考前押题05 阅读理解5大常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期人教版

考前押题05 阅读理解5大常考话题 话题1 杰出人物成就 话题2 未来科技生活 话题3 公园自然风光 话题4 肢体语言交际 话题5 农业科研奋斗 ① 通读题干，圈画关键词，明确题目设问方向； ② 回读原文，定位答题区间，查找与题干匹配信息； ③ 比对选项，区分原文细节、干扰项，忠于文本内容； ④ 主旨题梳理首尾段，推断题立足文本，不主观臆断； ⑤ 做完复盘，核对答案，确保选项符合文章逻辑。 话题1 杰出人物成就（共3篇） Passage 1 （26-27高二上·湖南·期中）Yang Chen-Ning, one of the most influential physicists of the 20th century and the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize, died in Beijing at the age of 103. Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui Province, in 1922. His father, Yang Wu-Chih, was a mathematics professor at Tsinghua University. The young Yang grew up on the Tsinghua campus, immersed in books and ideas that would shape his future. In 1957, Yang and fellow theoretical physicist Lee Tsung-Dao were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their parity violation theory (宇称不守恒定律). The finding overturned one of physics’ long-held assumptions and reshaped our understanding of nature’s laws. The Nobel committee praised their profound investigation which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles. Beyond his technical achievements, Yang’s scientific journey was guided by a profound sense of the aesthetic (美学) of thought. In his essay collection, he reflected on the British physicist Paul Dirac, whose ideas, Yang wrote, were “captivating.” He described Dirac’s writings as “clear as autumn water, unstained by dust,” with not a trace of waste. Following Dirac’s reasoning, he said, always felt marvellous (非凡的), leading to insights no one could have imagined beforehand. To Yang, the Dirac equation was nothing short of a revelation — an expression of both scientific precision and poetic beauty. After decades in the United States, Yang began visiting China more frequently in the 1990s. In 1999, he accepted a professorship at Tsinghua University, where he helped establish the Institute for Advanced Study and raised funds to support young scientists. Even in his eighties and nineties, Yang continued to teach undergraduates and take part in research. Colleagues remember his authority and deep curiosity. He believed education was not only about passing on knowledge, but about inspiring wonder — the same sense of wonder that had driven his own life’s work. 1．For what was Yang awarded the Nobel Prize? A．A remarkable discovery. B．A practical invention. C．A profound investigation. D．A long-held assumption. 2．What did Yang think of Paul Dirac’s equation? A．Clear yet time-consuming. B．Abstract yet inspiring. C．Exact and beautiful. D．Complex yet insightful. 3．What did Yang believe was an important part of education? A．Encouraging students to challenge authority. B．Motivating students to learn actively. C．Cultivating students’ problem-solving abilities. D．Training students to work independently. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Secrets Behind the Nobel Prize B．A Scientist’s Devotion to His Motherland C．Brilliant Discovery of Physics D．A Physicist of Beauty and Curiosity 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了著名物理学家杨振宁在物理学上的卓越成就、对科学美学的追求以及晚年回国培育人才的事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1957, Yang and fellow theoretical physicist Lee Tsung-Dao were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their parity violation theory (宇称不守恒定律).(1957年，杨和同为理论物理学家的李政道因其宇称不守恒定律而共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖)”可知，杨振宁因提出“宇称不守恒定律”这一重大发现而获得诺贝尔奖。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“To Yang, the Dirac equation was nothing short of a revelation — an expression of both scientific precision and poetic beauty.(对杨来说，狄拉克方程简直是一个启示——一种科学精确和诗意之美的表达)”可知，杨振宁认为狄拉克方程是科学精确性与诗意美的结合，即既精确又优美。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He believed education was not only about passing on knowledge, but about inspiring wonder — the same sense of wonder that had driven his own life’s work.(他认为教育不仅仅是传授知识，更是激发好奇心——正是这种好奇心推动了他毕生的工作)”可知，杨振宁认为教育不仅仅是传授知识，更重要的是激发学生的求知欲（好奇心），即激励学生主动学习。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲了杨振宁作为科学家的一生，第二、三段讲他的出生和获得诺贝尔奖的经历，第四段讲杨振宁的科学经历受到了很深的美学思想的影响，最后两段着重讲的是杨振宁回国后的贡献和在教育方面的付出。所以选D“A Physicist of Beauty and Curiosity(一位兼具美学追求与好奇心的物理学家)”作为文章标题最为合适。 Passage 2 （26-27高二上·云南德宏·开学考试）TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), a crucial new treatment for malaria (疟疾). Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract (提取物) from sweet wormwood (青蒿) to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” 1．Why did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? A．Because she found artemisinin to treat malaria. B．Because she worked in Beijing for many years. C．Because she wrote many ancient medical texts. D．Because she travelled to Hainan to see patients. 2．When did Tu Youyou’s team succeed in discovering the useful substance? A．In 1969 B．In 1955 C．In 1971 D．In 2015 3．What did Tu Youyou’s team do to make sure the medicine was safe? A．They only read old medical books. B．They tested the medicine on themselves. C．They gave up after 190 failures. D．They used high temperature to boil wormwood. 4．According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin is ______. A．her own big success B．a prize only for Chinese medicine C．an accident in Hainan D．a team effort 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了屠呦呦因发现青蒿素治疗疟疾而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的事迹，包括她的科研历程、研究方法以及她对这一成就的谦虚态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), a crucial new treatment for malaria (疟疾). (今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦（共同获奖者），她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现，这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新疗法。)”可知，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她发现了青蒿素来治疗疟疾。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. (在失败了190多次之后，团队终于在1971年取得了成功。)”可知，屠呦呦的团队在1971年成功发现了有用的物质。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. (屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保其安全性。)”可知，屠呦呦的团队通过在自己身上测试药物来确保药物是安全的。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. (据屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一项团队努力的成果。)”可知，屠呦呦认为青蒿素的发现是团队的努力。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东中山·阶段检测）For Katie Lewis, Ph.D．, every soil sample, every field trial and every long day in the West Texas sun comes down to one thing — helping farmers build a future that lasts. That commitment runs deep. Lewis grew up on a farm, married a farmer, and now raises her children on the same type of land her research aims to protect. Lewis, like many Texas farmers, has experienced firsthand the hardships and seasonal ups and downs of the market. As a Texas A&M AgriLife Research soil chemistry and fertility scientist, she works each day to ensure that future generations of Texas farmers can thrive. As a child, Katie Lewis carried around a cigar box with batteries and wires, begging her parents for an at-home science kit to feed her growing curiosity about how things worked. That wonder was inspired by a high school science teacher, who turned every lesson into a discovery. These influences didn’t just spark interest; they guided her clear choice of study in higher education. Lewis earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry, but her early years spent on a farm added a unique layer to her academic journey. Now in her 11th year with AgriLife Research, Lewis is looking for environmentally and economically sustainable management strategies for farmers and their cropping systems. More recently, Lewis is tackling carbon dynamics in semi-arid (半干旱) environments — work backed by more than $15 million in funding over the past few years. For Lewis, though, her impact isn’t only at the farm level; it scales through to the next generation of those who love the science. Her graduate training program has graduated 30 master’s students and 19 doctoral students, with six serving as scientists at land-grant institutions. “It is not just about the research,” Lewis said. “It’s about training the next generation of soil scientists to continue to be curious, think outside the box and find solutions to the challenges that agriculture faces.” 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Why soil science degrees matter to Lewis. B．How AgriLife Research helps local farmers. C．Why local farming faces seasonal hardships. D．How Lewis’ upbringing fueled her ambition. 2．How can Lewis be described as a student? A．Demanding. B．Self-motivated. C．Inspirational. D．Self-sacrificing. 3．What is Lewis’ research focus? A．Sustainable farming in severe places. B．Analyzing soil nutrients in a new way. C．Economical strategies for Texas farmers. D．Managing farm produce with efficiency. 4．Why did Lewis establish a graduate training program? A．To boost her impact in farming study. B．To advocate the research in agriculture. C．To expand the size of local institutions. D．To promote the idea of land protection. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了土壤科学家Katie Lewis的成长背景、研究重点及培养后继人才的使命。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Lewis grew up on a farm, married a farmer, and now raises her children on the same type of land her research aims to protect. Lewis, like many Texas farmers, has experienced firsthand the hardships and seasonal ups and downs of the market. (Lewis在农场长大，嫁给了一位农民，如今她就在自己研究致力于保护的那类土地上养育自己的孩子。和许多得克萨斯州的农民一样，Lewis亲身经历过市场带来的艰难困苦与季节性起伏波动。)”可知，本段讲述Lewis的成长经历如何激发了她的抱负。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As a child, Katie Lewis carried around a cigar box with batteries and wires, begging her parents for an at-home science kit to feed her growing curiosity about how things worked. (孩童时期的Katie Lewis随身带着一个装着电池和电线的雪茄盒，她央求父母给她买一套家用科学实验套装，以此满足自己对事物运作原理日益浓厚的好奇心。)”可知，学生时代的Lewis是主动求知、自我驱动的。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lewis is looking for environmentally and economically sustainable management strategies for farmers and their cropping systems. More recently, Lewis is tackling carbon dynamics in semi-arid (半干旱) environments (Lewis正在为农民及其种植体系探寻兼顾环境与经济效益的可持续管理策略。最近，她正着手研究半干旱环境下的碳动态变化)”可知，Lewis的研究重点是恶劣环境下的可持续农业。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““It is not just about the research,” Lewis said. “It’s about training the next generation of soil scientists to continue to be curious, think outside the box and find solutions to the challenges that agriculture faces.” (“这不仅仅关乎研究，”Lewis说道，“更在于培养下一代土壤科学家，让他们永葆好奇心、打破常规思维，为农业面临的种种难题找到解决办法。”)”可知，Lewis设立研究生培养项目是为倡导农业相关研究。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·湖南娄底·期末）On June 4, 2025, Wei Dongyi, a well-known mathematics professor at Peking University, launched his official social media account. Verified (证实) by the platform and supported by his family, the account shares mathematical knowledge, interacts with the public, and corrects false information. Wei is renowned for his exceptional mathematical abilities. As a high school student, he won two gold medals with full marks at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in 2008 and 2009, setting a Chinese record in the process. His unique “Wei Method” surprised his peers and experts alike. At the age of 28, he became a professor at Peking University, specializing in complex mathematical problems. His research has achieved significant breakthroughs, with publications in top-tier (顶尖的) academic journals. The new account posts math content suitable for all levels. His first video, in which he simply says, “Hello, I’m Wei Dongyi”, attracted over 10 million followers within three days (by June 7). Gaokao students flooded the comments section with exam-related wishes, turning it into a virtual “wishing pool”. Wei’s family emphasizes that the account is intended for sharing knowledge, not for making a profit. Despite his fame, he leads a modest lifestyle, often seen carrying steamed buns (馒头) and water, and remains focused on teaching. Through this initiative, Wei hopes to foster a love of math among young people. By sharing his expertise, he aims to inspire a deeper interest in the subject. 1．The underlined word “renowned” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．strict B．famous C．young D．careful 2．What can we learn about Wei Dongyi’s social media account? A．It was launched with the help of his students. B．It only shares advanced mathematical knowledge. C．It attracted 10 million followers on June 4, 2025. D．It aims to share knowledge and interact with the public. 3．Why did Gaokao students leave wishes in the comments section? A．They wanted to learn the “Wei Method” from Wei. B．They hoped to get good scores in the Gaokao. C．They wanted to ask Wei to solve math problems. D．They hoped Wei would share more exam tips. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Wei Dongyi’s great achievements in mathematics. B．Wei Dongyi’s modest lifestyle and teaching spirit. C．The launch of Wei Dongyi’s social media account and its purpose. D．How Wei Dongyi’s social media account became popular quickly. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了北京大学知名数学教授韦东奕开设社交媒体账号的相关情况，包括他的数学成就、账号的发布内容、开设目的以及账号受到的关注等。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Wei is renowned for his exceptional mathematical abilities. (韦东奕因其出众的数学才能而闻名。)”以及“As a high school student, he won two gold medals with full marks at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in 200 8 and 2009, setting a Chinese record in the process. His unique “Wei Method” surprised his peers and experts alike. (作为一名高中生，他在2008年和2009年的国际数学奥林匹克竞赛（IMO）中以满分获得两枚金牌，在此过程中创造了中国纪录。他独特的‘韦方法’让同行和专家都感到惊讶。)”可知，韦东奕在数学方面取得了卓越的成就，因为非凡的数学才能而闻名，所以“renowned”意思是“著名的”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Verified by the platform and supported by his family, the account shares mathematical knowledge, interacts with the public, and corrects false information. (该账号经平台认证、家人支持，分享数学知识，与公众互动，纠正不实信息。)”可知，韦东奕的社交媒体账号旨在分享知识、与公众互动。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Gaokao students flooded the comments section with exam-related wishes, turning it into a virtual ‘wishing pool’. (高考生在评论区刷屏留下与考试相关的祝福，将其变成了一个虚拟的‘许愿池’。)”可知，高考生留下祝福是希望能在高考中取得好成绩。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“On June 4, 2025, Wei Dongyi, a well-known mathematics professor at Peking University, launched his official social media account. (2025年6月4日，北京大学知名数学教授韦东奕开通了其官方社交媒体账号。)”，第四段中“Wei’s family emphasizes that the account is intended for sharing knowledge, not for making a profit. (韦东奕的家人强调，该账号旨在分享知识，而非盈利。)”以及最后一段中“Through this initiative, Wei hopes to foster a love of math among young people. (通过这一举措，韦东奕希望培养年轻人对数学的热爱。)”可知，本文主要讲述了韦东奕社交媒体账号的开通及其目的。故选C。 话题2 未来科技生活（共4篇） Passage 1 （26-27高二上·安徽阜阳·阶段检测）Researchers at the University of Waterloo showcased a smart fabric (织物) technology. This innovative material has been designed to convert both body heat and sunlight into electricity. Most wearable electronics today require external power or regular recharge, but this innovative fabric removes the need for batteries entirely. The researchers stress that this novel fabric is more stable, durable, and cost-effective than existing market choices. The functionality of the smart fabric can be enhanced when integrated with sensors. This way, the fabric can be used to monitor the heart rate and temperature, and even detect chemicals in your breath. The research team has successfully combined advanced materials like MXenes and conductive polymers using cutting-edge textile production methods. MXenes and conductive polymers are materials known for their high electrical conductivity and flexibility. By applying the sticky polydopamine layer to the nylon fabric, the team created a surface that attracts MXene particles through hydrogen bonds. This combined structure results in a stretchy thermoelectric fabric. “AI technology is evolving rapidly, providing complicated (复杂的) signal analysis for health monitoring, food and medicine storage, environmental monitoring, etc. However, this progress relies on extensive data collection, which conventional sensors, often large, heavy and costly, cannot achieve,” said Li, director of Waterloo's Printable Electronic Materials Lab. “Printed sensors, including those embedded in smart fabrics, are ideal for continuous data collection and monitoring. This new smart fabric is a step forward in making these applications practical.” The masks the fabric is embedded in can monitor the respiratory rate, while also detecting chemical indicators for viruses, lung cancer, and other diseases. This innovative fabric can also be used to assess joint health. Exceptional strain sensing capabilities of the MXene-based thermoelectric fabric facilitate the monitoring of joint conditions through its deformation. Even athletes can use this fabric to track their performance, eliminating large and heavy wearables. Up next, the team plans to enhance the performance of the fabric. They also have plans to develop a smartphone app that would collect and transmit health data directly to healthcare providers. This app could enable continuous health monitoring. 1．What is a feature of the newly developed fabric? A．It can power itself. B．It uses recyclable materials. C．It contains a rechargeable battery. D．It can detect harmful chemicals in the air. 2．What can be inferred about traditional sensors? A．They are cost-effective. B．They enable health checks. C．They are complex to produce. D．They fail to collect extensive data. 3．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Ironing. B．Wasting. C．Removing. D．Maintaining. 4．What does the research team intend to do next according to the text? A．Develop a new type of battery. B．Market the fabric to the public. C．Build an app to collect and transmit data. D．Cut the production cost of the fabric. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍一种新研发的智能织物能将体热和阳光转化为电能，并可与传感器相结合以便监测多项健康指标。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段第2、3句“This innovative material has been designed to convert both body heat and sunlight into electricity. Most wearable electronics today require external power or regular recharge, but this innovative fabric removes the need for batteries entirely.(这种创新材料专为将人体热量和阳光转化为电能而设计。目前大多数可穿戴电子设备都需要外部电源或定期充电，而这种创新面料则完全无需电池)”可知，这种新研发的织物能将体热和阳光转化为电，完全不需要电池。由此可知，它可以为自己供电。 2．推理判断题。根据第3段第2句“However, this progress relies on extensive data collection, which conventional sensors, often large, heavy and costly, cannot achieve(然而，这一进展依赖于大量数据的收集，而传统传感器通常体积大、重量重且成本高，无法实现这一点)”可知，传统传感器无法收集大量数据。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Even athletes can use this fabric to track their performance, eliminating large and heavy wearables.(即使是运动员也可以使用这种面料来追踪自身表现，eliminating笨重的可穿戴设备)”可知，运动员可以使用这种织物来跟踪他们的表现，从而不需要又大又重的可穿戴设备。由此可推测eliminating意为“排除”。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段第2句“They also have plans to develop a smartphone app that would collect and transmit health data directly to healthcare providers.(他们还计划开发一款智能手机应用程序，用于直接收集并传输健康数据至医疗机构)”可知，该研究小组接下来打算开发一个用于收集和传输数据的应用程序。 Passage 2 （26-27高二上·湖北十堰·阶段检测）Step, shake, clap. A group of teenagers moves to the beat. In a video of their dance, colorful starbursts (星状亮光) break out from their hands. These girls created their own moves. For the video, they also coded (编码) visual effects that respond to those movements. “If you put your right hand in the air, you could trigger (触发) lightning to come down,” says engineer Kayla DesPortes, who studies ways to teach computing. The teenagers created these flashy effects with a technology called danceON. They have been learning to use this tool at a yearly summer program called STEM From Dance. DesPortes always wants to explore new ways to use technology. When she got a chance to start working with STEM From Dance, she was very excited. Girls in this program work together to create dances while using technology to express themselves. Unfortunately, DesPortes found that the existing tech-teaching tools were “really bad for anything having to do with body and movement.” Thus, she set out to design one herself. It had to be easy for anyone to start using—and push them to learn new things. That’s how she became part of a team that developed danceON. Since then, DesPortes has been developing a new tool: DanceBits. Its wearable system of sensors connects to lights. Dancers can program the lights ahead of time. Or, they can tap the sensors while dancing to turn lights on or off — even to change color. This lets dancers experiment, create, and play with the technology and movement, DesPortes explains. What DesPortes is doing helps more people get involved in science through a creative approach. This expands what science can be and who it can reach. “If you only teach code on a computer screen, you’ve limited what it means,” says DesPortes. “You’ve created a wall that keeps some people out of technology. However, taking code and electronics into a dance changes things. We can break down these walls.” 1．What can be learned about the girls in the video from paragraph 1? A．They bettered their dance with coding. B．They were teaching computing at a camp. C．They loved the dance created by DesPortes. D．They were preparing for a dance competition. 2．What did DesPortes expect danceON to be when designing it? A．Lightweight. B．Groundbreaking. C．User-friendly. D．Cost-effective. 3．What do we know about DanceBits? A．It encourages dancers to work as a team. B．It assists dance teachers in the classroom. C．It helps dancers express themselves creatively. D．It deepens dancers’ understanding of their body. 4．What does DesPortes think of her current work? A．It needs greater attention. B．It makes science more accessible. C．It is game-changing for dance teaching. D．It reflects the progress of modern technology. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍工程师DesPortes研发科技工具，将编程、电子技术与舞蹈结合，打破科技学习壁垒，让更多人以创新方式接触科学。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These girls created their own moves. For the video, they also coded (编码) visual effects that respond to those movements. (这些女孩创作了自己的舞步。为了制作视频，她们还编写了响应这些动作的视觉特效代码)”可知，女孩们用编码来提升她们的舞蹈效果。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It had to be easy for anyone to start using—and push them to learn new things. That’s how she became part of a team that developed danceON. (它必须让任何人都容易上手使用——并推动他们学习新事物。就这样，她成为了开发danceON团队的一员)”可知，DesPortes设计danceON时希望它方便用户使用。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This lets dancers experiment, create, and play with the technology and movement, DesPortes explains. (DesPortes解释说，这让舞者可以实验、创造，并借助科技与肢体进行创作)”可知，DanceBits帮助舞者创造性地表达自我。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What DesPortes is doing helps more people get involved in science through a creative approach. This expands what science can be and who it can reach. (DesPortes所做的工作通过创造性方式帮助更多人参与科学。这拓展了科学的内涵及其受众范围)”和DesPortes的话“You’ve created a wall that keeps some people out of technology. However, taking code and electronics into a dance changes things. We can break down these walls. (你筑起了一道墙，将某些人挡在技术之外。然而，将代码和电子元件融入舞蹈会改变这一切。我们可以打破这些壁垒)”可知，DesPortes认为她的工作可以打破技术壁垒，让科学更容易被大众接触。 Passage 3 （2026·山东济南·模拟预测）Feeling thirsty? Drawing clean water directly from the air is possible, as even extremely dry regions contain some moisture (水汽). Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days. To break this bottleneck, MIT engineers Ikra Shuvo and Svetlana Boriskina identified a much faster method. Instead of heating the water-absorbing materials to release water, they use high-frequency ultrasonic (超声波的) vibrations to shake the moisture loose. These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops. The new approach elegantly bypasses the materials’ unyielding nature. “Any material that is very good at absorbing water doesn’t want to part with it,” explains Boriskina. “So you normally need to put a lot of energy into pulling water out.” With ultrasound, this process is completely transformed. Lab tests show this method is about 45 times more efficient than traditional heating, freeing the trapped water in mere minutes. This breakthrough overturns the assumption that AWH systems must absorb moisture overnight and depend on passive sunlight during the day. Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night. The project’s ultimate purpose goes far beyond laboratory efficiency. Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air. 1．What does “this bottleneck” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The lack of water in dry regions. B．The huge cost of current devices. C．The slow process of releasing water. D．The poor performance of the materials. 2．How do the ultrasound waves release water from the materials? A．By heating the watery materials. B．By overcoming the trapping force. C．By breaking water into small drops. D．By changing the materials’ property. 3．What activates the new device automatically? A．An electronic sensor. B．A water cycling setup. C．Insufficient water absorption. D．Continuous sunlight exposure. 4．What does Boriskina highlight regarding the project in the last paragraph? A．Its further research. B．Its practical potential. C．Its current limitations. D．Its technical improvements. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院工程师研发出一种全新的大气集水技术。 1．词句猜测题。根据上第一段“Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days.(在过去几年里，研究人员研发出了海绵状材料。这类材料通过吸收水汽，让“大气集水”（AWH）成为可能。然而，提取这些捕获的水分通常需要加热，并且要等待很长时间。目前大多数系统依靠阳光来加热这些材料。这个缓慢的步骤可能需要数小时，甚至会延长至数日。)”可知，上文提到传统技术收集水汽之后，释放水的过程很慢，耗时很久。this bottleneck 指代前文这个缓慢的释水过程。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops.(这些声波经过精准调谐，可以破坏将水分子固定住的弱化学键。这种定向扰动会产生足够的力量释放水分，将水以小液滴的形式抖落出来。)”可知，超声波打破束缚水分子的弱键，也就是克服锁住水分子的束缚力，从而释放水分。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night.(这套系统由一块小型太阳能电池供电。该电池既能供电，又可充当传感器，检测材料何时吸满水分。一旦收集到足够的水，系统就会自动启动，让整套装置能够昼夜循环运行。)”可知，新装置的小型太阳能电池同时充当电子传感器让新设备自动启动。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air.(博里斯基娜指出，这项技术能够为缺乏淡水的偏远社区提供可靠的饮用水源。随着全球水危机不断加剧，这项创新带来了一丝希望，它或许能从稀薄的空气中获取救命的水源。)”可知，在最后一段，Boriskina 着重强调项目的实际应用潜能。 Passage 4 （26-27高二上·湖南株洲·开学考试）Picture a paper lantern glowing softly and swaying gently in the breeze. Now imagine that lantern is made of a smart polymer (聚合物) and able to twist, compress, and snap into over a dozen different shapes on command. Most astonishingly, it can do all this through the invisible pull of a magnetic field. It’s a real scientific breakthrough from researchers at North Carolina State University. The polymer lantern can rest naturally in two stable shapes: a relaxed, lantern-like form and a compressed, spinning-top-like shape. When you push down on it, it slowly buckles (变形), storing energy like a spring until it suddenly “snaps” into its second form. Released it, and that stored energy bursts free, snapping it back into its original lantern shape instantly. By twisting it, folding its top and bottom strips inward or outward, or combining these deformations, the researchers found they could create various shapes. By attaching a thin layer of magnetic film to the base, the team made it possible to twist or compress the lantern without touching it. With this capability, the lantern can perform work, move, and interact with its environment. To demonstrate this potential, the researchers designed a noninvasive soft gripper (夹子) that could gently grasp fish underwater without harm, and built a smart filter that could open and close to regulate water flow. Each demonstration revealed how this mechanism could translate stored energy into motion, offering precision and speed. To fully understand and control this lantern’s behavior, the team developed a mathematical model, which describes how changes in the lantern’s design — the angles, lengths, and curvatures of its ribbons and strips — affect both its shape and its ability to store and release energy. The researchers can design it to hold more or less energy, to snap more forcefully or more gently, and to change shapes in specific ways. By arranging multiple lantern units together, the researchers envision entire surfaces or structures that can fold, roll, expand, or contract like living tissue. “Moving forward, these lantern units can be assembled into 2D and 3D architectures for broad applications in mechanical materials and robotics,” says Professor Jie Yin, the study’s senior researcher. 1．What can we learn about the polymer lantern? A．It is windproof. B．It is adjustable. C．It is equipped with a spring. D．It is made of a new material. 2．What did the demonstrations of the gripper and filter indicate about the polymer lantern? A．Its mechanism is workable. B．Its energy is harmless. C．Its design is complicated. D．Its material is sustainable. 3．Why did the researchers create the mathematical model? A．To prove benefits of using the lantern. B．To test the stability of every lantern shape. C．To present various applications of the lantern. D．To show effects of different design patterns of the lantern. 4．What is Professor Jie Yin’s attitude to the future broad use of the lantern units? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了北卡罗来纳州立大学研究人员开发的一种智能聚合物灯笼，它能在磁场控制下变形并应用于机器人等领域。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“By twisting it, folding its top and bottom strips inward or outward, or combining these deformations, the researchers found they could create various shapes. (通过扭转它、将上下条带向内或向外折叠，或结合这些变形，研究人员发现他们可以创造出各种形状)”可知，聚合物灯笼是可调节的。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“To demonstrate this potential, the researchers designed a noninvasive soft gripper (夹子) that could gently grasp fish underwater without harm, and built a smart filter that could open and close to regulate water flow. Each demonstration revealed how this mechanism could translate stored energy into motion, offering precision and speed. (为了展示这一潜力，研究人员设计了一种非侵入式软夹子，能够在水下轻柔地抓取鱼类而不造成伤害，并制造了一种可开关以调节水流的智能过滤器。每项演示都揭示了这种机制如何将储存的能量转化为运动，兼具精确性和速度)”可知，夹子和过滤器的演示表明聚合物灯笼的机制是可行的。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To fully understand and control this lantern’s behavior, the team developed a mathematical model, which describes how changes in the lantern’s design — the angles, lengths, and curvatures of its ribbons and strips — affect both its shape and its ability to store and release energy. (为了充分理解和控制灯笼的行为，团队开发了一个数学模型，描述了灯笼设计中的变化——其条带和带子的角度、长度和曲率——如何影响其形状及其储存和释放能量的能力)”可知，研究人员创建数学模型是为了展示灯笼不同设计模式的效果。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Professor Jie Yin的话“Moving forward, these lantern units can be assembled into 2D and 3D architectures for broad applications in mechanical materials and robotics (展望未来，这些灯笼单元可以组装成二维和三维结构，广泛应用于机械材料和机器人领域)”可推知，Professor Jie Yin对未来广泛应用持充满希望的态度。 话题3 公园自然风光（共4篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·海南儋州·期中）For many people, parks are more than just green spaces. They are places to relax, explore and connect with nature. Around the world, there are many fascinating parks that surprise visitors in different ways Zhangjiajie Forest Park in China is one such amazing place. Famous for its tall, sharp mountains and thick forests, it looks like a picture from a fairy tale. The mountains rise high into the clouds, and clear streams run through the woods. Walking on the small paths, visitors can enjoy fresh air and the sounds of birds. Many young people love to take photos here, as the views are truly unforgettable. Another wonderful park is Banff National Park in Canada. It has clean blue lakes, high snow-covered mountains and wide grasslands. In summer, people go hiking or boating on the lakes. In winter, the park turns into a great place for skiing. No matter when you visit, it always shows its natural beauty. Visiting these parks helps people take a break from busy city life. They not only provide beautiful scenes but also teach people to love and protect nature. Whether it is a large national park or a small neighborhood park, each has its own special charm. These amazing places make us understand how valuable and beautiful our natural world is. 1．Why did the writer say parks are more than just green spaces? A．They have very tall buildings. B．They help people relax and get close to nature. C．They are always crowded with people D．They are only good for taking photos. 2．What is Zhangjiajie Forest Park Known for? A．snow-covered mountains. B．thick woods and sharp mountains. C．blue lakes and grasslands. D．small paths for walking. 3．What can we learn about Banff National Park? A．It only looks beautiful in summer. B．It is a small park in China, C．People can enjoy different activities there. D．It is covered with snow all year round 4．What are the benefits of parks according to the author? A．All small neighborhood parks are more attractive than big ones. B．They stop people from living a busy city life. C．They have people realize the value and beauty of nature. D．They fully change people's opinions on city development. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】文章介绍了世界各地令人惊叹的公园，重点描述了中国张家界森林公园和加拿大班夫国家公园的自然美景和活动，强调了公园对人们放松身心、亲近自然和保护环境的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They are places to relax, explore and connect with nature. (它们是放松、探索和亲近自然的地方。)”可知，公园不仅仅是绿地，更是帮助人们放松和亲近自然的场所。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Zhangjiajie Forest Park in China is one such amazing place. Famous for its tall, sharp mountains and thick forests, it looks like a picture from a fairy tale. (中国张家界森林公园便是这样一个令人惊叹的地方。以其高耸陡峭的山脉和茂密的森林而闻名，看起来像童话中的画面。)”可知，张家界森林公园以茂密的树林和陡峭的山脉闻名。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Another wonderful park is Banff National Park in Canada. (另一个令人惊叹的公园是加拿大的班夫国家公园。)”和“In summer, people go hiking or boating on the lakes. In winter, the park turns into a great place for skiing. (夏天，人们去徒步旅行或在湖上划船。冬天，公园变成滑雪的好地方。)”可知，班夫国家公园有不同的活动。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“These amazing places make us understand how valuable and beautiful our natural world is. (这些令人惊叹的地方让我们了解我们的自然世界是多么珍贵和美丽。)”可知，公园让人们认识到自然的价值和美丽。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·云南昆明·期末）Best Theme Parks in the World Looking to experience a wave of excitement? Discover our selection of the best theme parks in the world. Whether you’re discovering magical characters or enjoying the thrills of an exciting ride, theme parks offer a great day out for adults and children alike. Disneyland Resort Opened in 1955, Disneyland Resort has two parks in Anaheim, USA．Disneyland Park is the original home of Disney-themed lands. And it’s your chance to experience famous attractions like Pirates of the Caribbean, the Haunted Mansion, and Star Wars Galaxy Edge. Go on an adventure with live shows from the characters of Frozen and meet a range of Disney characters. Disney California Adventure Park has something for all ages. Tivoli Gardens Old meets new at Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark, an amusement park that first opened in 1843. It sits right in the center of the city and has a range of rides, games, musicals, gardens and major concerts. With its grand status, it’s no wonder Tivoli Gardens is considered one of the best theme parks in the world. Hersheypark Located in Pennsylvania, USA, Hersheypark opened in 1906 and was originally built for employees of the Hershey chocolate company. Today, this award-winning park continues to attract visitors from around the world, offering a mix of thrilling rides, family-friendly attractions, and unique chocolate-themed experiences. Puy du Fou Puy du Fou is a historical theme park in Western France with its origins dating back to 1972 and was chosen one of the best theme parks in the world. Go back to the ancient times and commit yourself in French history with a range of exciting shows like The Phantom Birds Dance. 1．Which theme park has the longest history? A．Disneyland Resort. B．Tivoli Gardens. C．Hersheypark. D．Puy du Fou. 2．What is a feature of Hersheypark? A．It is located in a city centre. B．It focuses on historical experiences. C．It has Disney-themed attractions. D．It offers chocolate-related activities. 3．What can visitors do in Puy du Fou? A．Watch a Frozen live show. B．Appreciate a range of concerts. C．Learn about French history. D．Meet a variety of Disney characters. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了世界上四个最佳主题公园，包括它们的历史、位置及各自独特的特色和游玩项目。 1．细节理解题。根据文中各公园的开放时间：Disneyland Resort “Opened in 1955(1955年开放)”、Tivoli Gardens “first opened in 1843(1843年首次开放)”、Hersheypark “opened in 1906(1906年开放)”、Puy du Fou “its origins dating back to 1972(起源于1972年)”可知，Tivoli Gardens开放时间最早，历史最悠久。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Hersheypark中的“Today, this award-winning park continues to attract visitors from around the world, offering a mix of thrilling rides, family-friendly attractions, and unique chocolate-themed experiences.(如今，这个屡获殊荣的公园继续吸引着来自世界各地的游客，提供令人兴奋的游乐设施、适合家庭的景点以及独特的巧克力主题体验)”可知，Hersheypark的一个特色是提供与巧克力相关的活动。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据Puy du Fou中的“Go back to the ancient times and commit yourself in French history with a range of exciting shows like The Phantom Birds Dance.(回到古代，通过一系列激动人心的表演，如《幻影鸟之舞》，沉浸在法国历史中)”可知，游客在Puy du Fou可以了解法国历史。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·福建福州·期末）Banff National Park is Canada’s firstborn national park and was recognized in 1885. Located in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Banff includes 6,641 square kilometers of glaciers and ice fields, thick forests, and alpine (高山的) scenery. The Icefields Park-way spreads from Lake Louise, connecting to Jasper National Park in the north. Provincial forests and Yoho National Park are neighbors to the west while Kootenay National Park is situated to the south. The main commercial center of the park is the town of Banff, in the Bow River valley. The Canadian Pacific Railway was contributory in Banff’s early years, building the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise hotel in the park and attracting tourists through widespread advertising. In the early 20th century, roads were built in Banff, at times by prisoners of World War I, and through Great Depression-era public works projects. As Banff has over three million visitors annually, the health of its ecology has been endangered. In the mid-1990s, Parks Canada launched a two-year study to preserve ecological integrity. Banff National Park has a subarctic climate with three ecoregions. The forests feature pine trees at lower heights and Engelmann spruce at higher ones below the tree line, above which are chiefly rocks and ice. Mammal species such as the grizzly bear, cougar, wolverine, moose and bighorn sheep are found along with hundreds of bird species. Reptiles (爬行动物) are also found but only a restricted number of species have been recorded. The mountains were formed from sedimentary rocks (沉积岩) which were pushed east over newer rock formations, between 80 and 55 million years ago. Over the previous few million years, glaciers have at times covered most of the park, but today are found only on the mountainsides though they include the Columbia Icefield, the largest continuous glacial mass in the Rockies. Being washed and crashed by water and ice has molded the mountains into their current appearance. 1．What can we infer about Banff National Park? A．It was built mainly by prisoners. B．It is connected to three provincial parks. C．It is the oldest national park in Canada. D．It failed to meet visitors’ commercial needs. 2．What was a contribution of the Canadian Pacific Railway? A．Building roads in Banff. B．Preserving the ecology of Banff. C．Constructing hotels in Banff. D．Providing multiple railways to Banff. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The limited knowledge of reptiles. B．The biodiversity of Banff. C．The region’s severe living conditions. D．The complex climate system of Banff. 4．What does the underlined word “molded” most probably mean? A．Stuck. B．Broken. C．Followed. D．Shaped. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加拿大班夫国家公园的地理位置、发展历史、生态环境、生物多样性及山脉形成过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Banff National Park is Canada’s firstborn national park and was recognized in 1885. (班夫国家公园是加拿大最早建立的国家公园，于1885年被认证)”可知，它是加拿大最古老的国家公园。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Canadian Pacific Railway was contributory in Banff’s early years, building the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise hotel in the park and attracting tourists through widespread advertising. (加拿大太平洋铁路公司在班夫早期发展中贡献突出，在公园内修建了班夫温泉酒店和露易丝湖城堡酒店，并通过广泛宣传吸引游客)”可知，该铁路公司在班夫修建了酒店。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Banff National Park has a subarctic climate with three ecoregions. The forests feature pine trees at lower heights and Engelmann spruce at higher ones below the tree line, above which are chiefly rocks and ice. Mammal species such as the grizzly bear, cougar, wolverine, moose and bighorn sheep are found along with hundreds of bird species. Reptiles (爬行动物) are also found but only a restricted number of species have been recorded. (班夫国家公园属于亚北极气候，有三个生态区。森林以树线以下较低高度的松树和较高高度的恩格尔曼云杉为特色，树线以上主要是岩石和冰。灰熊、美洲狮、狼獾、驼鹿和大角羊等哺乳动物物种以及数百种鸟类被发现。爬行动物也被发现，但记录的物种数量有限)”可知，本段主要介绍了班夫国家公园的气候、森林、多种哺乳动物、鸟类以及少量爬行动物，即该公园的生物多样性。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Being washed and crashed by water and ice has molded the mountains into their current appearance. (被水和冰的冲刷与侵蚀使得这些山脉molded如今的样貌)”可知，被水和冰冲刷撞击使山脉形成现在的外观，说明molded意为“塑造、使成形”，与shaped意思相近。故选D项。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·河北·期中）In Jakarta, Indonesia, the revival of Tebet Eco Park stands as a testament to the transformative power of landscape architecture and urban planning. Led by SIURA Studio, this project demonstrates how a once declining public park can be restored into a bright and colorful community space with a strong focus on ecological restoration and social inclusion. Tebet Eco Park underwent a remarkable transformation within just 15 months. The project aimed to address various challenges such as environmental, flooding, and social issues. By adopting an ecological landscape design approach, the park’s ecology was revived, with a particular emphasis on conserving trees and enhancing blue-green infrastructure (基础设施). One of the key interventions involved the renaturalization of the park’s waterway, which had previously been heavily polluted and likely to suffer from flooding. Through nature-based solutions, such as riparian (河边的) vegetation and changing waterways, the once polluted canal was transformed into a prosperous ecosystem. This updated waterway not only improves water quality but also enhances the park’s adaptability to flooding. The project prioritized sustainability by minimizing landscape interventions and reusing existing materials. Over 1,500 trees were surveyed and preserved, while dug-out materials were repurposed for park construction. Unhealthy trees were either relocated or upcycled into park furniture, promoting resource efficiency and minimizing waste. Tebet Eco Park now serves as a center for recreational, educational, and social activities, accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds. This inclusive design approach boosts social well-being and strengthens community ties. To improve accessibility, a pedestrian (行人) bridge was constructed to connect previously separated areas of the park. Designed with minimal environmental impact in mind, the bridge encourages park users to explore the entire space while preserving existing trees and habitats. The completion of Tebet Eco Park represents a significant milestone in Jakarta’s urban development journey. By seamlessly integrating ecological restoration with recreational spaces, the park promotes equity and harmony between humans and nature. It serves as a blueprint for future public park design, demonstrating the potential for sustainable urban regeneration and community agency. 1．What was the main purpose of transforming Tebet Eco Park? A．To expand the park’s area. B．To create a new tourist attraction. C．To build more recreational facilities. D．To solve environmental and social problems. 2．How did the project deal with the polluted waterway? A．By building a large dam. B．By using nature-based solutions. C．By pumping out all the water. D．By introducing foreign species. 3．What did the project do to promote sustainability? A．It cut down old trees to plant new ones. B．It used new materials for all constructions. C．It preserved most trees and reuses materials. D．It ignored the existing landscape completely. 4．What can we learn about Tebet Eco Park from the text? A．It has no measures to prevent flooding. B．It only focuses on ecological protection. C．It has become an inclusive community center. D．It took two years to complete the transformation. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚雅加达的Tebet生态公园的复兴项目，该项目由SIURA Studio领导，通过景观设计和城市规划，将一个曾经衰败的公园转变为一个充满活力、色彩缤纷的社区空间，同时注重生态恢复和社会包容性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The project aimed to address various challenges such as environmental, flooding, and social issues.(该项目旨在应对各类挑战，包括环境问题、洪水问题及社会问题。)”可知，改造Tebet生态公园的主要目的是解决环境和社会问题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Through nature-based solutions, such as riparian vegetation and changing waterways, the once polluted canal was transformed into a prosperous ecosystem.(通过基于自然的解决方案，如河岸植被和改变水道，曾经被污染的运河被转变为一个繁荣的生态系统。)”可知，项目通过使用基于自然的解决方案来处理被污染的水道。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The project prioritized sustainability by minimizing landscape interventions and reusing existing materials. Over 1,500 trees were surveyed and preserved, while dug-out materials were repurposed for park construction.(该项目通过尽量减少景观干预和重复使用现有材料来优先考虑可持续性。对1500多棵树进行了调查并保留，同时挖掘出的材料被重新用于公园建设。)”可知，项目为促进可持续发展保留了大部分树木并重复使用材料。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Tebet Eco Park now serves as a center for recreational, educational, and social activities, accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds. This inclusive design approach boosts social well-being and strengthens community ties.(Tebet生态公园现在是一个娱乐、教育和社交活动的中心，供所有年龄和背景的人使用。这种包容性的设计方法提高了社会福祉，加强了社区联系。)”可推知，Tebet生态公园已经成为一个包容性的社区中心。故选C。 话题4 肢体语言交际（共4篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·广东梅州·期中）People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified (多样化) these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1．The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．consider facial expressions universally reliable B．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 2．What were the people asked to do in the study? A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 3．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．examine the eyes more attentively B．study the mouth more frequently C．perform translation more successfully D．read facial expressions more correctly 4．What key weakness might critics highlight about the study’s design? A．Dependence on subjective emotion categorization. B．Use of posed photos instead of natural expressions. C．Lack of more diverse American cultural groups. D．Failure to track eye movements during observation. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了研究发现东西方人识别面部表情存在文化差异，西方人侧重整张脸，东方人侧重眼睛且错误率更高，面部表情并非跨文化通用的情绪信号。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段““We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.”(“我们证明，东亚人和西方人在解读面部表情时关注的面部特征有所不同，”杰克说，“西方人对眼睛和嘴巴的关注程度相当，而东亚人则更注重眼睛，忽视嘴巴。”)”可知，西方人会同等关注眼睛和嘴巴，东方人则更侧重眼睛、忽略嘴巴。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的).(研究人员通过记录13名西方白人和13名东亚人在观看表情丰富的人脸图片时的眼动轨迹，研究了文化差异对面部表情识别的影响，并将这些表情分类为：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中性。)”可知，参与者需要观察表情图片，并将其归入快乐、悲伤、惊讶等不同类别，也就是对人脸图片进行分类。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.(格拉斯哥大学的研究员拉切尔·杰克表示，东亚人会将注意力集中在眼睛上，而不是像西方人会均匀扫视整个面部。)”以及第六段中“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(结果表明，东方人对眼睛的注意力要比西方人集中得多，犯的错误也明显多于西方人。)”可知，相比西方人，东方人会更细致地观察眼睛区域。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.(研究人员通过记录13名西方白人和13名东亚人在观看表情丰富的人脸图片时的眼动轨迹，研究了文化差异对面部表情识别的影响，并将这些表情分类为：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中性。他们比较了参与者使用各自特有的眼动策略解读这些面部表情的准确程度。)”可知，研究中的西方参与者仅包含13名西方白人，样本的族群与文化构成非常单一，缺乏更多元的美国文化群体作为支撑，会影响研究结论的普适性，这是研究设计的核心短板。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·云南文山·阶段检测）Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue is a fascinating book, exploring the silent language we all speak — the gestures, postures and expressions represented in over two hundred artworks from galleries worldwide. This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. In these artistic representations of non-verbal communication, we recognize universal human experiences that cross cultural and historical boundaries. In this “visual guide to body language”, artworks are carefully selected and arranged to highlight connections across different periods and societies. We observe scenes of people interacting in various social situations — from formal handshakes in business settings to intimate embraces between loved ones. Individuals are portrayed in numerous positions — leaning forward in interest, crossing arms in defense, or nodding in agreement. Though these artworks might have been created centuries apart, they capture moments of human interaction that remain familiar to us all. Body language in artworks often serves to reveal the inner world of the subjects — their confidence, anxiety, or social status. Before the scientific study of non-verbal communication, artists intuitively (凭直觉地) understood and captured these subtle signals in their works. In contemporary art, as our understanding of body language has deepened, artists have become more intentional in using gestures and postures as primary elements in their creations — making body language itself the subject matter of their works. Some might assume that in our digital age of video calls and virtual meetings, the study of physical body language has become less relevant. From a modern perspective, while technology has changed how we communicate, non-verbal communication remains as significant as any emoji or digital reaction. To fully understand human interaction, we must observe the physical dimension: the eye contact, the postures, and the gestures employed during conversation. And compared to our increasingly digital communications where expressions can be hidden, in-person interaction still provides the richest, most immediate understanding of unspoken feelings. 1．What is one purpose of the book Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue? A．To argue that digital communication is less effective. B．To list the most valuable artworks in world galleries. C．To teach artists how to create better body language in their works. D．To enable ordinary readers to understand human behavior through artworks. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “depictions”? A．Intentions. B．Representations. C．Shortages. D．Conclusions. 3．What can we learn about body language in artworks from different periods? A．They all show negative emotions of the subjects. B．They can’t be understood by people in modern times. C．They have completely different meanings in different times. D．They present moments of human interaction familiar to us all. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．It is difficult to discover intentionally hidden emotions. B．Digital reaction will replace face-to-face communication. C．Body language is still of great importance even in the digital age. D．Eye contact is the first step to reveal the personal feelings. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了《肢体语言：无声的对话》一书，介绍该书以世界各地艺术作品为载体解读肢体语言，阐述不同时代艺术作品中肢体语言的共通内涵，并论证在数字化时代，肢体语言依旧具备重要的沟通价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. (这部作品旨在通过对不同文化的肢体语言进行艺术描绘，让普通读者理解人类行为)”可知，这本书的创作目的是帮助普通读者借助艺术作品理解人类行为。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. (这部作品旨在通过对不同文化的肢体语言进行艺术depictions，让普通读者理解人类行为)”以及后文“In these artistic representations of non-verbal communication (在这些非语言交流的艺术呈现中)”可知，前后两句句式一致、语义呼应。depictions和representations表达同一含义，均指“描绘、呈现”。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Though these artworks might have been created centuries apart, they capture moments of human interaction that remain familiar to us all. (尽管这些艺术品的创作时间可能相隔数百年，但它们捕捉的人类互动瞬间，依旧是我们所有人都熟悉的场景)”可知，不同时期艺术作品中的肢体语言展现了大众熟悉的人类互动瞬间。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“while technology has changed how we communicate, non-verbal communication remains as significant as any emoji or digital reaction. (虽然科技改变了我们的沟通方式，但非语言交流依旧和任何表情符号或数字化反馈同等重要)”可知，本段主要讲述即使在数字时代，肢体语言依然至关重要。 Passage 3 （25-26高二下·河北廊坊·期中）A long face is not the only sign that someone is down. A recent study found how people walk is revealing too, particularly the swing of the arms and legs. “Walking is one of the most familiar and well-practiced whole-body movements for humans,” said Mina Wakabayashi, the lead author of the study. “Because of this, changes in emotional state may naturally appear in the way we walk. In our results, movements with larger arm and leg swings were more likely to be perceived as angry, whereas movements with smaller swings were more likely to be perceived as sad or fearful.” During the research, the scientists asked actors to recall life events that caused anger, happiness, fear or sadness and then walk a short distance while keeping each memory in mind. The participants wore tight clothing and reflective markers, allowing the researchers to create point-light videos from the side and front which captured their way of walking without their facial expressions and other bodily cues. Volunteers then watched the videos and declared what emotion each pace brought. They recognized all of the portrayed emotions better than chance. “To some degree, the walkers’ intended emotions were indeed perceived by the observers,” the researchers wrote in Royal Society Open Science. A second experiment tried to determine specific movements that gave away the walkers’ emotions. To do this, the researchers took walking videos from people without extreme emotions and edited the videos to increase or reduce the arm and leg swinging. Again, the observers saw more pronounced swinging as angry, with less seen as sad or fearful. Emotions are likely to influence all manner of other ways in which people move their bodies, and researchers hope to explore these in future work. “Being able to infer emotions from body movement may help us understand others quickly during social interactions, even without words,” Wakabayash said. That could mean spotting people’s emotions from afar and changing how we approach them, depending on whether they seem angry or sad. 1．How do annoyed people tend to walk according to the study? A．With smaller arm and leg swings. B．With larger arm and leg swings. C．With quicker and lighter steps. D．With longer and firmer paces. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Actors are full of emotions. B．Researchers prefer using videos. C．The participants were casually dressed. D．The results matched researchers’ prediction. 3．What does the second experiment focus on? A．The link between certain action and emotion. B．The anger most people feel when walking. C．The ability of people to control feelings. D．The accuracy of emotion experiments. 4．What will the researchers explore next? A．Skills to improve social communication. B．Methods of controlling one’s own emotions. C．The connection between walking and health. D．Other body movements affected by emotions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了人们的走路姿势，特别是手臂和腿部的摆动幅度，可以反映出其内心的情绪状态，相关实验证明了情绪与身体动作之间存在密切关联。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In our results, movements with larger arm and leg swings were more likely to be perceived as angry, whereas movements with smaller swings were more likely to be perceived as sad or fearful.(在我们的研究结果中，手臂和腿部摆动幅度较大的动作更有可能被视为愤怒，而摆动幅度较小的动作则更有可能被视为悲伤或恐惧)”可知，生气的人走路时手臂和腿部的摆动幅度更大。 2． 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To some degree, the walkers’ intended emotions were indeed perceived by the observers(在某种程度上，观察者确实感知到了行走者想要传达的情感)”可推断，观察者准确识别出行走者想要表达的情绪，说明结果符合研究者的预期。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A second experiment tried to determine specific movements that gave away the walkers’ emotions.(第二项实验试图确定哪些特定动作会暴露步行者的情绪)”可知，第二个实验旨在明确特定动作与情绪之间的对应关系。 4．细节理解题。根据末段中的“Emotions are likely to influence all manner of other ways in which people move their bodies, and researchers hope to explore these in future work.(情绪很可能会影响人们身体动作的其他各种方式，研究人员希望在未来的工作中探索这些方面)”可知，研究者下一步将探索受情绪影响的其他身体动作。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·江西宜春·阶段检测）Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a “poker face”, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) say that wearing your heart on your face could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation (谈判) task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that agreeable, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationships and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative (有亲和力的) function”, or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”, suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to interpret. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well-liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working on your behalf. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By making a comparison. B．By giving an example. C．By providing a definition. D．By listing statistics. 2．What may facial expressiveness act as in negotiation settings? A．A method to hide personality. B．A way to frighten competitors. C．A strategy to settle disagreement. D．A tool to show personal qualities. 3．What is a common misunderstanding about “poker face” according to the passage? A．It helps people gain more trust during negotiations. B．It makes a person appear more friendly and approachable. C．It is often a very beneficial way to present oneself. D．It is a skill that can be easily learned through practice. 4．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于面部表情表达力的研究，研究发现面部表情丰富的人更容易获得社交优势，挑战了“扑克脸”更有益的传统观念。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a “poker face”, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) say that wearing your heart on your face could actually give you a significant social advantage.(你是一本打开的书，脸上流露着每一种情感，还是更像“扑克脸”，不表露自己的感受？诺丁汉特伦特大学的科学家表示，把你的情绪表露在脸上，实际上可能会给你带来显著的社交优势)”可知，作者通过对比“情绪外露”和“面无表情”这两种类型来引入话题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a negotiation (谈判) task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that agreeable, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationships and smoothing over conflicts. (在谈判任务中，表情更丰富的人更有可能获得更大份额的奖励。研究人员认为，友善、生动的面部表情可能成为建立良好关系和化解冲突的工具)”可知，在谈判环境中，面部表情表达力是化解冲突的工具，可以作为化解分歧的策略。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. (这些发现挑战了“扑克脸”这一普遍观念，即静止、不带情绪的外表总是最有利的)”可知，关于“扑克脸”的一个常见误解是它是一种非常有益的自我表现方式。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. (相反，研究表明，对大多数人来说，让面部表情反映内心状态和意图可以引发更温暖的回应)”以及“Being facially expressive is socially advantageous. (面部表情丰富在社交上是有利的)”可知，基于研究结果，作者可能会建议人们学会做一本“打开的书”，即情绪外露、表情丰富。故选B项。 话题5 农业科研奋斗（共4篇） Passage 1 （26-27高一上·宁夏吴忠·阶段检测）Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, is one of the greatest scientists in China. He made great contributions to solving the food problem of China and even the world. Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. He saw many people died of hunger when he was young, which made him decide to study agriculture and grow more food for people. He graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 and then worked as a teacher in a school in Hunan. At that time, hybrid rice was considered impossible to develop by many foreign experts. But Yuan Longping didn’t believe it. He started his research on hybrid rice in the 1960s. He spent most of his time in the rice fields, observing and studying rice plants carefully every day. He faced many failures and difficulties, but he never stopped his research. After years of hard work, Yuan Longping and his team successfully developed the first hybrid rice strain in 1973. The new hybrid rice could produce much more rice than common rice. Later, he kept improving the hybrid rice technology. Its output was increased again and again. Now, hybrid rice is planted in many countries around the world, helping billions of people get enough food. Yuan Longping always had two dreams: one is to enjoy the cool under the rice plants as tall as sorghum, and the other is to spread hybrid rice to the whole world. He kept working for his dreams until his last moment. He passed away in 2021, but his spirit and contributions will be remembered by people forever. 1．What made Yuan Longping decide to study agriculture? A．His love for teaching. B．His childhood experience of seeing people hungry. C．His parents’ advice. D．The development of agriculture in China. 2．What did foreign experts think of developing hybrid rice? A．It was easy to do. B．It was very interesting. C．It was impossible. D．It was useful. 3．When did Yuan Longping's team succeed in developing hybrid rice? A．In 1930. B．In 1953. C．In 1973. D．In 2021. 4．What can we learn from Yuan Longping? A．We should give up when facing difficulties. B．We should work hard for our dreams. C．We should only care about our own life. D．We should become a scientist. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了 “杂交水稻之父” 袁隆平的生平事迹，讲述他研究杂交水稻的历程以及他毕生坚守的梦想。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He saw many people died of hunger when he was young, which made him decide to study agriculture and grow more food for people.(年少时他目睹很多人死于饥饿，这促使他决定学习农业，为人们种植更多粮食。)”可知，童年看到人们挨饿的经历让他决定学习农业。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“At that time, hybrid rice was considered impossible to develop by many foreign experts.(在那个时候，很多外国专家认为杂交水稻是无法研发出来的。)”可知，外国专家认为研发杂交水稻是不可能的事。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“After years of hard work, Yuan Longping and his team successfully developed the first hybrid rice strain in 1973.(经过多年努力，袁隆平和他的团队在 1973 年成功培育出第一个杂交水稻品种。)”可知，袁隆平团队在1973年成功研发杂交水稻。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He kept working for his dreams until his last moment.(他为自己的梦想奋斗直到生命最后一刻。)”可知，袁隆平一生坚守梦想，克服重重困难坚持科研直到生命最后一刻。我们应当以袁隆平为榜样，为梦想努力奋斗。 Passage 2 （26-27高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 percent fewer terrestrial insects now than in 1990. This includes those we rely on to pollinate our crops. If we don't solve this problem very soon, some species will disappear. There are many causes for the insect decline, but insecticides are a major part of the problem. Those used today are longer lasting and up to 10,000 times more toxic than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops as a precaution and used whether pests are present or not. Overall, the amount of pesticide applied to the land is decreasing, but this is a grossly misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. But because modern insecticides are so much more toxic, the global toxicity of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period. To the public, one often-touted approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods. These varied techniques are gathered under the name of integrated pest management (IPM) and have been around for decades. They offer effective crop protection and include methods such as crop rotation and the use of natural predators. But their adoption has been incredibly slow, because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easier option. As a result, IPM methods are unfortunately seldom used today. Without a quick fix, we argue instead that we need a subtle change in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. By using the minimal dose we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a fraction of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. They would spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about. Reducing insecticide doses won’t solve the insect decline problem, but it is a move that could win us time to make food production more sustainable and cultivate farmlands in a greener way. And that will allow insects to recover. 1．According to the passage, which of the statements is TRUE? A．The toxicity in insecticides used before persists longer. B．Toxic-free insecticides are now used to keep pests away. C．The amount of toxicity used per acre is less than before. D．Currently-used pesticides are much more toxic than before. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word often-touted in paragraph 4? A．Broadly-publicized. B．Generally-proved. C．Recently-created. D．Frequently-criticized. 3．What is the best way to treat the insect decline? A．To research and develop new pesticides. B．To protect crops rather than killing out insects. C．To raise large-scale natural predators of insects. D．To shift to the IPM pesticide-controlling method. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To propose a practical shift of agricultural practice. B．To present conflicting evidence about insect decline. C．To criticize farmers for their over-reliance on spraying. D．To alert readers to the hidden danger of modern pesticides. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章主要分析昆虫锐减的原因并提出转变农业防治重心的应对办法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Those used today are longer lasting and up to 10,000 times more toxic than some that were banned in the 1970s. (如今使用的那些（杀虫剂）比20世纪70年代被禁用的一些杀虫剂持续时间更长，毒性最高可达其一万倍。)”可知，目前使用的杀虫剂毒性比以前大得多。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“To the public, one often-touted approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods. (对公众而言，一种often-touted方法是使用无农药的害虫防治方法。)”以及后文“These varied techniques are gathered under the name of integrated pest management (IPM) and have been around for decades. (这些各式各样的技术统称为害虫综合防治（IPM），已经存在数十年了。)”可知，IPM这种无农药害虫防治方法已经存在几十年了，且是面向公众经常被宣传的方法，故“often-touted”意为“被广泛宣传的”，与Broadly-publicized语义一致。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Without a quick fix, we argue instead that we need a subtle change in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. (在没有快速解决方案的情况下，我们反而认为，我们需要在关注点上做出微妙的转变，从消灭害虫转向保护作物。)”可知，作者认为最好的方法是把重点从杀死害虫转向保护作物。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“Without a quick fix, we argue instead that we need a subtle change in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. (在没有快速解决方案的情况下，我们反而认为，我们需要在关注点上做出微妙的转变，从消灭害虫转向保护作物。)”可知，全文围绕昆虫锐减的现状展开，最终提出调整农业生产重心、减少杀虫剂用量的可行方案，文章旨在提出切实可行的农业生产方式转变的建议。 Passage 3 （25-26高二下·陕西榆林·期中）What if we could fight farm weeds (杂草) with a precise strike instead of blanket chemicals? This vision is now becoming a reality in the farmlands. The HG LaserWeeder, a new machine developed by Huagong Tech, marks a major breakthrough in precision agriculture by making targeted weed control a practical reality. This advancement responds directly to the persistent problems associated with traditional farming. Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution. So, how does this “robot farmer” work? At its core, it combines artificial intelligence with advanced light technology. Its AI-powered visual system, trained on a vast database of plant images, acts as a smart “eye” that can distinguish weeds from crops in milliseconds. Once a weed is spotted, the robot delivers a precise laser beam (激光束) to each weed’s growth center, destroying key cells and causing the plant to die naturally, all without harming the surrounding crops or the soil. The advantages of this approach are substantial. In terms of efficiency, an advanced model equipped with 32 laser heads can destroy up to 320,000 weeds per hour, which is four to eight times more efficient than traditional methods. Through continuous operation, it achieves a weed control rate of over 95%, far outperforming hand weeding and obviating the need for this back-breaking task. Ecologically, it significantly reduces the use of chemicals, thereby cutting off a primary source of agricultural pollution. The technology marks a general trend towards automated and sustainable agriculture worldwide. As farms worldwide seek to enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, robotic solutions like the HG LaserWeeder are likely to become increasingly common. This technology signals a move towards precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming. 1．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．The new machine still needs further tests. B．The HG LaserWeeder is mainly used in yards. C．Chemical herbicides will soon disappear. D．Traditional farming has obvious weaknesses. 2．How does the HG LaserWeeder kill weeds exactly? A．By using a laser beam on weed growth centers. B．By relying on chemicals to kill the wild weeds. C．By distinguishing all the various plants manually. D．By changing the local soil to stop weed growth. 3．What benefit does the machine have? A．It works best with complex farm crops. B．It beats traditional methods in speed. C．It totally removes all kinds of pollution. D．It greatly lowers the cost of farm tools. 4．Which trend does the HG LaserWeeder indicate for future farming? A．An increase in use of chemical herbicides. B．A complete replacement of human farmers. C．A shift to more accurate and cleaner farming. D．A focus on faster and smarter weed killing speeds. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍华工科技研发的HG激光除草机，介绍它的工作原理、优势，以及这项技术代表的精准、环保的现代农业发展方向。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“This advancement responds directly to the persistent problems associated with traditional farming. Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution.(这项进步直接回应传统农业长期存在的各类问题。数十年来大量使用化学除草剂已经造成严重的环境危害，包括土壤退化和水污染。)”可知，传统农业存在明显弊端。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Once a weed is spotted, the robot delivers a precise laser beam (激光束) to each weed’s growth center, destroying key cells and causing the plant to die naturally, all without harming the surrounding crops or the soil.(一旦发现杂草，机器人会向每株杂草的生长中心发射精准激光束，破坏核心细胞，使杂草自然死亡，全程不会伤害周围作物与土壤。)”可知，HG激光除草机通过向杂草生长中心发射激光束除草。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In terms of efficiency, an advanced model equipped with 32 laser heads can destroy up to 320,000 weeds per hour, which is four to eight times more efficient than traditional methods.(在效率方面，配备32个激光头的高端机型每小时可清除多达32万株杂草，效率是传统方法的4至8倍。)”可知，该机器在除草速度上优于传统方式。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“This technology signals a move towards precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming.(这项技术标志着精准农业的发展方向，依托数据驱动的工具帮助农民更精准管理作物，减少对化学品的依赖，为更清洁、高效的农业未来指明道路。)”可知，HG激光除草机预示农业会转向更精准、更环保的模式。 Passage 4 （26-27高三上·湖北武汉·阶段检测）Food markets have experienced considerable instability in recent years. Global warming is causing droughts, soil desertification and extreme weather. Yet the fundamentals of food production were last transformed in the mid-20th century. Fortunately, global investments in agricultural innovation are on the rise. Funds for agritech companies reached $16.2 billion in 2025. Of this, $9 billion went to new research into boosting farm yields, up from $2.5 billion in 2016. The focus of sustainability efforts is switching from preventing climate change to dealing with it and finding solutions. Scientists are developing alternatives to the pesticides and fertilisers that have dominated modern agriculture since the Green Revolution of the mid-20th century, based on a better understanding of plants themselves. B-COS, a team from Ghent University, is genetically engineering bacteria to produce a special kind of molecule (分子). Tomato and potato plants sprayed (喷洒) with the molecules are tricked into believing they are under attack and activate their natural defenses against infection. B-COS is applying this approach to two new products: one to improve growth and drought tolerance, and another which it claims can reduce disease incidence by 40-50%. Naturally, there are also companies exploring the opportunities presented by artificial intelligence. The general idea of this combination is called “precision agriculture”, which is to help farmers connect everything from the environmental conditions of individual fields to the genetic sequences (序列) of the bacteria present in the soil, and those of the plants themselves. This is then run through AI models that make predictions about the best conditions and treatments to achieve the highest yields or produce the highest-quality crops. “It is going to show us what’s going on in each square metre of the fields, such as temperature, water and carbon absorption,” says Mr. Anders, a managing partner of an agritech company. There is still a long way to go. In 2024, agricultural tech companies attracted just 1.3% of global early-stage venture-capital funding despite agriculture accounting for about 4% of global GDP. But if high-tech innovations still make their way, and the funds keep flowing, a new age of precision agriculture is coming. 1．What is highlighted concerning agricultural investment in paragraph 1? A．Its instability. B．Its source. C．Its influence. D．Its shift. 2．Why did the B-COS team spray the molecules on tomato and potato plants? A．To evaluate disease tolerance. B．To eliminate harmful substances. C．To boost natural resistance. D．To protect healthy plants. 3．What does “precision agriculture” contribute to? A．Accurate market forecasting. B．Efficient harvesting techniques. C．Sufficient genetic information. D．Reasonable agricultural planning. 4．What is the author’s purpose in presenting the data in the last paragraph? A．To call for greater investment. B．To warn of potential risks. C．To cast light on the achievements. D．To give credit to the companies. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了全球农业创新投资不断增加，科学家正利用基因工程细菌和人工智能等新技术推动精准农业发展，以应对气候变化和粮食生产挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The focus of sustainability efforts is switching from preventing climate change to dealing with it and finding solutions.(可持续发展努力的重点正在从防止气候变化转向应对气候变化并寻找解决方案。)”可知，农业投资的重点正在发生转变，从防止气候变化转向应对和解决气候变化问题。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tomato and potato plants sprayed with the molecules are tricked into believing they are under attack and activate their natural defenses against infection.(喷洒了这种分子的番茄和马铃薯植株会被欺骗，以为自己正受到攻击，从而激活其抵御感染的自然防御。)”可知，B-COS团队给番茄和马铃薯植株喷洒分子是为了激活植物的自然防御，增强其自然抵抗力。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“This is then run through AI models that make predictions about the best conditions and treatments to achieve the highest yields or produce the highest-quality crops.(然后，这些数据会通过人工智能模型运行，预测实现最高产量或生产最高质量作物的最佳条件和处理方法。)”可知，精准农业有助于做出合理的农业规划。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2024, agricultural tech companies attracted just 1.3% of global early-stage venture-capital funding despite agriculture accounting for about 4% of global GDP. But if high-tech innovations still make their way, and the funds keep flowing, a new age of precision agriculture is coming.(2024年，农业科技公司仅吸引了全球早期风险投资的1.3%，尽管农业约占全球GDP的4%。但如果高科技创新继续推进，资金持续流入，精准农业的新时代即将到来。)”可知，作者呈现这些数据是为了说明农业科技投资仍然不足，呼吁更多投资。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题05 阅读理解5大常考话题 话题1 杰出人物成就 话题2 未来科技生活 话题3 公园自然风光 话题4 肢体语言交际 话题5 农业科研奋斗 ① 通读题干，圈画关键词，明确题目设问方向； ② 回读原文，定位答题区间，查找与题干匹配信息； ③ 比对选项，区分原文细节、干扰项，忠于文本内容； ④ 主旨题梳理首尾段，推断题立足文本，不主观臆断； ⑤ 做完复盘，核对答案，确保选项符合文章逻辑。 话题1 杰出人物成就（共3篇） Passage 1 （26-27高二上·湖南·期中）Yang Chen-Ning, one of the most influential physicists of the 20th century and the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize, died in Beijing at the age of 103. Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui Province, in 1922. His father, Yang Wu-Chih, was a mathematics professor at Tsinghua University. The young Yang grew up on the Tsinghua campus, immersed in books and ideas that would shape his future. In 1957, Yang and fellow theoretical physicist Lee Tsung-Dao were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their parity violation theory (宇称不守恒定律). The finding overturned one of physics’ long-held assumptions and reshaped our understanding of nature’s laws. The Nobel committee praised their profound investigation which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles. Beyond his technical achievements, Yang’s scientific journey was guided by a profound sense of the aesthetic (美学) of thought. In his essay collection, he reflected on the British physicist Paul Dirac, whose ideas, Yang wrote, were “captivating.” He described Dirac’s writings as “clear as autumn water, unstained by dust,” with not a trace of waste. Following Dirac’s reasoning, he said, always felt marvellous (非凡的), leading to insights no one could have imagined beforehand. To Yang, the Dirac equation was nothing short of a revelation — an expression of both scientific precision and poetic beauty. After decades in the United States, Yang began visiting China more frequently in the 1990s. In 1999, he accepted a professorship at Tsinghua University, where he helped establish the Institute for Advanced Study and raised funds to support young scientists. Even in his eighties and nineties, Yang continued to teach undergraduates and take part in research. Colleagues remember his authority and deep curiosity. He believed education was not only about passing on knowledge, but about inspiring wonder — the same sense of wonder that had driven his own life’s work. 1．For what was Yang awarded the Nobel Prize? A．A remarkable discovery. B．A practical invention. C．A profound investigation. D．A long-held assumption. 2．What did Yang think of Paul Dirac’s equation? A．Clear yet time-consuming. B．Abstract yet inspiring. C．Exact and beautiful. D．Complex yet insightful. 3．What did Yang believe was an important part of education? A．Encouraging students to challenge authority. B．Motivating students to learn actively. C．Cultivating students’ problem-solving abilities. D．Training students to work independently. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Secrets Behind the Nobel Prize B．A Scientist’s Devotion to His Motherland C．Brilliant Discovery of Physics D．A Physicist of Beauty and Curiosity Passage 2 （26-27高二上·云南德宏·开学考试）TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), a crucial new treatment for malaria (疟疾). Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract (提取物) from sweet wormwood (青蒿) to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” 1．Why did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? A．Because she found artemisinin to treat malaria. B．Because she worked in Beijing for many years. C．Because she wrote many ancient medical texts. D．Because she travelled to Hainan to see patients. 2．When did Tu Youyou’s team succeed in discovering the useful substance? A．In 1969 B．In 1955 C．In 1971 D．In 2015 3．What did Tu Youyou’s team do to make sure the medicine was safe? A．They only read old medical books. B．They tested the medicine on themselves. C．They gave up after 190 failures. D．They used high temperature to boil wormwood. 4．According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin is ______. A．her own big success B．a prize only for Chinese medicine C．an accident in Hainan D．a team effort Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东中山·阶段检测）For Katie Lewis, Ph.D．, every soil sample, every field trial and every long day in the West Texas sun comes down to one thing — helping farmers build a future that lasts. That commitment runs deep. Lewis grew up on a farm, married a farmer, and now raises her children on the same type of land her research aims to protect. Lewis, like many Texas farmers, has experienced firsthand the hardships and seasonal ups and downs of the market. As a Texas A&M AgriLife Research soil chemistry and fertility scientist, she works each day to ensure that future generations of Texas farmers can thrive. As a child, Katie Lewis carried around a cigar box with batteries and wires, begging her parents for an at-home science kit to feed her growing curiosity about how things worked. That wonder was inspired by a high school science teacher, who turned every lesson into a discovery. These influences didn’t just spark interest; they guided her clear choice of study in higher education. Lewis earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry, but her early years spent on a farm added a unique layer to her academic journey. Now in her 11th year with AgriLife Research, Lewis is looking for environmentally and economically sustainable management strategies for farmers and their cropping systems. More recently, Lewis is tackling carbon dynamics in semi-arid (半干旱) environments — work backed by more than $15 million in funding over the past few years. For Lewis, though, her impact isn’t only at the farm level; it scales through to the next generation of those who love the science. Her graduate training program has graduated 30 master’s students and 19 doctoral students, with six serving as scientists at land-grant institutions. “It is not just about the research,” Lewis said. “It’s about training the next generation of soil scientists to continue to be curious, think outside the box and find solutions to the challenges that agriculture faces.” 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Why soil science degrees matter to Lewis. B．How AgriLife Research helps local farmers. C．Why local farming faces seasonal hardships. D．How Lewis’ upbringing fueled her ambition. 2．How can Lewis be described as a student? A．Demanding. B．Self-motivated. C．Inspirational. D．Self-sacrificing. 3．What is Lewis’ research focus? A．Sustainable farming in severe places. B．Analyzing soil nutrients in a new way. C．Economical strategies for Texas farmers. D．Managing farm produce with efficiency. 4．Why did Lewis establish a graduate training program? A．To boost her impact in farming study. B．To advocate the research in agriculture. C．To expand the size of local institutions. D．To promote the idea of land protection. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·湖南娄底·期末）On June 4, 2025, Wei Dongyi, a well-known mathematics professor at Peking University, launched his official social media account. Verified (证实) by the platform and supported by his family, the account shares mathematical knowledge, interacts with the public, and corrects false information. Wei is renowned for his exceptional mathematical abilities. As a high school student, he won two gold medals with full marks at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in 2008 and 2009, setting a Chinese record in the process. His unique “Wei Method” surprised his peers and experts alike. At the age of 28, he became a professor at Peking University, specializing in complex mathematical problems. His research has achieved significant breakthroughs, with publications in top-tier (顶尖的) academic journals. The new account posts math content suitable for all levels. His first video, in which he simply says, “Hello, I’m Wei Dongyi”, attracted over 10 million followers within three days (by June 7). Gaokao students flooded the comments section with exam-related wishes, turning it into a virtual “wishing pool”. Wei’s family emphasizes that the account is intended for sharing knowledge, not for making a profit. Despite his fame, he leads a modest lifestyle, often seen carrying steamed buns (馒头) and water, and remains focused on teaching. Through this initiative, Wei hopes to foster a love of math among young people. By sharing his expertise, he aims to inspire a deeper interest in the subject. 1．The underlined word “renowned” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．strict B．famous C．young D．careful 2．What can we learn about Wei Dongyi’s social media account? A．It was launched with the help of his students. B．It only shares advanced mathematical knowledge. C．It attracted 10 million followers on June 4, 2025. D．It aims to share knowledge and interact with the public. 3．Why did Gaokao students leave wishes in the comments section? A．They wanted to learn the “Wei Method” from Wei. B．They hoped to get good scores in the Gaokao. C．They wanted to ask Wei to solve math problems. D．They hoped Wei would share more exam tips. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Wei Dongyi’s great achievements in mathematics. B．Wei Dongyi’s modest lifestyle and teaching spirit. C．The launch of Wei Dongyi’s social media account and its purpose. D．How Wei Dongyi’s social media account became popular quickly. 话题2 未来科技生活（共4篇） Passage 1 （26-27高二上·安徽阜阳·阶段检测）Researchers at the University of Waterloo showcased a smart fabric (织物) technology. This innovative material has been designed to convert both body heat and sunlight into electricity. Most wearable electronics today require external power or regular recharge, but this innovative fabric removes the need for batteries entirely. The researchers stress that this novel fabric is more stable, durable, and cost-effective than existing market choices. The functionality of the smart fabric can be enhanced when integrated with sensors. This way, the fabric can be used to monitor the heart rate and temperature, and even detect chemicals in your breath. The research team has successfully combined advanced materials like MXenes and conductive polymers using cutting-edge textile production methods. MXenes and conductive polymers are materials known for their high electrical conductivity and flexibility. By applying the sticky polydopamine layer to the nylon fabric, the team created a surface that attracts MXene particles through hydrogen bonds. This combined structure results in a stretchy thermoelectric fabric. “AI technology is evolving rapidly, providing complicated (复杂的) signal analysis for health monitoring, food and medicine storage, environmental monitoring, etc. However, this progress relies on extensive data collection, which conventional sensors, often large, heavy and costly, cannot achieve,” said Li, director of Waterloo's Printable Electronic Materials Lab. “Printed sensors, including those embedded in smart fabrics, are ideal for continuous data collection and monitoring. This new smart fabric is a step forward in making these applications practical.” The masks the fabric is embedded in can monitor the respiratory rate, while also detecting chemical indicators for viruses, lung cancer, and other diseases. This innovative fabric can also be used to assess joint health. Exceptional strain sensing capabilities of the MXene-based thermoelectric fabric facilitate the monitoring of joint conditions through its deformation. Even athletes can use this fabric to track their performance, eliminating large and heavy wearables. Up next, the team plans to enhance the performance of the fabric. They also have plans to develop a smartphone app that would collect and transmit health data directly to healthcare providers. This app could enable continuous health monitoring. 1．What is a feature of the newly developed fabric? A．It can power itself. B．It uses recyclable materials. C．It contains a rechargeable battery. D．It can detect harmful chemicals in the air. 2．What can be inferred about traditional sensors? A．They are cost-effective. B．They enable health checks. C．They are complex to produce. D．They fail to collect extensive data. 3．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Ironing. B．Wasting. C．Removing. D．Maintaining. 4．What does the research team intend to do next according to the text? A．Develop a new type of battery. B．Market the fabric to the public. C．Build an app to collect and transmit data. D．Cut the production cost of the fabric. Passage 2 （26-27高二上·湖北十堰·阶段检测）Step, shake, clap. A group of teenagers moves to the beat. In a video of their dance, colorful starbursts (星状亮光) break out from their hands. These girls created their own moves. For the video, they also coded (编码) visual effects that respond to those movements. “If you put your right hand in the air, you could trigger (触发) lightning to come down,” says engineer Kayla DesPortes, who studies ways to teach computing. The teenagers created these flashy effects with a technology called danceON. They have been learning to use this tool at a yearly summer program called STEM From Dance. DesPortes always wants to explore new ways to use technology. When she got a chance to start working with STEM From Dance, she was very excited. Girls in this program work together to create dances while using technology to express themselves. Unfortunately, DesPortes found that the existing tech-teaching tools were “really bad for anything having to do with body and movement.” Thus, she set out to design one herself. It had to be easy for anyone to start using—and push them to learn new things. That’s how she became part of a team that developed danceON. Since then, DesPortes has been developing a new tool: DanceBits. Its wearable system of sensors connects to lights. Dancers can program the lights ahead of time. Or, they can tap the sensors while dancing to turn lights on or off — even to change color. This lets dancers experiment, create, and play with the technology and movement, DesPortes explains. What DesPortes is doing helps more people get involved in science through a creative approach. This expands what science can be and who it can reach. “If you only teach code on a computer screen, you’ve limited what it means,” says DesPortes. “You’ve created a wall that keeps some people out of technology. However, taking code and electronics into a dance changes things. We can break down these walls.” 1．What can be learned about the girls in the video from paragraph 1? A．They bettered their dance with coding. B．They were teaching computing at a camp. C．They loved the dance created by DesPortes. D．They were preparing for a dance competition. 2．What did DesPortes expect danceON to be when designing it? A．Lightweight. B．Groundbreaking. C．User-friendly. D．Cost-effective. 3．What do we know about DanceBits? A．It encourages dancers to work as a team. B．It assists dance teachers in the classroom. C．It helps dancers express themselves creatively. D．It deepens dancers’ understanding of their body. 4．What does DesPortes think of her current work? A．It needs greater attention. B．It makes science more accessible. C．It is game-changing for dance teaching. D．It reflects the progress of modern technology. Passage 3 （2026·山东济南·模拟预测）Feeling thirsty? Drawing clean water directly from the air is possible, as even extremely dry regions contain some moisture (水汽). Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days. To break this bottleneck, MIT engineers Ikra Shuvo and Svetlana Boriskina identified a much faster method. Instead of heating the water-absorbing materials to release water, they use high-frequency ultrasonic (超声波的) vibrations to shake the moisture loose. These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops. The new approach elegantly bypasses the materials’ unyielding nature. “Any material that is very good at absorbing water doesn’t want to part with it,” explains Boriskina. “So you normally need to put a lot of energy into pulling water out.” With ultrasound, this process is completely transformed. Lab tests show this method is about 45 times more efficient than traditional heating, freeing the trapped water in mere minutes. This breakthrough overturns the assumption that AWH systems must absorb moisture overnight and depend on passive sunlight during the day. Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night. The project’s ultimate purpose goes far beyond laboratory efficiency. Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air. 1．What does “this bottleneck” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The lack of water in dry regions. B．The huge cost of current devices. C．The slow process of releasing water. D．The poor performance of the materials. 2．How do the ultrasound waves release water from the materials? A．By heating the watery materials. B．By overcoming the trapping force. C．By breaking water into small drops. D．By changing the materials’ property. 3．What activates the new device automatically? A．An electronic sensor. B．A water cycling setup. C．Insufficient water absorption. D．Continuous sunlight exposure. 4．What does Boriskina highlight regarding the project in the last paragraph? A．Its further research. B．Its practical potential. C．Its current limitations. D．Its technical improvements. Passage 4 （26-27高二上·湖南株洲·开学考试）Picture a paper lantern glowing softly and swaying gently in the breeze. Now imagine that lantern is made of a smart polymer (聚合物) and able to twist, compress, and snap into over a dozen different shapes on command. Most astonishingly, it can do all this through the invisible pull of a magnetic field. It’s a real scientific breakthrough from researchers at North Carolina State University. The polymer lantern can rest naturally in two stable shapes: a relaxed, lantern-like form and a compressed, spinning-top-like shape. When you push down on it, it slowly buckles (变形), storing energy like a spring until it suddenly “snaps” into its second form. Released it, and that stored energy bursts free, snapping it back into its original lantern shape instantly. By twisting it, folding its top and bottom strips inward or outward, or combining these deformations, the researchers found they could create various shapes. By attaching a thin layer of magnetic film to the base, the team made it possible to twist or compress the lantern without touching it. With this capability, the lantern can perform work, move, and interact with its environment. To demonstrate this potential, the researchers designed a noninvasive soft gripper (夹子) that could gently grasp fish underwater without harm, and built a smart filter that could open and close to regulate water flow. Each demonstration revealed how this mechanism could translate stored energy into motion, offering precision and speed. To fully understand and control this lantern’s behavior, the team developed a mathematical model, which describes how changes in the lantern’s design — the angles, lengths, and curvatures of its ribbons and strips — affect both its shape and its ability to store and release energy. The researchers can design it to hold more or less energy, to snap more forcefully or more gently, and to change shapes in specific ways. By arranging multiple lantern units together, the researchers envision entire surfaces or structures that can fold, roll, expand, or contract like living tissue. “Moving forward, these lantern units can be assembled into 2D and 3D architectures for broad applications in mechanical materials and robotics,” says Professor Jie Yin, the study’s senior researcher. 1．What can we learn about the polymer lantern? A．It is windproof. B．It is adjustable. C．It is equipped with a spring. D．It is made of a new material. 2．What did the demonstrations of the gripper and filter indicate about the polymer lantern? A．Its mechanism is workable. B．Its energy is harmless. C．Its design is complicated. D．Its material is sustainable. 3．Why did the researchers create the mathematical model? A．To prove benefits of using the lantern. B．To test the stability of every lantern shape. C．To present various applications of the lantern. D．To show effects of different design patterns of the lantern. 4．What is Professor Jie Yin’s attitude to the future broad use of the lantern units? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant. 话题3 公园自然风光（共4篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·海南儋州·期中）For many people, parks are more than just green spaces. They are places to relax, explore and connect with nature. Around the world, there are many fascinating parks that surprise visitors in different ways Zhangjiajie Forest Park in China is one such amazing place. Famous for its tall, sharp mountains and thick forests, it looks like a picture from a fairy tale. The mountains rise high into the clouds, and clear streams run through the woods. Walking on the small paths, visitors can enjoy fresh air and the sounds of birds. Many young people love to take photos here, as the views are truly unforgettable. Another wonderful park is Banff National Park in Canada. It has clean blue lakes, high snow-covered mountains and wide grasslands. In summer, people go hiking or boating on the lakes. In winter, the park turns into a great place for skiing. No matter when you visit, it always shows its natural beauty. Visiting these parks helps people take a break from busy city life. They not only provide beautiful scenes but also teach people to love and protect nature. Whether it is a large national park or a small neighborhood park, each has its own special charm. These amazing places make us understand how valuable and beautiful our natural world is. 1．Why did the writer say parks are more than just green spaces? A．They have very tall buildings. B．They help people relax and get close to nature. C．They are always crowded with people D．They are only good for taking photos. 2．What is Zhangjiajie Forest Park Known for? A．snow-covered mountains. B．thick woods and sharp mountains. C．blue lakes and grasslands. D．small paths for walking. 3．What can we learn about Banff National Park? A．It only looks beautiful in summer. B．It is a small park in China, C．People can enjoy different activities there. D．It is covered with snow all year round 4．What are the benefits of parks according to the author? A．All small neighborhood parks are more attractive than big ones. B．They stop people from living a busy city life. C．They have people realize the value and beauty of nature. D．They fully change people's opinions on city development. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·云南昆明·期末）Best Theme Parks in the World Looking to experience a wave of excitement? Discover our selection of the best theme parks in the world. Whether you’re discovering magical characters or enjoying the thrills of an exciting ride, theme parks offer a great day out for adults and children alike. Disneyland Resort Opened in 1955, Disneyland Resort has two parks in Anaheim, USA．Disneyland Park is the original home of Disney-themed lands. And it’s your chance to experience famous attractions like Pirates of the Caribbean, the Haunted Mansion, and Star Wars Galaxy Edge. Go on an adventure with live shows from the characters of Frozen and meet a range of Disney characters. Disney California Adventure Park has something for all ages. Tivoli Gardens Old meets new at Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark, an amusement park that first opened in 1843. It sits right in the center of the city and has a range of rides, games, musicals, gardens and major concerts. With its grand status, it’s no wonder Tivoli Gardens is considered one of the best theme parks in the world. Hersheypark Located in Pennsylvania, USA, Hersheypark opened in 1906 and was originally built for employees of the Hershey chocolate company. Today, this award-winning park continues to attract visitors from around the world, offering a mix of thrilling rides, family-friendly attractions, and unique chocolate-themed experiences. Puy du Fou Puy du Fou is a historical theme park in Western France with its origins dating back to 1972 and was chosen one of the best theme parks in the world. Go back to the ancient times and commit yourself in French history with a range of exciting shows like The Phantom Birds Dance. 1．Which theme park has the longest history? A．Disneyland Resort. B．Tivoli Gardens. C．Hersheypark. D．Puy du Fou. 2．What is a feature of Hersheypark? A．It is located in a city centre. B．It focuses on historical experiences. C．It has Disney-themed attractions. D．It offers chocolate-related activities. 3．What can visitors do in Puy du Fou? A．Watch a Frozen live show. B．Appreciate a range of concerts. C．Learn about French history. D．Meet a variety of Disney characters. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·福建福州·期末）Banff National Park is Canada’s firstborn national park and was recognized in 1885. Located in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Banff includes 6,641 square kilometers of glaciers and ice fields, thick forests, and alpine (高山的) scenery. The Icefields Park-way spreads from Lake Louise, connecting to Jasper National Park in the north. Provincial forests and Yoho National Park are neighbors to the west while Kootenay National Park is situated to the south. The main commercial center of the park is the town of Banff, in the Bow River valley. The Canadian Pacific Railway was contributory in Banff’s early years, building the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise hotel in the park and attracting tourists through widespread advertising. In the early 20th century, roads were built in Banff, at times by prisoners of World War I, and through Great Depression-era public works projects. As Banff has over three million visitors annually, the health of its ecology has been endangered. In the mid-1990s, Parks Canada launched a two-year study to preserve ecological integrity. Banff National Park has a subarctic climate with three ecoregions. The forests feature pine trees at lower heights and Engelmann spruce at higher ones below the tree line, above which are chiefly rocks and ice. Mammal species such as the grizzly bear, cougar, wolverine, moose and bighorn sheep are found along with hundreds of bird species. Reptiles (爬行动物) are also found but only a restricted number of species have been recorded. The mountains were formed from sedimentary rocks (沉积岩) which were pushed east over newer rock formations, between 80 and 55 million years ago. Over the previous few million years, glaciers have at times covered most of the park, but today are found only on the mountainsides though they include the Columbia Icefield, the largest continuous glacial mass in the Rockies. Being washed and crashed by water and ice has molded the mountains into their current appearance. 1．What can we infer about Banff National Park? A．It was built mainly by prisoners. B．It is connected to three provincial parks. C．It is the oldest national park in Canada. D．It failed to meet visitors’ commercial needs. 2．What was a contribution of the Canadian Pacific Railway? A．Building roads in Banff. B．Preserving the ecology of Banff. C．Constructing hotels in Banff. D．Providing multiple railways to Banff. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The limited knowledge of reptiles. B．The biodiversity of Banff. C．The region’s severe living conditions. D．The complex climate system of Banff. 4．What does the underlined word “molded” most probably mean? A．Stuck. B．Broken. C．Followed. D．Shaped. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·河北·期中）In Jakarta, Indonesia, the revival of Tebet Eco Park stands as a testament to the transformative power of landscape architecture and urban planning. Led by SIURA Studio, this project demonstrates how a once declining public park can be restored into a bright and colorful community space with a strong focus on ecological restoration and social inclusion. Tebet Eco Park underwent a remarkable transformation within just 15 months. The project aimed to address various challenges such as environmental, flooding, and social issues. By adopting an ecological landscape design approach, the park’s ecology was revived, with a particular emphasis on conserving trees and enhancing blue-green infrastructure (基础设施). One of the key interventions involved the renaturalization of the park’s waterway, which had previously been heavily polluted and likely to suffer from flooding. Through nature-based solutions, such as riparian (河边的) vegetation and changing waterways, the once polluted canal was transformed into a prosperous ecosystem. This updated waterway not only improves water quality but also enhances the park’s adaptability to flooding. The project prioritized sustainability by minimizing landscape interventions and reusing existing materials. Over 1,500 trees were surveyed and preserved, while dug-out materials were repurposed for park construction. Unhealthy trees were either relocated or upcycled into park furniture, promoting resource efficiency and minimizing waste. Tebet Eco Park now serves as a center for recreational, educational, and social activities, accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds. This inclusive design approach boosts social well-being and strengthens community ties. To improve accessibility, a pedestrian (行人) bridge was constructed to connect previously separated areas of the park. Designed with minimal environmental impact in mind, the bridge encourages park users to explore the entire space while preserving existing trees and habitats. The completion of Tebet Eco Park represents a significant milestone in Jakarta’s urban development journey. By seamlessly integrating ecological restoration with recreational spaces, the park promotes equity and harmony between humans and nature. It serves as a blueprint for future public park design, demonstrating the potential for sustainable urban regeneration and community agency. 1．What was the main purpose of transforming Tebet Eco Park? A．To expand the park’s area. B．To create a new tourist attraction. C．To build more recreational facilities. D．To solve environmental and social problems. 2．How did the project deal with the polluted waterway? A．By building a large dam. B．By using nature-based solutions. C．By pumping out all the water. D．By introducing foreign species. 3．What did the project do to promote sustainability? A．It cut down old trees to plant new ones. B．It used new materials for all constructions. C．It preserved most trees and reuses materials. D．It ignored the existing landscape completely. 4．What can we learn about Tebet Eco Park from the text? A．It has no measures to prevent flooding. B．It only focuses on ecological protection. C．It has become an inclusive community center. D．It took two years to complete the transformation. 话题4 肢体语言交际（共4篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·广东梅州·期中）People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified (多样化) these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1．The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．consider facial expressions universally reliable B．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 2．What were the people asked to do in the study? A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 3．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．examine the eyes more attentively B．study the mouth more frequently C．perform translation more successfully D．read facial expressions more correctly 4．What key weakness might critics highlight about the study’s design? A．Dependence on subjective emotion categorization. B．Use of posed photos instead of natural expressions. C．Lack of more diverse American cultural groups. D．Failure to track eye movements during observation. Passage 2 （25-26高二下·云南文山·阶段检测）Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue is a fascinating book, exploring the silent language we all speak — the gestures, postures and expressions represented in over two hundred artworks from galleries worldwide. This work is designed to make human behavior comprehensible to everyday readers through artistic depictions of body language across cultures. In these artistic representations of non-verbal communication, we recognize universal human experiences that cross cultural and historical boundaries. In this “visual guide to body language”, artworks are carefully selected and arranged to highlight connections across different periods and societies. We observe scenes of people interacting in various social situations — from formal handshakes in business settings to intimate embraces between loved ones. Individuals are portrayed in numerous positions — leaning forward in interest, crossing arms in defense, or nodding in agreement. Though these artworks might have been created centuries apart, they capture moments of human interaction that remain familiar to us all. Body language in artworks often serves to reveal the inner world of the subjects — their confidence, anxiety, or social status. Before the scientific study of non-verbal communication, artists intuitively (凭直觉地) understood and captured these subtle signals in their works. In contemporary art, as our understanding of body language has deepened, artists have become more intentional in using gestures and postures as primary elements in their creations — making body language itself the subject matter of their works. Some might assume that in our digital age of video calls and virtual meetings, the study of physical body language has become less relevant. From a modern perspective, while technology has changed how we communicate, non-verbal communication remains as significant as any emoji or digital reaction. To fully understand human interaction, we must observe the physical dimension: the eye contact, the postures, and the gestures employed during conversation. And compared to our increasingly digital communications where expressions can be hidden, in-person interaction still provides the richest, most immediate understanding of unspoken feelings. 1．What is one purpose of the book Body Language: The Unspoken Dialogue? A．To argue that digital communication is less effective. B．To list the most valuable artworks in world galleries. C．To teach artists how to create better body language in their works. D．To enable ordinary readers to understand human behavior through artworks. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “depictions”? A．Intentions. B．Representations. C．Shortages. D．Conclusions. 3．What can we learn about body language in artworks from different periods? A．They all show negative emotions of the subjects. B．They can’t be understood by people in modern times. C．They have completely different meanings in different times. D．They present moments of human interaction familiar to us all. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．It is difficult to discover intentionally hidden emotions. B．Digital reaction will replace face-to-face communication. C．Body language is still of great importance even in the digital age. D．Eye contact is the first step to reveal the personal feelings. Passage 3 （25-26高二下·河北廊坊·期中）A long face is not the only sign that someone is down. A recent study found how people walk is revealing too, particularly the swing of the arms and legs. “Walking is one of the most familiar and well-practiced whole-body movements for humans,” said Mina Wakabayashi, the lead author of the study. “Because of this, changes in emotional state may naturally appear in the way we walk. In our results, movements with larger arm and leg swings were more likely to be perceived as angry, whereas movements with smaller swings were more likely to be perceived as sad or fearful.” During the research, the scientists asked actors to recall life events that caused anger, happiness, fear or sadness and then walk a short distance while keeping each memory in mind. The participants wore tight clothing and reflective markers, allowing the researchers to create point-light videos from the side and front which captured their way of walking without their facial expressions and other bodily cues. Volunteers then watched the videos and declared what emotion each pace brought. They recognized all of the portrayed emotions better than chance. “To some degree, the walkers’ intended emotions were indeed perceived by the observers,” the researchers wrote in Royal Society Open Science. A second experiment tried to determine specific movements that gave away the walkers’ emotions. To do this, the researchers took walking videos from people without extreme emotions and edited the videos to increase or reduce the arm and leg swinging. Again, the observers saw more pronounced swinging as angry, with less seen as sad or fearful. Emotions are likely to influence all manner of other ways in which people move their bodies, and researchers hope to explore these in future work. “Being able to infer emotions from body movement may help us understand others quickly during social interactions, even without words,” Wakabayash said. That could mean spotting people’s emotions from afar and changing how we approach them, depending on whether they seem angry or sad. 1．How do annoyed people tend to walk according to the study? A．With smaller arm and leg swings. B．With larger arm and leg swings. C．With quicker and lighter steps. D．With longer and firmer paces. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Actors are full of emotions. B．Researchers prefer using videos. C．The participants were casually dressed. D．The results matched researchers’ prediction. 3．What does the second experiment focus on? A．The link between certain action and emotion. B．The anger most people feel when walking. C．The ability of people to control feelings. D．The accuracy of emotion experiments. 4．What will the researchers explore next? A．Skills to improve social communication. B．Methods of controlling one’s own emotions. C．The connection between walking and health. D．Other body movements affected by emotions. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·江西宜春·阶段检测）Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a “poker face”, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) say that wearing your heart on your face could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation (谈判) task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that agreeable, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationships and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative (有亲和力的) function”, or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”, suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to interpret. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well-liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working on your behalf. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By making a comparison. B．By giving an example. C．By providing a definition. D．By listing statistics. 2．What may facial expressiveness act as in negotiation settings? A．A method to hide personality. B．A way to frighten competitors. C．A strategy to settle disagreement. D．A tool to show personal qualities. 3．What is a common misunderstanding about “poker face” according to the passage? A．It helps people gain more trust during negotiations. B．It makes a person appear more friendly and approachable. C．It is often a very beneficial way to present oneself. D．It is a skill that can be easily learned through practice. 4．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. 话题5 农业科研奋斗（共4篇） Passage 1 （26-27高一上·宁夏吴忠·阶段检测）Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, is one of the greatest scientists in China. He made great contributions to solving the food problem of China and even the world. Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. He saw many people died of hunger when he was young, which made him decide to study agriculture and grow more food for people. He graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 and then worked as a teacher in a school in Hunan. At that time, hybrid rice was considered impossible to develop by many foreign experts. But Yuan Longping didn’t believe it. He started his research on hybrid rice in the 1960s. He spent most of his time in the rice fields, observing and studying rice plants carefully every day. He faced many failures and difficulties, but he never stopped his research. After years of hard work, Yuan Longping and his team successfully developed the first hybrid rice strain in 1973. The new hybrid rice could produce much more rice than common rice. Later, he kept improving the hybrid rice technology. Its output was increased again and again. Now, hybrid rice is planted in many countries around the world, helping billions of people get enough food. Yuan Longping always had two dreams: one is to enjoy the cool under the rice plants as tall as sorghum, and the other is to spread hybrid rice to the whole world. He kept working for his dreams until his last moment. He passed away in 2021, but his spirit and contributions will be remembered by people forever. 1．What made Yuan Longping decide to study agriculture? A．His love for teaching. B．His childhood experience of seeing people hungry. C．His parents’ advice. D．The development of agriculture in China. 2．What did foreign experts think of developing hybrid rice? A．It was easy to do. B．It was very interesting. C．It was impossible. D．It was useful. 3．When did Yuan Longping's team succeed in developing hybrid rice? A．In 1930. B．In 1953. C．In 1973. D．In 2021. 4．What can we learn from Yuan Longping? A．We should give up when facing difficulties. B．We should work hard for our dreams. C．We should only care about our own life. D．We should become a scientist. Passage 2 （26-27高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 percent fewer terrestrial insects now than in 1990. This includes those we rely on to pollinate our crops. If we don't solve this problem very soon, some species will disappear. There are many causes for the insect decline, but insecticides are a major part of the problem. Those used today are longer lasting and up to 10,000 times more toxic than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops as a precaution and used whether pests are present or not. Overall, the amount of pesticide applied to the land is decreasing, but this is a grossly misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. But because modern insecticides are so much more toxic, the global toxicity of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period. To the public, one often-touted approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods. These varied techniques are gathered under the name of integrated pest management (IPM) and have been around for decades. They offer effective crop protection and include methods such as crop rotation and the use of natural predators. But their adoption has been incredibly slow, because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easier option. As a result, IPM methods are unfortunately seldom used today. Without a quick fix, we argue instead that we need a subtle change in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. By using the minimal dose we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a fraction of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. They would spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about. Reducing insecticide doses won’t solve the insect decline problem, but it is a move that could win us time to make food production more sustainable and cultivate farmlands in a greener way. And that will allow insects to recover. 1．According to the passage, which of the statements is TRUE? A．The toxicity in insecticides used before persists longer. B．Toxic-free insecticides are now used to keep pests away. C．The amount of toxicity used per acre is less than before. D．Currently-used pesticides are much more toxic than before. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word often-touted in paragraph 4? A．Broadly-publicized. B．Generally-proved. C．Recently-created. D．Frequently-criticized. 3．What is the best way to treat the insect decline? A．To research and develop new pesticides. B．To protect crops rather than killing out insects. C．To raise large-scale natural predators of insects. D．To shift to the IPM pesticide-controlling method. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To propose a practical shift of agricultural practice. B．To present conflicting evidence about insect decline. C．To criticize farmers for their over-reliance on spraying. D．To alert readers to the hidden danger of modern pesticides. Passage 3 （25-26高二下·陕西榆林·期中）What if we could fight farm weeds (杂草) with a precise strike instead of blanket chemicals? This vision is now becoming a reality in the farmlands. The HG LaserWeeder, a new machine developed by Huagong Tech, marks a major breakthrough in precision agriculture by making targeted weed control a practical reality. This advancement responds directly to the persistent problems associated with traditional farming. Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution. So, how does this “robot farmer” work? At its core, it combines artificial intelligence with advanced light technology. Its AI-powered visual system, trained on a vast database of plant images, acts as a smart “eye” that can distinguish weeds from crops in milliseconds. Once a weed is spotted, the robot delivers a precise laser beam (激光束) to each weed’s growth center, destroying key cells and causing the plant to die naturally, all without harming the surrounding crops or the soil. The advantages of this approach are substantial. In terms of efficiency, an advanced model equipped with 32 laser heads can destroy up to 320,000 weeds per hour, which is four to eight times more efficient than traditional methods. Through continuous operation, it achieves a weed control rate of over 95%, far outperforming hand weeding and obviating the need for this back-breaking task. Ecologically, it significantly reduces the use of chemicals, thereby cutting off a primary source of agricultural pollution. The technology marks a general trend towards automated and sustainable agriculture worldwide. As farms worldwide seek to enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, robotic solutions like the HG LaserWeeder are likely to become increasingly common. This technology signals a move towards precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming. 1．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．The new machine still needs further tests. B．The HG LaserWeeder is mainly used in yards. C．Chemical herbicides will soon disappear. D．Traditional farming has obvious weaknesses. 2．How does the HG LaserWeeder kill weeds exactly? A．By using a laser beam on weed growth centers. B．By relying on chemicals to kill the wild weeds. C．By distinguishing all the various plants manually. D．By changing the local soil to stop weed growth. 3．What benefit does the machine have? A．It works best with complex farm crops. B．It beats traditional methods in speed. C．It totally removes all kinds of pollution. D．It greatly lowers the cost of farm tools. 4．Which trend does the HG LaserWeeder indicate for future farming? A．An increase in use of chemical herbicides. B．A complete replacement of human farmers. C．A shift to more accurate and cleaner farming. D．A focus on faster and smarter weed killing speeds. Passage 4 （26-27高三上·湖北武汉·阶段检测）Food markets have experienced considerable instability in recent years. Global warming is causing droughts, soil desertification and extreme weather. Yet the fundamentals of food production were last transformed in the mid-20th century. Fortunately, global investments in agricultural innovation are on the rise. Funds for agritech companies reached $16.2 billion in 2025. Of this, $9 billion went to new research into boosting farm yields, up from $2.5 billion in 2016. The focus of sustainability efforts is switching from preventing climate change to dealing with it and finding solutions. Scientists are developing alternatives to the pesticides and fertilisers that have dominated modern agriculture since the Green Revolution of the mid-20th century, based on a better understanding of plants themselves. B-COS, a team from Ghent University, is genetically engineering bacteria to produce a special kind of molecule (分子). Tomato and potato plants sprayed (喷洒) with the molecules are tricked into believing they are under attack and activate their natural defenses against infection. B-COS is applying this approach to two new products: one to improve growth and drought tolerance, and another which it claims can reduce disease incidence by 40-50%. Naturally, there are also companies exploring the opportunities presented by artificial intelligence. The general idea of this combination is called “precision agriculture”, which is to help farmers connect everything from the environmental conditions of individual fields to the genetic sequences (序列) of the bacteria present in the soil, and those of the plants themselves. This is then run through AI models that make predictions about the best conditions and treatments to achieve the highest yields or produce the highest-quality crops. “It is going to show us what’s going on in each square metre of the fields, such as temperature, water and carbon absorption,” says Mr. Anders, a managing partner of an agritech company. There is still a long way to go. In 2024, agricultural tech companies attracted just 1.3% of global early-stage venture-capital funding despite agriculture accounting for about 4% of global GDP. But if high-tech innovations still make their way, and the funds keep flowing, a new age of precision agriculture is coming. 1．What is highlighted concerning agricultural investment in paragraph 1? A．Its instability. B．Its source. C．Its influence. D．Its shift. 2．Why did the B-COS team spray the molecules on tomato and potato plants? A．To evaluate disease tolerance. B．To eliminate harmful substances. C．To boost natural resistance. D．To protect healthy plants. 3．What does “precision agriculture” contribute to? A．Accurate market forecasting. B．Efficient harvesting techniques. C．Sufficient genetic information. D．Reasonable agricultural planning. 4．What is the author’s purpose in presenting the data in the last paragraph? A．To call for greater investment. B．To warn of potential risks. C．To cast light on the achievements. D．To give credit to the companies. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $