Unit 3 Getting along with others（知识清单）英语译林版必修第一册

Unit 3 Getting along with others 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.the of radio 广播媒介 2. films 恐怖片 3. critics 善意的批评 4. pools of water 浅水池 5.write a 写博客 6.carry out a investigation展开全面的调查 7.home－made 自酿的葡萄酒 8.be unfortunate 的确不幸 9.the of the evening party晚会最精彩的部分 10.enjoy tasty food and each other’s 享受美食和彼此的陪伴 二、写作词汇： 1. 关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. 不知所措，困惑 3. 亲自，亲身 4. 最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分 5. 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 6. 无论如何，不管怎样 7. 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. 依赖，依靠，指望 9. 克服；恢复常态 10. 最大程度地，最大限度地 三、词汇变形： 1. recognize vt. 承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→ n. 认出；认可；承认 2. recover vi. 恢复健康 vt. 全额收回；寻回；恢复，重新控制→ n. 恢复 3. judge vt. & vi. 评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员→ n. 判断 4. apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪→ n. 道歉 5. behavio(u)r n. 行为，举止，态度→ vi. 举止；表现 6. ignore vt. 忽视，对……不予理会→ adj. 无知的→ n. 无知 7. admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏→ adj. 令人钦佩的→ n. 钦佩；欣赏 8. benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于→ adj. 有益的 9. explode vi. 爆炸；(愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发 vt. 使爆炸→ n. 爆炸；爆发 四、拓展词汇 1. n. 奴隶 2. n. 木排，筏 3. adj. 局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的 4. adj. 令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 5. vt. & vi.误解，误会 6. adj. 宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的 7. adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的 8. adv. 其实，实际上；的确；真正地 9. adj. 彻底的，全面的；仔细的 10. n. 陪伴，做伴；公司 五、熟词生义 1.The naughty boy played tricks on the shy girl，making her cheeks flame with anger. 2.Tricked into giving up a large quantity of money，he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine. 3.As an exchange student from America，I like eating dumplings. Would you please tell me the trick of making dumplings？ 4.Bob looked back, only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment. 5.It’s reported that the cause of the crash was given as engine failure. 6. He stood emotionless as he heard the judge pass sentence. 写作 句型 1. whether. . . or. . . 引导让步状语从句 , doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. 无论是走路去学校, 做作业, 还是周末出去玩, 我们几乎都不会离开彼此的视线。 2. see sb. doing sth. A classmate told me she had in a café on Saturday afternoon. 一个同学告诉我, 她看到我的朋友在星期六下午和另一个女孩在咖啡馆聊天。 3. 动词不定式作表语 Our original plan was that afternoon. 我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。 4. so...that... 如此……以至于…… I was I avoided her during school all day... 我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她…… 5. find＋it＋宾补＋to do... We often . 我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。 6. it作形式主语 Finally, enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。 语法 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1. who 指人，在句子中作主语，宾语 2. whom 指人，在句子中作宾语 3. Which 指物，在句子中作主语，宾语 4. that 指人，物，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语 5. whose 指人，物，在句子中作定语 写作 谈论有关朋友的品质。 一、知识点精讲 1. respond vi. 回答，回应 vi. 作出反应，响应 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online message. 我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她,我不想回复她任何网上的信息。 【词汇拓展】 (1)respond to　　答复……；对……做出反应 respond with 以……作为回答，以……作为反应 respond that 回答说…… (2)response n. 回应，反应，回答 in response to 对……做出反应 make a response to 对……做出回应 【易错提醒】 respond to, in response to, make a response to中的to都是介词，后接名词、代词或v.­ing形式。 【同义转换】 Receiving a message doesn't mean you need to respond to it. →Receiving a message doesn't mean you need to make a response to it. 2. loss n. 失去, 丧失; 亏损; 去世; 损失 The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss what to do next. 这种情况的压力简直要了我的命, 我不知道下一步该怎么办。 【词汇拓展】 (1)the/a loss of. . . 　 ……的丢失/丧失 at a loss 不知所措, 困惑 (2)lose v. 丢失; 失去 lose one’s way 迷路 (3)lost adj. 迷路的; 迷失的 be lost in 沉浸于; 全神贯注 3. judge vt. & vi. 评价,(尤指)批评; 判断, 认为 n. 法官; 裁判员 Don’t be so quick to judge your friend. 不要急于评判你的朋友。 【词汇拓展】 (1)judge. . . by/from. . . 根据……判断…… judge sb./sth. as/to be. . . 断定某人/物是…… as far as I can judge 据我判断 judging by/from. . . 从……来看, 根据……判断 (2)judg(e)ment n. 判决; 判断; 评价 in one’s judg(e)ment 在某人看来 【易错提醒】 judging by/from表示“从……来看, 根据……判断”, 用在句首时, 为一个独立成分, 不受句子主语和时态的影响。英语中类似judging by/from用法的独立成分还有很多, 如generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking(一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说), considering(that)…(考虑到, 鉴于, 就……而言), providing/provided(that). . .(假如, 倘若……)等。 4. apologize vi. 道歉, 谢罪 Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe her behaviour has a simple explanation that you don’t know about. 或许她知道自己错了，想向你道歉，又或许她可以明白地解释自己的行为。 【词汇拓展】 (1)apologize to sb. for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 apologize to sb. that. . . 向某人道歉…… (2)apology n. 道歉, 谢罪 make/offer an apology to sb. for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 【同义转换】 You should apologize to her for your carelessness. →You should make an apology to her for your carelessness. 5. case n. 具体情况, 事例; 案件; 容器 In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her. 无论如何, 找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈一谈。 【词汇拓展】 (1)in case　假使; 万一 in case of 假如发生; 万一发生 (2)in any case　　　　　 无论如何, 不管怎样 in no case 决不(放句首时, 主句用部分倒装) in that/this case 既然那样/这样; 在那种/这种情况下 (3)as is often the case这是常有的事 二、核心语法精讲 一、定语从句的定义 1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2. 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1. who的用法 who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。 2. whom的用法 whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who 代替，也可省略。 3. which的用法 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 4. that的用法 that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。 5. whose的用法 whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。 [温馨提示] whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。 2. 当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 3. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 4. 当先行词中既有人又有物时。 5. 当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复，只能用that。 [疑难点津]关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 [温馨提示] (1)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写交友日记。日记就是用文字记述生活中发生的有意义的或重要的事，以及自己对某事的感受或评议。 2. 写作框架 第一段：诉说事由。第二段：剖析原因及个人打算。第三段：抒发对未来友谊的信心。格式：第一行左上角写日期和星期(星期可省略)，右上角写天气，然后写内容。主体人称为第一人称。记述所发生的事情用一般过去时，但描写自己的感受多用一般现在时。语言风格上尽量使用非正式的英语。日记中常用第一人称“I”。3. 写作素材 1. 话题词汇 (1)intend　v. 打算 (2)pack vt. 包装 (3)be proud of 以……而骄傲 (4)the importance of ……的重要性 (5)take part in 参加 (6)make up one’s mind 下定决心 (7)go in for 参加; 从事 (8)spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力去做某事 (9)be absorbed in 专心致志于 (10)have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 2. 话题句式 (1)通用表达感情 ①I had an unforgettable trip to Cambridge today. 今天我到剑桥的旅行很难忘。 ②Today is an unforgettable and significant day. 今天是难忘且意义重大的一天。 (2)通用叙述经过 ①Today I took part in a farm work programme in the suburbs. 今天我参加了郊区的一个农活项目。 ②At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Labour is the most beautiful thing”. 在班会上, 我们的老师告诉我们项目的主题是“劳动是最美好的事情”。 ③And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands. 他还强调了亲自动手的重要性。 ④When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip. 当我回家时, 我收拾好行李准备旅行。 ⑤On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. 在农场里, 我们帮忙摘西瓜。工作的时候, 我意识到在炎热的阳光下在田野里工作是多么辛苦。 (3)通用表达观点 ①Kate is a girl who is easy to get along/on with and we all like her. 凯特是一个容易相处的女孩, 我们都喜欢她。 ②As a result, from this experience I have learned it was important to work together with others. 结果, 从这次经历中我认识到与他人合作是很重要的。 (4)通用总结概括 If you miss this chance, I don’t think you will have a second chance to play with outstanding players. 如果你错过了这个机会, 我想你再也没有机会和优秀的运动员比赛了。 4. 范文背诵 March 12th, Tuesday Sunny 　　I want to apologize to my friend for quarreling with her yesterday. I am ashamed of my rude words which/that really broke her heart. But for my rudeness, she would not have exploded with rage. As far as I’m concerned, having been close for eight years and almost inseparable, I don’t want to let go of our friendship. She is always so generous to me that we can trust and count on each other. Again, I want to say sorry to her from the bottom of my heart. In any case, I’m in the wrong. I do hope she can forgive me and make up with me. 易错点01 限制性定语从句关系代词用法辨析 【助记口诀】先行定人还是物，从句缺啥要记熟；主用 who/which/that，宾用 whom/who/that；whose 作定语后接名词 【错因辨析】 1. who指人，在从句作主语、宾语；whom指人，仅作宾语，可被 who 替换，口语中可省略。 The girl who/whom you met is my close friend.（whom 作 met 的宾语） 2. which指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语可省略。 3. that既可指人也可指物，作主语、宾语、表语；作宾语可省略。 只能用 that，不用 which 的高频场景： ①先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等； ②先行词被 all, every, the only, the very, 最高级、序数词修饰； ③先行词既有人又有物。 4. whose在从句中作定语，后面必须接名词；表所属关系。 替换结构：whose + n. = the + n. + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + n. I have a friend whose temper is easygoing. =I have a friend, the temper of whom is easygoing. 5. 主谓一致易错： ①one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句：从句谓语用复数； ②the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句：从句谓语用单数。 6. 关系代词已经代替先行词含义，从句不可重复出现先行词。 【对点训练】 1. The boy ________ we talked about just now is my best friend. 2. This is the only thing ________ I can do for you. 易错点02 whether…or… 引导让步状语从句 Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. 【错因辨析】 1. whether…or…引导让步状语从句，含义：无论…… 还是……；可以省略从句主谓，只保留非谓语。 2. 平行原则：or 前后的非谓语、句式结构必须保持一致。 Whether quarrel or making peace, true friendship will survive. 错误 Whether quarrelling or making peace, true friendship will survive.正确 3. 区分宾语从句 whether（是否）和让步状语从句 whether（无论）。 【对点训练】 1. Whether ________ (argue) or communicating, you should respect your friend. 2. ________ you agree or not, you should listen to your friend’s explanation. 一、默写重点单词 1. 浅的，肤浅的 adj. ________ 2. 笨拙的；令人尴尬的 adj. ________ 3. 肯定，确实；确切地 adv. ________ 4. 联系，接触；交往 v./n. ________ 5. 质量；品德 n. ________ 6. 额外的 adj. ________ 7. 出于好意的 adj. ________ 8. 意见，看法 n. ________ 9. 舒服 n.宽慰，抚慰 vt. ________ 10. 失败；未履行；故障 n. ________ 二、词汇运用 1. In my opinion，the best way to deal with a tease is to ________(不理会) it. 2. We should not ________(判断) others based on how much money they have. 3. He gradually ________(康复) from his illness after taking the medicine. 4. It is ________(慷慨) of you to donate so much money to our organization. 5. The shy girl felt ________(局促不安的) and uncomfortable when she couldn’t answer the question. 6. If you are interested in Chinese paintings, the club is ________(肯定) suitable for you. 7. Personally，online learning ________(使受益) me a lot because so many learning materials are available. 8. You’d better give us a ________(全面的) explanation in case of being misunderstood. 9. Living in the countryside is the happiest ________(时光) in my life. 10. The woman is looking for some goods of high ________(质量) on the Internet. 三、重点句型 1. 我真不知道是继续纠正他，还是干脆把这件事放下. I really did not know ______________________. 2.我甚至没来得及走到门口向她道谢, 她就离开了。 She left before I could even______________________ to offer my thanks.   3. 这些小说如此有趣以至于我想再读一次。 They are such interesting novels______________________.   4. 是时候让我们承担保护环境的责任了。 ______________________ the responsibility of protecting the environment.   5. 我将永远珍惜我们一起度过的那些难忘的日子。 I’ll treasure those unforgettable days ______________________.   6. 当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。 Of course, ______________________ is paying attention in class. 7. 第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。 The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to ______________________ over the city. 8. 她的老师告诉她，无论如何，她都应该和她的朋友坦诚地谈一谈。(that 引导宾语从句) Her teacher tells her ______________________. 9. 每周和父母在网上聊一次天成了我的习惯。 I ______________________ on the Internet once a week. 10. 人们一致认为友谊对我们每个人都很重要。(it作形式主语) ______________________ friendship is very important to each of us. 四、语法填空 As the old saying goes, “Friends are like liquor (酒): the older, the better.” Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 1 (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 2 old friend, people will prefer the latter one 3 (base) on the long-term trust rather than the former one, even though the new friend’s advice may be better. I, however, disagree with the old saying, 4 (believe) that new friends are not 5 (necessary) worse than old friends. It is not always right 6 (determine) your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend, he or she must be a person 7 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8 (you). It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend. It actually has little to do with time. People’s appearance may change, but their character usually 9 (remain) the same. Therefore, on this point, there are no 10 (difference) between old friends and new friends. 五、阅读理解 A One day, my young grandson Milo asked me a special favor: he needed to “borrow” a grandmother for his best friend Charlie. Charlie was my grandson’s first best friend, who had become close friends in kindergarten. “Our class is making cards for Mother’s Day,” he explained, “but when I asked the teacher when Grandma’s Day was, she said that there really wasn’t one. So, Charlie and I are going to make a day”, he assured me, “but we need a grandma for Charlie. I have two, but he doesn’t even have one.” Our house was no more than a quick twenty-minute drive away. I could hardly refuse his sweet request. Three days later, I found an envelope with two large red hearts, where a stamp would usually be attached, under my pillow: Grandmother’s Day, 2:00 p.m., Saturday, May 13. At the appointed time, I knocked on the screen door. Welcoming yellow and blue balloons were tied to the handle, so I did not want to risk pulling it open. The boys were clean and excited, waiting for me eagerly. The table was beautifully prepared with lemonade, forks and themed napkins (餐巾). Every piece was covered with different stickers, such as stars, animals, trucks and cars. Mine had a warm little grandma pattern, with the words “Happy Grandmother’s Day” on it. Charlie could not hide his pride and said happily that his mother had made a chocolate cake for the event, “But,” he told everyone, “you have to eat a sandwich first. And,” he continued without a pause, “MY GRANDMOTHER came to my house yesterday, and we decorated the cake with cream together.” “No!” Milo immediately corrected. “That’s MY grandmother.” He frowned (皱眉) firmly, unwilling to share me with anyone else. Noticing their argument, I was about to kneel down and comfort them. But Milo suddenly calmed himself down, looked at Charlie sincerely and said, “Next Grandmother’s Day, we’ll prepare everything together from start to finish. And we’ll save the biggest piece for Grandma-no arguing. We’ll celebrate happily and have a wonderful Grandmother’s Day again.” 1．Why did Milo turn to the author for help? A．To act as Charlie’s grandma. B．To prepare a family gathering. C．To accompany his lonely friend. D．To draw a card for Mother’s Day. 2．How did the author react to Milo’s request? A．She felt surprised at the boy’s plan. B．She thought the boy’s idea was creative. C．She was touched by Milo’s sincere idea. D．She wondered if the plan would work well. 3．Which of the following best describes Milo? A．Caring and easy-going. B．Childish but thoughtful. C．Independent and devoting. D．Self-centered but determined. 4．What is the main theme of the passage? A．The warmth of family and friendship. B．The value of friendship between kids. C．The courage of solving disagreements. D．The love from the elderly to the young. B How to Make Friends with Someone Whether you’re starting a new school or joining a workplace team, there’s often someone you want to connect with but haven’t the courage to talk to yet. Below are practical tips to help you start a meaningful conversation, and lay the foundation for a lasting friendship. You’ve Never Spoken to Before Friendship is an important aspect of life. Perhaps there are new persons in your school who seem cool or fun, and you’d like to get to know them. But sometimes making friends can seem tough. 1 Smile. When you see them, greet them with a kind smile. 2 You may have never smiled at them before, so they may have no idea that you want to be friends with them. Smiling will plant a seed in their mind that you have some level of interest. Greet them with a “hello”. If you see them in the mornings, greet them with a “hello”. This will likely begin to spark an interest in them to know more about you and to talk to you. This will also guarantee that they notice you. 3 This is the most basic first step in making friends. Take a moment to approach them when you have some downtime and introduce yourself by name. You might say, “Hi, my name is Henry Locklear. I’m a junior. What’s your name?” Ask your common friends to introduce you. If you have common friends with this person, a great way is to have your friends introduce you to them. 4 If the two of you have common friends, it is all the more likely that you will hit it off as well. Ask a favor. One way to begin having small conversations with them is to ask for a small favor. This is a good way to guarantee that you are noticed. 5 Probably, you will be friends after that. A．Introduce yourself. B．Tell them something interesting. C．Smiles show friendliness and warmth. D．Fortunately, there are many options available to you. E．This is perhaps the easiest and most effective way to break the ice. F．For instance, you might ask them something like, “Can you grab a pencil for me?” G．You might want to shake their hand, especially if you are in a professional setting. 六、完形填空 Exactly one year ago, I was sitting in my room, feeling like my world had permanently collapsed. I poured my heart out to a group of 1 online. My post blew up, and one private message 2 everything. It was from a girl in Italy. She wasn’t just offering 3 — she was living the same pain, feeling the same loss. Though she lived 10,000 kilometers away, we started talking. At first, it was just about 4 — checking in to make sure the other had eaten or stopped crying. But slowly, our 5 turned into daily life. We found comfort through our screens, two strangers drawn together by a(n) 6 ache. When I finally decided to take a solo trip to Europe, she became my biggest cheerleader. Still, I was 7 . What if our online friendship didn’t work in real life? But when we finally stood face-to-face, there was no “getting to know you” 8 — just a strong sense of familiarity. We hit the streets of the city 9 , like we’d been exploring together for years. At one moment, we realized something 10 : the experiences that once 11 us were actually the price of admission for this 12 . Without that pain, we would never have met. And we agreed — we would choose to 13 it all again, just to end up here. Our lives are so much bigger than the 14 that came to us. There are people we haven’t met yet who will 15 us, and cities we haven’t seen yet that will feel like home. Hold on. It gets so much better. 1．A．cheerleaders B．strangers C．colleagues D．neighbors 2．A．changed B．ruined C．indicated D．controlled 3．A．sympathy B．promise C．chances D．services 4．A．consultation B．relaxation C．survival D．work 5．A．memories B．plans C．secrets D．messages 6．A．hidden B．shared C．incurable D．unknown 7．A．expectant B．curious C．nervous D．lonely 8．A．celebration B．method C．phase D．desire 9．A．regularly B．cautiously C．aimlessly D．leisurely 10．A．important B．unclear C．embarrassing D．familiar 11．A．broke B．silenced C．entertained D．escaped 12．A．discovery B．friendship C．flight D．bravery 13．A．forget about B．go through C．reflect on D．adapt to 14．A．fame B．wealth C．sadness D．boredom 15．A．hear from B．depend on C．look for D．care about 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Getting along with others 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.the medium of radio 广播媒介 2.horrible films 恐怖片 3.well－meaning critics 善意的批评 4.shallow pools of water 浅水池 5.write a blog 写博客 6.carry out a thorough investigation展开全面的调查 7.home－made wine 自酿的葡萄酒 8.be indeed unfortunate 的确不幸 9.the high point of the evening party晚会最精彩的部分 10.enjoy tasty food and each other’s company享受美食和彼此的陪伴 二、写作词汇： 1. on the rocks(关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. at a loss不知所措，困惑 3. in person亲自，亲身 4.high point最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分 5. through thick and thin不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 6. in any case无论如何，不管怎样 7. let go of放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. count on依赖，依靠，指望 9. get over克服；恢复常态 10.in full measure最大程度地，最大限度地 三、词汇变形： 1. recognize vt. 承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 2. recover vi. 恢复健康 vt. 全额收回；寻回；恢复，重新控制→recovery n. 恢复 3. judge vt. & vi. 评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员→judg(e)ment n. 判断 4. apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪→apology n. 道歉 5. behavio(u)r n. 行为，举止，态度→behave vi. 举止；表现 6. ignore vt. 忽视，对……不予理会→ignorant adj. 无知的→ignorance n. 无知 7. admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj. 令人钦佩的→admiration n. 钦佩；欣赏 8. benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于→beneficial adj. 有益的 9. explode vi. 爆炸；(愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发 vt. 使爆炸→explosion n. 爆炸；爆发 四、拓展词汇 1. slave n. 奴隶 2. raft n. 木排，筏 3. awkward adj. 局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的 4. horrible adj. 令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 5. misunderstand vt. & vi.误解，误会 6. generous adj. 宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的 7. shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的 8. indeed adv. 其实，实际上；的确；真正地 9. thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的；仔细的 10. company n. 陪伴，做伴；公司 五、熟词生义 1.The naughty boy played tricks on the shy girl，making her cheeks flame with anger. n. 把戏,花招 2.Tricked into giving up a large quantity of money，he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine. v. 欺骗,哄骗 3.As an exchange student from America，I like eating dumplings. Would you please tell me the trick of making dumplings？ n. 诀窍 4.Bob looked back, only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment. vt. 被遗忘 5.It’s reported that the cause of the crash was given as engine failure. n. 故障，失灵 6. He stood emotionless as he heard the judge pass sentence. n. 法官 写作 句型 1. whether. . . or. . . 引导让步状语从句 Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. 无论是走路去学校, 做作业, 还是周末出去玩, 我们几乎都不会离开彼此的视线。 2. see sb. doing sth. A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. 一个同学告诉我, 她看到我的朋友在星期六下午和另一个女孩在咖啡馆聊天。 3. 动词不定式作表语 Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. 我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。 4. so...that... 如此……以至于…… I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day... 我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她…… 5. find＋it＋宾补＋to do... We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. 我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。 6. it作形式主语 Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。 语法 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1. who 指人，在句子中作主语，宾语 2. whom 指人，在句子中作宾语 3. Which 指物，在句子中作主语，宾语 4. that 指人，物，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语 5. whose 指人，物，在句子中作定语 写作 谈论有关朋友的品质。 一、知识点精讲 1. respond vi. 回答，回应 vi. 作出反应，响应 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online message. 我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她,我不想回复她任何网上的信息。 【词汇拓展】 (1)respond to　　答复……；对……做出反应 respond with 以……作为回答，以……作为反应 respond that 回答说…… (2)response n. 回应，反应，回答 in response to 对……做出反应 make a response to 对……做出回应 【易错提醒】 respond to, in response to, make a response to中的to都是介词，后接名词、代词或v.­ing形式。 【同义转换】 Receiving a message doesn't mean you need to respond to it. →Receiving a message doesn't mean you need to make a response to it. 2. loss n. 失去, 丧失; 亏损; 去世; 损失 The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss what to do next. 这种情况的压力简直要了我的命, 我不知道下一步该怎么办。 【词汇拓展】 (1)the/a loss of. . . 　 ……的丢失/丧失 at a loss 不知所措, 困惑 (2)lose v. 丢失; 失去 lose one’s way 迷路 (3)lost adj. 迷路的; 迷失的 be lost in 沉浸于; 全神贯注 3. judge vt. & vi. 评价,(尤指)批评; 判断, 认为 n. 法官; 裁判员 Don’t be so quick to judge your friend. 不要急于评判你的朋友。 【词汇拓展】 (1)judge. . . by/from. . . 根据……判断…… judge sb./sth. as/to be. . . 断定某人/物是…… as far as I can judge 据我判断 judging by/from. . . 从……来看, 根据……判断 (2)judg(e)ment n. 判决; 判断; 评价 in one’s judg(e)ment 在某人看来 【易错提醒】 judging by/from表示“从……来看, 根据……判断”, 用在句首时, 为一个独立成分, 不受句子主语和时态的影响。英语中类似judging by/from用法的独立成分还有很多, 如generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking(一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说), considering(that)…(考虑到, 鉴于, 就……而言), providing/provided(that). . .(假如, 倘若……)等。 4. apologize vi. 道歉, 谢罪 Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe her behaviour has a simple explanation that you don’t know about. 或许她知道自己错了，想向你道歉，又或许她可以明白地解释自己的行为。 【词汇拓展】 (1)apologize to sb. for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 apologize to sb. that. . . 向某人道歉…… (2)apology n. 道歉, 谢罪 make/offer an apology to sb. for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 【同义转换】 You should apologize to her for your carelessness. →You should make an apology to her for your carelessness. 5. case n. 具体情况, 事例; 案件; 容器 In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her. 无论如何, 找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈一谈。 【词汇拓展】 (1)in case　假使; 万一 in case of 假如发生; 万一发生 (2)in any case　　　　　 无论如何, 不管怎样 in no case 决不(放句首时, 主句用部分倒装) in that/this case 既然那样/这样; 在那种/这种情况下 (3)as is often the case这是常有的事 二、核心语法精讲 一、定语从句的定义 1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2. 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1. who的用法 who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。 2. whom的用法 whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who 代替，也可省略。 3. which的用法 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 4. that的用法 that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。 5. whose的用法 whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。 [温馨提示] whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。 2. 当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 3. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 4. 当先行词中既有人又有物时。 5. 当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复，只能用that。 [疑难点津]关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 [温馨提示] (1)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写交友日记。日记就是用文字记述生活中发生的有意义的或重要的事，以及自己对某事的感受或评议。 2. 写作框架 第一段：诉说事由。第二段：剖析原因及个人打算。第三段：抒发对未来友谊的信心。格式：第一行左上角写日期和星期(星期可省略)，右上角写天气，然后写内容。主体人称为第一人称。记述所发生的事情用一般过去时，但描写自己的感受多用一般现在时。语言风格上尽量使用非正式的英语。日记中常用第一人称“I”。3. 写作素材 1. 话题词汇 (1)intend　v. 打算 (2)pack vt. 包装 (3)be proud of 以……而骄傲 (4)the importance of ……的重要性 (5)take part in 参加 (6)make up one’s mind 下定决心 (7)go in for 参加; 从事 (8)spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力去做某事 (9)be absorbed in 专心致志于 (10)have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 2. 话题句式 (1)通用表达感情 ①I had an unforgettable trip to Cambridge today. 今天我到剑桥的旅行很难忘。 ②Today is an unforgettable and significant day. 今天是难忘且意义重大的一天。 (2)通用叙述经过 ①Today I took part in a farm work programme in the suburbs. 今天我参加了郊区的一个农活项目。 ②At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Labour is the most beautiful thing”. 在班会上, 我们的老师告诉我们项目的主题是“劳动是最美好的事情”。 ③And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands. 他还强调了亲自动手的重要性。 ④When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip. 当我回家时, 我收拾好行李准备旅行。 ⑤On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. 在农场里, 我们帮忙摘西瓜。工作的时候, 我意识到在炎热的阳光下在田野里工作是多么辛苦。 (3)通用表达观点 ①Kate is a girl who is easy to get along/on with and we all like her. 凯特是一个容易相处的女孩, 我们都喜欢她。 ②As a result, from this experience I have learned it was important to work together with others. 结果, 从这次经历中我认识到与他人合作是很重要的。 (4)通用总结概括 If you miss this chance, I don’t think you will have a second chance to play with outstanding players. 如果你错过了这个机会, 我想你再也没有机会和优秀的运动员比赛了。 4. 范文背诵 March 12th, Tuesday Sunny 　　I want to apologize to my friend for quarreling with her yesterday. I am ashamed of my rude words which/that really broke her heart. But for my rudeness, she would not have exploded with rage. As far as I’m concerned, having been close for eight years and almost inseparable, I don’t want to let go of our friendship. She is always so generous to me that we can trust and count on each other. Again, I want to say sorry to her from the bottom of my heart. In any case, I’m in the wrong. I do hope she can forgive me and make up with me. 易错点01 限制性定语从句关系代词用法辨析 【助记口诀】先行定人还是物，从句缺啥要记熟；主用 who/which/that，宾用 whom/who/that；whose 作定语后接名词 【错因辨析】 1. who指人，在从句作主语、宾语；whom指人，仅作宾语，可被 who 替换，口语中可省略。 The girl who/whom you met is my close friend.（whom 作 met 的宾语） 2. which指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语可省略。 3. that既可指人也可指物，作主语、宾语、表语；作宾语可省略。 只能用 that，不用 which 的高频场景： ①先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等； ②先行词被 all, every, the only, the very, 最高级、序数词修饰； ③先行词既有人又有物。 4. whose在从句中作定语，后面必须接名词；表所属关系。 替换结构：whose + n. = the + n. + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + n. I have a friend whose temper is easygoing. =I have a friend, the temper of whom is easygoing. 5. 主谓一致易错： ①one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句：从句谓语用复数； ②the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句：从句谓语用单数。 6. 关系代词已经代替先行词含义，从句不可重复出现先行词。 【对点训练】 1. The boy ________ we talked about just now is my best friend. 2. This is the only thing ________ I can do for you. 【答案】 1.who/whom/that 2.that 易错点02 whether…or… 引导让步状语从句 Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. 【错因辨析】 1. whether…or…引导让步状语从句，含义：无论…… 还是……；可以省略从句主谓，只保留非谓语。 2. 平行原则：or 前后的非谓语、句式结构必须保持一致。 Whether quarrel or making peace, true friendship will survive. 错误 Whether quarrelling or making peace, true friendship will survive.正确 3. 区分宾语从句 whether（是否）和让步状语从句 whether（无论）。 【对点训练】 1. Whether ________ (argue) or communicating, you should respect your friend. 2. ________ you agree or not, you should listen to your friend’s explanation. 【答案】1.arguing 2.Whether 一、默写重点单词 1. 浅的，肤浅的 adj. ________ 2. 笨拙的；令人尴尬的 adj. ________ 3. 肯定，确实；确切地 adv. ________ 4. 联系，接触；交往 v./n. ________ 5. 质量；品德 n. ________ 6. 额外的 adj. ________ 7. 出于好意的 adj. ________ 8. 意见，看法 n. ________ 9. 舒服 n.宽慰，抚慰 vt. ________ 10. 失败；未履行；故障 n. ________ 【答案】1.shallow 2.awkward 3. definitely 4. contact 5. quality 6. extra 7.well-meaning 8.opinion 9.comfort 10. failure 二、词汇运用 1. In my opinion，the best way to deal with a tease is to ________(不理会) it. 2. We should not ________(判断) others based on how much money they have. 3. He gradually ________(康复) from his illness after taking the medicine. 4. It is ________(慷慨) of you to donate so much money to our organization. 5. The shy girl felt ________(局促不安的) and uncomfortable when she couldn’t answer the question. 6. If you are interested in Chinese paintings, the club is ________(肯定) suitable for you. 7. Personally，online learning ________(使受益) me a lot because so many learning materials are available. 8. You’d better give us a ________(全面的) explanation in case of being misunderstood. 9. Living in the countryside is the happiest ________(时光) in my life. 10. The woman is looking for some goods of high ________(质量) on the Internet. 【答案】1.ignore 2. judge 3. recovered 4. generous 5. awkward 6. definitel 7. benefits 8. thorough 9. moment 10. quality 三、重点句型 1. 我真不知道是继续纠正他，还是干脆把这件事放下. I really did not know ______________________. 2.我甚至没来得及走到门口向她道谢, 她就离开了。 She left before I could even______________________ to offer my thanks.   3. 这些小说如此有趣以至于我想再读一次。 They are such interesting novels______________________.   4. 是时候让我们承担保护环境的责任了。 ______________________ the responsibility of protecting the environment.   5. 我将永远珍惜我们一起度过的那些难忘的日子。 I’ll treasure those unforgettable days ______________________.   6. 当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。 Of course, ______________________ is paying attention in class. 7. 第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。 The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to ______________________ over the city. 8. 她的老师告诉她，无论如何，她都应该和她的朋友坦诚地谈一谈。(that 引导宾语从句) Her teacher tells her ______________________. 9. 每周和父母在网上聊一次天成了我的习惯。 I ______________________ on the Internet once a week. 10. 人们一致认为友谊对我们每个人都很重要。(it作形式主语) ______________________ friendship is very important to each of us. 【答案】1.whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. 2.make it to the door 3. that I want to read them once again.   4. It is time for us to take 5. (that/which) we spent together forever.   6. not everyone who looks up 7. see the beautiful mountains looking out 8. that in any case she should have a frank talk with her friend. 9. make it a rule to chat with my parents 10. It is recognized that 四、语法填空 As the old saying goes, “Friends are like liquor (酒): the older, the better.” Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 1 (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 2 old friend, people will prefer the latter one 3 (base) on the long-term trust rather than the former one, even though the new friend’s advice may be better. I, however, disagree with the old saying, 4 (believe) that new friends are not 5 (necessary) worse than old friends. It is not always right 6 (determine) your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend, he or she must be a person 7 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8 (you). It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend. It actually has little to do with time. People’s appearance may change, but their character usually 9 (remain) the same. Therefore, on this point, there are no 10 (difference) between old friends and new friends. 【答案】 1．are given 2．an 3．based 4．believing 5．necessarily 6．to determine 7．who/that 8．yours 9．remains 10．differences 【导语】文章主要围绕老话“朋友如酒，越久越醇”展开论述，表达作者并不认同老友一定优于新朋友的观点，并阐明评判友情的核心依据。 【详解】1．考查动词语态。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。此处为谓语动词，陈述普遍情况用一般现在时，主语two pieces of advice与give之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为are given。 2．考查冠词。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。friend为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，结合句意，此处表示一位老朋友，为泛指，且old是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合固定搭配be based on意为“依据”可知，去掉be动词，所以此处使用过去分词based。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而我并不认同这句老话，认为新朋友未必比不上老朋友。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，believe与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词believing。 5．考查副词。句意：然而我并不认同这句老话，认为新朋友未必比不上老朋友。此处用来修饰形容词比较级worse，需用副词作状语，necessary的副词形式为necessarily意为“必然地”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：凭借相处时间长短来判定友情深浅并不总是正确的。此处固定句型it is right to do sth.意为“做某事是正确的”，其中it为形式主语，用动词不定式to determine作真正主语。 7．考查定语从句。句意：一旦你认定某人为朋友，那此人必定是可靠的，且与你志趣相投。此处引导定语从句，先行词为person指人，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who或that。 8．考查代词。句意：一旦你认定某人为朋友，那此人必定是可靠的，且与你志趣相投。此处指代你的兴趣爱好，后面无名词，需要用名词性物主代词yours。 9．考查动词时态。句意：人的外貌或许会改变，但品性通常始终如一。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语character为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为remains。 10．考查名词复数。句意：因此在这一点上，老朋友和新朋友之间并无差别。限定词no后接可数名词复数形式，difference“差别”的复数形式为differences。 五、阅读理解 A One day, my young grandson Milo asked me a special favor: he needed to “borrow” a grandmother for his best friend Charlie. Charlie was my grandson’s first best friend, who had become close friends in kindergarten. “Our class is making cards for Mother’s Day,” he explained, “but when I asked the teacher when Grandma’s Day was, she said that there really wasn’t one. So, Charlie and I are going to make a day”, he assured me, “but we need a grandma for Charlie. I have two, but he doesn’t even have one.” Our house was no more than a quick twenty-minute drive away. I could hardly refuse his sweet request. Three days later, I found an envelope with two large red hearts, where a stamp would usually be attached, under my pillow: Grandmother’s Day, 2:00 p.m., Saturday, May 13. At the appointed time, I knocked on the screen door. Welcoming yellow and blue balloons were tied to the handle, so I did not want to risk pulling it open. The boys were clean and excited, waiting for me eagerly. The table was beautifully prepared with lemonade, forks and themed napkins (餐巾). Every piece was covered with different stickers, such as stars, animals, trucks and cars. Mine had a warm little grandma pattern, with the words “Happy Grandmother’s Day” on it. Charlie could not hide his pride and said happily that his mother had made a chocolate cake for the event, “But,” he told everyone, “you have to eat a sandwich first. And,” he continued without a pause, “MY GRANDMOTHER came to my house yesterday, and we decorated the cake with cream together.” “No!” Milo immediately corrected. “That’s MY grandmother.” He frowned (皱眉) firmly, unwilling to share me with anyone else. Noticing their argument, I was about to kneel down and comfort them. But Milo suddenly calmed himself down, looked at Charlie sincerely and said, “Next Grandmother’s Day, we’ll prepare everything together from start to finish. And we’ll save the biggest piece for Grandma-no arguing. We’ll celebrate happily and have a wonderful Grandmother’s Day again.” 1．Why did Milo turn to the author for help? A．To act as Charlie’s grandma. B．To prepare a family gathering. C．To accompany his lonely friend. D．To draw a card for Mother’s Day. 2．How did the author react to Milo’s request? A．She felt surprised at the boy’s plan. B．She thought the boy’s idea was creative. C．She was touched by Milo’s sincere idea. D．She wondered if the plan would work well. 3．Which of the following best describes Milo? A．Caring and easy-going. B．Childish but thoughtful. C．Independent and devoting. D．Self-centered but determined. 4．What is the main theme of the passage? A．The warmth of family and friendship. B．The value of friendship between kids. C．The courage of solving disagreements. D．The love from the elderly to the young. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】主要讲述男孩麦洛为好友筹办专属祖母节、借他人奶奶参与庆祝，展现纯真友谊与温情亲情的温暖故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One day, my young grandson Milo asked me a special favor: he needed to “borrow” a grandmother for his best friend Charlie.(有一天，我的小孙子麦洛请我帮一个特别的忙：他需要为他最好的朋友查理“借”一位奶奶。)”可知，麦洛找作者帮忙，是希望作者充当查理的奶奶。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Our house was no more than a quick twenty-minute drive away. I could hardly refuse his sweet request.(我们家开车过去只需要短短二十分钟，我几乎无法拒绝他这个暖心的请求。)”可知，作者被麦洛真诚又暖心的想法打动，不忍心拒绝他。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He frowned (皱眉) firmly, unwilling to share me with anyone else. Noticing their argument, I was about to kneel down and comfort them. But Milo suddenly calmed himself down, looked at Charlie sincerely and said, “Next Grandmother’s Day, we’ll prepare everything together from start to finish. And we’ll save the biggest piece for Grandma-no arguing. We’ll celebrate happily and have a wonderful Grandmother’s Day again.” (他坚定地皱起眉头，不愿将我分享给任何人。察觉到两人的争执，我正要蹲下身安抚他们。但麦洛突然平复了情绪，真诚地看向查理说道：“下一届祖母节，我们从头到尾一起准备所有事宜。我们会把最大的一份留给奶奶，不再争执。我们要快乐庆祝，再度度过一个美好的祖母节。”)”可知，麦洛一开始不愿分享奶奶，表现出孩子气的一面，但之后主动退让安抚朋友，十分体贴周到。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是全文事件脉络，麦洛为没有奶奶的好友筹办祖母节，庆祝过程充满孩童间真挚的友情，同时作者与两个孩子相处满是祖孙间温情，文中友情与亲情交织，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是“家庭和友谊的温暖”。 B How to Make Friends with Someone Whether you’re starting a new school or joining a workplace team, there’s often someone you want to connect with but haven’t the courage to talk to yet. Below are practical tips to help you start a meaningful conversation, and lay the foundation for a lasting friendship. You’ve Never Spoken to Before Friendship is an important aspect of life. Perhaps there are new persons in your school who seem cool or fun, and you’d like to get to know them. But sometimes making friends can seem tough. 1 Smile. When you see them, greet them with a kind smile. 2 You may have never smiled at them before, so they may have no idea that you want to be friends with them. Smiling will plant a seed in their mind that you have some level of interest. Greet them with a “hello”. If you see them in the mornings, greet them with a “hello”. This will likely begin to spark an interest in them to know more about you and to talk to you. This will also guarantee that they notice you. 3 This is the most basic first step in making friends. Take a moment to approach them when you have some downtime and introduce yourself by name. You might say, “Hi, my name is Henry Locklear. I’m a junior. What’s your name?” Ask your common friends to introduce you. If you have common friends with this person, a great way is to have your friends introduce you to them. 4 If the two of you have common friends, it is all the more likely that you will hit it off as well. Ask a favor. One way to begin having small conversations with them is to ask for a small favor. This is a good way to guarantee that you are noticed. 5 Probably, you will be friends after that. A．Introduce yourself. B．Tell them something interesting. C．Smiles show friendliness and warmth. D．Fortunately, there are many options available to you. E．This is perhaps the easiest and most effective way to break the ice. F．For instance, you might ask them something like, “Can you grab a pencil for me?” G．You might want to shake their hand, especially if you are in a professional setting. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了结交新朋友、建立友谊的方法。 【详解】1．根据上文“Friendship is an important aspect of life. Perhaps there are new persons in your school who seem cool or fun, and you’d like to get to know them. But sometimes making friends can seem tough.(友谊是生活中重要的一部分。也许你学校里新来的同学，看起来很酷或很有趣，你想要去了解他们。但有时候，交朋友似乎并不容易)”可知，空前指出有时交友看起来很困难，D选项“幸运的是，你有很多可行的选择”承接上文的困境，引出下文介绍的各类交友技巧，逻辑通顺。 2．根据上文“When you see them, greet them with a kind smile.(当你看到他们时，用友善的微笑向他们打招呼)”可知，该段核心主题是微笑，C选项“微笑展现友好与温暖”对应前文提到的用善意微笑问候对方，解释了微笑的作用，契合段落主题。 3．根据后文“This is the most basic first step in making friends. Take a moment to approach them when you have some downtime and introduce yourself by name. You might say, “Hi, my name is Henry Locklear. I’m a junior. What’s your name?”(这是交友最基本的一步。当你有空闲时间时，不妨花点时间主动接近对方，并用名字自我介绍。比如可以说：“嗨，我叫亨利·洛克利尔，我是三年级学生。你叫什么名字？”)”可知，本段的主题是自我介绍，A选项“介绍你自己”概括该段的核心内容，作为段落主题句合适。 4．根据上文“If you have common friends with this person, a great way  is to have your friends introduce you to them.(如果你和这个人有共同的朋友，一个很好的方法就是让你的朋友介绍你认识他们)”可知，该段说明可以通过共同朋友牵线介绍彼此，E选项“这或许是打破僵局最简单有效的方式”对这种借助共同好友的交友方式的优势进行总结，衔接自然。 5．根据上文“One way to begin having small conversations with them is to ask for a small favor. This is a good way to guarantee that you are noticed.(与他们开始小范围交谈的一种方式是请对方帮忙做一件小事。这能很好地确保你被注意到)”可知，该段主题是通过请对方帮个小忙开启对话，F选项“比如，你可以问他们‘能帮我递支铅笔吗？’”是对“请求小帮助”的具体举例，契合段落内容。 六、完形填空 Exactly one year ago, I was sitting in my room, feeling like my world had permanently collapsed. I poured my heart out to a group of 1 online. My post blew up, and one private message 2 everything. It was from a girl in Italy. She wasn’t just offering 3 — she was living the same pain, feeling the same loss. Though she lived 10,000 kilometers away, we started talking. At first, it was just about 4 — checking in to make sure the other had eaten or stopped crying. But slowly, our 5 turned into daily life. We found comfort through our screens, two strangers drawn together by a(n) 6 ache. When I finally decided to take a solo trip to Europe, she became my biggest cheerleader. Still, I was 7 . What if our online friendship didn’t work in real life? But when we finally stood face-to-face, there was no “getting to know you” 8 — just a strong sense of familiarity. We hit the streets of the city 9 , like we’d been exploring together for years. At one moment, we realized something 10 : the experiences that once 11 us were actually the price of admission for this 12 . Without that pain, we would never have met. And we agreed — we would choose to 13 it all again, just to end up here. Our lives are so much bigger than the 14 that came to us. There are people we haven’t met yet who will 15 us, and cities we haven’t seen yet that will feel like home. Hold on. It gets so much better. 1．A．cheerleaders B．strangers C．colleagues D．neighbors 2．A．changed B．ruined C．indicated D．controlled 3．A．sympathy B．promise C．chances D．services 4．A．consultation B．relaxation C．survival D．work 5．A．memories B．plans C．secrets D．messages 6．A．hidden B．shared C．incurable D．unknown 7．A．expectant B．curious C．nervous D．lonely 8．A．celebration B．method C．phase D．desire 9．A．regularly B．cautiously C．aimlessly D．leisurely 10．A．important B．unclear C．embarrassing D．familiar 11．A．broke B．silenced C．entertained D．escaped 12．A．discovery B．friendship C．flight D．bravery 13．A．forget about B．go through C．reflect on D．adapt to 14．A．fame B．wealth C．sadness D．boredom 15．A．hear from B．depend on C．look for D．care about 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了作者一年前遭遇人生重创，上网倾诉结识同受伤痛的意大利女孩，二人线上相伴；线下见面格外投缘，二人顿悟过往磨难是友谊的契机，感悟人生不止悲伤，前路尚有温暖相遇。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：我向网上一群陌生人倾诉了内心所有苦楚。A. cheerleaders支持者；B. strangers陌生人；C. colleagues同事；D. neighbors邻居。根据下文“online”以及“two strangers drawn together”可知，作者与意大利女孩起初互不相识，作者倾诉的对象是线上陌生网友。 2．考查动词。句意：我的帖子爆火，一条私信彻底改变了一切。A. changed改变；B. ruined摧毁；C. indicated表明；D. controlled掌控。根据下文“like we’d been exploring together for years”以及“And we agreed — we would choose to ____ it all again, just to end up here.”可知，这条私信让作者结识了知己，扭转了她低落的生活状态。 3．考查名词。句意：她不只是表达同情——她也承受着相同的痛苦与失落。A. sympathy同情；B. promise承诺；C. chances机会；D. services服务。根据下文“she was living the same pain, feeling the same loss”可知，女孩并非单纯怜悯作者，而是和作者有着一模一样的伤痛。 4．考查名词。句意：起初只是关乎撑下去的慰藉——互相确认对方好好吃饭、停止哭泣。A. consultation咨询；B. relaxation放松；C. survival生存；D. work工作。根据下文“make sure the other had eaten or stopped crying”可知，二人都处于崩溃痛苦的低谷，互相确认最基础的生存状态。 5．考查名词。句意：但慢慢地，我们的往来讯息融入了彼此的日常生活。A. memories回忆；B. plans计划；C. secrets秘密；D. messages信息。根据上文“one private message ____ everything”和后文“We found comfort through our screens”可知，二人依靠线上私信开展沟通。 6．考查形容词。句意：隔着屏幕我们获得慰藉，两个陌生人因共同的伤痛走到了一起。A. hidden隐藏的；B. shared共有的；C. incurable难以治愈的；D. unknown未知的。根据上文“she was living the same pain, feeling the same loss”可知，二人拥有相同的伤痛。 7．考查形容词。句意：我依旧内心紧张不安。A. expectant满怀期待的；B. curious好奇的；C. nervous紧张的；D. lonely孤单的。根据下文“What if our online friendship didn’t work in real life?”可知，作者担忧线下见面相处不合，内心忐忑焦虑。 8．考查名词。句意：我们面对面相见时，完全没有“互相熟悉了解”的阶段，只有强烈的熟悉感。A. celebration庆祝；B. method方法；C. phase阶段；D. desire渴望。根据下文“just an strong sense of familiarity”可知，二人跳过了线下交友本该有的相互熟悉、破冰的阶段，有一见如故的感觉。 9．考查副词。句意：我们从容漫步城市街巷，仿佛已经结伴游历多年。A. regularly定期地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. aimlessly漫无目的地；D. leisurely悠闲从容地。根据下文“like we’d been exploring together for years”可知，二人线下相处自在放松，在街道上悠闲地散步。 10．考查形容词。句意：那一刻我们顿悟一件无比重要的事，那些曾经击垮我们的经历，其实是收获这份友谊的入场代价。A. important重要的；B. unclear模糊的；C. embarrassing尴尬的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文“Without that pain, we would never have met.”以及“we would choose to ____ it all again, just to end up here”可知，这是改变二人心境、极具分量的感悟。 11．考查动词。句意：同上。A. broke打破，击垮；B. silenced使沉默；C. entertained取悦；D. escaped逃离。根据上文“feeling like my world had permanently collapsed”可知，作者当初遭受毁灭性打击，break sb.意为“击垮；摧毁某人”，呼应“collapsed”。 12．考查名词。句意：同上。A. discovery发现；B. friendship友谊；C. flight旅途；D. bravery勇敢。根据上文“two strangers drawn together”以及二人线上线下相伴相知的故事可知，此处指二人珍贵的友谊。 13．考查动词短语。句意：我们都认同，为了拥有此刻的相遇，我们愿意再完整经历一遍所有痛苦。A. forget about忘记；B. go through经历；C. reflect on反思；D. adapt to适应。根据上文“Without that pain, we would never have met.”可知，句中代词it 指代pain，go through it意为“经受痛苦”，符合语境。 14．考查名词。句意：我们的人生远比降临在身上的悲伤更辽阔。A. fame名望；B. wealth财富；C. sadness悲伤；D. boredom乏味。根据上文“feeling like my world had permanently collapsed”、“Without that pain, we would never have met.”以及二人相识的契机是巨大伤痛可知，文章最后一段升华主旨：痛苦悲伤只是人生一小部分，前路还有更多美好。 15．考查动词短语。句意：还有未曾谋面的人会真心在意我们，未曾踏足的城市会如家一般温暖。A. hear from收到来信；B. depend on依靠；C. look for寻找；D. care about在乎。根据上文“we started talking”以及“checking in to make sure the other had eaten or stopped crying”可知，素未相识的女孩给予作者关怀，此处指“在意、关心我们的陌生人”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $