Unit 2 Let’s talk teens 单元单词及语法专讲 导学案-2026-2027年高中英语(译林版)必修第一册

参考答案 一、核心单词 1.roof 📝即时小练习 ①答案：roofs 解析：考查名词复数。句意：暴雨中好几座老房子的屋顶受损。several修饰可数名词复数，roof表“屋顶”为可数名词，复数直接加s。故填roofs。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：No matter how heavy the storm outside is,home is always the warmest roof under which we can find shelter. 2.battle 📝即时小练习 ①答案：with/against 解析：考查介词。句意：许多青少年正与家庭关系紧张带来的复杂情绪作斗争。固定搭配battle with/against与……作斗争。故填with/against。 ②答案：Battling 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：与这样的压力抗争，青少年急需父母的理解。teens与battle为主动关系，现在分词短语作原因状语。故填Battling。 ③答案：battles 解析：考查名词复数。句意：父母与子女之间的争执常源于误解。谓语result为原形，主语用复数，battle表“争执”为可数名词。故填battles。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He didn’t give in to fate;instead,he bravely battled against his illness. 3.argument 📝即时小练习 ①答案：with 解析：考查介词。句意：他因屏幕时间规则与父母争吵。固定搭配have an argument with sb(about/over sth)与某人争吵。故填with。 ②答案：Arguing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过多地与家人的争吵会损害心理健康。动名词短语作主语，表示一件具体的事情。故填Arguing。 ③答案：argued 解析：考查动词时态。句意：昨晚他们为家规吵了好几个小时。由时间状语last night可知用一般过去时。故填argued。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：After the heated argument,she finally voiced the need her heart truly longed for. 4.teenager 📝即时小练习 ①答案：teenagers’ 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：许多青少年的感受被父母忽视。many修饰复数teenagers，与feelings为所属关 系，用名词所有格。故填teenagers’。 ②答案：teenagers’ 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：有些青少年的坏情绪与身体发育有关。some teenagers’bad moods表“一些青少年的坏情绪”。故填teenagers’。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：As a teenager,I am eager to be treated as an equal adult. 5.tension 📝即时小练习 ①答案：easing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：真诚的交流在缓解家庭紧张关系方面起关键作用。固定搭配play a role in doing，in为介词后接动名词。故填easing。 ②答案：tense 解析：考查形容词。句意：争吵后家里的氛围变得紧张。became为系动词，后接形容词作表语，tension的形容词为tense。故填tense。 ③答案：tensions 解析：考查名词复数。句意：各种家庭矛盾可通过耐心的交谈来化解。various修饰可数名词复数。故填tensions。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：A sincere apology helped to ease the tension that had hung in the family for days. 6.anxious 📝即时小练习 ①答案：about 解析：考查介词。句意：一些青少年对身体变化感到焦虑。固定搭配be anxious about为……担忧。故填about。 ②答案：to gain 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：许多青少年渴望得到家人更多的理解。固定搭配be anxious to do渴望做某事。故填to gain。 ③答案：anxiety 解析：考查名词。句意：许多青少年的焦虑源于家庭误解。much修饰不可数名词，anxious的名词形式为anxiety。故填anxiety。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：With the exam approaching,she felt anxious about whether she could do it well. 7.spot 📝即时小练习 ①答案：on 解析：考查介词。句意：争吵爆发时母亲就在现场。固定搭配on the spot在现场、当场。故填on。 ②答案：To spot 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了及时发现青少年的坏情绪，父母应观察其日常行为。动词不定式作目的状语。故填To spot。 ③答案：crying 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：回家时他发现小儿子因饥饿在哭泣。固定搭配spot sb doing发现某人正做某事。故填crying。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The teacher spotted the unease on his face and,on the spot,gave him encouragement with a warm smile. 8.target 📝即时小练习 ①答案：of 解析：考查介词。句意：争吵中，父母可能成为子女怒火的对象。固定搭配the target of……的对象。故填of。 ②答案：targeted 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：针对青少年的言论应饱含关爱与耐心。固定搭配be targeted at针对；target与remarks为被动，用过去分词作后置定语。故填targeted。 ③答案：targets 解析：考查名词复数。句意：发脾气时，我们爱的人会变成我们的发泄对象。turn into后接复数名词，与前文loved ones一致。故填targets。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：She told herself that those she loved most should never become the target of her emotions. 9.desire 📝即时小练习 ①答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：青少年强烈渴望家人更多的尊重。固定搭配a desire for对……的渴望。故填for。 ②答案：to be treated 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：多数青少年渴望被当作家庭中的平等成员。desire to do渴望做；teens与treat为被动，用不定式被动to be done。故填to be treated。 ③答案：desirable 解析：考查形容词。句意：父母倾听孩子真实的想法是值得提倡的。固定句型It is+adj.+for sb to do，用desire的形容词desirable。故填desirable。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Every child has a strong desire to be treated as an equal member of the family. 10.struggle 📝即时小练习 ①答案：with 解析：考查介词。句意：许多青少年与爱与怒的复杂情绪作斗争。固定搭配struggle with与……作斗争、艰难应对。故填with。 ②答案：to keep 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：许多青少年努力控制自己的脾气。固定搭配struggle to do艰难地做某事。故填to keep。 ③答案：Struggling 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因受家庭压力之苦，许多青少年选择沉默而非交流。teens与struggle为主动，现在分词短语作原因状语。故填Struggling。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：To avoid disappointing his parents,he struggled through every hardship,yet never thought of giving up. 11.rough 📝即时小练习 ①答案：Roughly 解析：考查副词。句意：粗略来说，几乎每个孩子都会面临亲子冲突。副词修饰speaking，固定表达roughly speaking。故填Roughly。 ②答案：a 解析：考查冠词。句意：青春期对多数家庭而言可能是一段艰难时期。period为可数名词单数，泛指“一段”用不定冠词a。故填a。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：It was a rough patch,but thankfully his family always stayed by his side. 12.calm 📝即时小练习 ①答案：down 解析：考查副词。句意：深呼吸几次，在严肃对话前先冷静下来。固定搭配calm down冷静下来。故填down。 ②答案：calming 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在冷静下来之前，避免激烈的争吵。before为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填calming。 ③答案：calmly 解析：考查副词。句意：他沉着地处理了这场家庭争吵，没有大喊大叫。副词修饰动词dealt with。故填calmly。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：She took a deep breath and tried hard to calm herself down before she spoke. 13.view 📝即时小练习 ①答案：as 解析：考查介词。句意：有些父母把爱好视为浪费学习时间。固定搭配view…as把……视为。故填as。 ②答案：views 解析：考查名词复数。句意：不同的人对青少年教育持有不同看法。different修饰可数名词复数。故填views。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：If you look at your parents’nagging from another point of view,it is really a sign of love. 14.concern 📝即时小练习 ①答案：about 解析：考查介词。句意：多数父母关心孩子的心理状态。固定搭配be concerned about担心、关心。故填about。 ②答案：am 解析：考查固定句型。句意：就我而言，沟通是家庭和谐的关键。固定表达as far as I am concerned，主语I用am。故填am。 ③答案：concerning 解析：考查介词。句意：我们就亲子关系进行了激烈的讨论。concerning作介词，意为“关于”，作discussion的后置定语。故填concerning。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：As far as I am concerned,communication is the key to resolving family conflicts. 15.stress 📝即时小练习 ①答案：stressed 解析：考查形容词。句意：许多青少年因家中的复杂情绪而压力重重。修饰人用-ed形容词，stressed感到有压力的。故填stressed。 ②答案：stressful 解析：考查形容词。句意：过多的课后活动使校园生活充满压力。修饰事物用-ing形容词，stressful令人有压力的。故填stressful。 ③答案：stressed 解析：考查动词时态。句意：昨天老师强调了家庭沟通的重要性。由时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时，stress作动词表“强调”。故填stressed。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Overloaded with schoolwork,many teenagers under stress feel exhausted both in body and mind. 16.design 📝即时小练习 ①答案：designed 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这项专为青少年设计的活动旨在缓解家庭紧张。design与activity为被动，过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。 ②答案：to help 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这款应用的设计旨在帮助青少年管理情绪。固定搭配be designed to do被设计来做某事。故填to help。 ③答案：designers 解析：考查名词复数。句意：几位知名设计师参与了这个青少年项目。several修饰可数名词复数，指人用designers。故填designers。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：This activity is specially designed to help teenagers relieve the worries of growing up. 17.likely 📝即时小练习 ①答案：unlikely 解析：考查词义转换。句意：没有恰当的沟通，争吵不太可能就此了结。由without proper communication可知语义为否定，加否定前缀un-。故填unlikely。 ②答案：to feel 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：被误解时，青少年更可能感到心烦。固定搭配be likely to do很可能做某事。故填to feel。 ③答案：It 解析：考查形式主语。句意：谈过之后双方很可能达成协议。固定句型It is likely that…，it作形式主语。故填It。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：A frank talk is likely to make both sides make up again. 18.eager 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to gain 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：多数青少年渴望得到家人更多的尊重。固定搭配be eager to do渴望做某事。故填to gain。 ②答案：eagerly 解析：考查副词。句意：他热切盼望着表达想法的机会。副词修饰动词短语look forward to。故填eagerly。 ③答案：eagerness 解析：考查名词。句意：他对个人空间的渴望常引起误解。his后接名词，eager的名词形式为eagerness。故填eagerness。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Eager to prove to his parents that he had grown up,he spoke up bravely. 19.flexible 📝即时小练习 ①答案：flexibly 解析：考查副词。句意：父母应灵活地处理不同情况。副词修饰动词treat。故填flexibly。 ②答案：flexibility 解析：考查名词。句意：家规上的一点灵活性能减少家庭争吵。a little修饰不可数名词，flexible的名词为flexibility。故填flexibility。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：If parents adjust the house rules more flexibly,children will be more willing to cooperate. 20.account 📝即时小练习 ①答案：into 解析：考查介词。句意：制定家规时请把孩子的感受考虑在内。固定搭配take…into account把……考虑在内。故填into。 ②答案：accounts 解析：考查名词复数。句意：她向听众讲述了家中所发生事情的不同版本。different修饰可数名词复数，account表“描述”为可数名词。故填accounts。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：On no account should we deny a child’s whole effort for a single mistake. 21.grocery 📝即时小练习 ①答案：groceries 解析：考查名词复数。句意：下班途中他买了一些日常食品杂货。grocery表“食品杂货”常用复数groceries， some修饰之。故填groceries。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Every week he buys a week’s groceries for his parents. 22.secure 📝即时小练习 ①答案：security 解析：考查名词。句意：孩子的情感安全感很大程度上取决于家庭的尊重。emotional修饰名词，secure的名词为security。故填security。 ②答案：to secure 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：父母正尽力为孩子营造温馨的家庭环境。固定搭配try one’s best to do尽力做某事。故填to secure。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Only with their parents’unconditional love can children feel truly secure and settled. 23.graduate 📝即时小练习 ①答案：graduating/graduation 解析：考查非谓语/名词。句意：高中毕业后，青少年渴望更多独立。after为介词，后接动名词graduating或名词graduation。故填graduating/graduation。 ②答案：graduates 解析：考查名词复数。句意：许多高中毕业生正在思考自己的未来。many修饰可数名词复数，指人用graduates。故填graduates。 ③答案：graduation 解析：考查名词。句意：我们为即将到来的毕业典礼准备了礼物。graduation ceremony固定搭配“毕业典礼”。故填graduation。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Three years later,he will graduate from this high school and step into a wider world. 24.emergency 📝即时小练习 ①答案：emergencies 解析：考查名词复数。句意：我们留了些钱以备突发情况。形容词unexpected修饰可数名词，表泛指用复数。故填emergencies。 ②答案：Emergency 解析：考查名词作定语。句意：每个家庭都应有急救医疗服务。名词emergency作定语修饰medical service（急救服务），位于句首首字母大写。故填Emergency。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：In an emergency,please stay calm and turn to others for help in time. 25.volunteer 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to take 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一些青少年自愿参加社区活动。固定搭配volunteer to do自愿做某事。故填to take。 ②答案：voluntary 解析：考查形容词。句意：一些志愿工作有助于青少年提高沟通技巧。修饰名词work用形容词voluntary。故填voluntary。 ③答案：volunteered 解析：考查动词时态。句意：昨天他自愿在班会上分享想法。由时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时。故填volunteered。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He volunteered to keep the elderly living alone company in the community at weekends. 26.operation 📝即时小练习 ①答案：operated 解析：考查动词时态。句意：上周医生们为这位小病人做了将近三个小时的手术。固定搭配operate on给某人做手术，由last week用一般过去时。故填operated。 ②答案：operation 解析：考查名词。句意：整个手术最终进行得很顺利。the whole修饰名词，operate的名词为operation。故填operation。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：After an emergency operation was performed,the injured man was out of danger. 27.teller 📝即时小练习 ①答案：tellers 解析：考查名词复数。句意：几名银行出纳员每天准备着为客户服务。several修饰可数名词复数。故填tellers。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The patient bank teller helped the old man fill in every form. 28.respond 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：你应用真诚回应父母的担忧。固定搭配respond to回应。故填to。 ②答案：response 解析：考查名词。句意：他对家人的批评没有作出任何回应。固定搭配make no response to，no修饰名词，respond的名词为response。故填response。 ③答案：responded 解析：考查动词时态。句意：昨晚她平静地回应了那场争吵。由时间状语last night可知用一般过去时。故填responded。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Faced with her child’s rudeness,she chose to respond with patience rather than shout. 二、核心短语 1.see eye to eye with sb(on sth) 📝即时小练习 ①答案：with 解析：考查介词。句意：谈到屏幕时间，我与父母无法达成一致。固定搭配see eye to eye with sb与某人看法一致。故填with。 ②答案：on 解析：考查介词。句意：在校外爱好这个话题上，我们很少达成共识。固定搭配see eye to eye on sth在某事上一致。故填on。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He does not see eye to eye with his parents on the choice of an ideal career. 2.shoot up 📝即时小练习 ①答案：have shot up 解析：考查时态。句意：进入初中以来，许多男孩猛长个子。由since引导的时间状语从句可知用现在完成时， shoot up为固定短语。故填have shot up。 ②答案：up 解析：考查副词。句意：当自己比同学长得快得多时，一些青少年会感到担忧。固定搭配shoot up快速长高、猛增。故填up。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He seemed to have shot up half a head overnight,and his trouser legs had turned short. 3.point of view 📝即时小练习 ①答案：of 解析：考查名词短语。句意：试着从他们的观点看待冲突。固定搭配point of view观点、看法。故填of。 ②答案：From 解析：考查介词短语。句意：依我之见，坦诚的交流是最好的解决办法。固定搭配from one’s point of view，位于句首首字母大写。故填From。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：If you look at your parents’ nagging from another point of view,it is really a sign of love. 4.think sth through 📝即时小练习 ①答案：it 解析：考查代词。句意：在向家人表达怒气前，请先彻底想清楚。固定搭配think it through，代词置于think与through之间。故填it。 ②答案：through 解析：考查副词。句意：在做重要决定前，你应当把每件事都想透彻。固定搭配think sth through全盘思考。故填through。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Think about the consequences before you act on impulse;it will save you a lot of trouble. 5.back down 📝即时小练习 ①答案：down 解析：考查副词。句意：即使在巨大的家庭压力下，他仍拒绝让步。固定搭配back down退让、让步。故填down。 ②答案：down 解析：考查副词。句意：让步并不意味着放弃你合理的观点。固定搭配back down。故填down。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：For the sake of his family,he finally chose to back down. 6.go through 📝即时小练习 ①答案：through 解析：考查介词。句意：大多数青少年在青春期都会经历复杂的情绪。固定搭配go through经历、经受。故填through。 ②答案：has gone 解析：考查时态。句意：在过去几年里，他与父母经历了许多误解。由over the past years可知用现在完成时，go through为固定短语。故填has gone。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：She was with me when I went through the hardest times. 7.turn out 📝即时小练习 ①答案：out 解析：考查副词。句意：即使你现在正受苦，通过耐心的沟通一切最终都会好起来。固定搭配turn out结果是、证明是。故填out。 ②答案：It 解析：考查形式主语。句意：结果证明，大多数家庭冲突源于缺乏沟通。固定句型It turned out that…，it作形式主语。故填It。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The misunderstanding eventually turned out to be a rare chance for reconciliation. 8.draw sth out of sth 📝即时小练习 ①答案：out 解析：考查副词。句意：他从银行账户里取了些现金作日常开销。固定搭配draw sth out of sth从……取出。故填out。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The teacher’s patient guidance drew out the grievance she had kept buried inside. 9.be on one’s back about sth 📝即时小练习 ①答案：on;about 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：她的父母总是对她糟糕的生活习惯喋喋不休。固定搭配be on one’s back about sth对某人不停唠叨某事。故填on;about。 ②答案：on;about 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：不要为小错误对他唠叨不休，多给他一些耐心。固定搭配be on one’s back about sth。故填on;about。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：His mother was always on him about all sorts of things,which was really a kind of love she could not let go of. 10.cheer up 📝即时小练习 ①答案：up 解析：考查副词。句意：当你心烦时，听轻音乐也许能让你振作起来。固定搭配cheer sb up使某人振作起来。故填up。 ②答案：Cheering 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：让家人振作起来是改善家庭氛围的好方法。动名词短语作主语。故填Cheering。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：A few words from her friend cheered the depressed girl right up. 三、语法专讲 一、简单句 📝即时小练习 判断句型，把代号填在括号里：A主谓/B主谓宾/C主系表/D主谓双宾/E主谓宾宾补 ①答案：C 解析：句意：坐在长椅上看着孩子们在公园里玩耍的那位老人看起来非常祥和。谓语looks为系动词，extremely peaceful为表语；standing、watching均为非谓语，不增加主谓套数。故填C。 ②答案：B 解析：句意：政府宣布了一项旨在减少全国主要城市碳排放的新政策。has announced为及物动词，a new policy为宾语；aimed at…为过去分词短语作后置定语，是非谓语。故填B。 ③答案：C 解析：句意：这种产自福建山区的中国传统茶喝起来格外醇厚清香。tastes为系动词（尝起来），remarkably smooth and fragrant为表语。故填C。 ④答案：D 解析：句意：经验丰富的向导带外国游客参观了一座隐藏在竹林深处的古老寺庙。showed带双宾语：the foreign tourists为间宾，a fascinating ancient temple为直宾。故填D。 ⑤答案：E 解析：句意：学校附近工地持续不断的噪音使学生们下午上课时心神不宁。keeps为谓语，the students为宾语，distracted为宾补（补充说明students的状态）。故填E。 ⑥答案：B 解析：句意：这位训练了十余年的年轻运动员最终在全国比赛中夺得金牌。won为及物动词，the gold medal为宾语；having trained为非谓语。故填B。 二、并列句 📝即时小练习 ①答案：so 解析：前后为因果关系，前因后果（古镇保存了传统建筑，因此逐渐成为文化旅游胜地），用表因果的并列连词so。 ②答案：but 解析：前后形成对比转折（许多年轻人偏好电子书，而仍有人坚信纸质书的魅力），用表转折的并列连词but。 ③答案：or 解析：给出两种可选方式（可以坐高铁，也可以选坐飞机），用表选择的并列连词or。 ④答案：so 解析：前后为因果关系（老图书馆因翻新关闭，于是社区决定设立临时阅览室），用so。 ⑤答案：for 解析：后一分句补充说明前一分句的理由（她花一下午整理书籍，因为她希望每个孩子都能读到有趣的书）。for为并列连词，表补充说明的理由。故填for。 ⑥答案：but 解析：前后为转折关系（队伍备战近一年，却因意外失误未能进入决赛），用but。 ⑦答案：but 解析：not only…but(also)…为关联并列结构，意为“不但……而且……”，与前面的not only呼应。故填but。 ⑧答案：but 解析：前后为转折关系（长途旅行后他很疲惫，却仍继续帮村民搬运物资），用but。 三、主从复合句 📝即时小练习（填入恰当的引导词） ①答案：What 解析：主语从句，从句缺主语，指“令研究人员最吃惊的事”，用what并在从句中充当主语。故填What。 ②答案：whether 解析：宾语从句，与后面的or postponed呼应“是否立即执行还是推迟”，whether…or…结构。故填whether。 ③答案：whether 解析：表语从句，意为“我们是否有足够的志愿者”，表“是否”用whether。故填whether。 ④答案：What 解析：主语从句，从句中shows缺宾语，指“这张旧地图实际显示的东西”，用what。故填What。 ⑤答案：whether 解析：介词on后接宾语从句表“是否”，介词之后只能用whether，不能用if。故填whether。 ⑥答案：whose 解析：定语从句，先行词the young scientist，从句research on clean energy前需用whose表所属关系。故填whose。 ⑦答案：when 解析：定语从句，先行词the afternoon，从句we visited the old factory…主宾齐全、只缺时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 ⑧答案：where 解析：定语从句，先行词the classroom，从句had their first Chinese lesson不缺主宾、只缺地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 ⑨答案：whose 解析：定语从句，先行词the craftsman，从句traditional skills前用whose表所属（他的传统技艺）。故填whose。 ⑩答案：whom 解析：定语从句，介词to提前，指人只能用whom（不用that/who）。故填whom。 ⑪答案：Although/Though 解析：让步状语从句，“尽管数字时代改变了人们的阅读习惯，许多学生仍喜欢借纸质书”，用Although或Though。故填Although/Though。 ⑫答案：unless 解析：条件状语从句，“除非更多年轻人对传统文化感兴趣，否则我们无法保护这些古建筑”，用unless（=if…not，除非）。故填unless。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2 Let’s talk teens单元单词及语法专讲 一、核心单词 1.roof n.屋顶，顶部 ✅教材原句：Rain drops fell on the roof.雨点落在屋顶上。 🔧固定搭配： ▸under one’s roof在某人家里 例句：We lived under the same roof for many years.我们同在一个屋檐下生活了很多年。 ▸under the roof of…在……的庇护之下 例句：They grew up under the roof of a warm family.他们在一个温暖家庭的庇护下长大。 📝即时小练习 ①Several old________________(roof)of the houses were damaged in the heavy rain. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Under one roof,three generations of my family share both joys and worries.三代人同住一个屋檐下，共享喜怒哀乐。（roof引申为“家、屋檐之下”） 🔹熟词生义：roof除“屋顶”外，常以under one’s roof表“在某人家里”，阅读中需灵活处理。 ✍写作积累｜应用文/演讲稿 ✨高分句型：A harmonious family is like a sturdy roof that shelters us from life’s storms.和谐的家像一座结实的屋顶，为我们遮风挡雨。 ✨仿写练习：无论外面的风雨多大，家始终是我们最温暖的屋檐。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：under the same roof同住屋檐下——用于描写家人朝夕相处 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：For years they had lived under the same roof,yet hardly spoke a word.多年来他们同处一个屋檐下，却几乎不说话。 2.battle n.争论；战斗，搏斗vt.&vi.斗争 ✅教材原句：Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle?难道每次和父母吃晚饭都会演变成一场争吵吗？ 🔧固定搭配：battle with/against与……作斗争 例句：Many teenagers battle with their mixed feelings.许多青少年与自己复杂的情绪作斗争。 📌词性转换： ▸battler n.奋斗者 例句：He is a real battler against family‑relationship troubles.他是一位真正与家庭关系难题作斗争的奋斗者。 📝即时小练习 ①Many teenagers are battling________________mixed feelings caused by family tensions. ②________________(battle)against such pressures,teens are in great need of parents’ understanding. ③The________________(battle)between parents and teens often result from misunderstanding. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：She is quietly battling with her own fears every single day.她每天都在默默与自己的恐惧作斗争。（battle with与……作斗争） 🔹熟词生义：battle不只指“战斗”，高考常考“（与情绪、困难、疾病）的长期抗争”，如battle with depression。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/成长类 ✨高分搭配：battle against/with与……抗争。 例句：Every teenager is fighting an unseen battle,so please be kind.每个青少年都在打一场看不见的仗，所以请善良待人。 ✨仿写练习：他没有向命运低头，而是勇敢地与疾病作斗争。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a hard battle一场艰难的抗争——用于描写人物内心挣扎 例句（读后续写逆境成长主题高频表达）：It was a hard battle,but she finally won the fight against her own doubts.那是一场艰难的抗争，但她最终战胜了对自我的怀疑。 3.argument n.争吵，争论；论点 ✅教材原句：Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.激烈的争吵和冰冷的沉默在青少年和父母之间很常见。 🔧固定搭配：have an argument with sb(about/over sth)就某事与某人争吵 例句：They had an argument about screen‑time rules.他们就电子设备使用规定发生了争吵。 📌词性转换： ▸argue vi.&vt.争论；争辩 例句：Don’t argue with your parents over small things.不要为小事和你的父母争辩。 ▸arguable adj.可争辩的；有商榷余地的 例句：Whether this rule works well is arguable.这条规则是否行之有效还有商榷余地。 📝即时小练习 ①He had an argument________________his parents over screen‑time rules. ②________________(argue)too much with family members does harm to mental health. ③They________________(argue)about house rules for hours last night. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Their heated argument over the curfew left the whole family in an icy silence.他们就门禁问题发生的激烈争吵让全家人陷入冰冷的沉默。 🔹熟词生义：argument除“争吵”外还常表“论点、论据”，如support an argument with examples。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/建议信 ✨高分句型：Behind every heated argument often lies an unspoken need for understanding.每场激烈争吵背后，往往藏着一个不曾说出口的、渴望被理解的需要。 ✨仿写练习：争吵过后，她终于说出了内心真正的需求。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a heated argument一场激烈的争吵——用于制造家庭冲突 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：After a heated argument,she slammed the door and burst into tears.激烈争吵之后，她摔门而出，痛哭失声。 4.teenager n.青少年 ✅教材原句：Teenagers’ physical changes may result in such family tensions.青少年的身体变化可能会导致这类家庭关系紧张。 🔧固定搭配：teenager problems青少年问题 例句：Many teenager problems are connected with physical growth.很多青少年问题和身体发育有关。 📌词性转换： ▸teenage adj.青少年的 例句：Teenage moods are often changeable.青少年的情绪常常多变。 ▸teenaged adj.十几岁的 例句：The teenaged boy is learning to respect others’ opinions.这个十几岁的男孩正在学着尊重别人的观点。 📝即时小练习 ①Many________________(teenager)feelings are ignored by their parents. ②Some________________(teenager)bad moods are connected with body growth. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024新课标Ⅰ卷完形填空）When I was a teenager,a neighborhood friend won a marathon race.我十几岁时，一个邻居朋友赢得了一场马拉松比赛。（teenager青少年） 🔹辨析：teenager指“十几岁的青少年”（人）；teenage为形容词修饰名词，如teenage boys；teenagers复数常作话题主语。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/青年成长 ✨高分句型：As a teenager,I am learning to balance the desire for freedom with the need for guidance.作为一名青少年，我正在学习在渴望自由与需要引导之间找到平衡。 ✨仿写练习：作为一名青少年，我渴望被当作大人平等对待。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a typical teenager一个典型的少年——用于人物形象刻画 例句（读后续写青春成长主题高频表达）：Like many teenagers,he longed to be understood rather than controlled.和许多青少年一样，他渴望被理解而非被控制。 5.tension n.紧张关系；紧张；拉伸 ✅教材原句：Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent‑child tensions create.要记住，应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的。 🔧固定搭配： ▸ease family tensions缓解家庭紧张 例句：Open communication can ease family tensions.坦诚沟通能够缓解家庭紧张关系。 ▸create tensions造成紧张气氛 例句：Different opinions can create tensions at home.不同的观点会在家中造成紧张气氛。 📌词性转换： ▸tense adj.紧张的v.(使)紧张 例句：The atmosphere became tense after the quarrel.争吵过后气氛变得紧张。 ▸tensely adv.紧张地 例句：He waited tensely for his parents’ reply.他紧张地等待父母的答复。 📝即时小练习 ①Sincere communication plays a key role in________________(ease)family tensions. ②The atmosphere at home became________________(tension)after the quarrel. ③Various family________________(tension)can be reduced by patient talk. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：A little honest talk can ease the tension between parents and children.一点坦诚的交流就能缓解亲子之间的紧张关系。 🔹熟词生义：tension除物理“张力”外，高考高频考“紧张关系、紧张气氛”，如ease/relieve the tension。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/议论类 ✨高分搭配：ease/relieve the tension缓解紧张气氛。 例句：Sharing a warm meal helped to ease the tension in the room.共享一顿热饭缓和了屋内的紧张气氛。 ✨仿写练习：一句真诚的道歉，化解了家里多日的紧张气氛。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：break the tension打破紧张——用于化解僵局 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：His silly joke finally broke the tension,and everyone laughed.他滑稽的玩笑终于打破了紧张，众人都笑了。 6.anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的；渴望 ✅教材原句：He is anxious about his skin because it has started to become very oily,with lots of red spots.他为自己 的皮肤感到焦虑，皮肤变得很油，还长了很多红疙瘩。 🔧固定搭配： ▸be anxious about sth为某事担忧 例句：Lots of teenagers feel anxious about their body changes.很多青少年对自身身体变化感到焦虑。 ▸be anxious to do sth渴望做某事 例句：He is anxious to get his parents’ praise.他渴望得到父母的夸奖。 📌词性转换： ▸anxiety n.焦虑；不安 例句：Too much anxiety will influence teenagers’ sleep.过度焦虑会影响青少年的睡眠。 ▸anxiously adv.焦虑地 例句：He anxiously waited for his parents’ reply.他焦虑地等候父母的答复。 📝即时小练习 ①Some teenagers are anxious________________their body changes. ②Many teens are anxious________________(gain)more understanding from their family. ③Much teenage________________(anxious)comes from family misunderstanding. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2025年新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解A篇）Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.从伦敦前往什鲁斯伯里镇中心颇具挑战，但这份向往（焦虑）是值得的。（anxious的同源名词anxiety，n.焦虑、渴望） 🔹用法提示：be anxious about为……担忧；be anxious to do渴望做某事（≈eager to do），两种搭配含义不同，需结合语境判断。 ✍写作积累｜心理成长/建议信 ✨高分句型：It is natural to feel anxious about the unknown,but talking helps more than silence.对未知感到焦虑很正常，但倾诉比沉默更有帮助。 ✨仿写练习：考试临近，她因担心考不好而焦虑不安。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：feel anxious about为……焦虑——用于描写人物心理 例句（读后续写心理成长主题高频表达）：She paced up and down,anxious about what her father would say.她来回踱步，焦虑着父亲会说什么。 7.spot n.粉刺；斑点，污渍vt.看见，发现 ✅教材原句：You might worry about your changing voice,weight problems or spots.你可能会担心自己变声、体重问题或是长粉刺。 🔧固定搭配： ▸on the spot在现场；当场 例句：Journalists were on the spot when the accident happened.事故发生时记者就在现场。 ▸spot sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事 例句：I spotted him arguing with his elder sister.我撞见他正在和姐姐争吵。 📌词性转换： ▸spotty adj.多斑点的；长粉刺的 例句：Some teenagers have spotty skin during adolescence.一些青少年青春期皮肤会长很多粉刺。 📝即时小练习 ①The mother was________________the spot when the quarrel broke out. ②________________(spot)teens’ bad moods in time,parents should observe daily behaviour. ③He spotted his little son________________(cry)because of hunger when he got home. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024年新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to settle,Italy was the clear winner.我喜欢在法国旅行，但说到挑选最心仪的定居之地，意大利是不二之选。（spot n.地点、场所） 🔹熟词生义：spot作动词高频考“发现、看出”（≈notice）；名词考“地点、当场”on the spot，及“斑点、粉刺”。 ✍写作积累｜读后续写/记叙类 ✨高分搭配：spot sb doing sth发现某人正做某事。 例句：His mother spotted him trying to hide his tears and gave him a warm hug.妈妈发现他在强忍泪水，给了他一个温暖的拥抱。 ✨仿写练习：老师当场看出了他脸上的不安，微笑着给予鼓励。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：on the spot当场——用于描写即时反应 例句（读后续写助人为乐主题高频表达）：She was the first one on the spot to help the fallen cyclist.她是第一个赶到现场帮助摔倒骑手的人。 8.target n.目标，对象；靶子vt.把……作为攻击目标 ✅教材原句：When it all gets too much,your parents are often the first targets of your anger.当这一切让人不堪重负时，父母往往成为你发泄怒火的首要对象。 🔧固定搭配： ▸become the target of成为……的对象 例句：When you lose your temper,your family may become the target of your anger.当你发脾气的时候，家人可能会成为你怒火的发泄对象。 ▸target sth at sb把……针对某人 例句：The activity is targeted at teenagers.这项活动面向青少年开展。 📌词性转换： ▸targeted adj.针对性的 例句：We need targeted advice for teenage mental health.我们需要针对青少年心理健康的建议。 📝即时小练习 ①In quarrels,parents may become the target________________teenagers’ anger. ②Remarks________________(target)at teenagers should be full of care and patience. ③When losing temper,our loved ones can turn into our________________(target). 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：When upset,teenagers often make their closest family the target of their anger.心烦时，青少年常把最亲的家人当作发泄怒火的对象。 🔹熟词生义：target除“目标、靶子”外，常考“被攻击/被针对的对象”；be targeted at针对、面向……。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/心理成长 ✨高分句型：Those we love should never become the target of our bad moods.我们爱的人，绝不该成为我们坏情绪的发泄对象。 ✨仿写练习：她告诫自己，绝不要把最亲的人当作情绪的发泄对象。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：become the target of成为……的对象——用于冲突描写 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：In his anger,his mother became his target,yet she only loved him harder.盛怒中母亲成了他发泄的对象，而她的爱却更深了。 9.desire n.渴望，欲望vt.&vi.渴望，期望 ✅教材原句：You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. 你既渴望独立，同时又持续需要父母的关爱与支持。 🔧固定搭配： ▸a desire for sth对……的渴望 例句：Most teenagers have a strong desire for more personal space.大多数青少年渴望更多私人空间。 ▸desire to do sth渴望做某事 例句：She desires to be treated as an adult.她渴望被当作成年人看待。 📌词性转换： ▸desirable adj.可取的；值得拥有的 例句：It is desirable for parents to listen to kids’ real thoughts.父母倾听孩子真实的想法是值得提倡的。 📝即时小练习 ①Teenagers have a strong desire________________more respect from family. ②Most teens desire________________(treat)as equal members of the family. ③It is________________(desire)for parents to listen to kids’ real thoughts. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021年浙江卷）He showed us that even a single desire,never given up on,can make for a remarkable life.他让我们明白，哪怕只是一个渴望，只要永不放弃，也能成就非凡人生。（desire n.渴望、愿望） 🔹搭配拓展：a desire for sth对……的渴望；desire to do sth渴望做某事；desirable adj.可取的、值得拥有的。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/青年成长 ✨高分句型：Every teenager has a deep desire to be trusted and taken seriously.每个青少年内心深处都渴望被信任、被认真对待。 ✨仿写练习：每个孩子都有被当作平等成员对待的渴望。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a burning desire to do渴望做……——用于刻画人物动机 例句（读后续写志向成长主题高频表达）：He had a burning desire to prove himself,which pushed him forward.他内心有一种证明自己的强烈渴望，驱使他不断向前。 10.struggle vi.&n.奋斗；斗争；挣扎 ✅教材原句：Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent‑child tensions create. 要记住，应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的。 🔧固定搭配： ▸struggle with sth与……作斗争；艰难应对 例句：Many teenagers struggle with mixed feelings during adolescence.很多青少年纠结于复杂的情绪。 ▸struggle to do sth奋力/艰难地做某事 例句：Many teens struggle to keep calm during family disagreements.很多青少年在家庭分歧中很难保持冷静。 📌词性转换： ▸struggling adj.苦苦挣扎的；努力的 例句：We should give support to those struggling teenagers.我们应当给予那些苦苦挣扎的青少年支持。 📝即时小练习 ①Lots of teenagers struggle________________mixed feelings of love and anger. ②Many teens struggle________________(keep)their temper under control. ③________________(struggle)with family pressure,many teens choose silence instead of communication. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024年新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）During my first visit to Italy,I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.初次到访意大利时，我艰难地开口问路或在餐厅点餐。（struggle to do艰难地做某事） 🔹搭配拓展：struggle with艰难应对；struggle to do奋力做某事；struggle for为……而奋斗。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/成长类 ✨高分句型：Everyone struggles behind a calm face;being open is the first step to relief.平静的外表下人人都在挣扎，敞开心扉是解脱的第一步。 ✨仿写练习：为了不让父母失望，他苦苦支撑，却从不言弃。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：struggle through艰难熬过——用于描写人物困境 例句（读后续写逆境成长主题高频表达）：She struggled through the tears,determined not to give up.她含泪苦撑，决心绝不放弃。 11.rough adj.艰难的；粗糙的；粗暴的 ✅教材原句：Sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.有时候他们会忘记，成长是一段艰难的历程。 🔧固定搭配： ▸a rough ride一段艰难历程 例句：Adolescence can be a rough ride for both kids and parents.青春期对于孩子和父母都可能是一段艰难时期。▸be rough on sb对某人苛刻 例句：Don’t be so rough on yourself when you make mistakes.犯错的时候不要对自己太过苛刻。 📌词性转换： ▸roughly adv.大约，粗略地 例句：Roughly half of the students have similar worries.大约一半的学生有着类似的烦恼。 ▸roughness n.粗糙；艰难 例句：He got used to the roughness of teenage life.他习惯了青少年生活的种种坎坷。 📝即时小练习 ①________________(rough)speaking,nearly every teen will face parent‑child conflicts. ②Adolescence can be________________rough period for most families. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Growing up can be a rough ride,but no teenager has to face it alone.成长可能是段艰难的旅程，但青少年不必独自面对。 🔹熟词生义：rough除“粗糙”外，高频考“艰难的、粗暴的”；be rough on sb对某人苛刻/使某人已受苦。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/议论类 ✨高分搭配：a rough patch一段艰难时期。 例句：Every family goes through a rough patch before finding its rhythm again.每个家庭都会经历一段艰难期，才能重新找到相处节奏。 ✨仿写练习：那是一段艰难的日子，好在家人始终陪在身边。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a rough time一段艰难时光——用于设置困境 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：It had been a rough time for the family,but their love never faded.那曾是一段艰难的日子，可他们的爱从未褪色。 12.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的vt.&vi.(使)平静，镇静 ✅教材原句：When you disagree with your parents,take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.当你和父母意见不合时，花一点时间冷静下来，试着站在他们的角度理解情况。 🔧固定搭配： ▸calm down(sb)（使）冷静下来 例句：You need to calm down before you talk.谈话之前你需要冷静下来。 ▸keep/stay calm保持冷静 例句：You should keep calm whenever conflicts appear.每当冲突出现，你应当保持冷静。 📌词性转换： ▸calmly adv.冷静地 例句：He calmly explained his ideas to his parents.他冷静地向父母解释了自己的想法。 ▸calmness n.冷静；镇静 例句：His calmness helped him deal with the quarrel well.他的冷静帮助他妥善处理了这场争吵。 📝即时小练习 ①Take several deep breaths and calm________________before serious conversation. ②Before________________(calm)down,avoid serious arguments. ③He dealt with the family quarrel________________(calm)without shouting. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Before you argue,take a deep breath and try to stay calm.争吵之前，先深呼吸，努力保持冷静。 🔹搭配拓展：calm down（使）冷静；keep/stay calm保持冷静；calm sb down安抚某人。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/心理成长 ✨高分句型：A calm word can end a quarrel that ten angry ones would only fuel.一句冷静的话能结束一场争吵，而十句愤怒只会火上浇油。 ✨仿写练习：她深吸一口气，努力让自己冷静下来再开口。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：stay calm保持冷静——用于危机应对 例句（读后续写临危不乱主题高频表达）：Though her heart raced,she stayed calm and found a way out.尽管心砰砰直跳，她仍保持冷静，找到了出路。 13.view n.看法；视野；景色vt.看待，把……视为 ✅教材原句：…try to understand the situation from their point of view.试着站在他们的角度理解情况。 🔧固定搭配： ▸view…as…把……看作 例句：Some parents view hobbies as a waste of study time.有些家长把爱好看作浪费学习时间。 ▸in one’s view在某人看来 例句：In my view,honesty is very important.在我看来，诚实十分重要。 📌词性转换： ▸viewer n.观察者；观众 例句：The video draws millions of viewers.这个视频吸引了数百万观众。 📝即时小练习 ①Some parents view hobbies________________a waste of study time. ②Different people hold different________________(view)on teenage education. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021年全国甲卷）I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.我发觉自己已身处高处，眺望着斯基多山无比清晰的景色，夕阳西下。（view n.景色、视野） 🔹真题切片：（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.这项研究推翻了那种认为所有人类语音早在三十万年前人类进化时就已存在的流行观点。（view n.看法、观点） 🔹熟词生义：view作名词考“看法、视野、景色”，作动词view…as…把……视为；point of view观点、角度。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/建议信 ✨高分句型：If you look at it from their view,their strictness is really another form of love.若从他们的角度看，那份严格其实是爱的另一种表达。 ✨仿写练习：换个角度看待父母的唠叨，那其实是关心的体现。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：point of view视角——用于心理换位 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：Seen from his mother’s point of view,his silence was just growing pains.从母亲的角度看，他的沉默不过是成长的阵痛。 14.concern n.担心，关切vt.使担忧；涉及 ✅教材原句：…listen carefully,and address their concerns.认真倾听，并且设法消除他们的顾虑。 🔧固定搭配： ▸be concerned about担忧，关心 例句：Parents are concerned about teenagers’ mental health.父母担忧青少年的心理健康。 ▸as far as sb be concerned就某人而言 例句：As far as I am concerned,communication matters most.就我而言，沟通最为重要。 📌词性转换： ▸concerned adj.担忧的；有关的 例句：Concerned parents often pay close attention to kids’ moods.心怀担忧的父母常常密切关注孩子的情绪。 ▸concerning prep.关于 例句：We had a discussion concerning teenage mental health.我们开展了一场关于青少年心理健康的讨论。 📝即时小练习 ①Most parents are concerned________________their children’s mental state. ②As far as I________________(be)concerned,communication is the key to family harmony. ③We had a heated discussion________________(concern)parent‑teen relationships. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空）Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns.汤显祖所写的一些东西，也是莎士比亚所关心的问题。（concerns n.关心的事） 🔹搭配拓展：be concerned about担忧、关心；as far as sb be concerned就某人而言；concerning prep.关于。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/心理成长 ✨高分句型：Behind parents’ constant questions often hides a deep concern for their children.父母反复的询问背后，往往藏着对孩子深深的关切。 ✨仿写练习：就我而言，沟通是化解家庭矛盾的关键。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：address one’s concerns回应某人的关切——用于化解矛盾 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：He sat down and quietly listened to address his mother’s concerns.他坐下来，安静地倾听，去回应母亲的关切。 15.stress n.精神压力，心理负担vt.强调，着重 ✅教材原句：Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent‑child tensions create. 要记住，应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的。 🔧固定搭配： ▸under stress在压力之下 例句：Many teenagers perform badly under stress from family expectations.很多青少年在家庭期待的压力之下表现不佳。 ▸put stress on sth重视；强调某事 例句：Some parents put too much stress on their children’s grades.有些父母过分看重孩子的分数。 ▸stress sth强调某事 例句：Experts stress the value of communication between parents and teens.专家强调亲子之间沟通的重要性。 📌词性转换： ▸stressful adj.充满压力的（修饰事物） 例句：The period of adolescence can be very stressful.青春期这段时期可能压力重重。 ▸stressed adj.感到有压力的（修饰人） 例句：He felt stressed after frequent family quarrels.频繁的家庭争吵之后，他感到压力很大。 📝即时小练习 ①Many teenagers are________________(stress)because of mixed feelings at home. ②Too many after‑school activities make school life________________(stress). ③The teacher________________(stress)the importance of family communication yesterday. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇）Spending time in nature is known to reduce stress levels and improve mood.人们知道，亲近自然有助于降低压力水平、改善情绪。（stress n.压力） 🔹易混辨析：stressed感到有压力的（修饰人）；stressful充满压力的（修饰事物）。under stress处于压力之下；put stress on强调、看重。 ✍写作积累｜心理成长/建议信 ✨高分句型：Learning to manage stress is as important as learning to gain knowledge.学会管理压力与学会获取知识同样重要。 ✨仿写练习：过重的学业压力让许多青少年感到身心俱疲。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：under stress在压力之下——用于描写人物状态 例句（读后续写心理成长主题高频表达）：Under great stress,she almost gave up until a kind word lifted her.在巨大压力下她几乎要放弃，直到一句温暖的话托起了她。 16.design vt.&vi.设计；计划n.设计；构思 ✅教材原句：It is designed to help teenagers deal with growing pains.它旨在帮助青少年应对成长的烦恼。 🔧固定搭配： ▸be designed to do sth旨在/目的是做某事 例句：This activity is designed to improve parent‑teen communication.这项活动旨在改善亲子沟通。 ▸be designed for sb/sth为……而设计 例句：These books are designed for teenagers who meet family conflicts.这些书是为遭遇家庭矛盾的青少年设计 的。 📌词性转换： ▸designer n.设计师 例句：She wants to become a designer when she grows up.她长大之后想成为一名设计师。 📝即时小练习 ①The activity________________(design)for teenagers aims to reduce family tensions.（过去分词作后置定语） ②This app is designed________________(help)teens manage their moods. ③Several famous________________(design)took part in the youth project. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空）The design features ten steel“sepals”made of glass and aluminium.这个设计的特点是由玻璃和铝制成的十片“萼片”。（design n.设计） 🔹用法提示：be designed to do旨在、目的是；be designed for为……而设计；过去分词designed可作后置定语，如the program designed for teens。 ✍写作积累｜应用文/建议信 ✨高分句型：This program is specially designed to help teenagers communicate better with their parents.这个项目专为帮助青少年改善与父母的沟通而设计。 ✨仿写练习：这项活动旨在帮助青少年缓解成长中的烦恼。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：be designed to旨在——用于点明用意 例句（读后续写成长进取主题高频表达）：Every rule at home,she came to realize,was designed out of love.她逐渐明白，家规条条皆是出于爱。 17.likely adj.可能的adv.可能 ✅教材原句：If you keep silent,conflicts are more likely to become worse.如果你保持沉默，冲突很有可能会变得更糟。 🔧固定搭配： ▸be likely to do sth有可能做某事 例句：You are likely to misunderstand your parents without enough talk.如果缺少足够交谈，你有可能会误解你的父母。 ▸It is likely that…很可能…… 例句：It is likely that misunderstandings will appear in family life.家庭生活中很可能会出现误会。 📌词性转换（高考拓展，易混辨析）： ▸unlikely adj.不大可能的（反义词） 例句：It is unlikely that the problem will disappear by itself.这个问题不大可能会自行消失。 ⚠辨析：likely（adj./adv.可能）；alike adj./adv.相像的/地；like prep.像；喜欢v. 例句：The two sisters look alike.这两姐妹长得很像。 📝即时小练习 ①It is________________(likely)that the quarrel will end without proper communication. ②Teens are more likely________________(feel)upset when they are misunderstood. ③________________is likely that both sides will reach an agreement after a talk. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）That is the very likely future of applying today’s“eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.将当今“空中之眼”技术应用于确保全球数百万公里铁路轨道与基础设施全天候安全运行，这极有可能成为未来的发展方向。（likely adj.可能的） 🔹例句：Without proper communication,misunderstandings are more likely to grow.若缺少恰当沟通，误会往往会加深。 🔹易混辨析：likely(adj./adv.可能)；alike(adj./adv.相像的/地)；like(prep.像；v.喜欢)。be likely to do/It is likely that…。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/心理成长 ✨高分句型：Silence makes it more likely that small disagreements will turn into big conflicts.沉默很可能让小分歧演变成大冲突。 ✨仿写练习：一次坦诚的谈话很可能会让双方重归于好。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：be likely to do很可能会——用于情节铺垫 例句（读后续写情节转折主题高频表达）：What seemed hopeless was actually likely to turn around with one brave step.看似无望之事，往往只需一个勇敢的举动便可能扭转。 18.eager adj.渴望的，热切的 ✅教材原句：Many teenagers are eager for more freedom from their parents.很多青少年渴望从父母那里获得更多自由。 🔧固定搭配： ▸be eager for sth渴望某物 例句：Most teenagers are eager for more independence in daily life.大多数青少年渴望在日常生活中拥有更多独立。 ▸be eager to do sth渴望做某事 例句：He is eager to show his parents that he can make good choices.他迫切想要向父母证明自己可以做出好的选择。 📌词性转换： ▸eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地 例句：He eagerly waited for his parents’ reply.他急切地等待父母的答复。 ▸eagerness n.渴望；热切 例句：We can see his eagerness for independence.我们能看到他对独立的渴望。 📝即时小练习 ①Most teenagers are eager________________(gain)more respect from family. ②He looked forward________________(eager)to the chance to express his ideas. ③His________________(eager)for personal space often causes misunderstandings. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Most teenagers are eager for independence but still crave their parents’ support.多数青少年渴望独立，却依然渴求父母的支持。 🔹用法提示：be eager for sth渴望某物；be eager to do渴望做某事（近be anxious to do）；eagerness n.渴望。 ✍写作积累｜青年成长/演讲稿 ✨高分句型：Eager to be heard,teenagers often speak louder than they truly feel.急于被倾听，青少年有时说得比内心更激烈。 ✨仿写练习：他急切地想向父母证明自己已经长大。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：eager to do热切想做——用于刻画心理 例句（读后续写青春成长主题高频表达）：Eager to make amends,he waited outside her door all evening.他急切想弥补过错，整晚守在她门外。 19.flexible adj.灵活的；可变动的 ✅教材原句：Parents should keep flexible rules for teenagers.父母应当为青少年保留灵活的规则。 🔧固定搭配： ▸flexible rules灵活的规定 例句：Flexible rules give teenagers space for self‑growth.灵活的规定给予青少年自我成长的空间。 ▸be flexible about sth对……持灵活态度 例句：Parents should be flexible about screen‑time instead of setting hard rules.父母对于屏幕使用时间应当灵活， 而不是制定死板的规定。 📌词性转换： ▸flexibly adv.灵活地 例句：Parents should deal with teenage problems flexibly.父母应当灵活处理青少年问题。 ▸flexibility n.灵活性；弹性 例句：Some flexibility is needed in family rules.家庭规则需要一定的灵活性。 📝即时小练习 ①Parents should treat different situations________________(flexible). ②A little________________(flexible)in house rules can cut down family quarrels. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Flexible rules allow parents to guide teens without squeezing their independence.灵活的规则让父母既能引导青少年，又不挤压他们的独立空间。 🔹词义拓展：flexible既可指“可弯折的、柔韧的”，也常比喻“灵活的、可变通的”；反义词rigid死板的。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/议论类 ✨高分句型：A flexible family is stronger than a rigid one,because it bends but does not break.灵活的家庭比死板的更稳固——它能屈而不折。 ✨仿写练习：父母若能更灵活地调整家规，孩子会更愿意配合。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a flexible mind灵活的心态——用于人物成长 例句（读后续写成长进取主题高频表达）：Learning to stay flexible,she turned setbacks into stepping stones.她学会灵活应变，把挫折变成了垫脚石。 20.account n.账户；描述，叙述 ✅教材原句：…draw money out of Mama’s Bank Account.从妈妈的银行账户取钱。 🔧固定搭配： ▸bank account银行账户 例句：He opened a new bank account at sixteen.他十六岁开了一个新的银行账户。 ▸take…into account把……考虑在内 例句：You should take teenagers’ feelings into account.你应当把青少年的感受考虑在内。 📌词性转换： ▸accountant n.会计 例句：His aunt works as an accountant in a bank.他的姑姑在银行做会计。 📝即时小练习 ①When making family rules,please take teens’ feelings________________account. ②She gave listeners different________________(account)of what had happened at home. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：She later gave a calm account of how the quarrel had started.事后她平静地叙述了争吵的起因。 🔹熟词生义：account除“账户”外，高频考“描述、叙述”（give an account of）；take…into account把……考虑在内。 ✍写作积累｜读后续写/记叙类 ✨高分搭配：give an account of叙述；on no account绝不（置于句首需倒装）。 例句：On no account should we let a single argument define our whole family.我们绝不该让一次争吵定义整个家庭。 ✨仿写练习：绝不能因为一次失误就否定孩子的全部努力。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：take sth into account把……考虑在内——用于心理决策 例句（读后续写成长进取主题高频表达）：Taking her parents’ love into account,she decided to talk it out.考虑到父母的爱，她决定把话说开。 21.grocery n.食品杂货店；食品杂货 ✅教材原句：“I will work in Dillon’s grocery after school,”Nels volunteered.“放学后我去狄龙的杂货店打工。”内尔斯主动提出。 🔧固定搭配： ▸grocery store杂货店 例句：He takes a parttime job in a local grocery store.他在当地一家杂货店做兼职。 ▸daily groceries日用杂货 例句：She bought some daily groceries on her way home.她回家路上买了一些日用杂货。 📝即时小练习 ①He bought some daily________________(grocery)on his way home from work. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：He ran a simple grocery near home,saving time to help his struggling son.他在家附近开了家小食品杂货店，好腾出时间陪伴正在挣扎的儿子。 🔹熟词生义：grocery常用复数groceries表“食品杂货”；grocery store食品杂货店。注意与grocer(n.杂货商)区分。 ✍写作积累｜记叙类/亲情话题 ✨高分搭配：do the grocery/buy groceries买食品杂货。 例句：She still does the grocery for her parents,keeping their small routine warm.她仍替父母买食品杂货，让那份日常的小温暖延续。 ✨仿写练习：他每周都为父母买好一周的食品杂货。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：do the grocery for sb替某人采买——用于亲情细节 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：He carried the heavy grocery bags,secretly understanding his father’s burden.他提着沉甸甸的购物袋，忽然读懂了父亲肩上的重担。 22.secure adj.安全的；安心的vt.获得；保护 ✅教材原句：It gave us such a warm,secure feeling.这给了我们一种温暖又安心的感觉。 🔧固定搭配： ▸feel secure感到安心 例句：Family love makes children feel secure.家庭的爱让孩子感到安心。 ▸secure sth for sb为某人争取到某物 例句：Parents try to secure a good chance for their kids.父母努力为孩子争取好机会。 📌词性转换： ▸security n.安全；保障 例句：Children’s emotional security matters a great deal.孩子的情感保障十分重要。 ▸securely adv.安全地；安心地 例句：The kid slept securely in his own bedroom.孩子在自己卧室里睡得很安稳。 📝即时小练习 ①Children’s emotional________________(secure)largely depends on family respect. ②Parents are trying their best________________(secure)a pleasant home environment for kids. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：A loving home helps teens feel secure enough to face the world.有爱的家让青少年有足够的安心去面对世界。 🔹熟词生义：secure作形容词“安全的、安心的”，作动词表“获得、使安全”；secure a job获得一份工作。 ✍写作积累｜心理成长/议论类 ✨高分句型：Only when teens feel secure at home can they face the outside world with confidence.只有在家感到安心的孩子，才能自信地面对外面的世界。 ✨仿写练习：父母无条件的爱让孩子感到安全与踏实。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：feel secure感到安心——用于情感描写 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：Held in her mother’s arms,the boy finally felt secure again.被母亲拥在怀里，男孩终于重新感到安心。 23.graduate vi.毕业n.毕业生 ✅教材原句：After they graduate from high school,teens will face more choices.青少年从高中毕业之后，将会面临更多选择。 🔧固定搭配： ▸graduate from…从……毕业 例句：He will graduate from high school in two years.他两年之后将要高中毕业。 ▸graduate into sth逐渐变为 例句：Small disagreements may graduate into serious quarrels.小小的分歧有可能演变成激烈争吵。 📌词性转换： ▸graduation n.毕业 例句：We held a small party to celebrate his graduation.我们举办了小型聚会庆祝他毕业。 📝即时小练习 ①After________________(graduate)from high school,teens long for more independence. ②Many high‑school________________(graduate)are thinking about their future. ③We prepared gifts for the coming________________(graduate)ceremony. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Most students graduate from high school with more confidence than they realized.多数高中毕业时，学生的自信远超他们自己的认知。 🔹用法提示：graduate from+学校从……毕业；graduate in+专业；graduate作名词指“毕业生”。介词from/in不可混用。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/青年成长 ✨高分句型：To graduate is not the end of growth,but the beginning of a new journey.毕业不是成长的终点，而是新征程的起点。 ✨仿写练习：三年后，他将从这所高中毕业，迈向更广阔的天地。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：graduate from从……毕业——用于阶段转折 例句（读后续写成长进取主题高频表达）：The day she graduated,she finally thanked the parents who never gave up on her.毕业那天，她终于感谢了从未放弃她的父母。 24.emergency n.紧急情况，突发事件 ✅教材原句：This was the“Little Bank”.It was used for sudden emergencies…这就是“小金库”，用来应对突发紧急情况。 🔧固定搭配： ▸in an emergency在紧急情况下 例句：We should keep calm in an emergency.遇到紧急情况我们应当保持冷静。 ▸sudden emergencies突发紧急事件 例句：The small fund is prepared for sudden emergencies.这笔小额基金是为突发紧急事件准备的。 📌词性转换： ▸emergent adj.紧急的；突发的 例句：We should deal with emergent situations calmly.我们应当冷静处理突发状况。 📝即时小练习 ①We kept some money for unexpected________________(emergency). ②________________(emergency)medical service should be available for every family. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空）They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived,but she thought the car was going to explode.他们让她保持不动，直到急救人员赶来，可她却以为车子快要爆炸了。（emergency n.紧急情况） 🔹例句：In a real emergency,a calm parent is the child’s greatest security.在真正的突发状况下，冷静的父母是孩子最大的安全感。 🔹熟词生义：emergency n.紧急情况、突发事件；emergency exit紧急出口；in case of emergency如遇紧急情况。 ✍写作积累｜记叙类/应用文 ✨高分搭配：in an emergency在紧急情况下；emergency plan应急预案。 例句：She had prepared an emergency plan in case anything went wrong.她准备了一份应急方案，以防万一。 ✨仿写练习：遇到突发状况时，请务必保持冷静并及时求助。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：an emergency一场突发事件——用于制造高潮 例句（读后续写临危不乱主题高频表达）：When the emergency came,the calm father sprang into action at once.突发状况来临时，冷静的父亲立刻行动起来。 25.volunteer n.志愿者vi.&vt.自愿做，义务做 ✅教材原句：“I will work in Dillon’s grocery after school,”Nels volunteered.“放学后我去狄龙的杂货店打工。”内尔斯主动提出。 🔧固定搭配： ▸volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 例句：Some students volunteer to help the old in the community.一些学生自愿在社区帮助老人。 ▸volunteer for sth自愿参与某事 例句：He volunteered for the youth activity.他自愿参加这项青少年活动。 📌词性转换： ▸voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的 例句：Many voluntary activities are held for teenagers.许多志愿活动是为青少年举办的。 ▸voluntarily adv.自愿地；主动地 例句：He voluntarily gave up some of his spare time for community work.他主动放弃部分课余时间参与社区工作。 📝即时小练习 ①Some teenagers volunteered________________(take)part in community activities. ②Some________________(volunteer)work helps teens improve communication skills. ③He________________(volunteer)to share ideas at the class meeting yesterday. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022全国甲卷语法填空）A friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.他的朋友吴凡，主动提出在旅途中做他的同伴。（volunteer to do主动提出、自愿做） 🔹真题切片：（2026年新课标Ⅱ卷·听力）A big thank you to my fellow teachers and parent volunteers for your wonderful help.衷心感谢各位同事老师及家长志愿者的鼎力相助。（volunteers n.志愿者） 🔹词性拓展：volunteer n.志愿者；vi.自愿做、义务做；volunteer to do sth自愿做某事；volunteer for sth志愿参加。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/倡议类 ✨高分句型：Volunteering teaches teenagers that giving can be as rewarding as receiving.志愿服务让青少年懂得：付出与收获同样可贵。 ✨仿写练习：他主动提出周末去社区陪伴独居老人。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：volunteer to help主动帮忙——用于人物品质 例句（读后续写助人为乐主题高频表达）：Without a second thought,she volunteered to help the lost stranger.她毫不犹豫，主动去帮助那位迷路的陌生人。 26.operation n.手术；操作 ✅教材原句：…my little sister Dagmar’s operation.我妹妹达格玛的那次手术。 🔧固定搭配： ▸have an operation做手术 例句：The little girl needed to have an operation in hospital.这个小女孩需要住院做手术。 ▸in operation在运转中；实施中 例句：The new rules are now in operation.新的规定现已开始实施。 📌词性转换： ▸operate v.动手术；操作 例句：The doctors will operate on the little patient tomorrow.医生明天将给这位小病人做手术。 ▸operator n.操作员；接线员 例句：The machine operator must follow safety rules.机器操作员必须遵守安全规则。 📝即时小练习 ①The doctors________________(operate)on the little patient for nearly three hours last week. ②The whole________________(operate)went smoothly in the end. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Thanks to the timely operation,the injured driver was soon out of danger.得益于及时的手术，受伤的司机很快脱离了危险。 🔹熟词生义：operation一词多义——“手术”“（机器、系统的）运行、操作”“（有组织的）行动”；out of operation停止运转。 ✍写作积累｜记叙类/应用文 ✨高分搭配：perform/carry out an operation实施手术；be in/out of operation在（不在）运行中。 例句：The machine has been out of operation since last Friday.这台机器上周五起就停止运行了。 ✨仿写练习：经过一场紧急手术，伤者转危为安。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：an emergency operation一场紧急手术——用于生死情节 例句（读后续写临危不乱主题高频表达）：The doctors worked all night to finish the risky operation.医生们彻夜奋战，完成了这台风险极高的手术。 27.teller n.出纳员 ✅教材原句：Just hand it to the teller.He’ll pay it into your account.直接把钱给出纳员，他会把钱存进你的账户。 🔧固定搭配： ▸bank teller银行出纳员 例句：The bank teller helped him finish the business.银行出纳员帮他办完了业务。 ▸a storyteller讲故事的人 例句：My grandma is a good storyteller.我奶奶很会讲故事。 📝即时小练习 ①Several bank________________(teller)are ready to serve customers every day. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：The bank teller greeted the nervous old man with patient kindness.银行出纳员耐心而友善地问候了那位紧张的老人。 🔹词义拓展：teller由tell派生，常见义“出纳员（银行柜员）”；亦指“讲述者”（storyteller）及（投票）计票人。 ✍写作积累｜记叙类/人物描写 ✨高分搭配：a bank teller银行出纳员。 例句：The kind teller helped her count the coins the little boy had saved for his mother.热心的柜员帮她数出小男孩攒给妈妈的硬币。 ✨仿写练习：那位耐心的银行职员帮老人办好了每一张单据。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：a kind teller一位和善的柜员——用于善意传递 例句（读后续写助人为乐主题高频表达）：A teller’s simple smile turned her worst day into a small miracle.柜员一个简单微笑，把她最糟的一天变成了小小的奇迹。 28.respond vi.作出反应；回应 ✅教材原句：How will you respond when your parents disagree with you?当你的父母不认同你的时候，你会如何回应？ 🔧固定搭配： ▸respond to sth对……作出回应/反应 例句：You should respond to your parents’ concerns patiently.你应当耐心回应父母的顾虑。 ▸respond with sth以……作出回应 例句：He responded with silence instead of shouting.他选择沉默而不是大吼大叫作为回应。 📌词性转换： ▸response n.回应；答复 例句：He gave no response to my suggestion.他对我的建议没有作出答复。 📝即时小练习 ①You should respond________________your parents’ worries with sincerity. ②He made no________________(respond)to the criticism from his family. ③She________________(respond)calmly to the quarrel last night. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）Since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些数据可用吗？（respond to对……作出反应） 🔹例句：How parents respond to a teen’s anger often decides how the quarrel ends.父母如何回应青少年的怒气，往往决定了争吵如何收场。 🔹用法提示：respond to对……作出回应/反应；respond with以……回应；名词response；respond to criticism虚心接受批评。 ✍写作积累｜心理成长/议论类 ✨高分句型：If we respond to anger with calm rather than shouting,conflicts cool down quickly.若以冷静而非吼叫回应愤怒，冲突会很快降温。 ✨仿写练习：面对孩子的顶撞，她选择了耐心回应而不是厉声呵斥。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：respond with a smile以微笑回应——用于化解冲突 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：Instead of arguing,he responded with a hug,and the tension melted away.他没有争辩，而是用一个拥抱回应，紧张顿时消融。 二、核心短语 1.see eye to eye with sb(on sth)（在某事上）与某人看法一致 ✅教材原句：Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything?你是否感觉你和他们在任何事情上都无法达成一致？ 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸see eye to eye with sb on sth在某事上与某人看法一致 例句：I don’t see eye to eye with my parents on the use of mobile phones.我和父母在手机使用问题上看法不一致。 ▸see eye to eye with sb about sth在某事方面和某人观点相同 例句：They see eye to eye with each other about the importance of honesty.他们在诚实的重要性这一点上观点完全一致。 📝即时小练习 ①When talking about screen time,I cannot see eye to eye________________my parents. ②We seldom see eye to eye with each other________________the topic of afterschool hobbies. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：My parents and I rarely see eye to eye about how much time I spend online.在上网时间这件事上，我和父母很少意见一致。 🔹用法提示：see eye to eye(with sb)表“与某人看法一致”，多用于否定/疑问句，肯定意义常用agree。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/心理成长 ✨高分句型：We need not see eye to eye on everything to still love each other deeply.我们不必事事意见一致，也依然可以深爱彼此。 ✨仿写练习：在理想职业上，他与父母意见并不一致。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：see eye to eye意见一致——用于关系转好 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：That evening,for the first time,they finally saw eye to eye.那晚，他们第一次终于达成了共识。 2.shoot up快速长高；猛增 ✅教材原句：You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends,shooting up in height or getting left far behind.你可能会焦虑，自己的发育速度和朋友不一样，要么个子猛蹿，要么远远落后。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸shoot up（人）快速长高 例句：The boy shot up several centimetres in one year.这个男孩一年之内个子猛长几厘米。 ▸shoot up（数字、价格）急剧上涨 例句：The price of daily goods shot up last month.上个月日用品价格急剧上涨。 📝即时小练习 ①Lots of boys________________(shoot)greatly since they entered junior high. ②Some teens feel worried when they are shooting________________much faster than classmates. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：He shot up so fast last year that his old clothes no longer fit.去年他个子猛长，旧衣服都不合身了。 🔹熟词生义：shoot up本义“快速长高”，也常喻“（价格、数量）猛增、暴涨”，与soar/rise sharply同义。 ✍写作积累｜记叙类/青年成长 ✨高分搭配：prices shoot up物价猛涨。 例句：The number of phone hours shot up during the long holiday.漫长假期里，看手机的小时数猛增。 ✨仿写练习：一夜之间他仿佛蹿高了半头，裤脚都短了。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：shoot up猛然蹿升——用于外貌或情节 例句（读后续写青春成长主题高频表达）：He had shot up so tall that his father barely recognized him.他长得太快，父亲几乎认不出他了。 3.point of view观点，看法 ✅教材原句：…try to understand the situation from their point of view.试着站在他们的立场看待这件事。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸from one’s point of view从某人的角度看 例句：Try to consider other people’s point of view in conflicts.发生冲突时试着考虑别人的观点。 ▸a different point of view不一样的视角 例句：She offered a different point of view on teenage problems.针对青少年问题，她给出了不一样的视角。 📝即时小练习 ①Try to look at conflicts from their point________________view. ②________________my point of view,sincere talk is the best solution. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Try to see the situation from your parents’ point of view before you react.在回应之前，试着站在父母的角度看待情况。 🔹熟词生义：view作名词考“看法、视野、景色”，作动词view…as…把……视为；point of view观点、角度。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/建议信 ✨高分句型：Seen from your parents’ point of view,their rules are often just worry in another form.站在父母的角度看，他们的规矩常常只是换了一种形式的担忧。 ✨仿写练习：换个角度看待父母的唠叨，那其实是关心的体现。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：point of view视角——用于心理换位 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：Seen from his mother’s point of view,his silence was just growing pains.从母亲的角度看，他的沉默不过是成长的阵痛。 4.think sth through充分考虑，全盘思考 ✅教材原句：After you have thought it through,explain your actions and feelings calmly…在你全盘思考过后，冷静地解释你的行为和感受…… 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸think it through把这件事彻底想清楚（代词放中间） 例句：Think the decision through before you act.行动前把这个决定全盘想清楚。 ▸think everything through把一切都想透彻 例句：You ought to think everything through before you make a choice.做选择之前你应当把一切想透彻。 📝即时小练习 ①Before you voice your anger towards family members,please think________________through carefully. ②You ought to think all the things________________before you make important decisions. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Give your anger a minute to cool,and think it through before any harsh word leaves your mouth.先让怒气冷却一分钟，在任何伤人的话出口前把它想清楚。 🔹用法提示：think sth through意为“把……彻底想清楚”；代词作宾语须放中间：think it through/think this problem through，不能说think through it。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/议论类 ✨高分搭配：think a decision through把决定想周全。 例句：Had he thought the choice through,he would not have regretted it later.他若当初把选择想周全，事后就不会后悔。 ✨仿写练习：冲动之前先把后果想清楚，你会少走许多弯路。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：think sth through反复权衡——用于理性抉择、化解冲动 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：Sitting alone,he finally thought everything through and picked up the phone.独自静坐，他终于把一切想通，拿起了电话。 5.back down退让，让步 ✅教材原句：…you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.你会学会何时该退让，何时该请求父母放宽管束。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸refuse to back down拒绝让步 例句：Neither side wanted to back down in the quarrel.争吵当中双方谁都不愿让步。 ▸back down from one’s position放弃自己的立场 例句：He refused to back down from his reasonable position.他不肯放弃自己合理的立场。 📝即时小练习 ①He refused to back________________even under huge family pressure. ②Backing________________does not mean you give up your reasonable opinions. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Neither side would back down,and the argument dragged on for hours.谁都不肯让步，争吵持续了好几个小时。 🔹熟词生义：back down＝back off退让、让步（常与from连用：back down from a demand）；别与back up（支持/备份）、back out（退出）混淆。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/心理成长 ✨高分句型：Sometimes backing down is not weakness,but the courage to value love over winning.有时让步不是软弱，而是选择珍视感情、胜过争个输赢的勇气。 ✨仿写练习：为了家人，他最终选择了退让。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：back down退让——用于冲突收场 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：He refused to back down at first,but a tear from her changed everything.起初他不肯让步，可她的一滴泪改变了一切。 6.go through经历，经受(尤指苦难)；翻阅 ✅教材原句：Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain.也许他们经历过类似的事情，不想让你承受同样的痛苦。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸go through hardships/pains经历苦难 例句：Almost every teenager will go through some growing pains.几乎每一个青少年都会经历一些成长的烦恼。 ▸go through documents翻阅文件 例句：She went through all the papers before the meeting.开会之前她翻阅了全部文件。 📝即时小练习 ①Most teenagers will go________________mixed feelings during their adolescence. ②He________________(go)through lots of misunderstandings with his parents over the past years. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024全国甲卷·完形填空）I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did.我很庆幸，自己不必像她那样经历那些艰辛。（go through经历、经受） 🔹例句：Growing up can be a rough ride,but no teenager has to face it alone.成长可能是段艰难的旅程，但青少年不必独自面对。 🔹用法提示：go through一词多义——经历、经受（苦难）；翻阅、检查（go through the documents）；（计划、申请）被通过、走完（程序）。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/议论类 ✨高分搭配：go through hard times经历艰难时期。 例句：Every family has to go through difficult moments before it grows stronger.每个家庭都要经历一些艰难时刻，才能变得更坚韧。 ✨仿写练习：那段最难熬的日子，是她陪着我一起走过来的。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：go through共同经历——用于共渡难关、亲情守望 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：Whatever they went through,they faced it side by side.无论经历什么，他们都并肩面对。 7.turn out结果是，证明是 ✅教材原句：Everything will turn out all right in the end…最后一切都会好起来的。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸turn out+(to be)+adj./n.结果证明是 例句：Everything will turn out fine with patience.只要有耐心，一切最后都会变好。 ▸It turns/turned out that…结果证明…… 例句：It turned out that the misunderstanding was unnecessary.结果证明这场误会本可避免。 📝即时小练习 ①Even if you are suffering now,everything will turn________________fine with patient communication. ②________________turned out that most family conflicts came from lack of communication. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2024全国甲卷·完形填空）This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical.这种训练教会她倒着读写汉字——这项技能结果证明相当实用。（turn out to be结果证明是） 🔹例句：The quarrel turned out to be a chance for the family to understand each other better.那场争吵到头来竟成了这个家庭加深彼此了解的契机。 🔹用法提示：turn out结果是、证明是；It turns out(that)…原来……；turn out to be…原来是……。 ✍写作积累｜记叙类/议论类 ✨高分句型：What began as a fight turned out to be the warmest talk they had all year.起初是一场争吵，到头来却成了他们一年中最温暖的一次谈话。 ✨仿写练习：那次误会最终被证明是一次难得的和解机会。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：turn out to be原来是——用于情节反转 例句（读后续写惊喜感动主题高频表达）：The stranger who seemed cold turned out to be her long-lost uncle.那个看似冷漠的陌生人，竟是失散多年的叔叔。 8.draw sth out of sth从……提取/取出 ✅教材原句：…without having to draw money out of Mama’s Bank Account.不用去妈妈的银行账户取钱。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸draw money out of the bank从银行取钱 例句：You can draw some money out of your bank account in an emergency.紧急情况下你可以从银行账户取钱。 ▸draw information out of sb从某人那里获知信息 例句：It is hard to draw real thoughts out of silent teenagers.很难从沉默的青少年口中获知真实想法。 📝即时小练习 ①He drew some cash________________of his bank account for daily costs. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：A patient listener can draw out the true feelings a teenager has buried deep.耐心的倾听者，能把青少年深埋心底的真实感受引导出来。 🔹用法提示：draw…out of…从……中引出、提取；代词作宾语须放中间：draw it out of sb。亦喻“汲取（教训/经验）”。 ✍写作积累｜心理成长/建议信 ✨高分句型：A few gentle questions can draw out the words a shy teenager has kept inside.几个温柔的提问，就能引导出羞怯少年藏在心底的话。 ✨仿写练习：老师的耐心引导，让她说出了压在心里的委屈。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：draw out the truth引出真相——用于情节推进 例句（读后续写亲情和解主题高频表达）：One warm hug drew out the apology he had swallowed for weeks.一个温暖的拥抱，让他吐出了那句憋了数周的道歉。 9.be on one’s back about sth缠绕；反复唠叨，对……喋喋不休 ✅教材原句：My mum is always on my back about my screen time.我妈妈总对我的手机使用时长喋喋不休。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸be on one’s back about one’s grades对成绩唠叨不停 例句：His father is always on his back about his school grades.他爸爸总在对他的成绩唠叨不停。 ▸be on one’s back about bad habits对坏习惯喋喋不休 例句：Parents should avoid being always on kids’ backs about small bad habits.父母应当避免总为小小的坏习惯对孩子喋喋不休。 📝即时小练习 ①Her parents are always________________her back________________her bad living habits. ②Don’t be________________his back________________small mistakes;give him more patience. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：His mother was on his back about his room,but her nagging hid real worry.妈妈总唠叨他的房间乱，唠叨里藏着的其实是担心。 🔹口语提示：be on sb about sth（口语）反复唠叨、对某人不休地催问，多含被管束的抱怨语气。 ✍写作积累｜记叙类/亲情话题 ✨高分搭配：be on sb about sth对某人不休地唠叨某事。 例句：Dad was on him about the grades,yet stayed up late to help him study.爸爸不停念叨他的成绩，却熬夜陪他复习。 ✨仿写练习：母亲没完没了地唠叨着，那其实是一份放不下的牵挂。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：on one’s back唠叨不停——用于亲情细节 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：She was on his back again,this time over a simple“thank you”.她又开始唠叨他，这回只为一句简单的“谢谢”。 10.cheer up（使）振作起来；（使）高兴起来 ✅教材原句：Some words of encouragement can cheer him up after a family fight.家庭争吵过后，几句鼓励的话可以让他振作起来。 🔧固定搭配/用法： ▸cheer sb up使某人振作（代词放中间） 例句：Try to cheer your brother up when he feels upset.当你的弟弟情绪低落的时候，试着让他振作起来。 ▸cheer up（主语自身）振作起来 例句：Cheer up!Everything will get better through communication.振作起来！通过沟通一切都会变好。 📝即时小练习 ①When you feel upset,listening to light music may cheer you________________. ②________________(cheer)up your family members is a good way to improve home atmosphere. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：A single kind word can cheer up a teenager who feels totally alone.一句善意的话，就能让感到孤独的青少年振作起来。 🔹用法提示：cheer up（使）振作、高兴；及物可带宾语 cheer sb up；反义 let down 使失望。作劝慰语常用“Cheer up!”。 ✍写作积累｜心理成长/助人为乐 ✨高分句型：Sometimes all a sad heart needs is one person willing to cheer it up.一颗悲伤的心有时只需要一个愿意让它重新振作的人。 ✨仿写练习：朋友的一番话，让沮丧的她重新振作起来。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：cheer sb up 使某人振作——用于温情转折 例句（读后续写助人为乐主题高频表达）：His silly jokes were only meant to cheer his crying sister up.他滑稽的玩笑，只为逗乐正在哭泣的妹妹。 一、简单句 📐定义：简单句是只包含一套主语和谓语、表达一个完整意思的句子。无论句子多长、修饰成分多少，只要谓语动词（即有人称和时态变化的"真谓语"）只出现一套，它就是简单句。 ⚠️高考易错：很多同学以为"简单句=短句"，这是错的。判定简单句的标准只有一个——全句只有一套主谓骨架。句子可以长得吓人，只要"真谓语"只有一套，它仍是简单句。 例句：The boy standing under the tree,holding a book in his hand,looks very nervous.那个站在树下、手里拿着一本书的男孩看上去非常紧张。 分析：这句话又有standing、又有holding，看起来像多个动作，但真正充当谓语的只有looks一个。standing under the tree是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰boy，holding a book是分词短语作伴随状语——它们都是非谓语动词（to do/doing/done），没有时态、不随主语变人称，因此不能算谓语。 📌核心结论：非谓语动词再多，也不增加句子的"主谓套数"。这是判断句子类型、做语法填空的第一道分水岭。 🔧简单句有五种基本句型： ①主+谓（S+V） 定义：谓语为不及物动词，其后不需要宾语、意思已完整的句型。 例句：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 分析：rise为不及物动词，The sun rises句子已经完整，不需要宾语。。 ②主+谓+宾（S+V+O） 定义：谓语为及物动词，必须带一个动作承受者（宾语）才能把意思说完整的句型。 例句：We cherish every opportunity.我们珍惜每一个机会。 分析：cherish（珍惜）为及物动词，若不接"珍惜什么"，话就说不完，被珍惜的every opportunity就是宾语。 ③主+系+表（S+link-V+P） 定义：谓语为系动词，后接表语用以说明主语"是什么、怎么样"的句型。这是最容易与"主谓宾"混淆的一类，必须讲透原理。系动词本身没有完整动作含义，它只是把主语和后面的描述词黏在一起的"胶水"。最常见的是be；此外有一批"看着像动作、实为系动词"的词：look、sound、smell、taste、feel、become/get/turn/go（变得）、remain（保持）、seem。 例句：The plan sounds practical.这个计划听起来很实际。 分析：这里sounds不是"发声"，而是"听起来怎么样"，practical描述plan的性质，是表语。关键结论：系动词后接形容词作表语，不是副词、也不是宾语。 ④主+谓+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）——双宾语 定义：谓语动词后同时带"人（间接宾语）+物（直接宾语）"两个宾语的句型。这类动词集中在"给、告诉、借、展示、买、做"：give、tell、buy、show、lend、pass、send、offer等。 例句：Our teacher gave us valuable advice.老师给了我们宝贵的建议。 分析：us是给的对象（人，间宾），valuable advice是被给的东西（物，直宾）。两个宾语所指不同（us≠advice），这是双宾语的标志。 ⑤主+谓+宾+宾补（S+V+O+C）——复合宾语 定义：谓语动词后带宾语，且宾语必须再补一个成分（宾补）把意思补充完整的句型。 例句：We elected him monitor.我们选他当班长。 分析：him是宾语，monitor是宾补，说明him被选成了什么。宾语与宾补之间存在"逻辑上的主表关系"，即可以还原成"he is our monitor"——这是它和双宾语最本质的区别。 📌双宾语vs宾补：一个动作当场拆穿。两者都长成“动词+名词+名词”，高考专设陷阱。 判断技巧：在两个名词间偷偷塞进"是/being"读一遍。 读得通→宾补。elected him(is)monitor✔ 读不通、且两个名词指不同对象→双宾语。gave us(is)advice✘（us与advice是两回事） 📌使役动词与感官动词的"to失踪案"（语法填空与完形双料高频）：make/let/have（使役）和see/hear/watch/notice/feel（感官）后接不定式作宾补时，必须省略to；但句子变被动语态时，to必须原样找回。 例句：The boss made him work overtime.老板逼他加班。（主动，省to） 例句：He was made to work overtime.他被迫加班。（被动，to还原） 原理：主动句里to是因为前面有"实义主语施压"才被省，变被动后这个条件消失，to归位。 📝即时小练习 判断句型，把代号填在括号里：A主谓/B主谓宾/C主系表/D主谓双宾/E主谓宾宾补 ①The old man sitting on the bench,watching the children play in the park,looks extremely peaceful.( ) ②The government has announced a new policy aimed at reducing carbon emissions in major cities across the country.( ) ③The traditional Chinese tea,grown in the mountainous regions of Fujian Province,tastes remarkably smooth and fragrant.( ) ④The experienced guide showed the foreign tourists a fascinating ancient temple hidden deep in the bamboo forest.( ) ⑤The constant noise from the construction site near our school keeps the students distracted during their afternoon classes.( ) ⑥The young athlete,having trained for over ten years,finally won the gold medal at the national competition.( ) 二、并列句 📐定义：并列句是由两个或两个以上地位平等、互不从属的分句，通过并列连词、关联连词或特定标点连接而成的句子。其中每个分句都本身是完整的句子，能独立成句，分句之间没有主从之分。 ✅重点在"地位平等"四个字。并列句里的两个分句谁也不依附谁，好比"两个人握手"——左右对称、主次不分。这与主从复合句（一主一从、主次分明）形成对照。 📌逗号粘连：英语句子的头号语法罪。两个完整句子之间绝不能只用逗号连接，逗号太弱，没有缝合两个独立句子的能力。 ❌It rained hard,the match was put off. ✅It rained hard,so the match was put off.（加并列连词）雨下得很大，所以比赛被推迟了。 ✅It rained hard;the match was put off.（改用分号，分号才有缝合能力） ✅Because it rained hard,the match was put off.（改成主从，从句就允许用逗号接主句） 原理：英语用"谓语套数+连接词/标点"标记句界。两个独立句子中间要么上并列连词、要么上分号/句号，三选一，唯独不能用逗号。这是改错的常青考点。 🔧四个基本并列连词的逻辑分工： ①and（顺承/并列）：前后顺势推进。 例句：Read more,and you will write better.多读，你就会写得更好。 ②but（转折）：前后意思反向。 例句：He is poor,but he is honest.他虽然贫穷，却很诚实。 ③or（选择/否则）：给出选择或"否则"的后果。 例句：Hurry up,or you'll be late.快点，否则你要迟到了。 ④so（因果）：前因后果。 例句：It rained hard,so the match was put off.雨下得很大，所以比赛被推迟了。 特别讲:高频句型"祈使句+and/or+陈述句"，and相当于"那么"、or相当于"否则"。 例句：Work hard,and you will succeed.努力学习，你就会成功。 例句：Try again,or you will never know.再试一次，否则你永远不会知道。 🔧关联并列结构（成对出现的连词组合）： ①not only...but(also)...（不但……而且……）：连接两个并列成分。 例句：He not only finished the task but also helped others.他不仅完成了任务，还帮助了别人。 ②either...or...（两者之一）；③neither...nor...（两者都不）；④both...and...（两者都）。 📌就近原则： ①either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语只跟最近的主语一致——因为它们语义上"二选一/两边都不"，重点落在最后说出口的那个。 例句：Not only the students but also the teacher is interested.不仅学生们，连老师也感兴趣。（谓语最近the teacher，单数is） 例句：Neither Tom nor his parents like fast food.汤姆和他父母都不喜欢快餐。（最近parents，复数like） ②both...and连接主语一律用复数——"两者都"把两个对象一起算入，数量天然复数。 例句：Both English and maths are important.英语和数学都很重要。 📌中式英语的"连词双打"（because/so、although/but）。汉语习惯成对使用，于是误把两套逻辑都译出来。 ❌Although he is young,but he is capable. ✅Although he is young,he is capable.虽然他年轻，但他很有能力。 ✅He is young,but he is capable.他年轻，但他很有能力。 原理：although/because是从属连词，but/so是并列连词，一个复合逻辑只需一个连词标记，用两个即重复劳动。because与so二选一，although与but二选一。 📌并列句里的倒装：否定副词（never/seldom/hardly/little）置句首，或与not only同置句首时，所在分句要部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提到主语前），后半句不倒装。 例句：Not only did he apologize,but he also made up for the loss.他不仅道了歉，还弥补了损失。 📝即时小练习 ①The ancient town has preserved its traditional architecture for centuries,_____________it has gradually become an important destination for cultural tourism. ②Many young people prefer reading e-books on their phones,_____________some readers still believe that printed books have an irreplaceable charm. ③You can take the high-speed train to reach the coastal city in three hours,_____________you can choose to fly there if you want to save more time. ④The old library was closed for renovation last month,_____________the local community decided to set up several temporary reading rooms nearby. ⑤She spent the whole afternoon organizing the donated books,_____________she wanted every child in the village to find something interesting to read. ⑥The team had prepared for the competition for nearly a year,_____________they failed to enter the final round because of an unexpected mistake. ⑦The young artist paints not only traditional landscapes,_____________she also experiments with modern digital techniques. ⑧He was tired after the long journey,_____________he continued to help the villagers carry supplies to the temporary shelter. 三、主从复合句 📐定义：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子。从句本身具有主谓结构，但在整个句子中充当某个成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等），不能独立成句，必须依附主句。按从句充当的成分，分名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句三大类。 ✅通俗理解：从句就是"降级使用的句子"。一个本可独立的句子被硬塞进另一句里充当零件，主句是主、从句是从。下面每一小类也都先给定义，再讲选词逻辑。 （一）名词性从句 📐定义：在句中起名词作用、充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句，统称名词性从句。分别叫主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，都由引导词"开关"标记为名词性质。 🔧四类名词性从句： ①主语从句 定义：整个从句充当主句主语。 例句：What surprised us was his honesty.令我们吃惊的是他的诚实。（what在从句内还充当主语，绝不能省。） ②宾语从句定义：从句充当动词或介词的宾语。 例句：I wonder whether he will come.我想知道他是否会来。 ③表语从句定义：从句充当系动词后的表语。 例句：The problem is that we lack time.问题在于我们缺乏时间。 ④同位语从句定义：从句解释某抽象名词（fact/news/idea/hope/belief）的具体内容。 例句：The fact that he succeeded proved us wrong.他成功了这一事实证明我们错了。 📌引导词选择的核心判据——"从句内部缺不缺成分"（名词性从句的灵魂）： ·从句主谓宾齐全→用that（只起连接作用，不作成分）。 ·从句缺主语/宾语→用what（="所……的东西/事"，必须充当成分）。 ·表"是否"→whether/if；表"什么/谁/哪里/为什么"→保留对应疑问词。 例句：What we can't understand is his sudden decision.我们无法理解的是他突然的决定。（understand缺宾语→填what。） 例句：The news that our team won is true.我们队获胜的消息是真的。（our team won自足→填that。） 📌三个必考易错： ①语序永远是陈述语序。疑问句降级成从句必须还原"主语在前"：❌where does he live→✅where he lives。 例句：Do you know where he lives?你知道他住在哪里吗？ ②同位语从句vs定语从句生死判据——看that在从句里当不当成分： 例句：The news that our team won excited us all.我们队获胜的消息让大家都兴奋。（同位语，that不作成分） 例句：The news that he told me was surprising.他告诉我的消息令人惊讶。（定语从句，that顶替told的宾语，可省） 判据：that后从句成分齐全→同位语从句；缺主宾、that去补位→定语从句。 ③whether与if分工：多数"是否"通用，但介词后、句首、与or not紧邻、引导主语从句放句首四种情况只能用whether。 例句：Whether he comes is still unknown.他是否会来仍是未知数。（句首主语从句，只能用whether） （二）定语从句 📐定义：在句中起形容词作用、用来修饰名词或代词（先行词）的从句叫定语从句。从句前用关系词连接，关系词身兼两职：①指代先行词；②在从句内部充当一个成分。 🔧关系词选择逻辑链： ·先行词是人：主语用who/that，宾语用whom/who/that，所属用whose。 ·先行词是物：主语/宾语用which/that，所属用whose。 ·从句只缺地点状语用where，缺时间状语用when，缺原因状语用why。 关键判断：从句缺主语/宾语→选关系代词；从句只缺状语（不缺主宾）→选关系副词。对比体会where和which的差别： 例句：This is the museum which we visited last week.这就是我们上周参观的那座博物馆。（visited缺宾语→关系代词） 例句：This is the museum where we worked.这就是我们曾经工作过的那座博物馆。（worked不及物，缺地点状语→关系副词） 📌只能用that不用which：先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/the very/the same修饰，或先行词是all/everything/nothing/anything，或先行词既有人又有物。 例句：This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。（先行词被最高级修饰，用that） 📌只能用which不用that：非限制性定语从句（先行词后有逗号），尤其which指代前面整句话。 例句：He failed the exam,which made him sad.他考试没及格，这让他很难过。（which指代前面整件事） 📌介词+关系代词：介词提前时人用whom、物用which，绝不用that。 例句：The writer from whom I got the book is famous.我从他那里得到这本书的那位作家很有名。 （三）状语从句 📐定义：在句中起副词作用，修饰主句谓语，交代主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、地点、比较等背景的从句叫状语从句，由从属连词引导。 🔧按逻辑关系归类： ·时间：when/while/as/before/after/since/until/as soon as。while强调两动作同时持续（接延续性动词）；when可接短暂动作；as兼有"一边……一边/随着"。 ·条件：if/unless（=if not）/as long as/in case。 ·原因：because（最强，可答why）/since/as（较弱，众所周知的原因）/now that（既然）。 ·让步：although/though/even if/even though/no matter how/whatever。even if表"即使"（假设）；even though表"尽管"（既定事实）。 ·目的：so that/in order that（从句常带can/may/will）。 ·结果：so...that（修饰形/副）/such...that（修饰名词）。 ·地点：where/wherever ·比较：than/as...as。 📌高频易错： ①主将从现：时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句：I will call you as soon as he arrives.他一到我就给你打电话。（从句arrives，不用will arrive） ②no matter+疑问词vs疑问词+ever：引导让步状语从句可互换；但whatever/whoever/however还能引导名词性从句，no matter what不行。 例句：Whatever he said surprised me.无论他说了什么都让我吃惊。（主语从句，不能用No matter what） ③让步与转折不能双打：although与but、because与so不并存。 📝即时小练习 ①_____________surprised the researchers most was that the ancient tool could still be used after thousands of years. ②The committee has not yet decided_____________the new rule should be carried out immediately or postponed until next term. ③The most important question now is_____________we have enough volunteers to support the community service project. ④_____________the old map actually shows has puzzled historians for a long time,because some place names have completely disappeared. ⑤Whether the plan can succeed depends on_____________the local people are willing to take part in it. ⑥The young scientist _____________ research on clean energy has won international awards comes from a small town in Sichuan. ⑦I still remember the afternoon _____________ we visited the old factory and listened to the workers' stories. ⑧The classroom _____________ the exchange students had their first Chinese lesson has now been turned into a small exhibition hall. ⑨The craftsman _____________ traditional skills have been passed down for four generations is now training several young apprentices. ⑩The professor to _____________ I spoke after the lecture gave me some useful advice on my research plan. ⑪_____________the digital age has changed people's reading habits,many students still enjoy borrowing paper books from the school library. ⑫We cannot protect these ancient buildings_____________more young people show interest in traditional culture. 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $