精品解析：上海2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语上学期期中基础测试卷

八年级第一学期期中基础测试卷 (时间:90分钟 满分:100分) Part 1 Listening(第一部分 听力)(25分) Ⅰ. Listening comprehension.(听力理解。)(本大题共15题,共25分) A. Listen and choose the right pictures.(根据你所听到的内容,选出相应的图片,每句放两遍。)(共5分) B. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to the question you hear.(根据你听到的短文，选出最恰当的答案，短文播放两遍。)(共10分) 6. Why was the author initially scared of the school festival speech? A. Because she didn’t like the topic. B. Because she feared public speaking. C. Because she had no time to prepare. 7. Who helped the author practice? A. The English teacher. B. A debate club friend. C. Her older sister. 8. Where did the author first practice the speech? A. In an empty classroom. B. In a park with ducks. C. In front of a mirror. 9. What happened during the actual speech? A. The author forgot a line. B. The audience laughed. C. The microphone broke. 10. What lesson did the author learn? A. Always memorize perfectly. B. Ducks make good audiences. C. Courage means trying despite fear. C. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences.(听短文,完成下列句子,每空格不超过三词，短文播放两遍。)(共10分) 11. ________ is the foundation of health. 12. Avoiding ________and sugary drinks reduces the risk of illnesses like obesity or diabetes. 13. ________ is equally important. 14. Teenagers need 8——9 hours of sleep each night to support ________ . 15. By making ________ today, we build a stronger body and a brighter future. Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分 词汇和语法)(20分) Ⅱ. Complete the following sentences as required.(根据所给要求完成句子。)(本大题共3题,每题2分，共6分) 1. She was watching TV when the power went off. (改为否定句) _________________________________________ 【答案】She wasn’t watching TV when the power went off. 【解析】 【详解】句意：停电时她正在看电视。改为否定句需在be动词was后加not，缩写为wasn’t，其余保持不变，因此否定句为“She wasn’t watching TV when the power went off.”。 2. He put the gifts in his room after people left. (对划线部分提问) _________________________________________ 【答案】When did he put the gifts in his room? 【解析】 【详解】句意：在人们离开后，他把礼物放在了他的房间里。划线部分是“after people left”，对时间状语提问用when，句首字母大写。原句是一般过去时，借助助动词did，后接动词原形put。 3. afraid, I, I’m, finish, can’t, the, on, time, job (连词成句) _________________________________________. 【答案】I’m afraid I can’t finish the job on time 【解析】 【详解】根据所给单词以及标点符号可知，固定句型“I’m afraid (that)…”意为“恐怕……”，后面接宾语从句；“on time”是固定短语，意为“按时”，情态动词can’t后接动词原形finish。 Ⅲ. (本大题共10题,每题1分,共10分) 选择最恰当的答案。 Reading opens doors to new worlds and endless ____4____. Whether it’s fiction or non-fiction, books have the power to open our minds and hearts. ____5____ we read stories, we experience different characters’ lives and experiences. This helps us develop empathy and understand people who are ____6____ from us. Historical novels, for example, can transport readers to ancient times, while science fiction might ____7____ future technologies. Besides entertainment, reading improves many skills. Regular readers often have larger vocabularies and better writing abilities. Studies show that students who read for pleasure usually ____8____ better academically. Even just 20 minutes of daily reading can make a significant difference in ____9____ development. Libraries play a crucial role in promoting reading. They provide free access to books for everyone, regardless of their ____10____ background. Many libraries also host storytelling events or book clubs to encourage community ____11____ about literature. In today’s digital age, e-books and audiobooks make reading more accessible than ever. However, some people still prefer the ____12____ feeling of holding a physical book and turning its pages. Whatever the format, the important thing is to keep ____13____ and exploring new ideas through reading. As Dr. Seuss wisely wrote, “The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.” 4. A. restrictions B. possibilities C. challenges 5. A. Though B. When C. Until 6. A. different B. similar C. equal 7. A. prevent B. imagine C. copy 8. A. perform B. fail C. avoid 9. A. physical B. language C. musical 10. A. economic B. age C. height 11. A. silence B. discussion C. competition 12. A. digital B. tangible C. invisible 13. A. learning B. sleeping C. guessing 【答案】4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要阐述了阅读的好处，包括开阔视野、培养同理心、提高学业表现，以及图书馆的作用和不同阅读格式的选择。 【4题详解】 句意：阅读打开新世界的大门和无限的可能性。 根据“opens doors to new worlds”可知，阅读带来的是可能性，possibilities“ 可能性”符合语境；restrictions“限制”、challenges“挑战”均不符合。 【5题详解】 句意：当我们读故事时，我们体验不同角色的生活和经历。 根据语境，读书的过程中体验角色生活，When符合时间逻辑；Though“虽然”、Until“直到”均不符合。 【6题详解】 句意：这帮助我们培养同理心并理解与我们不同的人。 根据“develop empathy”可知，同理心通常针对与自己不同的人，different“不同的”符合语境；similar“相似的”、equal“平等的”均不符合。 【7题详解】 句意：例如，历史小说可以把读者带到古代，而科幻小说或许可以想象未来的科技。 根据语境，科幻小说是对未来的构想，imagine“想象”符合语境；prevent“阻止”、copy“复制”均不符合。 【8题详解】 句意：研究表明，以阅读为乐的学生通常在学业上表现更好。 根据“better academically”可知，此处指学业表现，perform“表现”符合语境；fail“失败”、avoid“避免”均不符合。 【9题详解】 句意：即使每天只读20分钟，也能对语言发展产生重大影响。 根据语境，词汇和写作属于语言能力范畴，language“语言”符合语境；physical“身体的”、musical“音乐的”均不符合。 【10题详解】 句意：它们为每个人提供免费书籍访问，无论他们的经济背景如何。 根据“free access to books for everyone”，面向所有人，不分经济背景，economic“经济的”符合语境；age“年龄”、height“身高”均不符合。 【11题详解】 句意：许多图书馆还举办讲故事活动或读书俱乐部，以鼓励社区关于文学的讨论。 根据语境，俱乐部旨在交流思想，discussion“讨论”符合语境；silence“沉默”、competition“竞赛”均不符合。 【12题详解】 句意：然而，有些人仍然更喜欢持有实体书并翻页的可触摸感觉。 根据“holding a physical book”可知，实体书是可以触摸的，tangible“可触摸的”符合语境；digital“数字的”、invisible“看不见的”均不符合。 【13题详解】 句意：无论格式如何，重要的是保持学习并通过阅读探索新思想。 根据后文“exploring new ideas through reading”，阅读是持续学习的过程，learning“学习”符合语境；sleeping“睡觉”、guessing“猜测”均不符合。 Ⅳ. (本大题共4题，每题1分，共4分) Choose the proper words in the box to complete the following passage. Each word can be used only once. (选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。) A. consider B. operate C. promote D. against E. reduce China’s high-speed rail network has become one of the most advanced in the world. These trains can ____14____ at speeds of up to 350 km/h, dramatically reducing travel time between major cities. The construction of high-speed railways requires careful planning. Engineers must ____15____ various factors like terrain (地势) and weather conditions to ensure safety and efficiency. Advanced technologies, such as earthquake warning systems, are also installed to ____16____ potential risks. High-speed rail brings many benefits. It not only provides a comfortable travel experience but also helps ____17____ economic development by connecting different regions. As the network continues to expand, it will play an even more important role in China’s transportation system. 【答案】14. B 15. A 16. E 17. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国高铁网络的先进性、建设过程中的考量因素以及带来的经济益处。 【14题详解】 句意：这些列车能以高达350公里/小时的速度运营，大大减少了主要城市之间的旅行时间。情态动词“can”后接动词原形，根据“These trains...at speeds of up to 350 km/h”可知，是描述列车运行，应用“operate”。 【15题详解】 句意：工程师必须考虑地势和天气状况等各种因素，以确保安全和效率。情态动词“must”后接动词原形，根据宾语“various factors”可知，工程师需要考虑各种因素，“consider”符合句意。 【16题详解】 句意：先进技术，如地震预警系统，也被安装用来减少潜在风险。“to”后接动词原形表示目的，预警系统的目的是减少风险，“reduce”符合逻辑。 【17题详解】 句意：它不仅提供了舒适的旅行体验，还有助于通过连接不同地区来促进经济发展。分析句子可知，连接不同地区通常是为了促进经济发展，应用“promote”。 Part 3 Reading and Writing(第三部分 读写)(55分) V. Reading comprehension.(阅读理解。)(本大题共18题,共40分) A. (每题2分,共10分) 根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案。 The deep ocean is one of Earth’s last unexplored frontiers (前沿), home to strange and fascinating creatures. Unlike animals on land or in shallow waters, deep-sea species must survive extreme pressure, freezing temperatures, and complete darkness. Many have developed incredible adaptations to live in this harsh environment. One of the most famous deep-sea dwellers is the anglerfish (琵琶鱼), which uses a glowing lure to attract prey. The light comes from bioluminescent (生物发光的) bacteria living on its body—a clever trick in a world without sunlight. Another bizarre creature is the giant squid, which can grow up to 13 meters long and has the largest eyes of any animal, helping it see in the dark. Some deep-sea fish, like the barreleye (管眼鱼), have transparent heads filled with fluid, allowing their eyes to rotate upward to spot food falling from above. Others, such as the vampire squid, can turn themselves inside out to escape predators! Despite their adaptations, deep-sea life is under threat. Deep-sea mining and pollution are destroying habitats, and climate change may affect ocean currents that bring nutrients to these creatures. Scientists warn that we may lose species before we even discover them. 18. How does the anglerfish attract its prey? A. By making loud noises. B. By using a glowing lure. C. By releasing chemicals. D. By swimming very fast. 19. Why does the giant squid have such large eyes? A. To see in complete darkness. B. To scare away predators. C. To hunt during the day. D. To communicate with other squids. 20. What special ability does the vampire squid have? A. It can change colors like a chameleon. B. It can turn itself inside out. C. It can produce electricity. D. It can survive without water. 21. According to the passage, what is the threat to the habitats of deep-sea creatures? A. Overfishing. B. Deep-sea mining and pollution. C. Natural predators. D. Lack of food. 22. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The dangers of deep-sea exploration. B. The unique adaptations of deep-sea creatures. C. The effects of pollution on ocean life. D. The history of deep-sea discoveries. 【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B 21. B 22. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了深海极端环境下的生物及其独特的生存适应机制，列举了琵琶鱼、巨乌贼等例子，并指出了深海生命面临的威胁。 【18题详解】 根据文章第2段“One of the most famous deep-sea dwellers is the anglerfish, which uses a glowing lure to attract prey.”可知，琵琶鱼通过使用发光的诱饵来吸引猎物。 【19题详解】 根据文章第2段“Another bizarre creature is the giant squid, which can grow up to 13 meters long and has the largest eyes of any animal, helping it see in the dark.”可知，巨乌贼拥有大眼睛是为了在完全黑暗中视物。 【20题详解】 根据文章第3段“Others, such as the vampire squid, can turn themselves inside out to escape predators!”可知，吸血鬼乌贼的特殊能力是可以将身体由内向外翻过来，以此逃避捕食者。 【21题详解】 根据文章第4段“Deep-sea mining and pollution are destroying habitats...”可知，深海采矿和污染正在破坏深海生物的栖息地。 【22题详解】 通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了深海生物为了在极端环境中生存而发展出的各种独特适应能力。 B. (每题2分,共14分) Choose the best words to complete the passage. (选择最恰当的单词完成短文。) Helping others brings happiness not only to those we help, but also to ourselves. When we ____23____ our time or skills to support people in need, we create positive changes in our community. Small acts of kindness matter. Holding the door for someone carrying heavy bags, or ____24____ your seat on the bus to an elderly person—— these simple actions show respect and make daily life more pleasant for everyone. Volunteering offers great opportunities to help. At animal shelters, volunteers walk dogs and clean cages. In community centers, they might teach children to read or help serve meals to the ____25____. Such experiences often teach volunteers valuable life lessons too. Helping doesn’t require money. Donating unused clothes, sharing homemade cookies with a lonely neighbor, or even just listening to someone who feels ____26____ —— these all make a difference. Scientists have found that helping others releases “feel-good” chemicals in our brains. People who volunteer regularly report higher levels of ____27____ and life satisfaction. It also helps us appreciate what we have when we see others facing challenges. Next time you see a chance to help, take it! You might discover hidden talents, make new friends, and see the world from different ____28____. As the saying goes: “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” Remember, no kind action is ever too ____29____ —— every good deed creates ripples of positivity in the world. 23. A. waste B. donate C. forget D. hide 24. A. keeping B. offering C. selling D. painting 25. A. homeless B. richest C. tallest D. fastest 26. A. proud B. lonely C. angry D. busy 27. A. sadness B. happiness C. fear D. hunger 28. A. rules B. perspectives C. corners D. mirrors 29. A. small B. expensive C. difficult D. late 【答案】23. B 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了帮助他人不仅能给被帮助者带来快乐，也能给自己带来快乐。文章通过日常小事、志愿服务和科学研究发现等方面，说明帮助他人意义重大，鼓励人们抓住机会去帮助别人。 【23题详解】 句意：当我们捐出我们的时间或技能去支持需要帮助的人时，我们为社区创造了积极的变化。 根据下文“to support people in need”，捐出自己的时间或技能去帮助别人，donate“捐献”符合语境。waste“浪费”、forget“忘记”和hide“隐藏”均不符。 【24题详解】 句意：为提着重袋子的人开门，或者在公共汽车上把座位让给老人——这些简单的举动表达了尊重，让每个人的日常生活更加愉快。 根据上文“Holding the door for someone”，让座给老人是善举，offering“主动提供”符合语境。keeping“保留”、selling“卖”和painting“粉刷”均不符。 【25题详解】 句意：在社区中心，他们可能教孩子们阅读，或者帮助为无家可归的人提供食物。 根据上文“Volunteering offers great opportunities to help”，志愿服务帮助的对象应是弱势群体，the homeless“无家可归的人”符合语境。the richest“最富有的人”、the tallest“最高的人”和the fastest“最快的人”均不符。 【26题详解】 句意：捐赠不用的衣服，与孤独的邻居分享自制的饼干，甚至只是倾听感到孤独的人——这些都能带来改变。 根据上文“sharing homemade cookies with a lonely neighbor”，孤独的邻居容易感到孤独，需要有人倾听，lonely“孤独的”符合语境。proud“自豪的”、angry“生气的”和busy“忙碌的”均不符。 【27题详解】 句意：定期做志愿服务的人报告说他们有更高水平的幸福感和生活满意度。 根据上文“helping others releases ‘feel-good’ chemicals in our brains”，帮助他人大脑释放令人愉快的化学物质，人们会感到幸福，happiness“幸福”符合语境，且与life satisfaction相呼应。sadness“悲伤”、fear“恐惧”和hunger“饥饿”均不符。 【28题详解】 句意：你可能会发现隐藏的才能，结交新朋友，并从不同的角度看世界。 根据上文“see the world from different”，从不同的“角度”看世界，perspectives“角度；视角”符合语境。rules“规则”、corners“角落”和mirrors“镜子”均不符。 【29题详解】 句意：记住：没有任何善举是太小的——每一个善行都会在世界上产生积极的涟漪。 根据下文“every good deed creates ripples of positivity in the world”，每个善行都有意义，说明再小的善举也值得做，small“小的”符合语境。expensive“昂贵的”、difficult“困难的”和late“迟的”均不符。 C. (第45至49题,每题2分,第50题6分,共16分) Read the passage and complete the tasks. (根据短文内容完成任务。) In an ambitious effort to combat deforestation, eight tropical nations—— including Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo—— have partnered with MIT researchers to deploy Seed Drone Swarms, an advanced reforestation system. These AI-guided drones use LiDAR sensors to analyze soil composition, humidity levels, and sunlight exposure before planting genetically diverse tree saplings (树苗) at a rate of 20,000 per day. Each biodegradable seed pod contains a nutrient-rich hydrogel (水凝胶) that enhances water retention, boosting survival rates to 90% compared to traditional manual planting’s 60%. The drones also monitor growth progress, adjusting irrigation and fertilizer distribution via satellite-linked AI. Traditional reforestation methods are labor-intensive and slow, often struggling with low sapling survival due to poor soil matching. By contrast, Seed Drone Swarms optimize (使最优化) planting locations in real time, covering 50 hectares daily—— equivalent to 70 football fields. Early results in the Amazon show 40% faster canopy (林冠) recovery than human-led efforts. A key challenge is drone battery life in humid conditions. Engineers are testing solar-charging docking stations that double as weather monitoring posts. Another hurdle is seed pod durability; new fungal-resistant (抗真菌的) coatings are being developed to prevent pre-germination (催芽) decay. This initiative could sequester (隔离) 1.5 million tons of CO₂ annually by 2030 while creating 20,000 green jobs in local communities training as drone operators. Task 1 Answer the questions 30. What two technologies do the drones combine for planting? _______________________________________________ 31. How does the hydrogel in seed pods help trees? _______________________________________________ 32. What is the survival rate of tree saplings planted by the drones? _______________________________________________ 33. Why are solar-charging docking stations needed for the drones? _______________________________________________ 34. How many green jobs might this project create? _______________________________________________ Task 2 35. Explain why drone planting is more efficient than manual methods. (不超过30词) _______________________________________________ 【答案】30. AI guidance and LiDAR sensors. 31. It enhances water retention. 32. 90%. 33. To address drone battery life issues in humid conditions. 34. 20,000. 35. Drones plant faster with optimized locations and self-monitoring. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍多国联合麻省理工研发的种子无人机集群造林系统，介绍其工作原理、优势、现存难题以及该项目在固碳、创造就业方面的价值。 【30题详解】 第一段第二句“These AI-guided drones use LiDAR sensors to analyze soil composition…”，直接提取原文两项核心技术：AI引导、激光雷达传感器，可以填AI guidance and LiDAR sensors.。 【31题详解】 第一段第三句“Each biodegradable seed pod contains a nutrient-rich hydrogel that enhances water retention…”直接提取水凝胶的作用：增强保水能力，提升树苗存活率，可以填It enhances water retention.。 【32题详解】 第一段第三句“boosting survival rates to 90% compared to traditional manual planting’s 60%.”，直接读取数字90%，可以填90%.。 【33题详解】 第三段“A key challenge is drone battery life in humid conditions. Engineers are testing solar-charging docking stations…”，概括原文，目的是解决潮湿环境下无人机电池续航的难题，可以填To address drone battery life issues in humid conditions.。 【34题详解】 最后一段“creating 20,000 green jobs in local communities…”，直接提取数字，可以填20,000.。 【35题详解】 第二段提到传统人工造林费时费力，无人机可实时优化种植地点，每日覆盖面积大，林冠恢复更快，还可监测生长。整合原文要点，精简语句，控制在30词以内，可以填Drones plant faster with optimized locations and self-monitoring.。 Ⅵ. Writing.(写作。)(共15分) 36. Write at least 50 words about the topic “I love reading”. (以“我爱阅读”为题写一篇不少于50个词的短文，标点符号不占格。) Suggested questions： Why do you like reading? What can you learn from books? How does reading change you? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 I love reading I love reading because books open magical worlds to me. Through stories, I travel to different places and times without leaving my room. Books teach me knowledge, courage and kindness. After reading, I always think differently—I become more curious and understanding. Every book is a small window, letting me see the world with fresh eyes. Reading makes my life richer and my mind brighter. 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，一般现在时 明确要点：爱阅读的原因；从书本中学到什么；阅读带给我的改变。 确定人称：第一人称（I） 注意事项：不少于50个词的短文，标点符号不占格。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明主题，说明喜爱阅读的理由。 主体段：写阅读带给自身思想、认知上的改变。 结尾段：总结阅读的价值，升华主旨。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：喜欢阅读的理由 books open magical worlds to me/Reading brings me quiet joy whenever I open a book/Reading is my best friend and fills my free time with fun等 要点二：从书本中学到什么 teach me knowledge, courage and kindness/how to face difficulties and care for others/learn lots of life lessons and useful skills from books等 要点三：阅读带来的改变 I become more curious and understanding/think independently and see the world in new ways/help me calm down and express my ideas better等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级第一学期期中基础测试卷 (时间:90分钟 满分:100分) Part 1 Listening(第一部分 听力)(25分) Ⅰ. Listening comprehension.(听力理解。)(本大题共15题,共25分) A. Listen and choose the right pictures.(根据你所听到的内容,选出相应的图片,每句放两遍。)(共5分) B. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to the question you hear.(根据你听到的短文，选出最恰当的答案，短文播放两遍。)(共10分) 6. Why was the author initially scared of the school festival speech? A. Because she didn’t like the topic. B. Because she feared public speaking. C. Because she had no time to prepare. 7. Who helped the author practice? A. The English teacher. B. A debate club friend. C. Her older sister. 8. Where did the author first practice the speech? A. In an empty classroom. B. In a park with ducks. C. In front of a mirror. 9. What happened during the actual speech? A. The author forgot a line. B. The audience laughed. C. The microphone broke. 10. What lesson did the author learn? A. Always memorize perfectly. B. Ducks make good audiences. C. Courage means trying despite fear. C. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences.(听短文,完成下列句子,每空格不超过三词，短文播放两遍。)(共10分) 11. ________ is the foundation of health. 12. Avoiding ________and sugary drinks reduces the risk of illnesses like obesity or diabetes. 13. ________ is equally important. 14. Teenagers need 8——9 hours of sleep each night to support ________ . 15. By making ________ today, we build a stronger body and a brighter future. Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分 词汇和语法)(20分) Ⅱ. Complete the following sentences as required.(根据所给要求完成句子。)(本大题共3题,每题2分，共6分) 1. She was watching TV when the power went off. (改为否定句) _________________________________________ 2. He put the gifts in his room after people left. (对划线部分提问) _________________________________________ 3. afraid, I, I’m, finish, can’t, the, on, time, job (连词成句) _________________________________________. Ⅲ. (本大题共10题,每题1分,共10分) 选择最恰当的答案。 Reading opens doors to new worlds and endless ____4____. Whether it’s fiction or non-fiction, books have the power to open our minds and hearts. ____5____ we read stories, we experience different characters’ lives and experiences. This helps us develop empathy and understand people who are ____6____ from us. Historical novels, for example, can transport readers to ancient times, while science fiction might ____7____ future technologies. Besides entertainment, reading improves many skills. Regular readers often have larger vocabularies and better writing abilities. Studies show that students who read for pleasure usually ____8____ better academically. Even just 20 minutes of daily reading can make a significant difference in ____9____ development. Libraries play a crucial role in promoting reading. They provide free access to books for everyone, regardless of their ____10____ background. Many libraries also host storytelling events or book clubs to encourage community ____11____ about literature. In today’s digital age, e-books and audiobooks make reading more accessible than ever. However, some people still prefer the ____12____ feeling of holding a physical book and turning its pages. Whatever the format, the important thing is to keep ____13____ and exploring new ideas through reading. As Dr. Seuss wisely wrote, “The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.” 4. A. restrictions B. possibilities C. challenges 5. A. Though B. When C. Until 6. A. different B. similar C. equal 7. A. prevent B. imagine C. copy 8. A. perform B. fail C. avoid 9. A. physical B. language C. musical 10. A. economic B. age C. height 11. A. silence B. discussion C. competition 12. A. digital B. tangible C. invisible 13. A. learning B. sleeping C. guessing Ⅳ. (本大题共4题，每题1分，共4分) Choose the proper words in the box to complete the following passage. Each word can be used only once. (选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。) A. consider B. operate C. promote D. against E. reduce China’s high-speed rail network has become one of the most advanced in the world. These trains can ____14____ at speeds of up to 350 km/h, dramatically reducing travel time between major cities. The construction of high-speed railways requires careful planning. Engineers must ____15____ various factors like terrain (地势) and weather conditions to ensure safety and efficiency. Advanced technologies, such as earthquake warning systems, are also installed to ____16____ potential risks. High-speed rail brings many benefits. It not only provides a comfortable travel experience but also helps ____17____ economic development by connecting different regions. As the network continues to expand, it will play an even more important role in China’s transportation system. Part 3 Reading and Writing(第三部分 读写)(55分) V. Reading comprehension.(阅读理解。)(本大题共18题,共40分) A. (每题2分,共10分) 根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案。 The deep ocean is one of Earth’s last unexplored frontiers (前沿), home to strange and fascinating creatures. Unlike animals on land or in shallow waters, deep-sea species must survive extreme pressure, freezing temperatures, and complete darkness. Many have developed incredible adaptations to live in this harsh environment. One of the most famous deep-sea dwellers is the anglerfish (琵琶鱼), which uses a glowing lure to attract prey. The light comes from bioluminescent (生物发光的) bacteria living on its body—a clever trick in a world without sunlight. Another bizarre creature is the giant squid, which can grow up to 13 meters long and has the largest eyes of any animal, helping it see in the dark. Some deep-sea fish, like the barreleye (管眼鱼), have transparent heads filled with fluid, allowing their eyes to rotate upward to spot food falling from above. Others, such as the vampire squid, can turn themselves inside out to escape predators! Despite their adaptations, deep-sea life is under threat. Deep-sea mining and pollution are destroying habitats, and climate change may affect ocean currents that bring nutrients to these creatures. Scientists warn that we may lose species before we even discover them. 18. How does the anglerfish attract its prey? A. By making loud noises. B. By using a glowing lure. C. By releasing chemicals. D. By swimming very fast. 19. Why does the giant squid have such large eyes? A. To see in complete darkness. B. To scare away predators. C. To hunt during the day. D. To communicate with other squids. 20. What special ability does the vampire squid have? A. It can change colors like a chameleon. B. It can turn itself inside out. C. It can produce electricity. D. It can survive without water. 21. According to the passage, what is the threat to the habitats of deep-sea creatures? A. Overfishing. B. Deep-sea mining and pollution. C. Natural predators. D. Lack of food. 22. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The dangers of deep-sea exploration. B. The unique adaptations of deep-sea creatures. C. The effects of pollution on ocean life. D. The history of deep-sea discoveries. B. (每题2分,共14分) Choose the best words to complete the passage. (选择最恰当的单词完成短文。) Helping others brings happiness not only to those we help, but also to ourselves. When we ____23____ our time or skills to support people in need, we create positive changes in our community. Small acts of kindness matter. Holding the door for someone carrying heavy bags, or ____24____ your seat on the bus to an elderly person—— these simple actions show respect and make daily life more pleasant for everyone. Volunteering offers great opportunities to help. At animal shelters, volunteers walk dogs and clean cages. In community centers, they might teach children to read or help serve meals to the ____25____. Such experiences often teach volunteers valuable life lessons too. Helping doesn’t require money. Donating unused clothes, sharing homemade cookies with a lonely neighbor, or even just listening to someone who feels ____26____ —— these all make a difference. Scientists have found that helping others releases “feel-good” chemicals in our brains. People who volunteer regularly report higher levels of ____27____ and life satisfaction. It also helps us appreciate what we have when we see others facing challenges. Next time you see a chance to help, take it! You might discover hidden talents, make new friends, and see the world from different ____28____. As the saying goes: “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” Remember, no kind action is ever too ____29____ —— every good deed creates ripples of positivity in the world. 23. A. waste B. donate C. forget D. hide 24. A. keeping B. offering C. selling D. painting 25. A. homeless B. richest C. tallest D. fastest 26. A. proud B. lonely C. angry D. busy 27. A. sadness B. happiness C. fear D. hunger 28. A. rules B. perspectives C. corners D. mirrors 29. A. small B. expensive C. difficult D. late C. (第45至49题,每题2分,第50题6分,共16分) Read the passage and complete the tasks. (根据短文内容完成任务。) In an ambitious effort to combat deforestation, eight tropical nations—— including Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo—— have partnered with MIT researchers to deploy Seed Drone Swarms, an advanced reforestation system. These AI-guided drones use LiDAR sensors to analyze soil composition, humidity levels, and sunlight exposure before planting genetically diverse tree saplings (树苗) at a rate of 20,000 per day. Each biodegradable seed pod contains a nutrient-rich hydrogel (水凝胶) that enhances water retention, boosting survival rates to 90% compared to traditional manual planting’s 60%. The drones also monitor growth progress, adjusting irrigation and fertilizer distribution via satellite-linked AI. Traditional reforestation methods are labor-intensive and slow, often struggling with low sapling survival due to poor soil matching. By contrast, Seed Drone Swarms optimize (使最优化) planting locations in real time, covering 50 hectares daily—— equivalent to 70 football fields. Early results in the Amazon show 40% faster canopy (林冠) recovery than human-led efforts. A key challenge is drone battery life in humid conditions. Engineers are testing solar-charging docking stations that double as weather monitoring posts. Another hurdle is seed pod durability; new fungal-resistant (抗真菌的) coatings are being developed to prevent pre-germination (催芽) decay. This initiative could sequester (隔离) 1.5 million tons of CO₂ annually by 2030 while creating 20,000 green jobs in local communities training as drone operators. Task 1 Answer the questions 30. What two technologies do the drones combine for planting? _______________________________________________ 31. How does the hydrogel in seed pods help trees? _______________________________________________ 32. What is the survival rate of tree saplings planted by the drones? _______________________________________________ 33. Why are solar-charging docking stations needed for the drones? _______________________________________________ 34. How many green jobs might this project create? _______________________________________________ Task 2 35. Explain why drone planting is more efficient than manual methods. (不超过30词) _______________________________________________ Ⅵ. Writing.(写作。)(共15分) 36. Write at least 50 words about the topic “I love reading”. (以“我爱阅读”为题写一篇不少于50个词的短文，标点符号不占格。) Suggested questions： Why do you like reading? What can you learn from books? How does reading change you? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $