专题09 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题09 语法填空 （一） （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Seeking someone’s help can make you feel like you 1 (broadcast) your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, 2 associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about 3 children think about reputation: Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, 4 (predict) the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom genuinely wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be 5 (likely) to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose 6 of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations 7 Jack would seek help: when it could 8 (seek) privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible 9 when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. So, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly hold back learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions 10 others. 【答案】1. are broadcasting 2. an 3. how 4. to predict 5. more likely 6. either 7. where 8. be sought 9. that 10. on 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项研究发现，儿童和成年人一样会因在意声誉而不愿在他人面前求助，且这种倾向在7-8岁时显现。 (1)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：寻求他人帮助会让你觉得自己在宣扬自己的无能。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，结合语境，强调“求助时正在宣扬”的进行状态，用现在进行时；主语you为第二人称，所以谓语动词为are broadcasting。故填are broadcasting。 (2)题解析： 考查冠词。句意：斯坦福大学研究生凯拉·古德和芝加哥大学心理学副教授亚历克斯·肖运用一种经典技术，来深入了解儿童对声誉的看法。professor为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一位副教授”，且associate是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 (3)题解析： 考查宾语从句。句意：斯坦福大学研究生凯拉·古德和芝加哥大学心理学副教授亚历克斯·肖运用一种经典技术，来深入了解儿童对声誉的看法。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何看待声誉”，用连接副词how。故填how。 (4)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：在几项研究中，他们让576名4至9岁的儿童预测故事中两个角色汤姆和杰克的行为。此处为固定搭配“ask sb. to do sth.”，意为“让某人做某事”，用动词不定式to predict作宾补。故填to predict。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词比较级。句意：在一项研究中，他们告诉孩子们两个角色考试都没考好，然后问他们哪个更有可能在全班同学面前举手向老师求助。此处为形容词作表语，结合句意，此处暗含汤姆和杰克的对比，用likely的比较级more likely，意为“更有可能的”。故填more likely。 (6)题解析： 考查代词。句意：4岁的孩子同样有可能选择两个角色中的任意一个会求助。结合句意，此处表示“两者中的任意一个”，用代词either，意为“两者之一”。故填either。 (7)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：他们仍然能想象出杰克会求助的场景：当求助可以私下进行时（通过电脑而非当面），孩子们认为两个角色求助的可能性是一样的。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为situations，为抽象地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 (8)题解析： 考查动词语态。句意：他们仍然能想象出杰克会求助的场景：当求助可以私下进行时（通过电脑而非当面），孩子们认为两个角色求助的可能性是一样的。此处位于情态动词后，应使用动词原形，it（指代help）与seek为被动关系，用情态动词的被动语态。故填be sought。 (9)题解析： 考查主语从句。句意：根据这些发现，当孩子们自己遇到困难时，如果他们关心自己的声誉，他们也可能会避免寻求帮助，这似乎是很有可能的。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，用连接词that，只起连接作用，无实际意义。故填that。 (10)题解析： 考查介词。句意：然而，当一个人在意自己给别人留下的印象时，情况就会变得很困难。此处为固定搭配“impressions on sb.”，意为“给某人的印象”，用介词on。故填on。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海建平中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Life on Mars Mars fascinates people all around the world. The Red Planet has been studied by astronomers and scientists for hundreds of years. Perhaps it is Mars’s similarity to Earth 1 gets people so excited. The surface of the planet is covered by features that are very familiar to human eyes: volcanoes, valleys and huge deserts. Like Earth, Mars also has ice caps at the poles. All these similarities have encouraged a belief in “Martians”. In the early twentieth century some people even claimed that we were being watched by aliens, and that they planned to invade or destroy Earth. By the time the first missions reached Mars in the 1970s, hundreds of books and films 2 (produce) describing what the aliens and their world looked like. To the excitement of scientists and the public, robot vehicles were sent 3 (explore) the surface of the planet. People held their breath and waited to see the first images of an alien world. They believed that the pictures 4 (show) evidence of life. Yet, the pictures the robots sent back were disappointing. They showed 5 empty and barren landscape. Most people were convinced that Mars must be a dead planet, and that any life there ended millions of years ago. However, mankind will not give up on Mars. Recently, NASA 6 (announce) that plans are being made to send a manned mission to Mars by the year 2035. Other space programmes in Europe and Asia also want to explore the planet further, hoping to learn more about the universe and the future of Earth. Some people are 7 the Mars programmes. They claim that a huge amount of money is going to be wasted on the mission, money that could be spent on other projects 8 (close) to the earth, like housing and feeding people. In reply, space scientists stress that the benefits of studying Mars are undeniable. In fifty years, more of Earth’s natural resources 9 (use) up or destroyed. The study of Mars 10 provide vital clues about how to ensure a better future for our own planet. 【答案】1. that 2. had been produced 3. to explore 4. would show 5. an 6. has announced 7. against 8. closer 9. will be used 10. could 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了火星对人类的吸引力、人类对火星的探索历程以及人们对火星探索项目的不同看法。 (1)题解析： 考查强调句。句意：或许正是火星与地球的相似之处让人们如此兴奋。此处为强调句型“It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分”，被强调部分是Mars’ similarity to Earth（事物），所以用that引导。故填that。 (2)题解析： 考查动词时态和语态。句意：到20世纪70年代第一次火星任务抵达火星时，已经有数百本图书和电影描绘了外星人和他们的世界是什么样子的。根据时间状语By the time the first missions reached Mars in the 1970s（“到……为止”，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时），且主语hundreds of books and films与produce之间是被动关系（“图书和电影被制作”），所以用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been + 过去分词”。故填had been produced。 (3)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：让科学家和公众兴奋的是，机器人探测器被派去探索火星表面。此处表示“被派去做某事”，用不定式作目的状语，即be sent to do sth.，故填to explore。 (4)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：他们相信这些照片会显示出生命存在的证据。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，结合“believed”可知，“相信照片会显示证据”是过去的将来动作，所以用过去将来时would show。故填would show。 (5)题解析： 考查冠词。句意：它们展示了一片空旷荒凉的景象。landscape为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一片……的景象”，为泛指，且empty是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 (6)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：最近，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）宣布，计划在2035年前派遣载人任务前往火星。此处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语Recently可知，动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语NASA是单数，announce的过去分词是announced。故填has announced。 (7)题解析： 考查介词。句意：有些人反对火星探索项目。根据后文“They claim that a huge amount of money is going to be wasted on the mission”可知，此处表示“反对”，用介词against。故填against。 (8)题解析： 考查比较级。句意：他们声称，大量资金将浪费在这项任务上，而这些资金本可以用于其他更贴近地球的项目，比如住房和粮食供应。表示更接近地球，用形容词比较级closer。故填closer。 (9)题解析： 考查动词时态和语态。句意：五十年后，地球更多的自然资源将会被耗尽或破坏。根据时间状语In fifty years可知，用一般将来时，且主语more of Earth’s natural resources与use up之间是被动关系（“资源被耗尽”），所以用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be + 过去分词”。故填will be used。 (10)题解析： 考查情态动词。句意：对火星的研究可能会为如何确保我们自己星球的更美好未来提供重要线索。结合语境，此处表示“可能、或许”，用情态动词could。故填could。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. How Old Wind Turbines Could Become Tiny Homes “Rubbish is immortal (永生的),” wrote Czech author Ivan Klima in his novel Love and Garbage. “What else is there 1 is so indestructible?” And even as we make the world into a greener place by embracing renewable energy, the problem of how to deal with waste 2 (remain) a difficult one to solve. The thing is, renewable energy tools like wind turbines (风力涡轮机) do a lot of good, but they also need 3 (recycle) and replacement is necessary when they get old. Many of the parts can be melted down and used again, but this comes at a cost to the environment, 4 the process produces carbon emissions. Luckily, experts have been working on ways to use these giant turbines again at the end of their lives. Old blades 5 (use) as noise barriers next to roads, as bike sheds, and as children’s playground equipment 6 kids can climb, slide, and explore in a safe, eco-friendly space, turning once-discarded industrial parts into places of joy and activity. And some of the stems — or nacelles (短舱), as the parts that contain the engines are known — have even been used for housing. Last year, a Swedish energy company called Vattenfall and Dutch firm Blade-Made worked together to create a tiny home made from a decommissioned turbine. Shown during Dutch Design Week in 2024, it 7 (measure) 4 meters wide, 10 meters long and three meters high and according to CNN is “surprisingly light and airy” 8 the glass doors at either end. Crucially, it was also compliant (符合的) with Dutch building rules. But with more and more turbines 9 (expect) to be replaced in the coming years, could they really help to solve housing crises? Jos de Krieger is a co-founder of Blade-Made, and he says: why not? His company, along with its collaborators, is planning to create 10 tiny homes using turbines. He told CNN that making old turbines into homes is “ 10 (complex) thing you can do” but now it has been done, anything is possible. “We need solutions,” he said, adding that he wants to “create stories, instead of waste.” Klima would surely approve. 【答案】1. that 2. remains 3. recycling##to be recycled 4. because##as##since 5. have been used##are used 6. where 7. measures 8. thanks to##owing to##due to##because of 9. expected 10. the most complex 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了可再生能源设备的废弃物处理问题——风力涡轮机虽环保，但老化后需回收替换，其回收过程会产生碳排放。幸运的是，专家已研发多种再利用方式。 (1)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：“还有什么东西是如此坚不可摧的？”此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是疑问词what else，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词为不定代词else修饰的what，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 (2)题解析： 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：即使我们通过拥抱可再生能源让世界变得更环保，如何处理废弃物的问题仍然是一个难以解决的问题。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the problem是单数，谓语动词remain用第三人称单数形式remains。故填remains。 (3)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：问题是，像风力涡轮机这样的可再生能源设备确实益处良多，但它们也需要回收，而且老化后必须更换。need后接动名词时用主动形式表示被动含义（need doing = need to be done），此处表示“需要被回收”，故填recycling/to be recycled。 (4)题解析： 考查连词。句意：许多部件可以熔化后重新利用，但这会对环境造成代价，因为该过程会产生碳排放。后文“产生碳排放”是前文“对环境有代价”的原因，应用连词because/since/as引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。 (5)题解析： 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：旧叶片（已）被用作道路旁的隔音屏障、自行车棚和儿童游乐设施，孩子们可以在安全、环保的空间里攀爬、滑行和探索——将曾经被丢弃的工业部件变成欢乐和活动的场所。主语Old blades与use之间是被动关系，句子表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，也可以理解为描述当前的再利用方式，用一般现在时的被动语态，主谓一致，故填have been used/are used。 (6)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：旧叶片被用作道路旁的隔音屏障、自行车棚和儿童游乐设施，孩子们可以在安全、环保的空间里攀爬、滑行和探索——将曾经被丢弃的工业部件变成欢乐和活动的场所。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是children’s playground equipment，指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 (7)题解析： 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：该住宅于2024年荷兰设计周期间展出，宽4米、长10米、高3米，据美国有线电视新闻网报道，由于两端的玻璃门，它“出人意料地明亮通透”。measure表示“测量结果为……”时为不及物动词，无被动语态，句子描述住宅的客观尺寸，用一般现在时；主语it是单数，谓语动词用measures。故填measures。 (8)题解析： 考查介词。句意：该住宅于2024年荷兰设计周期间展出，宽4米、长10米、高3米，据美国有线电视新闻网报道，由于两端的玻璃门，它“出人意料地明亮通透”。后文“两端的玻璃门”是住宅“明亮通透”的原因，应用介词短语thanks to或owing to或due to或because of，后接名词短语，符合语境。故填thanks to/owing to/due to/because of。 (9)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着未来几年越来越多的涡轮机预计将被替换，它们真的能帮助解决住房危机吗？with复合结构中，turbines与expect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填expected。 (10)题解析： 考查形容词最高级。句意：他告诉美国有线电视新闻网，将旧涡轮机改造成住宅是“你能做的最复杂的事情”，但现在已经做到了，一切皆有可能。根据范围限定词you can do和语境“最复杂的事情”，应用形容词最高级；complex是多音节词，最高级形式为the most complex，句中定冠词the不可省略。故填the most complex。 （四） （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）Latin study can help Chinese learn English In 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first 1 attracted me was just the mysterious Eastern culture, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was attracted by Chinese philosophy (哲学). In 1994, I 2 (recommend) by a friend to study with the famous philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, focusing myself on the introduction and the spread of Christianity in China, 3 is a topic that continues to interest me today. Learning ancient languages allows 4 studying them to communicate with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up each word in the dictionary, I felt 5 6 I were talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy. Nowadays, although Chinese are crazy 7 learning English, many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways. If one wishes to understand Western culture, why learning Latin is essential cannot be ignored. Therefore, I always wonder 8 some Chinese are so satisfied with their superficial (肤浅的) understanding instead of exploring the roots of the language. I used to have a dream of building a language school 9 is dedicated to Western classical languages. Whether this dream can be fully achieved remains uncertain, but I have started courses at Renmin University and Beijing Normal University. On weekends I also teach publicly at the Xishiku Cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so that my dream has been realized partially. Besides teaching, I spend my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 10 (publish) more than 30 articles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best. I consider 11 particularly rewarding to see my students making progress. 【答案】1. what 2. was recommended 3. which 4. those 5. as 6. if 7. about 8. why 9. which## that 10. have published 11. it 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己学习中文、哲学的经历，强调学习拉丁语对理解西方文化及英语的重要性，还提及自己建立语言学校的梦想及教学、写作成果等。 (1)题解析： 考查主语从句。句意：起初，吸引我的只是神秘的东方文化。此空引导主语从句作句子的主语，且从句中缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，所以用what引导。故填what。 (2)题解析： 考查动词语态。句意：1994年，我被一位朋友推荐到北京大学跟随著名哲学家汤一介攻读博士学位，专注于基督教在中国的传入与传播，这是一个至今仍让我感兴趣的话题。根据时间状语In 1994可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，且主语I与recommend之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was recommended。故填was recommended。 (3)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：1994年，我被一位朋友推荐到北京大学跟随著名哲学家汤一介攻读博士学位，专注于基督教在中国的传入与传播，这是一个至今仍让我感兴趣的话题。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。故填which。 (4)题解析： 考查代词。句意：学习古代语言能让学习它们的人与古代智者交流。此处指代学习古代语言的人，作allows的宾语，指代“那些人”，所以用代词those。故填those。 (5)题解析： 考查固定搭配。句意：当我第一次通过查字典读《论语》的中文原文时，我感觉就像在和生活在大约2500年前的他们交谈，这给了我巨大的快乐。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配feel as if“感觉好像”，所以填as。故填as。 (6)题解析： 考查固定搭配。句意：当我第一次通过查字典读《论语》的中文原文时，我感觉就像在和生活在大约2500年前的他们交谈，这给了我巨大的快乐。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配feel as if“感觉好像”，所以填if。故填if。 (7)题解析： 考查固定短语。句意：如今，虽然中国人热衷于学习英语，但很多人不知道英语在很多方面都受到了拉丁语的影响。此处为固定短语be crazy about“热衷于……，对……着迷”，所以填about。故填about。 (8)题解析： 考查宾语从句。句意：因此，我总是想知道为什么有些中国人对他们肤浅的理解如此满足，而不是去探索语言的根源。此空引导宾语从句作wonder的宾语，从句中缺少原因状语，表示“为什么”，所以用why引导。故填why。 (9)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：我曾经有一个梦想，就是建立一所致力于西方古典语言的语言学校。此空引导定语从句，先行词为a language school，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which / that引导。故填which / that。 (10)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：除了教学，我还利用业余时间写关于经典研究的书籍，到目前为止我已经发表了30多篇文章。根据时间状语so far可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，其结构为“have / has +过去分词”，主语I是第一人称，所以用have published。故填have published。 (11)题解析： 考查it作形式宾语。句意：我把我的学生当作我的孩子，想把我最好的给他们。看到我的学生取得进步，我觉得特别有成就感。此处用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式to see my students making progress。故填it。 （一） （25-26高一上·上海领科双语学校·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Increasingly, many 1 (variety) of phrases have been taking over a good old-fashioned “thank you” or “you’re welcome” in daily conversations in the United States. When Americans are 2 (dine) at a restaurant and a waiter comes by to ask them 3 they would like more water or bread, do you notice that they often say “I’m good” rather than “no, thank you”? When someone thanks them for holding the door open, “no problem” is almost the same response as “you’re welcome”. Does this mean that we no longer make any effort 4 (be) polite? Are Americans becoming ruder, abandoning traditional polite phrases, or are the words that they use now just updated versions of the same emotion? According to Lisa Gache, co-founder of Beverly Hills Manners, the decline of these magic words in our everyday conversation is 5 (relate) to the preference for all things casual in our society today. Casual conversation, casual dress and casual behaviour are present in all areas of life. And there is little 6 (doubtful) that Americans agree with her. A survey conducted by Rasmussen Reports revealed that 76 percent of those surveyed thought that Americans were becoming “ruder and 7 (civil)”. But is using phrases like “no problem” or “you bet” or “enjoy” really rude? Does more casual phrasing 8 (reflection) less gratitude? Doesn’t “no, thank you” sometimes sound a little too formal, perhaps even a little too harsh (刺耳的) when it begins with a “no”? Emily Post, whose great-great-grandmother set the standard on manners with the book Etiquette, thought that 9 the principles of respect and consideration are “universal and timeless”, actual manners vary over time and between cultures, so do the words used to express gratitude and appreciation. It’s probably not a bad idea 10 (remember) to say “please” and “thank you”, but don’t beat yourself up thinking you’re a horrible person if you say “have a good one” instead of “have a nice day”. 【答案】1. varieties 2. dining 3. whether##if 4. to be 5. related 6. doubt 7. less civil 8. reflect 9. while##though##although 10. to remember 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国日常对话中传统礼貌用语被各类短语替代的现象，探讨其与社会随意趋势的关联，以及礼貌用语的本质是尊重与体谅。 (1)题解析： 考查名词复数。句意：在美国的日常对话中，越来越多的短语已经取代了老式的“谢谢”或“不客气”。variety为可数名词，空前有many修饰，需用复数形式，variety的复数是varieties。故填varieties。 (2)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：当美国人在餐馆用餐时，服务员过来询问他们是否需要更多的水或面包，你会注意到他们经常说“我很好”而不是“不用了，谢谢”吗？此处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据语境和主句的一般现在时，结合从句中are可知，此处用现在进行时，表示正在进行的动作，结构为am/is/are+doing，dine的现在分词是dining。故填dining。 (3)题解析： 考查连词。句意：当美国人在餐馆用餐时，服务员过来询问他们是否需要更多的水或面包，你会注意到他们经常说“我很好”而不是“不用了，谢谢”吗？空格处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，结合句意，此处表示“是否”，所以用连词if/whether。故填if/whether。 (4)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是否意味着我们不再努力保持礼貌？make an effort to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。故填to be。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词。句意：贝弗利山礼仪公司的联合创始人莉萨·加奇表示，这些神奇词汇在我们日常对话中的减少与当今社会对一切随意事物的偏好有关。be related to为固定搭配，意为“与……有关”，此处需用形容词related作表语。故填related。 (6)题解析： 考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，美国人同意她的观点。there is little doubt that为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。故填doubt。 (7)题解析： 考查形容词比较级。句意：拉斯穆森报告进行的一项调查显示，76%的受访者认为美国人变得“更粗鲁、更不文明”。根据and前的ruder可知，此处需用形容词比较级，结合句意，此处表示“更不文明”，less civil符合题意。故填less civil。 (8)题解析： 考查动词。句意：更随意的措辞是否反映出更少的感激之情？此处为一般疑问句，助动词Does后接动词原形，reflection的动词形式是reflect，意为“反映”。故填reflect。 (9)题解析： 考查连词。句意：艾米丽·波斯特的曾曾祖母以《礼仪》一书奠定了礼仪的标准，她认为，尽管尊重和体谅的原则是“普遍且永恒的”，但实际的礼仪会随着时间和文化的不同而变化，表达感激和赞赏的词语也是如此。空格前后为转折让步关系，所以用连词while/though/although引导让步状语从句。故填while/though/although。 (10)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：记住说“请”和“谢谢”可能不是一个坏主意，但如果你说“祝你愉快”而不是“祝你今天愉快”，不要自责认为自己是个糟糕的人。It’s not a bad idea to do sth.为固定句型，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填to remember。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Travel Young, Travel Far Dear Young Dreamer, You wrote to me about your problem. You dream of travelling, and you wonder how, as a teenager, you 1 make it happen. I understand that you are not very happy about taking the subjects that 2 (not interest) you. You don't think you will ever need much of what you are studying right now. While some of your lessons may not seem directly related 3 your needs at the moment, you are learning valuable study skills. You do need these skills to analyse the world around you, to process information, and above all, to think for yourself. These exact skills will help you deal with difficulties 4 stand between you and your travel dreams. I say dream big but stay practical. However, it's the practical part that most people miss. Even 5 (pleasant) life has its difficulties, but a challenge won't prevent you from 6 (reach) your dreams if you stay rooted in the practical, in the action you can take to bring yourself closer to your dreams. Work hard, make a plan and then actually stick to 7 . Travel was a goal that I believed would finally signal that I had made it through to the other side of my troubled background. I made it there. You can, too. As a teen, you have some limitations when making your travel plans. Your parents have a say in where and how you travel. The amount of money they can spend on your travel is also a factor. Cost will determine your experience — 8 you visit Europe, take part in a student exchange programme, or stay and work to help with family finances. Considering the limitations that have shaped your life until now, I hope you will maintain your travel dreams. Sincerely yours, Shannon 【答案】1. can 2. don’t interest 3. to 4. that##which 5. the most pleasant 6. reaching 7. it 8. whether 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇应用文。主要针对青少年的旅行梦想给出建议，强调当下学习技能的价值，建议既要心怀梦想也要脚踏实地，兼顾现实限制。 (1)题解析： 考查情态动词。句意：你梦想旅行，想知道作为一名青少年，你如何能让它成为现实。此处表示“能够、可以”，用情态动词can，表能力和可能性。故填can。 (2)题解析： 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我理解你对学习那些不吸引你的科目不太开心。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，描述客观情况用一般现在时；主语that指代先行词the subjects为复数，否定形式用don’t interest。故填don’t interest。 (3)题解析： 考查介词。句意：虽然你现在的一些课程可能看起来与你的需求没有直接关联，但你正在学习宝贵的学习技能。此处为固定搭配“be related to”，意为“与……相关”，用介词to。故填to。 (4)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：这些确切的技能将帮助你应对阻碍你实现旅行梦想的困难。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为difficulties，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 (5)题解析： 考查形容词最高级。句意：即使是最愉快的生活也会有困难，但如果你脚踏实地，采取行动让自己更接近梦想，挑战也不会阻止你实现梦想。此处修饰名词life，结合句意以及even可知，此处表示“最愉快的”，用pleasant的最高级the most pleasant。故填the most pleasant。 (6)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是最愉快的生活也会有困难，但如果你脚踏实地，采取行动让自己更接近梦想，挑战也不会阻止你实现梦想。此处位于介词from之后，用reach的动名词形式reaching作宾语。故填reaching。 (7)题解析： 考查代词。句意：努力学习，制定计划，然后切实遵守它。此处指代前文的a plan，用代词it作宾语。故填it。 (8)题解析： 考查连词。句意：成本将决定你的经历——无论是去欧洲旅行、参加交换生项目，还是留下来工作以补贴家用。此处为固定搭配“whether...or...”，意为“无论是……还是……”，用连词whether。故填whether。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ashley’s mother bought her a computer when she was eight. 1 she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet a lot, but she could not find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.” So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, which 2 (call) Goosehead. 3 she was very young, she managed a team of about 30 employees while the site was getting 100,000 hits every day. “I was so happy, but it was also crazy in a lot of ways,” she recalls. “I got very stressed, as I was only sixteen and didn’t even have a car!” After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, 4 (ask) to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about 5 to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called All About Ashley, 6 Ashley tells readers what it’s like to be the boss of a company when they’re only sixteen. In her book, Ashley talks about the problems facing teenagers today, and about the importance of friendship, but also about being independent. “Learn to love your friends but not rely on them. I did that by 7 (create) Goosehead on my own.” Ashley says that The Goosehead Guide to Life is not a book of teenage advice. “It isn’t a book that’s going to tell you what to do. I hope you can work that out for 8 ” she says. “I just want to provide a little inspiration to teenagers. In the last few years, I 9 (receive) thousands of emails from those who have read my story. Maybe after reading my story, you 10 (launch) your own website. But perhaps you’ve got a better idea? Well, if I were you, I’d just do it, whatever it is. Maybe it won’t work but maybe it will!” 【答案】1. When 2. was called 3. Although##While##Though 4. was asked 5. how 6. where 7. creating 8. yourself 9. have received 10. will launch 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Ashley从八岁得到电脑，到十六岁创办Goosehead网站，再到网站关闭后写书分享经验的过程。她强调独立和自我实现的重要性，鼓励年轻人勇敢追梦。 (1)题解析： 考查时间状语从句。句意：当她13岁的时候，她经常上网，但她找不到任何地方让青少年见面和交谈。根据句意可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，应用when引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填When。 (2)题解析： 考查动词时态和语态。句意：所以，当Ashley16岁的时候，她推出了自己的网站，名为Goosehead。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词website，在从句中作主语，与call之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，从句主语which指代website，为单数名词，be动词应用was。故填was called。 (3)题解析： 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管她很年轻，但在网站每天有10万次点击量的时候，她管理着一个大约30名员工的团队。根据句意可知，空格处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，应用although/while/though引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/While/Though。 (4)题解析： 考查动词时态和语态。句意：几年后，这个网站关闭了。然后，住在洛杉矶的Ashley被要求写一本名为《The Goosehead Guide to Life》的书。空格处作谓语，根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语Ashley与ask之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语Ashley为单数名词，be动词应用was。故填was asked。 (5)题解析： 考查疑问词。句意：这本书是关于如何设计网站和创业的。根据句意可知，空格处表示“如何”，应用疑问词how与后文to design构成特殊疑问词+不定式结构。故填how。 (6)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：它从一个名为“关于Ashley的一切”的部分开始，在这个部分，Ashley告诉读者，当他们只有16岁的时候，作为一家公司的老板是什么感觉。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a section，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 (7)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：我通过自己创建Goosehead做到了这一点。by为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填creating。 (8)题解析： 考查反身代词。句意：“这不是一本会告诉你该做什么的书。我希望你能自己解决这个问题，”她说。根据句意可知，空格处表示“你自己”，应用反身代词yourself作宾语。故填yourself。 (9)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几年里，我收到了成千上万封来自读过我的故事的人的电子邮件。根据时间状语In the last few years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词应用have。故填have received。 (10)题解析： 考查动词时态。句意：也许在读了我的故事后，你会推出自己的网站。根据语境可知，此处表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will launch。 （四） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Zhaozhou Bridge The Zhaozhou Bridge is the oldest standing bridge in China. It is 50.82 metres in length and 9 metres in width. Also known as the Anji (safe crossing) Bridge, it stretches across the Xiao River in Zhao County, Hebei Province. A noted architect, 1 name was Li Chun, designed the bridge. Since it 2 (build) around 605 A.D. during the Sui Dynasty (581-618), the stone bridge has survived many wars, floods and earthquakes. The Zhaozhou Bridge is the world’s 3 (early) open-spandrel arches(敞肩拱式的)bridge. Such arch bridges did not appear in Europe until the mid-19th century. The bridge bears two pairs of small arches at each side of 4 central arch. The open-spandrel arch, compared with a filled spandrel arch, minimises water blockage and increases the flow area by 16.5%. This is especially important during those times 5 the Xiao River becomes flooded. The single-span bridge (单跨桥)has no piers (桥墩) 6 it. But all of its arches were designed to make the slope (坡度)of the bridge floor gentle, and to help the passage of vehicles on it. Otherwise, it would be very difficult for vehicles to use the bridge. 【答案】1. whose 2. was built 3. earliest 4. the 5. when 6. beneath##under 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国现存最古老的桥梁——赵州桥。 (1)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：一位著名的建筑师李春设计了这座桥。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词architect，指人，引导词在从句中作定语表示所属关系，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 (2)题解析： 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自隋朝（公元581-618年）约公元605年建成以来，这座石桥经历了许多战争、洪水和地震。空格处作从句的谓语，根据时间状语around 605 A.D. during the Sui Dynasty (581-618)可知，应用一般过去时，build和主语it之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was built。 (3)题解析： 考查形容词最高级。句意：赵州桥是世界上最早的敞肩拱桥。空格处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词open-spandrel arches bridge，根据句意，此处表示“最早的”，应填形容词最高级。故填earliest。 (4)题解析： 考查冠词。句意：桥的中央拱桥两侧各有两对小拱桥。空格处应填冠词修饰名词central arch，此处表示特指，需用定冠词the。故填the。 (5)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：这在洨河发洪水的时候尤为重要。空格处引导定语从句，先行词times，指时间，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 (6)题解析： 考查介词。句意：单跨桥下面没有桥墩。空格处应填介词，根据句意“在它下面”可知，需用介词beneath/under。故填beneath/under。 （五） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Minor Snow: A Sign of Winter Chills To the Snow (By Gao Pian) The six-petal flakes whirl into the house; I sat, seeing bamboos turn white jade boughs. 六出飞花入户时，坐看青竹变琼枝。 (Translated by Qin Dachuan) Minor Snow, or Xiaoxue in Chinese, is 1 20th solar term of the Chinese lunar year. 2 the name shows, the period refers to the time of year when the weather starts getting colder. According to an old Chinese saying, “If the sky is full of snow during Minor Snow, next year 3 (see) a good harvest.” The right kind of weather during Minor Snow 4 benefit the agricultural sector. Low temperatures accompanying the snow can kill some hidden pests and bacteria in the soil, 5 can reduce pests and diseases the following year. More importantly, like a blanket, snow can keep the soil warm. This is favourable for the decomposing (分解) process of organic matter in the soil, which 6 (help) make the soil richer. Orchard farmers will trim (修剪) their trees during this time. 【答案】1. the 2. As 3. will see 4. can 5. which 6. helps 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是中国农历中的“小雪”节气，包括其定义、气候特点、对农业的影响以及农民在这一时期的一些农事活动。 (1)题解析： 考查定冠词。句意：小雪是中国农历年的第20个节气。20th是序数词，空格处用定冠词the，故填the。 (2)题解析： 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：顾名思义，这个时期指的是一年中天气开始变冷的时候。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，空格处含“正如”的意思，因此用as引导定语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。 (3)题解析： 考查时态。句意：中国有句老话：“小雪时节雪花飘，来年收成一定好。”由next year可知，句子时态是一般将来时，空格处是will see，故填will see。 (4)题解析： 考查情态动词。句意：小雪期间适宜的天气对农业部门有利。benefit是动词原形，空格处用情态动词，此处表示“客观上能够带来益处”，用情态动词can表“能够、可以”，体现天气对农业的潜在积极作用，符合语境，故填can。 (5)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：伴随降雪的低温可以杀死土壤中隐藏的一些害虫和细菌，从而减少第二年的病虫害。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 (6)题解析： 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这有利于土壤中有机质的分解过程，有助于使土壤更肥沃。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代前文“the decomposing process of organic matter in the soil”，表单数概念，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填helps。 （一） （25-26高一上·上海浦东新区·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model 1 (call) Sora which it claims 2 create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog posted on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of 3 (generate) videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, serving up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is 4 (late) effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 5 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 6 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden. Hayden said these types of AI models can have a big impact 7 digital entertainment. Sora 8 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to 9 number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 10 creative professionals could use it. 【答案】1. called 2. can 3. generating 4. the latest 5. which 6. While##Though##Although 7. on 8. will be made 9. a 10. how 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了OpenAI推出的人工智能新模型Sora，它能够根据文本指令生成长达60秒的“逼真”和“富有想象力”的视频，并探讨了该技术对数字娱乐领域的潜在影响。 (1)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能领导者OpenAI推出了一种名为Sora的人工智能新模型，它声称可以从快速的文本指令中创建“逼真”和“富有想象力”的60秒视频。句子谓语动词为introduced，空处应为非谓语动词作a new AI model的后置定语，动词call与逻辑主语a new AI model之间是被动关系，应用过去分词called。故填called。 (2)题解析： 考查情态动词。句意：人工智能领导者OpenAI推出了一种名为Sora的人工智能新模型，它声称可以从快速的文本指令中创建“逼真”和“富有想象力”的60秒视频。分析句子结构可知，it claims为插入语，create为which引导的定语从句的谓语。根据空后的动词原形“create”可知，空处为情态动词，此处表示能力，应为can“能够，可以”。故填can。 (3)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：在周三发布的一篇博客中，该公司表示，Sora能够根据文本指令生成长达60秒的视频，提供多角色、特定类型的动作和详细的背景细节的场景。空前“of”为介词，后接动名词。be capable of doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“有能力做某事”。generate的动名词形式为generating。故填generating。 (4)题解析： 考查形容词最高级。句意：这是其背后开发了风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT的公司的最新力作，该公司正持续推动生成式人工智能浪潮向前发展。此处需用形容词最高级作定语修饰名词effort表示“最新的努力”。late的最高级形式为the latest。故填the latest。 (5)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：这是其背后开发了风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT的公司的最新力作，该公司正持续推动生成式人工智能浪潮向前发展。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the company，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 (6)题解析： 考查状语从句。句意：里斯·海登表示，尽管“多模态模型”并不新鲜，文本到视频模型已经存在，但OpenAI声称Sora具有的长度和准确性使其与众不同。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用while/though/although引导，句首首字母需大写。故填While/Though/Although。 (7)题解析： 考查介词。句意：海登说，这些类型的人工智能模型可以对数字娱乐产生巨大影响。have a big impact on为固定搭配，表示“对……产生巨大影响”。故填on。 (8)题解析： 考查时态及语态。句意：Sora将很快提供给在线安全教授，以评估该产品的危害或风险。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据“soon”可知，句子讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且Sora与make之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，make的一般将来时的被动形式为will be made。故填will be made。 (9)题解析： 考查冠词。句意：它还允许许多视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人收集关于创意专业人士如何使用它的反馈。a number of为固定搭配，表示“许多，大量”。故填a。 (10)题解析： 考查宾语从句。句意：它还允许许多视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人收集关于创意专业人士如何使用它的反馈。空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导，表示“如何，怎样”。故填how。 （二） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A new study from the University of Japan has confirmed that although pet cats are more than capable of recognizing their owner’s voice, they choose to ignore them — for reasons that 1 (root) in the evolutionary history of the animal. The study tested twenty housecats in their own homes, waiting until the owner was out of sight and then playing them recordings of three strangers calling their names, followed by their owner and 2 stranger. When hearing their names 3 (call), the cats displayed “orientating behavior” (moving their heads and ears about to locate 4 the sound was coming from) and 5 they showed a greater response to their owner’s voices than strangers’, they declined to move when called by any of the volunteers. “This cat-owner relationship is in contrast 6 that with dogs.” The study suggests that the reason for cats’ unresponsive behaviour 7 be traced back to the early domestication of the species, contrasting with the relationship of humans to dogs. Recent genetic analysis 8 (reveal) that the common ancestor of the modern housecat was Felis silvestris, a species of wildcat 9 first came into contact with humans around 9,000 years ago. “Historically speaking, cats, unlike dogs, have not been domesticated to obey humans’ orders. Rather, they seem to take the initiative in human-cat interaction.” This is what differs from the history of dogs and humans, where the former 10 (breed) over thousands of years to respond to orders and commands. Cats, it seems, never needed to learn. 【答案】1. are rooted 2. another 3. called 4. where 5. although##though##while 6. to 7. may##might 8. has revealed 9. that##which 10. has been bred 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。日本大学的一项新研究通过实验证明尽管宠物猫完全有能力识别主人的声音，但它们却选择置之不理。 (1)题解析： 考查时态和语态。句意：日本大学的一项新研究证实，尽管宠物猫完全有能力识别主人的声音，但它们却选择置之不理——这背后的原因根植于该物种的进化史。此处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，主语为that，指代先行词reasons，故主语为复数，与root之间为被动关系，且根据前文are可知，此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填are rooted。 (2)题解析： 考查代词。句意：实验等待主人离开视线后，播放五段录音：先播放三位陌生人呼唤猫咪的名字，接着播放主人的声音，再播放另一位陌生人的声音。根据前文“three strangers”可知，此处指在之前的三位陌生人的基础上，再播放“另一个陌生人的声音”，表示三者或三者以上的另一个，应用another，故填another。 (3)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：当听到自己的名字被呼唤时，猫咪表现出“定位行为”（转动头和耳朵以确定声音的来源地），虽然它们对主人的声音比陌生人的反应更强烈，但在任何志愿者呼唤时，它们都拒绝移动。此处在句中作宾补，宾语为their names，与call之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补，故填called。 (4)题解析： 考查宾语从句。句意同上。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，意为“哪里”，故应用where引导，故填where。 (5)题解析： 考查连词。句意同3小题。此处“they showed a greater response to their owner’s voices than strangers’”与“they declined to move when called by any of the volunteers.”之间为转折关系，故应用although/though/while“尽管”引导让步状语从句，故填although/though/while。 (6)题解析： 考查介词。句意：这种猫与主人的关系不同于与狗的关系。此处意为“与……不同”，表达为in contrast to，故此处应用介词to，故填to。 (7)题解析： 考查情态动词。句意：研究表明，猫的这种无反应行为的根源可能追溯到该物种早期被驯化的过程，这恰恰与人和狗的关系形成对比。此处表示一种可能性，应用情态动词may/might，故填might。 (8)题解析： 考查时态。句意：最近的基因分析揭示，现代家猫的共同祖先是非洲野猫，这是一种约在9000年前首次与人类接触的野生猫科动物。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为genetic analysis，为单数，与reveal之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语“Recent”可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has revealed。 (9)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导定语从句，先行词为a species of wildcat，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用that/which引导，故填that/which。 (10)题解析： 考查时态和语态。句意：这正是猫与狗和人类关系历史的区别所在，狗经过数千年的培育以响应人类的指令和命令。此处作定语从句中的谓语动词，主语为the former，为单数，与breed之间为被动关系，且根据时间状语“over thousands of years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has been bred。 （三） （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the sentences coherent (意思连贯的). Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. More Chinese consumers prefer to make payments via smart devices as mobile apps have made purchases much easier, but security concerns remain, a PwC report said. Nearly one-third of respondents in China chose mobile payment when shopping in 2015, doubling from 16 percent in 2014, 1 the accounting firm’s global retail survey. The figure appeared much higher than the world’s average of 12 percent. “The popularity comes as a result of rapid growth of mobile payment options and an expanding mobile network,” the report said. Chinese have started to enjoy a wide range of mobile payment options 2 allow faster, securer payment through near field communication and QR code. Moreover, more advances 3 (see) in biometric (计量生物学的) technology, such as the use of fingerprints and facial recognition. “ 4 competition becomes fierce, mobile payment players are trying to attract users through the continuous development of technology and business models,” said Yuqing Guo, PwC China’s financial service consulting partner, adding that the technology is changing the way 5 consumers assess and purchase products. But security problems are rising. Data security was still seen as a huge problem, with leak of user information, payment fraud (诈骗) and virus attacks appearing as the three biggest challenges for the rapidly growing field. The PwC report said over 60 percent of respondents were worried that their personal information was not safe. Chinese government has introduced a series of policies 6 (strengthen) strict supervision (监督). In the meantime, people should avoid 7 (scan) QR codes from unknown sources and raise awareness of fraudulence. “The field still has vast space for growth 8 technological advances and the rise of the tech-savvy (懂技术的) younger generation,” the report said. 【答案】1. according to 2. that##which 3. have been seen 4. As 5. that 6. to strengthen 7. scanning 8. due to 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普华永道报告指出中国移动支付普及率全球领先，分析了技术驱动因素和商业模式创新的作用，同时强调数据安全风险和监管应对措施。 (1)题解析： 考查介词短语。句意：根据该会计师事务所的全球零售调查，2015年中国近三分之一的受访者选择移动支付购物，较2014年的16%翻了一番。空前为完整的句子，结合空后的“the accounting firm’s global retail survey”可知，空处应用短语according to“根据”来引出信息来源。故填according to。 (2)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：中国人已开始享受多种移动支付选择，这些选择通过近场通信和二维码实现更快、更安全的支付。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词options，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 (3)题解析： 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，指纹和人脸识别等生物识别技术也取得了更多进展。空处作句子的谓语，结合上一句中“have started”可知，时态应用现在完成时表示过去至今的变化，see“看见”和主语more advances之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have been seen。 (4)题解析： 考查状语从句。句意：普华永道中国金融服务咨询合伙人郭誉清表示：“随着竞争加剧，移动支付参与者正通过持续开发技术和商业模式来吸引用户”，并补充说该技术正在改变消费者评估和购买产品的方式。前后两句中的事情发生的时间关系为：随着前者发生，后者也在发生，因此空处需用从属连词as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填As。 (5)题解析： 考查定语从句。句意：普华永道中国金融服务咨询合伙人郭誉清表示：“随着竞争加剧，移动支付参与者正通过持续开发技术和商业模式来吸引用户”，并补充说该技术正在改变消费者评估和购买产品的方式。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the way，先行词在从句中作方式状语，应用that作引导词。故填that。 (6)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国政府已出台一系列政策以加强严格监管。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作目的状语，表示“为了/来……”，应用strengthen“加强”的不定式形式。故填to strengthen。 (7)题解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：同时，人们应避免扫描来源不明的二维码并提高防诈意识。avoid doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，因此用scan“扫描”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填scanning。 (8)题解析： 考查介词短语。句意：报告称：“由于技术进步和精通技术的年轻一代崛起，该领域仍有巨大增长空间。”空后为名词短语，且“巨大增长空间”应归因于“技术进步”和“精通技术的年轻一代崛起”，因此空处用主要用于书面用语的介词短语due to“由于，因为”。故填due to。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题09语法填空 基础必练 【答案】1.arebroadcasting2.an3.how 4.topredict 5.morelikely 6.either 7.where 8.besought 9.that 10.0m (二) 1.that 2.hadbeenproduced 3.toexplore 4.wouldshow 5.an 6.hasannounced 7.against 8.closer 9.will be used 10.could (三) 【答案】1.that2.remains 3.recycling##toberecycled 4.because##as##since 5.havebeenused##areused 6.where 7.measures 8.thanks to###owingto###dueto##because of 9.expected 10.the most complex (四) 【答案】1.what2.wasrecommended3.which 4.those 5.as 6.if 7.about 8.why 9.which##that 10.have published 11.it 进阶提升 (一) 【答案】l.varieties2.dining3.whether###if 4.tobe 5.related 6.doubt 7.lesscivil 8.reflect 9. while##though#粉lthough 10.to remember (二) 【答案】1.can2.don'tinterest3.to 4.that##which 5.themostpleasant 6.reaching 7.it 8.whether (三) 1/2 品学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.When2.wascalled3.Although#Whilef#Though 4.wasasked 5.how 6.where 7.creating 8.yourself 9.have received 10.will launch (四) 【答案】1.whose 2.was built 3.earliest 4.the 5.when 6.beneath##under (五) 【答案】1.the 2.As 3.will see 4.can 5.which 6.helps 拓展培优 (一) 【答案】1.called2.can3.generating 4.thelatest 5.which 6.While#Though#Although 7.on 8. will be made 9.a 10.how (二) 【答】1.arerooted2.another3.called 4.where 5.although##though###while 6.to 7.may##might 8. has revealed 9.that##which 10.has been bred (三) 【答案】1.accordingto2.that##which3.havebeenseen4.As5.that 6.tostrengthen 7.scanning 8. due to 212 专题09 语法填空 （一） （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Seeking someone’s help can make you feel like you 1 (broadcast) your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, 2 associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about 3 children think about reputation: Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, 4 (predict) the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom genuinely wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be 5 (likely) to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose 6 of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations 7 Jack would seek help: when it could 8 (seek) privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible 9 when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. So, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly hold back learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions 10 others. （二） （25-26高一上·上海建平中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Life on Mars Mars fascinates people all around the world. The Red Planet has been studied by astronomers and scientists for hundreds of years. Perhaps it is Mars’s similarity to Earth 1 gets people so excited. The surface of the planet is covered by features that are very familiar to human eyes: volcanoes, valleys and huge deserts. Like Earth, Mars also has ice caps at the poles. All these similarities have encouraged a belief in “Martians”. In the early twentieth century some people even claimed that we were being watched by aliens, and that they planned to invade or destroy Earth. By the time the first missions reached Mars in the 1970s, hundreds of books and films 2 (produce) describing what the aliens and their world looked like. To the excitement of scientists and the public, robot vehicles were sent 3 (explore) the surface of the planet. People held their breath and waited to see the first images of an alien world. They believed that the pictures 4 (show) evidence of life. Yet, the pictures the robots sent back were disappointing. They showed 5 empty and barren landscape. Most people were convinced that Mars must be a dead planet, and that any life there ended millions of years ago. However, mankind will not give up on Mars. Recently, NASA 6 (announce) that plans are being made to send a manned mission to Mars by the year 2035. Other space programmes in Europe and Asia also want to explore the planet further, hoping to learn more about the universe and the future of Earth. Some people are 7 the Mars programmes. They claim that a huge amount of money is going to be wasted on the mission, money that could be spent on other projects 8 (close) to the earth, like housing and feeding people. In reply, space scientists stress that the benefits of studying Mars are undeniable. In fifty years, more of Earth’s natural resources 9 (use) up or destroyed. The study of Mars 10 provide vital clues about how to ensure a better future for our own planet. （三） （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. How Old Wind Turbines Could Become Tiny Homes “Rubbish is immortal (永生的),” wrote Czech author Ivan Klima in his novel Love and Garbage. “What else is there 1 is so indestructible?” And even as we make the world into a greener place by embracing renewable energy, the problem of how to deal with waste 2 (remain) a difficult one to solve. The thing is, renewable energy tools like wind turbines (风力涡轮机) do a lot of good, but they also need 3 (recycle) and replacement is necessary when they get old. Many of the parts can be melted down and used again, but this comes at a cost to the environment, 4 the process produces carbon emissions. Luckily, experts have been working on ways to use these giant turbines again at the end of their lives. Old blades 5 (use) as noise barriers next to roads, as bike sheds, and as children’s playground equipment 6 kids can climb, slide, and explore in a safe, eco-friendly space, turning once-discarded industrial parts into places of joy and activity. And some of the stems — or nacelles (短舱), as the parts that contain the engines are known — have even been used for housing. Last year, a Swedish energy company called Vattenfall and Dutch firm Blade-Made worked together to create a tiny home made from a decommissioned turbine. Shown during Dutch Design Week in 2024, it 7 (measure) 4 meters wide, 10 meters long and three meters high and according to CNN is “surprisingly light and airy” 8 the glass doors at either end. Crucially, it was also compliant (符合的) with Dutch building rules. But with more and more turbines 9 (expect) to be replaced in the coming years, could they really help to solve housing crises? Jos de Krieger is a co-founder of Blade-Made, and he says: why not? His company, along with its collaborators, is planning to create 10 tiny homes using turbines. He told CNN that making old turbines into homes is “ 10 (complex) thing you can do” but now it has been done, anything is possible. “We need solutions,” he said, adding that he wants to “create stories, instead of waste.” Klima would surely approve. （四） （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）Latin study can help Chinese learn English In 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first 1 attracted me was just the mysterious Eastern culture, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was attracted by Chinese philosophy (哲学). In 1994, I 2 (recommend) by a friend to study with the famous philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, focusing myself on the introduction and the spread of Christianity in China, 3 is a topic that continues to interest me today. Learning ancient languages allows 4 studying them to communicate with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up each word in the dictionary, I felt 5 6 I were talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy. Nowadays, although Chinese are crazy 7 learning English, many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways. If one wishes to understand Western culture, why learning Latin is essential cannot be ignored. Therefore, I always wonder 8 some Chinese are so satisfied with their superficial (肤浅的) understanding instead of exploring the roots of the language. I used to have a dream of building a language school 9 is dedicated to Western classical languages. Whether this dream can be fully achieved remains uncertain, but I have started courses at Renmin University and Beijing Normal University. On weekends I also teach publicly at the Xishiku Cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so that my dream has been realized partially. Besides teaching, I spend my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 10 (publish) more than 30 articles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best. I consider 11 particularly rewarding to see my students making progress. （一） （25-26高一上·上海领科双语学校·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Increasingly, many 1 (variety) of phrases have been taking over a good old-fashioned “thank you” or “you’re welcome” in daily conversations in the United States. When Americans are 2 (dine) at a restaurant and a waiter comes by to ask them 3 they would like more water or bread, do you notice that they often say “I’m good” rather than “no, thank you”? When someone thanks them for holding the door open, “no problem” is almost the same response as “you’re welcome”. Does this mean that we no longer make any effort 4 (be) polite? Are Americans becoming ruder, abandoning traditional polite phrases, or are the words that they use now just updated versions of the same emotion? According to Lisa Gache, co-founder of Beverly Hills Manners, the decline of these magic words in our everyday conversation is 5 (relate) to the preference for all things casual in our society today. Casual conversation, casual dress and casual behaviour are present in all areas of life. And there is little 6 (doubtful) that Americans agree with her. A survey conducted by Rasmussen Reports revealed that 76 percent of those surveyed thought that Americans were becoming “ruder and 7 (civil)”. But is using phrases like “no problem” or “you bet” or “enjoy” really rude? Does more casual phrasing 8 (reflection) less gratitude? Doesn’t “no, thank you” sometimes sound a little too formal, perhaps even a little too harsh (刺耳的) when it begins with a “no”? Emily Post, whose great-great-grandmother set the standard on manners with the book Etiquette, thought that 9 the principles of respect and consideration are “universal and timeless”, actual manners vary over time and between cultures, so do the words used to express gratitude and appreciation. It’s probably not a bad idea 10 (remember) to say “please” and “thank you”, but don’t beat yourself up thinking you’re a horrible person if you say “have a good one” instead of “have a nice day”. （二） （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Travel Young, Travel Far Dear Young Dreamer, You wrote to me about your problem. You dream of travelling, and you wonder how, as a teenager, you 1 make it happen. I understand that you are not very happy about taking the subjects that 2 (not interest) you. You don't think you will ever need much of what you are studying right now. While some of your lessons may not seem directly related 3 your needs at the moment, you are learning valuable study skills. You do need these skills to analyse the world around you, to process information, and above all, to think for yourself. These exact skills will help you deal with difficulties 4 stand between you and your travel dreams. I say dream big but stay practical. However, it's the practical part that most people miss. Even 5 (pleasant) life has its difficulties, but a challenge won't prevent you from 6 (reach) your dreams if you stay rooted in the practical, in the action you can take to bring yourself closer to your dreams. Work hard, make a plan and then actually stick to 7 . Travel was a goal that I believed would finally signal that I had made it through to the other side of my troubled background. I made it there. You can, too. As a teen, you have some limitations when making your travel plans. Your parents have a say in where and how you travel. The amount of money they can spend on your travel is also a factor. Cost will determine your experience — 8 you visit Europe, take part in a student exchange programme, or stay and work to help with family finances. Considering the limitations that have shaped your life until now, I hope you will maintain your travel dreams. Sincerely yours, Shannon （三） （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ashley’s mother bought her a computer when she was eight. 1 she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet a lot, but she could not find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.” So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, which 2 (call) Goosehead. 3 she was very young, she managed a team of about 30 employees while the site was getting 100,000 hits every day. “I was so happy, but it was also crazy in a lot of ways,” she recalls. “I got very stressed, as I was only sixteen and didn’t even have a car!” After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, 4 (ask) to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about 5 to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called All About Ashley, 6 Ashley tells readers what it’s like to be the boss of a company when they’re only sixteen. In her book, Ashley talks about the problems facing teenagers today, and about the importance of friendship, but also about being independent. “Learn to love your friends but not rely on them. I did that by 7 (create) Goosehead on my own.” Ashley says that The Goosehead Guide to Life is not a book of teenage advice. “It isn’t a book that’s going to tell you what to do. I hope you can work that out for 8 ” she says. “I just want to provide a little inspiration to teenagers. In the last few years, I 9 (receive) thousands of emails from those who have read my story. Maybe after reading my story, you 10 (launch) your own website. But perhaps you’ve got a better idea? Well, if I were you, I’d just do it, whatever it is. Maybe it won’t work but maybe it will!” （四） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Zhaozhou Bridge The Zhaozhou Bridge is the oldest standing bridge in China. It is 50.82 metres in length and 9 metres in width. Also known as the Anji (safe crossing) Bridge, it stretches across the Xiao River in Zhao County, Hebei Province. A noted architect, 1 name was Li Chun, designed the bridge. Since it 2 (build) around 605 A.D. during the Sui Dynasty (581-618), the stone bridge has survived many wars, floods and earthquakes. The Zhaozhou Bridge is the world’s 3 (early) open-spandrel arches(敞肩拱式的)bridge. Such arch bridges did not appear in Europe until the mid-19th century. The bridge bears two pairs of small arches at each side of 4 central arch. The open-spandrel arch, compared with a filled spandrel arch, minimises water blockage and increases the flow area by 16.5%. This is especially important during those times 5 the Xiao River becomes flooded. The single-span bridge (单跨桥)has no piers (桥墩) 6 it. But all of its arches were designed to make the slope (坡度)of the bridge floor gentle, and to help the passage of vehicles on it. Otherwise, it would be very difficult for vehicles to use the bridge. （五） （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Minor Snow: A Sign of Winter Chills To the Snow (By Gao Pian) The six-petal flakes whirl into the house; I sat, seeing bamboos turn white jade boughs. 六出飞花入户时，坐看青竹变琼枝。 (Translated by Qin Dachuan) Minor Snow, or Xiaoxue in Chinese, is 1 20th solar term of the Chinese lunar year. 2 the name shows, the period refers to the time of year when the weather starts getting colder. According to an old Chinese saying, “If the sky is full of snow during Minor Snow, next year 3 (see) a good harvest.” The right kind of weather during Minor Snow 4 benefit the agricultural sector. Low temperatures accompanying the snow can kill some hidden pests and bacteria in the soil, 5 can reduce pests and diseases the following year. More importantly, like a blanket, snow can keep the soil warm. This is favourable for the decomposing (分解) process of organic matter in the soil, which 6 (help) make the soil richer. Orchard farmers will trim (修剪) their trees during this time. （一） （25-26高一上·上海浦东新区·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model 1 (call) Sora which it claims 2 create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog posted on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of 3 (generate) videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, serving up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is 4 (late) effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 5 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 6 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden. Hayden said these types of AI models can have a big impact 7 digital entertainment. Sora 8 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to 9 number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 10 creative professionals could use it. （二） （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A new study from the University of Japan has confirmed that although pet cats are more than capable of recognizing their owner’s voice, they choose to ignore them — for reasons that 1 (root) in the evolutionary history of the animal. The study tested twenty housecats in their own homes, waiting until the owner was out of sight and then playing them recordings of three strangers calling their names, followed by their owner and 2 stranger. When hearing their names 3 (call), the cats displayed “orientating behavior” (moving their heads and ears about to locate 4 the sound was coming from) and 5 they showed a greater response to their owner’s voices than strangers’, they declined to move when called by any of the volunteers. “This cat-owner relationship is in contrast 6 that with dogs.” The study suggests that the reason for cats’ unresponsive behaviour 7 be traced back to the early domestication of the species, contrasting with the relationship of humans to dogs. Recent genetic analysis 8 (reveal) that the common ancestor of the modern housecat was Felis silvestris, a species of wildcat 9 first came into contact with humans around 9,000 years ago. “Historically speaking, cats, unlike dogs, have not been domesticated to obey humans’ orders. Rather, they seem to take the initiative in human-cat interaction.” This is what differs from the history of dogs and humans, where the former 10 (breed) over thousands of years to respond to orders and commands. Cats, it seems, never needed to learn. （三） （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the sentences coherent (意思连贯的). Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. More Chinese consumers prefer to make payments via smart devices as mobile apps have made purchases much easier, but security concerns remain, a PwC report said. Nearly one-third of respondents in China chose mobile payment when shopping in 2015, doubling from 16 percent in 2014, 1 the accounting firm’s global retail survey. The figure appeared much higher than the world’s average of 12 percent. “The popularity comes as a result of rapid growth of mobile payment options and an expanding mobile network,” the report said. Chinese have started to enjoy a wide range of mobile payment options 2 allow faster, securer payment through near field communication and QR code. Moreover, more advances 3 (see) in biometric (计量生物学的) technology, such as the use of fingerprints and facial recognition. “ 4 competition becomes fierce, mobile payment players are trying to attract users through the continuous development of technology and business models,” said Yuqing Guo, PwC China’s financial service consulting partner, adding that the technology is changing the way 5 consumers assess and purchase products. But security problems are rising. Data security was still seen as a huge problem, with leak of user information, payment fraud (诈骗) and virus attacks appearing as the three biggest challenges for the rapidly growing field. The PwC report said over 60 percent of respondents were worried that their personal information was not safe. Chinese government has introduced a series of policies 6 (strengthen) strict supervision (监督). In the meantime, people should avoid 7 (scan) QR codes from unknown sources and raise awareness of fraudulence. “The field still has vast space for growth 8 technological advances and the rise of the tech-savvy (懂技术的) younger generation,” the report said. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $