Unit 4 Friends Forever 语法（关系代词引导的定语从句）-2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（外研版）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 4 Friends Forever 关系代词引导的定语从句 一、单句语法填空 1.（2026年全国一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【63题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 2.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 3.（2026年浙江1月）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 4．The volunteer we met at the community helped old people clean their houses every weekend. 【答案】who/whom/that/不填 【详解】句意：我们在社区遇到的那位志愿者每个周末都帮老人打扫房屋。此空考查定语从句关系代词，先行词the volunteer，指人，关系词在从句中作met的宾语，可以用who或whom或that或不填。 5．The little boy and his dog we saw in the park were playing happily by the lake. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们在公园里看到的那个小男孩和他的狗正在湖边开心地玩耍。此空考查定语从句关系代词，先行词同时包含人和物，关系代词在从句中作saw的宾语，只能用that。 6．The suggestion my father gave me helped me solve the problem. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：父亲给我的那条建议帮我解决了这个问题。此空考查定语从句，先行词为the suggestion，指物，在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 7．All the information you need for the project can be found on this official website. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：你做这个项目所需要的全部信息都可以在这个官网上找到。此空考查定语从句，先行词被All修饰，关系词在从句中作need的宾语，只能用that。 8．The athlete you met at the sports meeting has won several national gold medals. 【答案】who/whom/that 【详解】句意：你在运动会上遇见的那位运动员已经赢得好几枚全国金牌了。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为The athlete，指人，关系词在定语从句中作met的宾语，可用关系代词who/whom/that，也可以省略。 9．We should learn from those never give up when facing difficulties. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：我们应该向那些面对困难从不放弃的人学习。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用who。 10．Nothing we prepare is more important than first‑aid supplies. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们准备的任何东西，都没有急救用品重要。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Nothing，在从句中作宾语；Nothing为不定代词，只能用关系代词that引导。 11．The man with you shook hands just now is our manager. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：刚才和你握手的那个人是我们的经理。“with _____ you shook hands just now”为定语从句，先行词The man指人，shake hands with sb.为固定搭配，介词with后应用whom引导定语从句。 12．It is the tallest building Nancy has seen ever since she came here. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：这是南希自从来到这里以来见过的最高的建筑。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词building，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词被最高级the tallest修饰，关系代词只能用that。 13．The earthquake hit the city in 1906 was one of the biggest disasters in American history. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1906年，袭击这座城市的地震是美国历史上最大的灾难之一。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是earthquake，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或者which，故填that/which。 14．I still remember the college and the teachers I visited in London years ago. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我仍然记得几年前我在伦敦拜访过的学院和老师。分析句子成分可知，空中后面句子为定语从句，先行词为the college and the teachers，在从句中做宾语，而且先行词中既有人又有物，故填that。 15．No wonder the internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人转向获取信息的首选 。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰the first place，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词由序数词修饰，故用关系代词that引导限制性定语从句，故填that。 16．Organic farmers also plant diverse crops use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：有机农场主也种植不同的作物，这些作物利用不同深度的土壤来保持自身长得好。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词diverse crops，在从句中做主语，指物，用that或which引导。故填that/which。 17．This is the woman scientist research is known around the world. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是那位研究举世闻名的女科学家。句中先行词为the woman scientist ，在定语从句中作名词research的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。根据句意，故填whose。 18．When the girl studied in England, she lived with a host family members always helped her. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个女孩在英国时，她住在一个寄宿家庭里，家里人总是帮她。分析句子可知family“家庭”后用whose引导定语从句修饰family，解释这是一个什么样的家庭。定语句中做主语members“成员”的定语，需要用连词whose。故填whose。 19．I wish to thank Professor Li, without help I would never have got this far. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我要感谢李教授，没有他的帮助，我不会有今天的成就。这里考查的是定语从句用whose+名词引导的用法。without“没有”，是介词，help“帮助”，名词，此处是指前面Professor Li的帮助。故填whose。 20．Samuel survived when the car he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：Samuel幸免于难，当时他乘坐的那辆车在转弯时撞到了一棵树。根据句意可知，___________ he was a passenger in修饰名词the car，所以这是定语从句；分析定语从句句子成分可知，从句缺少宾语，所以要用关系代词；先行词the car指物，所以要用that或which。故填which/that。 21．Many children parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village． 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多孩子的父母外出大城市打工，他们在农村受到了很好的照顾。句中先行词为Many children，在定语从句中作名词parents的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。根据句意，故填whose。 22．People visit California get a special rush from going to mount Lee in Santa Monica and seeing the famous Hollywood sign, a lasting symbol of the American film and television industries. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：游览加利福尼亚的人们会有一种特别的冲动，去圣莫尼卡的李山，看著名的好莱坞标志，这美国电影和电视产业的一个永恒的象征。people为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词常用who。故填who。 23．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. 【答案】whom/who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我和去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的几位同学成了好朋友。此处是定语从句，先行词是the students，指人，在从句中做宾语，用关系代词whom/who/that。故填whom/who/that。 24．Now as a Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现在，作为一名中国国脚，吴邦国正在努力证明“中国有一些球员可以在世界上最好的联赛中大放异彩”，他告诉《环球时报》。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是players，指人，在从句中做主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 25．BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句/关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 26．Young adults have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在暴露于过大音量一段时间后，青少年会出现一些听力损失的症状。分析句子可知，have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time作定语从句修饰young adults ，从句缺少主语，先行词是young adults，指人，定语从句由关系代词who/that引导。故答案为who或者that。 27．Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language flexibly so that you are perceived to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people are foreign to you! 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学会灵活运用眼神交流等肢体语言，这样人们会觉得你有礼貌，并且能更好地与陌生人交流。分析可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为people，关系词代替它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 28．He became interested in two theories possibly explained how cholera killed people. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他对很有可能解释疟疾致人死亡的理论感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，“_5_ possibly explained how cholera killed people”是定语从句，关系词指代先行词theories，并在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 29．The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver received a surprise delivery of his own from "regulars". 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：很快，一位89岁的披萨外卖司机迎来了转机，他收到了来自“常客”的惊喜。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰driver，从句缺主语，指人，用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。 30．While it’s wonderful for people want to see what these museums offer and teach them, it’s not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：虽然这对那些想看看这些博物馆提供了什么并教给他们的人来说是很好的，但对于那些在资金方面面临日益困难的博物馆来说，这并不总是最好的。此处是定语从句，先行词为people，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 31．According to a study published in the UK recently, those like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：根据英国最近发表的一项研究，那些喜欢慢跑并每周定期进行至少一个小时的锻炼的人很有可能活得更长。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为those，those指人时，通常用关系代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填who。 32．It has been found that across all ages one in 10 people in the UK often feel lonely, a state can impact upon one’s physical health. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查考查定语从句关系词。句意：人们已经发现，在英国各个年龄的人们有十分之一的人经常感到孤独。这是一种能影响人们身体健康的状态。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是state(状态)，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。 33．Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了庇护所。成千上万的人得到了帮助。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词survivors，且在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。 34．There is a lake near our schoolyard depth is beyond your expectation. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们学校附近有一个湖，它的深度超出你的预料。分析句子结构可知，设空所在句 ________ depth is beyond your expectation用于修饰前面的名词lake，所以这是一个限定性定语从句，lake是先行词；根据句意可知，定语从句与先行词之间是从属关系，表示“谁的”，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 35．The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老城区有狭窄的街道和相距很近的小房子。分析可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词small houses，先行词在从句中作主语，指事物，用that或which都可以，故填that/which。 36．The research found that people keep fit are more likely to have better memories and clearer thinking. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究发现，保持健康的人更有可能拥有更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维。本空为定语从句引导词，先行词是people，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/ that。所以填who/that。 37．A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those are not. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一项研究表明，从事课外活动的学生比那些不从事课外活动的学生更快乐。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰those,在本句中those指人,故用who引导定语从句，故填who。 38．As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those live in downtown areas without enough parking spaces. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着越来越多的人拥有私家车，停车已经成为许多车主的一大头痛问题，特别是对于那些住在市中心没有足够的停车位的人。此处those作先行词，指人，后面的定语从句缺少主语，定语从句由关系代词who引导。故答案为who。 39．Since he came down with a disease caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自从他得了一种导致他失去大部分肌肉的疾病后，他的世界变成了一个抽象的思想世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导限定性定语从句，先行词是disease，指物，关系词在定语从句中主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that。故填which或that。 40．Research suggests that children parents spend more time playing with them are more likely to succeed. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究表明那些父母花更多时间陪他们玩的孩子更可能取得成功。空处引导定语从句，先行词children指人，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 二、完成句子 41．这就是我正在找的那本书。 This is the very book ______________. 【答案】 that I am looking for 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和定语从句。结合句意表示“寻找”可知短语为look for；此处为定语从句修饰先行词book，先行词在从句中作宾语，且由the very修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句；结合语境可知，此处表示动作目前正在进行，应用现在进行时。故填that I am looking for。 42．幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识到自己长处的人。 Happiness and success often come to those ___________________. 【答案】who are good at recognizing their own strength. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。be good at擅长，其中at为介词，后面接动名词作宾语；句中先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导该从句。根据句意，故填who are good at recognizing their own strength. 43．他告诉我的理由是合理的。 The reason __________________ is reasonable. 【答案】that/which he told me 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，the reason后接定语从句，the reason是先行词，先行词在从句中做宾语，因此可以用that或者which引导，根据汉语意思，故填that/which he told me。 44．那些从未见过这种情况的男孩子们吓得都往窗外跳去。 ________________ anything like this before started jumping out of the window. 【答案】Those boys who had never come across 【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。此处表示“男孩子们”应用复数名词boys，作主语，由those修饰；名词后跟定语从句修饰先行词boys，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词who引导；表示“见过，遇到”短语为come across，由副词never修饰；从句表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填Those boys who had never come across。 45．你想不想有一个无话不谈的朋友比如你最深的感受和想法。 Do you want a friend ___________________ like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 【答案】whom you can tell everything to 【详解】考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是a friend，在定语从句里作宾语，所以可以用关系代词whom引导,句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填whom you can tell everything to。 46．他不久将有足够的钱买那辆他渴望的自行车。 He would soon have enough money for the bicycle that ____________________________． 【答案】he longed for 【详解】考查固定结构和时态。分析可知，所填空对应汉语表达“他渴望的自行车”，因之前句为“would soon have”过去将来时，因此此句时态为一般过去时，he longed for the bicycle,且为定语从句，先行词为the bicycle，关系词that 已存在，故填 he longed for。 47．Wang Hua is the only person in our school__________________. 王华是我们学校唯一一个要去参加会议的人。 【答案】who will attend the meeting 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据中英文提示可知，空处需填“要去参加会议”；“参加”可表达为attend，作从句谓语动词，结合语境可知动作还未发生，应用一般将来时；特指某个会议用the meeting，作attend的宾语；关系词代替先行词the only person在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who。故填who will attend the meeting。 48．这是我曾看过的第一部美国电影。 This is the first American film ___________________________. 【答案】that I have ever seen 【详解】考查定语从句。此处American film是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作宾语，由于先行词由序数词first修饰，所以应用that引导定语从句。且定语从句为现在完成时。再结合所给汉语可知答案为that I have ever seen。 49．In our class, we have some students ________ ________ are not in Wuhan. 我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。 【答案】whose families 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格处缺少定语从句的主语，结合定语从句的先行词是some students，可用famililies作主语，famililies are not in Wuhan表示“家不在武汉市”；先行词some students在从句中作定语，用whose引导定语从句。故填whose families。 50．________________________ , she hasn’t got married. 据我所知，她还未结婚。 【答案】As I know 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“据我所知用”as I know表示，as引导定语从句位于句首，做宾语，“我知道”I know是描述现在的事情，用一般现在时。故填As I know。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 4 Friends Forever 关系代词引导的定语从句 一、单句语法填空 1.（2026年全国一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 3.（2026年浙江1月）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 4．The volunteer we met at the community helped old people clean their houses every weekend. 5．The little boy and his dog we saw in the park were playing happily by the lake. 6．The suggestion my father gave me helped me solve the problem. 7．All the information you need for the project can be found on this official website. 8．The athlete you met at the sports meeting has won several national gold medals. 9．We should learn from those never give up when facing difficulties. 10．Nothing we prepare is more important than first‑aid supplies. 11．The man with you shook hands just now is our manager. 12．It is the tallest building Nancy has seen ever since she came here. 13．The earthquake hit the city in 1906 was one of the biggest disasters in American history. 14．I still remember the college and the teachers I visited in London years ago. 15．No wonder the internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. 16．Organic farmers also plant diverse crops use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 17．This is the woman scientist research is known around the world. 18．When the girl studied in England, she lived with a host family members always helped her. 19．I wish to thank Professor Li, without help I would never have got this far. 20．Samuel survived when the car he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. 21．Many children parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village． 22．People visit California get a special rush from going to mount Lee in Santa Monica and seeing the famous Hollywood sign, a lasting symbol of the American film and television industries. 23．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. 24．Now as a Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times. 25．BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 26．Young adults have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms. 27．Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language flexibly so that you are perceived to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people are foreign to you! 28．He became interested in two theories possibly explained how cholera killed people. 29．The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver received a surprise delivery of his own from "regulars". 30．While it’s wonderful for people want to see what these museums offer and teach them, it’s not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding. 31．According to a study published in the UK recently, those like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life. 32．It has been found that across all ages one in 10 people in the UK often feel lonely, a state can impact upon one’s physical health. 33．Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. 34．There is a lake near our schoolyard depth is beyond your expectation. 35．The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other. 36．The research found that people keep fit are more likely to have better memories and clearer thinking. 37．A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those are not. 38．As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those live in downtown areas without enough parking spaces. 39．Since he came down with a disease caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. 40．Research suggests that children parents spend more time playing with them are more likely to succeed. 二、完成句子 41．这就是我正在找的那本书。 This is the very book ______________. 42．幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识到自己长处的人。 Happiness and success often come to those ___________________. 43．他告诉我的理由是合理的。 The reason __________________ is reasonable. 44．那些从未见过这种情况的男孩子们吓得都往窗外跳去。 ________________ anything like this before started jumping out of the window. 45．你想不想有一个无话不谈的朋友比如你最深的感受和想法。 Do you want a friend ___________________ like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 46．他不久将有足够的钱买那辆他渴望的自行车。 He would soon have enough money for the bicycle that ____________________________． 47．Wang Hua is the only person in our school__________________. 王华是我们学校唯一一个要去参加会议的人。 48．这是我曾看过的第一部美国电影。 This is the first American film ___________________________. 49．In our class, we have some students ________ ________ are not in Wuhan. 我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。 50．________________________ , she hasn’t got married. 据我所知，她还未结婚。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $