psychological responses to the absence or 15 of greenery within the landscape as hints to optimize their own behavioral activities.” the authors write in the study. 1．A．has acknowledged B．has proposed C．has proved D．has supposed 2．A．is devoted to B．is rooted in C．is controlled by D．is denied by 3．A．despair B．positive C．neutral D．negative 4．A．However B．Therefore C．After all D．More over 5．A．continue B．cease C．consider D．change 6．A．mindsets B．transitions C．responses D．contradictions 7．A．connection B．similarity C．difference D．mismatch 8．A．experts B．technologies C．fields D．views 9．A．effects B．affections C．lessons D．shadows 10．A．definitely B．respectively C．partly D．particularly 11．A．distinguish B．address C．cancel D．assist 12．A．planned B．demonstrated C．prioritized D．produced 13．A．limited B．huge C．appropriate D．considerable 14．A．flood B．sandstorm C．disaster D．drought 15．A．disappearance B．presence C．defence D．endurance 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色为何能提升人类的心理健康，提出了“绿色假说”，并探讨了其对城市规划和生物多样性保护的意义。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在，一项发表在《英国生态学会》的新研究提出了一种新的理论，称为“绿化假说”。A. has acknowledged承认；B. has proposed提出；C. has proved证明；D. has supposed假设。根据下文的“a new theory for this called the “greenery hypothesis””可知，这是一个新提出的理论。故选B。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们认为我们对绿色空间的需求源于进化。A. is devoted to致力于；B. is rooted in源于；C. is controlled by被控制；D. is denied by被拒绝。根据下文的“evolution”以及语境可知，研究人员认为我们对绿色空间的需求是源于进化的。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这会导致消极的心理反应，甚至导致抑郁的感觉。A. despair绝望的；B. positive积极的；C. neutral中立的；D. negative消极的。根据下文的“and even lead to feelings of depression”可知，这甚至导致抑郁的感觉，推测此处表示这会导致消极的心理反应。故选D。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当绿色回归时，研究人员报告说，它会触发积极的心理反应，这进一步鼓励他们继续积极的活动，比如寻找食物。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. After all毕竟；D. Moreover而且。根据上文的“This can lead to ____ psychological response, and even lead to feelings of depression”和下文的“when greenery returns, the researchers report that it triggers a positive mental response”可知，上文描述消极的心理反应，下文描述积极的心理反应，上下文为转折关系，应用however，位于句首，首字母大写。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当绿色回归时，研究人员报告说，它会触发积极的心理反应，这进一步鼓励他们继续积极的活动，比如寻找食物。A. continue继续；B. cease停止；C. consider考虑；D. change改变。根据上文的“it triggers a positive mental response, which further encourages them to”和下文“positive activities”可知，这会进一步鼓励他们继续积极的活动。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究总结报告称：“这些心理生理反应对于人类在进化适应环境中经历的环境波动中生存至关重要。”A. mindsets心态；B. transitions过渡；C. responses反应；D. contradictions矛盾。根据上文的“it triggers a positive mental response”可知，这些心理生理反应很重要。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在现代城市化社会中，由于绿色空间有限，这种心理系统可能导致非适应性的负面影响，如压力和抑郁增加，从而在我们的进化过去和当前的文化进化之间产生了不匹配。A. connection联系；B. similarity相似性；C. difference差异；D. mismatch不匹配。根据上文的“increased stress and depression”和下文的“between our evolutionary past and current cultural evolution”可知，在进化过去和当前的文化进化之间产生了不匹配。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一假设可以提供有价值的见解，以了解人类对自然暴露的心理反应，对城市规划、生物多样性保护等领域的含义。A. experts专家；B. technologies技术；C. fields领域；D. views观点。根据下文的“such as urban planning, biodiversity conservation, etc.”可知，这是指城市规划、生物多样性保护等领域。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们通过将以前对自然对人类影响的研究结合起来，提出了这个新的假设。A. effects影响；B. affections情感；C. lessons教训；D. shadows阴影。根据下文的“of nature on humans”以及“could have severe impacts on human health and well-being.”可知，这是指自然对人类的影响。故选A。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：从这一点出发，他们得出结论，正在进行的绿色空间的丧失，特别是在城市环境中，可能会对人类健康和福祉产生严重影响。A. definitely当然；B. respectively分别地；C. partly部分地；D. particularly特别地。根据上文的“they gather that ongoing loss of green spaces”和下文的“in urban environments”可知，这里强调城市环境中绿色空间的丧失，所以此处指特别是在城市环境中的绿色空间的丧失。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们指出，恢复城市地区的自然环境应该是解决“当代社会的大规模心理健康问题”的首要任务。A. distinguish区分；B. address解决；C. cancel取消；D. assist帮助。根据下文的“mass psychological health problems in contemporary society”可知，这是指解决当代社会的大规模心理健康问题。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还强调，为了人类福祉，自然和绿色必须被优先考虑。A. planned计划；B. demonstrated证明；C. prioritized优先考虑；D. produced生产。根据上文的“They note that restoring natural environments in urban areas should be a matter of priority”、“They also emphasize how nature and greenery must be”和下文“for human well-being”可知，这是指自然和绿色必须被优先考虑。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人更习惯于周围有有限自然环境的城市环境，这甚至更有可能。A. limited有限的；B. huge巨大的；C. appropriate适当的；D. considerable相当大的。根据上文的“urban environments that have a”和下文“amount of nature around”可知，此处指城市环境中的有限的自然环境。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们提出的假说认为，人类已经适应了周期性的严重干旱和再湿润循环，通过发展对景观中绿色植物缺失或存在的负面和正面心理反应，来作为优化自身行为活动的提示。”研究作者在文中写道。A. flood洪水；B. sandstorm沙尘暴；C. disaster灾难；D. drought干旱。根据上文的“The researchers suggest that when greenery disappears during times of drought”和下文的“and re-watering cycles”可知，这是指适应周期性的严重干旱和再湿润循环。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们提出的假说认为，人类已经适应了周期性的严重干旱和再湿润循环，通过发展对景观中绿色植物缺失或存在的负面和正面心理反应，来作为优化自身行为活动的提示。”研究作者在文中写道。A. disappearance消失；B. presence存在；C. defence防御；D. endurance耐力。根据上文的“negative and positive psychological responses to the absence or”可知，这是指对绿色缺失或存在的反应。故选B。 Passage 6 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Returning to School, Recovering Smiles When Xiaonuan looked back to Typhoon Gaemi, those terrible 1 came into her mind: “The rain was 2 heavy that day, and the $