2026-2027学年人教版高三上学期10月英语学情模拟练习

2026-2027高三10月英语学情模拟练习 · 答案与解析 第二部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（21–35） A篇（磷元素的发现） 21. 【答案】B　【解析】主旨大意题。全文围绕 Hennig Brand 意外发现磷元素及其对科学史的影响展开，尾段点明这一发现“标志着魔法化学时代的结束与现代化学的开端”。A 侧重炼金术衰落、C 侧重人尿、D 侧重点石成金，均非文章主线。 22. 【答案】A　【解析】细节理解题。第一段指出 Brand 受“炼金术士把贱金属变成黄金的古老梦想”驱使，并认为“黄金的钥匙在于人尿”，故他最初的目标是“把人尿变成黄金”。 23. 【答案】D　【解析】词义猜测题。cornerstone 本义为“基石”；尾段说磷“曾被视为致富手段，如今成为科学的基石”，与 foundation（基础）同义。 B篇（Zero Hunger） 24. 【答案】C　【解析】句意猜测题。“staggers the imagination”字面意为“令想象力为之震惊、难以思议”，结合前文“全球饥饿的规模令人震惊（staggers the imagination）且仍在恶化”，此处指饥饿的庞大尺度几乎超出人们的理解范围（almost beyond comprehension），故选 C。 25. 【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。第三段明确列举饥饿的成因，其中提到“极端天气事件摧毁家园并使农田无法使用（making farmland unusable）”，故 B 正确；A“缺少愿意务农的工人”、C“全球禁止谷物出口”、D“富国拒绝提供援助”在文中均未提及，属干扰项。 26. 【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。第五段明确写道：“The UN World Food Programme aids farmers by helping them connect to local economies, improve production methods and reduce crop losses.”（帮助农民对接本地经济、改进生产方式、减少作物损失），故 B 正确；A“免费提供高产品种”、C“培训修建灌溉系统”（属 the Hunger Project 的工作）、D“直接向弱者分发营养食品”（对象并非农民）均不符。 27. 【答案】D　【解析】标题/主旨题。文章以联合国“Zero Hunger”目标切入，先呈现饥饿现状之严峻，再分析其成因（武装冲突、极端天气、食物损失与浪费），最后给出多方对策（Hunger Project、WFP、个人行动），整体勾勒出当代饥饿问题的新图景，D“The New Face of Hunger（饥饿的新面貌）”最能概括全文立意；A 偏重目标进程、B 仅侧重气候、C 虽结构全面但语气偏说明文，均不如 D 贴切。 C篇（步行的健康益处） 28. 【答案】A　【解析】主旨/写作目的题。文章既阐述步行对身体的好处（情绪、心肺、骨骼、慢病预防），又分析人们步行的障碍（缺乏安全步行空间）及改善之道，A 表述最准确。 29. 【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。第二段末句：“In a few months these changes lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke”，直接对应 B；A 中 cortisol（压力激素）是被抑制而非被触发；C、D 均与文意相反。 30. 【答案】C　【解析】写作意图题。开篇以 Jean Beliveau 的极端徒步事例引出话题，随即转折到“即便每天适度步行也大有裨益”，即用事例引出“步行及其健康效应”这一主题。 31. 【答案】B　【解析】推理判断题。第四段香港老年人研究表明，居住在宜步行社区的人孤独感更低、生活满意度更高，说明社区（居住环境）的设计会影响居民的福祉。 D篇（孕期大脑变化） 32. 【答案】C　【解析】主旨大意题。全文报道一项对一名女性孕前、孕中、产后共 26 次的脑部扫描研究，重点说明孕期大脑如何发生变化（白质增强、灰质减少，且具适应性），C“孕期大脑如何发生变化”最贴切；A 仅侧重日常记忆、B 侧重扫描技术突破、D 侧重与青春期对比，均非主线。 33. 【答案】B　【解析】推理判断题。第三段指出“mommy brain”所描述的大脑变化“很可能是适应性的（likely adaptive）”，并举例“你可能忘带钥匙，却更关注宝宝”，因此文章建议女性平和地接纳（accept calmly）这些变化，将其视为可能的适应性改变，选 B；A“视为认知衰退”、C“不惜一切代价预防”、D“兴奋地期待”均与文意不符。 34. 【答案】A　【解析】推理判断题。倒数第二段将孕期大脑变化与青春期类比（均“由激素驱动”），末句指出“尽管常说大脑在二十多岁停止发育，激素似乎在整个成年期驱动巨大而持久的变化”，故可推知激素很可能在青春期之后仍驱动大脑变化，选 A；B 与“团队尚不知某些区域为何变化更快”矛盾；C 与“产后两年灰质减少依然存在”矛盾；D 与“变化由激素驱动”矛盾。 35. 【答案】A　【解析】推理判断题。末段指出灰质减少 4% 并在产后两年依然存在、80% 脑区萎缩，且前文提到“仅凭数十年后的神经影像数据即可判断某人是否怀过孕”，说明孕期大脑变化可能产生持久（long-lasting）的影响，选 A；B“只是暂时的”、C“已完全阐明确切目的”、D“仅影响很小部分”均与文意相反。 第二节　七选五（36–40） 【答案】36. G　37. E　38. D　39. B　40. A　（多余项：C、F） 36. 【答案】G　【解析】首段段末设空，前文“一项新研究发现……”，G“研究者警告其影响将远超山区”承接研究发现，并自然过渡到下文的测量数据，逻辑顺畅。 37. 【答案】E　【解析】第二段讲极端降雨增加及“雨水不像雪那样可被储存”，E“山区暴雨比大雪引发更多问题（洪涝、滑坡等）”先总述问题，再由“And the rain is not conveniently stored…”衔接，契合。 38. 【答案】D　【解析】第三段列举美国西部等高降雨区后，D“亚洲喜马拉雅、天山、兴都库什及阿尔卑斯山也受影响”补充另一热点区域，扩展例证。 39. 【答案】B　【解析】第四段讲约四分之一人口受波及，B“他指出洪涝还会损害粮食生产”与后文“加州农作物与牲畜损失”的例证紧密衔接。 40. 【答案】A　【解析】第五段讲旱季可借雪蓄水，A“但他们无法用暴雨做到这一点”与“so as warming causes rainier extremes…”形成取舍困境，逻辑严密。多余项 C（雪的洪涝影响因融化慢而减弱）与 F（山地系统供应大部分水源）均未入选。 第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节　完形填空（41–55） 【答案】41. A　42. B　43. C　44. D　45. A　46. B　47. C　48. D　49. A　50. C　51. B　52. D　53. C　54. A　55. B 41. 【答案】A　【解析】形容词辨析。rigid 意为“刻板的、僵化的”，修饰 corridors 与后文 tradition and conformity（因循守旧）相呼应，形容学院氛围僵化守旧。 42. 【答案】B　【解析】名词辨析。freshness 意为“清新、新鲜之气”，a breath of freshness 比喻基廷老师如闷室中吹入的一缕清新，打破沉闷。 43. 【答案】C　【解析】形容词辨析。unique 意为“独特的”，说明他有一种让文字“活起来”的独特教学方式，与前文 challenge 呼应。 44. 【答案】D　【解析】名词辨析。potential 意为“潜力”，与 dreams 并列，指昔日学子“也曾有梦想与潜力”。 45. 【答案】A　【解析】动词辨析。bury 意为“埋葬”，此处比喻“埋没、扼杀”，Don't let this place bury your ambitions 即“别让这里埋没你的抱负”。 46. 【答案】B　【解析】名词辨析。haven 意为“避风港、圣地”，his special haven 指他与学生秘密聚会的“庇护所”。 47. 【答案】C　【解析】名词辨析。enthusiasm 意为“热情”，与全文 passion 主题呼应，recite with such enthusiasm 指满怀热情地朗诵。 48. 【答案】D　【解析】动词辨析。express 意为“表达”，It's the way we express the deepest desires 指诗歌是表达内心渴望的方式。 49. 【答案】A　【解析】名词辨析。voice 此处意为“心声、自我表达的方式”，find their own voice 指“找到自己的声音/表达自我”。 50. 【答案】C　【解析】分词形容词辨析。guiding 意为“指引的”，like a guiding star 比喻如“指引之星”照亮 Neil。 51. 【答案】B　【解析】形容词辨析。precious 意为“珍贵的”，Your dreams are precious 鼓励 Neil 珍视自己的梦想。 52. 【答案】D　【解析】形容词辨析。confident 意为“自信的”，在基廷的鼓励下 Neil 变得“更自信”，相信自己能超越父亲期望。 53. 【答案】C　【解析】形容词比较级辨析。deeper 意为“更深的”，the deeper meaning 指文学中“更深层的含义”。 54. 【答案】A　【解析】名词辨析。treasure 意为“珍宝”，a treasure chest 为固定搭配“百宝箱/宝藏箱”，比喻头脑如宝藏。 55. 【答案】B　【解析】名词辨析。courage 意为“勇气”，finding the courage to speak up 指 Todd 终于“找到开口表达的勇气”。 第二节　语法填空（56–65） 【答案】56. analyses　57. of　58. is grown　59. harvested　60. the　61. Scientific　62. Drinking　63. that　64. slightly　65. more popular 56. 【答案】analyses　【解析】考查名词特殊复数。analyze 的名词形式为 analysis，复数须变 -sis 为 -ses，即 analyses。Fresh analyses of the beans… 57. 【答案】of　【解析】考查介词。Of great (economic) value 为固定表达“具有……价值”，此处“Of great economic value,”作状语前置。 58. 【答案】is grown　【解析】考查时态与被动语态。主语 the coffee plant 与 grow 为被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故用 is grown。 59. 【答案】harvested　【解析】考查非谓语动词。Once harvested = Once it is harvested，过去分词作时间状语，表被动且完成。 60. 【答案】the　【解析】考查冠词。形容词最高级 most widely consumed 前必须加定冠词 the。 61. 【答案】Scientific　【解析】考查词性转换（名→形）。science（科学，名词）转换为 scientific（科学的，形容词），修饰 research。 62. 【答案】Drinking　【解析】考查非谓语动词。Drinking in moderation 为现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语为 most people（人们适度饮用），表主动进行。 63. 【答案】that　【解析】考查连词/从句引导词。so…that 引导结果状语从句，“如此强烈以至于让他彻夜难眠”。 64. 【答案】slightly　【解析】考查词性转换（形→副）。修饰动词 rise 须用副词，slight → slightly。 65. 【答案】more popular　【解析】考查形容词比较级。由 than ever 可知须用比较级 more popular。 命题说明：3 个无提示词分落于 57(of 介词)、60(the 冠词)、63(that 连词/从句引导词)，与 7 个有提示词交错分布，符合高考及浙江卷“3 无提示 + 7 有提示且提示与非提示穿插”的命题惯例；全文约 208 词，挖空与行文长度协调。 第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节　应用文写作（范文，约80词） Dear organizer, I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks for the traditional Chinese culture exhibition I visited last Sunday. I was deeply impressed by the wealth of artifacts and the lively demonstrations. What touched me most was the calligraphy section, where I tried writing with a brush and felt the unique charm of Chinese characters. I firmly believe such exhibitions play a vital role in passing down our culture to the younger generation. Thank you for this inspiring and unforgettable experience. Yours sincerely, Wang Xin 【写作点拨】三段式覆盖三点要求：①参观时间（last Sunday）与感受（deeply impressed）；②最喜爱的部分（calligraphy section）及原因（charm of Chinese characters）；③文化传承看法（passing down our culture）并致谢。时态以一般过去时叙述参观、一般现在时表达观点；亮点表达 heartfelt thanks、vital role、unforgettable experience。 第二节　读后续写（范文，约150词） Paragraph 1: I couldn't believe my ears! For a moment I thought I had misheard the kind stranger. When Patty pressed the tickets into my hands, tears welled up in my eyes. I thanked her again and again, explaining how much this meant to my children after such a hard year. She simply smiled and hoped they would remember this day. My husband and the kids gathered around, their faces lit up with disbelief and joy. We hugged Patty goodbye and walked quickly toward the entrance, our earlier disappointment replaced by pure excitement. Paragraph 2: I gathered my family and we hurried into Disneyland excitedly. The children squealed with delight at the castles and parades, and for the first time in months we laughed without worry. My son, despite his diabetes, walked proudly with his new LEGO set, energized by the magic around him. We rode carousels, met beloved characters, and watched fireworks light up the sky. That evening I called my mother back, telling her how a stranger's kindness had turned our ruined plan into the best day of the year. It was a lesson my children would never forget: generosity can transform even the darkest smoke into light. 【写作点拨】两段首句已给定。Para 1 承接“不敢相信”，描写接过门票的震惊与感动、家人反应；Para 2 写入园后的欢乐细节（LEGO set、fireworks）并升华主题——陌生人的善意将困境化为光明。要点：情绪递进自然、细节具体、主题句收尾（generosity transforms smoke into light），词数约 150。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027高三10月英语学情模拟练习 （考试时间120分钟 满分150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 3. 回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 本卷以笔试形式考查，听力部分另行安排。 第一部分 听力（略） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists' dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements. Brand's journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵). After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science – a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark. Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious. The implications of Brand's discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches, fertilizers, and various chemicals. Hennig Brand's accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand's phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of the power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 21. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists. B. The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact. C. The importance of human urine in scientific experiments. D. The transformation of base metals into gold through magic. 22. What was Hennig Brand's initial goal when he started his experiments? A. To turn human urine into gold. B. To discover a new element. C. To produce a glowing substance. D. To reform modern chemistry. 23. The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. foundation B Why, in a world where we technically produce enough food to feed everyone, do millions of people go to bed hungry each night? The statistics are tragic, and such a contradiction should have no place in our modern world. The UN's second sustainability goal, “Zero Hunger,” is an ambitious plan to end hunger in the world by 2030. However, the global scale of the hunger staggers the imagination, and it's getting worse. According to World Vision, as many as 828 million people, or 10% of the global population, are suffering from food insecurity. What are the driving forces behind this problem of hunger? Armed conflict is one. It forces people away from their homes, ruins economies and turns millions of people into refugees (难民) who become reliant on aid and luck for their daily needs. Extreme weather events also drive world hunger by destroying homes and making farmland unusable. Finally, around 30 percent of the world's food is lost or wasted annually. Food loss occurs when food is damaged or spoiled while moving through the supply chain. Food waste happens when individuals, supermarkets or restaurants buy more food than they need and throw away the unnecessary. Despite these terrible facts, World Hunger Day isn't just about bad news. Founded in 2011 by the Hunger Project, World Hunger Day is also about celebrating solutions that will eliminate (消除) starvation. In Africa, the Hunger Project has been working to encourage more sustainable and efficient farming methods. For example, by diversifying their crops, farmers will have healthier soil. Furthermore, since farmers need access to safe, clean water, the Hunger Project teaches people how to monitor, maintain and repair water systems. The UN World Food Programme aids farmers by helping them connect to local economies, improve production methods and reduce crop losses. And, for children and the weak, they provide special nutrient-rich foods. So what can you do to help eliminate world hunger? Aside from trying to reduce your food waste, keep educating yourself and others about the issue. Look for opportunities to feed the hungry in your own communities. Each step, each choice, and each voice can help make hunger a thing of the past. 24. What does the author mean by “staggers the imagination” in the second paragraph? A. Hunger is mostly a problem of the past. B. The public has grown used to news about food shortages. C. The vast scale of hunger is almost beyond comprehension. D. The UN has successfully predicted the extent of hunger. 25. According to the passage, which of the following is mentioned as a cause of hunger? A. A shortage of workers willing to become farmers. B. Extreme weather that makes farmland unusable. C. A worldwide ban on the export of staple crops. D. The refusal of wealthy nations to send food aid. 26. What does the UN World Food Programme do to assist farmers? A. It provides them with free high-yield seeds. B. It helps them link up with local economies. C. It trains them to build and repair irrigation systems. D. It distributes nutritious food directly to the weak. 27. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The March Toward Zero Hunger. B. Climate Change and the Food Crisis. C. Hunger: Symptoms, Causes, and Solutions. D. The New Face of Hunger. C While most people avoid spending a night in jail, Jean Beliveau welcomed the chance. For three years he had been walking from country to country to circle the globe on foot, sleeping in tents, strangers' homes, and the occasional jail cell. His journey crossed more than thirty countries. Few have the time or wish to walk such extremes — yet research shows that even a modest daily walk can sharply improve your health. So what exactly happens to your body when you walk more? A single brisk stroll can lift your mood and ease anxiety and depression, since walking is thought to trigger pain-relieving endorphins and curb the stress hormone cortisol. Within weeks your muscles, vessels, and heart adapt to the greater demand, delivering oxygen more efficiently. In a few months these changes lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, while the weight-bearing motion strengthens bones and helps preserve the bone density that normally fades with age. A lifelong walking habit brings further rewards, from weight control to lower risks of type 2 diabetes, several cancers, and dementia. Simply put, walking is exercise that needs no equipment and fits almost any age or fitness level. Although trackers promote 10,000 steps a day as ideal, studies show any increase helps — and the steps need not be taken all at once. Where you live shapes your steps, too. In walkable neighborhoods they accumulate naturally — to work, to the shop, to meet friends — and residents drive less, improving air quality and cutting local emissions. The layout of a community, in other words, quietly governs both mobility and well-being: a Hong Kong study found seniors in walkable areas felt less lonely and more satisfied with life than those in less walkable ones. So why doesn't everyone walk more? A main reason is that many lack safe, well-kept places to stroll. Despite the evidence, towns are planned around cars, with funds flowing to highways rather than sidewalks and parks. Change is possible, though: in 2013 Vancouver opened a greenway along a two-kilometer road, and afterwards nearby residents exercised more, trimmed daily car trips by 23 percent, and cut their emissions by 21 percent. 28. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain the health benefits of walking and the barriers to walking more. B. To prove that walking long distances is the best way to stay healthy. C. To compare walking with other forms of daily exercise. D. To criticize the planning of modern cities. 29. According to the passage, what can walking do for the body within a few months? A. It can trigger the release of the stress hormone cortisol. B. It can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. C. It can make the bones of the legs less dense. D. It can slow down the remodeling of blood vessels. 30. Why does the author mention Jean Beliveau at the beginning of the passage? A. To show that walking around the world is a common goal. B. To suggest that everyone should walk as much as he did. C. To introduce the topic of walking and its health effects. D. To warn readers against walking such extreme lengths. 31. What can be inferred from the study of seniors in Hong Kong? A. Older people tend to walk more than younger people. B. The design of a neighborhood may affect residents' well-being. C. Loneliness has nothing to do with where people live. D. Greenways always reduce greenhouse gas emissions. D For the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, are powerful players in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and more. Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now. A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy – before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does. Shrinking gray matter may sound scary, but it happens to all of us throughout development to fine-tune our neural processing and make our brains more efficient. Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive. For example, you may be forgetting where your keys are, but you are way more focused on what is happening to your baby. Researchers are particularly interested in changes within brain regions that help with social cognition by allowing us to take on others' perspectives. The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期), also driven by hormones. Other researchers have been able to detect whether someone had been pregnant based only on neuro imaging data from decades later. So despite the common saying that our brains stop developing in our mid-20s, hormones seem to drive big, long-lasting changes throughout adulthood. From studying the woman's brain, researchers confirmed gray matter decreased by four percent over the course of pregnancy and that decrease persisted throughout the end of the study two years after giving birth. And it wasn't just one area or network – 80% of brain regions shrunk. While certain areas and networks changed faster than others, the team doesn't yet know what the implications are. 32. What is the main focus of the text? A. How pregnancy influences a woman's everyday memory. B. How brain scans produced a scientific breakthrough. C. How brain changes occur during pregnancy. D. How puberty and pregnancy differ in brain development. 33. What attitude toward the “mommy brain” changes does the passage suggest women take? A. View them as a sign of cognitive decline. B. Accept them calmly as likely adaptive. C. Try to prevent them at all costs. D. Look forward to them with excitement. 34. What can be concluded from the final two paragraphs? A. Hormones probably drive brain changes well past adolescence. B. Researchers already know why some brain areas change faster. C. The shrinkage of gray matter ends soon after childbirth. D. Pregnancy-related brain changes are not caused by hormones. 35. What can be inferred about the brain changes in pregnancy? A. They may produce effects that last a long time. B. They are merely temporary and leave no trace. C. Scientists have fully explained their exact purpose. D. They affect only a very small part of the brain. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Global Heating Making Extreme Rain and Disastrous Flooding More Likely A warming world is transforming some major snowfalls over mountains into extreme rain, worsening both dangerous flooding as well as long-term water shortages, a new study has found. 36________ Using rain and snow measurements since 1950 and computer simulations (模拟) for future climate, scientists calculated that for every degree Fahrenheit the world warms, extreme rainfall at higher altitude (海拔) increases by 8.3%, according to a study in Nature. 37________ And the rain is not conveniently stored away like snowpack that can recharge reservoirs (水库) in spring and summer. “It is not just a far-off problem that is projected to occur in the future, but the data is actually telling us that it's already happening and we see that in the data over the past few decades,” said lead author Mohammed Ombadi, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory climate scientist. The study looked at only the heaviest rains each year over six decades in the northern half of the Earth, finding that as altitude rose, so did rainfall. The biggest increase in rains were noticed at about 10,000 feet. That includes much of the American west, where Ombadi said “it's very obvious”, as well as parts of the Appalachian Mountains. 38________ About one in four people on Earth live in an area so close to the mountains or downhill that extreme rain and flooding would hit them, Ombadi said. 39________ He mentioned California department of agriculture estimates of $89m in crop and farm animal losses from this year's extreme rains. But in the long term, another problem is water supply. In times of drought, water managers like to keep water levels high in reservoirs, which they can do with heavy snowpacks because it melts slowly. 40________ So as warming causes rainier extremes, society is going to have to choose between cutting water use because of low water levels in reservoirs to absorb a possible large sudden mountain runoff event or build expensive new reservoirs. A. But they can't do that with heavy rainfall. B. He pointed out the flooding can also hurt food production. C. Heavy snow's flooding impact is lessened because it takes time to melt. D. Another big hotspot in Asia is the Himalayas, Tian Shan and Hindu Kush mountains, with the Alps also affected. E. Heavy rain in mountains causes a lot more problems than big snow, including flooding, landslides, etc., the study found. F. These mountainous systems are supplying most of the water, so any decreases in water supply would be pretty significant in terms of water management. G. Researchers warn that its consequences will reach far beyond the mountains. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 At the start of each term, Welton Academy seemed frozen in another century. The 41________ corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with an air of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of 42________ in a dull room. His very presence was a challenge to the long-established norms of the school. He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lecture about Shakespeare's poetry or the rules of grammar. Instead, he had a 43________ way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives extraordinary. These men were once just like you, with dreams and 44________. Don't let this place 45________ your ambitions.” His special 46________, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the watching eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such 47________ that the words seemed to float in the air. “Poetry,” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It's the language of the soul. It's the way we 48________ the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold within us.” He encouraged each student to find their own 49________ between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the stage burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a 50________ star. He saw the potential in Neil's eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don't let anyone — even your father — dim your light. Your dreams are 51________, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to project his emotions through every word. Under Keating's guidance in every session, Neil grew more 52________, believing that he could even go beyond what his father expected of him. For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often overshadowed by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the 53________ meaning in literature. “Todd,” he said, “your mind is a 54________ chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don't be afraid to stand out. Your interpretations are as valuable as any other's.” With Keating's encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his shell, finding the 55________ to speak up and express himself. Keating's encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved. 41. A. rigid B. narrow C. wooden D. painted 42. A. freedom B. freshness C. silence D. knowledge 43. A. strange B. simple C. unique D. traditional 44. A. problems B. fears C. secrets D. potential 45. A. bury B. raise C. follow D. forget 46. A. habit B. haven C. hobby D. lesson 47. A. patience B. confidence C. enthusiasm D. curiosity 48. A. hide B. ignore C. question D. express 49. A. voice B. meaning C. style D. rhythm 50. A. rising B. falling C. guiding D. shining 51. A. strange B. precious C. useless D. common 52. A. quiet B. nervous C. careless D. confident 53. A. hidden B. simple C. deeper D. obvious 54. A. treasure B. wooden C. money D. secret 55. A. time B. courage C. reason D. chance 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For centuries, coffee has been one of the world's favorite drinks, treasured from bustling cafés to quiet kitchens alike. Fresh 56________ (analyze) of the roasted beans reveal that their rich flavor comes from hundreds of chemical compounds working together. 57________ great economic value, the coffee plant 58________ (grow) mainly in tropical regions, where the ripe fruit is still picked by hand. Once 59________ (harvest), the beans are carefully processed, dried, and roasted before they ever reach our cups. This long journey from field to cup explains why coffee matters so much to cultures worldwide. 60________ most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the beverage is caffeine, 61________ (science) research has long confirmed. 62________ (drink) in moderation, most people find that coffee can sharpen attention, lift mood, and even improve physical performance. Yet some worry that its stimulating effect is so strong 63________ it keeps them awake long after dark. Understanding these effects helps drinkers enjoy coffee while avoiding its unwanted side effects. Caffeine does its work by blocking a brain chemical that normally makes us feel sleepy, and as a result blood pressure may rise 64________ (slight) after a cup. Far from being a passing trend, coffee has become 65________ (popular) than at any time in its long history, with countless new varieties appearing on menus every year. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 假设你是中华中学的学生王欣。近日，你参观了一个关于中国传统文化的展览，深受启发。你决定写一封感谢信给展览主办方，内容包括： 1. 你参观展览的时间和感受； 2. 展览中你最喜欢的部分及原因； 3. 你对文化传承的看法及感谢。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答； 3. 信中不得透露你的真实信息。 Dear organizer, _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Wang Xin 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When we arrived at the theme park in Southern California after an hour's drive, we discovered that the gates were closed. We knew that wildfires had been burning all over the area, but none were near our destination. We'd saved up so we could afford a trip to this theme park that the kids had been begging to visit. But because it's located in a valley, smoke blown in from the fires made it dangerous for visitors. I had to explain to four disappointed children that the highlight of the trip we had planned for weeks was cancelled. It had already been a hard year. My nine-year-old son had been diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病) and my husband was out of work for months. We had no idea what to do with a van (面包车) full of sad children. Then, we brainstormed. Disneyland was out of reach financially, but outside its gates was a massive LEGO store. We decided to take the children there and let them pick out LEGO sets to take home and build. They could spend as much time as they wanted exploring the store. Driving ninety more minutes on the freeway, we could see smoke clouding the sky, getting thicker by the minute. Arriving outside Disneyland, the kids were excited to explore the LEGO store. While the children and dad shopped, my phone rang. It was my mother in Minnesota, wondering how we were getting on with all the fires around us. I was updating my mother about our revised plans outside the store when I felt a tap on my shoulder. Another tourist had overheard the conversation. “My name's Patty, and I have tickets to Disneyland,” the woman said. “We're not going to use them, and I couldn't help but hear your story. I've been looking for the right people to give them to.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: I couldn't believe my ears! ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I gathered my family and we hurried into Disneyland excitedly. _________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $