专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（1年汇编）（江苏专用）2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 Passage 1 The Temple of Heaven: A Timeless Treasure of Beijing The Temple of Heaven, or Tiantan, is one of the most famous symbols of Beijing.      ▲      First built in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, Tiantan has survived wars and changes of dynasties. After many careful repairs, it still stands — proudly along Beijing’s Central Axis — today. The Best-known Building The most famous building in Tiantan is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests. The hall is best known for its 28 large pillars. They are in three circles with special meanings: ☆4 pillars in the inner circle = 4 seasons ☆12 pillars in the middle circle = 12 lunar months ☆12 pillars in the outer circle = 12 traditional Chinese hours ☆24 pillars together (middle + outer) = 24 solar terms (节气) ☆28 pillars in total = 28 lunar mansions (二十八星宿) These pillars show how ancient Chinese people understood time, nature and stars. Tiantan is not just old — it is a living symbol of Chinese wisdom and culture. 1.Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A. A Long History B. A Faraway Star C. An Ancient City D. An Amazing Hall 2.What does the number “②” in the picture stand for? A. 3 circles. B. 12 lunar months. C. 4 seasons. D. 12 two-hour periods. 3.Where can you probably read the text? A. In a film review. B. In a storybook. C. In a health report. D. In a travel guide. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题）With the coming of spring, it’s getting warmer and warmer. Outdoor activities have grown increasingly popular across the country. A travel website has reported that sportcation, a new travel style mixing sports and relaxing trips, is gaining wide popularity recently. Based on its May 31st, 2026 Sportcation Travel Trend (趋势) Report, searches for outdoor activities like forest hiking, mountain biking, skateboarding and rock climbing increased by over 150% compared with last month. Plenty of travellers are willing to book related travel services, and two-to-three-day short trips are their top picks. Chinese netizens name this style “active and enjoyable travel”, which has become a new mainstream for their weekend holidays. The report says travellers aged 22 to 40 are the major group of sportcation lovers. At the same time, seniors aged about 60 have more spare time. They are also following this new trend. Many scenic spots nationwide are ideal for sportcation, including Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. Forest hiking is one of the most popular activities for sport-lovers. Trips along country roads and mountain routes are well-liked because of their beautiful views and fun adventures. Tropical rainforests are another attraction. The Xishuangbanna Forest Resort in Yunnan provides new outdoor activities such as rafting this summer. More office workers in cities enjoy weekend sportcation trips mainly about mountain biking. Over the past week, searches for nice rivers and lakes which are suitable for mountain biking have grown fast. Famous cycling routes include Zhejiang’s Qiandao Lake loop and Sichuan’s Jinjiang Greenway. This trend helps sell more local hotel rooms and scenic tickets. Besides hiking and cycling, sports such as surfing, rock climbing, yoga and tennis, are also warmly welcomed. As sportcation continues to grow, more Chinese travellers are expected to turn their weekends into exciting and healthy adventures. 1.What does the underlined word “sportcation” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. A special way to go cycling. B. A travel model to relax yourself. C. A new kind of exercise to keep fit. D. A popular sport to spend weekends. 2.From the passage, we know that ________. A. people prefer cycling because of lower costs B. people around 60 are main sportcation lovers C. people enjoy rainforest rafting the whole year D. people warmly welcome short sportcation trips 3.Which of the following matches “sportcation trips” most? A. Zhang Ke visited a technology museum in Sichuan. B. Lin Mei practised the indoor yoga in the sports centre. C. Han Gang tried rock climbing outdoors during the trip. D. Liu Tao enjoyed the sunshine on the beach in Shandong. 4.What’s the best title for this passage? A. China’s Most Popular Tourist Attractions B. The Rising Trend of Sport Trips in China C. Young People and Their Weekend Hobbies D. Tips for Staying Healthy during Summer 主题语境02 人与社会-社会 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）Combining (结合) exercise with community service is the main task of GoodGym, an organization that encourages the UK people to get fit by doing good. Members of it don’t need to pay for their exercise. All that is needed is their strong wish to walk, run or ride and willingness to do local volunteer work. GoodGym began in 2007 when Ivo Gormley, who set up the organization, started running to send a newspaper to an old person in his neighbourhood. At the time, Gormley wasn’t doing any exercise and missed being part of a basketball team. “I just didn’t like the idea of going to a gym (体育馆). I thought I could do something more useful with my exercise,” he said. For Gormley, he wanted to make it as easy as possible for people to stay in shape and serve the community. “If you are interested, you can have a try,” Gormley said. “You don’t have to come back if you don’t like it. It’s a really easy way to take part.” The chance to meet people is a key part that attracts members, Gormley said. He said a recent survey showed that many young people wanted to get away from phone screens and to have more in-person communication. Members of GoodGym sometimes have dinner together when their volunteer work is done. Christian Krekel, from the London School of Economics, spent two years studying if GoodGym’s combination of volunteering and exercise can do extra good to mental (心理的) health. “We are very glad to find improvements in all six parts of mental health, with 3,600 members reporting feeling less lonely and more satisfied with their lives. They also feel more closely connected with others,” Krekel said. 1.Why did Gormley set up GoodGym? A. To build his newspaper business. B. To get a chance to go to a gym. C. To keep in touch with a basketball team. D. To give extra meaning to exercise. 2.What makes GoodGym different? A. It serves the youth more. B. It has a clear and strict rule. C. It connects exercise with doing good. D. It prevents members from using phones. 3.What is Krekel’s attitude (态度) towards GoodGym? A. He doubts it. B. He welcomes it. C. He has no interest in it. D. He worries about its influence. 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （2026·江苏盐城·中考）Think all plants are just gentle growers? Then you’ll be amazed by their special ways to live. Most plants live on nutrients (养料) from the soil. But the Venus flytrap is a special plant that eats insects. It only lives in poor soil. It uses something sweet in its leaves to attract insects. When an insect touches its leaves twice, the leaves close quickly. Then the plant can take in food from the insect. The forest might seem quiet, but that doesn’t mean the plants aren’t “talking”. Sometimes trees send each other messages underground through a system of roots and fungi. For example, when under attack, a tree can send messages to nearby trees. Even better: The trees don’t need to be the same kind to communicate. Some plants have special smells. The corpse flower smells like dead meat. The smell will attract the insects which lay their eggs on dead animals. These insects can help spread the pollen (花粉) among the plants. The corpse flower comes out only once every 7 to 10 years — that might not be a bad thing since it smells so bad. Some plants can even “learn”. The mimosa plant usually curls (弯曲) up its leaves when it is touched. However, if it is touched many times and no danger comes, its leaves will no longer curl for over a month. Why? Scientists think it saves energy perhaps to shake off insects. How wonderful the natural world is! Step out, and more mysteries are waiting for you to explore. 1.What is special about the Venus flytrap? A. It is a meat eater. B. It can warn of danger. C. It lives in rich soil. D. It has a good memory. 2.How does the writer organize the paragraph about “talking” trees? A. By telling stories. B. By asking questions. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving examples. 3.Why do some plants smell special? A. To show they are dying. B. To keep themselves safe. C. To catch insects’ attention. D. To save energy to grow better. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Steps to explore nature. B. Plants’ smart ways to grow. C. Unusual abilities of insects. D. Living conditions of plants. 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 （2026·江苏镇江·中考）①Public affairs (公共事务), including social, economic, political or business activities, etc, usually influence almost everyone in the society. When it comes to public affairs, some people think that young people are becoming less interested in them. However, that’s not the case. ②Nowadays, people no longer have to wait for a copy of the local or international newspaper to be published before they can learn about the latest event. Only a few people keep the habit of getting information from a specific news media at a fixed time. In fact, gone are the days when people had to depend on newspapers or televisions to know about world events. Technology has greatly helped spread information and everyone, especially young people, can get it any time anywhere. ③As technology develops, websites and apps used for social networking are increasing at an amazing speed, so more chances are provided for young people to learn about public affairs. A survey carried out recently has shown that 94% of young people get up-to-date news from social media platforms at least a few times a day. What’s more, over 65% of them even discuss some serious problems and post their thoughts online on topics like green energy and space exploration. More and more young people make their voices heard about public affairs and offer some advice online. This wave of actions shows that they surely care about our society and would like to make efforts to make it better. ④Besides, young people pay more attention to climate change and are taking an active part in environmental protection for our planet. For example, a 25-year-old girl has planted 150,000 trees and trained hundreds of community members in raising bees. This girl is among millions of young people who are taking the responsibility (责任) of our society. ⑤In a word, young people have strong feelings of turning dreams into realities and are willing to devote themselves to the development of our society, which drives them to build the world better. 1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? A. Some advice. B. Our society. C. Green energy. D. Space exploration. 2.How does the writer show young people’s attention to public affairs in Paragraph 4? A. By providing an example. B. By carrying out a survey. C. By comparing numbers. D. By having an interview. 3.What is the structure of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2…) A. B. C. D. 4.What is the main idea of this passage? A. Interests shape the future of young people. B. Public affairs are worth everyone’s attention. C. Technology influences the spread of information. D. Young people are never absent from public affairs. 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏淮安·中考）In modern society, energy plays an important role in human activities. Generally, fossil fuels (化石燃料) are limited and unfriendly to our environment, while wind and water energy, though clean, can be easily influenced by weather conditions. The present nuclear plants (核电站) probably harm our environment. There is nothing like the sun to provide humans with unlimited clean energy. Under the guidance of China’s 15th Five-Year Plan, Chinese scientists are working harder to build a kind of “artificial (人造的) sun”. What is it like? Of course, it’s not the sun above our heads that provides energy for lives on Earth. In fact, it’s a special machine designed to make the nuclear fusion (核聚变) happen, similar to that of the sun. Nuclear fusion happens when lighter atomic nuclei (原子核) join together to form heavier atomic nuclei. Through this process, a huge amount of energy is produced. Unlike the present nuclear energy production method, this new way is environmentally friendly. However, producing practical energy from a nuclear fusion machine has many requirements, such as reaching temperatures above 100 million degrees for thousands of seconds. It is a must for the continuous energy production. That is very hard to achieve. Besides, making sure of its controllability is also a challenge. A report presented by Chinese scientists said that China’s controllable nuclear fusion energy development is entering a decisive period. The machines, such as the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, or EAST in Hefei, have set world records by keeping temperatures above 100 million degrees for more than 1,000 seconds. It means inside the test machines, humans have created the needed environment for future fusion plants for the first time. So far, no other country in the world has made this achievement. China’s fusion research has developed a lot in recent years. In November 2025, China put forward a research plan to build the BEST machine, China’s next-generation (下一代) “artificial sun”. Once completed by the end of 2027, BEST will do tests and check its working abilities. Even though there are many challenges, China has been making great progress in fusion energy with world records continuously broken. Controllable nuclear fusion, as one of the main projects during our country’s 15th Five-Year Plan period, brings the hope of clean and rich energy a step closer to reality. 1.Why does the writer mention different kinds of energy in Paragraph 1? A. To explain their influences. B. To list the progress made by China. C. To find out their differences. D. To show the value of “artificial sun”. 2.How does “artificial sun” produce energy? A. By repeating testing the sun. B. By working like the sun. C. By gathering the sun’s atomic nuclei. D. By getting heat from the sun. 3.What do the underlined words “this achievement” refer to (指) in Paragraph 4? A. Earlier test results have been confirmed. B. Correct working steps have been followed. C. Possible test reasons have been explained. D. Some working conditions have been reached. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. “Artificial Sun”: Future World Record B. “Artificial Sun”: Future Energy Hope C. “Artificial Sun”: Future Fuel Provider D. “Artificial Sun”: Future Science Leader Passage 2 （2026·江苏镇江·中考）Our country has made great progress in many fields. Here are four events. Thanks to the fishing ban (禁令), China’s Yangtze River shows signs of encouraging comeback. A research team has studied the changes in the waterway, which serves a population of 400 million people and many of the world’s largest factories. After the ban, the team has found out that the total number of fish there is twice larger than before and several endangered types have also increased. The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, the world’s highest bridge, opened to traffic in China last September, three years in the making. The bridge is 625 metres above a river in Guizhou. A creative business model mixing transportation and tourism is rising there. The coffee shop on the top of the 800-metre-high bridge tower is popular among tourists. For the first time, the astronauts from the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 used a new oven (烤箱) to cook and enjoy a space barbecue like chicken wings and black pepper steak (牛排). This added a new flavour to life in space station, marking a milestone in comfort and creation at the station. Twenty-one humanoid robots joined thousands of runners at the Yizhuang half-marathon in Beijing last April, the first time these machines raced with humans over a 21-km course. The robots came in all shapes and sizes. The winning robot finished the race with a time of 2 hours and 40 minutes, while the men’s winner spent 1 hour and 2 minutes. 1.What does the underlined word “flavour” probably mean? A. Therapy. B. Taste. C. System. D. Design. 2.Which of the following makes a contribution to the four events above? ① great creativity ② further medical research ③ development of technology ④ environmental awareness A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④ 3.Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from? A. Achievement. B. Health. C. Entertainment. D. Advertisement. Passage 3 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）Chinese researchers have developed a new system that can gently stop hundred-ton aircraft during emergency (紧急的) landings on the runway. The system has recently received a national creation award. The researchers developed a new material called foam (泡沫) concrete (混凝土). It looks like common concrete but weighs just 200 kg per cubic metre—about a tenth of the weight of standard concrete. When an aircraft runs into it, the material creates a “soft stopper” that takes in energy through controlled breaking. This allows the plane to slow down smoothly and finally stop safely. Landing is one of the most dangerous periods of flight. International air travel rules require a safety area of at least 90 metres beyond runways. In the past, the area was filled with water, grass, soil, or sand. All of them had disadvantages: Water could become hard ice or attract wildlife, while soil strength changed with weather. The key challenge is controlling how the foam concrete breaks down. It must have enough strength to support aircraft wheels but be weak enough to collapse when hit. For example, for large passenger planes, its strength must fall exactly between 0.30 and 0.35 megapascals (兆帕). Unlike earlier foreign designs that depended on expensive but not long-lasting concrete, the Chinese team developed a method that made the system cheaper and more lasting. They also developed methods to put millions of bubbles into the material and control the way it turns hard, making sure it works well even after being used in the open air for a long time. The system has now been used at 14 airports across China. Tests show that after one year, the material’s properties (性能) change by only 3%, proving its high quality. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What the material looks like. B. How the material is made. C. What makes the system work well. D. How the system is developed. 2.What does the underlined word “collapse” most probably mean? A. Break. B. Form. C. Appear. D. Burn. 3.What is the key advantage of the system? A. It can stop an aircraft in a shorter time. B. It can slow down an aircraft smoothly. C. It can create a safety area of over 90 metres. D. It can be used in the open air. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new runway safety system. B. To explain a new flying technology. C. To describe some possible landing methods. D. To compare two different safety materials. 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）Growing plants is a good way for you to relax and know the value of work. Here are some steps to grow your own tomatoes. Step 1: Grow from seeds Cut open a tomato to take the seeds out, and plant them in the soil. Make sure you water the soil until the plants are strong and tall. Step 2: Care for sprouts (嫩芽) Once your seeds have sprouted, keep them under a clear cover, which creates a mini-environment for them to grow strong. Step 3: ________ When the sprouts grow into seedlings (幼苗), take away the cover and expose (暴露) them a little more to the natural environment. Keep a close eye on them, as too much sun, water, or wind could harm their growth. Step 4: Transplant (移栽) seedlings Once your seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, they’re ready for a new home. Prepare a larger place for the seedlings to be transplanted. Check the roots (根) are deep enough to get the room they need to grow. Step 5: Grow, grow, grow Grow your tomato plants in a sunny place, but too much wind won’t do them any good. Put up a stake (支架) to stop the plants being blown over. 1.What must you remember to do during the first two steps? A. Put a tomato in the soil. B. Water the soil. C. Cut off extra sprouts. D. Change the cover. 2.What is Step 3? A. Plant sprouts. B. Take away sprouts. C. Cover seedlings. D. Care for seedlings. 3.What should you do when you see a few leaves on the seedlings? A. Take away the cover. B. Transplant the seedlings. C. Check if there are enough roots. D. Set up a stake to get enough wind. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题） The Two Poles: Similar but Different The two ends of our Earth have a lot in common—but they’re different in surprising ways! Both are very cold, with super dark winters and very bright summers. At certain points of the year, there are more than 20 hours a day of darkness or light. Antarctic (South Pole) Antarctica is about the size of Australia. It is actually a desert and the driest, coldest continent (大洲). Why? It is far from warm oceans, and it is high above sea level. The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is full of life. Penguins, white and black birds that can’t fly, are the symbol of Antarctica. In summer, tiny floating algae (藻类) grow very fast. Small shrimplike krill eat the algae. Then many sea animals, from penguins to fish, eat the krill. This is a good example of “food chain” in nature. Snow builds up year after year. The layers are pressed into glaciers (冰川) and ice sheets. The Arctic (North Pole) The Arctic is mostly an icy ocean. For thousands of years, native people have lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering what the land and sea provide. The Arctic is home to many animals. Some live there all year round, such as polar bears. Many birds fly to the Arctic in spring to raise their young, but not all of them stay for the winter. Each winter, large parts of the Arctic Ocean freeze with a layer of ice 6 to 10 feet thick. Most ice melts in summer, but the ice closest to the North Pole doesn’t. It keeps growing, reaching 25 feet thick somewhere. 1.What is at the bottom of the food chain in the Southern Ocean? A. Krill. B. Penguins. C. Algae. D. Fish. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. Antarctica is colder and drier than Australia. B. Penguins fly to Antarctica to raise their young. C. The ice near the Arctic can reach at most 20 feet. D. Not all polar bears stay in the Arctic all year round. 3.On which website can you find this passage? A. www.travelblog.org/culture B. www.chinadaily.com.cn/education C. www.sciencenews.org/health D. www.nationalgeographic.com/nature 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题）①Weather changes all the time, and so does the technology which is used to forecast (预报) it. Nowadays, AI-powered forecasting models are being developed to make weather predictions faster and more accurate (精准的). ②AI can collect and process more kinds of information than before. In the past, forecasts mainly depended on temperature, wind, and air pressure. Now, AI models can provide information, including city maps, population data, and even electricity usage records. For example, the Hong Kong Observatory uses computer vision, an AI method, to study radar pictures of rain. This helps scientists know the speed and direction of rain clouds. ③However, some weather events are still hard to forecast. Traditional models work well for large systems, such as areas of high or low pressure. But small, local events, like sudden rainstorms or tornadoes, are harder to predict. Reducing the grid (网格) size of a weather model helps. But the large number of processing makes it impossible to use traditional methods. ④Rain predictions near the equator are often less accurate than in other places. One reason is that the difference in tropical rainfall systems affects the predictions. Another reason is that observation systems are not equally good worldwide. ⑤At present, there are many ways to improve forecasts. With AI, weather forecasting is becoming faster, cheaper, and more accurate. For example, Nvidia’s CorrDiff model uses AI to produce more detailed forecasts quickly with less energy. Even the Hong Kong Observatory can make rain forecasts only a few hours ahead. 1.According to Paragraph 2, what information can AI models provide? a. city maps b. computer vision c. transport data d. electricity usage records A. ab B. ad C. bc D. cd 2.What makes rain predictions near the equator less accurate? A. The large number of processing. B. The equally good observation stations. C. The smaller grid size of a weather model. D. The difference in tropical rainfall systems. 3.Why does the writer mention the Hong Kong Observatory twice? A. To compare two main ways. B. To list different climate systems. C. To exchange ideas about forecasts. D. To give a good example of using AI. 4.According to the chart, which structure of the following is correct? (① — Paragraph…) A. ①→②→③④→⑤ B. ①②→③→④→⑤ C. ①→②→③→④⑤ D. ①→②③→④→⑤ Passage 2 （2026·江苏徐州·中考真题）A new study shows that squirrels are willing to make extra effort to get their favourite food. Many animals eat whatever is near them. Squirrels, however, prefer tastier snacks even when they are harder to get. British researchers put different foods on poles (杆) of different heights. Squirrels could easily climb a wooden pole to get to pumpkin seeds (籽). They could use a taller, more slippery (滑的) plastic pole to reach their favourite snacks. During the study, 11 wild gray squirrels made more than 4,000 choices. Even when faced with a more difficult climb, the animals still tried to choose their favourite food. A squirrel’s place in its group influenced decisions. Lower-level squirrels preferred to choose food that was easier to reach. If squirrels took extra time to get to the tastier snacks, there could be a risk. They may lose the food to a stronger rival (对手). Just like humans, squirrels will adjust (调整) how much work they need to get what they want depending on the situation. 1.In which part of a magazine may we read the passage? A. Sports news. B. Art world. C. Wildlife. D. Lifestyle. 2.Where are the researchers from? A. France. B. The USA. C. Australia. D. The UK. 3.What saying does the new study about squirrels make us believe? A. No pain, no gain. B. Practice makes perfect. C. Every dog has its day. D. Many hands make light work. 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph shows that the squirrels are _______. A. generous B. friendly C. hard-working D. smart 主题语境02 人与自我-方法与哲理 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）①We’ve all been there—sitting in a meeting, classroom, or workshop, not understanding a concept (概念) but too afraid to ask questions. The fear of sounding silly keeps us silent. We tell ourselves that everyone else must already understand, that our question is “stupid”, and that it’s better to nod along than risk embarrassment (窘迫). ②But what if those “stupid” questions are the most valuable ones? What if they’re the key to encouraging creation, increasing confidence and connecting more meaningfully with others? ③There are no stupid questions. What we consider as “stupid” questions always challenge fixed thinking and cause great breakthroughs. Many new possibilities come from such questions, like Newton thinking about why apples fall to the ground and ancient thinkers questioning why the sun rises and sets. These questions break traditional thinking and lead to creative discoveries. ④Moreover, asking such questions builds personal confidence and connection between people. Each time we ask a “stupid” question, we’re reducing the fear of losing face. We become more and more confident. At the same time, by asking “stupid” questions, we invite real conversations. When we ask “stupid” questions, we allow others to ask their own. We tell others it’s okay not to know everything, creating a culture of openness and curiosity. This leads to deeper and more honest connections. ⑤In short, in a world that doesn’t give value to true curiosity but to appearing knowledgeable, asking “stupid” questions becomes a superpower. So, the next time you think of a “stupid” question, just ask it. Remember: It is not a sign of silliness, but a sign of courage and true learning. 1.What stops people asking questions about a concept that they don’t understand? A. The difficulty of the concept. B. The value of the concept. C. The worry about embarrassing others. D. The fear of losing face. 2.What does the writer think of “stupid” questions in the passage? A. They often lead to creative discoveries. B. They are often caused by fixed thinking. C. They often increase people’s fear of feeling silly. D. They are often asked by stupid people in conversations. 3.What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A. ①/②/③④/⑤ B. ①②/③/④⑤ C. ①/②③/④⑤ D. ①/②③/④/⑤ 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Way of Asking “Stupid” Questions B. The Types of “Stupid” Questions C. The Power of Asking “Stupid” Questions D. The Cost of “Stupid” Questions / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-旅游 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B 主题语境02人与社会-社会 【答案】1.D2.C3.B 主题语境03人与自然-动物与植物 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-社会 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.D 主题语境02人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.A Passage 3 112 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A 主题语境03人与自然-动物与植物 【答案】1.B2.D3.B 主题语境04人与自然-自然 【答案】1.C2.A3.D 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.D 主题语境02人与自我-方法与哲理 【答案】1.D2.A3.A4.C 212 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-旅游 Passage 1 The Temple of Heaven: A Timeless Treasure of Beijing The Temple of Heaven, or Tiantan, is one of the most famous symbols of Beijing.      ▲      First built in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, Tiantan has survived wars and changes of dynasties. After many careful repairs, it still stands — proudly along Beijing’s Central Axis — today. The Best-known Building The most famous building in Tiantan is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests. The hall is best known for its 28 large pillars. They are in three circles with special meanings: ☆4 pillars in the inner circle = 4 seasons ☆12 pillars in the middle circle = 12 lunar months ☆12 pillars in the outer circle = 12 traditional Chinese hours ☆24 pillars together (middle + outer) = 24 solar terms (节气) ☆28 pillars in total = 28 lunar mansions (二十八星宿) These pillars show how ancient Chinese people understood time, nature and stars. Tiantan is not just old — it is a living symbol of Chinese wisdom and culture. 1.Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A. A Long History B. A Faraway Star C. An Ancient City D. An Amazing Hall 2.What does the number “②” in the picture stand for? A. 3 circles. B. 12 lunar months. C. 4 seasons. D. 12 two-hour periods. 3.Where can you probably read the text? A. In a film review. B. In a storybook. C. In a health report. D. In a travel guide. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文，介绍了北京天坛的相关信息，涵盖其悠久的发展历史与祈年殿内28根柱子的象征意义，展现了中国古人的智慧与文化内涵。 (1)题解析： 根据“First built in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, Tiantan has survived wars and changes of dynasties. After many careful repairs, it still stands — proudly along Beijing’s Central Axis — today.”可知，空格后段落围绕天坛的历史发展展开，核心内容是其悠久的历史，因此适合填入的小标题是“A Long History”。 (2)题解析： 根据“12 pillars in the middle circle = 12 lunar months”，结合图片里②指向中间圈的柱子，可知数字②代表12个阴历月。 (3)题解析： 根据“The Temple of Heaven, or Tiantan, is one of the most famous symbols of Beijing.”及后文对天坛历史、特色建筑的介绍可知，本文属于景点介绍类内容，由此可推知该文本通常会出现在旅游指南中。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题）With the coming of spring, it’s getting warmer and warmer. Outdoor activities have grown increasingly popular across the country. A travel website has reported that sportcation, a new travel style mixing sports and relaxing trips, is gaining wide popularity recently. Based on its May 31st, 2026 Sportcation Travel Trend (趋势) Report, searches for outdoor activities like forest hiking, mountain biking, skateboarding and rock climbing increased by over 150% compared with last month. Plenty of travellers are willing to book related travel services, and two-to-three-day short trips are their top picks. Chinese netizens name this style “active and enjoyable travel”, which has become a new mainstream for their weekend holidays. The report says travellers aged 22 to 40 are the major group of sportcation lovers. At the same time, seniors aged about 60 have more spare time. They are also following this new trend. Many scenic spots nationwide are ideal for sportcation, including Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. Forest hiking is one of the most popular activities for sport-lovers. Trips along country roads and mountain routes are well-liked because of their beautiful views and fun adventures. Tropical rainforests are another attraction. The Xishuangbanna Forest Resort in Yunnan provides new outdoor activities such as rafting this summer. More office workers in cities enjoy weekend sportcation trips mainly about mountain biking. Over the past week, searches for nice rivers and lakes which are suitable for mountain biking have grown fast. Famous cycling routes include Zhejiang’s Qiandao Lake loop and Sichuan’s Jinjiang Greenway. This trend helps sell more local hotel rooms and scenic tickets. Besides hiking and cycling, sports such as surfing, rock climbing, yoga and tennis, are also warmly welcomed. As sportcation continues to grow, more Chinese travellers are expected to turn their weekends into exciting and healthy adventures. 1.What does the underlined word “sportcation” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. A special way to go cycling. B. A travel model to relax yourself. C. A new kind of exercise to keep fit. D. A popular sport to spend weekends. 2.From the passage, we know that ________. A. people prefer cycling because of lower costs B. people around 60 are main sportcation lovers C. people enjoy rainforest rafting the whole year D. people warmly welcome short sportcation trips 3.Which of the following matches “sportcation trips” most? A. Zhang Ke visited a technology museum in Sichuan. B. Lin Mei practised the indoor yoga in the sports centre. C. Han Gang tried rock climbing outdoors during the trip. D. Liu Tao enjoyed the sunshine on the beach in Shandong. 4.What’s the best title for this passage? A. China’s Most Popular Tourist Attractions B. The Rising Trend of Sport Trips in China C. Young People and Their Weekend Hobbies D. Tips for Staying Healthy during Summer 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了中国新兴的“sportcation”旅游趋势，包含其定义、受欢迎程度、主要人群、热门活动及未来发展。 (1)题解析： 根据第一段“a new travel style mixing sports and relaxing trips”可推知该词指的是一种结合运动和放松旅行的旅游模式，与选项B描述一致。 (2)题解析： 根据第二段“two-to-three-day short trips are their top picks”可推知短期旅行是游客的首选，说明人们非常欢迎短期的运动假期旅行。 (3)题解析： 根据第一段“mixing sports and relaxing trips”及文中提到的户外活动如“rock climbing”可推知该旅行方式需结合户外运动与旅行，旅行期间在户外尝试攀岩最符合该定义。 (4)题解析： 通读全文，结合第一段“sportcation... is gaining wide popularity recently”及全文内容可推知文章主要围绕中国运动旅行趋势的增长情况进行介绍，标题应涵盖这一核心主题。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）Combining (结合) exercise with community service is the main task of GoodGym, an organization that encourages the UK people to get fit by doing good. Members of it don’t need to pay for their exercise. All that is needed is their strong wish to walk, run or ride and willingness to do local volunteer work. GoodGym began in 2007 when Ivo Gormley, who set up the organization, started running to send a newspaper to an old person in his neighbourhood. At the time, Gormley wasn’t doing any exercise and missed being part of a basketball team. “I just didn’t like the idea of going to a gym (体育馆). I thought I could do something more useful with my exercise,” he said. For Gormley, he wanted to make it as easy as possible for people to stay in shape and serve the community. “If you are interested, you can have a try,” Gormley said. “You don’t have to come back if you don’t like it. It’s a really easy way to take part.” The chance to meet people is a key part that attracts members, Gormley said. He said a recent survey showed that many young people wanted to get away from phone screens and to have more in-person communication. Members of GoodGym sometimes have dinner together when their volunteer work is done. Christian Krekel, from the London School of Economics, spent two years studying if GoodGym’s combination of volunteering and exercise can do extra good to mental (心理的) health. “We are very glad to find improvements in all six parts of mental health, with 3,600 members reporting feeling less lonely and more satisfied with their lives. They also feel more closely connected with others,” Krekel said. 1.Why did Gormley set up GoodGym? A. To build his newspaper business. B. To get a chance to go to a gym. C. To keep in touch with a basketball team. D. To give extra meaning to exercise. 2.What makes GoodGym different? A. It serves the youth more. B. It has a clear and strict rule. C. It connects exercise with doing good. D. It prevents members from using phones. 3.What is Krekel’s attitude (态度) towards GoodGym? A. He doubts it. B. He welcomes it. C. He has no interest in it. D. He worries about its influence. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了英国特色组织GoodGym的创立背景、运行模式，以及它将健身锻炼和社区志愿服务相结合的形式，在助力民众身体素质提升的同时，也对参与者的心理健康和人际联结产生了积极作用。 (1)题解析： 根据文章第2段“I thought I could do something more useful with my exercise”可知Gormley希望运动能发挥更大作用，即赋予运动额外的意义。 (2)题解析： 根据文章第1段“Combining exercise with community service is the main task of GoodGym”可知该组织的独特之处在于将锻炼与做好事相结合。 (3)题解析： 根据文章第5段“We are very glad to find improvements in all six parts of mental health”可知Krekel对研究结果感到高兴，持欢迎和支持态度。 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （2026·江苏盐城·中考）Think all plants are just gentle growers? Then you’ll be amazed by their special ways to live. Most plants live on nutrients (养料) from the soil. But the Venus flytrap is a special plant that eats insects. It only lives in poor soil. It uses something sweet in its leaves to attract insects. When an insect touches its leaves twice, the leaves close quickly. Then the plant can take in food from the insect. The forest might seem quiet, but that doesn’t mean the plants aren’t “talking”. Sometimes trees send each other messages underground through a system of roots and fungi. For example, when under attack, a tree can send messages to nearby trees. Even better: The trees don’t need to be the same kind to communicate. Some plants have special smells. The corpse flower smells like dead meat. The smell will attract the insects which lay their eggs on dead animals. These insects can help spread the pollen (花粉) among the plants. The corpse flower comes out only once every 7 to 10 years — that might not be a bad thing since it smells so bad. Some plants can even “learn”. The mimosa plant usually curls (弯曲) up its leaves when it is touched. However, if it is touched many times and no danger comes, its leaves will no longer curl for over a month. Why? Scientists think it saves energy perhaps to shake off insects. How wonderful the natural world is! Step out, and more mysteries are waiting for you to explore. 1.What is special about the Venus flytrap? A. It is a meat eater. B. It can warn of danger. C. It lives in rich soil. D. It has a good memory. 2.How does the writer organize the paragraph about “talking” trees? A. By telling stories. B. By asking questions. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving examples. 3.Why do some plants smell special? A. To show they are dying. B. To keep themselves safe. C. To catch insects’ attention. D. To save energy to grow better. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Steps to explore nature. B. Plants’ smart ways to grow. C. Unusual abilities of insects. D. Living conditions of plants. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文，介绍了捕蝇草、树木、尸花、含羞草四类植物的特殊生存能力，展现了植物的独特生存智慧，呼吁人们探索自然奥秘。 (1)题解析： 根据方框内第1段第二句“But the Venus flytrap is a special plant that eats insects.”及本段最后一句“Then the plant can take in food from the insect.”可知，捕蝇草能吃昆虫并从昆虫中获取食物，属于食肉植物。 (2)题解析： 根据方框内第2段第三句“For example, when under attack, a tree can send messages to nearby trees.”可推知，作者通过举例子的方式组织“会说话的树”相关段落，用具体事例说明树木的交流机制。 (3)题解析： 根据方框内第3段第三句“The smell will attract the insects which lay their eggs on dead animals.”可推知，植物拥有特殊气味是为了吸引昆虫的注意，借助这类昆虫传播花粉。 (4)题解析： 根据文章首段第二句“Then you’ll be amazed by their special ways to live.”及全文对四类植物特殊能力的介绍可推知，文章核心是介绍植物聪明的生长生存方式。 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 （2026·江苏镇江·中考）①Public affairs (公共事务), including social, economic, political or business activities, etc, usually influence almost everyone in the society. When it comes to public affairs, some people think that young people are becoming less interested in them. However, that’s not the case. ②Nowadays, people no longer have to wait for a copy of the local or international newspaper to be published before they can learn about the latest event. Only a few people keep the habit of getting information from a specific news media at a fixed time. In fact, gone are the days when people had to depend on newspapers or televisions to know about world events. Technology has greatly helped spread information and everyone, especially young people, can get it any time anywhere. ③As technology develops, websites and apps used for social networking are increasing at an amazing speed, so more chances are provided for young people to learn about public affairs. A survey carried out recently has shown that 94% of young people get up-to-date news from social media platforms at least a few times a day. What’s more, over 65% of them even discuss some serious problems and post their thoughts online on topics like green energy and space exploration. More and more young people make their voices heard about public affairs and offer some advice online. This wave of actions shows that they surely care about our society and would like to make efforts to make it better. ④Besides, young people pay more attention to climate change and are taking an active part in environmental protection for our planet. For example, a 25-year-old girl has planted 150,000 trees and trained hundreds of community members in raising bees. This girl is among millions of young people who are taking the responsibility (责任) of our society. ⑤In a word, young people have strong feelings of turning dreams into realities and are willing to devote themselves to the development of our society, which drives them to build the world better. 1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? A. Some advice. B. Our society. C. Green energy. D. Space exploration. 2.How does the writer show young people’s attention to public affairs in Paragraph 4? A. By providing an example. B. By carrying out a survey. C. By comparing numbers. D. By having an interview. 3.What is the structure of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2…) A. B. C. D. 4.What is the main idea of this passage? A. Interests shape the future of young people. B. Public affairs are worth everyone’s attention. C. Technology influences the spread of information. D. Young people are never absent from public affairs. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，反驳“年轻人对公共事务兴趣降低”这一观点，从信息获取渠道、社交媒体参与、环保实践三个方面论证年轻人依然关心公共事务，并愿意为社会发展付出努力。 (1)题解析： 根据第三段“More and more young people make their voices heard about public affairs and offer some advice online. This wave of actions shows that they surely care about our society and would like to make efforts to make it better.”可知，年轻人关心我们的社会，希望通过努力让社会变得更好；因此，划线单词“it”指代前文提到的“our society”。 (2)题解析： 根据第四段“For example, a 25-year-old girl has planted 150,000 trees and trained hundreds of community members in raising bees.”可知，作者通过列举一名女孩参与环保行动的例子，来展现年轻人对公共事务的关注。 (3)题解析： 第①段提出观点：年轻人并没有对公共事务失去兴趣；第②③④段分别从信息获取、网络讨论、环保行动三个角度论证；第⑤段总结全文。文章结构为“总—分—总”，对应选项D结构图。 (4)题解析： 根据第一段“When it comes to public affairs, some people think that young people are becoming less interested in them. However, that’s not the case.”以及第五段“In a word, young people have strong feelings of turning dreams into realities and are willing to devote themselves to the development of our society, which drives them to build the world better.”可知，文章核心是论证年轻人始终关注并积极参与公共事务，即年轻人从未缺席公共事务。 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏淮安·中考）In modern society, energy plays an important role in human activities. Generally, fossil fuels (化石燃料) are limited and unfriendly to our environment, while wind and water energy, though clean, can be easily influenced by weather conditions. The present nuclear plants (核电站) probably harm our environment. There is nothing like the sun to provide humans with unlimited clean energy. Under the guidance of China’s 15th Five-Year Plan, Chinese scientists are working harder to build a kind of “artificial (人造的) sun”. What is it like? Of course, it’s not the sun above our heads that provides energy for lives on Earth. In fact, it’s a special machine designed to make the nuclear fusion (核聚变) happen, similar to that of the sun. Nuclear fusion happens when lighter atomic nuclei (原子核) join together to form heavier atomic nuclei. Through this process, a huge amount of energy is produced. Unlike the present nuclear energy production method, this new way is environmentally friendly. However, producing practical energy from a nuclear fusion machine has many requirements, such as reaching temperatures above 100 million degrees for thousands of seconds. It is a must for the continuous energy production. That is very hard to achieve. Besides, making sure of its controllability is also a challenge. A report presented by Chinese scientists said that China’s controllable nuclear fusion energy development is entering a decisive period. The machines, such as the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, or EAST in Hefei, have set world records by keeping temperatures above 100 million degrees for more than 1,000 seconds. It means inside the test machines, humans have created the needed environment for future fusion plants for the first time. So far, no other country in the world has made this achievement. China’s fusion research has developed a lot in recent years. In November 2025, China put forward a research plan to build the BEST machine, China’s next-generation (下一代) “artificial sun”. Once completed by the end of 2027, BEST will do tests and check its working abilities. Even though there are many challenges, China has been making great progress in fusion energy with world records continuously broken. Controllable nuclear fusion, as one of the main projects during our country’s 15th Five-Year Plan period, brings the hope of clean and rich energy a step closer to reality. 1.Why does the writer mention different kinds of energy in Paragraph 1? A. To explain their influences. B. To list the progress made by China. C. To find out their differences. D. To show the value of “artificial sun”. 2.How does “artificial sun” produce energy? A. By repeating testing the sun. B. By working like the sun. C. By gathering the sun’s atomic nuclei. D. By getting heat from the sun. 3.What do the underlined words “this achievement” refer to (指) in Paragraph 4? A. Earlier test results have been confirmed. B. Correct working steps have been followed. C. Possible test reasons have been explained. D. Some working conditions have been reached. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. “Artificial Sun”: Future World Record B. “Artificial Sun”: Future Energy Hope C. “Artificial Sun”: Future Fuel Provider D. “Artificial Sun”: Future Science Leader 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了中国正在研发的“人造太阳”核聚变能源技术，包括其原理、面临的挑战、取得的进展以及未来计划，强调了其对清洁能源的希望。 (1)题解析： 第一段“fossil fuels (化石燃料) are limited and unfriendly to our environment, while wind and water energy, though clean, can be easily influenced by weather conditions...There is nothing like the sun to provide humans with unlimited clean energy”中作者列举其他能源的局限性是为了衬托“人造太阳”的价值。 (2)题解析： 第二段“it’s a special machine designed to make the nuclear fusion (核聚变) happen, similar to that of the sun”说明人造太阳是通过模拟太阳的核聚变原理来产出能量。 (3)题解析： 第四段指出“the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, or EAST in Hefei, have set world records by keeping temperatures above 100 million degrees for more than 1,000 seconds. It means inside the test machines, humans have created the needed environment for future fusion plants for the first time”，可知“this achievement”指代的是已经达成了核聚变发电所需的部分工况条件。 (4)题解析： 最后一段提到“Controllable nuclear fusion, as one of the main projects during our country’s 15th Five-Year Plan period, brings the hope of clean and rich energy a step closer to reality”，点明全文核心是作为未来清洁能源希望的人造太阳相关研发进展，对应最佳标题“Artificial Sun”: Future Energy Hope。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏镇江·中考）Our country has made great progress in many fields. Here are four events. Thanks to the fishing ban (禁令), China’s Yangtze River shows signs of encouraging comeback. A research team has studied the changes in the waterway, which serves a population of 400 million people and many of the world’s largest factories. After the ban, the team has found out that the total number of fish there is twice larger than before and several endangered types have also increased. The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, the world’s highest bridge, opened to traffic in China last September, three years in the making. The bridge is 625 metres above a river in Guizhou. A creative business model mixing transportation and tourism is rising there. The coffee shop on the top of the 800-metre-high bridge tower is popular among tourists. For the first time, the astronauts from the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 used a new oven (烤箱) to cook and enjoy a space barbecue like chicken wings and black pepper steak (牛排). This added a new flavour to life in space station, marking a milestone in comfort and creation at the station. Twenty-one humanoid robots joined thousands of runners at the Yizhuang half-marathon in Beijing last April, the first time these machines raced with humans over a 21-km course. The robots came in all shapes and sizes. The winning robot finished the race with a time of 2 hours and 40 minutes, while the men’s winner spent 1 hour and 2 minutes. 1.What does the underlined word “flavour” probably mean? A. Therapy. B. Taste. C. System. D. Design. 2.Which of the following makes a contribution to the four events above? ① great creativity ② further medical research ③ development of technology ④ environmental awareness A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④ 3.Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from? A. Achievement. B. Health. C. Entertainment. D. Advertisement. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文，介绍了中国在生态保护、基建工程、航天科技、机器人技术四个领域取得的四项发展成就，分别是长江禁渔后生态恢复、花江大峡谷大桥通车、航天员实现太空烧烤、人形机器人参与半程马拉松，展现了中国多领域的发展成果。 (1)题解析： 根据第四段“For the first time, the astronauts from the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 used a new oven to cook and enjoy a space barbecue like chicken wings and black pepper steak. This added a new flavour to life in space station”可知，航天员使用新烤箱制作并享用太空烧烤，为空间站生活增添了新的饮食风味，flavour的含义与taste相近。 (2)题解析： 根据第二段“Thanks to the fishing ban, China’s Yangtze River shows signs of encouraging comeback.”、第三段“A creative business model mixing transportation and tourism is rising there.”、第四段“marking a milestone in comfort and creation at the station.”以及第五段“Twenty-one humanoid robots joined thousands of runners at the Yizhuang half-marathon in Beijing last April”可知，长江生态恢复离不开环保意识，大桥的创新商业模式、太空烹饪技术、人形机器人的研发都依托于出色的创造力与科技发展，这三项因素都对文中的事件有贡献。 (3)题解析： 根据首段“Our country has made great progress in many fields. Here are four events.”可知，全文围绕中国多领域的发展成就展开，因此最可能出自杂志的成就板块。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）Chinese researchers have developed a new system that can gently stop hundred-ton aircraft during emergency (紧急的) landings on the runway. The system has recently received a national creation award. The researchers developed a new material called foam (泡沫) concrete (混凝土). It looks like common concrete but weighs just 200 kg per cubic metre—about a tenth of the weight of standard concrete. When an aircraft runs into it, the material creates a “soft stopper” that takes in energy through controlled breaking. This allows the plane to slow down smoothly and finally stop safely. Landing is one of the most dangerous periods of flight. International air travel rules require a safety area of at least 90 metres beyond runways. In the past, the area was filled with water, grass, soil, or sand. All of them had disadvantages: Water could become hard ice or attract wildlife, while soil strength changed with weather. The key challenge is controlling how the foam concrete breaks down. It must have enough strength to support aircraft wheels but be weak enough to collapse when hit. For example, for large passenger planes, its strength must fall exactly between 0.30 and 0.35 megapascals (兆帕). Unlike earlier foreign designs that depended on expensive but not long-lasting concrete, the Chinese team developed a method that made the system cheaper and more lasting. They also developed methods to put millions of bubbles into the material and control the way it turns hard, making sure it works well even after being used in the open air for a long time. The system has now been used at 14 airports across China. Tests show that after one year, the material’s properties (性能) change by only 3%, proving its high quality. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What the material looks like. B. How the material is made. C. What makes the system work well. D. How the system is developed. 2.What does the underlined word “collapse” most probably mean? A. Break. B. Form. C. Appear. D. Burn. 3.What is the key advantage of the system? A. It can stop an aircraft in a shorter time. B. It can slow down an aircraft smoothly. C. It can create a safety area of over 90 metres. D. It can be used in the open air. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new runway safety system. B. To explain a new flying technology. C. To describe some possible landing methods. D. To compare two different safety materials. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国研究人员研发的一种新型泡沫混凝土系统，该系统能在飞机紧急降落时提供缓冲保护，文中探讨了其工作原理、优势及实际应用情况。 (1)题解析： 根据第二段“When an aircraft runs into it, the material creates a ‘soft stopper’ that takes in energy... This allows the plane to slow down smoothly...”可知，本段重点阐述了材料如何通过吸收能量使飞机平稳停止，解释了系统有效工作的原理。 (2)题解析： 根据第四段“It must have enough strength to support aircraft wheels but be weak enough to collapse when hit.”可知，单词所在句表示材料需有足够强度支撑轮子，但在被撞击时要足够弱以便发生形变或破碎来吸收能量，与Break含义相符。 (3)题解析： 根据第二段“This allows the plane to slow down smoothly and finally stop safely.”可知，该系统的关键优势在于能够让飞机平稳减速并最终安全停止。 (4)题解析： 根据第一段“Chinese researchers have developed a new system that can gently stop hundred-ton aircraft during emergency landings on the runway.”可知，全文围绕这一新型跑道安全系统的研发、原理及应用展开，旨在介绍该系统。 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）Growing plants is a good way for you to relax and know the value of work. Here are some steps to grow your own tomatoes. Step 1: Grow from seeds Cut open a tomato to take the seeds out, and plant them in the soil. Make sure you water the soil until the plants are strong and tall. Step 2: Care for sprouts (嫩芽) Once your seeds have sprouted, keep them under a clear cover, which creates a mini-environment for them to grow strong. Step 3: ________ When the sprouts grow into seedlings (幼苗), take away the cover and expose (暴露) them a little more to the natural environment. Keep a close eye on them, as too much sun, water, or wind could harm their growth. Step 4: Transplant (移栽) seedlings Once your seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, they’re ready for a new home. Prepare a larger place for the seedlings to be transplanted. Check the roots (根) are deep enough to get the room they need to grow. Step 5: Grow, grow, grow Grow your tomato plants in a sunny place, but too much wind won’t do them any good. Put up a stake (支架) to stop the plants being blown over. 1.What must you remember to do during the first two steps? A. Put a tomato in the soil. B. Water the soil. C. Cut off extra sprouts. D. Change the cover. 2.What is Step 3? A. Plant sprouts. B. Take away sprouts. C. Cover seedlings. D. Care for seedlings. 3.What should you do when you see a few leaves on the seedlings? A. Take away the cover. B. Transplant the seedlings. C. Check if there are enough roots. D. Set up a stake to get enough wind. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了种植西红柿的五个步骤，介绍了从种子培育、嫩芽养护、幼苗照料、移栽幼苗到后期养护的完整种植流程。 (1)题解析： Step 1指出要求：“Make sure you water the soil until the plants are strong and tall”，这直接说明在前两个步骤中必须记得给土壤浇水。 (2)题解析： Step 3说明内容：“When the sprouts grow into seedlings, take away the cover and expose them a little more to the natural environment. Keep a close eye on them”，因此第三步是照料幼苗。 (3)题解析： Step 4说明要求：“Once your seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves, they’re ready for a new home”，说明幼苗长出几片叶子的时候，就可以移栽幼苗。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题） The Two Poles: Similar but Different The two ends of our Earth have a lot in common—but they’re different in surprising ways! Both are very cold, with super dark winters and very bright summers. At certain points of the year, there are more than 20 hours a day of darkness or light. Antarctic (South Pole) Antarctica is about the size of Australia. It is actually a desert and the driest, coldest continent (大洲). Why? It is far from warm oceans, and it is high above sea level. The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is full of life. Penguins, white and black birds that can’t fly, are the symbol of Antarctica. In summer, tiny floating algae (藻类) grow very fast. Small shrimplike krill eat the algae. Then many sea animals, from penguins to fish, eat the krill. This is a good example of “food chain” in nature. Snow builds up year after year. The layers are pressed into glaciers (冰川) and ice sheets. The Arctic (North Pole) The Arctic is mostly an icy ocean. For thousands of years, native people have lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering what the land and sea provide. The Arctic is home to many animals. Some live there all year round, such as polar bears. Many birds fly to the Arctic in spring to raise their young, but not all of them stay for the winter. Each winter, large parts of the Arctic Ocean freeze with a layer of ice 6 to 10 feet thick. Most ice melts in summer, but the ice closest to the North Pole doesn’t. It keeps growing, reaching 25 feet thick somewhere. 1.What is at the bottom of the food chain in the Southern Ocean? A. Krill. B. Penguins. C. Algae. D. Fish. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. Antarctica is colder and drier than Australia. B. Penguins fly to Antarctica to raise their young. C. The ice near the Arctic can reach at most 20 feet. D. Not all polar bears stay in the Arctic all year round. 3.On which website can you find this passage? A. www.travelblog.org/culture B. www.chinadaily.com.cn/education C. www.sciencenews.org/health D. www.nationalgeographic.com/nature 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文，介绍了地球南极与北极的相似特征，同时从地理属性、生物、冰层特点等方面介绍了二者的不同之处。 (1)题解析： 根据文章Antarctic (South Pole)部分的“In summer, tiny floating algae (藻类) grow very fast. Small shrimplike krill eat the algae. Then many sea animals, from penguins to fish, eat the krill.”可推知，南大洋的食物链中藻类是最基础的生产者，处于食物链的最底端。 (2)题解析： 根据文章Antarctic (South Pole)部分的“It is actually a desert and the driest, coldest continent (大洲).”可推知，南极洲是所有大洲中最干燥、最寒冷的，因此它比澳大利亚更冷、更干燥。 (3)题解析： 根据全文内容可知，文章围绕南极、北极的自然地理与生物相关知识展开，属于自然科普类内容，因此最可能出现在国家地理的自然板块网站中。 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题）①Weather changes all the time, and so does the technology which is used to forecast (预报) it. Nowadays, AI-powered forecasting models are being developed to make weather predictions faster and more accurate (精准的). ②AI can collect and process more kinds of information than before. In the past, forecasts mainly depended on temperature, wind, and air pressure. Now, AI models can provide information, including city maps, population data, and even electricity usage records. For example, the Hong Kong Observatory uses computer vision, an AI method, to study radar pictures of rain. This helps scientists know the speed and direction of rain clouds. ③However, some weather events are still hard to forecast. Traditional models work well for large systems, such as areas of high or low pressure. But small, local events, like sudden rainstorms or tornadoes, are harder to predict. Reducing the grid (网格) size of a weather model helps. But the large number of processing makes it impossible to use traditional methods. ④Rain predictions near the equator are often less accurate than in other places. One reason is that the difference in tropical rainfall systems affects the predictions. Another reason is that observation systems are not equally good worldwide. ⑤At present, there are many ways to improve forecasts. With AI, weather forecasting is becoming faster, cheaper, and more accurate. For example, Nvidia’s CorrDiff model uses AI to produce more detailed forecasts quickly with less energy. Even the Hong Kong Observatory can make rain forecasts only a few hours ahead. 1.According to Paragraph 2, what information can AI models provide? a. city maps b. computer vision c. transport data d. electricity usage records A. ab B. ad C. bc D. cd 2.What makes rain predictions near the equator less accurate? A. The large number of processing. B. The equally good observation stations. C. The smaller grid size of a weather model. D. The difference in tropical rainfall systems. 3.Why does the writer mention the Hong Kong Observatory twice? A. To compare two main ways. B. To list different climate systems. C. To exchange ideas about forecasts. D. To give a good example of using AI. 4.According to the chart, which structure of the following is correct? (① — Paragraph…) A. ①→②→③④→⑤ B. ①②→③→④→⑤ C. ①→②→③→④⑤ D. ①→②③→④→⑤ 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文，围绕人工智能驱动的天气预报模型展开，介绍了AI在天气预报中的应用优势，列举了当前天气预报存在的难题，说明了AI对提升预报能力的作用。 (1)题解析： 根据文章第2段“Now, AI models can provide information, including city maps, population data, and even electricity usage records.”可知，AI模型可提供城市地图、用电记录类的信息，对应题干中的a和d。 (2)题解析： 根据文章第4段“One reason is that the difference in tropical rainfall systems affects the predictions.”可知，热带降雨系统的差异会导致赤道附近的降雨预报准确率较低。 (3)题解析： 根据文章第2段“For example, the Hong Kong Observatory uses computer vision, an AI method, to study radar pictures of rain.”和第5段“Even the Hong Kong Observatory can make rain forecasts only a few hours ahead.”可知，作者两次提及香港天文台，是为了举例说明AI在天气预报领域的有效应用。 (4)题解析： 结合第二张图片的结构框架，第①段引出AI助力天气预报的主题，对应“Leading to the topic”；第②段介绍AI能处理更多种类信息的实际情况，对应“Showing facts”；第③段讲小型局地天气难预报的问题，第④段讲赤道附近降雨预报不准的问题，二者同属现存问题，对应“Listing problems”；第⑤段介绍以AI改进天气预报的方案，对应“Offering solutions”。因此文章结构为①→②→③④→⑤。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏徐州·中考真题）A new study shows that squirrels are willing to make extra effort to get their favourite food. Many animals eat whatever is near them. Squirrels, however, prefer tastier snacks even when they are harder to get. British researchers put different foods on poles (杆) of different heights. Squirrels could easily climb a wooden pole to get to pumpkin seeds (籽). They could use a taller, more slippery (滑的) plastic pole to reach their favourite snacks. During the study, 11 wild gray squirrels made more than 4,000 choices. Even when faced with a more difficult climb, the animals still tried to choose their favourite food. A squirrel’s place in its group influenced decisions. Lower-level squirrels preferred to choose food that was easier to reach. If squirrels took extra time to get to the tastier snacks, there could be a risk. They may lose the food to a stronger rival (对手). Just like humans, squirrels will adjust (调整) how much work they need to get what they want depending on the situation. 1.In which part of a magazine may we read the passage? A. Sports news. B. Art world. C. Wildlife. D. Lifestyle. 2.Where are the researchers from? A. France. B. The USA. C. Australia. D. The UK. 3.What saying does the new study about squirrels make us believe? A. No pain, no gain. B. Practice makes perfect. C. Every dog has its day. D. Many hands make light work. 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph shows that the squirrels are _______. A. generous B. friendly C. hard-working D. smart 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲了英国的一项研究发现，松鼠愿意费力获取喜爱的食物，同时会根据自身处境灵活调整觅食的选择。 (1)题解析： 根据文章通篇介绍松鼠这种动物的行为和科学研究可知，文章主题是野生动物，对应杂志的Wildlife（野生动物）板块。 (2)题解析： 根据第二段第一句“British researchers put different foods on poles of different heights.”可知，研究人员来自英国，British意为“英国的”，British=The UK。 (3)题解析： 根据文章第一段“squirrels are willing to make extra effort to get their favourite food”以及第二段“Even when faced with a more difficult climb, the animals still tried to choose their favourite food”可知，松鼠愿意付出辛苦费力攀爬（pain付出辛苦），来换取喜爱的食物（gain收获回报），和谚语“No pain, no gain”含义匹配。 (4)题解析： 根据划线句“Just like humans, squirrels will adjust how much work they need to get what they want depending on the situation.”可知，松鼠会看清处境，灵活调整自己要付出多少努力，懂得权衡风险，随机应变，这体现松鼠很smart（聪明）。 主题语境02 人与自我-方法与哲理 （2026·江苏常州·中考真题）①We’ve all been there—sitting in a meeting, classroom, or workshop, not understanding a concept (概念) but too afraid to ask questions. The fear of sounding silly keeps us silent. We tell ourselves that everyone else must already understand, that our question is “stupid”, and that it’s better to nod along than risk embarrassment (窘迫). ②But what if those “stupid” questions are the most valuable ones? What if they’re the key to encouraging creation, increasing confidence and connecting more meaningfully with others? ③There are no stupid questions. What we consider as “stupid” questions always challenge fixed thinking and cause great breakthroughs. Many new possibilities come from such questions, like Newton thinking about why apples fall to the ground and ancient thinkers questioning why the sun rises and sets. These questions break traditional thinking and lead to creative discoveries. ④Moreover, asking such questions builds personal confidence and connection between people. Each time we ask a “stupid” question, we’re reducing the fear of losing face. We become more and more confident. At the same time, by asking “stupid” questions, we invite real conversations. When we ask “stupid” questions, we allow others to ask their own. We tell others it’s okay not to know everything, creating a culture of openness and curiosity. This leads to deeper and more honest connections. ⑤In short, in a world that doesn’t give value to true curiosity but to appearing knowledgeable, asking “stupid” questions becomes a superpower. So, the next time you think of a “stupid” question, just ask it. Remember: It is not a sign of silliness, but a sign of courage and true learning. 1.What stops people asking questions about a concept that they don’t understand? A. The difficulty of the concept. B. The value of the concept. C. The worry about embarrassing others. D. The fear of losing face. 2.What does the writer think of “stupid” questions in the passage? A. They often lead to creative discoveries. B. They are often caused by fixed thinking. C. They often increase people’s fear of feeling silly. D. They are often asked by stupid people in conversations. 3.What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A. ①/②/③④/⑤ B. ①②/③/④⑤ C. ①/②③/④⑤ D. ①/②③/④/⑤ 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Way of Asking “Stupid” Questions B. The Types of “Stupid” Questions C. The Power of Asking “Stupid” Questions D. The Cost of “Stupid” Questions 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们因害怕尴尬而不敢提问的现象，论证了“愚蠢”问题能激发创造、建立自信及促进人际连接的价值，鼓励大家勇敢提问。 (1)题解析： 根据第一段“The fear of sounding silly keeps us silent...risk embarrassment”可知，人们不敢提问是因为害怕听起来愚蠢或面临尴尬，即害怕丢脸。 (2)题解析： 根据第三段“These questions break traditional thinking and lead to creative discoveries.”可知，作者认为这些问题能打破传统思维并带来创造性发现。 (3)题解析： 第一段描述生活现象——人们因害怕不敢提问，第二段过渡设问，引出“愚蠢的问题”有价值，第三段和第四段分别从创造突破和自信连接两方面论证，第五段总结全文，呼吁大胆提问。结构为①/②/③④/⑤。 (4)题解析： 全文围绕提问“愚蠢”问题带来的好处和价值展开，最后一段提到它是“superpower”，因此“The Power of Asking ‘Stupid’ Questions”最适合做文章标题。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $